QuickBooks Desktop 2023. Sales Received. Payment Received at Point of Sale. Let's do it within 2-its. QuickBooks Desktop 2023. Support Accounting Instruction by clicking the link below, giving you a free month membership to all of the content on our website, broken out by category, further broken out by course. Each course then organized in a logical, reasonable fashion, making it much more easy to find what you need than can be done on a YouTube page. We also include added resources such as excel practice problems, PDF files, and more like QuickBooks backup files when applicable. So once again, click the link below for a free month membership to our website and all the content on it. Here we are in QuickBooks Desktop. Get great guitars, practice file. We started up in a prior presentation going through the setup process we do every time, maximizing the home page in the view drop-down noting we got the hide icon bar, open windows list checked off, open windows open on the left hand side. Going to the reports drop-down company and financial, opening up the profit and loss ranging to the change in 010123 to 123123, January to December 2023, customize in the report, fonts and numbers, change in the font. Let's bring it up to 14 this time. We're going to we're going to level it up a notch and say, okay, is that okay? Yes, it looks good. It looks good. Reports drop-down. Let's do it again. Going to the company and financial this time, the balance sheet report. And then let's go to the customizing, then range and change in 010123, 123123, January to December, fonts and numbers, change in the size. Let's bring it up to 12 or 14, 14. That's it. Okay, so there it is. Prior presentations, we set up the new company file. We went through transactions typical for financing the company, such as putting money in from our own account, possibly taking a loan out to finance the purchase of the things we need to generate revenue, such as property planting equipment and in our case inventory. And then we finally got around to making some sales. So in the prior presentation, we're going to go to the homepage. We made some sales with an invoice. An invoice is an accrual process where we make the sale or do the work before we get paid. Then we went through the received payment, meaning then we got paid by a check or cash or some point in the future. And then we had three received payments that we're going to then put into the bank at some point as a deposit. Before we do so, however, we now want to go from an accrual standpoint and accrual flow within the customer or revenue or sale cycle to that of a cash flow basis, in which case we would use a sales receipt. Now note, you might be in some situations where you're going to go right to the deposit form in order to record a sale. That would be in a very kind of simplified accounting system. And the simplified accounting system would only work if you're in certain types of industry. So for example, if you have the gig work kind of situation, you're getting paid by a platform, YouTube's paying you or something like that. Well, then you can wait till it clears the bank and then you can use bank feeds possibly or simply a deposit form to record the increase to the bank account and record the other side to sales or revenue income at that point in time. However, you do lose some of the sub ledger capabilities to run sub ledger reports by by customer and sub ledger reports by item. But that may well be worth it in those specific situations. However, if you have more complex situations such as you're making sales at a cash register, like a restaurant or a food truck or a store of some kind, or if you have a job cost kind of system, which is like a bookkeeping company landscaping or whatever you have to do the work beforehand, build the client and then collect at some point in the future, then you'll have to go to the invoice. So the most complex kind of system is typically going to be an accrual system because then you have to deal with the receivable. That's the one we looked at last time with an invoice, receive payment, then a deposit, then we've have a cash based system, one which QuickBooks is still designed to do a full service accounting system, even though on a cashed basis, possibly with a register in the store, like in our department store for our guitars, then we were going to be using the sales receipt type of form. And then the easiest method would be a step further in ease from a cash based system to one which you're just waiting till things clear the bank and recording the transactions there possibly with the use of bank feeds. That's not exactly what QuickBooks is designed to do, but you can work that way and it would be easier if you're in a specific type of industry to be able to do so. So now we're going to imagine that we're like in our store and we're making sales in our store for guitars. Someone's going to bring the guitar up to the register and because we have everything set up properly, including our items and our sales tax and everything, it's going to be really easy for anybody that we're going to hire to kind of calculate the sale, determine how much we need to be collecting on it. So let's go into that. We're going to say create a sales receipt. And let's say this is coming from string music. This is a new customer. So I could get there by going to new customer this way. I often just type it in here string music. I'm going to say string music is our new customer and then tab. It's going to ask if we want to add it. Oftentimes we might want to go to a more complex set up if we plan on giving them our newsletter or shipping the guitars to them or something like that. We possibly want their phone number for future reference and whatnot. But I'm going to do just a quick add right now so that we have the minimum information, which is just the name, which in some cases, if you're in like a restaurant or something, your customers probably don't want to, if you're doing a food truck, the customers don't want you to collect their whole life history, you know, as you're trying to buy a taco or something or a sandwich, right? So in any case, it's going to go into undeposited funds. That's the default. Note the same setting that we looked at last time with the invoice with the payment receipt is here. So in other words, if I go to the edit preferences and we go to the payments and I go to the company preferences, that is checked off by default. And if it is, you won't see this option here and you also won't receive it in the receive payment area. The reason it's under the payment area and not the sales receipt area is because that kind of covers both bases because at this point in time you're still receiving the payment at the same point in time that you're making the sale. So I'm going to close that back out. We have the same kind of options. We might then choose depositing directly into the checking account from here instead of going to the clearing account of undeposited funds. But if you're collecting at a register, it's more likely that you're going to want to use the undeposited funds even then if you're using the full accrual system because it's likely you're going to get paid in cash or credit card payments of some kind here and both of those are most likely not going to be going into your bank account on a one by one sales basis but rather be grouped together. The cash then being grouped together with all the cash we collect in the day that we will then deposit in the bank in one lump sum. The credit cards being grouped together by the credit card company that then is going to deposit them into our bank in some kind of grouping method which we have to determine. We want to figure out so that we can make our deposits to match what's going to be on those payments because that's going to make our reconciliation process as easy as possible. So we're going to keep it going into undeposited funds here which is the default and then we're going to say I'm just going to keep it on cash. We have the same kind of payment options. These differences cash versus check versus credit card doesn't have a material impact or any impact on the actual transaction that's going to impact our financial statements meaning the impact on the financial statements balance sheet and income statement but give us a good reference tool to help us to sort the transactions by different methods. So I'm going to keep it on cash here for our purposes. We're going to then say this happened on the 19th let's say 1923 sales number sold to we don't need any address or anything because we're selling it in the shop although we might want to collect it if we could and then we've got our item so we're going to say we sold an ELP ELP tab because the item is set up it's easy to populate if they bring that guitar up to the cash register I should be able to identify it even if I don't understand items and how they're set up or how this is going to impact the financial statement I should still be able to do my job of collecting the money recording the transaction. I'm going to say we got three of these so 500 times three is 1500 and then we're also going to sell a G a GSB which is a Gibson SG we're saying one of those at 777 so there is that. So there's the transaction tax is applying the tax is applying automatically because we turned on the sales tax in the same way as with the invoice and we set up we set up the grouping that needs to apply here the items are taxable items therefore the tax is being applied thusly. Alright so what's going to be the transaction when we record this what's going to happen well it's a sales receipt that means instead of accounts receivable going up it's going to go to some kind of cash account in this case undeposted funds which is not a checking account it's in other current assets but it still represents an increase in cash in essence we could put it to the checking account but we're going to undeposted funds that's going to be for the full amount 2003-90-85 the other side is going to look a lot like the invoice it's going to be going to revenue driven by the account specified by the item to the revenue accounts but not including the sales tax then the sales tax is not going to hit the income statement because the tax theory theoretically is imposed on the customer we're just the collection agent so it shouldn't be recorded as income we also shouldn't have a sales tax expense we're just going to record it on the balance sheet it's a non-income item increase in the liability of the 113-85 we're also going to have a decrease to inventory for amounts not shown on the sales receipt because we don't want to show this to the customer if we're going to give them the actual sales receipt as in essence a receipt but the system knows what the cost is because we put that in place when we made the items in the item list then the other side is going to go to cost to get sold which is in essence an expense account which will be recording the expense of the use of the inventory that we needed in order to generate the revenue and we're also going to have the sub ledger of inventory impacted counting the quantity of inventory that's still going to be on hand okay let's save it close it check it out save it close it check it out go to the balance sheet we've got the undeposited funds so here's undeposited funds we've got a lot of cash we're holding on to so we better go to the store before we're robbed there's the 2003 90 if i double click on that there's the 2003 90 85 full amount including sales tax closing this out closing the other side the other side is on the profit and loss going into the sales double clicking on sales there it's in there same sales receipt two line items because we sold two different types of items but that's going to be for the amount not including the tax so you can see those items don't include the tax closing this out the tax then is going to be on the balance sheet under the sales tax payable double clicking on that it's in here with these two line items once again because now we're paying the state and the the city even though it was taxed at the same five percent four percent for one one percent for the other is the way we broke it out which we made up for the practice problem and then inventory so inventory up top double clicking on the inventory we could see it's going down with the sales receipts and if i double click on the inventory so there is it if i look at the inventory account notice it went up with a check it often goes up with a bill as well if we purchase in that format and then it goes down when we sell stuff the sell stuff forms are invoices and sales receipts so i'm going to close this back out and then the other side is on the profit and loss so a lot going on with the sales receipt if inventory is involved as well as as well as sales tax cost of goods sold there's the cost to get sold note that these amounts here are not actually on the sales receipt because hold on a sec these amounts right here 1200 for example not on the sales receipt because we don't want to report it on the sales receipt in case we give that to the client as a receipt but the system knows about it because of the way we set the items up closing this back out and closing this back out back to the balance sheet the other thing to look at is the the inventory here sub ledger reports drop down we're going to go to