Over the years she has always been compared to her sisters and picked a part about how she never looked like any of them. Growing up she had blonde curly hair, she was taller and choppier than her sisters and has once said in an interview that teachers would often say things like oh your corny and Kim sister ouch that's a little harsh. What's going on guys my name is Stella Nicole and we are starting something different here on Before They Were Famous. We have decided to make a new segment on Celebrity Transformations and since Michael doesn't know too much about this topic he decided to leave it in my hands. We will be discussing everything from amazing celebrity plastic surgeries or not so good plastic surgeries, weight loss, diets and so much more. I decided to kick off Celebrity Body Transformations with none other than Khloe Kardashian herself. Since she has made waves with her incredible body transformation and has become one of the most fit of all the Kardashians. As always I would love to hear from you guys so let me know who you want me to talk about next by leaving your comments down below. Let's get started. Khloe said that at one point in her life being compared to your sisters made her begin to be the funny fat sister. Khloe openly shared that she almost let this take ownership of her even though in reality she was not fat nor obese but society would force her to believe that she was. It must have been tough growing up with sisters who look like Kim and Courtney. I can't imagine what it would be like always being compared to them all the time and being ridiculed on features that you were born with. Like up in an environment like this can explain why Khloe is such a strong person and why she has earned the title of being the most relatable Kardashian. After looking at these photos of Khloe I would have to say that people were extremely harsh with her. Her chubby cheeks, light eyes and light hair I feel makes her stand out for the better and she was really beautiful. Over the last 3 years we have witnessed Khloe's incredible body transformation right before our eyes. But before we get into that I would like to first discuss the few tweaks that she has done to her face. Khloe has been open about plastic surgeries saying I think plastic surgery should be viewed almost like makeup because we are all putting on an effing mask basically every day anyway. When you dye your hair you are changing who you are and I don't think there is anything wrong with that. I think people should get plastic surgery or fillers or lasers or whatever they want that should be your own personal decision. Amen sister I would have to agree with her. I don't think there is anything wrong with tweaking something here and there that has made you feel insecure. I think anything done in moderation and tastefully is okay. Let's begin with Khloe's nose as I have always been on the fence for a while now if she has been under the knife, is a really good contour or she had injectables to help transform her nose. When comparing her nose from the early 2000s to now, you can see a dramatic difference especially when looking at her new post on her instagram page. You can see early on her nose was crooked at wire when comparing it to now. It seems to have slimmed down and have straightened out. Khloe denies any cosmetic surgery and her makeup artist Joyce Bonnelli has taken credit for her contouring skills seeing that she has given Khloe the best nose job over the last 8 years. I know about the power of makeup but how can someone thin on her nose and straighten it out with just some concealer and powder. Seems a little fishy to me but if this is something that can be done please Joyce let me in on your secret because Khloe's nose is looking pretty good. Khloe could have also gotten injectables at the bridge of her nose which would create the illusion of a straighter and thinner nose. This is a nonsurgical as well and could definitely help with the contouring process. Khloe could very well be another girl who just loves her face tune. You know the app that probably every girl on the planet including myself uses and has the ability to totally change the way our faces look. Khloe could very well be using the app, it's definitely a cheaper and more lowkey way of getting a nose job. And she very well could have picked her face or overdone it with the app. What are your thoughts on her nose?  Although just until recently her lips have gone a lot larger than they have been over the years. I have to say they look a lot better than they used to back in 2016 when she had gotten them done. They are extremely lumpy and look super botched. But when compared into this picture, although they are drastically bigger, they do look a lot better. Khloe has lost over 40 pounds which can explain how her face has slimmed down but when looking closely it makes you want to question what else she's done. The overall shape of her face has changed from round to more oval. This could be done by microlipal suction of the face specifically near the jawline. There's also Kybella injectables which is nonsurgical and after a series of treatments is used to improve the appearance and profile of the fat under the chin. I'm not sure which route she took but I think it's safe to say Khloe definitely went with one of these routes. Also, Khloe's eyebrows and forehead appear more relaxed which is most likely from Botox