Another way we have a finding limits is known as the squeeze theorem, sometimes also called the sandwich theorem. Actually, as it turns out, it's not particularly useful. It's only really ever used for one particular limit. But the squeeze theorem works in a very intuitive way. Suppose I have a balloon that enters a room, and maybe it bounces off the floor, ceiling, maybe it hovers a little bit, and it kind of bounces around inside the room for a little while. And here's the question you might want to wonder, what do you know about the height of the balloon? Well, intuitively, you know that if the balloon has to be someplace between the floor and the ceiling, you know that the balloon's height, wherever it is, has to be someplace between those two. And this is the basis for what's known as the squeeze theorem or the sandwich theorem. And suppose I have a function f, g, and h, and suppose I know that f of x, g of x, and h of x satisfy a particular system of inequalities. And this is going to be true for all x in some interval around x equals a, with the possible exception at x equals a. Note this accepting is not actually a typo.  And so I'm going to have this inequality here. Well, first off, the limit as x approaches a, f of x, g of x, and h of x satisfies the same inequalities that the functions themselves do. Again, provided that all of the limits exist, all of the functions exist. And more importantly, if the limits of the outside functions, the f of x and the h of x, if the floor and ceiling functions have limits, and they have the same limit, then the middle function also has a limit, and that limit is going to be the common value. So here's an example. So suppose I want to find the limit as x goes to zero of x times sine of one over x. Actually, we don't need the squeeze theorem for this. We can actually reason our way to an answer as follows. Well, what do I know? Well, I know that as x gets close to zero, one over x is going to get close to plus or minus infinity, depending on whether x is going to be more than zero or less than zero. So one over x is going to plus or minus infinity. And the problem we have is that sine of one over x, well, this will be sine of a very large positive number, or the sine of a very large negative number. And to some extent, the sine of a very large or positive number is going to be unpredictable. And all we can really say about it is that it's going to be some number between minus one. What sine of one over x has no limit as x goes to zero. But that doesn't bother us because we don't care about sine of one over x, we care about x times sine of one over x. So whatever this is, it's going to be multiplied by a very small number. Remember, x is going to zero. So what do I have? Well, I have some number between minus one and one being multiplied by a very small number. And what I'm going to get there is going to be zero. It's going to be a small number. So I can conclude that this limit is equal to zero. And I can do that without applying any high-powered theorems. Well, I suppose I do want to apply some high-powered theorem. Amazon just sent me the squeeze theorem in the mail. I rip open the package, and I want to use it. And here's the problem. I'd limit as x goes to zero of x times sine of one over x. And I might go through the same analysis before. The limit as x goes to zero. Sine of one over x does not exist because as x goes to zero, one over x goes to plus or minus infinity. And the sine of a very large number is some number between negative one and one. And so I read the instructions carefully. And the squeeze theorem, if I want to use it, requires me to frame it between two functions. I want to find sine of one over x. I want it to be less than or equal to something and greater than or equal to something. And here's usually the problem in applying the squeeze theorem is finding those two framing functions. So what can I do? Well, there's my function. I want to think of something that is greater than or equal to x times sine of one over x. And one way that we might approach this, which works on this one particular problem, is that sine, because I know sine is always less than or equal to one, then x times sine of x is guaranteed to be less than or equal to x. In effect, I'm replacing sine of x with something I know that is larger than or equal to it, namely one. So I have x sine of one over x being less than or equal to x. By the same argument, I know that this is also greater than or equal to negative x because the least value of sine of one over x is negative one. And there, I've trapped my function in between these two. Now the art here is that because I'm eventually going to be taking a limit, I need to know that the right hand side and the left hand side not only have a limit, but that limit is the same number. And if I'm not careful in picking my two functions here, I'm not going to be able to evaluate that limit in the first place. So I check it out, c is x goes to zero, my right and left sides both go to zero, and that squeezes this function here in the middle. And so I can conclude that that limit is going to be zero. Again, it's worth keeping in mind that we don't have to go through all of this reasoning here if we're willing to go through this reasoning here. And the biggest problem with the squeeze theorem is that unless you choose your lower and upper functions carefully, they're not going to have the same limit. And that will leave us with no information about what the limit of the middle function is. So in general, the squeeze theorem is almost the last resort. Now that being said, there is one important limit where we do use the squeeze theorem, and that's finding the limit x goes to zero of sine of x over x. Now here, a little bit of analysis goes a long way. First of all, this is x going to zero. And the problem we have with this is that because the denominator is going to zero, then I might want to approach that zero from two different directions. So suppose I take a look at the limit is x goes to zero from above of sine x over x. And suppose that it's equal to some number. Well, one of the things I know from trigonometry is the sine of minus x is the same as minus sine of x, which means that the sine of minus x over minus x is equal to sine of x over x for all values of x. And what that means is that these two limits, the limit is x goes to zero from below, and the limit is x goes to zero from above, have to be the same, provided that the two limits exist. Because these values here, if x is a small negative number, are going to be the same as these values here for the same value of x, but positive instead of negative. So these two expressions are the same. And so the two limits have to be the same. Well, let's do a little bit of geometry. You can't do trigonometry without doing geometry. I suppose you could. It's just a thousand times harder. So let's think about the geometry of the trigonometric functions. And so I'll go back to my portion of the unit circle that's going to define my sine cosine tangent values. And let's consider this. I have this nice little blue triangle here. And I note that the area of that triangle is guaranteed to be less than the area of the sector. And so all I have to do is remember how to find the area of the triangle and the area of the sector. So the area of the triangle, well, this is going to be one half base is cosine. Height is sine. So there's the area of the triangle, one half sine cosine. And the area of the sector is determined by the length of the arc and the radius. It's one half r squared times the arc length. Well, this is the unit circle. So my radius is one. So the area of the sector, one half, one half, one squared times the arc length, which is going to be our x value. So there's the area of the triangle. There's the area of the sector, x over two. And through some very, very, very complicated algebra, I get sine of x over x less than or equal to one over cosine x. Well, how about the area of the sector? Well, the area of the sector is going to be less than the area of this triangle. And I have a larger triangle there. And let's see. So again, we can calculate the area of the sector. That's going to be x over two once again. And the triangle, one half base times height. So our base is this is the radius of the circle. That's one. The height, well, this is the tangent of x. And so the area of our triangle, one half tangent x. So x over two is less than or equal to one half tangent x. Remembering that tangent is sine of our cosine and again doing some very, very, very, very complicated algebra. We can go from this expression to cosine x less than or equal to sine of x over x. And I've trapped my function in between two other functions. And we don't know that this will do us any good. But if the outer limits have limits as x approaches zero and they're the same value, then I can find the inner values. And it turns out that they do. So I'll take the limit as x goes to zero from above of cosine and one over cosine, those are both equal to one. And that says that the limit of x approaching zero of sine x over x also equal to one. And because the limit from above is the same as the limit from below, then our limit no plus, no minus is equal to one.


