President of the United States and the Vice President. Red and butter. Well, ladies and gentlemen, not knowing whether the press is friendly or unfriendly, before I say anything else, I'm going to introduce my good friend here. A few words to you Vice President George Bush. Thank you very much. What I wanted to do is just make a very brief comment on the recent trip that I took to Europe and so many people being interested in that. The mission was twofold, one to consult and to report back to the President the innermost feelings of the leaders of Europe on the whole question of negotiations and reductions of intermediate nuclear forces. We disproved the adage that nothing can be done without leakage because the trip did work out so that I could respectfully knock on the door of the Oval Office and walk in there and tell the President the innermost feelings of seven European leaders and never having read anything about it before I had a chance to report to him in the press. So I hope we didn't make your work too difficult, but it really brought home to me that consultation like that can be important and it gave the President an opportunity to shape his remarks, his important remarks before the German elections with careful not to intervene therein but needless to say the victory of Chancellor Cole with his support for the Alliance was a significant thing for the West and I think for our objective of arms reductions because I think strongly feel that the President is on this proper path in order to achieve them. The second part of the trip in addition to the consultation was the advocacy of a highly moral arms position banning an entire generation of weapons from the face of the earth and the only argument that was used against that incidentally on this trip was well the Soviets don't like it, they won't agree to it but what we found was that the President's original zero option speech elevated the hopes of Europe and then time went by and Soviet propaganda started and the support diffused so it was interesting how a trip could seem to rally support for a fundamentally sound position and we made clear it wasn't a take it or leave it position but I do think it had the good point of emphasizing that our Alliance was together and we have a sound position a morally sound one that every kid that's out there with a sign really should be supporting and it was wonderful to be advocating that there were a few demonstrators but the last thing I want to say is that on the right-hand fender you know of the car when you take an official trip like this the American flag is flying on that fender and I've been around crowds of fair amount and you can tell but there was strong enthusiasm everywhere we went there were some demonstrators but they weren't even as hostile as we encounter right here at home sometimes you know so I just wanted you to know that because it was a thrill of my life to be in Berlin or in Rome or someplace see an Alliance that's pretty strongly well very strongly together an Alliance that is absolutely essential incidentally to the freedom that we treasure and also to being together to to for arms reduction and then just the thrill of seeing the the American flag and the respect that it still has abroad so I wanted to give you that insight into what was a I hope for this country a productive trip thank you all very very much and I will say to you what he wouldn't say about the trip believe me when George came back from Europe the Alliance was much more solid and on a sound basis he did a magnificent job over there now it's good to have you all here today you know that political consultants are always telling us us in politics to get our message out to the weeklies and dailies across the country because they're the publications that everybody pays the most attention to the ones that are read from cover to cover so I didn't want to let the opportunity go by without mentioning to you a few developments that haven't always gotten as much ink as they deserve my way certainly of the metropolitan papers we read here in Washington last week I suggested that the medium should talk more about the good news and since then a lot of people have asked me well what good news is there and I'm going to be very happy to tell you maybe some of you might even find it worthy of a sentence or two after only a year and a half of our economic recovery program it is starting to pay off for every American all the hostels to it named it Reaganomics if it works I wonder what they're going to call it but the leading indicators economic indicators are up now for eight of the last ten months and the last month's increase was the largest single increase in 33 years we've licked inflation by bringing it down from double digits to an annualized rate for the last six months of 1.4% interest rates have come down a whole 11 points from the 21.5% before we got here and down to the 10.5% today the auto and steel industry beginning to expand housing is skyrocketing economist after economist is saying that the recovery is now upon us and I just read an item today that steel has called back 20,000 laid off workers the stock market is setting new record highs in seven months it's gained 350 points and most of all real wages were up in 1982 for the first time in three years we got the economy back on track by reversing the whole momentum I think of the last four or five decades of government and for the first time in nearly 20 years the people have received a substantial tax cut the third installment is due on July 1st and then comes indexing and I would say to you that those who are talking about cancelling those over my dead body but I know they'd take me up on that we've actually slowed the upward spiral of growth in federal spending by 40% and our reforms of big spending items in the budget like entitlement programs are just beginning to have some impact and you may know that our cutbacks in federal regulations have reduced new regulations by a full one-third and the chairman of the task force who has been doing that is standing right here to my right I think you correct me if I'm wrong but I think paperwork on all the people of this country that was required because of those regulations has been reduced by about 300 million man hours of work a year so besides tax cuts and spending cuts and the deregulation efforts the change in perspective that has been brought to the federal bureaucracy is just as important for a long time the idea was that federal dollars were the property of the bureaucrats not the taxpayers and that idea went unchallenged around this town those who pointed to the misuse of those dollars were looked upon as malcontents or troublemakers and we decided to change this and we decided to change this if we could at the general services administration for example once racked by stories of scandal and waste we've put the whistleblowers back in charge and even though GSA has sustained budget cuts of 20% and an attrition of 7,000 employees its work in progress time has been cut from 30 days to 7 maybe before they got rid of the other people they were just getting in each other's way and at the general printing office we turned a three-year loss of 20 million dollars in publications into a profit over 4 million dollars last year and at the Pentagon we've located more than a billion dollars in savings and waste and over the next 7 years we'll save almost 30 billion dollars from multi-year procurement and other acquisition initiatives and this goes on our inspector generals have saved or improved the use of nearly 17 billion dollars in 18 months and I can tell you we have inspector generals that are as mean as junkyard dogs and we're going to keep them that way and the reform 88 as we call it is streamlining and modernizing the maze of federal financial and accounting systems and our private sector project has brought hundreds of experts from outside government to look at the federal departments and agencies with an eye toward efficiency and cost cutting telling us how modern business practices could be put to work in government and I was just wondering how many of you know that I'm in a publishing business also I'm in fact I stand atop a publishing empire that's bigger than Gannett's the federal the federal government spends millions of dollars a year and publications of every conceivable kind and size the federal register alone has doubled in a decade and cutting back on the unnecessary publications is one of the things that we focused on from the beginning of our administration and over 2300 publications are almost 20% of all government publications have been eliminated now these publications represent 70 million copies of unneeded or wasteful federal publications that won't be printed and I think you can imagine the kind of savings that that will mean to the taxpayer and in the area of foreign affairs we've moved a long ways George was telling you from the time of invasion of Afghanistan of hostages in Iran and retreat in the face of threats from small time dictators and totalitarian powers I believe this new note of realism in our foreign policy has made the path toward peace an easier one in fact for the first time now as George told you we're negotiating not limitations on the increase in weapons but on the actual reduction in nuclear arms and we're going to stay in those negotiations until we get a result I think all of this means that Americans today feel better about their country they believe that we have a plan and a strategy for policies both home and abroad and we do but it's important to keep in mind that our whole effort was not geared just to hire gross national product or stronger stock market but the expansion of personal freedom and opportunity lifting the stifling hand of government is leading to economic prosperity but it's also encouraging personal freedom in every sphere and it stimulates the initiative ingenuity and the striving for excellence that have always been trademarks of the American people I hope that those of you with a vested interest in the rights of free speech will keep in mind that freedom really is indivisible there isn't any S in that word any government that tries to restrict economic freedom freedom of the individual can be just as casual about other personal freedom some of them very important to people like yourselves like the right to a free press and that's been our goal the expansion of freedom coupled with the hope of making life a little more rewarding for people like yourselves and those who read your publications I