and she also got filler in her cheeks to give herself a lift and to push out her cheekbones. Overall, I'm loving her new look even though Khloe didn't need it, the small tweaks here and there have really helped her come into her own and I'm also a really huge fan of the blonde hair. Now let's talk about how Khloe went from this to this. Once at Khloe, while filming Keeping Up with the Kardashians, her mom and sisters told her to lose weight because it was hurting the family brand. Although she knew it was the business side talking, it was still hurtful. But the harsh criticism from her family wasn't the cause of Khloe's body transformation. It was her divorce to Lamar Odom in 2013 that pushed Khloe into a fitness frenzy. Khloe started working out during her divorce as it was her outlet for her emotions. Not only was working out therapeutic but she started losing weight. And once she began to see definition in her body, she decided to stay committed to a healthier lifestyle. She states, Never would I ever consider myself fat, but I will consider myself unhealthy mentally and physically and not knowing my true value, mind, body and soul. For me, my transformation journey started from within. I need to heal myself from the inside out. Once I started putting myself first, everything started falling into place. We can see her body transformations over the years. But Khloe did face scrutiny from the public when it comes to reflying the internet that Khloe had plastic surgery, which resulted in her drastic weight loss. Khloe was quick to shut these rumors down by dressing her haters not to discredit her hard work and dedication.   I know it's more fun to believe it's not real, kind of a compliment as I killed myself in the gym. I'm going to have to take Khloe's side on this one. You can tell from her older pictures that she's always had a curvy figure and always had a butt. But with her losing inches off her waist and hitting those weights, it's easy to believe that she's own natural. Good for you girl, I'm super jealous, I'm still working so hard to have a quarter of what you have. I can understand how people may jump to conclusions about Khloe's new body but I think everyone is forgetting that Khloe is rich and with money comes convenience. She has around the clock nutritionists and a trainer at disposal. With Khloe's dedication, it's no wonder she's able to achieve her goals. Let's face it people, if we get everything she had, we would also have no excuse to look anything less than perfect. Khloe not only credits her new body to working out but to a healthy eating as well. She explains to Health Magazine that she started with baby steps on her weight loss journey. She cut out sodas, then went dairy free for 2 weeks and that's when she lost 11 pounds. Khloe being a huge cheese lover found that cutting dairy was the most challenging part but in order for her to lose weight quickly, dairy free was the way to go. Khloe is certainly right about the dairy free diet, I personally cut dairy out 2 years ago and the results have been amazing. I do miss my Parmesan cheese though. Back in summer 2017, her nutritionists revealed that Khloe was eating 7 meals a day to stay trim. Her diet consists of being free of dairy, soy products, juice, dried fruit and fizzy drinks. Khloe's day on the plate is as follows. For breakfast she would have a protein rose blender blend shake made with 1 tablespoon of almond butter and fresh fruit blended with water and ice and a piece of fruit. For lunch she would have a 4 ounce chicken breast with vegetables and salad that's high in iron like beetroot and spinach. A cup of vegetables like celery or tomato serve with 12 almonds, a cup of celery or tomatoes with 1 egg. For dinner a fatty fish serve with 8 ounce of vegetables and a salad and a piece of fruit and she would drink 5 liters of water a day. Khloe super dedicates her diet and doesn't allow herself a full cheat day but just one cheat meal every week. This could be a pizza, slice of cake for dessert or pasta dinner depending on her cravings. If she drinks booze, Khloe will limit herself to 1 or 2 glasses while she never eats carbs after 3pm. Now that's commitment, it's no wonder how her waist is so tiny. I just can't stay away from pizza and pasta but hey, that must be the Italian in me. Khloe Kardashian now 6 month pregnant isn't letting her baby bump get in the way of her fitness journey as she's committed to staying healthy and fit during her pregnancy. She reveals that being pregnant is a whole different type of self care. She still exercises to maintain sanity but her workouts are nowhere as intense as they once were. Khloe also mentions that she eats differently and despite her cravings she wants to ensure that her baby receives the proper nutrients. As for the rest of this fitness journey, well we'll have to catch up with Khloe after she has the baby and find out what her secrets are to shedding that baby weight. Until next time, this is celebrity body transformations and this is a new series we have cooked up for you guys. Here are 2 more videos for you to check out, let me know who you th- Oh my god, whyyyyyyyyy can we just add that in just let me continue? I don't even care, why does that have to be perfect?  As for the rest of this fitness journey, well we'll have to catch up with Khloe after she has the baby and find out what her secrets are to shedding that f***.