Hello there everyone and welcome. This is Melissa Arma with a Stock Squush and I thought I would do a short lecture here today because I get this question a lot. How much money do you need to day trade and what is buying power? Well, if you want to day trade, you have to open up an account at a broker. I'm not a broker, there's thousands of brokers out there. You can call anyone in the world and ask them, but in general, people always say to me, how much money do I need? And I think people tend to think that they need more money than they actually need. So I'm gonna break down here a trade and give you an example so that you understand exactly what day trading is because day trading means you're getting in and out between 9.30 and 4 p.m. Eastern time. So you can get something called buying power from a broker. It's basically you're trading on margin, but you're flat before four o'clock. That's the idea, that's what we do with day trades. So this is me, if you have any questions, you can feel free to call me at 929-3200 gap. And you can email me at melissa at thestockswish.com if you'd like more information. What is buying power? Just so you know, here's a definition from Investopedia.com. Buying power, also referred to as an excess equity, is the money an investor has available to buy securities when considering the term in a trading context. Buying power is the money an investor has available to buy securities and equals the total cash held in the brokerage account plus all available margin. Okay, that's a little complex, but I'm gonna break it down for you in ways that you can understand. Making money is possible for regular people. So you don't have to have $100,000 cash in the bank in order to day trade. And a lot of people think that in order to trade the market, you need a lot of money. I thought that too. When I first started out in 2008, I thought you had to have millions of dollars to trade. I thought you had to work down on Wall Street. I thought all of these things. I thought you had to be licensed. You don't, okay? You can actually open up an account of a broker yourself without a license, without a series seven, without having to take a test. And you can be an active trader, an active day trader. You can take swing trades, you can take day trades, you can take options trades. We're gonna talk about two of those here today. But it's possible that for regular people to trade the market, that's one of the reasons the market has exploded in the last 20 years. Ever since electronic trading and people started getting out there and really getting involved, involved in participating in the market, the market has had so much volatility and lots of volume and momentum and that helps. You make money. Of course, you have to know what to do. Okay, that's what I teach people in my class I'm an educational firm, but I want people to understand that they still have to open up an account of a broker, but it's possible for regular people. You don't have to have hundreds and hundreds of thousands of dollars to do it. You also don't have to do it full time, meaning nine to five, five days a week, okay? It's only in the morning that I focus on trades in the gaps. Now, here was one, this was last week in eBay. eBay had a gap on earnings on the 19th, okay? The stock gap down it fell, so this was a short. And you know, you get BP for longs and shorts. And again, you have to ask the broker, but I'm just gonna show you one example here in this trade. This is a day trade, you're in and out, in and out. That's it, okay? You're taking it and getting out. You're doing all of this between nine, 30 and four. And if you do, okay, you will get margin from the broker above and beyond your cash, okay? So this was an advanced trader size, just so you know, we're gonna go over beginner two. But how much BP was required? For this trade, entry was 35.21. Share quantity, 6,000. Again, that's a lot, okay? That's a lot, that's not a beginner size. Exit was what, 34.36. So if you short something and it drops in price, guess what, you're gonna make money. So the profit in this was almost a dollar moved down. So it was 5,100 bucks. BP required was what, 211,260. And you know, this is a good size. We're gonna go over a smaller one, but I just wanna show you. You did not need 211,260 dollars to take this trade, okay? You did not. What would you have needed, okay? You would have needed 52,815 if you had a retail account because retail accounts given a margin of four to one. So 52,815 cash times four is what this, you could have taken the position. If you had a prop account, they give 10 to one. Some places give a little bit more, but most is 10 to one. So you would have taken 211,260 divided by 10. You would have needed 211,126 cash, cash, cash, cash. So the margin is given by the broker, okay? So you could take the position, but you must be flat and out of the trade by four because you're not gonna get this margin after four o'clock, after hours, overnight, okay? But that's what makes it possible. The type of account is up to you where you go.  And what if you did a smaller size? Just to show you, 600 shares, you would have needed 211,126 in buying power. That's fine, very good. You would have made what, 510 bucks? $500 a day, $500 a trade, that's great. That's fantastic, okay? Nice move, decent size here, decent size price stop.  So just so you're seeing here, you did not need hundreds of thousands of dollars to trade, but you do have to have money in account to get the margin or the BP from the broker. Same trade here. Now, when we're talking about doing options, you could do an option, what was it? I called an option in eBay, which was the put. You would have bought a put, stop dropped. You could have got out at 34, went a little bit further, actually went for a couple of days. If you do this, you don't need to have to worry about margin or buying power for options, okay? Because the only cost it has to you is what? The cost of the position, how many contracts do you take? Option entry in this, 20 cents. If you took 80 contracts, what would you have risk? $1,600, sell price 60 cents, profit would have been 3,200 bucks. All you would have needed was $1,600 to take the trade and you would have made $3,200. So that's a really, really, really nice trade, okay? So the difference between doing options and equity trades is you don't have to worry about margin or buying power. But this trade took a couple of days. It was three days down. It wasn't in and out in a few minutes. You took it on a Thursday, you got out of it Monday, okay? So it's your time that you have, the money that you have, you have to make the decision what you feel more comfortable with, particularly, I mean, for myself, both are fine, but I really do like the quick ones like in the day trades, okay? So how much money you need depends on if you're doing options or day trading equities. You can day trade options too, by the way, all right? And it's really up to you which kind of broker you wanna go to, retailer prop. I definitely would check into it, totally up to you, but you do not need hundreds of thousands of dollars in order to day trade. And I think it's very, very important that people understand that. Does anyone not understand that? If you don't understand that, if anyone out there does not get it, please reach out to me. Please email me if you have questions. These things are important before you begin to trade or before you open up an account. You really do need to understand these things. So one of the things that makes the stocks wish unique as a company I own is you'll receive value, a lot of information for a good price, very, very detailed high level of information we receive in my Golden Gap class and in the room. Support, which is me obviously, answer your questions, taking your phone calls and results, which you get from the trade calls. Furthering education, okay, which is important too. And I also care about the people succeed. You'll get a clear direction, you'll find one system only, good system, live daily calls in the room and there's a lot of motivation behind the system itself and then day trading, which I provide in the room and I provide through the videos and I provide in the class and all of these things are important because everybody needs it. Everybody needs it in order to do this but I just want people to know that regular people can do this but you still have to have a structure. You have to have a structure and the structure is the Golden Gap course. It's a 26 points, it's a system and also the structure is the time of the day in and out. If you do options and wanna hold them overnight, that's fine but you still gotta watch your trades. The whole idea if you wanna do this no matter what your purpose is, what, how much money you wanna make, it has to be something that you can afford and it is something that can lead to financial freedom for you because you don't have to report to a boss when you work for yourself in the market and that is a very, very nice thing. So my class is called the Golden Gap course. It's a two day class July 28th and 29th. If you're interested in more information email me at melissa at thestockswish.com. Class tuition is $54.99. If you wanna sign up for the options letter separate, that's a separate letter. You get all the trades if you just wanna do the options. There's no prerequisites for the letter. The letter is $29.99 for the entire year. You do not have to do the class to sign up for the options letter. If you wanna be in the training room to get the day trainings, you have to do the class in order to be eligible to sign up for the room, okay? Hopefully this helped people and explained a lot. Give me a call back if you have any questions. 929-3200 Gap. Have a great day.


