Wow, you guys this is Sol's new car. I'm so proud of her She got this recently and we are both matching now lol. She still has to sell her old car But we're kind of matching where I have like the hard top version. She has a soft top version is absolutely Beautiful Oh Wow So guys, I'm really happy because Sol getting this car was a huge goal of ours was to both Work hard and change our cars was one of the things we wanted to do So and we wanted matching ones So I know this is like obviously There's a lot of important things in life and materialistic things isn't one of them But this was more a point of like us setting goals for ourselves and achieving it Which I'm so proud of we are going to our clinic now Today is the first day of dr. S dentistry clinic if you guys don't know Sol has Opened a branch in 80 Harley Street really reasonable prices very reasonable and doing all sorts of aesthetic dental work I was just showing everyone your car Pranking you congratulations Yeah, so she's doing all sorts of aesthetic dental work So that composite bonding veneers teeth whitening in there's a line Teeth cleaning etc like hygiene Awaitments so and they're really really reasonable like honestly More reasonable than any other So anyway, I want to be Sol's first patient So we had always had this plan the day we opened dr. S dentistry The first patient will always be me so I'm actually getting in there's a line done with soul Which I'm so excited about we're going to go into the clinic now She's got a full day ahead of her And I'm just gonna be here to enjoy the ride and get my like in this line So the inside of this car is black and cream by the way was it black or gray it was gray Oh, yeah, there's one you chose that I really didn't like because I just felt like the Specifications like the specs that had on it wasn't that impressive for the price that they wanted you to pay for it Shop smart guys look around guys. I think it's a cute How long did it take you to find this car so I wanted a car from before I wanted a car So it's taken her a long time Do you find this? She keeps saying about all that she's so cute. She's like oh my god. Look how my steering wheel hit that Show us Sol show us. Okay, so it's warm now. Touch yourself. Oh Wow, this is so good for winter in here And you press it and it hates it up That's a much better than that. She's showing off too much now showing off too much. See me rolling They hate it. I already know what my next car is going to be Well, I told the guy as well I said look I want you to sell me my next car and This is what it's going to be What do you guys think do you think that like she's just got a car she should more be like oh, I love this car I love this car or she should be thinking. Yes always on like not on to that I wasn't always thinking about the bigger picture and what's next Because I feel like it needs to be a bit of both in my opinion Need to be appreciative of what you have now, which she obviously is we also need to set yourself big goals How pretty is it in here This view is so cute Wow So guys, we've just taken the pics for my Invisalign. I'm so excited to start this journey It's so easy next step is that we take some impressions of Cepi's teeth and we send them off and The whole process is really easy and simple. Yeah So I've decided that I need to get my ship together. I am Getting ready. Well, I'm actually already ready. I'm just trying to find my lip balm doesn't this what happened to you I think it's still like in my suitcase, which I haven't unpacked I'm that girl who doesn't unpack straight away after a holiday. I'm absolute nightmare and I should fix myself, but I'm not going to do it right now. I'm sorry I need to find some lip balm going to the gym because I need to get my life together And then I've got my laptop and my new favorite thing to do is to Study in cafes and I realized this when I was in Abu Dhabi And I managed to edit three vlogs in a coffee shop because I really had nothing else to do because I was stranded there alone So that's what I'm gonna do today I have to study because believe it or not even once you qualify as a doctor the studying doesn't stop There's always exams and I've got an exam coming up in like January or February. I don't even know when it is Not because they haven't told me I mean they haven't told me as well, but because I don't even know So I'm just revising for it like Just you know, we're gonna as we go, but I want to kind of be dedicated and working hard from a good Period like give myself at least like two months of good revisions So I feel like I need to do that by getting out the house so I'm fast gonna get myself pumped up with some exercise and then I'm gonna go to a little coffee shop sit down, maybe have a little bit of tea and Do some work. So that is what we are doing.  It's a tough one.  I don't hate studying I love learning don't be wrong, but I like I love learning when I don't have to physically let you learn for an exam Like I like it when it's no pressure when I have exams again It just like puts me through that stress of medical where you're just like, oh my god I have an exam like with my whole life ends if I didn't pass this and all that stress and jazz So I just need to kind of remind myself like, you know, you've already kind of made it. You've got the degree ready. So Okay, let's let's go work out I clearly can tell by this rambling that I just need to like blow off some steam also From Abu Dhabi, some of you guys were saying I've lost weight like that from what you can tell and that is true I gained some weight in summer And that was mainly because we were let out of lockdown So I just wanted to live my best life and go out and eat all the time and then I went on a bit of a intermittent fast slash meal prep thing and I lost a few kilos and Then I feel like I lost like another kilo and then I kind of left it off But my body is just not that strong muscle that it used to be like now when I do this like everything just shakes Like I feel like I've like got like a lot of fat now and nothing's just muscly and toned Do you know I mean so that is what my goals are now in the gym as well So we're gonna smash these goals together The other thing that's freaking me out is that my camera is flashing like red camera battery And it's because I haven't charged my camera since before I went on holiday Like I don't even know like if it was powered by solar energy this whole holiday because I I basically Didn't charge it and I managed to like film through vlogs Okay, let's go. Let's go. Welcome to us. I'm gonna swap to my iPhone So We're doing So So I just got home from the coffee shop that I was studying in and you guys would have seen that like in the last clip or whatever and basically um This boy and girl come in and they were two medical students And it was so obvious what uni they went to as well because of the area of the coffee shop that I was in And like I just I could tell because like they had like their badges and like med students have their uni badge And they you also get like your nhs id card So and then they start talking about the fact that they're medical students too So I just knew they were medical students. Anyway, this is so relevant to the story But basically the guy and the girl