Hey guys it's Nate aka The Foot Account and welcome back to the channel. We are now really close to team in the season and it's safe to say I bet a lot of us are ready for it to be here now. But before it arrives there's three big things that I want to help you guys get prepared for ahead of the biggest problem we have seen yet this year in FC24. We're going to talk about that today and what to look forward to on an upgrade pack SPC day of a Monday. We're going to look through all the things today guys. If you're excited for it drop a thumbs up and subscribe if you are new. Let's go back to yesterday's Sunday content really quick and I better not forget my daily log in SPC right here because I must get it done for sure. But yesterday there was a couple things that were good. There was also some things that confused me about the content that was dropped. Let's first of all take a look at the player SPC which is probably the biggest W from yesterday. This was not leaked guys. I'm loving the player SPC's at this moment. The showdowns have been solid. They've been great prices. Some of the moments SPC's have been fun and then out of nowhere a flashback Alessandro Florensi. Again I'm loving the no leaks. I'm loving the surprise. This card for a midfielder or a right back looks incredible. A FIFA legend Alessandro Florensi playing for Milan. He's got pinged pass plus and anticipate plus two incredible play style pluses that five star week but the ability to play center mid or right back. We just had the Zambrata SPC if you're like Nate I can't afford that type of card still want a new right back. Maybe this is the guy for you at a cheaper value that can also play center mid. Look at the stats on the card 96 long shots 99 agility 99 volleys 99 jumping 99 aggression 94 acceleration. He's got almost every single defending play style except for jockey but he's also got pinged pass plus and whipped pass regular. This is a really nuts card. He has to be fun. He's five foot eight high high work rates. What's his stamina 96 stamina. Okay I read 73 that was a strength definitely needs a bit of a strength boost but that stamina is great. Guys this card has to be so much fun for only 130,000 coins as well. That is a really really insane SPC and it's 130 K without any inform requirements just an 85 and 87 rated squad which is fantastic. I love that. I mean the SPC itself has 1800 upvotes and it is 90% upvoted in the SPC section. I mean I understand why that is an incredible card and I absolutely love it and by the way things are moving on the market. It seems like a lot of people are doing this card and replacing players that they maybe had in their team. I was just taking a look at some center mids that were down. This Goretzka was like 750 K yesterday. He's under 700 K right now. Probably the biggest drop in price from this SPC is a substitute right. A lot of people were maybe using this but Ella. If you think about a Italian Syria center mid, this is the guy you think of and he is down from 200,000 coins to 130 K. He might rebound a little bit at some point. Of course you could use Barela and Florenzi in the same team because you could use Florenzi at Ryback and Barela as a center mid. But it is obvious that since his price started dropping yesterday after content, people are selling this card to put the new Florenzi in their team. So I absolutely love that from EA. Fantastic player SPC, a FIFA legend and a great price. So no complaints at all from me right there. Now also yesterday it was a Sunday. We didn't get a hero pick but we did get the return and a little bit better of a version of an icon player pick. The 88 plus Encore icon which is now instead of a one of three, there are four slots. Four options. It is a one of four player pick and I think actually they maybe dropped the price a little bit as well. 86, 87 and an 87 rated squad requirement here. You do have one inform that is required. You get some okay packs back. I mean guys for a one of four icon player pick, it's 250,000 coins. This is tempting a lot of people to put their SPC fodder into something like this before we head into team of the year. That's our team of the season sorry. This is something to be careful with like I like it. I understand why it's tempting. It's repeatable two times and it is craftable because we had the 83 times 10 that is out right now. We have the player picks. We have the 83 plus team of the week that you can craft and get the team of the weeks you need for this. So it's tempting right. But I think that's what EA wanted. They want us to be putting our fodder into this to drain our clubs. Why have we got the Ronaldinho? Why have we got the Miahan and stuff like that? They're racing like Zambrata as well. They want us to be drained of the fodder heading into team of the season so that we have to buy more packs, right? That's the whole deal that they would be wanting from a business side of things on their end. Little do they know they're also dropping so many packs here in the SPC section that if you want to put the time into grind. I mean, I'm sure they know this. I'm just saying but you can grind 80 plus picks 83 tens and open all that with the daily gold upgrades, which we'll talk about a little bit today and probably crap this SPC for quote unquote free with some of the objective