Okay, well that's a great pleasure to be with you because I'm quite new in the research activity field and I would like to present to you this project I'm leading since the last four years, it aims to find new ways to identify early diversification process in animal in our community and this project I'm doing with lots of researchers from different fields in France So why do we need new markers of domestication? Well before we need to agree on what is the domestication process. So now we consider that the domestication process is Continuum of intensification of the relationship between man and animal and starting from the earliest adaptation of white population to the ecological niche of humans, which is generally called commensalism, synanthropism up to the animal effects Okay, and that goes through control of white population, control of captive animals, up to the expoundry And there are different pathways to this domestication process Okay, you have the common soil one for some species You have the competition head one, which is solely for wool and the most common one is the prey or the directed pathway mainly for ventilated animals So it's the hunting pathway, basically. So in zoo archaeology to identify domestic animals, we mainly use domestication syndromes that have been defined by Charles Lowe who is a cynical book, the variation of animals and plants in the domestication So basically you have a different kind of traits in common in all the domestic animals Whatever the epilogenetic link and they appear in different degrees, okay? In archaeology, this is mainly the body size reduction the shortening of the face or if you have mentioned DNA you can have the information about the coat color, changing coat color and that's thanks to the experiment of this famous fox farm experiment led by Dimitri Belier in the 59s who has demonstrated that those domestication syndromes are the pleiotropic consequences of a drastic selection of behavior So he has demonstrated that in 50 years of drastic selection of the most amenable docile silver fox, he could reproduce all these domestication syndromes in the fox so those domestication syndromes or also reduction in sexual demorphisms or philanthropy divergence that we have been working on for quite a while They all allow us to identify already biologically modified animals, okay? So we quite liked in this process I was talking about previously, okay? so my objective was to Identify earlier process and what API is to call the cultural control, okay? And focusing on the control of movement to captivity, this captivity is the catalyst of most of the domestication process for most of the animal Okay, so then if we can identify that we'll be able to access to the earliest process of domestication Which is basically make the animals the wild population more accessible to people So in order to test The fact that captivity can leave and identify morphological markers in animal bones We have made an experiment using white ovulate the white ball and We have trying to control most of the confounding factors genetic sex diet and an edge, okay So we have taken 24 piglets six months old from a very well understood population of white ball We've made two groups of the same sex ratio and we put them in different One is a pen of two seven and five hundred meters where she and another one is a store hundred meters square for the 12 okay, this way drastic mobility reduction and To look at the effect of captivity We have made a new evil longitudinal study. So Making some data acquisition all over the globe. So from six months to 24 months to two years old So we made city scans for the bone development MRI Swaps the microbiome blood and muscle samples for DNA for genetic and epigenetic For stress markers and now this collection is available for research And so We we got a look at different aspect of the scale at all the development this girl and That particular ball but today I'm just going to talk about the epinecule of all and want to look at the difference at different scale of the bone morphology from the Oval shape up to the cellular level. Okay using different kind of methods from the latest developments in image analysis and morphometric analysis So today I'm going to make it show. I'm going to present you a result from my PhD students We go out there so that's what we start to do both the humerus and the catcalaeum Because they will preserve in archaeology. Okay, and also because they can allow us to infer Locomotive behavior in in object. Okay, but also because they are complimentary. Okay, because the catcalaeum is the football from the falling so it's kind of more fortunately this restricted why the Pauline humorous is to be involved in other kind of activity like amita peraging or social interaction So that's why they complemented so to look at the overall capture the overall morphology of those two bones We use a geometric morphometric approach. So we combine points Seminar mark around the articulation surfaces and points Rewind all of those Okay, so that's kind of Capture most of the complexity of the ball because we are looking after we are looking for a new shape differentiation and to look at The microstructural level of the of the humorous so like a particle thickness We use methods called the more metric So basically from the city we take the surface of the Perios, okay, and the surface of the medulla surface and that gives you a cylinder and you Unroll it so you obtain this Lonescape of fitness, okay Looking at the values distance between those two surfaces. Okay, and then you standardize it using different generalized model to make the map The cortical fitness map of which the bones comparable in a statistical environment Okay, so that's it for the for the methods So along with those experimental specimen, we've also collected lots of particle material Why it's different why a population including the control population from which the people that we've taken from some mesolithic Why go okay, it's kind of standard for pre-neolatization pre-domestication some captive gel and why go and some different kind of breeze of pits right So this is the the results So this it's only for adult specimens The material this is all the adult Netta sets this is PCA so we're looking at variation at different axis, okay, and this is the The factors explaining this shape variation That's like genetic Sex and age okay, but different axis. So This is a variation Brown you have the non captive white war Pink you have the different domestic breeze and circled in red. You have the experimental specimens Okay, so we can see that the main the main axis of variation is driven by domestication, but it's genetically driven, okay and Domestication has created a Variation that's way beyond the normal reaction of white war, but we can look at at the white war level that Capacity and I created a divergence and we also have the dimensions of the majority care specimens So if we just look at The morpho space of the white war excluding all the pigs so you can really see that activity Of our experiments estimate as well as for our German specimens Really diverge and you also have a divergence of the misery So if we look at the shape deformation and this that came in This is the presentation of the shape information along this axis, okay from the control population up to the Captain You can see that the deformation are located mainly on the tuberous tuberosity with a shrinking and Under the system faculty on telling area, okay Which means that activity I created a change in the traction of the ball and also Change in the sideways movement inward in awkward Okay, so that's pretty Encouraging, I'm sorry So two other things about this reason so Okay, why there is this divergence of the mesolithic specimens? I thought this is like more likely there was different habitats and different kind of selective pressures on those specimens And what's interesting to note is that we can see much differences between our whiteboard have been raised in a pen and the one That's been raised in the store Okay, so it's supposed that Either the pen or the store create the same range of The promoter behavior, okay, so the component explaining these divergence are somewhere else. It's perhaps the loss of Habitat for aging social interaction predation. There's something else to go in on And about the mesolithic whiteboard well, I know that was I was talking about sorry, so But it's also because those little people are much older And probably much bigger. So this is something we need to explore further So in terms of We can't see much more much differences between the pen and the store in terms of fully white day Really alike as you can see those those growth are very similar, but if we look at the development of the shape of the Calcanean Through what we call a metric growth the change of shape Along the size of the growth basically if there was no differences in terms of development between The one that has lived in the pen and the one that is told the line would be parallel Or we can see that there is a strong significant interaction. So it seems that captivity Disrupts the developmental program of the decade. So that's pretty encouraging So let's go to the the results of the cortical fitness so This is the result against PCA on the fitness values of our max, okay The data set is a bit smaller You still have the modern Different breeds of Pigs some free-running one here and agree we have our experimental specimens. Okay again the explaining factors again mobility genetic and So you can see that here. There is to this main differentiation between white and domestic But this time this is mainly due to functional constraints Genetic is not as important So that's very interesting so the differences are pretty observable on those two Maps, okay, so domestic these have a thinner cortical bone Compared to why war and you could see for more yellow here. Okay, and also interestingly you have a different More bigger and this is and smaller and this is okay, and the captive specimens are in between this And you can see here that the cortical fitness is here And Okay, so I need to to rush I Need to rush so what we'll do now so that's very encouraging. So we have for both factors Strong evidence that it works. We can track those change Quantitatively, okay, so we're gonna adapt now the The protocol to fit it better to the fragmentation material of archaeology and we're going to explore the 3d geometry of Tropicular architecture And I would have to say all those fantastic people who have helped me to do this project without them It was completely impossible. Thank you very much. Sorry for my