And I think this next section is going to be so much short that we can be able to get done a reasonable amount of time here. And, you know, there's going to be a lot of room for discussion on this stuff. We're not trying to ram it through, but we're just trying to. I found with these, went through this exercise with Larry Lessig and the bulk data principles that, you know, at some point you can over-solve these problems at an index level. And if you can agree on the high-level buckets, then there's a lot of time to go into the next level now. Oh, I'll take that. Okay, so the first thing we were looking at was the definition of what we meant by primary legal materials. And if you remember right, that was a two-part definition. It meant that documents of primary authority issued by governmental bodies such as court opinions, laws, and regulations. And I do want to pull up my copy of Dorkin and a couple of the other books on, you know, what is the law. But I think that makes sense, right? I can bring these to the work statutes to laws. Okay, I'm fine with that. Because it's all the law, you know, right? Well, it depends if you're talking to under-to-law students or general public. Well, I'm talking to judges here, so we need to be precise. Hold on there. Judges and general counsels and law libraries. And then part B is the one that we've occasionally had issues because when you first came in with the national inventory of primary legal materials, a lot of law libraries said you meant primary authority, and therefore it must just be statutes.  So part two is supporting documents issued and maintained by those bodies, such as briefs, forms, and hearing records. And perhaps an FAQ to that one says this is a slippery slope as we move from the heights down into the municipalities and attorney general opinions or those considered primary legal materials or not. Yeah, at the risk of being exactly what you said you wanted us to do, I consider legislative history to be secondary authority, but because it's a product of the government, it's something that should be included here. That's why I say supporting documents issued and maintained by those bodies. Okay, okay. What was your, I guess I actually have a slide, I'm on more of a video. I'm sorry. Can you read the first part of your slide again? Okay, so first part is documents of primary authority issued by governmental bodies, such as court opinion statutes and regulations. Okay. Part two is supporting documents issued and maintained by those governmental bodies, such as briefs, forms, and hearing, and instead of hearing records, legislative history. And we can tweak the for example list.  And, you know, I'm not sure the full transcript of every justice of the piece session makes sense to have available, particularly if they don't have a record of the session, correct? Right. It doesn't make sense to say let's not include these things. It makes sense to take our suggestion of let's start with what's used the most. And as demand for things increases, maybe the list will expand. Yeah, okay. So that's pretty easy. Now we've got two more pieces to get through. One is the five non-technical principles. And I think a couple of these are pretty simple. And maybe an issue of how we term them. And one is that fees for dissemination of primary legal materials are inherently inequitable and should be avoided. Is that not strong enough? I mean, I'm basically trying to say, I think the pacer paywall should be abolished because I believe it is contrary to public policy and it discriminates. And to me it is a poll tax on access to justice. And I didn't want to use that word because that sets off all sorts of bells. A accurate statement that places a burden on us to do all the cost modeling stuff that was talked about this morning. Because inevitably when you propose that, you're going to get a response and say, well, yeah, but we've been covering costs of this with user access. But where does the money come from? And at that point you need to have a pretty accurate catalog of where it does come from. I either read it or regret it. Or a pretty good policy organism. Look, this ought to be a public good. So to the epilogue, I was going to add a cost thing. Talking about the money in very general principles. But I think that has to be dealt with. But are we agreed that fees on the dissemination side are kind of a core issue here? That fees for filing fees we're not really dealing with. And there's all sorts of indirect ways of assessing fees like taxes. We have mechanisms for that. But it's the page per page fees or the monthly subscription fees that have that dramatic effect. And I say it should be avoided. So if it's $100 to get the CMR and I can repurpose it, I think it's a stupid business model because I'll buy one copy and everyone will then use mine. But I'm fine with $100. In fact, for government videotapes, there's no restriction on use.  And so I bought them all and I put them on YouTube. And the fact that I had to pay a buck didn't bother me. The fact that I paid $39,000 a year for patents is, on the other hand, a problem. Plus the dollar for the physical DVD. Massachusetts Statutes talked about these charges were physical copies you take away or for the later involved in finding them in the archives. But once they've mounted it on the web for free, they've already done that. Yeah, I mean that's fair. That's why they should be avoided rather than saying they're unconstitutional or absolutely verboten. But if you're going to charge a fee for dissemination, you ought to really look twice. And the fee should be no more than the marginal cost of distribution. I was just thinking that that phrase needs to be in the law. Okay, thank you, marginal cost. And there, we're going to be clear that we're not against fees per se, but we need to look at their impact. And particularly Pacer, where the fee for doing a district court is a couple million bucks, then that becomes an issue. And that's certainly much more than the marginal cost. I don't want to set this spinning into the stratosphere necessarily, but I'm wondering if we can envision a situation in which we would ever want to distinguish between individuals accessing stuff for personal purposes and large data aggregators. So Peter Wynn at the Department of Justice kind of went down this road. So Peter Wynn went down this road saying, well, do you want to throw a license agreement that essentially said if you're a big commercial re-user, you've got to pay a lot of money, but if you're not, then you don't pay money. And the problem I have with that one is, okay, so let's say I get it for nothing and I make it available for anonymous FTP, which I do with all my data. Presumably West is just going to come to me. Now, there might be a requirement saying that West may not come to me and I have to license my data because I can get it for free, but I can only allow it for non-commercial use. And the problem I had there is that's an incredible slippery slope of deciding what's allowed and what isn't allowed and it really gets into the regulating data business. And we start to get into the situation you have at the Smithsonian Institution in which, you know, their data's all public, but you have to ask for permission to use it and they'll decide whether or not you're in allowable use or not. And then they tell you, well, you