packs. Well, so if you want to put in that grind, it is there. The menu grind is still there and we love that and we're not going to complain about that. But this did make fodder since a lot of people don't have that much fodder in their club just off hand. They want to go put into this fodder is up big time. GGs. If you invested, that's what I got to say GGs. If you invested, we shouted the 85s and 86s and they did good 87s. I think we've mentioned yesterday's video. They were like eight and a half. I said eight and a half K would have been decent at squad battle rewards. I don't know if they ever got that low. Um, yeah, they really didn't. They didn't go too much below nine K. But after the content yesterday with the florensie SPC and the on corn player pick these cards flew 87s are 12,000 coins apiece after they were nine K and even eight K on Friday. Unbelievable. 88s are up to 17,000 coins 89s 90s and 91s. All fodder is up, which is what we expected. I expected a little bit bigger of a rise in the 85s. I think there's still another SPC coming out that could make those rise. Um, but the everything basically above 85, 85, 86s and up, everything is doing very good. So GGs, if you invested, I don't think it's a sell time yet. I think honestly, these card prices on the fodder situations, uh, could continue to rise throughout the week, especially a little bit more into today as we get more of those upgrade packs potentially put out. Now, how are informs? I don't think informs are up that much. Uh, okay, it looks like there's still 23,000 coins, so they are not up that much. Which is interesting. Oh, they're down even. Wow. Okay. Below 20, 22 K. All right. 22,000 coins for informs. They are still low. So we'll see if anything comes out in the next day or two that requires those informs. And if they may be able to see them start to push up in price and in value, uh, or other than that, they'll probably stay the same. We do have the 83 times 10 that is there still for demand, but I think with more informs and packs because of the best of they're getting supplied a little bit more on the market as well. Here's my one confusing thing with content yesterday. Where's our cup, man? It still says in game that we are expecting a cup and there is nothing in here under the live tab under the seasonal tab. There is nothing about a cup guys. And I'm a little bit confused about that because, uh, usually when we get a cup and EA again has advertised that we are getting a Tots warm up cup. That's something that we see on a Friday, Saturday or Sundays that we have time to grind that during the week. Yeah, it's still right there. Tots warm up cup. I don't know where that is. I'm confused as to why it's not out, uh, but that's one thing I wanted to mention. Also, I'm a little confused. EA says on here daily upgrade SBCs unless they're counting the 88 plus as an upgrade SBC, which I personally wouldn't. We didn't get an upgrade SBC yesterday. So, hey, I don't know, man. EA dropped some more SBCs. You said daily and on core icon player pick. I mean, that's kind of an upgrade pack. I guess it's under the upgrade section in the SBCs, but you know, I don't know, we put that in our own kind of category. That's a gamble, right? That is a, I'm shooting for something massive, not an upgrade SBC like an 83 times 10. At least that's where my mind goes. So maybe that falls under their criteria, but I was a little confused as especially as to why we didn't get the cup yesterday. Now, let's get to the meat of the video today guys and talk about the three things that we need to do on this Monday. And as we kind of begin this week of Tots warm up series, the last couple of days before team of the season cards actually get dropped in this game. The three things that we need to do to prepare. All right, we're going to jump right into it. It's kind of piggybacking off of just what we talked about with SBC fodder guys. You need fodder during team of the season. And the range of fodder that you need during team of the season goes from the gold rare cards, right? Think about the gold upgrade packs. Last year, I think was a year where golds, all the golds on the game, gold rares went from 700 coins minimum price up to over a thousand. Right around 1.1 to 1.2 K during primarily team of the season because of the upgrade packs that they put out that require 11 rare golds. That has been happening in the past few years during team of the season. Will it happen this year in my opinion? No, I don't think I would be somebody who was going out and investing in rare golds because they didn't even move this year during team of the year, which was crazy. Gold rares, I think were like 700, 800, maybe 850 at their max. If they only went that high during team of the year, why would they go higher during team of the season? That's the way that I'm going to look at it. Unless we get different SBCs, we'll have to see. But the rest of the fodder market guys, right now fodder is up and we've been talking about investing in the last week. I think fodder this week will continue to go up and it is good to try to acquire fodder via the packs in the store. Like doing the 8310s, maybe opening one or two of those and of course doing all of your objectives. I think that's really, really important before we head into the team of the season and a