Without further ado, Bob Lentz. Thank you all very much. Let me get this thing for somebody six foot nine. So it's a pleasure to be here. I wasn't expecting any applause, so that's pretty good. Now if you're trying to fill out the Meet the Fed question, if you haven't figured out that I'm a Fed, then I think you should probably leave at this point in time. But I couldn't really get any disguise, I think, to avoid that fact that I am a Fed. And I have been a Fed for about 35 years. And so I'm getting ready to retire very soon. So I'll be in your, at least most of your, worlds here very, very soon and enjoy maybe some of the extra freedom it might be with not being in the federal government, so it's been a great run. This morning I'd like to talk about cybersecurity, information assurance, information system security, you name it, computer security, I think there's so many names that have gone around in this business in my 35 years in it. Let me ask you a quick question. How many of you remember the National Computer Security Center? Just give me a, all right, good, that's great. So I was part of the National Computer Security Center and unfortunately I was part of it when it got disbanded, which was I think one of the biggest mistakes we made in this business line in the federal government. I think if we would have kept the National Computer Security Center in place and a lot of the momentum that was created by that, I think it would have been, would have been much further along in this business line because I think it provided a great deal of leadership. How many people actually attended the first National Computer Security Conference in Baltimore? Does anybody remember? Okay, oh yeah, nobody, hands are down on that one. But that was really the first conference, sort of like this. It wasn't as obviously crazy as DEF CON, but it was the first opportunity where folks got together and talked about this subject line. I do remember, since I was a little guy back in those days, not really understanding this business line. I was actually working in the NSA SIGINT organization and they said, hey, go over there and learn a little bit about this world of computers and networks and packet switching and things like that. And I walked over there very naively and then, you know, I got the bug. I said, hey, this is the future. And it was quite an exciting opportunity. One of the most interesting things that happened to me in the first couple of months in my job was that the boss asked me to go and brief a bunch of three-star generals, about nine of them, who were showing up at NSA and briefed them on this world of computer security.  And they were looking at me like I was absolutely nuts. And so if you look back in the history of the National Computer Security Center in the 1980s to where we are today, I harken back to this past winter where we were dealing with a very serious problem in the Pentagon dealing with thumb drives. How many know about the DoD thumb drive problem? Oh, my God. Jesus. And there's a thumb drive right here in the computer. So I'm in violation of DoD policy. So we had this problem called thumb drives. Every week the war room in the Pentagon was, every day during the week, was activated to deal with this problem that we had across this vast network of the Department of Defense. And I remember the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, and he's the number one military guy, four-stars, a very busy fella chairing many of those meetings in this very classified war room with VTCs around the world going on. And I never thought in my entire career that I'd ever see the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff utter a four-letter word. And it wasn't the four-letter word that you're thinking about. It was host-based security system. So I never thought, and then he uttered a three-letter word, which also shocked me, called public key infrastructure, or PKI, as you all know. So I said to myself, boy, have we come a long way in this business line from those days where I was talking to these three stars in the 1980s about viruses and trojans to now where literally the senior leadership in the DoD finally got it. The light bulb came on. And it wasn't the IT folks. The big change was the operators, the folks that are literally conducting operations around the world finally realize that they've got to take this seriously. And that has been the tipping point for this entire, entire business line. And so I think that's been the biggest change that's occurred over this journey that I've been on with some great folks in the department defense team. So anyway, with that just as an opening, as my introduction in the pamphlet says, so I'm the chief information security officer for the department, that's my job. Let me just give you a sense of what that job has really been like. So I think if you can figure out that I'm a little guy, okay, and I've been trying to push up against this big beast of all these folks that are focusing on operations, are focusing on getting the job done, and this security problem, just leave me alone, just don't get in my way. And so I've been trying to deal with that problem for quite a while with our team. But as I said, I think the roles have been reversed, and I think we finally, we finally get it. So I think if there's any message you take from this is that security practitioners like all of us in this room, I think now have the upper hand. I think when we little guys walk into the room, they pay attention. They really do. This is serious business. This is mainline business. This is everything we're trying to do to be able to carry out our responsibilities. The other thing that I wanted to just, and I think all of you appreciate this, but one of the things is the chief security officer that really struck me in my nine years in this job since November of 2000 is how much of my job really is not about war fighting. In fact, I would say probably less than 50% of my job is making sure that we have network connectivity, a robust network for those folks that are doing tsunami relief over in Asia, earthquake, emergency relief, and operations and reconstruction like over in the Southwest Asia, or just dealing with operations in Africa and trying to help the farmers and medical personnel dealing with AIDS and other issues in Africa. We stood up a new command, an African command within the past two years, and its primary mission is just that, and trying to get connectivity and trying to get those operations up and running in a secure and reliable fashion really is the majority of the job that we have as security professionals. I know there's lots of DoD people in this audience. Probably don't want to raise their hand so they give away the Meet the Fed contest, but every one of them, I bet if you ask them, a good majority of them say a great deal of percentage of their time is not necessarily associated directly with war fighting, even though obviously trying to deal with operations in Iraq and Afghanistan take up a lot of time. That's really one of the big differences that struck me in my nine years in this job. So let me ask another question of the audience. As everybody knows, this is the number one most expensive platform in the Department of Defense. This is a billion dollar platform that we use to conduct national security around the world. So even though some of you may have seen this slide at Black Hat, so don't speak up if you were there for this trivia question. So when I had a chance about a year ago to fly on this carrier and take off, I had a chance to ask the captain. I said, sir, what is the most important thing on this carrier? Now, what do you think his answer was? Anybody want to give a shot? Yes, sir? Connectivity. Yes, sir? People. Information flow. Communications. So I think that's about right. I mean, if you put them all together, I'll give you the answer that he gave me which is relates to everything you just said. But I was actually surprised. I thought the answer was going to be, it's the airplanes. I got to keep the pilots happy and I got to keep those airplanes running because that's what's protecting this massive ship. I thought it was going to be the nuclear power plant that allows that carrier to go over 30 miles per hour when it's conducting flight ops. I thought it was going to be all the sensors and radar systems that are out there censoring around it to make sure that a missile doesn't come in and take it out. But it really wasn't. His answer was, it's the internet. So a lot of what you all said, connectivity, interoperability, it was the internet. And I said, wow, really?  He said, no, it's really the internet. And so I said, can you explain a little bit more about that? And so he said, well, do you know what the average age of the 5,000 sailors, 5,000 on this floating city, the average age is, anybody want to give it a shot? Don't give it away if you heard it yesterday before. What, 19 and a half years old. That's the average age. And just imagine you've got 5,000 sailors, men and women, every one of them, obviously were like most of you, if not all of you in this room, they were born in the internet age and they have an appetite, a need for being connected. And he says, my number one job is morale and welfare of the ship. I've got to keep these sailors happy because when they go off on a deployment for six months, eight months at a time, they want to remain connected. And more importantly, you know, I've got to keep their skill base up. I've got to keep training up. They're awareness of things that are happening on the network. Of course they want to talk to their families all the time. But when we have serious situations like medical incidents where we have surgeries and things like that, I'm passing information, I'm connecting up to the main hospitals for assistance. I'm also getting operational information over this internet. Information regarding navigational data and meteorological data, et cetera, et cetera. So it is the internet, he said. That's my number one responsibility is to keep that internet up and running. And he's got about eight information assurance professionals on that ship, eight, that are responsible for keeping that network up and running. And the good news is when I asked him, I said, of those eight sailors that you have, how many are certified in information assurance? And he said with a very big smile, he said seven of the nine or eight, excuse me, are certified. And he said, I'm very proud of that. And the other one is working on their certification as we speak. But that's actually unusual. A lot of these ships will pull out to sea or other forces, the Army and Marines, et cetera, with not that kind of readiness. So going back to that sumo wrestler issue, and now that we have the four star, the operators, understanding the importance of this, training and education is a big deal. We are pumping more money into that part of our business line than we've ever pumped into it. The schoolhouses in the department of defense, the training programs of which, by the way, that certification for those sailors for information assurance professionals is a commercial certification. It's not a DOD certification, it's a commercial certification. That was a decision that I made about six years ago. And the reason for that, a lot of people challenged me and said, Bob, that's crazy. If you get these folks certified in a commercial certification, what's going to happen to them after about two or three years? They're going to leave. They're going to go try to get the big bucks out of the industry. That hasn't happened.  