can use it, but you can only use it on your website for one year. You can't allow people to download it. You've got to impose a license agreement. And that, to me, at the primary legal material level seems a non-starter. I must tell you a funny story. I denunciated that old idea in a seminar for now where he was talking about it as a close analogy to the public industries and one of the people who was in the seminar started to say, yeah, but the Bureau of Mines never had to deal with an army of miners differently dressed in each arm of the tea space. And about a month later, recast started. I've denounced you to a lot of the commons where you're allowed to take a certain amount and no more. You've got 20 files and that's it. So you get three laws and no more? Or whatever one person can reasonably use for themself not to be selling to other people. See, that's a problem with that slippery slope because I'm on it all, right? And I want to audit it for privacy violations and I want to publish the cleaned up version of PACER and I want to do it for free because I think I have a right to do so. That's your personal idea? Yeah, and I see myself as no different than a prisoner who wants to, like, you know, take all the documents on his case and post it on his blog. And how do you make me different from the prisoner? Assuming I'm not arrested. So principle number two, I hope we don't have long as that. Who kind of generally agreed that this is going to need to be glossed heavily, obviously. Principle number two is copyright on primary legal materials are contrary to one standing public policy, period. FAQ, contract contractual restrictions that attempt to accomplish those same goals are also contrary to one standing public policy. Are there any issues with that one? And these two principles, by the way, are the primary goal of law. Everything else is window dressing because if the data becomes available, we'd rather they get it. On the other hand, if the Supreme Court can't get it together and we can get the breeze and the oral arguments, Jerry Goldman's done a wonderful job with the OAA project, and I think it's better that the Supreme Court do it. But the core issue is that the data is not available. The secondary issue is that it's not available from the source in a way that befits the dignity of our system of laws. But the core issue that brought a lot of us into this world is that it just wasn't available, period. Okay, point three, final authoritative text and word possible source codes such as XML should be available without restriction. And that's the one that we know we're going to have to do lots of FAQs. And remember, that's two issues we're dealing with here. One is the slip opinion is available, but the final opinion is only available from the report. And I've tried to say this in a way that didn't say commercial concession error and vendor. And then the second issue is the problem of not releasing the source code when you could. So PDFs of the Federal Register but the XML not being available. And in fact, a lot of people will do that. They'll perhaps make available the PDFs and then sell the underlying source code. I have to say that one word smithing issue I had that when you first wrote is, I don't know what the hell you're talking about when you say source code. Okay. I'm pretty sure a Federal Register. Yeah, yeah, no, I agree. The other issue is XML. Yeah. Does that stand for that one forever? No, it isn't. That's why I said such as XML. In fact, I'm absolutely not married to XML as the answer. And, you know, kind of best current practices are actually moving away from XML in many cases. If it's a tabular data, JSON is actually much more acceptable in many ways. So... And judges don't know what XML is anyway. So is there a thing you didn't say? Can we say original format? And word possible, the original format? And you might want to show it not proprietary, isn't there, just for the hell of it. Okay. Yeah, I think we need to gloss this one heavily. And I think the reason is, and I think by example, the Federal Register is a good example of that one. I'm worried there. I think it's better to leave that one a little opaque. I think that's one of the ones where the judge or the dean turns to their advisor and says what the hell do they mean by that? Well, it's got to be FAQ and it's got three or four, you know, examples like non-proprietary and XML and, you know, PDF and final form. I mean, it's got to be there, right? It's got to be there in some aspect. This should not be particularly to deal with this with the rules of evidence, right? The civil procedure says electronic documents must be produced in their native form as maintained in the ordinary course of life. Native form. Right? So they got native form is what judges mean when... Because, I mean, frankly, this is like half my life has spent OCRing TIFFs from the other side. 300 page TIFFs, you have to figure out what the multiple of them because they print out a spreadsheet, right? And they tile all of them, you have to figure out what the X by Y columns and rows are.  Right, but you want the X to last. When you want the original spreadsheet, that's native form. Right. But if native, I deal with a lot of images and sometimes they think they're doing me a favor and you create a GIF file that's suitable for the web. Same thing with video, right? They have an original format on a beta cam and they give me something that's ready for YouTube. It's, I don't want it ready for YouTube as a 320 by 240. I just switched to work. They were putting them out that way. The reason they did it was that the track changes comments and all the other histories were visible in the original in this Word document. So you're going to actually see which part was right. Which made them a little unhappy. So there may be some sensitivity to the native or underlying language. And so maybe that's again one of those should be applied as appropriate. So for large systems such as a federal register that's one thing. On the other hand, we explicitly say that track changes on a Word document are not necessarily, should be examined to see whether it's appropriate. And again, we're starting with if it's public here's how it should be distributed. We're not dealing with what cases should be sealed and not sealed, right? We're not dealing with that gating decision. So I mean one judge was worried that we wanted the written notes of all the judicial internal conferences released and it's like this is not that kind of a transparency discussion. Okay, that was point three. Point four is an active program of research and development standards research in conjunction with universities and other groups on challenges such as the automated detection and redaction of personal privacy information, PPI. And I could see a lot of different glosses on that with other examples. And we'd love to hear them. Are there other things we're missing in that kind of point which is you should be working with the rest of the world instead of doing this all internally and reinventing the wheel. That's kind of what that comes down to. I've noticed incredible power from the office of the federal register and GPO working with Tom's operation and with Ed Feld's operation at Princeton has just totally changed the quality of the work they're able to do because they're working with some of the best folks in the field. Some comments on that? How about examples of people already working as opposed to this is a list of people who are shopping out. But examples of Princeton and, you know, OFR for example and how that's worked out so well. It's always proven to be funding. Funding? Funding models. Yes. That there really is not much available so through NSF without them getting into a contractual process. It's almost as if they need to be told in some official way that they can have us come to work and pay them back. Well they spend a tremendous amount of money at the federal judicial center for example and yet they're doing no really effective R&D even though they're the R&D arm of the federal judiciary. There's a whole bunch of other administrative rule-making entities out there that could use some of these things. And, you know, it doesn't have to necessarily be both of the money going to university professors.  