lot of this fodder is in demand. Now, am I going to say hold your fodder that you invested in through the first couple of weeks of TOTS? No, because historically during the first couple of weeks of team of the season, the fodder drops off. Like the fodder drops off a good amount. I mean, these 81 plus packs, those are stuff that we're probably going to be saving, you know, and you want to save some of your packs so that you can start to get fodder during team of the season. But since so many people do save packs and since EA drop a lot of lightning rounds as well during team of the season, usually you see fodder drop, but then later on it goes up after the first week or two of team of the season. If you look back to last year, like the first week of TOTS and Premier League TOTS were really low fodder tanked, but then after that it exploded because there were so many SBCs out and the saved pack supply, all the packs that people had saved kind of dried up and that supply ran thin and they went back to the market to go buy those cards. So all that to say, with the SBCs that we're going to get during team of the season, there's always fodder demand. Guys, think about it, every single week we're going to have guaranteed TOTS SBCs. Those are one of the main things that we invest in fodder for and we watch the fodder market for during team of the season is Premier League TOTS guaranteed, Bundesliga TOTS guaranteed for the first two weeks of the actual TOTS promo. It looks like we're going to have a live TOTS guaranteed pack as well. For all the cards that have been leaked recently and we're going to look at a few more leaks that dropped in today's video as well. That's a pack that's in the code. It's also, it doesn't say un-tradable, neither does the Premier League one. So maybe that's not our guaranteed TOTS pack that we normally think of, but you know, you're going to need fodder for those guys. Like, take a look, Marco Royce last year during TOTS warm-up went from 9,000 coins to 13K as an 85 rated card. Wow, fodder prices were very different last year, right? But look what happened after team of the season started. It went from 13K all the way down to 6,000 coins during Prem TOTS and then after that, during the rest of TOTS, he was up at like 9,000 to 10,000 coins. So I think fodder is something that we will need and the way you can prepare now is doing the daily SBCs, man. Just putting in a little bit of a shift through the daily gold, daily bronze, silver and then into the daily gold. Hit some 81 plus player picks. Maybe you open 183 times 10 per day just to put some fodder in your club and that way you don't go into team of the season with just nothing. Alright, so I think that's one thing I would recommend for you guys to do right now.  If that's what is like the least stress amount of gameplay to you is hit some squad battles games. Make sure to get this, the TOTS daily warm-up done. The Golazo goal master just scoring goals gets you an 86 times 3 after scoring 11 more goals. I'm going to get that pack, the 87 times 4 for the rivals and champs goals and then an 85 times 10 for that. Like I'm working towards that, the champs bonus packs, but even the easier ones too, the TOTS warm-up ones, the new TOTS opening weekend that we just kind of clicked over that they dropped yesterday as well. Like that's just stuff that if you play the game a little bit right now, it's going to go a long way once team of the season has actually started. It is pretty easy to grind fodder in this game. I think most people just don't want to do too much of it because it does take a little bit of work. But if you do that little bit of work now, you're going to set yourself up ahead of team of the season way better than you would be if you're going into TOTS with like no fodder in your club and just maybe a couple of packs in the store. So that's one thing I would recommend doing right now is get involved with some fodder. Find a way to stock your club a little bit so that you're ready to go once that fodder is in need. Now the second thing I want to talk about in this, we've mentioned this already and we've talked about it a lot, but this is just something to kind of prepare you guys with as well. If you haven't done this too much is sell tradable cards from your team. If you have not already, the market's actually gone up in the past couple of days as we've talked about. Prices have gone up after the panic selling has kind of hit its worst point last week. It's probably going to be another week where we have some more panic selling, but prices are up. Like this Veran was under a million. He was like 900,000 coins. He's now 1.1 million. This soccer was 800k and now he's a million coins, right? You can look across the market and see that a lot of prices are up on most cards, especially the most middle tier to top tier meta cards. It's a good time and a good reminder once again to take the cash and sell some of these cards because long term you'll be very happy that you did. Now this is for out of packs cards, but also it's going to be once we get into team of the season, you're not going to want to hold on to those cards as well because the reason team of the season does a number to the market is there's so many cards that are coming into packs and they're decently packable, but it just raises