Now this evening we're talking about the pre-incarnate Christ, the pre-incarnate Christ. This is our series on Christology. We're calling the series The Glorious Christ, roughly 18 sermons or so on the best subject matter imaginable. I love your prayer, brother. It's like we have no want because we have you. What a glorious blessing the Lord Jesus Christ is. And so it's a great joy for us to be able to consider him during these sermons on the glorious Christ over the next 17, 18 weeks. And this evening in particular we're discussing the pre-incarnate Christ, the pre-incarnate Christ. And I thought a good place to begin would be a text that we have looked at before in our study through John on Sunday mornings. And that is the prologue of the Gospel of John, John chapter one beginning in verse one, where the Bible says verse one in the beginning was the word and the word was with God and the word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him and without him nothing was made that was made. In him was life and the life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it and dropped down to verse 14. And the word, that word which is the subject of John's prologue, the word became flesh and dwelt among us. And we beheld his glory, the glory as of the only begotten of the Father full of grace and truth. John bore witness of him and cried out saying, this was he of whom I said, he who comes after me is preferred before me, for he was before me. And of his fullness we have all received in grace for grace. For the law was given through Moses, but grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son who is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him. The pre-incarnate Christ. When we consider the person of the Lord Jesus Christ from the scriptures, we have to remind ourselves when we go through these sermons and as we're working through this series that we're not simply talking about theology. Right? This is not a novel theological discussion or idea. John in John chapter one, John through the gospel of John, isn't writing these words. He's not writing his gospel to introduce a concept. You're not being introduced to an ideology, a religious system per se, or a philosophy, an idea. You're being introduced to a person, a person of the Lord Jesus Christ. According to John chapter 20 verse 31, John's purpose for writing is to prove that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and that believing in him, his person and his work, you and I might have life in his name. So the gospel of John, if you think of chapter 20 verse 31, you might think that that was only referring to unbelievers. But the gospel of John is not written merely or only to unbelievers. Believers too must persevere in their believing. They must believe in his name, going on to believe in his name, and endure to the end believing in his name to be saved. So the Holy Spirit through the pen of John teaches that we must abide in him, in the person and work, abide in those promises, abide in the person of the Lord Jesus Christ. John chapter 15 verse 6, Jesus says, if anyone does not abide in me, he is cast out as a branch and is withered.  These things have eternal significance. We're not just talking about good information. This is information for transformation, right? Good information for life transformation. We're talking about a person. The Holy Spirit through these texts and through his presentation of the Lord Jesus Christ, both Old Testament and New Testament, intends to, through that revelation, intends to awaken faith in the unbeliever and sustain or preserve faith in the believer. And one person has said that there may be no better book in the Bible than the Gospel of John to help us to see that and to treasure Christ above all. For that reason, we can't simply consider Christ as we work through our series on Christology. We can't simply consider these things about Christ, these aspects of his character, his attributes. We can't consider them merely from our head. We need that information to make its way from our head to our heart and we need to consider these things and meditate on these things from the heart. These things should provoke awe, should provoke worship, should provoke wonder and amazement at who the Lord Jesus Christ is. Paul said, great is the mystery of godliness. God was manifested in the flesh, justified in the spirit, seen by angels, preached among the Gentiles, believed on in the world and received up in glory. We should be enamored with those things. Those should cause our affections for him to rise. So tonight as we continue our study of Christology, we're considering the pre-incarnate Christ. Jesus is often thought of as being in three different states or modes of existence. We think of Jesus in his pre-existent state, referenced here in John 1.1. We think of Jesus in his earthly or his temporal human existence when he took on flesh, came in the form of a man being found in the appearance of a man, his incarnation, and then lastly, the heavenly state of exaltation and glory after his resurrection from the dead. However, we think about it together. I know we've introduced these concepts as we've been working through the gospel of John. From the time of his incarnation, he is and forever will be the God-man, 100% God, fully God, 100% man, fully man. In our study of John, we've come to see that his humiliation, his humbling when he took on flesh, when he made himself of no reputation, in his humiliation, in his incarnation, that incarnation, that humiliation led to and was encompassed in or enveloped in what would become his subsequent exaltation in his suffering at Calvary. And both his humiliation and his subsequent exaltation and his subsequent glory in heaven are all connected together in his person and work as the God-man. So as we consider that, then it's best to think of the Lord Jesus Christ as consisting in two states, not three. His pre-existent state and his incarnation, his pre-incarnate state and his humiliation and exaltation. And those two states, masterfully, beautifully, clearly, profoundly stated in the prologue of John's gospel, John chapter one, verse one. His pre-incarnate state in the beginning was the Word. The Word was with God and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him and without him, nothing was made that was made. He pre-existed all creation. In him was life. He is the source of life and the life was the light of men. And the light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it. That's his pre-incarnate state. Now we have the coming of the God-man. Look at verse 14, the coming of the God-man and the Word, that Word became flesh. It was not a beginning, it was a becoming, right? Not a beginning of becoming. That Word became flesh and dwelt among us and we beheld his glory. The glory is of the only begotten of the Father full of grace and truth. And John bore witness of that, cried out saying, this is he of whom I said, he who comes after me is preferred before me, for he was before me. And of his fullness, we have all received grace for grace. The law was given through Moses, grace and truth came through Jesus Christ. No one has seen God at any time. The only begotten Son, now incarnate, who is in the bosom of the Father, he has declared him. So why is this important to understand? We consider these states of the Lord Jesus Christ specifically tonight, his pre-incarnate state. Why is it important to understand what that's all about? There's many reasons. And listen, we will be meditating on and considering and worshipping the Lord for these realities for all of eternity, right? Worshipping the person of the Lord Jesus Christ. There are many reasons, but here's a start, okay? And we're going to just scratch the surface tonight on this subject. There are many who would say that Jesus Christ is nothing more than a prophet, no more than a great teacher. Lord Jesus Christ is simply a great example of the moral life that people should live. He's an example of love, an example of compassion. He certainly is, amen? But that's merely and only what he is. Just an example of compassion. They have respect for Jesus. Many would say that he is a great man. Deepak Chopra says that Jesus is a state of consciousness that we can all aspire to. Whatever that means. The Dalai Lama says that Jesus is either a fully enlightened human being or a very high spiritual realization. Whatever that is. Mahatma Gandhi. He was certainly the highest example of one who wished to give everything, asking nothing in return, not caring what creed might happen to be professed by the recipient. You can get that, not caring what creed might happen to be professed by the recipient.  