were like, oh like this is so horrible Which one of us should start first and then they basically talk about how Each of them were dating someone and then got screwed over And then the girl's story upset me the most don't mind me overhearing all this But basically I was trying to study and I just couldn't because they literally the whole like the half the coffee shop was empty And they came and sat next to me. So I feel like they were asking for me to listen Um, obviously not but so I just couldn't help it. So anyway, um, the girl was talking about how she'd just broken up with her boyfriend and then um Because of I can't remember if it was like a bad relationship or whatever But like had become really close with this other guy who she used to be really good friends with And like she told him she wants to take things slowly because she'd just come out with a brave club or whatever Um, but like they were spending a lot of time together, etc Then after like three weeks or something he of them like I don't know how what the three weeks situation was about was about like did they stop hanging out And then three weeks later he started like he had a girlfriend of three weeks And she was saying how she confronted him yesterday and she was like, you know, what the hell? I thought you love me blah blah blah and he was like No, I do love you.  She was stunning like I think she was such a beautiful girl And she was like, oh like I'm tall. She's short like she's smart I'm like she was saying how they're both medical students So you're both bloody smart and like all this stuff and she was making these comparisons And I was just thinking like When she was saying like how she it made her feel insecure just came It's like this lump in my throat and I felt so sad because it made me think like Why girl can you not see Your self-worth? There's gonna be points in like and you know It made me super sad as well because I could totally relate to her Like I've had situations with guys go to shits and then they start seeing someone else after and I Do exactly what that girl does which is Overthink not necessarily compare myself to the other girl But think that I'm lacking something and I feel like that's the stupidest thing you can do like realistically People sometimes don't work out because you're just not compatible Like that is the end of the story like you're not compatible because you're different If you were the same you would click you would understand each other And you wouldn't have led to a point where you wouldn't be together Do you know what I mean? And sometimes you just need to like understand that it will all like make sense in the future Like I remember my first heartbreak. I think I was depressed For a year and I think it took me a year and a half To like fully get over it and like I would say yeah a year and a half To like fully be over it and like finally be like actually happy like not fake being happy and like these things just Suck when they happen, but you shouldn't let it affect your confidence a never ever ever cry over a boy My sister always tells me obviously if you are into girls into boys This is just my what my sister tells me and it's so darn true Never ever ever cry over someone who tries to break your heart. They're not even worth one tear like um I really stand by that and I just felt really sad for that girl. Like I wanted to tell her You're awesome. You'll find someone way better than this guy. He sounds toxic and he sounds I feel bad for the girl that you sing now because He just sounded like a bit of a dick really and he wasn't really loyal to the girl that you sing now if He was seeing her too. Do you know what I mean?  You're listening to this conversation So I'm a true multitasker that anyway me and sol are going to go out now I want my parents to come to you. I want to Go somewhere different and just chill. I don't have worked tomorrow Which I'm so happy about my first day off in five days. I've been working. I had to work Thursday Friday, so oh, I didn't work Thursday actually, so it's my first day from four days So Thursday Friday, no Friday Saturday Sunday Monday, that's it and then I get Tuesday off because I work the weekend I would show you sol that she's in her towel. I am wearing stuff Cleopatra Halloween is over calm down. I'm tired I feel you do you Do you don't want to go out? I definitely want to go out. I need to go out. Okay We'll go out is mommy daddy coming with us daddy is not mommy said she'd love to Me and sol both drive two-seater cars now Um, which is a kerfuffle kerfuffle still what I got a four-seater Yeah, we still have four-seaters in the firm alarm, but guys, would you set? What do you think of the new foundation I got? Um, it's good. I'm wearing two face born this way That's sol got I like my Nars one as well. Anyway Come back to you in a sec Sol my mom My dad We're going to this pub here because up there in the corner you can set outdoors and it just looks really cute Um, so I'm really excited So this is my outfit tonight.  By the way, the terrace was so cute, but it has no heaters and it's tiny.  I'll show you guys This is the prettiest area I was too I was too hungry. So I already had two slices out of my bagel But it's basically turkey cheese and tomato And then I've made myself a latte and this is my mug. It says obgyn at your Starbucks Which is basically selling for obsengaini, which is the specialty that I want to do and my best friend Christina and mickey got me this Um, and I just love it. I think of them every time I drink from this and it motivates me because That is the specialty that I am applying for On repeat and I literally know all of the words because she listens to it so much and my grandma doesn't know who it was just me So skills but every time I sing sol always looks at me Like we're just such like, you know, like soulful deep look She goes Go on sol to tell them a bit what you say. Never said he sings generally just anything I'll just look at her thank God you're pretty. Oh, you're like thank God you're clever I'm trying to find if I should do them again or not I'll book in this week


the country with incredible talent around digital and also an incredible ability to get things done and execute well. Crucial part of any digital transformation is actually a workforce transformation. So you have to keep focused on people development. We need to tie the customer much closer to the organizational units at the company, which means the logistics department needs to get the information from the customer directly if the customer is happy with the delivery service. We have to devote energy and resources to training and that's something where the DSCI has been actively involved in developing leadership programs. Here at the Digital Supply Chain Institute we focus on technologies that are relevant to transforming supply chains. The beauty of the development of the institute is in understanding various different industries. I think data trading is sort of the next marketplace in supply chain. I think information is intrinsically valuable and data is the currency in which information is traded. I think the real jewel that came out of this forum was a deeper and more sophisticated understanding the power of blockchain and its limitations.