the inventory inventory valuation summary let's go up and customize it and change the dates from 010123 to 123123 fonts and numbers let's bring that up to 12 and see if that'll work or if that's too many too much for this report in terms of the columns it's still good it's still good i can see i can just widen these out a bit and so there now we're adding up to the 38878 here are the inventory items that remain that should match what's on our balance sheet which it does so that looks good also if i go to the home page this deposit form represents four items now that are have gone through undeposited funds three of them with the received payment one of them with the sales receipt we're representing all of them in cash so we can show the concept of us putting them together possibly which we won't do yet but in theory if i went to the bank with one lump sum deposit of 22,890 dollars and 85 cents that's how i want it to show in the cash account on our side so the bank reconciliation will be as easy as possible but i'm not going to do that now closing it out closing it out ultra vase one more time we go here let's do another one we're going to make another sales receipt we're imagining someone's in our store they come up to the cash register with all these guitars and we're like okay that's a sales receipt not an invoice because they're going to pay me here and now sales receipt this is going to be for a new customer i'm going to type in sam the guitar man the guitar man and notice you might be in an industry where they were like you're at a food truck and they don't they don't want to give you your name all the time so you might have like a generic name which would be your this is your customers and you might record all the sales under that one customer if you're not collecting this kind of data from your individual customers in terms of you know who they are in order to record sales still possibly any case we're going to say sam the guitar man and i'm just going to do a quick ad if i wanted to collect more data like their address their shipping address their their phone number then i would have to do a more indent setup here but i'm just going to do a quick ad for now it's going to go into undeposited funds i'm going to say it's cash just for the convenience of us being able to think about grouping cash in the same format as it would be deposited which we have a problem with because if it was a check then it's going to hit the bank in that same format as one check in which case we might want to use the checking or we could at least do that and we wouldn't have a grouping problem between our books and the bank account but even then it's useful to have just one method going into undeposited funds and that means that all deposits or all increases in the checking account will be deposit forms or possibly transfer forms but we won't have these other forms like a sales receipt or payment form as an increase which can be a little bit easier when you're drilling down that way as well but in the case tab and through we're going to say that this they brought up to the register a a service item so now we've got some service items we're going to do so we're going to say that they came into the shop and they ask for a diagnostic now what is a diagnostic on a guitar that sounds like a car kind of term i think yeah kind of was i think at the start so we kind of just made some service items because i want to show the difference between the service items and the difference between the recording of a service item versus the inventory items so bear with me on the types of service items we set up hourly service item one pretty generic you probably want to have a better service item name than hourly service item one but that's what we have we did hourly service on someone's guitar we like sanded it or something i don't know and so then the next one's going to be tuning we got tuning support which is quite expensive i'll tune your guitar for way less than that but then there's 12 okay so that's our services the thing we want to point out what the service is here is that one you would like to set up your service items in such a way that the billing process is easy as possible for example if you're a bookkeeper you might not want to do just an hourly service item but rather see if you can group your your your your billing on some other thing like how many transactions you put in place that can be a little bit more concrete it's actually a little bit easier to do the billing in some way because then you're not always worried about how on point you were in terms of how much hours or time you put in place that varies from one job to another right so in any case we have that also note that it's not taxable the in the system knows it's not taxable because we set up these service items as non-taxable items so the item is the thing that's telling QuickBooks whether it's subject to tax in this case we're talking sales tax so you can see no sales taxes being applied down here what's going to be the transaction when we would record this it's a sale so it's still going to be increasing some kind of cash account in this case undeposited funds the other side is going to go to a sales account but or an income account but probably not the same one probably not sales it might go to like service income it'll be driven and knows where to go by the items that we set up and then we don't have to deal with sales tax we don't have to deal with inventory on the balance sheet we don't have to deal with the sub ledger of inventory and we don't have to deal with the cost of goods sold so much more simplified transaction when we don't have inventory when we don't have sales tax let's check it out let's save it and close it and i'm just going to say tuning i misspelled to whatever uh okay so now we got another item in the deposit apologize for the spelling and we're going to go to the balance sheet and so now we've got here in undeposited funds it has increased we got 28 thousand 70 dollars and 85 cents that we're holding on to for some reason because we're crazy but we gotta we gotta make a deposit man this is not safe i don't feel secure i'm gonna close this back out and so close this back out so there we have that the other side is going to the profit and loss so now it went into income but the item told us to put it into service income this is the major kind of categorization separations that we typically want to see on the income statement like the broad categories meaning sales represents inventory we're selling service items represents service items that we're doing notice what we did not do is make another income account for every kind of guitar we sold or another service account for every kind of service we performed because if you have a full service accounting system you can run other reports to give you that detail so for example if i go to the reports up top and i can see the sales sales by i can see sales by customer for example from 010123 to 123123 which gives us that added detail the 15,257 uh going over here to the 15,257 i can run a report reports drop down sales sales by uh sales by item summary making it from 010123 to 123123 and that's going to give us our sales by service items inventory items totaling up at the 15,287 profit loss uh 15,287 now if you start posting stuff to sales for something other than using the invoices and the sales receipts your sub ledgers can can get out of whack like if you record deposits directly to a sales account revenue account income account then those sub reports don't work as well so if you're using gig work that's what you that's some of the detail you lose that's those sub accounts so those are the pros and cons there but if i go into the sales account here we see the sales receipts so notice they broke out all three items even though it's the same sales receipt because we had three separate items within the sales receipt closing that out and then of course we have we don't have to deal with the sales tax we don't have to deal with the inventory we don't have to deal with cost to good soul so now we still got this huge amount in undeposited funds which is represented over here in the home page in future presentations we will make a deposit we don't want to do it yet i want to i want that five look at it's red i have to do something about it it's red but in the future we'll click them off here and group them in the same format as we will be seeing on the bank statement making the reconciliation easy not yet though not yet wait wait for for more gratification in the future we're going to go down and let's open up the trial balance and just check our numbers now we're going to say this is from 010123 to 123123 let's customize this thing fonts and numbers change the font let's bring it on up to 16 16 yes please okay and just see if your numbers tie out here great if something is off you might want to change your date range and and and that's often an error that is there if you see some date that's wrong or some amount that is off you can double click on the account go down to the source document you can change the source document something you want to be very careful of in practice but quickbooks does allow you to make those kind of changes and they're great to do in a practice problem like this


What's up internet? Checking out two sibling cases from Deep Cool. The CG540 is the glass front panel sibling and the CG560 is the mesh front panel sibling. Now you hear mesh and you think that's got to have better cooling. Actually, I was surprised by the results of our testing. Pero bago noon, you should know that Deep Cool sent us these items for review but had no say in what we had to say about them. Both of these cases have the Deep Cool signature features. One, good price point and two, good value for that price point. The price is relatively cheap but the case still feels sturdy. Hindi parang lata when you wrap on the sides of the case. Design wise, they are very similar to Deep Cool's previous cases like the Matrex 55 and if you built in other Deep Cool cases in the past, you'll feel right at home here with the mesh filter on top, magnetic, and bottom, not magnetic. PSU shroud, grommets for cable routing, and the layout are all pretty straightforward. The front is removable in case you want to swap out the included fan or you just want more access space. You will need to remove the front panel if you want to get the front air filter. Speaking of fans, both cases come with three 120mm ARGB fans and one 140mm fan in the back. The 140mm fan is a nice touch. Some other cases nabibitin ka dun sa Exos but Deep Cool has your back for the back of the case right out of the box. I wish though the included ARGB fans were Deep Cool's excellent CF120 plus line with the added light bleed from the additional cutouts in the fan frame but the accompanying fans are bright and get the job done. Beginner builders do get confused sometimes hooking up the RGB that comes with the case so do take your time and trace and plug those wires properly. These are very roomy cases so you don't need to worry about compatibility issues with top of the line components. The cases fit E80x MOBOs, 360mm rad AIOs, GPUs 380mm low, and CPU coolers with a max height of 175mm. These are all very generous tolerances and I can't think of any mainstream component which would not fit in any of these cases. So ano ba yung pagkaiba nila? The CG540 has a glass front which has a cross field design imprinted on it. This diffuses and cuts up the RGB light coming from the case. I've noticed the design trend now is to diffuse RGB instead of having it shine straight out. The CG560 is exactly the same as the 540 except it comes with a mesh front panel meaning better airflow for your hot hot hot CPU and GPU. At least that's what I thought but it was a different story in our testing. On both cases the CPU temp on idle was 33 degrees for CPU and for the GPU it was 1 degree higher on the CG540 non mesh. On load the CPU was 1 degree hotter in the CG540 non mesh at 52 degrees versus 51 degrees in the CG560 mesh. Same story for the GPU. It was 1 degree hotter on load in the CG540 non mesh at 76 degrees versus 75 degrees in the CG560 mesh. So actually very little difference in temperature between the two cases. This is a testament to the side air vents in the front of each case which I guess allow a lot of air in even in the CG540 non mesh case. Final points on these case siblings price is around 4000 with the CG560 mesh variant being a little pricier. No USB-C on the front panel but at least they come with two USB 3.0 ports. Rocket a programmer really liked how the back panel IO was recessed giving it a more premium feel and protecting your motherboard from any jostling or bumps that it might receive. Overall these two cases are the epitome of deep cool design aesthetic. A solid serviceable platform that is everything you'd need to start building a decent rig. Not the flashiest, not the most premium but these cases offer a lot of features that make building and them very straightforward. So you can stop worrying about your builds foundation and actually get to building. And thank you to our top fans na afford na namin to kupuwa na to and edyok lang. Thank you to Leah Magnaya, Ian Meru, Richard Ongkinko, ITX Addict, John Ruben Ocha, Christian Espinosa and Raphael James. Thank you for supporting the channel.