It's funny you mentioned the FJC because we actually added the bankruptcy code. Okay, so 0.5, I had access to the law should be considered a fundamental right in American democracy but I'd like to take that out and instead have 0.5 be something like we need more education training reference implementation to be out there. So a significantly expanded program of education for court reporters, IT officials and others involved in the mechanics of distribution of primary legal materials, education and training and then that whole reference implementation that we could be putting some software out there that others could build on and use and that's kind of the vision that a good city IT manager might be able to download some code serving software that let them maintain their municipal code or that some value-added vendor like Justia might take that code and build a Drupal plug-in and support that for a fee. But that there needs to be more in the field let's help these people figure out how to get it up and that's the last of the principles. And then we were thinking there's two other sections that need to be in there. One is why this is important and then the second was kind of the nod to economics. So why this is important legal education that law students are not getting access to primary legal materials sufficiently gloss on PACER I mean that's pretty simple. Legal research is essentially non-existent on the corpus today. There are a few examples like the IP Clarenhouse out of Stanford but there's a tremendous pent-up demand for people like Yo-Hai Beckler to access the corpus and do more effective things with it. And again an FAQ gloss on that one is privacy audits and the profits on PACER are another example of research that is impossible today. Innovation in the legal market I think that's pretty easy in the standard. Small businesses are not getting access to the legal information they need today both for serving the legal market but just as importantly for being an effective dry cleaner and you know the law today is many greedy regulations and it's difficult to make that information available. International trade in order to be able to trade with the United States more effectively our law should be more transparent. Access to justice both by lawyers and by non-lawyers who are attempting to represent themselves in our court system and democracy and that's where that fundamental right thing kind of got moved to the law and we must obey the law and it needs to be available. Essentially what you said but I think the challenge of critiquing the law people say it says what and go to their representative and say this is crazy you know I've read the law and it says this we need to change it and be able to mobilize people and say hey go to this website and look at what it actually says we should mobilize and change Tim O'Reilly gave an incredibly eloquent 10 minute description of why by making the law available maybe we could debug our legal system that it was incredibly complex today by making it available we could begin systematically walking through that. Vince served challenged him and said oh no no this is not like source code you can't really debug the law how are you going to debug her and a lot of people kind of jumped in and said well but you know a lot of the law are regulations on how much paint can you know how much lead can be in paint and there's going to be 10 different laws on that and maybe we can look at them systematically measure which ones are working and which ones are not and there's a lot of that kind of examination of the complexity particularly of our regulations that would be more readily accessible any other applications being essential to the burdens of our democracy or something you know yeah I think we definitely go up to high level on point 7 there needs to be a couple of needy greedy what's the problem and I love the 63 of 66 law schools cannot access PACER I mean that's pretty like you know fundamental I don't know I call her away she doesn't survey really compliance with the law by everyone I mean a huge amount of what we do in our law libraries is about compliance it's not about illegal grievance it's can I take my windows how loud can my stereo be you know can I have sex now that we have online chat reference we hear from teenagers all the time with sex questions and that's just wanting to you know wanting to legally okay so compliance by small business individuals professionals and citizens is difficult today because it is so hard to access the law and that's different from point 7 which is an informed citizenry and so we're kind of doing that point twice which is okay basic consent to practice the law basic consent to practice the law and then there needs to be a point issue I think drawing on Larry Lessig's talk about why this isn't actually saying we're going to spend a bunch of money this is actually about saving money for government saving money for small business this is about innovation and spin-offs and I haven't phrased those but I could see a list of three or four points this is going to save government money and it's going to well maybe one of the people or entities that is certified so it sounds like we have one is that this will save government money on operations access to the law and MIS basically because we're going to start doing things more standardized and the second is that the process of creating the law will be able to reuse components from other jurisdictions right yes yes and not only that that will reduce the complexity of our legal system a lot less of what jurisdiction do I happen to be in today you know when the alleged crime occurred where was the bus you know did other costs kind of spin-offs or should I just go through Larry's talk and there's been a couple others that have kind of touched on these topics as well okay well we're at 215 next on the agenda was kind of what's next for law.gov and general discussions and comments we can start with anybody have anything to say about the process in general and where we need to bring it do you want to hear from me as to where we think it's going so there is a Google group which is law-dot-gov law-dot-gov you just go to Google groups and you can pull that up there and that's the official mailing list it's mostly been agenda postings up till now a couple little occasional spats on people discussing things but my hope is that it turns into a more general purpose form and certainly