the power curve every single year. Like this Darwin Nunez last year was 800,000 coins when he first came out. He just dropped all the way down until team of the season started. He had a little bit of a kickback during Premier League Tots because people wanted to buy Premier League players to link up with other Premier League Tots cards they were packing. We'll talk about that during the time when it comes. It's a great way to trade and to invest a bit to get ahead of the game during those certain leagues of Tots. But look Darwin goes from 350, he goes up to 440, so big rise. But after Prem Tots is over, boom, two weeks later he's 200,000 coins. And that is going to happen this year once again with cards that are out of packs like some of these foot birthdays have tanked, right? But like I would not be holding this Salah right now. Even this Mujrik, a card like this Mujrik is going to just be forgotten about in two to three weeks and his price is going to be forgotten about too. He's going to drop a lot because the cards that were once good, they just get pushed out of the power curve, right? And again, even with team of the seasons, if you pack a Tots card during its Tots week, take a look at this Marcus Rashford last year, 7 million drops down to the next week to 5 million coins and then he just tanks, just tanks after that. Guys, especially as we roll into the summer and continue to get closer to those end game promos, you think about footies, you think about this year with the Euros. That's another like live cards path to glory is something that we almost always see with the Euros and with Copa America coming up this summer. There are big kind of content possibilities on the horizon as well. Another reason to be as untradable as you can be 90% of the time. If you want to try cards and I'll be the first person to say, if you want to try cards during team of the season that are expensive when they're impact and you want to try out the new, the greatest team of the season cards by all means do it, okay? But just don't hold on to them for that long. That's just something that will save you tons and tons of coins on a year round basis on this game. But if you're just that little bit extra market savvy, even if it's just that simple tip of not holding on to cards for too long, you're going to save yourself so much pain and so much headache during team of the season and beyond. So that's one thing I wanted to mention as well. And the final thing, third thing here is we're going to talk about gameplay for a second here because gameplay during team of the season is probably one of the most hyped times to play during the year. You've got foot champs rewards that look like this, right? This is an Osio video last year of Ultimate Tots foot champs rewards with the red foot champs design, which they had for the first time ever last year in FIFA 23. They're bringing it back this year according to the rumors, red picks are back for team of the season, which is something we look forward to every single year and it brings so much hype to foot champs gameplay, division rivals gameplay. Basically, everybody's back on the game. It makes gameplay the worst ever. Like, guys, gameplay is going to be the worst ever during team of the season this year, worse than it's ever been. And the reason we need to prepare for that is maybe you need to get some tactics set up, maybe you need to change your team up a little bit, maybe you need to go watch some other tactics videos and get the best formation and, you know, that sort of thing.  Go check out a couple of those videos and maybe you just look at your team and say, all right, what do I need to do to get prepared for this? What do I need to do? Not to be a rat, okay? Not to be a rat, but just to be ahead of the game. Because once again, guys, it is in the pack code that we are getting, even with the promo cards coming out this weekend, I think we got to be watching the Weekend League rewards that are coming out on, or that maybe they get changed on this Wednesday or Thursday, because we have live tots card champions, players, packs in the code. So that means this upcoming Weekend League could potentially have team of the season cards as rewards, which we probably will and it's going to get sweaty real quick and that's going to mean, especially with all the people coming back onto this game, that the servers are going to be overloaded and gameplay is going to be shocking, okay? Another reason I'm mentioning this is just to mentally prepare yourself for probably some of the worst gameplay you will ever experience on this game and it will make people upset, it will make me upset for sure.  