He goes on, I'm sure that if you were living here now among men, he would bless the lives of many who perhaps have never even heard of his name. If only their lives embodied the virtues of which he was a living example on earth. Mormons, Jehovah's Witnesses, Oneness Pentecostals, they all give honor to a false Christ while dishonoring the true Christ of the Bible. And one has said, if Christ shares the nature of God, then we are called to worship him without cessation, obey him without hesitation, love him without reservation, and serve him without interruption. To him be the glory forever. Amen. John's chief reason, again many reasons to consider the pre-incarnate state, the nature of the Lord Jesus Christ. John's chief reason is this, that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God, and the believing you may have life in his name. Again, let's consider John 1.1. In the beginning was the Word, was the Word. In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. All things were made through him. Without him nothing was made that was made. In him was life. Life was the light of men. The light shines in the darkness and the darkness did not comprehend it. This is a clear statement. John 1.1, a clear statement of the eternality, the eternality of the Word of God, the eternal Son. There never was a time when the Word was not. The Word always was. When the beginning started, Christ was already present. Do you see? There was a time when there was no universe. There was a time when there was no matter, no space, no time, but there never was nothing because the Word always was. All other things in these verses are said to have come into beginning. Verse 3, all things came into being. Verse 3, without him nothing came into being that came into being. Verse 6, there came into being a man whose name was John. Verse 10, the world came into being. Everything came into being, but the Word was using a verb to mean to be. That verb, I mean, in the present active indicative, it means he was always and continually present. It's a present active. You can't speak of the Lord Jesus Christ really as being in any way eternally in the past tense or eternally ever stopping being in the future tense. He was and is and is to come. This speaks of the words pre-existence, pre-existence. He was not a beginning but a becoming. Before Abraham was, I am, the Lord Jesus Christ said. Revelation chapter 1, verse 8, he is the Alpha and the Omega. He is interminable, no beginning and no end, infinite, induration, eternal, existing outside of time. And as such, there can be no distinction between deity and pre-existence, between deity and eternality. They co-exist. He is God in the flesh because he is, is, like always. There is no distinction between deity and eternality. John 1-1, 1 John 1-1, that which was from the beginning, when is that eternity past? That which was from the beginning, which we have heard, which we have seen with our eyes, which we have looked upon and our hands have handled concerning the word of life, the Lord Jesus Christ. If that's the case, if that's the case, then we should expect to see evidence of Jesus Christ, the Son of God, the second person of the Trinity throughout the Old Testament, shouldn't we? And we do. He is God. He is the second person of the Trinity. He has always existed. He was there in the beginning with God. We should expect to see him throughout the scriptures and we do. In John chapter 5, verse 39, the Lord says, you search the scriptures, for in them you think you have eternal life, but these are they which testify of me. What scriptures was he referring to? It's the Old Testament, the Old Testament. Luke chapter 24, in verse 25, when he was giving a gentle rebuke to Cleopas, he said to them as they walked along the road on the way to Emmaus, oh foolish ones and slow of heart to believe in all that the prophets have spoken, ought not the Christ to have suffered these things and to enter into his glory and beginning at Moses and all the prophets, he expounded to them in all the scriptures, the things concerning himself. As we look at the Bible, Old Testament, New Testament of course, we see Jesus Christ in terms of his pre-incarnate state in many ways in the scriptures. We see the Lord Jesus Christ in the fulfillment of all these Old Testament promises. We're going to be looking at those as we work through this text in John chapter 19 on Sunday mornings. He is the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, promises. We see him as the subject of Old Testament prophecies. There were many prophecies in the Old Testament written about the Lord Jesus Christ. We can see the Lord Jesus Christ pre-incarnate as the subject of these promises, as the subject of these prophecies. We also see him, we see him in the Old Testament on the pages of scripture. Turn with me to Genesis chapter 16. I'm going to spend a few minutes speaking about this particular aspect of his pre-incarnate state from the scriptures. One of the first examples that we have is in Genesis chapter 16. We have time tonight just to give you a few examples of many in the Bible. That's maybe a subject you want to take up and consider for yourself in your own personal study. Well worth your time. Genesis chapter 16, and this is when an account of Abram and Sarai, Abram is impatient, Sarai impatient here, showing weakness, a lack of faith, and trusting God for the child of promise. Abraham is sent into her maid servants quarters. Abraham taking matters into his own hand goes to lie with Hagar. Hagar has Ishmael. We drop down to verse 7. Hagar with Ishmael have been cast out. It says in verse 7, that now the angel of the Lord found her by a spring of water in the wilderness, by the spring on the way to sure. And he said, this is the angel of the Lord speaking to Hagar. He said verse 8, Hagar, Sarai's maid. Where have you come from and where are you going? She said, I am fleeing from the presence of my mistress Sarai. The angel of the Lord said to her, return to your mistress and submit yourself under her hand. Then the angel of the Lord said to her, I will multiply your descendants exceedingly so that they shall not be counted for multitude. And the angel of the Lord said to her, behold, you are with child. You shall bear a son. You shall call his name Ishmael because the Lord has heard your affliction. He shall be a wild man. His hand shall be against every man and every man's hand against him. And he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren. And look at Hagar's response here to the angel of the Lord in verse 13. Then she called the name of the Lord who spoke to her, you are the God who sees. For she said, have I also here seen him who sees me? Therefore the well was called Bir Lahai Roy. Observe it is between Kadesh and Barad. So Hagar bore Abram a son. Abram named his son whom Hagar bore Ishmael. Abram was 86 years old when Hagar bore Ishmael to Abraham. Now Genesis chapter 16, we're introduced here to the angel of the Lord. The Hebrew word for angel, Malak, had the basic idea of one who is sent. An angel meant a messenger. One commentator said this, of the 214 usages of the Hebrew term used for angel in the Old Testament. About one third of them refer to what is labeled by theologians as a Christophany, a temporary appearance of Christ in the Old Testament. And here specifically we see Hagar referring to the God whom she sees and the God who sees her. Flip the page and look at Genesis 22. Genesis 22. And again we're looking specifically at Old Testament appearances of the pre-incarnate Christ. Pre-incarnate Christ. Genesis chapter 22 looked down at verse 6, the account of Abraham about to sacrifice his only son Isaac. Verse 6, so Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering and he laid it on Isaac his son and he took the fire in his hand and a knife and the two of them went together. Isaac spoke to Abraham his father and said, my father, and he said, here I'm, I, my son. Then he said, look the fire and the wood, but where's the lamb for a burnt offering? And Abraham said, my son, God will provide for himself the lamb for a burnt offering and so the two of them went together. Then they came to the place of which God had told him and Abraham built an altar there and placed the wood in order and he bound Isaac his son and laid him on the altar upon the wood. Abraham stretched out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. Verse 11, but the angel of the Lord called to him from heaven and said, Abraham, Abraham, so he said, here I am. The angel of the Lord said, verse 12, do not let your hand on the lad or do anything to him for now I know that you fear God since you have not withheld your son, your only son from me. Then Abraham lifted his eyes and looked there behind him was a ram caught in a thicket by its horns. So Abraham went, took the ram, offered it up for a burnt offering instead of his son and Abraham called the name of the place the Lord will provide as it is said to this day in the mount of the Lord it shall be provided. Then the angel of the Lord called to Abraham a second time out of heaven and he said, by myself I have sworn says the Lord. So we have the angel of the Lord in Genesis chapter 16 in Genesis chapter 22 we hear the voice of the angel of the Lord out of heaven and the angel of the Lord in verse 15 identifies himself as the Lord swearing by himself as the Lord often has and does by myself I have sworn says the Lord because you have done this thing, have not withheld your son your only son blessing I will bless you multiplying I will multiply you, I will multiply your descendants as the stars of heaven and as the sand which is on the seashore and your descendants shall possess the gate of their enemies in your seat all the nations of the earth shall be blessed because you have obeyed my voice what voice is that it's the angel of the Lord it's God himself. So Abraham returned to his young man they rose and went together to Beersheba Abraham dwelt at Beersheba look at Isaiah chapter 6 again time prevents us here but just a few examples of many Isaiah chapter 6 Isaiah chapter 6 and look at verse 1 we're familiar with this text Isaiah chapter 6 verse 1 in the year that king Uzziah died I Isaiah speaking here saw the Lord sitting on a throne high and lifted up what is God the catechism question goes right God is spirit spirit invisible here Isaiah says I saw the Lord sitting on a throne high and lifted up the train of his robe filled the temple above it stood seraphim each one had six wings with two he covered his face with two he covered his feet and with two he flew and one cried to another and said holy holy holy is the Lord of hosts the whole earth is full of his glory and the posts of the door were shaken by the voice of him who cried out and the house was filled with smoke so I said Isaiah said in verse 5 woe is me for I am undone because I am a man of unclean lips and I dwell in the midst of a people of unclean lips