He's probably gonna go back in the wild and go man I never got a good sleep like I did on that very blanket. Guys guys check it out.  I swear, I swear. Maybe it was somebody who brought it to Whole Foods and Whole Foods wouldn't let them bring it inside so they were like I'll be back. Yeah and then that was probably it. The important to note about Leo is that so I think it's best to put it on this hook where it could meet four bird if he wants and backwards. It's like that show where people have to like jump from thing to thing. So what do we have here? My neighbor spotted this guy. When I first tried to pick him up he wanted to taste me. Oh and look this I think is a wild bird because do you see all the purple on the beach? Huh? That looks like wild berries. Oh come here. Unless the bird steps up oh yeah might be a wild baby. Oh it's definitely a baby but it could be wild bird will be just so chill. No but a baby bird would but do you see like do you see that? So either it's somebody's bird and they're giving them like a feed. Let me sniff you make sure it's not like blood you know. Yeah this is a baby. What we should do is check all of the local bird stores because if somebody bought a baby then they would know about it but there's no there's no band yeah there's no breeder band and then this is literally like yeah you're a baby so it's confirmed this is a baby. Oh someone's landed on me. That's so funny. Yeah she really excited. I can't imagine somebody losing a bird that they have to hand feed this poor baby. It's so funny just the other day I was talking to Loretta and I got excited about something.  She compared me to that as far as my excitement. It's so funny. There's this misconception there was a wild amazon that I found and people thought that it was really tame because one it did have a concussion so it was in shock and so it looked like you know I made a lot of leeway with the bird obviously so when I set the bird free because it was in fact a wild bird people were so confused they're like there's no way that was a tame bird I'm like not when it got better. So actually I'll show you the video as soon as that bird got better. The initial video I got was this. Wow yeah that looks like a half-dead so this is very common in this time with these wild amazons. Now you didn't feed the bird anything right? No no I didn't. So she's excited.  Yeah that's a must-have parakeet. Yeah. Oh so cute. What happened? You're very hot. That's what happened. Someone left water which he was definitely trying to eat the berries on my blanket so he probably wants some food. Really? Yes. Okay I would say that this is oh what? This is the bird like zucchini. Because this is uh I didn't ask. I can't give this zucchini. I have some cut up. See if I if I remember correctly I remember the amazon we found before had a little lilac but this one is yeah I don't know about that Tracy I think this bird doesn't know this yet this bird's on a feed. Zucchini. Oh but he's getting the juices out of it. Oh there's more don't you worry buddy.  Why did you not fruit? Fruit is good Tracy. He's probably a little overkill but okay. Do we have any fruits over there Tracy?  Not over the carpet but let's do that. You want blueberries? No no no it's for my mask. Brando no. Oh there you are just watching your video. Here look look look look at the skill. See that? This is exactly what this bird's been eating. Do you see it's all over the face. This is a wild bird. People will think it's not just because of how tame but it's a baby. Unless there's some buddy out there that is hand feeding a bird berries but there's no breeder band. What we'll do is we'll call we'll call birds a bus. We'll call Kenoga discount. We'll call the perfect parent and and they'll know exactly which breeders have recently had birds and haven't. Okay you like that? But his legs are holding well you're not concerned about legs. He doesn't have a broken wing or anything. Yeah he's just dehydrated. He's just a dehydrated. Even if he's someone's and not a wild bird he's dehydrated but the the blueberry all over the face that's generally that's what these birds eat is the wild berries. You're done with that one? You want another one? You want a good one?  It's gonna ruin my shirt. So maybe we'll... Here give her one of these. This has sugar. What are you doing now? It's just weird to me how he walks low like this. I know it's like it's almost like let's check it out. He's not laid.  You're like me. Well we know the wings are fine already. Yeah. This is a very slippery floor so they don't have grip. Come here. Want a towel down? If you can find me a towel. It's pulling on with your legs. It's pulling on. There's lack of strength. I mean God knows how long he was laying down there and he was 100 degrees. And in the midst of this I was trying to hide that I'm a scrunchie user but... Oh good call Tracy. Let's see how you are now. How's that?  Very beautiful feathers.  You're not even eating. He's just making a mess. You have a berry in your mouth? Yeah. Okay. What a boss. Can you imagine what it's like for the bird though? The bird's like lost and kind of sick and doesn't know what to do. And let's say it's a wild bird. These humans just pick it up and next thing you know it's in the middle of like Los Angeles somewhere just like in the middle of the valley eating berries. Life is good. Being hand-fed and then it's going to go back and go guys you won't believe what happened to me. Wait how are we going to make this determination? Let's say no one steps forward. That no one steps forward? Yeah. Let's say it's a wild bird. They should have like a call so like they are found in the valley but in Pasadena where they are the other wild bird we had like recognized made that kind of wild call and flew up to them right away. Yeah let him perch. The goal would be to officially find out how it reacts to the wild birds.  You want some water? Look at this. Let's put the berry in the water so you can try to drink the water. Look look look. Yeah now you're getting water exactly. Do you see like the beak has a narrowness to it? It's like compared to like my fat leo's beak that narrowness can be from shaving on the bark of the tree. But listen I could be saying all this and next thing you know it's somebody's bird. It just it's just odd that it had eaten all. You saw the purple on all the wild berry look on the face. I just can't imagine someone giving him a plate of blueberries. Yeah you're her type. I know but I don't know if I should touch her if I touch this one. Just wash your hands and then you can. Oh yeah. He's coming back to you. He's coming back. Where shall we quarantine you? It's like a worry sound like a kid kind of sleep. He's probably gonna go back in the wild and go man I never got a good sleep like I did on that very blanket. Guys guys check it out.  I swear I swear. Maybe it was somebody who brought it to Whole Foods and Whole Foods wouldn't let them bring it inside so they like were like I'll be back. Yeah and then that was probably it. Maybe it was actually outside of church. Oh no. Maybe he was trying to get into prayer. Has he been there since yesterday? Why was yesterday like a special? Sunday. So he was going to church. Like it was yesterday a special day. Church just happens on a Sunday. He probably tried this in a go on Saturday. Then he's like I think I'll go to church on Sunday. Are you Jewish too? Thor brings public library. Oh library. My back's too lost it? The library? No. Libraries aren't even open. Everyone's gonna know I left. But maybe you'll bring back the scrunchie. Maybe parisation. We're matching scrunchies to match your mask. And we make Megan wear one. No, I'll wear it. Match your scrunchie to your mask. Yeah. You could buy like a combo. Sure we do. So we'll just give it 24 hours and see what happens. Yeah it's talking in the morning and I'll definitely go next door and I want to look around to see. I'll look also on all the but if someone lost that bird we'll find them for sure. Thank you so much for hanging out. Thank you. Do you want anything in the water? I'm gonna go back to work. Okay. Labor day. Should do labor. Today we are we're getting a bird. Oh my god. I missed you all day time.


Satellite remote sensing is a powerful tool for monitoring flooding in the Mekong Delta. And visit ASARWSM data was used to analyze the flood regime in the region, providing insight into the frequency of flooding and its impacts on various parts of the Delta. The data revealed that certain areas were more prone to flooding than others, with some remaining dry throughout the year. Additionally, the data showed how dike construction can affect floodwater emergence and how the land use in the area influences the flow of water. This article was authored by Stefan Dek, Shin Wuli, Patrick Leinankugel, and others.