So that's what I wanted to mention in today's video as well. I'm pretty happy with my team at the moment. This is an objective team. It's not my main team, but that's just something I wanted to mention because it's going to get bad, okay? It's going to get bad for gameplay here in the next couple of weeks. So let's talk about today, Monday, upgrade pack days, right? Monday always brings upgrade packs. What else can we expect today on this game? First of all, again, we mentioned already, where's the cup? Maybe that comes today. I'm going to stop guessing at this point because it says we're supposed to get one. I'm surprised we haven't gotten one. And then more upgrade packs. I talked about the 85 times two e-figs that was added to the code. Today would be probably the best day for them to drop that pack if I'm being honest. I mean, I don't work for EA, but I'm just saying EA, today would be a good day to drop that pack. We can do it multiple times between today, tomorrow, you know, through the end of the week. I would watch out for that one today since it did not drop yesterday as well. And then of course, you know, the daily refresh of the store pack. I mean, the 10 coin pack, which is cool. I might have forgotten mine yesterday, which is painful. But at least here I'm getting myself some gold rares for 10 coins. You can never go wrong with the 10 coin pack. Wow, that was shocking. But we'll take it because it's 10 coins. The other question I have about today is, before we get into looking at a couple of the leaks too, because we have more live tots leaks. What are we going to do for this 80 plus player pick, man? I really like this. I really like the player picks refreshing every single week. If this goes away today, that's going to really throw a wrench into our menu, crafting, grinding plans and capabilities because this 80 plus player pick is what consistently supplies my club with the 81s, the twos, the threes, even though those are considered like L polls, you know, you're searching for the 85s and above, right? And you get those from this. You do fodder is great from 80 plus player picks. But if this goes away today, then doing the daily gold upgrade and rinsing, what are we going to rinse into the 77 plus? I mean, is there an 81 double that's out right now too or something like that? Like all I care about is the player picks because they give you the best fodder for the value. What do we have right now? We have the daily gold upgrade. Yeah, the 77 plus and no, we don't even have an 81 double. We just have the 77 plus. They got to keep dropping the player. They got to keep the player picks here today, whether it's they re-release the 80 plus or they bring out the 81 plus continuing their 81 plus and 80 plus kind of like back and forth. We got to have P piece. Maybe they do like an 80 plus times three. I guess that would be fine as well. But we got to have player picks, man. I think we need them, especially for the menu craft and menu grind. They need to be there. We're just going to open a quick set of three. Hopefully they prove my point as to why they're good. I'll take an 83 boom. Also with the duplicates that I get from this, I'm doing team of the week picks because I need that fodder. All right, save me here. Last pick. Walkout 85 plus. Need it. Want it. Don't get it. Okay. That was a poor set. But you know what? You keep moving on. You keep doing those because you can do at least, how many of those per day for free with the daily gold upgrades? Another shot for these, man. Do not let these just slide by. Do the daily golds. They are fantastic. Okay. So watch out for a refresh of that today. And then also we have Champions League this week, guys, which means this you wait for Marquis matchups, SBC. I guess maybe they do the other two Champions League games. Instead of just doing Arsenal Bayern and Madrid City. Maybe they're going to go for Dortmund, Atletico Madrid and Barça PSG. I don't know. That's just a guess. But I do believe we'll get tradable pack supply today with your way from our key matchups. And probably another player SBC as well. Like guys, we'll be getting daily player SBCs for a while now. Jeffrey Cundogbia, Marseille in that first leg, didn't look that great. I don't think I'm going to do this SBC. I do need to decide on some of the showdowns. I have to craft Eric Dyer. I'm still working on me a ham. I got to do Joe Scali. And I got to do Florenti as well. Thank goodness. I'm going to open a few of my 83 times 10s because I need that fodder to be crafting right now. I'm not saving every single pack. No way. I got to be saving some, but I also got to be opening some others so we can keep the menu grind going. Now let's look at all the live tots team leaked players for the end of the video. I'm going to open 83 times 10 as well because I have it today. But we had a couple more names leaked yesterday. We looked at a ton of names. In the video. And there's so guys, this promo team is massive. And supposedly there's 11 more players as well. Like I don't even know how many are right here, but ASY foot trader leaked this and says, which SBCs do you think we have two Real Madrid cards? Maybe once an SBC, there will be at least 11 more players. Like what? That is insane. An insane amount of players is going to be in packs and they're all live cards at that. So Gabi Vega, I think that's another Al-Ali player. So we've got Alan St. Maxim and Gabi Vega from Al-Ali. But then buyer is a new leak that we did not see earlier. Let's see who else. Kuti Romero. That's a brand new leak that has just come out. Klaus. That's a name I didn't see as well. Maybe even Havertz. Wow. Okay. Havertz is big. Yeah guys, this is looking good. But there are so many cards and so many leaks. There's even a couple of women's players, which this might sneakily confirm that the men's and the women's Tots cards for the leagues might be in packs at the same time as well. Ramirez from Chelsea and Weaver from Portland Timbers are leaked to