mean the hard workers, the entrepreneurs and millions of Americans who take quiet pride in a daily job well done if I'm not being too boastful it indicates that we've tried to keep a promise that brought us into office a promise to make government work for the people to restore their faith in our political institutions by making sure that government acts as the servant and not the master of a people I want to close with a very pleasant duty I have to perform here Dean Lesher, where are you? Dean... Dean Hi How are you? You stand right here I know Dean Lesher is known to all of you, I know he's the most distinguished member of the newspaper and media fraternity as chairman of Lesher Communications he's shown that he is not only a first-rate businessman but a man who too, who cares about the quality of his editorial product and the people who produce it but Dean is known to me in another way because as governor of California I called upon him three times to serve the people of the state including a term as a trustee of the California State University system so it gives me a great deal of pleasure to present this award to a man who has been a success in both the private and public sectors and now I shall... the citation reads this award is presented to Dean S. Lesher with the sincere appreciation of the officers, directors and members of the National Newspaper Association in recognition of the long and distinguished leadership that he has provided to the newspaper industry through steadfastly upholding the highest principles of journalism faithfully serving the readers of his newspapers and unswervingly seeking excellence in all of his endeavors Dean S. Lesher has consistently and conscientiously proven his distinguished leadership role in the newspaper industry Congratulations I've looked around here and I know that it's going to be absolutely impossible to mingle and mix and have a dialogue with all of you and since some of your employees get to now and then throw questions at George and me you didn't know I was going to include you in that, did you? I just thought that maybe at least for a few minutes here if you weren't tired of hearing from us you might like to ask a question or two yourself I can tell you I was going to be very angry if it had gotten better but I had the worst experience a Californian could have I left that whole full week of rain and wind and cyclone that tore roofs off in Los Angeles came back here for three more days of rain back here and then went down to Florida and had to admit I was seeing the first sunshine I had seen in ten days Yes I'm not supposed to tell the boss I'm going to the Kentucky Derby Yes No, I wish him well I was there as a governor and I'm to prove to you I'm a real conservative when we'd all sit around up there and try to guess in each race who was going to come in first and so forth I waited till they got it down to two and then I'd bet on both of them to place Well, we will of course be appointing a director and I'm glad you asked because I have to tell you frankly I think that this has been disgraceful and I think when Ann Burford came to me I would never have asked her to resign although I bled for her in what she was taking but she resigned simply because she said I believe it will be impossible for the agency to continue working unless I do and we had made available virtually everything that was required or requested of us to the Congress and all we were hearing was were accusations and allegations and innuendos and she herself was the one who wanted above all to give them anything that they wanted because she felt confident enough she's done a darn good job and we've done a darn good job environmentally since we've been here and we're not going to let her leave the administration she'll have another job No, you're not going to see another Vietnam and there is no resemblance between these two and what the situation is I just made a speech to the National Association of Manufacturers this noon on this entire subject The El Salvador what we're seeing down there if you look at that map of Central America and see Nicaragua now on the mainland here in Central America as the same kind of a puppet that Cuba is and they are exporting this revolution to Nicaragua those aren't peasants that are not sending advisors that will be up there with them in any combat we have been helping them train we've only been able to help them train about one out of ten of their men and the battalions that we have trained are doing a fine job we have to call attention to the fact that this government of El Salvador yes, they have a long way to go they've got a 50-year history of military dictatorships but this is a government that was elected last March in an election by the people and this government has moved up and advanced the election of a president from next year to this year they have appointed a peace commission to see if they cannot persuade some of these people to lay down their arms and come in with full amnesty and participate in the democratic process in this election but I think the proof of their country came last March in the election we had a team of observers down there from the Congress some of them who were opposed to our aid to El Salvador and the gorillas and you know that there had been a worldwide propaganda attack that the gorillas really represented the people of El Salvador and that somehow it was the government that was the enemy but it was the gorillas who said to the people of El Salvador we'll kill you if you vote and one grandmother stood in that line and told our congressman that she had been told that she and her family would be killed and she said to the gorillas you can kill me you can kill the family you can't kill us all we'll vote and they went they destroyed over 200 buses and trucks to try and keep people from the polls but they walked to the polls they stood for as long as 8 and 10 hours in line waiting to vote one woman was shot by the gorillas and refused to leave the line for treatment until she had voted more than 80% of them went to the polls we haven't had in more than half a century 80% of our electorate go to the polls when there's no one threatening them and it's only around the corner to vote but they did that and their land reform program has been extended now for another five years 25,000 farm workers have become farm owners under this plan we think they deserve help and mainly we think we're helping ourselves because to the south of them is the Panama Canal to the north of them is Mexico with an 1,800 mile border on our country that doesn't have a single armed guard of any kind because of the long years of peace between us this will expand to Honduras to Guatemala to Costa Rica and they are the ones who told me on my trip down there that they knew it would that this was a regional thing to get that sector in the middle there and bring the Soviet type of rule into the western hemisphere and what I said in Central and South America when I was there was I know that the colossus to the north us we've presented ideas before but I was First Paper Man in Honduras recently Embassy, American Embassy people there pointed out that 90,000 plus tons of sugar is their allotment in Nicaragua to sell to the United States that the Nicaraguan Marxist government is taking that American money and buying weapons from Cuba and the Soviet Union to use against El Salvador and to use against Honduras Mr. President, is that the right way for us to buy sugar in Central America? No and we're going to do something about it Gene Kirkpatrick came back with the same message and something will be done about it I know that I put so many hands but I haven't taken anyone from this side I just take this one and then this has to be the last then someday someday George we're going to find that wherever it is that they give is that piece of paper every day that tells us what we're doing every 15 minutes of the day Well like any compromise no one is completely happy with it no one's really happy with it but what we have done is remove the fiscal threat that was hanging over it we can guarantee that the checks are going to go out and I think that all in all I think it was worth voting and the amendment that was put on yesterday extending after the year 2000 the age, the minimum age limit from 65 to 67 to be phased in over a several year period I think it's a good sound idea also and I was delighted to see it passed because that was one political football that we needed to get kicked out of the stadium so we could get on with the business of government and it's gone Well now I... I'll answer that Well it's going to be 50-50 No I'll tell you I think there's a time and place for that decision to be made and to be announced if you do it too early you're a lame duck if you go one way and if you do it the other way then everything you try to do you're accused of doing it for political purposes and besides I've always believed that if you wait a while the people tell you whether you should run again or not