Look, they said that I couldn't do it, so I went in Did it W zone o' you know I been Winnin' Top of the world, the globe is Spinnin' If you know, you know I've been on a What mission? Okay, let's get it


Just before I start, my background is actually after I did my PhD, I was working in IT for several years before going to more sort of an academic position. So I have, you know, some experience in IT, information technology. So I'm going to be talking today more from the analyst point of view as an analyst trying to answer sort of database, trying to answer data questions. So I'm not sure if anybody here is associated, I mean, with a hospital in New York State. But if you're associated with a hospital in New York State, there's probably one thing you've been focused on in the last, you know, year is this project called DISRIP. And this is a big project. So in New York State, there's a program, every state, there's a Medicaid program. This is insurance for low-income residents. In New York State, it's a pretty large program. There's about five. I think right now it's five, a little bit over five million people, 20 million are on Medicaid in New York State. So it's a little less than a quarter of the population are in Medicaid. So this population is traditionally the very difficult population to manage. And New York State has the highest, I think they still do it, the highest per capita spend in Medicaid in the United States. And so there's been a, when Andrew Cuomo became governor, it was a push to sort of make Medicaid more efficient. And one of the things they started negotiating with CMS, which sort of manages the Medicaid program, was this waiver program, which will allow to bring money back into New York State. So if New York State can save money in Medicaid, now it's a 50, I think the last number that I saw was like a 50 billion dollar program in New York State. State pays part, counties pay part, the federal government pays part of it. But if they can save money by reducing, you know, proving health care outcomes, they will be providing money back into the system to improve health care, to reform health care. Also, if you're in the health care field, you hear a lot of talks about the move from what's called the fee-for-service model to a value-based payment model. So what that basically is in the past, and it's still, let's say, a large proportion of the ways things get paid in health care is, you know, you see a doctor, doctor provides a service, they bill a specific code, they get money for that code, right? And it's a very sort of disjunctive, disjunct system. The idea of value-based payment is that you're going to focus on the quality of the outcomes. So in the past, if you got a, for example, a hip replacement, you know, the surgeon made money, the hospital made money, and if you came back sick, or like there was a problem with the implant, the hospital would make more money, the surgeon would make more money, right? So it, you know, there wasn't really an incentive to sort of improve the quality of care, and so with value-based payment, it's going to be, you get a flat amount for a hip replacement, and if you have problems with the hip replacement, the hospital system has to eat the cost. So that gives an incentive to sort of improve quality and start using data to understand the process. The other aspect and district that's an important aspect is integrating care across multiple settings from the inpatient to the outpatient.  And so the other part of this trip is for, you know, the Medicaid members that are in the hospital and discharged, we want to sort of continue their care out of the hospital and improve that, and so have sort of a better care transition. So another part of this trip is the first sort of Medicaid, changes in Medicaid were done at the state level, and now they're going to be basically in this trip, you push the changes to the local system level. So Mount Sinai is a participating provider all across the state. I think there's about 20 different sort of networks that are sort of responsible and take risk on people. So it's a, you know, so it's a very complicated program, a lot of deadlines, but potentially, this is probably going to be the largest like infusion of money into the New York State healthcare, you know, hospitals for a period of time.  So if we meet the metrics, you could potentially about the eight billion dollars can come back to New York State in the New York State hospitals. So I am from Stony Brook University. Stony Brook is in Suffolk County, Long Island, and we have sort of branded ourselves the Suffolk Care Collaborative, and basically we're responsible for the care of Medicaid members in Suffolk County, New York. And eventually we'll be taking sort of risk on them. So we want to be able to sort of understand the data, work with the data. So we're at Stony Brook University. We're an academic medical center. We're also a part of the state government, we're a state organization. And, you know, I've been sort of in doing data analytics at Stony Brook since about 2006, 2007. So, you know, it's like I had a lot of experience sort of working through programs. We had a contract with the New York State Department of Health for data analysis.  During that time, I've got a lot of experience sort of, you know, what works doesn't work. So, you know, we have, for example, in Stony Brook, New York State, or through SUNY, we have licenses for a lot of the commercial software products.  Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, ArcGIS, we have a campus license for, we have a campus license for SAS.  But then, this was particularly for us in this one, because we were sort of in a role of not just being like an academic institution, but now we're actually going out and acting as a healthcare provider. Can we use these licenses that we have an academic license for something? Can we use it in something where we're going to be, you know, potentially taking risks on people? It gets a little bit complicated. So that kind of worried me a little bit that our traditional approach of using some of the proprietary software tools would lead to some future problems. And also, we are a state organization. So we have this purchase order system, which it's real pain. It's, you have to order licenses, you put a purchase order in. It takes really forever. You put a purchase order in and, you know, the system goes down in the summer. You can't order anything during summer. It's a real, you know, so we had really a tight timeline. That was one issue. And, you know, I have experience using some of this commercial software on top line. And it's always been very complicated to install.  You have to get the correct license files. You have to worry about activating licenses. And a lot of times we're on restricted networks. So we have issues with license activations. You might have a licensed server on the other side of the campus. And we're working on the different side of the campus, the medical side, and the firewall between them so we can't talk to the licensed server. So it's a very sort of complicated process. It just adds, it makes the process more difficult. And keeping track of licenses can be a real pain. You almost really basically need almost one, if you're for a big project, you almost need one person, one full FD, just basically doing the administration for the ordering, the licenses. It just takes a long time negotiating with, you know, vendors, you know. And so in this project, the state had given us a very, like, strict deadline to meet. You know, we start, the CMS approved, in the first slide, they approved the proposal in, they got the approval in May of 2004, or April of 2014. We had to be up and running by May. And sort of our first deliverable was basically in September. And we had most of our analysis done by September. And so we had a very tight timeline. So I felt that, you know, we could have went with the traditional solutions, but I thought, let's try out, we're not going to be working with that larger volume of data, let's try this approach. And then if it doesn't work, we can always move to sort of proprietary solution. So if anybody here is from Health IT, they know about, it's sort of always a couple steps backwards, right? When you, if you have insurance and you get a claim, like you get that bill, explanation of benefits, EOB, right? The most likely your bill was processed by a mainframe system.  And, you know, it's, that's still running today. So the systems for New York State, the Medicaid payment system is called E-Menni. It's written in COBOL, it's maintained by CSC. It's a gigantic system, it's complicated. It runs on a mainframe. SAS is also another very popular sort of analytic tool in healthcare. It's expensive if you have to buy sort of the licenses for it. And also other aspects, why is healthcare IT so sort of, I would say code it a little bit backwards? There's issues like, you know, legal liability, right? So you're taking care of patients. Something goes wrong, right? Do you want to have people worry about legal liability? You know, and there's this rule called HIPAA, which has good intentions.   So, and I think in the population health, because it's outside of the direct care of patients, you know, can be a context for proving ground for open source solutions.  So I came to the Postgres, Postgres ULPG Comp last year and, you know, what I found there was that this is, you know, it's a mature database platform. I also liked that there was a lot of, seemed like a lot of active development.  It seemed a very active project, right? And it was easy to install on common Linux distributions, even on a Windows server, you can install it. And if you know in Health IT, a lot of, there's still a big dependence on Microsoft Windows in a lot of the Health IT shops. And the one thing, one of the talks I went to last year was from a company, I think it's called Spatial IQ and they were showing how they were doing things with Postgres and I was pretty impressed with what I saw. So, and I'll go in a little bit more detail why the Spatial aspect is important in doing healthcare analytics. Also, you know, good support for some of the more recent ANSI standards for SQL, so giving you flexibility to write pretty complicated queries. So now I'm going to switch a little bit, but, so the other aspect is that, you know, in the, I wasn't given that much choice of what I could do in terms of the installation. So it's not a, I would say, highly optimized database installation. I mean, they said this is what you can have, right? This is the environment you have to work in, you know, you install it in that environment, right? So, you know, they, in that, when an RIT shop at that point, they, nobody had installed Linux. So, they had installed the first Linux installation in the Health IT department. So, they had actually, they had vendors who installed it for certain products but not themselves for an internal project. So we had it deployed with an existing hospital IT infrastructure. It's a virtualized environment. I know this is not, you know, for a database, but we're not doing, we're more on the analytics side. It's not a high-therapy database. So, you know, you could provision cores to it.  