for my eyes have seen the king the Lord of hosts and one of the seraphim flew to me having it in his hand a live coal which he had taken with the tongs from the altar and he touched my mouth with it and said behold this has touched your lips your iniquity has taken away your sin purged he also heard the voice of the Lord saying whom shall I send and who will go for us and I said here am I send me flip with me to John chapter 12 John chapter 12 want corroborating evidence of who specifically Isaiah saw here in Isaiah chapter 6 we find that testified of in John chapter 12 and look down beginning at verse 37 so this is John chapter 12 verse 37 where John writes but although he had done so many signs before them speaking of the Lord Jesus Christ they did not believe in him so that verse 38 the word of Isaiah the prophet might be fulfilled which he spoke Lord who has believed our report and to whom as the arm of the Lord been revealed that's a quotation directly from Isaiah chapter 6 right we were just in that text a quote from Isaiah chapter 6 verse 39 therefore they could not believe because Isaiah said again he has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts lest they should see with their eyes lest they should understand with their hearts in turn so that I should heal them again another quotation directly from Isaiah chapter 6 then look at what John says in verse 41 these things Isaiah said when he saw his glory and spoke of him what's the antecedent to his and him he's speaking of the Lord Jesus Christ Isaiah saw and Isaiah 6 Isaiah saw the Lord Jesus Christ on his throne high and lifted up the train of his robe filling the temple above his throne stood seraphim six wings two he covered his face two he covered his feet with two he flew and they cried before the throne of the Lord Jesus Christ in heaven holy holy holy is the Lord of hosts the whole earth is full of his glory I notice here for example for a minute that I've given you concrete examples we're looking at concrete examples of where scripture clearly states that this is a pre-incarnate appearance of the Lord Jesus Christ and there's a warning in this and the warning is this that with these things don't become speculative you know don't become imaginative with the word of God as it relates to these things speculation does not lead to sanctification all right we can't become speculative and many people have become speculative over these kinds of things one preacher said that God's people need solid food not possible food right we're not to be enamored with those things that might be we're to focus on those things that are God's people need better powers of observation not better powers of speculation right when you think of other places was it was it the Lord Jesus Christ who was said to have walked in the cool of the day in the garden with Adam and Eve we can't speculate about those things we're looking specifically at concrete examples from scripture that tell us clearly who the angel of the Lord was and when he appeared and how he appeared and who he was when he appeared a better awe and a better appreciation will be for what the scripture reveals as what is not what might be we have to dig for what is actually in the text considering our time other than what we see in the pre-incarnate appearances of Christ and the Old Testament what was the pre-incarnate state of the Son of God the pre-incarnate state of the Son of God we have various examples of this in scripture one comes from John chapter 17 verse one I'm just going to read that to you John 17 Jesus spoke these words he lifted up his eyes to heaven and he said father the hour has come glorify your son that your son also may glorify you you have given him authority over all flesh that he should give eternal life to as many as you have given him and this is eternal life that they may know you the only true God and Jesus Christ whom you have sent I have glorified you on the earth I have finished the work that you have given me to do and now oh father glorify me together with yourself with the glory which I had with you before the world was the glory that he had with God before his incarnation included in that glory that pre-incarnate glory of the Son of God in the words of Micah in chapter five verse two you Bethlehem Ephrata though you are little among the thousands of Judah yet out of you shall come forth to me the one to be ruler in Israel whose going forth goings forth are from old from everlasting in other words he was eternal he was also eternally the lamb of God revelation chapter 13 verse 8 it was granted to him to make war with the saints and to overcome them and authority was given him over every tribe tongue and nation all who dwell on the earth will worship him whose names have not been written in the book of life of the lamb slain when from the foundation of the world right eternally the lamb of God he was eternally the son in John chapter five eternally the son this is called the doctrine of the eternal generation of the son John chapter five verse 24 most assuredly I say to you the Lord Jesus Christ speaking he who hears my word and believes in him who has sent me has everlasting life and shall not come into judgment but has passed from death into life most assuredly I say to you the hour is coming and now is when the dead will hear the voice of the Son of God and those who hear will live for as the father has a life in himself so he has granted the Son this is eternal granting the eternal generation he has granted the Son to have life in himself he was eternally the Son he was eternally the only begotten the unique Son of God so much to say so much to consider this should provoke God's people to worship amen let's pray Father in heaven when we thank you for what your word reveals of your Son our Lord the Lord Jesus Christ we worship you and we praise you Lord for who you are and what you have done for sinners all glory praise honor blessing dominion majesty be to the lamb who sits on the throne we praise you and we worship you and we thank you for what you've done to save us to redeem us to bear the penalty that was due us for our sin and we will forever worship the lamb who lamb who was slain from before the foundation of the world thank you Lord for these immeasurable and infinite gifts it's for your glory God we know for our good we love you and thank you for it in Jesus name amen


Y Llywydd, gwaith ymlaen i'r gweithio yr anolwyr yma yn ymlaen i gael ar y gweithio ar y llywodau oesol, ac y 8-th ystod y Llywodraeth Stephen Padgett yn y Llywodraeth Cymru, ac mae'n gweithio yma o Professor Symar Gwellport. Ym gyfnod Jeremy Pearson, rwy'n gyffredinol i'r Gweithio Llywodraeth Cymru, Felly, mae'n gweithio'r llyfr ffyrwyr rhai cyd-dweithio i'r ffordd cyd-dweithio'r gweithio'r hunain fwrdd yn oedd yn ei wneud. Mae'r ddadfod 109 syniadau at y Cymru, ac mae'r gweithio'r bydd yn ymddangos i ddweithio'r gweithio. Mae'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio, felly mae'n glas. Felly, rydw i wedi bod yn gwneud. Rwy'n credu i gyd ymweld o'r rhan o'r ffordd o'r meddygol yn gynghwylwyr. Rwy'n credu i'r ffordd o'r meddygol yn gweithio'r cymhwyl. Rwy'n credu i'w meddygol ymddygol yn cymrydau'r cyfnod o uddyn nhw, oedd yn iawn o'r gwybod ymddangos o'r rhwng o'r rhwng. Rwy'n credu i'n mynd i ddim yn ychydig, oherwydd ym mwy o'r gwaith o'r rhwng. Felly, mae'r cwmhreithio'n wneud i gynnwysgwil ym maen nhw'n gweithio'r wneud a'r bwysig. Rwy'r gweithio'n gweithio'n gwybod y maen nhw'n ddweud ond rwy'n eu cyfwng ymddirioneddau'n cyd Ymddirioneddau a'r ddweud i'r cyfwng yn cyfwng wedi wneud o'r gweithio'n cyfwng. Mae'r bwysig gyda'r cyfeiwch cymdeithi'n gweithio'r gweithio'r gweithio'n cyfrwng a'u ddweud i'r gweithio'n cyfrwng. The report vocces on some of the barriers to theён-en-filch point of view and shows fears of activism and openness carries risk to the scientist, the technicals and those LG 나오 in the sector. Meanwhile, every year we do see greater evidence that openness works. It's never been easier for interested members of the public to find about how their local universities use animals in science. Advertise jobs now openly and more widely so ensuring Yn gyllidiau'r bettergiadau yn gwahanol i fynd y ddylunio ar frost Argympertyn a'r cydylunio'r sydd wedi'u hynny ymgylchedd y sydd yn vitaminol yw'r cyfrannu gwathag arddangos fel gyfnodol. when they communicate about them. This year, staff from both learned societies and funders without animal facilities of their own have had the opportunity to visit research organisations and see animals for themselves. And increasing numbers of institutions have opened their doors to students and engaged them in ethical discussions about animal research. This change has been enormous and we should all be proud of the work done to make our sector more visible. Through them. Not everyone will agree with the research that is carried out and some of the communications work is still challenging. One of the most difficult asks of the Concordat is that signatories are mindful to communicate the harms and limitations of research as well as the benefits so that they reflect the experience of the animals and allow people to make truly reflective judgements about research. And that must be balanced with the organisation needs to champion their research I di unexpected message to say with you. We believe that shining a light on research practice and making animal research more visible actually leads to improved welfare as we all want to be known for excellent practices in research as well as reducing the need for activists to expose us. So tonight's awards represent excellent practice in communications around the use of animals in research. The winners are those that are pushing the boundaries of openness and leading by example. I'd like to thank all the sponsors for their