That hasn't really happened. And I asked that to a lot of them. They said, hey, we love it. This is a great profession. Now, certainly after they get their 20 years in or 15 years in or some of them obviously longer, I can go and I can get some big salaries and things like that. But they really enjoy the thrill of going down to Africa, as an example. I got several emails from those sailors. So I met on that overnight stay on that carrier. These young sailors, men and women, who were telling me, hey, we just stopped off in Africa and, boy, the smiles on their faces when we saw our ships that were around this strike carrier battle group or strike force coming back after delivering medical supplies to a lot of the people in that region. And that's really what gets us moving, is that is really the core part of our job. So I think I just wanted to kind of put that in perspective because as the Chief Security Officer, as I said, the real way of understanding and getting yourself motivated every single day to work in the Pentagon is to relate and talk to those operators that are out there around the world trying to help protect all of us but also, as I said, to help deal with a lot of these very important incidents around the world. Now, the one theme of this presentation this morning that I at least wanted to try to emphasize is the fact that this cyberspace, this internet that we're dealing with, as we all know, is very fragile. But I think what we all have, I think, right now in this time, point in time in history, we have an opportunity to make a huge difference. This ecosystem is fragile, but it's amazingly resilient considering the kind of incidents that have occurring or are occurring all the time. But it's still becoming, as we become more connected every single day, this system, this network is something that we all need, not only for many of our jobs, but we all need for our own economic security with our neighbors, with our other nations that are with us. That is really what we're all about. We all have to band together to help protect this fragile ecosystem. So I think events like this at DEF CON and Black Hat I think provide us this opportunity to band together. Obviously, there's lots of very, very important sessions going on on threat and vulnerabilities, but I think if we all band together and move this rock up this massive hill that we've built, this race that we're under to try to deal with the threats, I think all of us will benefit in the long run. Not just folks in the Department of Defense, but all of us that are out there in the private sector dealing with issues related to the normal jobs that we have. And I think that's the second most important message that we're going to get across today. Now, what is this chart here? What this chart here is one that was done back in the late 1990s in 98 by Dr. Moschelli, who wrote this academic piece about the waves of the IT industry. And the reason why this chart is very important is it represented really a good roadmap as to where we are. As I said, when I took this job back in November of 2000, we were not connected in the DOD. We had weapons platforms and we had operations around the world that were not IP at all. We were completely disconnected in most areas. And so the number one job back in 2000 was to connect the network, connect DOD operations around the world. And that's what we've been doing. We've been under this race and I will tell you that here we are in 2009 and a vast majority of DOD operations is connected to this network. Now, that's the good news is we're leveraging this technology to be able to conduct operations around the world and all the richness that it offers. The bad news is it's very exploitable. It's very fragile. And that's why it's a significant challenge to all of us every single day. Because all those operations I just talked about right now depend on this network being available. It depends on that information flowing on that network to have the highest integrity. And that is job number one. And now the other point of this chart is the fact that as we've connected this network following Metclass law, the real sweet spot in Metcast's, excuse me, in Moshella's journal in his piece is the fact that the real sweet spot is content security. Now he wrote this in 1998 and he said, hey, when we have Web 2.0 and Web 3.0 services, he says that's going to be your real challenge. Connecting the network is the easy job. And he is exactly right. We are falling further behind. If you look at it positively, we are in a race to try to help make sure that all these great Web 2.0 technologies that every one of you in this room are leveraging every day are available to all those forces that are out there, all those men and women that are out there using the Department of Defense and more importantly, all those in our country who are leveraging that. And the last thing we want to do and we have this happen every day is someone that says we've got to shut down the network. We've got to shut down U2. We've got to shut down social networking, et cetera, et cetera. That's the last thing that we want to do. And as a security officer, that's the last thing that I want to do. I don't want to be Dr. No. And so, as Moshele said, the key for all of us as security professionals, innovators, is to focus on content-centric operations. How are we going to be able to have this network be available and make sure that information can flow like for that carrier and have it done effectively? So I think this piece right here, I think, is a picture's worth a thousand words. I think this is a good example of... Now, this is another way of looking at it.  And so, the geeks have now taken over. And of course, if we're going to be successful in that previous wave, we've got to deal with that part of the business line. And that's why I believe, and we believe, that working security in the Department of Defense and the National Security Community is an exciting, is a very rewarding profession, because everybody very much respects the skill set, the importance of those geeks. Because they realize we're not going to be able to conduct operations around the world if we don't have those geeks right there beside us every single day. And I think that is probably the biggest shift that's occurred in the department. Where have we been? This is basically where we've been the past 10 to 15 years. Plain Wackermill. And what's happened in the Department of Defense is a realization that this part of dealing with security ain't going to work. And we have to change that. And I think the good news is, the leadership in DOD in the past two and a half years, especially in the last year with this tipping point of things that have occurred around the world, have realized that we have to think differently with security. It's not just castles and moats. It's not just layers of defense and putting up firewalls and IDSs and things like that. It is much more complex. And we've got to change the thinking. We've got to work with industry. We've got to work with security professionals. We've got to work with the hackers. We've got to work with everyone to move away from this, trying just to put out fires all over our network. It ain't going to happen. And we have to come to that realization that there is going to be bad stuff happening inside the network. We have to figure out how to contain it. We have to figure out what's important and protect just the mission critical parts. We have to fight through degradation and learn how to operate when the screens don't work. So when that ship is pulling out the sea and that network goes down, what's my backup plan? Or if I start to lose bandwidth, what is my operational layers to be able to increase bandwidth against the most important mission critical things? So that's really the biggest change. Now, another way of looking at this, I don't know how many of you have read the book written by Rod Beckstrom called The Starfish and Spider. How many of you have read that book? Anybody? Well, I think you should probably read that book. It's a pretty small book. And it's not very geeky, but it's an excellent book that talks about what it's going to be like to operate the 21st century. And it really says in summary that the starfish really is the way we're going to have to operate. I mean, Al-Qaeda, as was said in the book, is really a starfish. They're decentralized. You cut off one piece, another one gets regenerated. The DoD has been like a spider, central command and control. You hit key nodes and we have to shut down operations. And so really what this paradigm shift that I talked about earlier means to us is we have to begin to conduct operations like a starfish. If we lose a key node over here or a key network over here, we have to be able to regenerate. But we have to know about that, not when it happens but proactively. But the other thing that I was telling Rob Beckstrom about in his book is that really the future means we have to leverage many of the attributes of a spider as well. Because what's the biggest attribute of a spider? It's web. The larger the web, it can sense things out there in the network and hopefully when nasty things are going to occur, the web can capture those. So combining the attributes of a starfish, technically, and the attributes of a spider, at a very high level and a simplistic level is where we need to go. And that's why I think that book by Rod and his partner I think is so important. So in summary, just with respect to this part of my presentation, as I said earlier when I started this business, we started off with communication security, Comsec, and we moved to information security and information system security and computer security and information assurance. And now we're at a point in time with cyber security. And why is that different? It's not just branding, it's not just name changes. It really means something very, very important going back to that paradigm shift. And what that means is that up till now we really are not taking into consideration in information assurance time and environment. We're not taking into account when there is a cyber attack, if it's a configure as an example, how quickly proactively are we able to defend and contain that particular type of event? We have to consider time. It doesn't do us any good if it takes us months to patch a piece of software or to be prepared for a particular kind of botnet. We have to consider that time element constantly. The other part we have to consider, especially in the Department of Defense, of all worldwide businesses and operations is we have to consider the environment. Because one day we might have partners or devices on that network that we trust, but then it could be within minutes we say, no, we're seeing some of things on the network there that we don't really see as being normal. We have to take them off the network, at least temporarily. So we have to consider the environmental considerations of people, routers, all sorts of devices, data in a way that allows us to be much more proactive, thinking like that starfish. And so that's why risk management in this world of cybersecurity is so, so important. Now on risk management, let me give you a couple vignettes in my role as the CISO about risk management in the Department of Defense, just to give you a sense. Fallujah. Most of you remember during Iraq, Fallujah was probably one of our most deadliest operations. We were losing a lot of soldiers there every single day, mainly because of IEDs. I had a commander call me up and say, Mr. Lentz, I've got a question for you. My information assurance guy told me I can't use this particular cell phone, this radio, to be able to manage my operations in Fallujah. He said it isn't on the approved list of wireless devices. You can't do it. And I said that doesn't make any sense. He said it has encryption in it. I said the bad guys, this information is so perishable by the time I be able to give the new coordinates to my troops that are in deployment, the information is gone. It doesn't, it isn't any good anymore. So why do I need to care? I love this little commercial device. It's perfect. It's small. It's flexible. It's got good connectivity. I really need this. You know, why can't I use it? And I said, well, I said you and our DOD, we have a policy. You the commander has to make that risk management decision. But you have to have all the information available to you to be able to make that decision. You can't be arrogant about it. You can't have a soldier come in and say, hey, I now have all the answers and you just have to trust me and you just use this. Or you don't want an industry guy to come in and say, let me tell you the greatest plate toy in the world and it solves all your problems. And then what ends up happening is that person takes that radio and let's say for instance in this particular case, that particular wireless device was vulnerable to spoofing or in this case, vulnerable to jamming. And just imagine how we all were driving around in our car with GPS and all of a sudden we lose the signal, the GPS signal at the worst possible time and you say, should I turn right or left? I can't remember. Is it just two streets up or four streets up? I can't remember. I don't have a signal. That's what's going to happen if you use that particular device because it doesn't take much for an adversary to go out there and jam this radio. That's what our policy is telling you right now.  