Hello and welcome to the session. This is Professor Farhad in which you would look at a CPA simulation that could appear on the far section of the exam that deals with the elimination of intercompany sales of depreciable asset. This topic is also covered in advanced accounting. What I do on farhadlectures.com is I help you pass the CPA exam. I supplement your CPA accounting course. So if you have Becker, Roger, Wiley, or Glyme, or any other CPA course, what I do is I help teach you the material because the CPA course assumes you know the material already.  I can help you bring your speed up to their level. So if you if you're interested, please check out my website, farhadlectures.com and also please link with me on LinkedIn. If you haven't done so, subscribe to my YouTube. I have 1800 plus accounting, auditing, tax, finance, as well as Excel tutorial. Please like my lectures, share them. If you're watching this recording, it means they're benefiting you. If they're benefiting you, it means they might benefit other people. Please share the wealth. Again on my website, this topic of consolidation is covered heavily, not heavily. It's covered specifically in my advanced accounting course so you can have the whole advanced accounting course or you could integrate this knowledge into your CPA course. Anyhow, I'll be able to take care of your knowledge so you are prepared for your prep course, which will prepare you for the CPA exam. So let's take a look at this simulation. This may not appear like as a simulation to you, but on the exam, the only difference that you might see is you might see boxes to input the account, the debit and the credit. But this is what it looks like. On January 1st, year 3, Mason sold equipment to Sunny for 120,000, which originally had a purchase on January 1st, year 1 for 100,000. Mason was depreciating the equipment, used a 10-year, using the straight line, the straight line depreciation. There was no salvage value. Sunny decides to depreciate the equipment over eight years, also using the straight line. Assume all other appropriate year end and income tax journal entries have been made. Prepare the eliminating entries for year 3. So the best way to do this is just to show you the journal entries for both Mason and Sunny because all what they're looking for is the eliminating entries. But it's important to look at the journal entries for Mason and Sunny. Then when we do the eliminating entries, it will be very easy for you to see what's happening. Mason sold the equipment for 120,000. They will debit cash 120,000. Now what would they do? They're going to have to credit the equipment. They're going to credit the equipment because they sold the equipment and it has an original cost of 100,000. Now when they get rid of the equipment, they have to get rid of its accumulated depreciation. Remember, if you're getting rid of the equipment, you have to get rid of accumulated depreciation. The equipment has a cost of 120,000. They purchased it actually, sorry, for 100,000. They purchased it for 100,000. A 10-year, no salvage value will give us 10,000 of accumulated depreciation times 2. We have accumulated depreciation of 20,000. We have to remove accumulated depreciation of 20,000. What we have here is a gain because we sold it for 120,000. The book value is 80,000. What's the book value? The book value is cost of 100,000 minus 20,000 of accumulated depreciation. The book value is 80,000. We got 120,000 for something that we have on the books for 80,000. Therefore we have a gain of 40,000. The entry on Masons is we get the cash, 100,000, debit accumulated depreciation, debit equipment, and credit gain. Now, I want you to just make sure you understand that we have to eliminate when we go forward. Those three entries here will have to be eliminated. Now, what would Sunny do on the books? We purchased an asset, which is a piece of equipment, for 120,000, and they credited cash 120,000. Now we have to do the elimination entries. We simply put, if you really think about it, cash, debit 120, credit cash 120, basically those two account cancel each other. Now, what's going to happen is this. When we buy an asset from a subsidiary, when we buy an asset from a subsidiary, what we have to do, we have to depreciate the asset as if we still have it originally on the books, because Mason and Sunny, they're going to consolidate because we are preparing eliminating journal entries. So now they're going to consolidate. So let's see what Sunny do at the end of the year. Here's what Sunny would do at year three. At the end of December 31st, year three, Sunny will debit depreciation expense of 15,000, credit accumulated depreciation of 15,000. Now, how did it come up with 15,000? They had an asset, they purchased an asset for 120,000 divided by eight years because that's what they said. They're going to depreciate this asset over eight years. That's going to give us 15,000 of depreciation. Now, at the end of the year, what we have to do, we have to prepare the eliminating entries for all of those. In other words, both of these companies will have to merge together and preparing the eliminating entries. What does that mean? It means any intercompany sales will have to be eliminated. Any gains will have to be eliminated. Starting with this gain here, we're going to have to debit gain. We're going to have to debit gain. Now, I'm answering the question. We had a gain of 40,000. We have to debit this gain of 40,000. That's fine. That's great. What else do we have to do in your opinion? Well, we have to go back and we have to go back and restore the asset to 120,000. What does that mean? It means the asset between Mason and Sonny, the asset is overvalued by 20,000 because the asset's supposed to be at 100,000 because we sold at the Sonny, our subsidiary, it went up to 120. What do we have to do? I have to credit equipment of 20,000. By credit and equipment of 20,000, basically I fixed the equipment account because it was for 120 when Mason had it, Sonny had it at 100,000. Sonny turned it to 120, it has to go back to 100 because we are preparing the eliminating entries. We have to credit the equipment 20,000. What else do we have to do? Well, here's what we have to do. We have to restore accumulated depreciation by 20,000. That's fine. That's fine. We're going to credit, I'm going to put this in a different color because that's not the final entry. We're going to credit accumulated depreciation of 20,000. Basically what I did is I restored the asset's original value, restore accumulated depreciation right now, and remove the gain. What else do I have to do? Well, there's one more thing I have to do is fix my depreciation on Sonny's books. I have to fix this entry. What's the problem with this entry? The problem with this entry is I overreported my depreciation by 15,000, by 5,000. How so? Remember, when Mason had the asset on the books, Mason had an asset of 100,000. Using 10-year life, Mason was taken 10K per year. Now, I came and I made this asset 120, depreciated over 15 years, and make depreciation of 15,000. Like I did, I'm overreporting my depreciation expense of 5,000. What do I have to do? Well, simply put, to fix this problem, I have to remove 5,000 of depreciation expense and 5,000 of accumulated depreciation. Simply put, I have to debit accumulated depreciation, 5,000, basically remove 5,000 from here, and credit depreciation expense of 5,000. That's why I told you I made this, the accumulated depreciation in green, because this is accumulated depreciation debit. This is accumulated depreciation credit. Now I can turn this into 15,000, and I credit depreciation expense of 5,000. This is the entry that they're looking for. So, on the exam, they're only looking for the eliminating entries, eliminating entries between those two transactions. But what I did is I showed you what the selling company did, what the purchasing company did. This way it's easier to just see what happened. So simply put, the gain is gone, the gain is gone. The equipment is back to 100,000. The cash is technically gone when we debit cash, credit cash. Again, the equipment is restored properly. Accumulated depreciation is restored. I credited accumulated depreciation 20,000 initially. Then I increased my accumulated depreciation and depreciation expense by 5,000. I fixed it, and accumulated depreciation back to 15,000. Everything is great now. We're back to, as if the company is still on Mason's book, for 100,000. And this is what we're supposed to do when we prepare those eliminating entries for the appreciable asset, is you want to fix all the entries to go back to the original asset status. Why? Because really the transaction between Mason and Sonny, all what it did is inflate the asset. Sometime what could happen is the asset could go down, you could have a loss, so you have to do the opposite. But this is what I do on my website, farhatlectures.com. I will show you different scenarios about those situations. But the point is you have to understand the overall big picture. So on the exam day, if you don't understand the original journal entry on Mason, you don't understand the original journal entry on Sonny's book, you're going to have a lot of hard time preparing the eliminating entries. But this is what I do on farhatlectures.com. I teach you consolidation from A to Z. I teach you means I don't review it with you. I don't assume you know anything. I'm teaching you this. Then what you can do, you will learn in advanced accounting. Then you go to my CPA courses and learn more. Then you will go to your own CPA course, whether it is Becker, Roger, Wiley, it doesn't matter, and practice, learn so you can pass the CPA exam. Listen to me carefully. Your CPA exam is a lifetime investment. So it's not like something, it's an expense. It's an investment. It's 30, 40 year investment in your career. Take it seriously. Don't shortchange yourself. Subscribe, study hard, and above all, stay safe.