support this evening and thank the judging committee for their time and thoughtful deliberations. And they ensure that the awards encompass many facets of openness and meet the aims of the Concordat. So, with that introduction, it's time for our first award, which will be presented by Dame Bridget Ogilvy. Bridget is a parasatologist and an immunologist who I'm sure is known to many of you. In addition to her research on immune responses in parasitic worms, she's well known for promoting public engagement with science, and she's a past and current board member of many of the organisation's representative here tonight. Please join me in welcoming Dame Bridget Ogilvy. Thank you very much, Chairman. It's a great pleasure to be here. In my research days for the medical research council, I use very large numbers of animals. And so, I'm very well aware of what a crucial issue this is, and so delightful to see how the openness with which people are now beginning to behave in this sector. Now, my task is to give the award for internal sector engagement. Now, we've had many entries in this category, which included two individuals as well as institutions. And I must apologise because we actually made a mistake in this call in including both individuals and institutions because it became an impossible task to compare the work of an individual with that of an institution. So, we hope that, I give my apologies to two individuals who were well thought of. Kelvin Eldacon from Sequani and Ryan Cheney at Imperial College London. And we hope that the host institutions of these two people, Sequani and Imperial College, will support a new concordant initiative to recognise openers champions through an internal awards and recognition process. These awards will highlight the efforts of those who have worked so hard to shape the changes that we celebrate tonight. And from next year, champions recognised through these institutional processes will be eligible for nomination to an openness award in the outstanding individual category. Now, there will be more information on how to develop awards for openness within your organisation will be provided in early 2017. And the committee would like to see the impressive achievements of both Kelvin Eldacon and Ryan Cheney, nominated in the individual category next year. Apologise again to those two individuals. So, for the winner. Now, among many nominations, one stood out as providing a new way of working that's clear and transparent, as well as being for the whole research sector. The judges felt that it was open about the need for improved training among our animal care staff who was so important in my days as a research worker. I just remember what a difference it made when you had a well-trained animal technician who clearly loved animals looking after them. The need to raise standards for these people is very important. It provides empowerment to a key profession for all of us who work on research with animals and who provide our facilities with animal care and welfare. And so, the award winner in this category is the Institute of Animal Technology Careers Pathway. The next award will be presented by Professor Chris Higgins, who has impressive credentials as a biochemist and a molecular biologist, and known to us all as the former vice chancellor at Durham University, where he was a great champion of openness around animal research. He was also the 2007 pageant lecturer, and we're very pleased he can be here tonight. Please welcome Chris Higgins. I'm also extremely pleased to be here tonight and lend my support to everything that is going on. Things have moved forward so far in the ten years or so since I was involved in engagement and research. It's wonderful to see, and congratulations to all of you. It's my pleasure to present the Public Engagement Award, and actually there's a highly commended and a winner in this category. First, the highly commended, this institution has taken enormous steps towards openness and has really embraced change. And I can actually vouch for that personally because I was at this institution a number of years ago, and it wasn't perhaps as open as it might have been. It now has done a phenomenal job in becoming open on the animal research that it does. In particular, they had a social media engagement, which reached a great audience around the country and actually internationally, and was accessible to many who had no involvement with animal research at all, pretty much for the first time. They had a great video and proactive approach, which was truly leading. I have said I was at this institution, but I had nothing to do whatsoever with the selection of the awards. But the runner up here is Imperial College. Can I ask you the best thing? I used to work with an Imperial College, but I had nothing to do with the award. Could you help me? Can you see the picture? That would love it. Thank you. The winner and the judges have written this initiative engaged a wide range of audiences providing them with ways of engaging with a complex issue. The event was hands-on and innovative, and the committee appreciated that it was a public event without a prearranged audience, and of course therefore the risks were extremely high. But this was clearly the first time that animal research had been approached as a topic in a particular venue that they used, and that a truly lay and important lay audience was reached. And the award winner is Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute Museum. It will be presented by Karen Gardner, BBC journalist and well-known within the animal science community. Karen has championed openness for many years, having been a victim herself of animal rights extremism during her time with public relations at GSK. She's now a breakfast reporter for BBC Wiltshire. Please welcome Karen Gardner. Goodness, I've shared microphones in recent months with David Cameron, Mary Berry and St Allen of Titchmarsh, but I've never said it with such a gust company. I should really have been a warm-up act. When they asked me for the letters after my name, the best I could come up with, T-W-M timed working mother. I, when I last counted, had been spending 25 years, I guess, talking about the importance of openness in animal research. We've come a long way. We've replaced security fences with tours of labs, anonymity and silence with the Concordat. But challenges remain. I'm looking particularly perhaps at the university sector, although, of course, the universities that should be here aren't here. But we're working on that. I know Wendy is very hard. But let's celebrate the good and the brave, and this is the award for media engagement or media stories. And there were two notable stories about animal research this year, but the judges felt that one in particular really stood out. The organisation that wins, it does win a lot of awards for openness, but every year it manages to push new boundaries. Several organisations volunteered to host journalist Cherrie Wilson when she wanted to cover animal research for the sun. Cherrie is not a friendly science correspondent with a PhD, and the volunteers took a bold step in inviting her. She chose to look at a study on obesity for her piece, and the judges were impressed by the engagement of sun readers, a hard-to-reach target audience for animal research, and by the professional and capable way that the organisation dealt with the media. These visits take a great deal of work, but in this case the engagement and the resulting openness has been outstanding. The award when it is the University of Leicester. We'll be presented by Geoff Watts, who's the science journalist and broadcaster and chair of the Concordat Steering Group. He's a member of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics, and he's involved in numerous committees that consider science and mathematical ethics. He's also currently a member of our council. Please welcome Geoff Watts. Thank you, Chairman, and good evening, ladies and gentlemen. It's a good few decades since I actually had an animal licence in any of this kind of work myself, but I did do it in the past a long time ago, and I follow the changing fortunes or the public attitudes and the changes they've gone through towards animal work with a great deal of fascination over the years. Sometimes, I may say, with horror, we seem to be in a relatively pacific phase at the moment, and we can only hope that that does last. As Jeremy said, I chaired the Steering Group for the Concordat, and so I had a vested interest in hoping it would succeed. The feeling you have with an organisation when you're putting together something like this is you think, well, let's hope enough people really take it seriously to just make it look respectable. Well, in fact, it went far, far beyond that, and I was amazed not only by the enthusiasm which organisations signed up, but individuals within them, the diligence, the efforts they put into, not just meeting the letter of the law when it came, the letter of the Concordat, when it came to being ingenious and hardworking and trying to project openness, but also to go far beyond anything that might just have been doing what was necessary and no more. It's been really a delight to see some of the things that have come up with, that universities and other organisations have come up with during the course of the past couple of years. So, the judges, I wasn't one of the judges, I am but the vehicle for their opinions. They felt that there were three particularly outstanding, and one of the three, they described as representing a best practice example for the whole sector. So, we have two highly commended awards and one winner. So, let's begin with the first of the highly commended awards. The judges said that this website covered some tricky subject matter, as it inherited a communication