Okay, let's jump into it. Welcome, thank you for coming. I know this has been a long and intense week and thank you for choosing to spend your last hour of session with me. What I'm gonna do is I'm gonna, first of all, explain a little bit about who I am. And also, I'm just gonna go over what I wanna do in the presentation, just so that you can be sure that this is the one you want to be in. So, who am I? I'm a user interface systems architect with my Planet Digital based in Toronto. They're a wonderful design and technology company that are very, very committed to excellence in user experience. And that's why I'm there because it's a very, very hospital atmosphere for being productive along those lines and that's my passion. So, thank you my planet for being there. What does it mean to be a user interface systems architect? Well, what it means is I've got two heads. The first head has big ears because it likes to listen to users. And what I mean by that is I like to put myself into a deep empathy with users to find out as much as possible about what they're doing as they use applications so that I can help them have better experiences doing that. The other head, a propeller head, is a software developer. So, I've actually spent a couple of, well over two decades doing software development and pretty much I think two decades doing usability design and whatever the current phrase is to describe that kind of work, user interface or user experience. So, the idea is that there's two kinds of consciousness that I like to try and fuse, try to bring together. I like to bridge the gap between those two perspectives. So, you'll see some of that in this presentation. What I wanna do in this presentation is open two doors. Behind the first door is a warm and sunny place where users are happy and they're happy because they can comprehend their user interfaces. Behind the other door is where developers build components for user interfaces. Now, if we can open both those doors, I would like to think that we could have new conversations about how to bring the values, the perspectives, the needs and so on from the door there, the sunny place into this room so that developers can actually build the components in a way that is actually easy that does help users comprehend those interfaces. That's the goal, that's the goal of this presentation. To do that, I wanna present you with two keys. The first key is the concept of user narratives and that will touch on one of my big passions, role-oriented UX design. I'll be touching on what that is. Also, the idea of idioms, which is really a way of looking at language beyond language as English, French, native language, that kind of thing. And then also talking about the, what do I mean by narratives in terms of real life and what do I mean by narratives in terms of user interface design? It involves roles and idioms. It's gonna get a drink. So, the second key is some critical technical information that helps explain things that would be useful. If you care about how words get on the screen, I want to show you how that happens from a technical point of view. It won't be complicated, it won't be deep, it won't be difficult. I guarantee you'll be able to understand it. And I also want to talk about how, from a user experience design point of view, it's really important to organize the words that get on the screen because that's part of the dimension of user experience design. I also need to touch on this, the fact that Drupal currently excludes that dimension of user experience design from those designers. From that, we'll get into it. And then finally, I want to touch on an alternative approach, which is actually inclusive of that perspective from the user experience design perspective. So that's what I'm gonna be doing. If you want these two keys, please stay. If you don't, then there's still time to go and catch something else, so you're welcome to make that adjustment. Let's go ahead and switch. So first, I want to talk about three fundamental concepts from the user experience point of view. These are sort of three tricks of the trade that I use routinely. The first is a good definition of usability. From my point of view, usability is simply the lack of suffering on the part of the user. That's why I like this image, the image of barbed wire dancing shoes, because of course, if you were to use them, it would hurt, you would be suffering. It's a good visual metaphor for the scenario that we're trying to avoid in terms of UX design. The next thing is the concept of usage context. I use this symbol, this is kind of my mascot, because it defines for me the meaning of functionality. Functionality has no meaning outside of the usage context. This, the function of the traffic cone, is absolutely meaningless outside of its usage context. It simply is there to point to all the things around it. So to me, it's a very handy symbol, and you'll see that coming up through the presentation where I'm wanting to draw your attention to usage context. And the last thing, the main weapon, is these two questions. If you want to do user experience analysis, these are very, very useful questions. Who is the user, what are their tasks? They're very simple questions, but if you've done user experience design, you'll know they're often very difficult to answer, but they're very important. So through the presentation, I want to make reference to a project that we're doing at my plant. It's still underway. We're still in the process of doing it. And it's basically a registration system for music exams in two countries. That's Canada and the US. In Canada, it's with the Royal Conservatory of Music. And the same system exams are being used by Carnegie Hall for the Retreatment Program in the US. We've built two websites at my planet, separate websites, there's two contexts of usage. Now the main thing is, they both share this. The business of selling exams is a core part of their business. So the registration for exams has to be very easy, because if it's not, people will drop out of the process and they will lose money, or they will call customer support and it will be a drain on their resources. So there's an economic factor in both those things. So it's very important that we get that process right. And the other thing which is very important here is that there's different user types. And that's gonna come up a lot through this presentation. So the US situation is actually, it's a smaller population of students. And that's where we've begun the process of in terms of building the pilot project. And this is what we've built. And before we got there, we actually prototyped it. We had a very richly interactive prototype that we used to sort of proof the concept of the main function of the registration interaction system. And from that, we built this site. I'll just give you a quick video tour of what that looks like from this point of view. So people coming there, they get into the registration through that gateway. They declare who they are. Are they a student registering for themselves? Are they a parent registering for their children? Or are they a teacher registering on behalf of their students? Now, these are checkboxes. They could theoretically be all of those things. As they press those checkboxes, the user interface itself is extended to provide new tabs. And under those tabs are the interfaces that they use to begin the registration process from that perspective, from that individual perspective. Now, they all funnel back into this common wizard that takes you through those steps of basically identifying who you are, picking the exam that you want to take, choosing time and date that you'd like to take it on, and then heading off to the checkout page to pay for it. That's it. That's what we were trying to do. And that's what we want to be really, really simple. So we did user testing on this. And we learned a couple of things, well, a few things, but in two categories. Some was structural. Some was just about how is the arrangement of the elements and the interaction methods that we use. We learned things about how to improve that. There also were a lot of things about the language that was used in the interface as well that sort of gets people through it. And that's what I want to focus on. And here I want to play a couple of clips which are basically very, very articulate feedback from one of the testers. I didn't pay him, but he did actually say precisely what we needed to hear in terms of the feedback around these issues. So it's really, really excellent sound clips that I want to hear. So hopefully this will work. So this is the, so I've got two of these. You won't be able to see it. I didn't make it big enough for you to see because it's not about seeing it, it's about listening. Founding school is, I'll leave it blank. So I don't know if that's the school I teach at as the teacher, or if that's the school that the student goes to. Yeah, well, because I don't know what an assessment is in a way. I mean, I'm assuming it's like, I sort of can work it out, but I wouldn't have like, schedule an exam. I mean, here we're trying to book an exam and really everything is worded around assessment. I would not think exam for an assessment. But if there was a log as to what all of these things meant and maybe a glossary of terms so we could find out what founding school meant. If you have a user asking for a glossary of terms, you know you have a problem. So that's what we're trying to solve, right? So terminology was one of the big issues and then there's another one. Summarize again what your overall impression is. Needs to change for each type of person. But if I'm a teacher, I would want to see the words that say register my student. Yeah. The language, since I'm a teacher and I had to, the language was written for the student and not for the teacher. Yeah, because I'm not, because I'm trying to do something as a teacher and all of the words are guiding students rather than teachers. So I don't know if it makes sense to have three different types of language that click up when you see student parent teacher. Because there are three different positions in the information stream. So here he's picking up on the fact that there are different types of users and that he was being spoken to from the wrong angle. He was being spoken to as a student and he's not a student. It didn't make sense to him and he was very frustrated by that. So those are the two major issues that we're trying to address. So really it's about the language but it's about the language from the point of view of going beyond the native language it's not English, it's not French, it's not German, et cetera. It's about idioms and whatever is involved in association with speaking to someone is playing a particular role. So I want to go into those two areas just to clarify some more details about that. So in terms of idioms, let's just take a quick look at that. We want this to be comfortable. If we have unfamiliar terms in the interface it's not comfortable. We've got barbed wire shoes. If we have generic terms which is often a solution in UX design because you want to make it fit for everybody but I would say that's equally uncomfortable because it's not speaking in a resonant kind of way. If we have familiar terms, then it's comfortable. At which point we've achieved our nirvana as UX designers the entire interface becomes invisible. No one notices. That's the best we can hope for. Other than that, it's pain. We want no pain. We want people to just go dancing. Roles. Life is a sequence of roles. Roles happen all the time. Roles are about what your mind is focused on at a given time and that's constantly shifting. So a given day might be something like this. I'm cooking breakfast. I walk the dog. I'm commuting to work. I'm emailing. I'm not really a music student but I could be in a music student and if I am I may at some point want to take an exam so I become an exam candidate and I want to register for them. So in order to fulfill roles like this we also need tools. So the kind of tools we need to cook breakfast, we might need a stove and a toaster. To walk a dog, we might need a leash and a dog. To be a commuter we need something like a subway train. So all of these things are outside things that we need to carry out those roles. So the objective and the capability of role-oriented design is to supply the right tools at the right time.  