So you need to have all that risk management, all that security information to be able to make that judgment call. And that's what risk management's about but our job as security professionals, everybody in this room, our job is to make sure they get that information and we can interpret it because I don't expect that kernel to be able to have the kind of security smarts that are in this room. I've got to put it in English. I've got to get them to understand it. I've got to do it quickly in cyber time. I have to get him to make that very fast decision ahead of time. So let me give you another example of arrogance. So I had a chance, probably the highlight of my entire career was back in the 1990s. I had a chance to visit 80s. Excuse me. I had a chance to visit with Frank Rowlett. Now how many people here know about Frank Rowlett? Okay. Now turns out he is considered by historians as probably the most famous American when it comes to cryptography and security and we actually named a trophy after him and so I had a chance to go down to Florida to his home. He was 89 years old, 88 years old to meet with him and to tell him that wanted to give him this award and he said, well come on in and visit with me and his wife answered the door and so I had just a private conversation with him in his room in his study for not five minutes but literally he wanted to talk forever. We talked for two and a half hours and we talked about everything under the sun. The one thing he told me was that back in World War II when he was sitting there breaking the Japanese code the Japanese people who were running their communication systems were very arrogant. They told their commanders that you had unbreakable communications. Unbreakable. It can't be touched. There's no way the Americans can get into that system and you're good to go and he said we had their lunch. We were inside, we were reading just about everything and that was perfect and we were waiting for just the right times to be able to use that information because we didn't want to use it all the time because they might figure out that we're into their network or in this case their communication system. So Admiral Yamamoto who was the number one warfighter for the Japanese their George Washington so to speak was flying to Midway on an airplane and they read the code, they knew where he was going to be and when he was going to be and they put out the orders Frank Roulet said to shoot him out of the sky and they did it and it was because of the arrogance of those individuals giving him that information and confidence and that can happen in a business the CEO or an ambassador at an embassy. Don't worry you can use this particular device or this laptop and it's perfect and they go into an area that could potentially be very harmful to anyone and we shot him out of the sky and it was the turning point historians have said for the war and at the same time they went out and developed the number one piece of crypto not anybody know what that crypto was called Sagaba so not only did he help break that communication system he helped build one and I said well sir if there's one piece of advice you want to give me what would be that piece of advice he said the only the best piece of advice I would give you goes back to that Fallujah example is be honest be completely forthright with as a security person in terms of the information that you're giving to that decision maker I don't care if it's a low level decision making process in a small network or a high level one to a senior executive make sure that you're giving him all the information and don't be arrogant if you're not sure about something tell him you're not sure about something because that's the most important thing we had their lunch because of that arrogance so don't make that mistake so that was the number one message I got out of Frank Roulette in a short time after he died and so he's one of the heroes in this business and so to that day I think every one of us in this room has to realize that when you're building a piece of security or you're managing a network make sure you tell them all the information they need them to have in their hands to make decisions on operations so the shift in strategy that I've talked about here in the first moments of my presentation I think are represented here but I want to just highlight the fact that the bottom line is is that for us all of us security professionals we have to be able to successfully enable this shift or we're not going to be successful we're not going to keep up with the threat we're not going to be able to keep up with vulnerabilities that are escalating every single day and we have to realize that we have to move in this arena if we're going to be able to develop and operationalize this resilient cyber ecosystem that all of us depend upon every single one of us and so I think that's the bottom line message that I wanted just to get across to everyone and how we in the Department of Defense have a deeper appreciation of that over the past few years and another way to look at that is in this chart this is one that I actually used when I briefed in the DOD and outside the DOD to national organizations involved in this world and what this chart really represents is two things that are very important the vertical axis of information sharing if you can see that I know in the back of the room it's probably difficult but the vertical axis is the information sharing axis and going back to my earlier point if we cannot assure the protection of that information that vertical axis is not going to move very high and we're going to have impact on operations and so therefore it's absolutely critical as security people that we continue to make sure that we can work with industry and work with academia to have the best solutions possible to allow that vertical axis to move as fast as possible at the same time what are the defensive skill sets and techniques and procedures that we have to put in place to move higher up down this horizontal axis and it's all about deploying a capability that is going to be interoperable against common standards it's going to be policy based against those standards and it's got to have to be resilient because we realize as I said earlier that the bad guys are going to be inside this network all the time we can't prevent that we have to learn how to contain it and we have to be able to learn how to conduct operations with that threat and we have a long way to go climbing this mountain and we need all of you in this room to help us do that and so this is just another way of looking at this strategic shift that we're moving towards in the world of cyber security so let me just now dive just a little bit deeper into some of the trends that we see in this area that are I think at a technical level which I know every one of you are in this room and these are just sort of the high level seven bullets of these technical areas that we're focusing on in the Department of Defense working with academia working with industry and a lot of the nonprofits and many of you probably in this room the first area that we're working on is strengthening the network underpinnings and this involves continuing to work on topics that I know we've talked about before like DNSSEC focusing on border gateway protocols focusing on the transition of IPv4 to IPv6 focusing on IP address exposure and focusing on cloud computing protocols I know at IETF in Stockholm this last week that was a central part of discussions if we aren't working as an example on this area of cloud computing protocols we're not going to be able to move up and that vertical axis very effectively and also when we're talking about cloud security are you going to walk into your boss's office and say hey you can go ahead and use that cloud and have total confidence in that information that's the kind of risk management challenges that we have that's why it's very important that we focus on these network underpinnings to be successful another core area is assured software and systems now we have a lot of effort I really do feel we are starting to turn to corner on software security now where are we somebody asked me at Black Hat where are we in this area what grade would you give us I'd say we're probably on a 1-10 scale maybe a 2 and that's probably being optimistic now the good news is people now realize that software security has to be done effectively and they're focusing on it every single day there's more and more discussions more and more conferences there's more investments by industry including by Microsoft in the software development process and so I really am more optimistic than I've ever been but also there's a realization in the department of defense that we have to focus on system assurance in this regard and what that really means is when we're designing a system from the beginning let's realize that we can't have single points of failure because the software can be fragile and so that's a realization that we're trying to bake that in from the beginning another area is managing the attack surfaces and I think everyone in this room appreciates that we have to really move to moving target defense if we're going to be successful so we are investing a lot of resources into keeping trust zones small or making these trust zones small and manageable we're deploying more and more stateless technologies and multi-domain thin clients throughout our network we're deploying systems and we want to focus more resources on systems that frequently refresh it goes back to that cybersecurity theme of considering the environment and time so that when there is a compromise we can refresh it very quickly we're focusing a lot on virtualization technology we're focusing on hardening key components like the browser like the servers like the scanners we're employing diversity techniques throughout the network to make the job of the intruder more difficult and we're also focusing on morphing vulnerabilities and reconfiguring enclave boundaries in this attack surface area identity assurance is another area identity management and protection that we're focusing on if there's one area that I believe is probably our most important area is identity protection and management we have to be able to get to the COD we have the largest PKI infrastructure in the world and we have to make it easier however because these commanders