Hello, and welcome to Ask an Archaeologist. I'm Nico Tripsovich, the host of today's show. Ask an Archaeologist is a series of live streamed interviews co-hosted by the Archaeological Research Facility and the PBA Hearst Museum of Anthropology at UC Berkeley. In this series, UC Berkeley archaeologists and others who work with archaeological materials discuss their research and answer audience questions. For those of you joining us live today, you can post your questions in the live chat box. You'll find a Jay symptom to the YouTube video. So today we are delighted to be speaking with Professor Jay Theodore-Penya. Welcome, Ted. Hi, pleased to be here. Thanks for having me. Dr. Ted Penya is a professor of Roman Archaeology in the Department of Classics at UC Berkeley. He came to us from SUNY Buffalo in 2009 and he will be presenting Making Sense of Material Culture at Pompeii, which will show us some of the latest research results from the Pompeii Artifact Life History Project. So I'm looking forward to hearing about your work, Ted. Okay, so I can take it away? Yeah. And do screen share here. Okay, yeah, I'll just talk a little bit about a few minutes about what I've been up to doing research at Pompeii in the last few years since 2012 and then answer whatever questions people might have. The project is called the Pompeii Artifact Life History Project. Its acronym is PALHIP. And what it's concerned with, as I'm alluding to in the slide you have now is the thrust of the project is to study portable material culture at Pompeii, the small objects that are found in and around the houses at Pompeii and sites immediately outside the town to better understand the life history of the artifact in the Roman world, how things flow through the systemic context from their manufacturer to their acquisition to their use, their maintenance, their repair, their recycling, their discard, things of that sort. Pompeii is unusually a good place to do this because we have of course so many sets of artifacts that were in use at the time that the site was, the town was destroyed. So we have an unusual opportunity to study the life history of artifacts. And so since 2012, I've been going out with a small team. Here you see our 2008 team, actually, usually four or five people, grad students from UC Berkeley. And what we do is we work in the stirrums at Pompeii, very carefully evaluating and describing sets of objects that were excavated in the past by other projects because there are endless amounts of this stuff that had never been properly studied. We're particularly interested in looking at what we call use alterations. That is effects on artifacts that come from their use, sooting on pots, abrasion, dents, things like that. So we can gain some understanding of what these items were actually being used for. What I've been doing in recent months really since the beginning of the year is doing a deep dive into some of our data and in particular looking at the sets of artifacts, the assemblages that have come from three modest residences. Two of these are inside the town of Pompeii and one is about 1.2 kilometers farmhouse outside the town. The first two are in this block I've highlighted for you in red. Pompeii's divided into nine regiones and each regio into insuli blocks as a modern archeological convention. So we're in regio one insula 11 where we're doing a systematic study of all of the assemblages of artifacts that were found in a series of eight plus or minus residences. Here you see on the right a plan of the insula, the block on the left, a satellite photo of what you see today with many of the houses re-roofed and whatnot. And in particular, we're looking at two properties. Here's a table which lays out the names, the different properties and their dimensions and ground floor area and so on and so forth. We're looking at one, this house, the so-called casa house of Lucius Hibonius primus that you see here in the north end of the block. And then secondly, this somewhat smaller residence here on the west side of the block that's referred to as the casa imperiale, somewhat inflatedly, the imperial house. And that, in fact, we should be calling something a bit different. We should be calling it the house of Lucius Kylius Januarius because as is sometimes the case at Pompeii and in fact was the case in this other house, Hibonius primus, we find a bronze seal ring like you see here, which has a name on it. And we can often assume that the name is is that of the most recent owner of the house at the time of 8079 when the eruption occurred. So if you look at this, you can see in reverse, L in the upper right, Kyli finishing the first row and then Januarius in the second row. And so we surmise that the main residence in this house was a Lucius Kylius Januarius. Now, we do a lot of work with the extant documentation from these houses. They were dug way back in 1960s with the documentation's kind of crummy. We have the upper right, the so-called mysteriously named Quaderni Neri, the black notebooks, which are their daybooks. And then we also have the standard catalog card, the Scata Bufetti named after the standard chain of stationers in Italy, Bufetti, which is produced for each inventory object. So we work with those, let me work with the objects. A lot of the excavation done back in this time was not up to modern standards. And so often we're dependent upon things like these published sketches not the time of excavation, showing us two views of the courtyard in the Cosiddini Kylius Januarius that you see right here. Showing us pottery because while at that time, the archaeologists would collect artifacts and metal and in glass and things like that. They considered pottery was kind of boring. And so they would gather it all up and send it off to the vast storeroom at the Grenadiel photo like you see right here. And they would save it, but they wouldn't indicate where it came from. And so for these couple of houses, we have actually very little of the pottery assemblage to work with, which in a way can be a good thing for reasons I discussed in an earlier lecture at the ARF. But this storage facility is kind of like, it's right off the form. They're always mobs of tourists hanging on the grate outside at Staring Angus. It looks kind of like the last scene of Raiders with a lost Ark with thousands of these vessels. We also, besides looking at portable artifacts, we recover a lot of indirect evidence for storage furniture, because I'm really interested in these last few months understanding how Romans situated things, how they dispose them around their houses so we can better understand that aspect of Roman culture. So we find stuff like what you see here, bronze fittings, which tell us about the storage furniture in which a lot of this stuff was actually being stored. So at the top, you have a big flat hinge, strap hinge. Below that to the left, you have a angled overlay hand, which might've been used, let's say, for the top of a trunk. You have the far right, a ring pole that you could use to pull out a drawer or a door. And at the bottom center, what you have is an iron, rather a lead deadbolt from a slide lock, which were often mounted in these storage cabinets and things like that. We can see a little bit of actually iron transfer and wood transfer on it. So using this kind of stuff and then other evidence we have for actual Roman storage furniture. And here you see some casts in the house of Giulio Polibio at the bottom and a detail of one of those plaster casts made where they found the wooden voids where these storage units had been. And on the upper right, you see a reconstruction of one of these that's today in a museum in Rome. So we're paying particular careful attention to understanding the storage furniture and the