that's where the initial draft of these principles would get posted the hope on this process is kind of twofold on one level is to get these principles kind of put together and circulate it and things like the FAQ put together and get it ready get it dean-worthy if you will I will spend most of July and August going through the transcripts of these workshops and attempting to pull out a semi-coher 50-page report for example on authentication references existing work that's out there and has the footnotes that kind of pulls out Phil Malone and Pam Samuelson and Jamie Boyles and Jennifer Jenkins comments on copyright and its history you know some of the external research that I've done and put this together and kind of report format but as part of that we'll also be publishing a transcript from the ones that we have video and the two scripts for the ones that we don't so that there's kind of a big, thick binder that documents the process that we've gone through and then at that point I think the work just begins because at that point it needs to go up to a higher pay grade and we're beginning to do the politicking in Washington to get folks to take it seriously and as you've seen we already have a letter from the Federal Trade Commission and one from the Senate saying please send us the report but you know just getting the report is just the start we really want to get some congressional hearings to be put together to examine the issues and call in some of the experts on some of these topics certainly would like to get some kind of White House attention but then most importantly are going to be all of these different groups that are out there ranging from the ADA and the AAOL to the Association of Court Reporters and that's going to require a whole bunch of people kind of being willing to talk on the subject and the hope is by doing this as a report that we're in a position where quite a few people feel comfortable to be able to document what has happened and some of the conclusions and particularly have a collection of case studies and examples that can be used to counter the this is impossible kind of thing and so that's where I see it going it's a bit nebulous in a way but then in September we begin to kind of roll this out I'll be speaking at O'Reilly's Government 2.0 summit and then September 9th and 10th and I don't know if the report will be all finished by then but I'll certainly be in a position to give a talk and in that talk I will kind of be able at the very least to put the court principles out there on the table and so that's kind of the beginning of the roll out if you will comments that's Sean making the law, do you know what I mean and how is that going to get folded into sort of these cost analysis in terms of looking at jurisdictions that you think have done this right so the whole rulemaking process is really interesting, Cass Sunstein and OMB and Oira are in the process of trying to think and reform that one there is a bill in the Senate now on rulemaking and Tom Bruce of course was involved in the ADA study on that one and interesting issue because in a way we're on the other end of that on the other hand rulemaking is one of the more difficult processes of particularly in the executive branch it's one of the reasons the Federal Trade Commission was quite interested in this activity I don't know specifically how of these court principles for example apply to you know comment dockets by citizens and citizen participation in the rulemaking process I think that's on the input side to the extent that's the official record that counts as our loss on primary legal materials and should therefore be disseminated but as specifically how that relates I don't know I've had a couple meetings with Oira I don't think their thoughts are well enough developed on where they want to bring the rulemaking reform yet I think they're just beginning to deal with that I think they had too many other issues about you know the substance regulations that they wanted to unwind and haven't yet dealt in depth with the how do we reform the rulemaking process so there's a very very clear tie in the access to justice world between the input process of filling out a form and accessing the courts and the dissemination of legal materials those two have to be a full circle and I think that full circle applies more broadly but I'm not quite sure how and I think we want to focus very specifically on the dissemination of primary legal materials so that we need to acknowledge there's a whole bunch of other issues out there but I think somebody was talking about how this is a core enabling infrastructure issue and then there's going to be a whole bunch of other things on top of that and I think our strategy for success is going to have to be based on the focus of we're here to talk about how you disseminate your materials and that has implications on a whole bunch of other parts of your work process but we are not here necessarily to tell you the executive branch or comment or tell you the court how to reform your filing system yes well I mean it's a very simple example with the form you can write the form and scan the form and submit a TIF file or you can have a PDF document that's been filled in with the actual fields that it lets you then turn it back into XML on the other end so yeah there's clearly some implications there the law making process laws has a dramatic impact on how you then disseminate the record of those laws but I do think the focus of our recommendations should be on the dissemination side because that's the fight I think we can win whereas the reform of some of these bigger issues I think are going to spin for a little while and may have many different solutions whereas we're trying to do a standard here we're trying to say if you make the law you must make it available anything else? are we concluding this process? any final comments? Tom, Phil, anything to say? I conclude this season with a workshop there no thank you very much


Supermolecular chemistry is the domain of chemistry beyond that of molecules that focuses on the chemical systems made up of a discrete number of assembled molecular subunits or components. The forces responsible for the spatial organization may vary from weak intermolecular forces electrostatic or hydrogen bonding to strong covalent bonding provided that the degree of electronic coupling between the molecular component remains small with respect to relevant energy parameters of the component. While traditional chemistry focuses on the covalent bond, supermolecular chemistry examines the weaker and reversible non-covalent interactions between molecules. These forces include hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions and electrostatic effects. Important concepts that have been demonstrated by supermolecular chemistry include molecular self-assembly, folding, molecular recognition, host-guest chemistry, mechanically interlocked molecular architectures, and dynamic covalent chemistry. The study of non-covalent interactions is crucial to understanding many biological processes from cell structure to vision that rely on these forces for structure and function. Supermolecular systems are often the inspiration for supermolecular research. Supermolecules are two molecules and the intermolecular bond. What molecules are two atoms and the covalent bond?