So the point is you wouldn't do that but why in terms of user interface would we throw up all of the tools that someone could possibly use in one space and expect them to get through it? The whole point behind role-oriented design is that you wouldn't do that. Just the right tools, nothing missing and nothing in excess. That's the objective. The other thing about role-oriented design, this is my other brain speaking, is it actually provides a very good pathway between those two doors. From that sunny spots where the user should be to the back room where the developers are, role-oriented design provides a pathway that informs, it shines light from one space into the other. Let's just follow it through quickly. So here's all our users on the outside. Mary is a music teacher. She does exam registration for her students. She's a music examiner as well and she's been doing that for so long that she's now an exam center representative. Those are all various roles that she could play. The one I want to look at is exam registration and that consists of a set of tasks. She wants to manage her student list so that she can decide who she's dealing with in this session. She picks out a student from there. She then assigns the exam selection that that student should be taking, makes the booking and pays on their behalf and presumably she'll build them afterwards. And in order to do that, she has the tools on the screen to get through all those tasks. Now I like to call these things screenware. All these things that appear on the screen is like software, it's like hardware, it's screenware and it's something to consider in terms of tools or tool sets, which things do you need and which things don't you need. So the nice thing about that too then is that once you're looking at screenware from the point of view of the tools, there's a relationship between those elements on the screen and the information architecture which is behind the screen which the user doesn't really see in an explicit way except through these kinds of representations. And from the IA point of view, it doesn't take very long to get into the actual data itself, that's where it all lives. Of course you'd go through something like a view screen or some kind of means of extracting that data from the database. So role-oriented design has an impact on all these layers, what it looks like on the screen, the layout and so on, the information architecture, how that's shaped, the data retrieval methods, the kind of views you might construct and even perhaps the data structures themselves. So we want light from the user's perspective, the user's world to shine all the way through these layers so that it can actually be shaped properly in such a way that it makes it comfortable and comprehensible for those users. So let's get into the narratives. Connect a few dots to define what that means. So user narrative, basically I said it involves idioms so we have to look at it from the point of view of the terminology differences. So this is a critical factor. In Canada, we register for exams. In the US, we register for assessments. What we did cruelly was we tested a Canadian with the American application and that's why he was so confused. He didn't understand the language but it did point out the importance of getting that language right. And then we have to handle roles. A good way to look at roles is in terms of mindsets. We have three. We have the student, we have the parent, we have the teacher and the mindsets are register me, register my child or register my students. They're quite different, they're subtle. It's a subtle difference but they are different. Enough different that it confused our user and he spoke verbally or extensively about that. And of course they're all different usage contexts. So life, if life is a set of changing roles, if it's a set of shifting mindsets, it probably doesn't look like this in graphic terms. It probably looks more like this. Our consciousness is shifting from one set of tasks, one set of goals to another. So in very crude graphical terms, it looks like a wavy line, not a flat line. Now applications try to mimic that in a way. So they try to accommodate these mindsets to a degree that people will sort of resonate with it but unfortunately doesn't always work out because it's actually going to a different pattern. And we need to understand why that happens. This is where it hurts. Role-oriented designs allow this harmonization to take place between the narratives, the user narratives within the application and the narratives of real life that the user is simply passing through. Now within the Drupal UX community we have some obstacles for this. One is it's inconvenient but it's there. The Drupal defines roles differently than I'm using it. It defines roles as sets of permissions. That may seem like a small thing but I think actually it's just one of those things where it's an unfortunate sort of lack of power of use of that term. Permission sets are fixed for any given user. Roles because they're shifting mindsets can change constantly. So if you're trying to design a user interface that accommodates those shifting mindsets, it doesn't make sense to use a fixed reference point. You cannot do it from that fixed set of permissions. You have to look at it from the point of view of what are the shifting goals, the shifting task sets that they're trying to get through. Drupal also doesn't support the ability to express idiomatically. And that's something I want to go into. And this is where we get, we pick up the other key. This is where we're gonna get into a little bit of technical stuff. What is a string? I'm just curious, does anybody know what I mean when I say what is a string? Could you raise your hand if you do know? And if you don't know, could you raise your hand? Okay, glad you came. This is a string. A string is basically just a set of characters bounded between quotes and these are the things that end up on the screen. That's kind of the formal structure of it. Now, here's a thought experiment. If we think of strings, we have to of course think of words which of course is related to thoughts. If we think about the kinds of thoughts that we have in our heads in this room, there might be certain words that are sort of more common in all of our heads compared to another room next door where they're talking about perhaps Drupal security or even theming. There are different kind of resonant spots in terms of the terms and sort of population densities and so on. So I use this metaphor, this grass metaphor, to describe the idea that thoughts actually come in clusters. And so therefore, so with the words, so with all the terminology and so on. And if we look at it from the point of view of what I see role-oriented strings being organized like, they would be in these kinds of groups where you can see some kind of self-consistency. But in Drupal, if you were to look at where the strings are arranged, it looks like this. This presents a kind of practical problem for you UX designers in that there's no systematic way to go in there and fine-tune any of those strings because it's basically a hunt and destroy mission individually one at a time. And that's not cost-effective and it's not likely to happen. So therefore, the wrong strings end up on the screen. So what do we do about that? Let's go into it a little bit deeper and see if we can find a way towards a solution. Strings have a secret life. There's the strings that you can see on the front of the screen, that's what the users see. And there's strings on the inside behind the screen on the inside of the code that users never see. This is an example, plucked out of the code in Drupal. The string on the left, founded in quotes, is the word name. As a user, you wouldn't see that. On the right, in quotes, is the words blog entry. That's what you're gonna see. So there it is, that's where I got it from. And you can see all those red words on the left are the words that are internal. And these are the words that developers care very much about. The words on the right, which are blue, are the ones that get on the screen. And you can see, for example, the second one there, it's actually HTML. HTML is basically one long string. So the thing is, these code strings, the red ones, should never change unless there's some kind of functional change intended by the developer. I think of them more as nails. You knock them into place to hold things together in a specific way, and if you change that, things fall apart and it breaks. So you can't change those strings. On the other hand, the strings on the outside, the blue ones, have to be flexible. Otherwise, we'll never achieve those comfort levels. So by definition, we have to be able to modify those. They're quite different in nature and character. There's a logical problem. And that is that all of those strings are really red because they're all inside the code. They're all inside that field of grass that I was talking about. And therefore, they're generally inaccessible to UX design processes because it's really too difficult to manage them like that. So this could be a complete disaster, except for one thing. From early on, Drupal has made itself a goal to dominate the world, which of course required that it has the capacity to speak in different languages. So it does have a very strong language translation function called the T function. So if you look at this again, you'll notice that the blue string on the right is actually embedded inside a T function. What that means is that you can find them and you can translate them. But you can't translate them into idioms or role-based perspectives like that. You can't nuance them to that degree. Just change them from English to French to Spanish or whatever. So in terms of our exam registration system, that presents a bit of a problem. Here's the T function dimension. We have the original words, my examination. Then we have a French equivalent. I'm not gonna try and pronounce these. And a German one and a Spanish one. That's how it works right now with Drupal. That's the T function basically in terms of the space of the words. Already, as soon as we take on the task of