strategy from a time when primary researchers were subject to great hostility. Research on primates, they pointed out, is still among the most controversial areas of work, and the development of good and accessible public information about the primates used in the research is essential. The videos on the new website, this is one of the highly commended ones, the videos on the new website are excellent and communicate well. They emphasise welfare and explore the balance of harms and benefits effectively. And our first highly commended goes to the websites of the MRC centre, former CACs. The website categories are doing well, because as I said, there are two highly commended. And the second one, the judges said, they described it as an excellent website, which is engaging and easy to navigate. I think of that, I must say, by comparison with many. It contains lots of information about the three Rs and they particularly like the up-to-date case studies covering the breadth of research at the university concerned. And the university in the second highly commended spot is University of Edinburgh. And now before the tension becomes unbearable, the winner, the judges said that in this case they were impressed by a new website that pushed the boundaries of openness further. They found the information accessible and appropriate to a wide range of audiences with layers of material to engage people with different interests and it was easy to navigate again. The material cover was extensive of an excellent standard while the question and answer sections and the infographic sections were particularly impressive. Ideally, they would have carried out in here. Ideally, they would have preferred that it was more prominent in the overall university website, but felt that this was still a clear winner in the category. It's obviously not their choosing of whereabouts on the university's site it is. So, the university concerned is Manchester. University of Manchester. Now time for UAR's award for an outstanding individual. I'm going to present this. So, this last award is one that's been proposed by the UAR team. While the other awards were decided by the committee, separate to UAR, as you've heard, even that committee was unanimous in agreeing that tonight's individual award should go to this recipient. There are a few people in our sector who truly epitomise the spirit of openness about animal research. Walking the walk as well as talking it as much as this person. He was encouraging journalists and others to come and see the reality of animal research years before the Concordat was even thought about. And even though he personally suffered at the hands of animal rights extremists, his conviction that openness and more communication are the only ways to tackle misunderstanding on this issue meant that he continued to champion the cause when others were too afraid to do so. He's been a long-standing supporter of UAR and its predecessor organisations. And I doubt there are many in this theatre who haven't benefited from his wisdom and generosity. So, this year's individual award goes to Andy Gay. Thank you.


Welcome to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts, the newsroom for telecom and data center professionals. I'm Jamie Scott of Kataya, coming to you from Virtual Metro Connect 2021. Joining me today is Mr. Matt Briley. He's the SVP of Service Provider Sales of Light River. Matt, welcome to JSA TV. For sure, we've been very honored to interview Light River previously, but I believe this is your first time here on JSA TV. We're excited to have you tell our viewers if they don't know already a little bit about who Light River is. Sure, so Light River is very core. What we do is help our customers build better networks and get them deployed faster. And we really do that with three separate portions of the business. One is our hardware department and there we represent many different of the tier one hardware vendors in the network that you've seen. The CN is Cisco's, Nokia's. The second portion would be our deployment and integration services. And with our very unique deployment and integration methodology, we've been able to really keep a lot of our customers project either on schedule or ahead of schedule by deploying in a manner that we reduce our field time by 60%. And then the newest division in Light River is our software division. And that's really exciting to me because it wasn't there when I was at Light River previously. And it's really allowing our customers to manage their aging in-place networks as well as the networks we're deploying for them today on one ubiquitous platform. That is interesting. Well, let's talk about that software enhancement in just a second. But first, you mentioned you just recently rejoined Light River to lead that sales team in the service provider space. Can you tell us a little bit more about your history with Light River? Yeah, I'd love to. I initially met the guys at Light River back in the mid-2000s and they were actually a customer of mine. And then when I was transitioning out of hardware sales, Glenn asked me to come work for them. So in 2010, I joined Light River and was there for years and learned a lot and really enjoyed working with the team. But then Nokia came in and kind of pulled me out. They offered me a really interesting position in North America to run their optical business. And it was kind of a large position. And I felt it would really challenge me. I felt it was something I really needed to do. So I spent about four or five years there. And I've done a couple of things since then, but I find myself back at Light River now. And it's been really good. I kept in close contact with Mike Jonas and the team. Most of the time I was gone. But I really feel that I've learned a lot through that experience with Nokia. Everything from the mobile side of their business to the IP integration, kind of where the IP network design is going, things that I think will be very beneficial as I talk to our service providers and come back to Light River. And it's a much different company than when I left. In six years, the company has grown significantly. They've brought on the software team. And the things they're able to do for customers have really matured. And that brings us up to 2020-2021 here, which of course has been rather challenging several months for all of us. How did Light River continue to innovate through its product services, the software, while pivoting to all of the changes across the industry? Well, one of the great things with Light River is as the industry has been moving toward this open networking concept, Light River's had experience with all of the different vendors throughout the last, you know, almost 20 years. So working on multiple different vendor systems, especially for transport, is not new to us. Combined with the software we have now that will talk to these network elements directly, it puts us in a very unique position to not only help our customers transition to this, but with the shutdowns of a lot of our customers' labs not being open, it's put us in a place where as an essential service, we did remain open so we could set up remote testing sites or even execute test plans for our customers and allow them to continue to move forward, even though their physical offices were closed. Obviously, their networks weren't. So resiliency up and running even during these crazy times. And of course, the good sense to bring you back onto the team. A lot of great things going on. We also have to mention Alien Aware Networking. We had a really fabulous JSA TV there that folks should definitely check out. But tell us more about some other exciting developments that we might be watching Light River for this year. Sure. Again, one of the big things is open networking. And the thing that I really like about our software arm now is we use the same software platform to enable the Alien Aware Networking you've been talking about on open Rotom and open DWDM systems that we do to talk to some of the Tier 1 vendors who are no longer with us, the Nortels, the Tel Labs, Alcatel's, Ellucents. We can still manage all of those systems and almost all of our service provider partners anyway still have those systems in their network. So we've been doing a lot to work with those companies on a network transformation. In addition, our deployment side has gotten very creative in ways that they can help our partners speed up deployments. Typically, we do what's called a factory built network where we'll receive the equipment from a vendor. We'll build, test, label, set up that equipment in our factory and then we send it out with our deployment teams to deploy. What we've been able to do for some of our customers who have their own field deployment teams but don't necessarily have the time to train them on every new piece of equipment that comes out is we can do the build for them in the factory and then ship that pre-built to them for their field engineers to install. So it's more of a hybrid model. So we've been working with our customers to just find ways that we can help accelerate plans that they already have in place and maybe provide synergies and efficiencies that they wouldn't normally have available. I just love that. Truly, network transformation in a box, if you will. Right. Okay. For our viewers who definitely will want to know more information, where can they go? So you can obviously go to lightriver.com and several of us are registered for Metro Connect. You've got myself, Mike Jonas, I believe our CEO, Glenn Johansson. So you can click to have a meet with any of us at Metro Connect and we'd love to talk to you. Well, thank you, Matt. What a wonderful job. Thanks for all the great information here. Thank you, viewers, for tuning in to JSA TV and JSA Podcasts. And as always, happy networking.