side which these objects were being stored. And we also find evidence for smaller storage boxes of the kind you see indicated here in a reconstruction at the top left and right and then in a Roman fresco at the bottom. So we're trying to figure out like where Romans really were keeping things and where they would put them and issues of that sort. The other structure outside Pompeii, here we have a satellite image which shows you Pompeii with the green push pen and then up to the upper left 1.2 kilometers, not quite a mile away is the so-called Villa de Gina of Boscoreale. And this was this modest farmhouse that was excavating its entirety a bit later, right? The other houses were in the 1960, this was excavated 1978 to 80 by which time they'd made a lot of progress in bringing excavation methods up to more modern standards. Here's the farmhouse that's just been re-roofed in this gigantic hole in the ground because they excavated also the fields immediately around it which produced a lot of interesting evidence as well. And here's a plan of that farmhouse, a big central courtyard with some giant wine storage, dolia in it with various residential and farm produce processing rooms spread around it. Now here we have quite different opportunities. Here's a view of the main storage room where the archaeologists actually were able to take plaster casts of shelves on the wall and a storage unit set on the floor and actually recover the sets of objects that were being disposed in each of these areas. And so we're doing a lot of work with this to understand how Romans were placing things around their structures so we can situate what we have. I've more recently been doing some work with understanding the flow of objects in and around Roman houses. So here you see a plan of one of those two houses inside the town we just talked about. This is Hibbonius primus. The number at the top of my slide is actually wrong. Should say 111-58, not 17, my apologies there. I'm indicating you to you the three areas that produce large selections of artifacts probably placed in storage furniture. And so I'm doing things like using a technique that's used by architects creating access graph, justified access graphs, which help us understand the spaces and the structure and how they're connected and how people can move into and through a structure from the outside. So here you see a justified access graph for this house. But I'm tweaking it a bit to pay attention more to how objects could circulate around the house. And so I call these modified graphs that I'm making justified material culture access graphs. And here you see one of those that I've worked up for this house to give you some sense about how I'm trying to understand how people could actually gain access to things and thus why they were putting them where they were inside the house. I've got a bunch more slides that go on and look at individual artifacts from the house. It may be that those are worth looking at in the conversation. I think I've probably spoken long enough. So I think what I need to do now is maybe stop the slide share and go back to my interlocutor so we can address some questions that people might have. Sure. Well, we actually have a few questions coming in now. One of them is about some of your slides. So it might be worth keeping the- Going back to screen sharing on. Yep. Okay. Well, read the question here. What is the glass object that was shown at the start of the presentation? That's, I'm not sure I can get to that very quickly or efficiently. That's a small blown glass vessel that's mimicking a wine skin and shape. So it's called an asgos. We use the Greek word for that. But this object is actually quite small. It's probably only about, oh, let's say six inches long. And so it's probably a little miniature single serving wine picture, I suppose you can call it. But it's in the form you see of a little wine skin. That's why it's got that floppy shape. Yeah. And it has, does it have like a pointed end to mimic? Yeah, let me see if I can go back to it here. It's all the way in my title slide. It'll take me a while to get there. But yeah, as I indicated in my abstract but didn't have time to get to, in particular, I'm a pottery specialist but I've spent much of the shelter in place time trying to expand my knowledge of Roman glass, which is a quite different specialization. And I'm kind of getting there. So this is a little tiny, here we go, blown glass vessel. One of the interesting things is that one of the very few technological innovations that we see occur in the Roman world is the blowing of glass, which is invented sometime, discovered sometime around the middle or third quarter of the first century BC. We are about 100 years after that. And one of the things we can do with glass assemblages at Pompeii is see how the suite of techniques that come to represent glass blowing, as we've known it now for many hundreds of years, are kind of first elaborated. And so glass blowing seems simple and natural to us but it actually was kind of a tricky thing for people to figure out how to do and how to do well. And so this is an example of a fairly early on blown glass vessel. Well, that seems like a subject that's ripe for some geochemical study. Perhaps we can XRF the earlier and later phases of the glass production. Yeah, one of the tricky things though is that raw glass is only made in a couple of places in the Roman world, in Egypt and in Sero-Palestine. And that has a very particular stabilizer to help fingerprint for each of those areas. And then we get shipped around the Roman world but the Romans would intensively recycle glass. And so what you gather these, that the secondary workshops could use virgin raw glass from one of those areas or recycled glass or some combination of that. And so what we're learning is is that the chemical fingerprints of glass don't really tell us very much because it's all stuff that's mixed around. I see. So I wanna remind our viewers that they can post questions to the YouTube live chat comment box and we'll present them to our speaker or speaking with Ted Pena from the UC Berkeley Classics Department. Here's another question that's come in. Can you speculate about the rope work and knotting use in the furniture? It doesn't survive, but is it likely there was a lot of bags and nets and pulleys? Well, I wouldn't think so much in storage furniture but for things like beds, for example, from which we have some very nice specimens from Herculaneum where the wooden furniture was kind of flash carbonized. And so instead of finding voids where it rotted away which you can try to recover through casts at Herculaneum, you actually have the original furniture and there you can get a much better sense about these sorts of things. And so it is clear, for example, that there were wooden bed frames which then had rope crossing between hauls drilled in the frame as the support for then the mattress that would have been on top of that. So we're not finding that evidence directly at Pompeii and I wouldn't expect much of it to exist for storage furniture, cabinets and armoires and chests and things like that that interests me. That's more an issue of typically bronze hinges and latches and locks and pulls, sometimes iron used for that. And also the hinges for boxes and smaller chests were also made out of animal bone. And so we do find that sometimes. We have a question here about the working at Pompeii. Yeah. You have a sense of how many different projects are active at Pompeii these days and how and if you collaborate with other projects? That's a tough question in part because of the American academic calendar where I can work in Pompeii kind of in June or July, August, everyone's on vacation so you can't really work then. And most