building this site to work in America in the US, we have a problem because they use different terms. And the T doesn't really accomplish that. It's not designed to. So the idiomatic dimension is missing. It gets even more complex when you consider those roles. That each of these sets of terms, each of these pairs of terms in each language also has to be modified to be comfortable for the actual role, the mindset of the type of user. So we actually got a lot of things to look after here to make it comfortable in all instances. So why have we just restricted ourselves to that one dimension of language translation? I think it's just because it's been hidden, because those strings are in the code and people that care about that perhaps don't know it. That's one reason why I'm giving this presentation. There's also a convenience factor from the development point of view. It is a bit convenient or it's considered convenient to be able to just type those words in as you're busy doing the rest of your work and you don't have to do anything very complicated. But there's a problem with convenience. This is convenient for situations like this. But we know in extended use, it's a different matter. It means these things are actually a bad idea. Now the equivalent here, where we've seen this before, we have seen this before, because not only have embedded strings, we have embedded styles, we have embedded scripts, history, we know that the graphic designers would not allow embedded styles to happen now. We know that interaction designers would not allow embedded JavaScript to happen now. What I'm saying is that embedded strings are no different. That's the kind of situation we're talking about. So if we want to go into those other dimensions, we have to go beyond the T function. So I wanna describe how we've approached this with our application at my planet to address that real problem that we need to fix with the usability. So basically the idea is to extract these strings from the code. We need to go on a rescue mission. Pull them out of there. And we do that by substituting, not user-facing through, we substitute for that, what I would call semantic keys. What I mean by semantic keys is that they do two things. They describe the usage context for this string, and they link the internal code to an external file, in our case we used a file, where the strings are actually defined. So we produce something like this. So what I mean by semantic is that you can tell when it says label underscore blog that it's probably a label, and it probably has something to do with blog. You don't have to really guess too much of that. And therefore it's not a big surprise to see the blue words, blog entry associated with that. Then we have another one, label first name. It's obviously a label that's associated with an input that gathers the person's first name. Same with label last name. Then we have a prompt. We ask a question on the screen. Are you male or female? We have prompt gender. Then we have a couple of answers that they could possibly give. Option underscore gender underscore male, and then the equivalent for female. So there's the semantic sort of meanings on the left that actually I think is very easy from the developer point of view to simply describe those things as you're doing the rest of the logic of your code. You don't have to think about the meaning and the nuance of what the user should be seeing there. When we saw that graph where the wavy line wasn't jiving with the user's real life, it's because the developer puts their mindset into the user interface, because that's what they're forced to do in this system. That's why it disconnects from the user experience. So we also need to help the developers here as well. I think this could be equally helpful for them. Certainly I found it that way in my own experience. So we can also handle the role dimension through the use of what is called a variable. So that thing over the very far right dollar sign role is basically like a little box. And in that box, it will be strings and the string could be, it's gonna be one of student, parent, or teacher. And that is glued to the piece on the left where it says label, blog, underscore, underscore, and that little dot there glues those two things together. So you end up with these kinds of things. Label blog is our original one. Then you can actually modify that string through this system without changing the code. You can get access to a student version where it says student's blog entry and a teacher version, which says teacher's journal or whatever you want it to say. You can change those blue strings without risking breaking the code without having to change the code whatsoever. So that means the strings are freed and accessible to UX design. So we've got these two usage contexts. We're dealing with idioms, we're dealing with roles. We end up with basically these kinds of strings for that one expression, my examination. We've got it in two languages in Canada. We've got English and French. Two languages in the US, English and Spanish. And we've got the three role sort of expressions of it. Now we've done that through a module. It's a module I wrote, we call it the user narratives module. And I'll just explain very quickly how it works. It's really, its job is to help us organize those strings. So this is where the grass is. It's all in there in the random order. Core and contrib modules. We want them to basically look like this where we can get to them and tune them nicely. What we do is we build a custom adapter module and we use the user narrative module to basically root things through to where the strings files are. I should explain, the custom adapter module is simply, it is custom. This is not a generic solution. This is where we're at. It's just simply a custom solution. It's using the form API, which is basically going through all the input forms, pulling out the specific strings that we want to change and then rooting them through to a different place. And that different place is something that the user experience designer can look at, evaluate, discuss with the client and get those strings exactly right for the situation. So we don't have to touch code. So update on the project. This is one, I'll just briefly touch on it. This is one area where it's the student's perspective. Just before the registration wizard, this is how they would launch it. There's a register now button there. It's a fairly straightforward, simple interface. It's a button and basically a list of previous exams or pending requests for exams. But when we get to the parent, it's a bit different. We have a list and on the left, it says manage your family list. So it speaks to the parent in their language. It says, does the family member have a student ID? And it says something which I can't quite read about the student's name, about the child's name, sorry. And for the teacher, it changes the language to manage your student list. Does the student have a student ID? Add new students. So it's just speaking in the right terms for that role. It's not huge, it's not a huge difference, but it's just enough to make it comfortable. We're just shaving those pointy bits off the shoes here. So that's basically it. That's the concept. Those are the keys. Hopefully the doors are open. And what I'd like to see now is if we, using this knowledge, could now start to have new discussions about this concept to see, is it generally valuable? And if so, what can we do in terms of evolving Drupal to allow us as UX designers to have access to those two additional dimensions? So that's my presentation. I think I should do this bit too, that I think you're supposed to do your homework here. You go to that place. If you like it, go to this place and give us your feedback. If you don't like it, you're 45 minutes late for the session and you should have been in. So yeah, I think we still got time for questions. So if anybody would like to do that. When you put the string into a specific file to define separately, how do you handle the search? Speaking from what point of view? Me as a developer or me as a user experience designer? As a user, try to click search on the web. So because the string defined separately, so the search engine need to handle that? Well, because it's basically a resource file that the user experience designer has access to. In a text editor, you could simply look through and find the string that you want or you could search within that. It's just a text file. So I've never actually experienced a problem with that. And from the developer point of view, it also works because when you're looking at the code, you see the semantic key and if you do a search through your directories for definitions for that, I found it relatively easy. I haven't seen a problem with that. Thanks for that. I had a question which is generally, I needed some information. I don't know if this is the right place to ask but it's really quick. I also had a similar problem in which I'm trying to make sure that I don't actually check out or do geo IP to check where the user's coming from. But I want to make sure that the language is suitable for American English users and British English users. And so I was confused how to do this because I was actually thinking, should I use Google translate API and translate everything on a Chrome or how do you actually approach this problem? Well, first of all, this technique I should say comes from a desktop application building. I used to work for commercial desktop vendors and this was the standard practice and there we would actually treat that in the same way as we treat translation, we translate to different languages as well. So it kind of handled both those things at once. One story I've heard in terms of the English versus American, for example, is that Amazon I think had this problem where the word shipping didn't work in the UK. It just didn't make sense because we'd say delivery. And it's always small things like that. But as they add up, it alienates the user and they get confused. So the idea is again, remove those pointy bits and just make it comfortable. So I think this type of approach is required across the board basically if we're serious about delivering that degree of comfort to all our users. So this is great in terms of functionality. I'm just thinking if you have a very content heavy side and I'm talking about something that's content created and edited by users, is there automation behind this? You know, why should, yeah. Yeah, that's actually a different, that's