birthday party when you lifted your skirt up in front of a... What are you doing, huh? You always gotta be controlling everything all the time. This is not about him. This is about me. Okay? That's over. Okay?  Admit it. You wish I wasn't here. With that expression in my... Whenever I was exposed to such scenes of anger and disrespect in western movies, I'd have this deep feeling of discomfort to my core. Quickly pulling me out of the watching experience and leading me to a serious thought of how can this child speak to their parent in this way? And then I'd imagine if I were to act in the same way. You know, that would never happen in my family. Nor in any other Arab family for that matter. Why? Because it just wouldn't.  Yet we think about it consciously only when something breaks down within it. For Arabs, this is not an option. Family is all around. Physically, mentally and emotionally, omnipresent, it is the most important realization of belonging we'll ever have throughout our lifetime. As well as that of our children. And then theirs. And so on. But let me be a bit more clear when I say the feeling of belonging to a family. I mean belonging. I belong to this family. I make up a small part of its essential value. Be it from a tribal, social, and religious angle. And it's along these three factors that family is ingrained as a sacred element towards Arab existence. So let me clarify what I mean by family. It's not the nuclear family. Nor the nuclear family inclusive of their nuclear families, but well, well beyond that. It is a multi-layered generational group of people who are your kin, including grandparents and great-uncles, first, second, third cousins, twice, thrice removed. These are the extent of the family I'm referring to. So now imagine how many people that would entail for you. And if you're not Arab, then multiply that total by two to three times at the very least. This number is what I might consider an appropriate size for an Arab family unit. Keep this sizing in mind throughout this video when I refer to an Arab family as you can accurately appreciate the context and position I'm speaking from. Up to the age of 16 and as with all cultures around the world, family takes a primary and powerful role in formulating our moral and value systems. But where Arab families differ is how from a very early age the importance of family is ingrained from both a religious and a tribal perspective. Upon the initiation of their spiritual journey, Arab children are exposed to Muslim teachings where diverse relationships with family are not only a question of respect, tolerance, and kindness, but are more about right and wrong, and even more so about good versus sinful deeds. Statements such as one of the worst sins is being undutiful to one's parents. Being dutiful to parents includes being obedient, kind, and respectful. Or never say anything to your elders in irritation. Rather, always address them respectfully. And finally, don't ever sever your relationship with a member of your family, even if they sever their relationship with you. These are the few of the tenets that Muslim children are taught. You can imagine how such a mode of conditioning impacts a child's psyche, consequently driving their appreciation for family while also regulating their future actions and reactions for years to come. On site, this sounds quite harsh, but when looking at how it creates a structured hierarchy within family, such behavioral conditioning goes a long way in establishing a set of rules towards that sense of belonging. The second factor that contributes to the molding of family's sanctity is tribalism. To understand more about tribalism and its importance to Arabs, you can check out my video in the link above. Tribalism since birth is entrenched in the Arab family life. Now remember, the total figure of your Arab family size when I explain this next point. On a cyclical basis, Arab families gather, meaning a coming together at either a patriarch or matriarch's home from the family elders all the way down to the most recently born. This means that at the very least, once a week, you're exposed to your extended family, male and female. You see each other, you hear each other and become bonded with a sense of belonging to this group. Those who are of the same age befriend each other and establish powerful relationships that are often long-lasting friendships throughout life. When Arabs hit their mid-teens and move into adulthood and as one's individuality matures, their sense of making the necessary sacrifices towards the belonging to the family is challenged. But in Arab society, during this phase of life, Arabs are still vitally dependent on family for a great many things. At times, family operates as a hub of basic services, functioning as an employment agency, insurance company, childcare facility, coaching center and even a welfare system. But the Arab family is also a continuous refuge. To return to at any point in time, both when things are going wonderfully well and when times are difficult. And they will provide, provide you with the necessary support system, be it mental, emotional, physical and at times even financial. To lift you up when you struggle, no Arab that has ever had a rough time could attest to the fact that once amongst family, has their energy and mental state not drastically been uplifted. Arab culture, respect and esteem increase with age. And as elderly, they're appreciated immensely for their life experiences, wisdom and a hierarchic position in the family unit. There's a sense of duty and commitment by the younger generations to make sure that the elders enjoy companionship, relevance and full comfort during these years. By constantly being around their kin, elders attain resolution on their purpose of life and an ever present connectedness towards their family is felt. Emotions guarantee an elder's positive reflection on a life lived, thereby blocking any materialization of destructive regrets. Devotion is to the elderly at this stage in life. It's payback time when the sacrifices of one older