European academics don't start up again maybe until the end of September or October so they often prefer to work at other times of the year. So I will overlap with a certain number of projects who are there when I'm there but there are many others that could be going on that I would not know about. Pompeii is a very, very large place. The area inside the walls is 65 hectares. I'll multiply that by two and a half if you want to get your acreage. But I certainly have relations with any number of other projects from many different nations that are involved working there. We see each other socially quite a bit. Pompeii's a smallish town so we'll go out for dinner or have a July 4th party for the Americans or because there are various other American projects working there. But I have Italian colleagues and British colleagues and Spanish colleagues and Finnish colleagues and people from many, many different countries principally Western Europe and North America. And you perhaps have symposia and conferences where you get together and chat about your findings. Yeah, yeah. So for instance, a couple of years ago we had one on recent discoveries about the production of pottery at Pompeii where in one of the sub-projects we did we were exiting a big garbage dump thrown over the wall that had been studied in the past and we pretty quickly figured out that this garbage dump contained a lot of waste or pottery, pottery that was misfired that hadn't been kind of understood as such by the earlier archaeologists who worked on it. And so what we think we have is refuse middens of stuff dumped over the wall that had a very small percentage of materials that must have been deriving from a workshop somewhere probably at no great distance. And by looking at their rejects we were able to come up with some understanding of the suite of forms that they used. And here we did collaborate with archaeologists from the University of Naples, Federico Secondo, an archaeometric unit there to actually do a compositional and physical characterization of these so we could better understand the raw materials being used and how they were being processed. Here's another question. Can you tell us a little about how you used the plaster casting that you mentioned? Well, I don't do it, but this is a technique that was discovered in Pompeii in the mid-19th century actually that the archaeologists kept finding these strange voids and sometimes the voids would have artifacts associated with them and it was finally figured out that what these were were in effect cast that were left were organic material had been surrounded in the lapilli which had sort of solidified the organic material decomposed except for the hard parts like human bones that would fall to the bottom of this void. And if you tapped into the void and just cut a little hole into it and then poured liquid plaster inside, let the plaster set and then excavated away the lapilli what you would have as a cast of what was there. It could be a dead person or a dead animal. It could be a piece of furniture also. In the 80s and 90s, the archaeologists there got the idea of using kind of a resin to do this rather than plaster. Reasoning that the resin would be a lot lighter and more robust in the plaster. Plus it was transparent. So you could kind of see stuff trapped inside it. And what's emerged in the last few years is that this resin isn't stable. It's starting to get cloudy. And so it no longer has some of the positive attributes. But I don't do this, but it's a technique that's been done in various points in the past. And it allows you to do things at Pompeii like if you're careful and lucky to take casts of furniture, although there's been so much of that done. It's been done more with animals and things like that. Yeah, I have heard of people using 3D laser scanners as well now to rather than casting, they actually scan the, I guess they're scanning the casts and then 3D printing the replicas. I suppose if you could introduce a scanner into a void you could try to scan the inside of the void. I guess that dentists now and internists and people and medicine have kind of techniques for doing that, but that's pretty big budget kind of stuff compared to our very, very modest archaeological budgets. That's right. All right, here's another question about one of the slides you shared. The amphora are often pictured piled and stacked in ways that involve sawdust or dirt. I wonder if a lot of it could have been suspended in slings or hammock-ish rope work. Well, let me try to get to that slide. You're probably referring to the fact that many classes of amphora, here we go, like those in the bottom row here, terminate in a point or a spike or a toe, as we call it. Others, like you see in that second shelf up are actually flat bottomed amphora. And moderns are often puzzled by the pointy amphora. They think, well, gosh, that doesn't make sense. They'd fall over, right? So maybe your question is getting on with that. We do know that they were simply leaned against things like you see here. They could be set in a hole in the ground. There could be terracotta rings that they could be set into. They're principally containers for shipping, and so when you're trying to lay them that is put them as cargo, packed them onto a ship, actually having a point is an advantage because they're being put against the planking of the hull, which is curved, and a big flat bottom wouldn't fit against that so well, whereas a point just touches it in one area.  So when the ship sails and cargo starts to shift, they're not gonna rub against each other and start wearing hulls in each other, so by the end of the voyage, I have a bunch of empty amphorae. So they would be packed together like that. But I guess one final point is that that point, besides being good for using amphora as cargo on ships, is also really a third handle. And so they'd be sealed up, and so you could grab it by one of the two regular handles, grab it by the spike at the bottom, and heft it up and put it on your shoulder and carry it on your shoulder, holding onto that spike is a third handle, right? And so they were very intelligent design also for this reason. If they had compact handles that didn't stick out, you could also put them down and you could roll them like a barrel on wharves and stuff like that. At least people are suspecting that now and how many direct evidence for that. Yeah, and I know that high quality wine has a punt in the bottom of the bottle and that concentrates the sediments around the perimeter. So I wonder if that has a similar function. Probably so. I did some work with a wine maker outside Portland, Oregon, who makes his own big terracotta. He calls them amphorae, but they really wouldn't be called a dolium, a big Roman storage jar. And I spent some time talking with him and it turns out that the shape of the jar in which you're fermenting your wine actually conditions the circulation of the must and then forming wine inside. And so it matters quite a bit about what the actual curvature of the wall is and things like that with respect to the, how the wine is gonna ferment and the sort of product you're gonna get. And so yeah, the form of these things would have mattered probably for that reason as well. All right, we have a few more questions here. Was there a standard set of pottery vessels that you find in all or almost all houses? And if so, what does it say about the activities of the house? Well, yeah, that in Roman Italy there are basically three main kinds of cooking vessels that we find in ceramic. There's a Ola in Latin, a cook pot, which is a jar shaped thing. There is a casserole, which in Latin is called a cockabus and then there's a kind of a flat pan. And those are your three recurring forms you find over