So I'm gonna go through and talk a little bit details on some of the, I'm gonna focus mostly on two and three, but I'm gonna talk about a little bit about why the schema functionality and the data, you know, where you can sort of have fine-grained access into certain databases, schema is important. I'm gonna talk about discharge data. Also gonna talk about spatial data and how we use PostGIS. And then I'm gonna give an example of, you know, how we can kind of tie things together in sort of a traditional business intelligence approach to get insight out of the data. So, you can, I don't know if you, well, you can see the actual name, the database of the schemas, but one of the things that, when we started the project, you know, we just want a small team, we put everything into the public schema. And we quickly found that, you know, got kind of messy. So I really liked that sort of easy to add schemas. We could start organizing our data into sort of separate categories and we could work with no separate categories. And then also some of the data that we had access to, Spark's data, they had different restrictions on it. Some data sets were public, other data sets were contained, what's called PHI, patient level information. Other data sets were limited, but they were licensed for only certain people. So we need to have control, we need to have different levels of access. I'm not gonna talk, I mean, I learned this stuff basically reading the documentation on the web, how to do it. And it wasn't that complicated sort of to set the access permissions for different users. So one, now I'm gonna maybe focus a little bit more on the analytic part and how we solve certain analytic problems. We had, let me step over here. We have, one of the things in healthcare data is what's called temporal data. We have a lot of data that's associated with time-based elements to it. And really transition of care is really important. Now hospital systems and are basically graded on things like readmission risk, which is the, which I'll show an example of this. So we have, when you're basically in the hospital, it's like in some ways like being in prison, because you can only be in one hospital at a time, right? So we know that if you're in the hospital, you're in that hospital, you're not getting out, right? You can leave, not like a prison in that way, but you can always leave. But you're basically, when you're in that, stay at the hospital, you're basically at that hospital, you can't move your associated with that. And we, you know, when we wanna compute what's called readmission is that, so what happens is if you're in the hospital, you know, getting treatment, you have nurses 24 hours, you have doctors, you have residents kind of kind of looking over you at very levels. And then, okay, Medicare or Medicaid only pays three days. Now it's time for you to go home, right?  And that's really kind of how the, you know, you're somebody else's problem now, you're not the hospital's problem anymore. And what they found is that a lot of people were coming back to the hospital, right? So the transition of care from the inpatient to the outpatient, there were problems, so people were coming back to the hospital. So they had this idea that, okay, if you can get past 30 days of being an outpatient, then probably when you come back to the hospital, it wasn't really related to your original discharge. And so we want to, you know, we want to look at these time intervals and try to compute, okay, is this a readmission to the hospital or not? And so we hope that our data looks in nice, clean intervals, right? And that's what you cut out of an administrative system. Even there it can get a little messy. But if you're working off electronic health record, the data's not going to be normalized nicely, you're going to have sort of intervals of data that overlap, that nest. And if you've ever ridden any as an analyst, you've ever ridden any SQL to process this, it's going to get messy really quick. You get a lot of case statements, a lot of endpoint testing, it's messy. So, you know, the good thing, and this is one of the things that why I was, you know, I thought I had a safe bet using PostgreSQL because there's a lot of support, there's a lot of different functionality that comes right out of the box. You know, you have a lot of these new, say, no SQL database offerings, you know, that don't have all the same level of like the same functionality. And so you end up having to program a lot of stuff that is already built into the database system. And so this is an example where there's something already built into the system. So there's a type called range. You can have date time ranges, date ranges. And so we can represent your stay in the hospital as a range. And so this is an interesting example that, you know, you were in the hospital, you know, for four days, you're discharged on the 18th day. You can represent that in two ways. That's sort of a closed interval. I found, I mean, this is just, I mean, maybe there's better ways, but I found that it was easier to work with sort of this, where you have a point and then you have sort of just a little bit below that point to work with. And so this is how I represented sort of your range, your stay within the hospital as a range interval. For the work I was doing, I thought, okay, they had date range operators, but I said, okay, let me actually just convert it to integers, it's easier to work with, it's easier to understand. And so I converted to what's called Julien Day, which is a way, which is used in claim processing systems for representing dates. And then we could construct a, basically we could, and this was ready, actually, I just searched Google, like Julien Day, PostgreSQL, and then the answer came up. And then I figured, then we worked out how to construct a range. And then what's the nice part is you get all these operators. So once you put your start date and your end date into a range, now then you have a whole bunch of operators which you can work with, and which you can work with. You don't have to write those complicated case statements anymore, you can just think in terms of the ranges. And you probably can't see that from here, but a whole bunch of different range operators that you can work with, pretty powerful. It saves you a lot of coding. And so what we wanted to do is, first we want to sort of normalize the data because the data we got was not clean. I used the range operators first to test. Is this, do we have intervals that overlap with each other that are adjacent to each other? And I was able to use that quickly, get an answer back that I questioned, yes we do. And so then we had to normalize the data. We had to basically construct those inpatient stays based on underlying data. And I'm just highlighting where we used the range operators, and I can show you. So we're basically, question? We used, what we used Tableau, we connected the database to Tableau. So we used, I mean so for the, to get the sort of like a spreadsheet out, we used Toad. So I mean like Navicad is similar to Toad, right in that they're sort of, it actually in the Toad, it actually displays correctly, it wasn't a problem. It was some issues which I, with the geometry, and it uses a lot, I guess when Toad brings the geometry data in, it uses a lot of memory, so you have to put a limit in there, because it can cause like, for some reason, if you don't put a limit in, it can cause some of these crashes. But that's more a function of Toad, than not of the database. It looks nice, I mean I could, this is how it looks in Toad, right? So it actually represented this nicely. So it's looks, you can read it, right? That's always good, right? You want to be able to read your data, right? So what I'm doing here is, since you're basically joining, you want to basically, you have to do it in sort of an iterative fashion. You join, you look at whether there's any overlap for a specific patient, then you take a union of that, and you update, and you do that iteratively until you can't make any more updates to the data. So it's, we start off with, let me see if I can move this over, can I get over to the side? So like here, these are sort of overlaps, or they're not perfect intervals. By applying that sequel repeatedly, we're kind of doing a join, we're saying, okay, does this intersect? If it does, creating a union, updating, and doing that until we can't make any more changes. So it takes, I just did it sort of, I know you could probably do a more sort of programmatic way, but I just basically executed until there were no more changes. There's nothing we're doing all the time. You kind of process once. And then once you have the data sort of normalized, and you have nice intervals, it's very easy to say, find the intervals that pair with each other. And then you can basically, once you can find those pairs, and you can find the smallest pair, the smallest difference in pairs to get the one that follows the other one. And so now you basically have two paired discharges, and you can compute the time difference between the two. And now you have your days to readmission. I think most people, they actually take this out, and they do it in either a SAS or an R or in Python, but we could do it within the database. So this is just showing the chain in patient stays. So this is a, I mean, it's basically in about 70 lines of code. I've normalized the date ranges, and we've linked to in patient stays, so now we can compute readmissions. I developed this on a test data set, but then I applied it to a data set of 100,000 discharges. I don't say, it wasn't like it took hours to run, it was pretty quick to run, I would say, in the minutes. So now we have this sort of these intervals of time, and now I can pass it on to other analysts who wanna build predictive models, predictive risk models, and do things like machine learning. But you have to start, you have the data in a nice sort of organized, clean fashion in order for the next people to like build the best possible models. Now I'm gonna switch to talking about some of the spatial aspects of the, so when I was, the talk last year, I saw about the spatial functionality associated with post-JS, I think there was, I wasn't here yesterday, but there was a talk on QJS, and also a talk on post-JS. And I had, before I had done some work with ArcGIS, so I had some basic just function, like knowledge of just how it works spatial projection. So it is a very mature, very sophisticated system, post-JS. And this is showing the, this data is being served from a post-JS database, it's showing you sort of doing a spatial projection, which these are not trivial things to do. You don't wanna write your own spatial projection algorithms if it's done correctly. So QJS is a open source JIS system. I've used ArcJS a little bit, and I feel that you can get most of the things right now, like functionality that ArcJS has in QJS. And you can connect right to the post-JS database, post-gross database, everything, it's like it works nicely. It's fast, it's quick, it draws things correctly. So that's where we can basically do our spatial data processing, and then move it in post, and then have a central repository, and all the analysts can work off of that to do sort of spatial analysis. So why is spatial analysis so important in this healthcare data setting? Part of it is because now we have regional health networks, we wanna know where people live, where they are in the network, which providers are they near. So a lot of things become spatial questions, like finding providers, finding hotspots of Medicaid members. So it becomes sort of a lot of spatial-based questions, and we can answer those a lot of spatial-based questions within the database system. So as I said before, Stony Brook is in Suffolk County in New York, so this is Suffolk County, Long Island, we're kind of, I guess, right here, right? So Long Island stretches out pretty far out into the, and then Suffolk County has sort of a, it has agriculture areas where it looks more rural, and most of the portion in the west is more suburban. So one of the things if you've done, if you ask somebody in healthcare data spatial analysis, they say zip codes, postal codes, right? That's the level of, that's the level that we sort of work with, because the postal codes are there, they're easy to work with, right? And a lot of times the postal codes are good, I mean, but we wanna move beyond postal codes if we wanna answer more sophisticated things like the distance between a patient and a provider. We can take the midpoint of the zip code, of this postal code region, but that's not always accurate, some of these postal codes out here in the eastern end of Suffolk County are pretty large. So we wanna move to a more spatial-based perspective. So now we're gonna sort of zoom in, we're, as an example, to look at why we wanna move beyond zip codes to more spatial-based healthcare data processing. And just to say that this is, I mean, there are, I think Oracle has spatial extensions, MSQL has spatial extensions, but they're expensive, and you get really mature functionality within post-jiz. And so I'm kind of zooming into one area, and I grew up in Centiport, which is up in this corner here, which is just on the, but I was, when I looked at some of their original data, I saw this, I always thought that, for example, that there's two regions, Dick's Hills is one, Hunting Station is another one, during this 11746 zip code, and I can just, maybe if I can get that, oh, I lost the mouse, but in this zip code area here, but it's a pretty large area. And since we're interested in the Medicaid population, we have this area here in Dick's Hills is different, very different socioeconomically than Hunting Station. So if we combine them into one zip code, we're gonna miss, we're losing some of the granularity that we need to do a kind of an accurate analysis of the population. So within that area, so Hunting Station and Dick's Hills, they have the same zip code. Zip codes weren't really developed for population health. They were developed for mail delivery. And a lot of them are historical. If a community developed a certain point, they put a zip code around it. So they're not really sort of good units for population health analysis, but that's not all we have to work with. But they're actually, you know, within the Census Bureau recognizes things other than zip codes, they have census designated places, and they recognize separate communities of Huntington Station, South Huntington, Dick's Hills, right? So now I'm gonna show you how these communities are different, right? So, you know, we go to Dick's Hills, right? Google street map, you know, it's, I don't know, what's the zoning? Is there a three quarter acre to one acre zoning for houses?  