What's good y'all chris of jaspiers case breaks comm doing our team random which fills out Three and two baseball ten box case break pyt number seven This is 13 spots each of these teams are being given away the angels the mariners the Yankees the rays Royals tigers Dodgers pirates white socks Giants blue jays brewers and D-backs So we're not randomizing those 13 teams. We're randomizing these 13 names From Eric Barry Dustin CC Ivan Steven Ed Chad John Kurt and Oliver grabbing that last spot little last spot mojo So we'll randomize those let those names on that list with this dice roll All right. Thanks for your order two and three five times So 11 times on this randomizer. Thanks again y'all for getting involved and good luck one two three four and Last one coming up number five So five times right there and here are our 13 names from Ed down to Dustin This is going to be the order So Ed grabs the angels Dustin with the Mariners Oliver grabs the Yankees with that last spot mojo Chad with the rays John with the Royals Eric with the Tigers Dustin with my Dodgers Kurt with the Pirates Barry with the white socks Ivan with the Giants Steven with the blue jays CC with the Brewers and Dustin with the D-backs All right, I'm gonna plug these into the break itself when we come back We're doing a full case of three and two baseball PYT number seven Jaffas Gates breaks calm


Hey everyone, it's Gabrielle over here today at Oxmer Toyota for our pretty own vehicle of the week. Now you guys, we have one that we would like to share with you. So let's go over some details on this. Now this is a 2020, it's a Toyota Rev 4 hybrid. It's an XLE. Now it's in a beautiful blue flame color. So the vehicle is all-wheel drive. This vehicle has the XLE weather package. A few things that is included in that is the heated leather trim steering wheel, heated front seats and rain sensing intermittent windshield wipers with de-icer function. It also has the XLE convenience package. So with that you're going to have height adjustable power liftgate and power tilt slide moonroof. Now it gets about 41 miles per gallon in the city. That interior color isn't a black. The mileage on here is $3,523. The price is $31,400. It's about 94% of the market rate. Now you guys, if you have any questions on this beautiful vehicle, let us know. All of our contact information will be listed right here. So thanks to you guys for watching. Stay safe, stay warm and we'll see you soon. Bye.


Welcome, folks. This is Tom O'Brien of TFNN. We have five days a week. We go seven hours a day. We go 24 hours a day on the internet at tfnn.com. Always remember, folks, what you think about, you bring about whatever you focus on. Great day, safe day. Make it a great night, folks. You are what you believe you are. Humans are powerful magicians.  It's what you believe. Make it a rise! Let's take a look at it out here. We have the Dow Industrial's Up 78, Nasdaq Up 70, S&Ps Up 24, Gold Contract Up $11.50, Traded at $18.57 an ounce. Silver Down 37 cents, $23.86 an ounce. Light Sweet Crew Down 384, $73.11 a barrel, notes and bonds. Note, Up 18 ticks, at $113.06, the 30th year, up one full point, plus nine ticks, at $127.16. You get the 10-year right now, yielding $3.7. High for the last three months was $4.2, or the lowest, $3.4 or $3.7. King Dollar, $King Dollar is down to $263, tick-straight and $104.259. Euro out here at $106, yen is at $132.59, the British pound is at $120 to one US dollar. Our phone number is<PHONE_NUMBER>. Give us a call, folks. I want to know what's going on in your world and the world of the S&Ps. Let's take a look at it. Well, let's go into the futures first because these have been bouncing around like a good 10, 12 points every 15 minutes here. So I suspect that's not going to end. That's how it normally shakes out. When you get a range going, you're just going to keep doing it in this particular case. Let's see where we're at. Okay, so this bar is finishing. You can see what's happening. Okay, so we're coming into a bar here that was at $1,400. So at 2 o'clock, when the Fed minutes come out from the last meeting, you had the bar spike up to a price point of $38.93, then spike down to $38.59 and literally a heartbeat, right? Bottom line is that that's the bar you're going against and that bar had a lot of volume. $89,000 contracts. Well, we just did $35,000 and what you're doing here you're going to end at the lower end of that bar that's saying to me that once again it's going to try to go into these lows again. So I suspect you're going to see a draw down into the $38.48. And this will be a trip, man, because we're at $70,000, okay? So you're talking about another 22 points that it can go test this bottom once again. Let's go take a look at the MQs. So we take a look at the MQs up here. What do you have with the MQs? Which we know are the weakest. Same type of setup though. You can see that it's the same range. The bar at 2 o'clock that got all the way up to $11,064 and the low of that was $11,940. What we just did, now that bar had, what, $37,000 contracts. $16,000.  But that's also saying that you're going to be back down the lower end of this bar. Now, let's go take a look at the gold contract. So gold has held up. Bottom line, the volume's good too. The volume's not bad. That being said, you know, bottom line is that, you know, both days here, you haven't, well, thus far we'll see what they can hold the highs of yesterday. We're $2 above it right now. We had a high of $18.71. You are at $18.58 right now. Now, the swing that it's taken out is $18.36. $18.36? Yeah, $18.36. That is the swing that goes back like five months ago. If we go to the, let's go to the GDX. You know, some of these, there's no doubt. Volume came into these babies. So if you go to the GDX, we take a look at the GDX. What you're going to see, now, you're taking over the, the first volume we had is $50 million. The second one was $27 million. That's $23 million right now. So you do have a contraction, you know, we'll see what they can hold this. What I suspect, well, let's go to the dollar and I'll say where my head's going here. This is going to be, well, it's tricky already, but it's going to be a little more tricky. So if we look at the dollar, what you have at the dollar is that the dollar, you know, had strength yesterday and rejected lower price today. So that's telling me that you have the $107 to $108 area. And where I'm going with that, $107, 07, a .50 is a $108. If we do get to the .618, that's going to be a $109, 300. But I expect that, that is what we are actually going to see. Now, if we go over to silver, this is where this gets interesting. Silver, you know, basically led the gold market up. And silver's down today. It's like, okay, why? So there's divergence. There's no doubt about that. That's divergence. Okay, the high of yesterday, yes, they had good volume behind it. 69,000 counter-tracks. You traded up to a price point of 24.77.  Some of the higher volume equities out here today and we'll see whether we actually have volume out here. You have Teslas up $5.5. You have, let's see, Amazon's flat. You got Apple up $1.40. We have Marbelle up $0.38. You have Verizon up $0.97. Micron Tech is up $3.50. If we go inside the Dow industrials, we take a look at the Dow and the strength inside the Dow. We have Strengthwise out here. You have Bowling putting 49 positive points. Salesforce 31 Visa 28. Taking away from it. UnitedHealth minus 106. Microsoft minus 75. Honeywell minus 30. Let's just go to Microsoft for a second. See the NDX is just so weak. It's amazing, actually. So Microsoft, look at this, it capped down. Microsoft's ABC down. Oh my god. Look at this. Wow. So you're 8.9 Microsoft, $263. You're B.233. So yeah, there's $30. That's going to get you $215. $213 is low. We're going after the low, man. And look at this. You get two windows, two gaps. Gap up, gap down. $215 is coming at you, man. That is pretty intense. We go to the NDX 100. Of course, I know Microsoft's going to be right in here now. You get Moving at Haya? JD.com. What's this? Oh, Warner Brothers. Look at that. We got to find out why that got a hit on it. So Warner Brothers is up by 8.5%. That's been a tough stock since it got spun off made TNT. Pinduodu is up 8, and you got Micron up 7. Taken away from it, Microsoft down 4.5%. Datadogs down 3.5%. You have Bank of Hughes off 2.7 and Honeywells 2.1. So I want to go back to... Yeah, I want to go back to Warner Brothers. Let's see what's going on here. Okay, so if we take a look at Warner Brothers. Okay, so low is 8.82. The high is 27. Well, let's come off the bottom. We'll see where this is shaking. StereoDev folks, come right back.