and over and over again, 98% of cookware assemblages are those, well together with the lid that goes on the cook pot but not on the casserole or the pan. Well sometimes on the pan there's some big lids as well. And so there seem to have been these three distinct operations. And by looking at the soothing that we find, this use alteration on the exterior of both ceramic and also these vessels are made sheet bronze as well on sheet bronze examples of these. We've been able to tell a bit about how they were used in the sense that the casserole's have pretty uniform thick dark gray black sooting all the way around, which suggests they were probably set up on a cooking stand of some sort where the tip of the flame where the soot is is going all around the exterior. The cook pots on the other hand show that type of sooting in the middle and upper part of the wall and even all the way up to the rim but the underside of the base in the lower wall has like a very powdery light gray transfer and that pretty clearly is ash. And so it looks like those are being set directly in the embers very often kind of sidled into the cooking fire from the side because they often just have one handle on one side and the sooting goes way up the opposite side. And so we're beginning to also be able to work out a little bit about how these different forms were used. There's much more we have to learn though from studying for example absorb residues and things like that which will allow one to answer that question a bit better. But I will also point out that we find this suite of forms in both ceramic and in sheet bronze. The latter is probably an upscale version of this. And I'll just point out that one of our grad students in classical archeology at Berkeley, Aaron Brown is even as I speak working on a PhD dissertation which is flowing out of this research at Pompeii where he's looking at the actual material culture of food preparation at Pompeii. So we can really do a much better job of posing and telling questions to this. Aaron's a very accomplished cook and connoisseur of food and cooking. And thus come up with better answers than I'm able to give you right now. Thanks. We have a question about the jewelry. How are such small objects such as jewelry, cameos, beads? How are they preserved and stored on site? Well, a lot of the finds that are perceived as being valuable, things made in silver and gold for example are, I can't go into much detail about this. I'm sure the people at Pompeii would not want me to default overly much. Those are stored under special secure arrangements, often in the Museo Archeologio Nazionale Annopoly, the big National Archeology Museum in Naples or in secure facilities on site. Other things that you might find, beads for example, or pendants in materials like glass paste or pheons, which we also find, or shell, are regarded as less prone to theft. And so those are stored in the regular storerooms together with materials and glass and bronze and pottery and animal bone and things like that. And do materials from Pompeii stay in Naples or in Italy or are they scattered around the world in many different museums? Well, in the 19th century when there's a lot of excavation going on in the area around Pompeii, sets of materials from farmhouses found their way to places like the Chicago Field Museum for example. But in the 20th century, one could not legally export things from archeological sites in Italy. And so, by and large, the lion's share of that material is now in Italy. The bulk of it will be stored in the National Archeological Museum in Naples or in what's now the Parque Archeological di Pompeii, the Archeological Park of Pompeii. That's what the site is now called, where there is now an antiquarium on site. They have a satellite antiquarium at Boscoreale, for example. And so, many of the objects will be stored and a very, very small subset of them will be displayed in those venues. And also, I should say, are frequently on short-term loan to museums all around the world in connection with particular exhibits that are organized in collaboration with the Archeological Park of Pompeii. So these materials do travel, but that they need to go back to the archeological superintendency of Pompeii. Okay, well, it looks like we're almost out of time here. Let me just put the last question to you. The seal ring doesn't look very ornamental. Would that have been worn every day? Oh, well, I don't know. I can claim how this was carried around. I wouldn't think that you'd be out walking around all the time with this on your finger. The sealing surface there is a few centimeters wide. It'd be very unwieldy. So I expect you might, if you were carrying it around, I suppose you might wear it on a lanyard or something like that and pick it up and use it. And this presumably is used for sealing in wax or plaster or clay or something like that to show your ownership of whatever is being sealed by that. This particular seal ring was found as an isolated find on the floor of the atrium of this house. Oh, no, actually that's from the other house. This one was actually found in a mass of objects being stored underneath the staircase in the atrium of this house. Romans like us understood that areas under staircases are kind of wasted space unless you have like Harry Potter living there. And they tended to take advantage of that for storage. This was found stored with a bunch of other stuff under the staircase. So my guess is, is it probably stayed put and you took it out when you needed it for some particular reason, would be my guess. Yeah, I imagine it'd be like a notary's stamp. Yeah, yeah. It's not like your passport.  Only when you particularly need it, right? So it's totally a guess. I don't really know, I don't know to what extent, for example, if you look at all of the nearly 2,000 deceased Romans that have been found in the area around Pompeii from the 87 on eruption, how many of them had on their person a seal rang. But on the other hand, they were high tailing it out of town with maybe their most precious objects. So even that might not be particularly indicative of what was normal usage. All right, well, thanks very much, Ted. It's been really interesting. Okay. And I wanna thank the listeners and viewers and people who sent in questions. And I wanna invite everyone to join us next Tuesday on June 7th at noon for a talk entitled, Unfinished Business, Completing a Long Forgotten Archeology Project in Afghanistan with Dr. Mitch Allen. So please join us then. Our speaker today, Ted Pena has agreed to field questions in the future. So if you feel free to post questions to the comments field of this video and we can direct them to Dr. Pena. And also we have a feedback form in the description of this video. So if you'd like to provide feedback about our series, please pull out that one. Thanks again, Ted. Yeah, thank you. Thank you for your time.


Computer-aided drug discovery, CADD, tools have become an effective and indispensable tool in therapeutic development by expediting the challenging, time-consuming and expensive process of drug discovery and development, potentially reducing research and development costs. The Human Genome Project has made available substantial sequence data for various drug discovery projects, while increasing knowledge of biological structures and computer power have enabled computational methods to be used effectively in different phases of the drug discovery pipeline. This review highlights recent successes in virtual high-throughput screening, protein structure prediction methods, protein ligand docking, pharmacophore modeling, and QSAR techniques, both in structure-based and ligand-based drug discovery methods. This article was authored by Sumadu P. Lillinanda and Stefan Lindert.