becoming as live Tots cards as well. Oh, that just reminded me. Mentioning team of the season, the community, the Prem Tots. If we're going to see a team of the season voting guys, if we're going to have it, today would be a very likely day where it could come out as well. That has not been talked about at all. EA has said nothing about Tots of voting. But if it's going to happen, I think today is going to be at the very, like, I don't know, it would be really late for Tots voting. But it could be today. It could be today where we see votes, maybe Wednesday at the very latest too. So just kind of keeping an eye out for that. If there's news around that, of course, we will cover it. But let's end the video with an 83 times 10. Any good luck here? I'm just hoping for good fodder that I can wait. Shall Hanaglu? Oh, cooked. Without promo cards at packs, it seems like a terrible idea to open these. I can't lie. But at least those 83s and 4s are going to turn themselves into a Team Elite player pick. And if I get high rated walkouts, which I hopefully will in the next one, those will go into me a hand and all the other play SBCs that I want to get done while still crafting menus right now. But also while not putting my club into such a deficit of fodder. Oh, also the 82 times 11, I got to get this done. That's probably what I'm going to craft right now. This SBC refreshes today, the eFigs one. So if you're trying to stack up all the packs possible, make sure you go ahead and do that. So that's going to be the video for today, guys. I'm still going to trade a bit. I mean, be a little risky on the market. I don't know. I don't think the market's going to crash too much in the next day or two. There will probably be some price drops. But get on bids. Look at the state of that. $379 for that block. I'm going to watch this next block on bid. This is a $430,000 coin card. And it just went for $50,000 less than what he normally does. So get on bids. Get on the market, because there is money to be made. And I will see you guys in a Twitch stream today where we'll open packs, craft the menus, and count the days down until we get to team of the season. If you enjoyed the video today, guys, drop a thumbs up on it. Comment down below if you have any questions. And subscribe if you're new. See you guys on Twitch stream today. And yeah, thanks for watching the video, guys. It's been Nathan with Accountant. Catch you later. Peace.


Ok ready for the next part um we finished last time with an abstract view where I showed you how when you can take the physical world and in the physical world place a display which is connected to an alternate world generator that renders to the display and then that provides the appropriate stimuli for whichever sense you are taking control of and then this in some sense fools your brain into believing that you are in some alternate world right. So I drew that and we had a very good question about by display do I mean visual display and I said no I mean um not necessarily visual display but including that and it could be an audio display could be a um a tactile display could be many one of many different kinds of displays. So I want to talk about um displays and rendering and remember this is just a bird's eye view I am just giving you a high level overview in the rest of this course in the next two weeks we are going to go into more details on these things I just wanted you to be able to see everything in one shot. So that is what this lecture will be the rest of the bird's eye view. So let us think about um the audio part and hearing right so audio and hearing. So the display is um most commonly called a speaker right so we have a speaker right letting out some sound right. So that is perfectly fine when we are trying to use a word that is common for all the senses we will call it a display and rendering produces the appropriate signal that then gets converted into sound pressure waves by the speaker which is the display in this case right. So rendering um produces the appropriate I do not know whether it is called the audio signal or the sound pressure waves depending on where you are at exactly but ultimately um produces the signal let us say to convert to air pressure waves I should say ok I am going to erase this announcement for a minute again it is very important to connect on a piazza for the class forum. So follow this link and register for that. I want to think about two different kinds of systems here for audio and then we will talk about the visual part. So compare um two audio systems that you should be familiar with.  