a different problem. And this doesn't address that at all. This is really about user interface strings as opposed to content. Do you know anything on that front that could possibly work with this module? For content? Yeah, yeah, just the automation of translation. No, I'm afraid I don't actually. But hopefully maybe somebody else does. But no, I've only looked at it from the point of view of the structural strings in the interface. But yeah, it's probably generally a problem. And I think it always needs some degree of attention. And search engines are great to help us reduce the amount of time we need to spend on it. But ultimately we have to take responsibility for those things. Thanks for your question. My question is more from the UI designer standpoint in speaking to your users and what you were saying about idioms in the language. You basically use the term role in two different ways, how Drupal defines roles with permissions and then how the UI designer would define the role from the user's perspective. We have a very similar situation to what you've demonstrated here. And we reached a lot of the same conclusions as you did. Identify who you're registering first is it yourself, your child, whoever, and start from there. One thing I'm stumbling over is the use of the term role. Have you been in a situation where you've had to expose the term role? For example, if you're registering your child and they have three different roles to choose from, I've stumbled over the word role. I'm just uncomfortable exposing that word to a user in the context of our application. Have you run into that? My interpretation of the word role is it's kind of like shop talk. It's not something I'd want to expose. Yeah, same thing here. And I haven't found the work around for that word to expose to the user. I think it's an important concept. But I see it as it always translates to something very specific. For example, in our case here, it's register me, register my child, register. There's always some specific expression which is natural to the narrative aspect, the mindset. And so I don't think there's need to actually expose the word in that kind of abstract way. We just have to focus on what is the flow of thought that's probably gonna be happening. And of course that we can measure by talking to actual users. Okay, yeah, so we probably just need to reword like we've got a screen that says, choose the role you want to register for. Player, coach, volunteer, blah, blah, blah. So we just need to look at getting that out of there. Yeah, I think it's not uncommon. As you can probably see the story I've been telling here is that those words, when they are defined as part of the development process, what happens naturally is development terms leak out onto the screen and that's what often confuses users. What I'm suggesting here of course is let's put a buffer in there and let's take control of that language. Great, thank you. Thanks. In your module or in your implementation, do you see, I mean, do you see a, it looks like what we need here is a parallel. So you have roles in Drupal and then you have, for lack of a better term, now narratives. And if you could add narratives like you could add roles and possibly a narrative could, somebody could have two different narratives and have bunches of different roles and now with fieldable entities and all that they can have. We could do that. But are you working toward that or where are you on that? I think, yes, I've been wanting to work towards this for years. I've used the module in other websites before just because it seemed to be the right thing to do. For example, a year ago I had a situation where we did something for science fair projects and we found out at the last minute that the students that were registering their science fairs were actually much younger than we realized. We thought it was high school, it was actually junior school and the teacher gave us a feedback. They won't understand these words because we use slightly technical, slightly complex words. It was no problem to change it. We had the string resource file. We simply changed it. We didn't have to break the code. We didn't have to risk breaking the code. It's just a very useful tool in that sense and I think it helps de-risk all those things. In terms of where it could go, I don't know. This is the first kind of coming out of the closet in the Drupal community, right? So we'll have to see where it goes. If people want it, then hopefully that snowballs and that is registered. We still would then have to deal with the technical things and how to keep developers happy because there's obviously a change for the developer experience and we don't want to break that because most of them are volunteers anyway, right? So we have to be careful on both sides. But for now, the idea is just to put out here and get those discussions going. First, thank you. Very excellent presentation. One of the issues that I think that one of the other questioners was asking that I also have a trouble with is we have a large website for multiple users. How do you get to the point where you can understand which narrative they're coming from? I think it's talking to them, isn't it? It's always starts from that and if we have the time and budget to do that, it's much better, I think, isn't it? Because they always, and that's why that one head has big ears, right? That's where it really starts, isn't it? So they will give clues. You can't take, I don't think, you probably find this as well. I don't think we can take users literally when they ask for things. You really have to sort of step back a bit and see what's the goal, not what was the expression of the goal. And I think all of that is part of the design process and that's where you start to formulate a sense of, okay, generally, are there clusters of user types that we can give a name to and ultimately assign it to a variable like that one we had? So from a user interface perspective, how would you ask the user to self-identify as, for instance, we're at a university or a college, a faculty member or a staff person or a student? I think it really gets down to asking them at a very high level about their goals. What are you trying to do? What gets in your way? And then certainly we'd want to avoid asking them how they use a given application because that's probably a workaround. So couch it in terms of in an ideal world, in that sunny place, what would life be like as you carry out your job or do your entertainment, whatever it is, right? And then listening attentively to that to see what are the patterns that are suggested. Especially if you do, I mean the pattern's coming from multiple people, of course, like you'd see something in common and that's what you can actually build upon, I think. Thank you. Thanks. From a prior session, we were looking at entities and fields and how all that's changing. And one of the thoughts that came in my mind when you were talking about this was fields are fieldable now. So that might be a possible solution for an implementation of something like this. Yeah, I'm not gonna say I know a lot about fields. I haven't had a chance to look at the fields API yet, but I'm very excited about the idea that you can get into that degree of articulation of data. I think that's really a good thing. So I have two questions. The first question is, you said that a person could log in and have multiple roles. How do you deal with something like that? Well, what we did was we used parallel sort of interface mechanism like check boxes as opposed to radio buttons or dropdown selectors and then tabs within a reasonable number. You can afford the real estate to do that. We could fit three additional tabs in that space. I've had other, the thing about roles is that there's always some form of role switching. There's always some point at which the user changes hats. I've designed other interfaces where there was a dropdown system, a dropdown menu where they could look at things from quite different points of view, but it was expressed in terms that would relate to their jobs. So I'm gonna do this now and then the user interface changes somewhat to allow, changes the tool set. So there is a kind of a conscious switch on the part of the user, I think. In this case, we're picking it up on the implicit decision. When they go to a tab that's labeled accordingly, my family or whatever, my students, there's an implicit role selection there and then we keep that knowledge inside the system and then that's what flavors the common wizard that they all share in the appropriate way. So it's kind of like a default role that you... I think you do have to build for defaults as well. But ideally you wouldn't let that leak out too much. Right, right. The second is, is this gonna be a project on Drupal.org? Oh, I meant to mention, if people are interested, we'd certainly be happy to contribute the module and set out doing whatever follow-up tutorials or sort of helping out with that that we can do. So if people are interested in that, let me know after and we'll know. I think it'd be a good contribution. Thanks. Sorry, I'm not tall enough. No, the microphone is too tall. Yeah, so I just had a question. I'm from a university and I'm interested in using this for our faculty and students, but I'm wondering is there, do you see any problem in terms of instruction? So if a faculty member has a different view and they're trying to teach the student how to use the website, they'll have to learn both sites or both language and idioms. So do you have any suggestions on how to overcome that or do we just tell them too bad? You have to learn both. I may be misunderstanding this, but what I'm thinking that has to happen first is you need to have a developer build that custom module. Well, yeah. Okay. I'm assuming that after. Okay. So then the other part is again to have the conversations with the teachers, right? And with the students and to find out what their expressions are, what are their word sets. And then to identify the points, you can do it with user testing. If you already have something to test or it's a mock-up, you can do it that way as well. But find out where all those difficult spots are and identify those as the strings that you want to actually modulate. And then that's what your developer would focus on doing. I don't know if I answered your question though. Thank you. Okay, thanks. Any more questions? Well, thank you so much. I really appreciate you coming and staying through the whole thing. Thanks a lot. Thank you.