This is the SF Productions podcast network There were PCs before IBM came from the pop culture bunker I'm Indy and I'm Mark you can check out our auto podcast how I got my free comics and iTunes or on our website SFpodcastnetwork.com So we recently talked about early video game systems. Yes, but what about desktop computers? Yes, a lot of people don't seem to remember that before the PC versus Mac religious wars began There were a lot of players out there, right? It wasn't just you know Dell and blah blah blah blah blah making PCs Right, so I was inspired to talk about this by another podcast called Antic and Atari 8-bit podcast I'm gonna skip the IBM PC players as well as Apple Because you know we could talk about those for quite a while on all on their own I'm also skipping Atari for now because I'm gonna save that for a future episode. You know a lot about your about the Atari stuff Yeah, so while the name desktop computer goes actually back to the 1960s the earliest models were actually built into a desk Yes, they weren't really desktop. They were desk computers. Yes. They don't really count Now there was the mother of all demos given in 1968 by Douglas Engelbart a very famous demo Where he showed email word processing hypertext, which is the basis for the internet Video conferencing and a mouse, but it required the exclusive use of a mainframe to have enough power to do it But this was very prescient of what we do today with computers Yes, and there were also some models in the early 70s that were kind of progenitors The Xerox Alto is considered the first GUI or graphical user interface computer But it never reached the general consumer market was sold into Businesses and maybe a little educational. Well, nobody ever imagined that you would need a computer in your home, right? Now Apple and Microsoft later borrowed concepts from the Xerox Alto for the for Mac and Windows And if you were an electronic hobbyist you could build kits like the Altair Had no permanent storage, right or a display or a keyboard. It was a box with switches on it Yes, and you had to program it by flipping switches every time you turned it on and not just I'm flipping the switch You had to program it flip flip flip flip flip over and over and over and over and over to get to the point Where you actually could load anything and that's even to have an operating system much less on application Yes, and you had to do that every time you turned it on Not really practical 1977 was the first wave of true consumer personal computers. I was in high school in 1977 and I was in like junior high. Yeah, I'm I'm older. Just slightly Tiny Boy, you're justifying that. Yes. No, no Okay, now, of course, there's Apple computers there, but there were also the Commodore pet 2001 I inherited one from my father-in-law and it still runs Yes, and I remember using that when I was in high school and then in college Now it has a built-in monitor has cassette storage because that's how you did storage back then Not a floppy drive on it, right? You had a chiclet keyboard you had a floppy disk as an add-on in a big huge box a separate seat This was all in like big sheet metal You know a heavy computer had a massive between four and eight K of memory K Okay, now keep in mind the smartphone that you have in your pocket right now most likely has Literally a million times more storage than that more memory than that Because it goes kilobyte a thousand times more is a megabyte and a thousand times more is a gigabyte You have gigabytes of memory in your in your phone And they sold as I said in the business and educational markets into the early 80s But never really caught on for consumers and they cost between 595 and 795 dollars and which was like a few grand back then Then there's the TRS 80 aka the trash 80 model one Which I also inherited one from my father-in-law. Yes, it was sold by the now nearly departed radio shack Yes, and TRS actually Stood for Tandy Radio Shack So they needed a replacement for falling CB radio sales I love my dad So stores could they figured stores could also use it to run Inventory if it didn't sell because they literally made one computer for each store Initially, and then what we'll see if it sells and if it doesn't sell you can run inventory for your story My dad must have got somebody's inventory system Has a real keyboard an external monitor a cassette drive and because they actually threw in a consumer Cassette recorder in in the mix. So they just took one of those off the shelf. Here you go. Here's your cassette drive Yeah, and an expansion module for a floppy drive Started at 599 dollars with the monitor the cassette drive and again 4k of memory And it's worth noting of course that all of these monitors were all monochrome Absolutely. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, we're not talking graphic displays. This is all monochrome text. Yes Successor models were sold actually into the early 80s and then Radio Shack moved into the IBM PC compatible business at that point The second wave hit in the early 80s just as IBM began to get into the business Commodore came out with a Vic 20 the successor to the pet 4k of RAM this time expandable to a massive 64k of RAM. I remember when that went up and we just thought oh my gosh It's so much memory. Oh Has a real keyboard No monitor you had to hook it up to your TV, which is what most of these now did There was an internal cartridge port and External cassette drive and it was only two hundred ninety nine dollars for the base model So much better introductory price. Yes, and the Commodore 64 replaced that started out Standard with 64k of memory had better sound and video and it actually outsold the rest of the entire computer market including IBM through the mid 80s and why do you suppose that was because at the beginning the IBM PCs were Thousands of dollars. Yeah, you couldn't you know, so and this was you know, 399 or whatever it was Texas instruments also wanted to sell computers in order to sell their own chips Yep, so they had what they called the TI 99 for was introduced actually in 79 But never sold very well replaced by the TI 99 for a 1981 keep in mind Texas instruments all engineers didn't really understand how to actually make a name or a product Yeah, but numbers on things It was the first 16-bit processor and keep in mind everything was all 8-bit until then 64-bit new notes built-in keyboard Lots of peripherals including a speech synthesis module because TI was into that and a huge expansion box I mean basically the size of a larger traditional desktop PC Unfortunately, they got caught in a price war with Commodore that so even though they had a much better computer in terms of specs They dropped out of the market by 83 because really you know the consumer at this point does not know much about computers other than the price Exactly, and that's what they're buying it based on and still today to some extent. That's what's still happening Sinclair research a company out of the UK came out with the sx series between 80 and 82 The sx 81 which was their most successful model had a massive 2k of RAM But it was expandable to 64k and a membrane keyboard So it wasn't even a chiclet keyboard It was just this flat surface with this membrane on it and you had to go Did I hit the button? Did I not yes? None of these were really designed for say word processing or anything So timex license and sold it in the US for about a hundred dollars initially a huge seller due to the low cost Coleco followed up their successful Coleco vision video game system with the atom in 1983 for $725 you got a computer with 80k of RAM a built-in cassette drive and a printer And it was all compatible with the Coleco vision games. So, okay, this is great Unfortunately, it took a very long time to actually reach the market and a lot of technical issues which kind of killed it Yeah, such as When you tune when you turned it on it generated a huge may electromagnetic surge That would wipe cassettes and other media that were near it including the media you would have in the unit Just a slight problem. Yes, so by this point IBM basically took over with their PC architecture and from that point the rest is history and ever since then it's been IBM PC architecture and of course then an 84 Apple came in with the Mac and that pretty much stabilized the market for many years Yes And now only today are we seeing new players as the idea of the personal computer Starts to wane toward. Okay. I just need to get to the web, right? And especially with the mobile devices that you know, you can write, you know, your tablet or your phone completely replaces The need for a desktop computer, right? So, right So you can check out our audio podcast how I got my wife treat comics on itunes or on our website Sfpodcastnetwork.com from the pop culture bunker. I'm indeed and I'm mark. Thanks for watching enjoy computing