are having difficulty using it so it's got to be easier to use and we have to leverage federated identity management throughout the network we have to improve the managing the directory content because that really has been the number one problem since PKI was started to be deployed in the 1990s we also have to have a convergence between the physical and the logical layers relative to identity management and assurance so that when I walk into the Pentagon with my Pentagon badge and this isn't it I can get into that Pentagon with the same badge that allows me to get onto my network and I got to be able to use multi-factor authentication that is with biometrics to do that it can save money which is of course what it's all about in today's economy but it also can increase security if we do it right and most important is we have to focus on authorization access controls because we have to have better fidelity of roles to be successful so Bob Lentz is logging on to that network I might have four or five roles and if I'm a doctor in a hospital I'll have multiple roles but maybe one of those is I can't go in and get that particular type of medicine that's somebody else's role we have to have that finer grain of identity program management and for us to be successful in cloud security identity management is absolutely going to be essential and we're pouring a lot of money into that area it's probably the third highest investment that we have in the department in identity management approving cyber awareness in terms of fusing people data, devices, applications all together is a very core priority of ours at a band monitoring at the edge forensics when I was over in Iraq last summer I was just shocked about all the hard drives they're just stored up in these various tents and compounds because of certain incidents that have occurred and they have no capability really easy capability to do forensics on the fly so we need more capability in that area automating security counter this is a good news story tremendous tremendous advances in this area that are so critical for us to be able to tie devices and people and content and data together more effectively so when you go around to see these in the demo areas you'll see CVE and you'll see common weakness enumeration you'll see oval languages being advertised as part of a common standard of industry and that is helping enormously with this risk management challenge that we have we also have ESCAP if you're familiar with that the security content automation protocol which is really critical for that interoperability features of having devices talk to devices which goes to the speed problem and finally mission-based architectures realizing that no defense is perfect and we have to be able to fight through cyber degraded operations we have to be able to restore trust quickly in contested networks or networks that have had spillages that is absolutely critical so this is an area that is getting a lot of attention and I think if there's one thing we're not doing right now in the national security community and also in DOD and even with industry is we're not focusing enough on the far out challenges we're focusing on these near term challenges these one to three year challenges and not the leap year not the 5, 10, 15 year challenges and that's a huge, huge priority that we're trying to shift in working across the community and with industry so these are the technical challenges and opportunities that we see in this area of information assurance and cyber security and let me close now with the most important part of our business line that's the people just like on that carrier that I alluded to earlier the people is really what drives this network if you talk to any red teamer I know there's probably a lot of them in this room they will say that a smart person on the network is the thing that they have to deal with and have to worry about all the time and the good news is a smart person on the network well educated and well trained especially if you've got black belts on the network reconfiguring the network and installing the right kind of security improvements that's job number one and that's why if there's anything that we need to be focusing on at the national level which has gotten a lot of attention thanks to the president is this area of education training and awareness and the good news is I have never seen in my entire career a more concerted effort by at the national level industry level to focus on this area of education and training and awareness any one of you in this room I think who want to seek positions in the government or in industry get scholarships to take advanced training the opportunities are there the resources are there we are shifting significantly from first gear to fourth gear and putting ourselves in overdrive in this area now what does this map represent in front of you as you stare at it these are the what we call the national centers of academic excellence now there are over 106 of these across the United States and these institutions are doing absolutely phenomenal things for information assurance and cyber security just to read you just a few some of them are actually in this room I'm sure the university of advancing technology I don't know if UAT folks are in this room doing phenomenal stuff in terms of creating interactive gain animation and putting security into it the university of Nebraska at Omaha they were the ones that actually have been running the past year cyber exercises and were bringing in international folks in with us and they're actually managing the game of how we deal with defending a network and attacking a network the folks from the university of California Davis and University of North Carolina in Charlotte are focusing on software assurance doing phenomenally important things in software assurance the University of Washington students are focusing on some great areas with the national collegiate cyber defense competition one of the things that I'm most impressed with is the University of Mississippi State University is focusing on training forensics training for wounded warriors so these soldiers that are coming back from Iraq or Afghanistan and have serious serious handicaps dealing with them they're offering free forensics training Mississippi State to them and what's that resulting in is they can leave after they finish from Walter Reed or Bethesda or you name it and they can go out there and get a true profession very well paid profession even with their handicaps and that's another great program New Mexico Tech is focusing on doing training with Native American children phenomenally important works and the list goes on and on these 806 institutions are just doing phenomenal things and I expect this list to grow every day so I encourage you to find out where these institutions are and join them, assist them or help us even increase this list there's also a number of cyber competitions and challenges that are going on some of them you may have read about we have the US cyber challenge which is focusing on high school students college students and that's going to get a lot of attention here shortly we have the what we call the digital forensics challenge just a couple years ago there were just a few teams willing to join that now we have 700 up to 700 teams joining in this digital forensics challenge and if you want more information on that we can get that to you as well we also have scholarship programs the National Science Foundation scholarship for service program is a phenomenally great program we go meet those folks it's just amazing how passionate and how good they are at cyber security and the same thing is true for our DoD information assurance scholarship program so in closing the bottom line is is that this profession that we're all in in my opinion actually exceeds the importance of the green movement that's going on dealing with things like solar energy and things like that if we have a cyber green movement starting out of this conference and we can have it propel itself throughout this country I think in the next several years we can begin the process of helping us strengthen this very fragile ecosystem called the internet so that every one of us can be able to conduct business with confidence so I think if there's one final message I say to you is that if you're interested in seeking the kind of jobs the kind of partnerships even if you want to stay in the private sector there are plenty out there the infusion of resources in cyber security is amazing and the types of positions the exciting positions that are out there I think are rewarding and are plentiful and I look forward maybe next year when I'm here to hopefully hearing from many of you who have been successful in getting those kind of positions so I'd like to thank you again and I'll stay around to answer a few questions but I'd like to really just say again I appreciate your service to this very very valuable field, thank you very much


The quest for the ancient fairy dragon ghost ends today What's up guys? We're back with another epic video You have seen me open a ton of ancient prophecy packs recently searching for that ghost rare for one person in particular EX gamer has gone to ruxen34.com and bought a absolute ton of these packs So our goal today with the last 30 packs from the website is to pull him the ghost rare So if you guys want to buy packs check out ruxen34.com they can be shipped to you They can be opened by me etc. Check out the website if you want to do that. Let's get into the giveaway I'll be giving away these three cards. That's an original pre-entered burial a reprint Celtic guardian any first edition water dragon All you got to do like this video be subscribed. Let me know. Do you think ex gamer will succeed in his quest? He sent me a huge speech that's really long So I'm gonna put it up on the screen so you guys can see what he said But basically he's saying why do I buy these packs? He buys them because he believes in the heart of the cards and these are the last 30 packs Now's the time to believe in the heart of the cart. So let's go ahead and do this guys. I'm pretty excited I have a good feeling about these packs ghost rare ancient fairy pretty big ghost rare card 5d's pretty expensive So let's see what we can pull him. All right Let's get into this opening the final ancient prophecy for probably a while unless we get to hold us some more All right, we've had some pretty awesome videos recently. It seems like you guys really like them We had the tin opening we had the PSA return which was amazing and then we had the wish video Which was a lot of fun So go check those out if you guys missed those three videos some good stuff So we got a brain research lab blackwing fame the steel chain is gonna show us today Discord ah, I don't know if you guys have heard but if you guys want to become a YouTube member Check it out down below in the description. It says become a member you can click on there You get access to emotes badges discord You get early access to box brace as well as discounts in there as well and sometimes on the website So check that out discord. We always pull this guy. I think he's just trying to plug the discord Blackwing fame steel chain. That's number one 30 packs put your guesses down below how many blackwing fame steel chains. That's already number one on what pack number one Good start good start All right ghost rare is our goal here ghost rare. I am excited for this video I really just want this to happen battle tell you