It's the same zip code as Huntington Station, which has more dense housing, and we'll look to see some of the differences between these communities. In order to see some of those differences in the communities, we need to convert our patients' addresses into latitude and longitudes. And so we need to use a geocoder for that process. Particularly when we do what patient addresses, you can't just go to Google and put a patient's address into Google, because basically you are telling Google your patient is, they can look at your IP, you're coming from a hospital, and now you're geocoding, you know. So you wanna have, we have to do it sort of internally, and Google has limits on the number of geocoding you can do, you have to use it within their environment. So we need another geocoder. I've used the geocoder within ArcGIS, scripted something for it, it's kind of ugly. I found that when you install post chest extensions, you can also install a tiger geocoder. I found some instructions on the web, how to operate it, get it working. I installed the street data for New York State, because we're only interested in New York State. And this works well for residential addresses, because Census Bureau is really interested in people living, residential addresses, they're not interested in businesses. The one thing I did found with this geocoder is that when it does fail matching an address, it fails pretty badly. Like, you have to check on zip code, you have to add a second level of checking so that if it fails, then you find yourself that it's actually geocoding address in upstate New York.  So it's like, this is really bad. Like, that's the best match, really. And so, you have to add a second level of checking. I mean, it's great that it's freely available, but you have to add a second level of checking to that. But, if you use that extension, there's no privacy issues with that. And I go, this is using the geocoder where you just put, you can just, and within the SQL, we have a procedure, you can function. You can then call that geocode address. So I took those two addresses that I showed on Google Maps, geocoded them. You know, one is on the station, the other one is Dick's Hills. I'll talk a little bit why these are sort of different communities. You can see that in Census Bureau data. So we can look at Census Bureau organizes data in sort of different levels of granularity.  We then we have block groups, which is finer grained. But this is looking at medium household income. And you can see that in the addresses that are on the station, right? The medium household income is about $50,000, the lowest there. Now, if you go over to Dick's Hills, the median household income is, one of the areas is 162,000. So there's really a big difference in these communities, right? One's a very wealthy community. The other one, you know, not as wealthy.  There's a lot of Medicaid members within this region. But those Medicaid members are not living in Dick's Hills, they're living in Huntington Station, right? So this is an important sort of conclusion, but if you lose when we just focus at the zip code level, we can also look at the ACS as all kind of the data. So we can look at the primary language, right? So some of the communities within Huntington Station have, you know, up to, I think it's hard to see here, 73% of the households, English without the primary language, Spanish is their primary language in the household, right? So if you're gonna be mobilizing care managers to patients living within these regions, you wanna make sure they're bilingual, right? Because the language barrier is a big issue. So, you know, these are really separate communities and we don't see that when we're at that larger green level. I just, I also, why don't you sort of do this and you do it on a, you know, within a database system, I can do it all in New York State, right? And so you can even see within, this is the Spanish language households, you know, what areas in New York City, you know, have high Spanish, you know, where the household mostly speaks Spanish. So how do you get all this nice spatial data into your Postgres database with the PostGIS extension? You start with things called shape files and they come in zip usually and they have a debase file format, part of it, and then they have some kind of binary format. There's nice tools that available to basically upload that data, convert that data into a format that can be loaded into your database. And I use, I mean, there's a GUI tool for it, but there's also command line functionality for that. How do we load the community survey data in there? You can go to a website called FactFinder, get data from there. Because I was working with a lot of different sort of state, I was looking at a lot of different variables. I wrote a tool to process some of the ACS data and load it, bulk load it into a Postgres database. Once the ACS data and the shape data is in the database, we can use what's called the GUI to link the two, and now we can link those two. And so now we can basically create these maps because we can associate the GUI with the shape. So once you have your data in sort of in spatial geometry, you can be basically, you're free from postal codes, right? You can do spatial join. So if I wanna ask a question about towns, school districts, water districts, fire districts, I can answer those questions now. I don't have to find a mapping between the zip code and the school districts. And a lot of times those mappings aren't perfect. So I can now do sort of what's called spatial join, doing, based on those two addresses, I can see which census tract are in, which block group they're in. As an example, I'm gonna quickly go through this because my time is running out. Other things, you can also do spatial processing. So when you load the shape files into the system, these are directly from the census website. If you look at it, this actually doesn't look like Long Island, right? Because it's missing the shape files overlap areas of water. And when you present your data to the higher level people, they say, oh, that doesn't look like Long Island. This doesn't mean, you know, it's like, this looks, so you wanna actually, polish as the presentation is important, right? But you can within all the functionalities within PostGIS, you can do what's called, you can intersect a base land area with the shape files to create nicer looking shapes. So you can, you know, these are, we can trim down to the land area. So we get a nicer looking map. If you're in the middle of like, for example, in Kansas, it probably doesn't, this is probably not, you probably don't need this, but an area like Long Island and New York where on the coast, the land areas are important. Sort of defining, making it look like, actually I'm on Long Island. This is an example of just how to do the intersections. PostGIS has a lot of functions for working with spatial data. I can't go into all that detail now, but there's quite a bit, you can just get on the website, read the documentation, understand it, and do some example, but it's not, I mean, it wasn't that complicated. And there's just more than basic things, you can do more complicated things, unions, you can combine shapes together, you can do intersections, which I showed in the other example, you can find midpoints if you only have. If you can't geolocate somebody to their address, but you have a zip code, you could use the midpoint as an example of the shape. So there's a lot of different sort of spatial processing you can do with PostGIS. The last thing I'm gonna go quickly through this is also working with other traditional types of healthcare data. SPARX is the system of hospital discharges for New York State. What's interesting, they like to deliver these files in a very flat format, non-relational format, or everything that you have repetitive columns. So it makes, what most people do is they write SAS programs to analyze this data that go through and iterate through all the different columns, but you want to take advantage of that full relational database model to get more insight from the data. So we didn't have that much time to write a lot of sequels, so we wrote tools to basically normalize the data, do automatic normalization of the data, look at and inspect the database structure, and then build automatic load scripts for that that sort of normalized it. And then what we can do is we connect traditional business intelligent tools, Tableau, relatively new player in business intelligence, but the sort of visualization front end environment. But ultimately what we want to get to you is we want to basically get insight. So we're doing all of this to sort of understand our population better, right? So we're processing the data, we're normalizing, we're looking at spatial relationships. Ultimately what we want to do is we want to get to the people, the managers, the people that run the hospitals, a report that they can understand insight from. So this is from the Sparks data where we've normalized the ICD-9 codes, and we looked at secondary diagnosis of Medicaid patients within Suffolk County. And what you can see is they were actually very surprised that the psychiatric disorders in the population is very high. So they always look at the primary diagnosis and what's called the DRGs, but they weren't looking yet at the psychiatric, secondary diagnosis of the patients. So these Medicaid patients that are coming in have a lot of secondary diagnosis. So this was something we can, through this pipeline, be able to give this conclusion out to the higher level, the people that wear the ties and the tucked-in shirts and the suits, and this is insight for them, right? So we have to get to that point. So parting thoughts, health care data for population health is not, I'd say, that big. We're talking, we can make it big, but we're talking mostly in the millions, 10 million, the biggest database we have has 100 million rows in it. Really that spatial aspect for data processing, very powerful tool. Post-GIS really kind of makes us a very powerful environment for doing health care data analytics. One thing, I mean, this is more of a thing, is that a health care data analyst, we need to develop sort of a sharing environment. I think that's what we can want a lot from open source software. Share what we do, you know, generate synthetic data sets so that we can develop algorithms on and not have to worry about private data. And the other aspect, I mean, you look at the roadmap, when you look at the 93 to 94 roadmaps and you look at what was being implemented, what was being implemented for 95, for example, you see that sort of, you look at all some of the extensions, that there's definitely good support in the future for, let's say, a more data mining database. So I think we don't have that much time for questions, right? But question?  What I found is the rating, it's, when you get zero, it means like it found the house, right? That location. But then I looked at, sometimes the 20 rating was better than the 10 rating. So it's, I think it's because it's based on some kind of, on a string comparison. And sometimes, yeah, so what I found, trying to restrict it, if the outside of the zip code, don't trust it, right? So that's kind of what, I had to build that extra level sort of check on it. Question? Okay. Okay, yeah.  Yeah, there, I guess we have the next talk coming.