Let us compare that to wearing earphones may also call them headphones but I am using the term ear to make it very clear that we are just talking about the audio part because this is kind of like a headphone too when you wear a head mounted display for the vision part. So you have earphones so now you are still there with the um of your ears but you have some kind of I will exaggerate the size of these these will look like earphones from the 1970s and or it may be a very expensive pair let us say and you have this connected together somehow. So now when you turn your head the earphones follow your ears directly and when you are here and you turn your head the location of these uh displays is changing relative to your head right did you ever think about that difference right it is happening all the time for you right something fundamentally different is going on between these two and people do not seem to make um a big deal out of it right um also pay attention to the fact that here in 7.2 surround when you are at the theater the display is far away here the display is very close right. So now I want to think about virtual reality systems for the visual part we can argue about whether or not this is virtual reality for audio but it is just a different sense. So let me think about it for the um for the visual part I will use reuse this space here. So I told you about two different kinds of virtual reality systems in the last lecture one of them was a cave type system and the other one is a head mounted display I think from this drawing over here it should be pretty obvious which would be which if I want to make a perfect correspondence. So let us suppose again I am here I guess I am not wearing earphones in this case I am just have my eyes looking around and I guess I am not emphasizing the audio part and I have some kind of projection systems here that are projecting onto screens all around and I guess I do not have to draw all of these but there is at least three of them you could put four or six you could have projectors all around you could be inside of a cube if you want. So this would be a cave system again this should in terms of the way it is working on your body should be very similar to 7.2 surround correct right and again the displays could be very far away now there is something more that could go on here which is do I want to change the view point based on where my head is right. So it could be that as I move around I want to change what is shown on these screens to be dependent on where your head is and where you are looking that you would need for stereo or just simply to change the perspective so that when things are very close it moves so that you know you walk up to something and it moves appropriately. So you may need to do that interestingly enough I guess you could do the same thing in the theater right you could have the audio custom tune just for you so if you decide to walk around in the theater the audio changes that goes into the displays right has anyone ever done that for you in the theater no right but it could so it is very interesting to compare these two.  Another word for that is iPhones right turns out Jaren Lanier used that term for his product with these goggles back in the 1980s so it is a different kind of iPhone than the one you know today right. So it makes perfect sense if we compare these two you have earphones here iPhones here they are both different kinds of headphones and I guess you could call both of them a head mounted display right even if you put on these earphones here you could call that a head mounted display where the display corresponds to speakers right all right.  You cannot hear what is going on around you here you cannot see what is going on around you if you are wearing a virtual reality headset that is not designed for augmented reality if it were designed for augmented reality then it might look just like a pair of glasses right and then it has extra information appearing on it all right. So what is interesting is to make this work do you need to track your head to figure out which way you are looking to figure out what to put on the display. If you choose not to then whatever you see is going to look like it is fixed to your head right.  Interestingly that is exactly what is happening with headphones as well right if you turn your head while wearing sorry earphones if you turn your head while wearing earphones you should perceive it as everything moving exactly with your ears. Why does anybody care about this right we have been using earphones for a very long time nobody worries about head tracking here yet they are now now the head tracking quite easy to do but here everyone became obsessed with head tracking it became required to make it work anybody know why strange isn't it we are just comparing these two senses nobody cared about head tracking on this side on the audio part. Why is it seem to be necessary on the visual side I am sorry the direction but it is the same in both direction let us think about this I guess so I mean ultimately the direction that the sound or the visual signal is coming from is important I think in the case of audio especially when you are wearing headphones listening to let us say recorded music where does it sound like the music is coming from sort of like inside of your head is what most people say I talked to some audio engineers and it sounds it sounds in most cases when you put on headphones listening to music close your eyes imagine where the band is at playing the music for example it sounds like it is inside your head and we seem perfectly comfortable with that. So when you are rotating your head it does not seem to make much of a difference it is still inside of your head and we have become accustomed to that the vision sense is much more detailed right we have an entire picture of what is going on around us it is not simply signal processing of a single signal at with higher frequency going into our ear canals it is you know through the power of optics other things will get into you see an