Hello and welcome to International Daily Roundup by People's Dispatch, where we bring you news from across the world, our headlines. The United States sanctions the International Criminal Court over investigations on war crimes committed in Afghanistan. The European Human Rights Court overturns convictions of 11 BDS activists in France. Rights groups call out mining companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo for confining workers at mindsites. We begin with an update on the COVID-19 pandemic situation which shows no sign of abating in many countries across the world. Over 7.6 million infections have been reported so far globally, of these 3.3 million cases are active, while 424,000 fatalities have been reported. Over the past two weeks, numbers have dramatically increased in some of the countries. While the United States continues to be at the top with over 2 million reported cases in 116,000 fatalities, it is no longer the largest contributor to the daily new infections in fatalities. The country in that spot is now Brazil, with over 800,000 cases, which has been adding more than 30,000 new cases in over 1,000 fatalities every day for over a week. India, which has been relaxing its counter-pandemic restrictions since June 8, has been seeing a spike in newly reported infections, with anywhere close to 9,000 to 10,000 new additions being reported for over a week. The total number of cases expected to cross a 300,000 mark over the weekend. The only severely affected country showing any significance slowing down is Russia. Despite half a million reported infections, Russia has a much lower death rate. It has come down significantly in terms of daily new cases. This is from a high of over 11,000 new cases in mid-May to around 8,700 new cases as of today. Russia has also emerged as one of the leading countries in terms of testing and detection, having tested nearly a 11th of its population, which is the highest for any country with a population of over 10 million. On Thursday, the United States passed sanctions against international criminal court. The unprecedented move will block ICC officials and their family members from entering the U.S., and will also freeze all assets owned by ICC employees in the country. The executive order enacting the sanctions was signed by Donald Trump's administration over the ICC's ongoing investigation into war crimes committed in Afghanistan by the U.S.-led forces. Moments after the president signed the sanctions order, U.S. State Secretary Mike Pompeo characterized the ICC as a kangaroo coat. A statement from the White House argued that the measure was to prevent the ICC from supposedly infringing on U.S. sovereignty. Allegations have also been made by prominent officials of the Trump administration that the ICC is being manipulated by adversaries of the U.S. The Trump administration is consistently opposed to war crimes investigation by the ICC, arguing that the U.S. is not a signatory to the Treaty of Rome and outside the ICC jurisdiction. The Trump administration has also recently cancelled the visa of ICC chief prosecutor Fatah Ben-Soda to block preliminary investigations. In a statement put out on Thursday, the ICC responded to the U.S. sanctions and alleged that it amounted to an interference in the rule of law. Fatah Ben-Soda has been reading a pretrial investigation into the reported war crimes, having collected testimonials and evidence since in November 2017. A formal investigation was by the ICC was opened on March 3, 2020, after a presiding judge found that preliminary investigation showed reasonable grounds to believe that war crimes had been committed in Afghanistan. In our next story, the European Court of Human Rights on Thursday overturned a French court's criminal conviction against 11 BDS activists. The ECHR unanimously founded a French court's verdict against the activist group Collective Palestine 68 to be unfounded and that the conviction had no relevant or sufficient grounds. The ECHR also ordered the French government to pay each of the 11 defendants around 31,000 U.S. dollars' compensation as well as to cover their legal costs. The European Court's ruling stated that the freedom of speech and expression as protected in the European Convention of Human Rights of the 11 activists was violated by the French court's order. It also said that boycotts are a protected form of protest. The activists were found guilty of incitement to economic discrimination by a French court over a pro-BDS protest in the town in Eastern France in 2009. The activists had called for a boycott of Israeli products being sold in a supermarket. They had distributed leaflets with information about Israeli origin products. The protest was conducted in response to the 2009 Israeli invasion of the blockaded Gaza Strip. The activists were convicted by the French court under Article 7 of the European Convention of Human Rights which prohibits discrimination. The convictions were upheld by France's highest appeal court in 2015. But on Thursday, the ECHR said that Article 7 did not pertain to economic boycott and said that it was means of expressing one's protest. And finally, a group of 11 civil society groups has asked 13 mining companies in the Democratic Republic of Congo on Thursday to end the practice of confining workers on the mine site in the name of the pandemic. The civil society groups include rights and accountability in development and African resource watch. Mostly the copper cobalt companies in the DRC have demanded that their employees either stay at the mining site or have threatened them with losing their jobs. This was done to avoid halting production over the COVID-19 outbreak in the country. Several workers and unions have been complaining about how they have been forced to stay with inadequate food and other essential items under confinement. According to reports in some of the unions, workers have been forced to work beyond their stipulated eight hours without compensation. They are also being denied information about the duration of their confinement. The companies have been blamed for failing to maintain safe working environments and instead resorting to coercion. The organizations want the companies in the letter that the current situation should not be used as a pretext to infringe on workers' rights and bypass their responsibilities. The letter also demands that the companies follow physical distancing guidelines and provide for hygiene and safe facilities for the workers. Some of the companies mentioned in the letter are the world's largest corporations including Glencore and Eurasian Resource Group. Congo is the world's leading producer of cobalt with around 70% of the total production. Cobalt is used to make rechargeable batteries. That's all we have in this episode of the International Daily Roundup. We'll be back on Monday with news from across the world. Until then, keep watching People's Dispatch.


Even while the transition takes place, it's my pleasure to introduce our next speaker, David Willitz, a 20-year member of parliament. David is now our Minister of State for Universities and Science, and in that capacity, he is centrally attentive to the context in which universities and science take place and to their role in the processes of innovation for the country, and his speech will be about innovation in the city. David, thank you.