This is stock number 10849, we are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, you're new and used sports car headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean, really good looking 2018 Chevy Camaro ZL1. This vehicle has a 6.2 liter supercharged V8 motor which pumps out 650 horsepower. This car has been fully safety and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this car is 100% ready to go. Red hot is the color. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is definitely your best way to check out the quality and condition of the car before seeing it in person. If you want to check out all the photos on this car in the upper right hand part of your screen is a link right to our website, click that and check us out there. This one has the 20 inch painted alloy rims, no scuffs or scrapes on them and it has brand new Goodyear Eagle F1 tires on here. These are 285.30 ZR20 tires in the front, you can still see the little flare knobs on there. Brand new tires, we put those on in our safety inspection. Front fender, no dents, no dings, no scuffs, no scrapes on there. It does come with the HID headlamps, the LED running lights and the LED fog lamps. Bumper and lower valance are in excellent shape, no scuffs or scrapes on there. Headlight lenses are nice and clear. Does have the carbon fiber center hood piece there and that's actually an air induction to the hood. No denser dings on the hood and the passenger side front fender is in excellent condition as well. No dents or dings on there and the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes. It does have the ZL1 Brembo brakes on it and as you go down this side of the car, you can see just how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down, you can still see the car, hear the car and have confidence in the vehicle that you were looking at before you even get here so that when you do get here there's absolutely no surprises. You can make a smart buying decision from the comfort of your own home. That is why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. A link right to our website where you can apply for financing. Get pre-approved, see a payment quote, even appraise a trade all from the comfort of your own home. So when you get here all you gotta do is drive the car, love it and you're all set to go. It does have the capitalist fuel fill. This back rim is in excellent condition as well. No scuffs or scrapes on there and the back tires are brand new as well. As we come around to the back of the vehicle, rear bumper is in excellent shape. It does have the back of parking sensors, the chrome tipped exhaust, decklid spoiler and the decklid are in nice condition. I didn't see any dents or dings or cracks or scuffs on that rear bumper. Back storage area is very nice and clean. I'm guessing this is a car cover in here. Yes, that's a car cover in there. And yeah, very nice and clean back here. Do get a tire inflator kit I believe. I think that's some electrical four-year sound system. So we come around to the driver's side just as clean as I pass on his side. No dents or dings on the rear quarter. And for full disclosure, this back rim absolutely perfect as well. Down the rest of this side of the car, the doors look really good. Lower valence looks really good as well. Has heated power mirrors with blind spot monitoring. As we check out inside the vehicle, you can see it has the black leather and suede interior. These are Recaro seats, red stitching, get the ZL1 format, Bose sound, memory driver seat, power windows, power locks, and power mirrors. The back seats are very clean as well. No rips or tears back. They're latch child safety system and you do get a cell phone charge pad. Notice you got all the red seat belts here. So we hop inside the vehicle. You can see that this one has 6,091 miles. Instrument cluster is very nice and clean and all digitally get a compass display. This one also has the heads up display. I think it's probably a little too dark right now to see, but it does have the heads up display. They're your controls for that heads up display. Anyways, you get the heated leather wrapped steering wheel, Bluetooth and information center controls on the right, heated steering wheel and cruise controls on the left, flat bottom steering wheel with the ZL1 and it is suede wrapped. It comes with the Chevy MyLink system with the factory navigation as well. This is also where your back of the camera is. Because our dynamic grid lines mean that they're going to turn as you turn that steering wheel. AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. It also has projection so you can project your cell phone to the screen.  You got your stability control, your different driving modes. So you got tour, sport, track, snow and ice as far as your different driving modes. You get the suede wrapped dash, steering wheel around the dashes in nice shape as well at the top and the passenger side seat, no rips, no tears. On there, ZL1 badge in the backrest and the headliner is an excellent shape on this car. This car has never been smoked in, it smells very clean and you do get on-star capabilities in that rear view mirror. We will take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you will have been able to tell just how clean this car is all the way around, inside and out. Under the hood we have the 6.2 liter supercharged LT4 V8 motor, 650 horsepower, engine base very clean runs very smooth. This car has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop, has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off and this car is 100% ready to go. Let's do one more final walk around here and to see more pictures of this car, one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, sports cars, Camaros, Corvettes, Mustangs, GT500, Challengers, Chargers, you name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you would like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. 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Hello guys, Crypto grounds here. Welcome back to another C sharp crash course video. This is episode four and we're going to do variables. Alright, so we are at 1005 subscribers. So if you're new here, make sure you like drop a like if you like the video and subscribe and turn on the bell notifications. Alright, so let's get on with the variable stuff. Also one thing for I forget to mention. If you haven't seen my 1000 like any of my 1000 subscribers special videos, make sure you check it out. It will pop up right here. Alright, so we have our variables right here set up already. We have int float double bull char string short long by in decimal. So I'm going to explain every single one of these. So first we're going to start with the size. Alright, so int is a 32 bit. It's a 32 bit whole number. We have floats double. I'm going to get to these ones first, but we're going to finish the whole numbers first. We have int short long bite. So basically bite is an eight bit version of an int long is a 16 bit version and short. No, no, no, I flipped them. My apologies short is a 16 bit is 16 bit and long is a 64 bit of an integer. Alright, so now we have our floating point numbers or variables. We have floats double and decibel. So basically double can store the most and has the second most decimal like precision, decimals of precision floats has the least and decimal has the most. But decimal stores the least amount. So I'm going to show you that in a second. I'm going to show you that right now. So float is a 32 bit double is a 64 bit while decimal is a 128 bit. Alright, so we have two more to go. We have bull and char and string. So we have three. So bull is simply a one bit. Why? Because it's zero. It's either zero one. It's just one bit. So zero one true false zero being false one being true. And char is an eight bit, which is basically just an ASCII character. So string on the other hand is a little special. String is actually class. Now, alright, so I was editing the video and I was talking about strings and I actually like wrote a bunch of stuff down and that was kind of incorrect. So I'm going to have to like go back and work my way there. So basically strings are different. Well, they're just like any other variable, but it is an alias of the of the capital string class. So this isn't a class, but it is an alias of the class like that. So but it's just like how int is the alias to system dot int 32. It's like how long is the alias to system int 64 string is the alias to I believe it's just string like capital string, maybe system dot string. I don't remember the top of my head and string is a string of chars basically. So we can't really say what help with the size of it is right. So if we want to convert all of so if we want to convert all of these to wrapper class or not a class that's original class. This one is system dot float. And also a lot of these are used for stuff like like in 32 convert in 32. No, no, that's not that doesn't count. You know that but like stuff like float dot pairs. You've probably seen that before float dot pairs. It's where you convert a string to a float. It's the same thing. That's the float class right there. It's literally the same thing. Right. We also got system dot double. I think this is system dot Boolean. I can't. Yeah, it is system dot Boolean. We got system dot char. And these are easy to memorize by the capitalization. Some of them like Boolean is different. And system and long of course are different. We have system dot int 16 system dot int 64 for long that's for short and bite the system dot bite. And so also this video might be a little longer than the rest because there's a lot of information from variables. And also there's system dot decimal. Dimus any I don't think so think that's it. Um, so storage. Let's get on with that. Now I can't exactly remember the exact ones except for a few. So I know int is very small we have floats which it's around 7.4 E 38 double. On the other hand is 1.78 E 308 and decimal is 7.9 E 28. So it's the smallest out of all of them. Um, now you don't need to memorize these. But if you're familiar with them, if you want to know what your limit is, it's kind of good to know. All right. So bytes. Now bite has a very small capacity. So since it's an 8 bit, the smallest thing goes 255 or that's the largest. It can go from zero to 255. So it's got to be positive. All right. So these are the maxes. By the way, these are max max men. We can do men after this. All right. So integers. It's a long number. But here we go. We'll write this out. Three, six, four, seven, that's the max. And the men for an integer is the negative version of this, but it's eight. So the minimum is two, negative two, one, four. No, it's two, one, four, seven, four, eight, three, six, four, eight. All right. So bull, we don't need that char. We don't need that short short. All right. So the maximum for this one is actually quite small. 32,762. No, 67, my apologies. And the men for this one is negative 32,768. All right. So that clearly it's smaller because it's 16 bit. Hopefully that kind of starts to make sense. All right. So long, longs are going to be a little bigger. Now I don't really feel like writing this all out. But basically what we can do is we'll just write out the scientific notation, but it's 9018. I don't want to write out that whole number. And for negative, it's also or the minimum it's negative 9018. All right. Bites minimums are zero. Decimal has a minimum of negative one E 28. I think that is all I need to review if we can do precision for these ones for float double and decimal. So we'll do that real quick. Now, oh, I haven't done float and double yet. Okay. So the minimum for double is negative is negative five E 324. All right. Now for float, it's negative 1.5 E 35. No, it's not E 45. It's E 45. All right. So take a look at those. Hopefully you understand that those are the men's, those are the max, and that is the size of each one of those. Again, string is different. So just remember that. Okay. Now let's talk about float double and decimal real quick. Okay. So basically floats have the smallest precision. So float is seven digits of precision floats. All right. Now doubles, on the other hand, are 15 to 16 digits. Now I don't know exactly why 15 to 16. I don't know why not just one or the other. But that's it. Same for decimals. 28 to 29 decimal digits of precision. So you can see there are some there are some advantages between all of these. The problem with decimal, it's quite very high on storage, right? So again, you really need to pay attention to these if you're really concerned about storage or RAM usage, right? So if you're just if you have like 1000s of levels or something like that, don't use long, you could use, you could use short in all honesty, if you don't believe you're going to get above this number, you could use short. But in general, you just use int. So just remember be cautious of what you're using this for. If you need something that's very precise, use decimals or double. If you need something that's not so precise, use floats, but also not so big. If it's so big, then you got to use doubles. All right, what else do I got to discuss? I think that's it. I think that's all I got. If you guys have any questions below, let me down in the comments. I have, I have like 20 more of these videos to go. So anyways, subscribe if you... All right, so my my phone just ran out of storage made a video. So sorry if there's like a weird cut or something. But anyways, thank you guys for watching. I hope you guys enjoyed this one. I have like 20 more videos upcoming after this. So make sure you drop a like if you enjoyed. Comment below if you have any questions and subscribe to my channel if you're new and make sure you turn on the bell for future notifications. Anyway guys, thank you for watching. Peace.