Thank you. Thank you very much. I have just read a clipping this morning from the United Press that shows how the private sector is spreading and things of this kind in philanthropy that the first lady of the Soviet Union has been named to the board of directors of a private and privately financed group in the Soviet Union. So you – but I appreciate this opportunity to be with you today in recognition of one of America's greatest national treasures, the spirit of philanthropy that is so evident among our people. When I was a lad growing up in the Midwest, Dixon, Illinois, we took this to be Americanism. And each and every one of us knew that what kind of town we had and what kind of country we had was all up to us. And although we were not as well off as many in town, my mother was always involved in projects for the less fortunate. She could always find somebody that was worse off than we were. I can still remember doing a little baking of pies and cakes and then finding out with quite some disappointment that they were for the sick lady down the street. Just like every other kid in our town, I was a beneficiary of this spirit of community. I did a lot of talking about this out in the campaign. Part of it for me meant being a member of the YMCA Boys Band. I was the drum major. And during the recent election, there'd be some high school bands at the political rallies. And I would tell some of these young people a story about what happened to me in that band. We were invited to go to a smaller town nearby on Memorial Day and to march in the parade. And we found out that we were at the head of the parade.  And we started off down the street. And I'm with that baton, which was bigger than I was. And suddenly he rode back down the parade line to make sure that everything was coming along all right. And I'm going down the street leading the band. And the music began to sound a little faint. And I sneaked a glance back. He had caught up with the front of the parade just in time to turn the band down an intersection. And I was walking up the street all by myself. I cut across backyards and so forth and scrambled to get in front of the band about another block away. Well, over the last decade, I think the American people didn't like where they were being led. Philanthropy and personal involvement were giving way to federal programs and bureaucratic solutions. I remember as a governor, one of the nearby states had a most successful in its leading city program for preventing dropouts in high school. And then the government came along with a program. And its first task was it just simply did away with that very successful private program in that nearby city. Right from the start, I think one of the major goals of our administration has been to reinvigorate the American spirit of neighbor-helping neighbor. We made encouraging private sector initiatives part of our agenda at the White House. And wherever I speak, I try to bolster local campaigns and give a well-earned pat on the back to some great Americans. And of the accomplishments of this administration, one of which I'm most proud, is the success that we've had in this area. Over these last six years, we've witnessed an outpouring of charitable giving, volunteerism and community spirit that was beyond our wildest expectations. The figures are in for the period from 1980 through 1985. Total charitable giving in that period increased by 82 percent. The figures for last year, 1985, which are the latest statistics show that giving was at an all-time high, almost $80 billion exceeding the 1984 record high by almost $6 billion. And during a time of low inflation, these are figures that indicate tangible change for the better going on in our society. Furthermore, people are donating their time. More than 89 million Americans volunteered their time and effort and talent in 1985. Other countries who have been paying attention to the job creation and economic expansion going on in the United States have begun to realize the importance of the figures that we've just been discussing. And I'm very pleased that 10 days from now, this subject will be discussed at an international conference in Paris, France, which my Board of Advisors on Private Sector Initiatives is hosting. They, from abroad, brought it up. They want to find out what it is and how we do it. Paris is a fitting place for the meeting because it was a young Frenchman named Alexis de Tocqueville who first noticed this laudable part of the American character when he toured our country back in the 1830s. And now I know what some of you are thinking. I didn't point this out to de Tocqueville. He recorded this all on his own. But clearly it's something that Americans have always been proud about and this conference will give us a chance to share our experience with the rest of the world. Tomorrow marks National Philanthropy Day. For the first time in our nation's history, a day has been specifically designated to pay tribute to this fine American tradition. Philanthropy, as you know, is defined as an affection for mankind. And I think this benevolence flows from human freedom. It's when people are helping one another, not because they're taxed or coerced into it, but because they want to, that concern for one's fellow man becomes part of a nation's soul. And also from freedom flows a desire for peace. I was trying to capture that last night when I addressed the nation about some of the issues surrounding our dealings with the government of Iran. Our relations with the Islamic Republic of Iran have been almost nonexistent for these last seven years. During this time there's been turmoil in the Middle East and an incredibly destructive war between Iran and Iraq, a tragedy of monumental proportions. All the speculation in the media notwithstanding, our dealings with Iranian officials have been aimed at bridging the rivers of animosity and hostility that separate our countries and at using our influence to bring a just peace to the region. That the Iranians have used their influence to help free American hostages in Lebanon has been a bonus that has come with the opening of these channels of communication and encouraging first step and a show of good faith in the part of Iranian officials. Now that the veil of secrecy has been lifted, the unfounded rumors laid to rest, I think most Americans will approve of our efforts to better relations between our countries and rejoice that it has resulted in the freeing of some of our fellow citizens who had been hostages. All that has been accomplished can be laid to courageous diplomacy. We have and will continue to pursue every possible option to remove the causes of terrorism. In short, we will talk when talking is productive and will be firm when firmness is required. But when terrorism does occur, we will act decisively against those who are responsible. There has not been and will not be any ransom for hostages. Let there be no doubt the United States does not pay tribute to terrorists. So with that point made, I want to thank all of you for being here today and for all that you've done to make this a better country and a better world. I know that Anne Asher of my private sector initiative, his board of advisors is ready to carry on this discussion. So I'll do what the little girl in her letter to me said after she told me all the things I should do after I was elected president and then added a P.S. and says now get over to the Oval Office and go to work. Thank you all. God bless you.