Wow, okay, so I've reached 1000 subscribers. I know I kind of cheated by starting this channel up with a following of over 8,000 people on Instagram, but this is far more exciting for me. To each and every one of you, I say thank you from the bottom of my heart. I'm thoroughly chuffed that so many people can listen to me talk and actually want to stick around. It's an amazing feeling. I want to keep pushing this train as far as it can go, and I wouldn't be able to do it without your support and viewership. So, I have some announcements to make about my plans going forward. The first of which is that I have created a page on Subscribestar, which is a competitor to Patreon. I chose to go with this competitor because Patreon has a well-documented history of de-platforming people who advocate for freedom of speech, which is obviously an extremely libertarian position, so I couldn't in good conscience give them any business. The biggest reason why I think people should consider joining this if they like my content is that I'm in a temporary but fortunate position of being a student. Because my student loan just about covers my monthly bills, I only need a relatively tiny amount of income in order to go full-time with making content, which of course would mean that I can smash out content at a much, much quicker rate. There are 4 tiers available, the first of which is Coffee Tier at $2 per month. This will give you entry into my Discord server. If you're already in my server, don't worry, I'm not going to kick you out, but any newcomers from now on will now need to subscribe to gain access. Copper Tier grants you all the special subscriber privileges, which include one day early access to videos, which will be posted on the Subscribestar page, voting on video topics, behind-the-scenes updates, and your name featured at the end of the video.  Copper, Silver and Gold tiers will also each get their own private lobbies in Discord.  YouTube analytics tell me that 99.7% of my audience is male, so if it's going to be a sausage fest, we might as well make it a big one. Second to this, I'll have access to PayPal through Streamlabs for those of you who would like to give one-time donations and attach a message which I'm guaranteed to see. And if you donate to this while I'm live streaming, it will appear on the stream. So yes, live streaming. I also have a page on Twitch where I will do all of my live streams, for which I want to get people from our community on to talk about libertarianism, hear their thoughts and stories and so on, and do some friendly debates in the same vein as a podcast. Speaking of which, for those of you who don't know, I am also essentially a ghost host for the e-militia podcast, which you can also find here on YouTube as well as on Spotify. I don't currently plan to stream directly to YouTube because it is a serious hassle and pain in the arse to set it up and then manage fods on here, and I'm much more familiar with doing it on Twitch. I think there is a way to stream to both Twitch and YouTube simultaneously however, so that is something I might consider. I have shown my face before and I'm not particularly strict about keeping it a secret, but for the time being I won't be showing it on here while I'm still at university as I don't want to piss too many people off by talking about politics, and especially economics which is what I'm studying. And finally in regards to live streaming, I would do gaming live streams if it seems that enough people were interested, but I doubt they would be yet, and streaming games is very intense on a computer, and while my laptop is a good one, that is a bit too much to ask of it, so they definitely could happen in the future. I'll also post the schedule for any live streams as and when they happen both here and on Twitter, so make sure you follow me on there as well. To wrap it all up, keep in mind that all of this could be subject to change. If you guys don't like any of these decisions that I'm making, please let me know, and if it seems that I'm truly making a bad call, I won't be afraid to reverse any of it.  I'm really excited to see where we can take this, and here's to you going forwards. Cheers!


Hi everyone, Joe for JaspysCaseBreaks.com. Happy Thursday coming at you with 2020 Panini One Football, five box, random team break number one with a hitless promo right here. There's a combo right here. It's yeah, one encased card per box. It's a high risk, high reward, but here we go. At the end of the break, if you don't get a hit, we're gonna randomize all your names. Top six are gonna get $20 a break credit each. A little consolation prize you can put towards another break, 20 bucks. One pull out of the ATM, that's nice. Big thanks everyone here for making this happen. I appreciate it. And congrats again to the winners of the spots in those prism packs. So let's roll it, let's randomize it. Two and a six, eight times for names and teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eighth and final time. After eight, right? Two and a six, eight times. We got Eric down to Monty. Two and a six, eight times for the teams. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and eighth and final time. After eight, we got the Dolphins down to the Ravens.  We got the Vikings up for trade. Let's sort this by column B by team. And while you're considering trades, let's pop this inner case open right here. Let's see which one we're gonna have to do. Five on the left side, five on the right side. Let's select a die, ooh. All fours, we'll go with the red. One, two, three for the left side, four, five, six for the right side. And it's gonna be three, so it's left side, one, two, three. So this we will save for next time, for break two, which is already up. All right, so put those squiggly marks on there so you know they're all from the same case. We're gonna pause the video, when we come back, we're gonna see if there's any trades, and then we'll have the break, stick around. All right, welcome back folks. Time to break, there were no trades. A little bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals were done, it's all good. Thanks everyone for making this happen. All right, let's see what we got in here. One thing per box, good luck. Keep track of your names for the hitless promo too.  There's Henry Ruggs, nice patch, nice auto, 92 out of 125. That is for Rosario and the Raiders. Thank you for getting in. And it's Jalen Hertz, some excellent patches, nice color, great autograph, 27 out of 99. For the Fly Eagles Fly, that's gonna be for Joe Christian. There you go, Joe. Nice, Fly Eagles Fly. Next up is DeAndre Swift, 15 out of 25. Four color patch and autograph. This quick hit is gonna go to David and Detroit. Next one, Kuzma's blonde tonight. Next is Josh Allen, nice. Five out of 25, Josh Allen autograph. For the Bills, Jaquette Watkins, Buffalo. Good hit there. All right, and last, but not least, let's see what we got. Is the R of Juju Smith Schuster, four out of five.  It's only out of five. That's pretty awesome. Nice, Pittsburgh, who's got the Steelers? That's gonna be Ryan, Ryan P with the Steelers and out of fives and under. All aboard the Big Head Express, whoop whoop. And there you have it, ladies and gentlemen, nice break. Great stuff, the Juju Smith Schuster, the Josh Allen, the Swift, the Jalen Hertz, and the Henry Rugs. That is strong. All right, now, let's grab all the sad people here and let's give away that little consolation prize. It's $20 to break credit. Delete the blank spots here. All right, so these are the hit list people. Thanks for trying, hit list peeps.  After seven times, four out of three. So it's gonna be top six, yeah, top six after seven. Good luck. One. Two. Three. Four. Five. Six. And seven in final time. After seven, there you go. Now from seven on down, hit list, and no break credit, but thanks for trying, I appreciate it. There is the second half. If you wanna give that a shot, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Top six, little consolation prizes for YouTube. Nick Stover, Brian, Brian Heyman, Ryan, Monty, and Richard. You'll get $20 to break credit each going your way, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Check your email, check your spam folders, check your other email if you still don't see it. And if you still don't see it by the next day, definitely let me know. Maybe sometimes it takes the system a while for it to send out, but I'll send it right after this break. I'm Joe, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Let's do the other half two at night. Bye-bye.