entire image and there is so much more detail there that you notice if you turn your head and everything is moving with you versus it looks stationary just like it does in the real world that makes a very big difference. So I think a lot of it is just the level of fidelity with regard to the visual sense in comparison to the audio sense and the fact that in audio we have grown accustomed to just hearing the sound source inside of our head. If you present left and right speakers you will perceive it as being interpolated in between right the sound. So it just ends up interpolating right in between and it feels like the sound is in your head now we have just grown accustomed to that there are tricks you can do to make it sound like it is coming from the outside and then you need to do head tracking and some other tricks things like head related transfer functions I hope to have one lecture where we cover that way I expect to and so we can get into some of those details. So you can take some of these kinds of concepts that came up in virtual rally for vision and apply them back in audio and now thanks to the latest head tracking technology that is easily available it is it is quite reasonable to do this. So even just on the earphone side you can improve this technology considerably. So that is very exciting I think. All right let us also think about I mentioned this already but think about the distance of the display from the sense organ right. So here the display is far away those of you sitting here in the audience you can see the screen does not have anything interesting on it now but you can see the screen and it is far away from you right. If you wear a head mounted display say iPhones then the display is very very close in fact it is so close that we need to use some lenses to put so that your eyes can still nevertheless focus on the screen that is very close. So we are kind of helping your eyes do not have enough optical power to focus on something very very close even if you are a small child. So the lenses provide some help in that and will make the screen appear like it is infinitely far away and filling your field of view completely. So it ends up being presented very very close. Well what happens I guess if the if the if the display is far away then it needs more power right needs to be larger needs more power. If I want to you know think about the size of a movie screen at the theater I guess they use projection technology so that they do not have to make a gigantic screen right out of say OLEDs or LEDs or LCDs or something like that. So they do not have to do that thanks to projection technology but it has to be enormous right. It has to be very loud in the theater because the audio rendering the speakers are far away. If you have earphones and iPhones then it does not have to be as loud and it does not have to be as large it can be very small. So there is some engineering advantages but to make it work you may have to do more work on the head tracking parts right the head tracking may become necessary. So there is some more engineering work to do but as the technology improves it can lead to greater portability and lower cost and generally the amount of signal or power that you need to generate of course is going to be less the closer it is to your actual sense organ correct. This may cause you to want to go further why even bother with putting some display very close to your face why not beam information directly onto your retina right the light information directly on your retina. So there are retinal displays that do exactly that you are probably wondering why not go one step further why not we just cut out your eyeball all together and just directly provide stimulation to your optic nerve right. If we can match it exactly that ought to work right. Again there is going to be a lot of to make that work there is going to be a lot of engineering challenges to match it perfectly we do not really understand exactly what goes over the optical nerve but if we did and we could reproduce exactly that signal that would be like having an HDMI connector directly to the visual part of your brain you just feed in the signal and everything is fine. Certainly it is going to require head tracking to make that work and very low latency and lots of other things and unfortunately it would be sort of a one-way trip right we could maybe wire you like that but then it is hard to get you back to normal again once you are done so you will have to be a permanent cyborg at that point. So it is interesting to think about right where exactly is the place where you want to interrupt the stimulus and present the display. So try to get closer to make it more portable and lower energy is needed but the closer you get the harder it gets engineering wise to achieve the more tricks you may have to do. Alright I want to say a little bit more about hardware and in my bird's eye view I have three components. I am going to talk a little bit about hardware which I have already been doing and then I want to talk a little bit about software and then a little bit about perceptual psychology sensation and perception and those will be the three components of my bird's eye view. So just continuing on the hardware I just want to say a few things it will go into much more detail on these things later.