This is stock number 10707. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and use Dodge and Dodge Charger headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2013 Dodge Charger SRT8 Super B. This vehicle has the 6.4 liter V8 Hemi 392 engine which pumps out 470 horsepower. Plum crazy, purple is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. If you want to check out all the pictures on this car in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link right to our website. Click that and check us out there. Comes with the 20 inch painted and polished aluminum rims. Brembo brakes on here has continental extreme contact tires. These are two 4545 CR20s and they have a pretty decent amount of tread left on them. I'd say probably 60% of the tread left on those tires. Front fender, excellent condition. You can see dents or dings on that. It does come with the HID headlamps, the projector lamp fog lamps. The front bumper is in excellent shape and it does have that nifty license plate holder on there that actually license plate doesn't even touch the front bumper so it's not going to damage it. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. The hood is in excellent shape.  Didn't see any dents on the hood. Passengers side fender is in nice shape as well and the passenger side rim I didn't see any scuffs or scrapes on it. As you go down this side of the car take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror-like that paint is and we take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle you can see the vehicle hear the vehicle and have confidence in what you're looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises and that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. You link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise the trade all from the comfort of your own home so when you get here you'll be all set to go. No scuffs on the back rim and the back tires have just as much tread as those front tires maybe even a little bit more and you do get the Brembo that breaks back here as well rear quarter is in nice shape you get the Super B stickers on the back it has an SLP performance exhaust system sounds really good the rear bumper is in really nice shape I didn't see any dense dings scuffs on that backup parking sensors the LED racetrack tail lamps all the way across here the spoiler is in really nice shape too the trunk area is very clean and this is also where your battery and tire inflator kit are those seats do fold down for extra storage trunk shots nice and solidly and as you go down this side of the car just as clean as that passenger side no dense or dings on the rear quarter the roof is nice and clean and for full disclosure this back rim both the same condition as the rest I did notice just a little bit of the clear coat peeling on there that's really the only thing I noticed on this car driver's side door looks really good entering go system inside the Super B package gives you the black cloth interior you get that kind of stripe down the middle there the Super B logo on the backrest that's stitched in side current airbags no rips no tears on the seats power driver's seat with a bomb bar factory formats throughout you get the racing pedals down there auto headlamps power windows power locks and power mirrors you also get the alpine premium sound system and as we hop inside the car here you can see that this one has 38,415 miles instrument cluster is very nice and clean you get the leather wrapped steering wheel cruise controls on the right Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and you do get the flat bottom on that steering wheel as well as the thumb pads on the steering wheel soon as the 8.4 radio with factory navigation has AM FM and Sirius XM radio care capabilities this is also where your backup camera shows up you can do all your climate controls here as well including the dual climate control you have your SRT performance page on here as well which gives you your timers your g-force and your different gauges pretty cool stuff right there CD player SD card slot and more climate controls if you don't like doing them on the radio and then you have audio and tune controls there as well automatic transmission with the optional tap shift and then your keyless entering go system with the factory remote start is right there passenger side seat is in excellent shape as well no rips or tears on that you get the rumble bee or super bee logo on the back rest there and the headliner is in really nice shape you do get map lights up there as well as your home link buttons for your garage door security systems and lighting systems and your rear view mirror is right there as well we'll take a quick look at the back seats and then we'll check out under the hood back seats are just as clean as the front seats no rips no tears back here does have the latch child safety system for all your child car seat needs these seats do fold down like so for extra storage which is nice if you have to haul a bunch of stuff and we do have factory floor mats back here and the carpeting is really nice and clean child safety locks on the back doors and all the bottoms of the doors look really good this car is really really clean body wise all the way around and we'll take a quick look under the hood i would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this hd video you will have been able to tell just how clean this car is all the way around inside and out under the hood we have the 6.4 liter v8 hemi motor engine bay is very clean too runs very smooth this car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop has a fresh oil and filter change all the fluids have been checked and topped off the car has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go i'm going to do just one more walk around on this car just because it is such a unique color and just a neat package too to see more pictures of this car or one of our other 450 new and used cars trucks suv's minivans wranglers half tons three quarter tons chargers challengers camaros corvettes mustangs shall be gt 500s gt 350s you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summit auto.com and if you'd like to check out more hd videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our youtube channel on your left a link to more dodge charger videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we're super excited to be offering this 2013 dodge charger srt8 super b and plum crazy purple thanks again


It's a beautiful day for a walk in the Morgan Territory region of Mount Diablo. The residents are here hiking up and down this stretch of road. It's a great cardio workout, a quarter to a half mile for some. Students are dropped off after school and make the long asphalt trek home, and some have found other ways to save steps. But it's not by choice. Their cars are left in makeshift parking lots along the side of the road. This section of the road is unusable, unsafe. The buckles, the undulations, the massive cracks that have since been filled with sand and gravel are all the result of a landslide in mid-February. So check this out. I'm standing smack dab in the middle of Morgan Territory Road here in Contra Costa County. It's the middle here, but not up here. It's because a landslide has shifted this entire section of road downhill. It all started about a hundred feet up the hill here. And all the mud and debris, it all slid, but it slid underneath the road, not on top of it. The slide plane was beneath the surface and was already saturated from weeks of heavy rain. Just couldn't hold any longer. We're estimating it's about three or four, three to four hundred feet. A subterranean slide, as long as a football field. The residents below were lucky it stopped where it did. Analyzing the slide. And these are the things they're inspecting. Chris Lowell, a senior engineer with Contra Costa County, and this team from the Governor's Office of Emergency Services. They're one of several teams fanning out around the county and around the state, assembling what are called preliminary damage assessments, or PDAs. This process happens after severe weather or other kinds of disasters. This one being the storms that blasted through in February. The amount of precipitation so far this winter was record breaking, and in this case, road breaking. And in this case, the ground was saturated already, so it probably didn't take too much for the rest of it to go. And here. Here too. You wouldn't know to look at Alhambra Valley Road that luck was on their side when it went. Got lucky that we were out here. And if we weren't out here, someone could have just probably driven in through it. A 96-inch pipe couldn't contain the amount of water trying to push through it. Now look at the results. The estimated cost of damage. Take our pie up into three, four million. PDAs are the first step in the federal disaster declaration process. PDA teams conduct thorough on-site assessment of the impacts to public infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, culverts, and public buildings. They're used to help the governor decide whether to make a request for a major disaster or emergency declaration. They're also used by the president to determine a response to the governor's request for a federal declaration. Adding up the totals can lead to shock for county governments. And that's why these PDAs are so important and why the emergency recovery process exists. Yeah, we're really hoping for funding because if we had to pay for and foot the bill for these projects, we just don't have the revenue for that. So it's important for us to go after the available funds for these damages. For more information on these and other disaster response and recovery efforts and programs, be sure to go to caloes.ca.gov and oesnews.com. Reporting for OESNews.com, I'm Shawn Boyd.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session we discussed the following question which says prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. Before we move on to the solution, let's recall some facts. We know that the angles in a linear pair are supplementary and also we have if two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal then the angles of each pair of alternate interior angles are equal. This is the key idea for this question. Now we move on to the solution. Now since we need to prove that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees. So first we consider a triangle say ABC. This is the triangle ABC. Now next through A we draw a line say PQ parallel to BC. So we have this PQ is parallel to BC. We have marked the angles as angle 1, angle 2, angle 3, angle 4 and angle 5. So now we need to prove that angle 1 plus angle 2 plus angle 3 is equal to 180 degrees. That is sum of the angles of triangle ABC is 180 degrees. Now next we have PQ is parallel to BC and AB is the transversal that cuts them. Therefore this would mean angle 1 is equal to angle 4 since they are the alternate angles and we know that if two parallel lines are intersected by a transversal then the angles of each pair of alternate interior angles are equal. So we take this as equation 1. Now next we have again PQ is parallel to BC and AC is the transversal. Therefore angle 2 is equal to angle 5 since they are the alternate interior angles or alternate angles so they are equal. Let this be equation 2 then adding equations 1 and 2 we have angle 1 plus angle 2 is equal to angle 4 plus angle 5. Let this be equation 3.  Now from the figure you can see that angle 3, angle 4 and angle 5 they form a linear pair. So this means angle 3 plus angle 4 plus angle 5 is equal to 180 degrees. Since we know the angles in a linear pair are supplementary therefore some of the angles in a linear pair would be equal to 180 degrees. So this implies that angle 1 plus angle 2 plus angle 3 is equal to 180 degrees from this equation and we were supposed to prove this. So this means that the sum of the angles of a triangle is 180 degrees hence proved. So this completes the session hope you have understood the solution for this question.