Artists need to pay attention. It's nothing personal. Some people take it personal. But really, when you look at Chris Brown, other people like that usher, you know, they use and they see the market and they play the market. Yeah, we on boss talk. One on one. One on one. Yeah, we gonna talk. I actually had a Bobo.  And I had said that silk was hard and you said, yes, it was hard. But a few people said, you know, otherwise. And when I clipped it in, boy, listen, I had just because I wasn't seen silk right after. Yeah. I didn't know I was going to see this man. Yeah. But I said, man, I remember we were talking about the, let me get that pool that back in there. You just see the clip. Now I didn't see it. I didn't see it. I put it back in there.  He got some with Jay-Z. He had to give him his flowers, man. He did what he did. And Jay-Z, he told me Jay-Z gave him that verse for free too. That's dope. But how is it though, working with people and seeing the way that people charge each other? I know D'Roll just was on here and he also said he's never paid for a feature with anyone. He just, if he needed it, he asked what even would he did? If he didn't never charge him for that remix, get big, he'd say nobody's ever charged him for a feature.  You know what I'm saying? Ever. Not once at the time. And I never did features with anybody in the industry. I ain't ever paid for one. So that's really off respect. Like, when I do features for somebody for free is because I respect who you are and I respect your artistry. That's how I want it. I used to tell myself if I can't get an artist for free then I need to keep working. You know what I'm saying?  Like Jay-Z do only free verses. Yeah. You know what I'm saying? But you gotta get to the level. You know what I'm saying? You gotta get to that. He ain't gonna charge you for no verse but if you get to the level to where, so if you're an artist, you wanna earn that. So that's how I always looked at it. But I do know it's a difference. Like it's one thing to get somebody on your verse. It's another thing for them to do the verse and come do the video. The video, yeah. That's a whole another thing. Cause that's a whole, so when, when it's like did he want, oh, so that was another thing. Did he did that video? Is it the work ethic you believe that they have to push up and then get that feature or should they buy into it or what's the hustle?  It's about being hot. If you're hot, then you know, you get favor. But if you're not, Did it price cover? The favor is a turn into a price tag. You know what I'm saying? So that's just what it is. Really, it's like a major artist to see a person that's hiding in that region. Of course, they're not gonna charge me. They're gonna want that support so they can build a fan base even more stronger. Yeah, yeah, yeah. That's what it's really about.  Like I said, Silk say, Jay never charged him. Everybody stayed in the city that there was that cause it was the last day of the tour. So everybody party, having fun. Jay go back and finish the song up and send it to me. So he must have got a suit like three o'clock in the morning. I got it that morning and I made my time to edit it. You know what I'm saying? And someone, and he killed it. He was like, this is crazy. And I ain't thinking he's gonna make because it was on tour. And so he sent it and I was like, I was like, oh man, you killed it, right? I was like, how much I owe you? And he was like, nothing. And I was, I think he was going for $100,000 easily. And he was like, nah, don't worry about it. Just next time, you know, look out for me. And I was like, I did something for him later on, not music wise, but just some real, real, real, pretty sure it's just a lot of stories out there where people was like, dang, he jumped on this from Pharrell to any of those guys. When somebody's hot, they just come in the city and they do it like a trade off. Exactly. Pretty much. And that's what it is. But when you cool off, you know, get that. Yeah, get the same load. What about people who big? I've seen this too. And I only been in this a little while. I've seen people, I've heard of things like this. Artists is hot. Next thing you know, they not hot no more. But then the person that would, when they was hot, the other person had reached out to him and now that they coming down off their hotness, that person like, I'm cool. Yeah, you get, you get excluded after that roller dex. That's what it is. You know what I'm saying? So it's like artists need to pay attention. It's nothing personal. Some people take it personal.  You know what I mean? Chris Brown grabs everybody that's hiding Dallas and he's either gonna do a show with them or they're on the tour. And he's playing the market. He's gonna play the market continuously. Drake is real precise about that too. So you got to really pay attention to the market in order to keep your alone, Jeffery. And a lot of people don't understand that dynamic of the game. That's real relationships. So if you meet a person, cause I've learned in podcasting, right? I like organic, like me and your relationship. I'll pick up the phone, call you. I know it's genuine. It's nothing, no strings attached. We just cool. We met up like this. Just some brothers who understand, hey man, okay, yeah, you did okay. And you give me a shot. I give you a shot. And we give each other a shot at friendship and relationship building. And it's important. How important is it to go in the right way? It's very important. Because if you don't go in the right way, then it don't last. That's right. You know, I've had arguments with some of the artists that I'm extremely close with. And I shared with them that if this relationship that you have is not organic, it's only monetary. So if you fail, or you don't meet that marker, then when it's all over and the dust settles, the phone numbers are gonna change. The access is gonna change. There's not gonna be no less going to studio and vibe. None of that. You know what I mean? Because you're not an asset to them anymore. So you have to be real careful how you form relationships and how you render yourself to people expecting them to render themselves the same way you're doing that. It's not gonna work that way. Wow. Yeah. I was waiting on it. No, I wanted to ask you, because the last time when you were on the show, you were talking about the release. You hadn't put out your instrumental album at that time yet. But I know it's out now. How is it going? It's going really good. And I guess I could just say this on... Boss, I'm going to work, yes, sir. My idea with that, I wanted to put it out to see how we're doing. It's doing good. So now I'm going to disclose that my idea for these instrumental albums is to give people a chance to rap on my music. So if you want to rap on those tracks, all you have to do is go to iTunes and pay for the track. It's gonna be $1.99, pay for it, show proof of payment, and you can use the track. It's non-exclusive, and that's all you have to do. I'm going to be doing this, doing two albums a month. So it'll be... Oh, that's dope. It'll be like 20 tracks a month that people get to pick from and go to iTunes. And if they want to put a record out with one of the tracks, they can do it. That's cool. I like that idea. Yeah. Well, you know, you got to understand, man. You don't understand how God is using you sometimes when you got to be in the spirit to understand.  I love God. I don't try to hide it. You got to accept me like that. You can call me a hypocrite later.  You know what I mean? And you grew up young dealing with, you know, understanding the path that your parents and everybody was on, mine ain't had any. You know, you've seen these people that really meant a lot to you. Really, you know, loving and living life for God. You know what I mean?  You were recording with him when he passed away. PMC, the same thing. You had the opportunity to work with him. And I'm probably missing somebody. I don't even know. Big Hulk. Big Hulk. Yeah, I was a part of him. I was the last person to be in a shooting with him before he passed away. Yeah, we on Boss Talk 101. Yeah, we gonna talk.