got a hydro pressure battle of the elements Solidarity in a dark sea float. Okay, ooh the scary mob. I saw people were actually considering using this because the new insect archetype coming out of Donna majesty. Yeah, Donna majesty the one word gonna open 10 cases I did hear from sassy Otto, which is where I get my cases He said there is a little bit of a delay So I'm hoping that we can get the cases by Saturday to do the live stream But I'll keep you guys updated if there are delays But for now we're planning on doing a live stream on Saturday and opening till we get started starlight Magiket spirit burner, so if it doesn't happen We'll just delay it to a different day, but that would be kind of a bummer But there's a lot of delays shipping the Donna majesty product just in general It's not just him so he hasn't even gotten it yet, so he can't ship it to me So we got the shark cruiser. We've got the sword of sparkles hydro pressure. Let's get ex gamer this We got a flame though commander Commando, I think it's our first time pulling this guy or maybe we pulled it. I don't remember this though Okay, we've got two foils already ultra rare and super rare not bad Next pack two packs out of two out of four hollows. I'm two hollows out of four back So I'm trying to say you know, I'm trying to say here guys. Okay, armored ax on kicker Let's go battle the ellies. We've got a sword of sparkles out one with a sword Flame belt fire dog and the scary moth again and the black wing Mistral very well on to the next one Let's go xx sabre reggagura genetic woman water hazard xx sabre fall troll this one. I think was like a $9 card last time. I think that's right, so Pretty good. We'll take that Scary moth. Okay, let's try one from the left side of stack left stack of packs scientist I don't know what I'm saying today guys I do not know what I'm saying, but we will continue until we pull this come on Let's get a ghost rare battle telly hydro pressure pseudo space and a quanky mirror boulder You have to believe the x-gamer believes that we're gonna pull it. So let's see if we can pull it for him It would be the ultimate the ultimate Story he started off with a few packs He got more and then eventually he finally bottom all shops a gap. Okay, and He did it. He pulled it That's the goal. That's what we want. That's what let the storyline to be Right now it is two foils. That's the storyline Which is not that exciting Okay, we got the genetic woman water hazard ancient leaf axon kicker with a solidarity sunny pixie So far not too exciting. Okay. We've got a couple of tags here. Will we get more tags?  It's two tags to one a fainting steel chain. These are upside down, which is interesting Some well that was not upside down xx saber regular guru rain research battle telly Okay, so the rare was upside down flame. They'll fire dog, which does happen sometimes a little weird, but it does happen So far two foils or three foils Sorry fall troll was the third and it's like a probably the best one so far. It's really good crimson a we got the iron core Luster battle telly hydro pressure cannon turbo rocket and a slip of fortune Wow, scary moth again it only one black wing fainting steel chain This might be the least we've ever seen fainting steel chain Which might be a good thing because we haven't pulled a ghost yet So maybe a less fainting we were getting closer to the ghost you get a counter arm see hunter water hazard. I thought it was it ancient fairy dragon. We have an ultra rare Okay, it's pretty good. Didn't we pull in the ultimate rare? So now he has the ultra and the ultimate You guys know what comes next ultra ultimate ghost I Believe I believe I thought that was it. I was like I just literally couldn't even say anything and it was It wasn't it but it was close Now let's make it happen brain research battle telly Kwaki mirror Grava rose okay another ultra rare pretty good So that's three ultra is already and one good super most the other super get three two good supers We got discord of course. I'm honestly shocked only one Black wing fainting steel chain so far that is interesting only one So, uh, who knows this might be a sign guys as soon as I said that we pulled the ultra rare version of a ancient fairy So was it confirming my beliefs here? We got a water hazard ancient leaf armored axon brain research and a solidarity scary moth yet again A lot of those last four commons have been the same like nearly every time normally.   All right Less than half the packs left because we've already taken a couple off this side Less than half shark cruiser. I've won with the sword ancient crimson ape iron core luster Falky on B That's why we're getting very close Very close step back wing fainting steel chain Free x-gamer Will we pull it form hydro pressure can and battle the elements xx saber reggagura? Card blocker we got a secret rare Okay, it's been a pretty good opening so far. We've got a secret rare. We've got an ancient fairy We've got two other ultras two supers Very good very good pulls so far because the Bracken you guys know we pulled a misprint of this Yes, you did because I told you a million times, but We will pull that ghost We'll pull that ghost come on Let's do this Battletellie we got the hydro pressure cannon battle of the elements reggagura dark sea rescue No black wing No black wing fain the steel chain guys ghost rare Ancient fairy dragon here.  That's really weird Yeah Interesting I'm guessing it's not that good because synchros, you know don't really get played anymore So even back then I bet it wasn't great, but Okay, I made your upset. We got a fish Borg blast.  That's pretty good. Okay, let's make it a ghost right now sort of sparkles Hydro pressure can we got the cyborg doctor. Come on Skill successor we always pull this guy. You can barely tell he's a super rare, but he is Yeah, not probably not the best one, but it is a super rare a few more packs Believe for the ghost rare for EX gamer. Let's do this Let's get it for him. All right, let's get rid of the extra tag That's three of those now versus one one black wing fain the steel chain somehow sharp cruiser Earthbound immortal Caca chelua chaka chelua.  There we go another ultra We pulled that chaka chelua guy We pulled him a lot and now we pull our second black wing fain steel chain finally. Oh my goodness That took forever. Maybe like eight packs left or something out of 30. This is actually been a crazy opening for ultra's two secrets That's really good.  It's a race now. It's a race. I wonder how many you guys guess I'm guessing you guys guessed a lot higher than what we're at right now Because normally we get like eight to ten. We've only got three so far.  What is this consistent error? That's interesting So you get the crap on the speeder and that's apparently normal, which is very weird advanced strong. Okay Very strange a few packs left Let's go at one with the sword crimson a because iron core luster Oh guy a plate the earth giant we love to pull this guy too. Is that a fifth ultra rare? Um This is a lot of foils This is a lot of foils a lot of ultras. This is a ton of ultras Which is good We just we're looking for the ghost for though. Can we trade those off for the ghost sharing and maybe psychic soul sharp cruiser? Oh Beast King bar beast machine King Barbarossa. Was this guy wear something too? It might have been I can't remember Okay, pixie ring pretty good another another foil. What is it four packs left for EX gamer? Oh, here we go It's a battle now All right, we got the uh We got the white tag that makes it five to three of the black wing Armored ax on kicker.  Okay, three more We must get the ghost rare come on for EX gamer He believes let's do this for him a major upset. We got a fish board blaster psychic soul Fossil dig and a jester lord. Okay? Last two last two packs of the 30 believe I Sounded really weird right there, but we're not we're not changing it. That's just how it's gonna be Believe all right, I can't just can't say that very well. It's kind of hard rag-a-gura. Oh Another ultimate where an ultimate red He did pull a commando. We pulled this for him last time. We pulled an ultimate rare flame though commando Now we've got another one. Okay. We've got an ultimate rare now So we've got two seagull rares and ultimate rare five ultra. This is crazy Okay, time out time out. We gotta do we gotta look at this. Okay, so we have one two three four supers We have one two three four five Ultras one being the cover card two secrets and an ultimate so that is what? 12 foils so far out at 29 That's pretty good with a lot of them being high rarity. So here we go final pack Will it in with a ghost rare? Let's make it 13 foils. Let's go psychic soul fossil dig flame veil counter and Kwaki mirror goongie light Wow, it's always this guy. It's always the goongie light. That's a sixth ultra rare by the way But it's not over. Don't go anywhere.  So I sold all the 10 pack lots, but I had a couple of extra packs. So EX gamers bought a ton of packs from the website. He hasn't pulled what he's looking for We have these three extra packs We're gonna give him these packs and hopefully pull him the ghost rare right here out of these three extra packs But these are literally the last three. I have no more the ex gamer. This is it. This is all I got dude So, uh, let's hope we can pull it out of here ghost rare. We got a white potent Aegis, okay, it's still good though two ancient berries. That's seven ultra rares This is a crazy opening Okay, come on that is such a troll could have been the ultimate and we would have taken that two more packs Don't wait. Don't wait. Let's look at this real quick. Let's look at this real quick after showing the 12 foils We pulled back-to-back ultra's so now we have 14 and seven ultra's seven ultra rares Aren't those like to a box in this so like one out of every 12 so it usually take you 84 packs to pull about many Wow, okay, two more packs a lot of ultra's, but you know we're here for We're here for ghosts. We got a water hazard ancient leaf armored ax on kicker flame-billed commando an eighth ultra rare This is insane eight ultra rares. We're pulling an ultra nearly every three packs That is crazy like or like between three and four. Oh my goodness This is unbelievable. Also only two black wing fainting steel chains, which is really crazy three sorry and the final pack of the quest for now Hopefully it ends right here Eight ultra rares today, which is crazy two secret rears and ultimate rare We need one more rarity It's called a ghost dragon ancient prophecy. Here we go. Let's get the ancient fairy dragon armed sea hunter divine dragon aqua bizarre Psychic soul here. We go our final chance free x-gamer believe fossil day fossil dig ah Unfortunately, we will not get the ghost rare One day we will pull it. However, we did pull like 15 foils out of 33 packs one two three four super only four supers one two three four five six seven eight Ultra rares that's nuts then two secrets and an ultimate rare. I have never seen that many ultra rares at once. That is crazy That's pretty awesome Fortunately, we didn't get the ghost rare, but it was a good time ex gamer Thanks again for supporting the channel by purchasing on ruxin34.com. I'm glad you got some good stuff at least Hopefully you can get that ghost rare at some point and if you guys want to buy stuff for me Just check out the link of the description to ruxin34.com, but it's just that ruxin34.com and you're there And that's over this video. I'll see you guys later peace Shining of this