generation must now be echoed by the sacrifices of the new. This is why in Arab culture, the concept of an old people's home is unimaginable. The degrees of family in the Arab world are indicated by the terms nuclear family, extended family, house, kin, sub-tribe or lineage, or ashira, which means tribe. And to represent to you my personal reality towards this structure, my parents' usra is 19 people strong. My parents' extended family is over 400 people. Our bait, another 500 people. And our hamoolah, another 1000. And my ashira is at 5000 people strong. Whatever the form for Arabs, it is the family, not society and not even the state at times which provides the primary sense of identity and belonging from first rights and commands obligations. If you know, you know and if you don't, then join the chronicles where we present content about Middle Eastern history, culture and heritage. For Arabs, family is the alpha and omega of society. The beginning and the end. The family rather than the individual is the core of the society and where all fundamental things critical for life are given and taken. It is the coherent and stable unit situated in a network of common interests whose permanence and security must be assured above everything else even if necessary the detriment of individual aspirations and interests. So eventually, it all comes down to one element and that's sacrifice. Sacrificing your individuality and time for the benefit of something larger than you. The question becomes what is worth more in the grander scheme of things? Individuality or family? Humans are social animals and not only are we interdependent on each other emotionally, it is at the extremes of our lives that we are dependent on each other mentally and physically as well. We have a clear need for family. I'm not advocating for a total self-sacrifice of individuality towards family by any means but there has to be a balance where we find the right level of sacrifice between the I and the we and that's a personal journey each of us has to take on our own. Individuality can be a great thing being alone in life is not. The more the family the merrier. Trust me.


So Mary joins us today to talk a little bit about her book, but also why we need to love our board. And let's just, let's start there, Mary. And I want you to just, you know, take it away, stand on your soapbox, do the thing that you do, but I am looking forward to learning from you. Oh, thank you. Well, you know, this question brought up something I had in mind when I was first writing the book and thinking, how are people going to interpret this phrase, love your board? And it really has a dual meaning because there is the, why do we need to love our board? It implies, why do we need to feel, to actively love as an action our board? But the focus of the book, I mean, that's not wrong and that's in there, but the focus of the book is how you feel about the results you're getting from your board, that you just love your board. You know, when execs sometimes meet me, they say, well, I don't need you because I love my board. And I wish I heard that more often, frankly, but it's so important that you as an executive, director, CEO, feel positive about your board, love your board, because what that means is that you're getting what your nonprofit deserves from your board, that your board is meaningfully engaged, that people are working collaboratively together, that you're providing the leadership your nonprofit needs. I could go on and on and on. And when boards are really humming and really collaboratively leading with their executive directors, you're gonna love them, you're gonna love them. And that's why it's important because it means you're getting the results you and your nonprofit deserve. Thank you.


The following tale is titled Stars by DJ Cactus. You can find it at www.scp-wiki.wiki.com forward slash surprise-happy-birthday-9. It's part of the Gears Day story collection. It called the star Agatha for as long as it could be called a star. It appeared as if overnight shining bright in the northern skies. Brilliant. Even against its peers. I remember when we first saw it on the hill outside of the town with Bethany and Richard laying low in the grass and watching this new herald burning brightly in the heavens above us. What little we knew. What little we could have known. In those dying moments of summer when it was just you, me, Agatha, and the infinite dark above. Who could have felt the cold winds of fall fast approaching? What would you believe if I told you how it ended? Would you know how close I am to you? Even now? Then came the report slowly at first, convincing only those who wanted to believe the worst and then a wave that swallowed even the thermoskeptics, not a star, a meteor, a primordial inferno set loose by the chaos of creation to scream across the cosmos until it met its statistically inevitable end. They gave it another name then, the 2022k-14 meteor, but we still called her Agatha. It helped, early on, to give an identity to this catastrophe. It helped some people to meet it with dignity. What I would have done, they would say, were not for Agatha coming to town. Others begged. Some fell prostrate, worshipped her as a god, as an impending force of judgment. They called out to her in fear, in desperation, in sanity, but their pleas echoed off of unhearing ears and Agatha continued forward, compelled by fate to complete her grim work. And it was in those dark hours when all the lights were going out in our shriveling civilization that the greatest minds of our generation discovered the last way out. I was called to duty, as I had been when I was young, and all those years of research that had long since been decried as wasted suddenly found new purpose. The journals I'd saved, the tables, the calculations, the endless arithmetic, all were giving a new life in the dying light of mankind. Agatha, it was determined, was far too large and far too fast for all the weapons of war that humanity had spent so much time perfecting to make any noticeable difference in her trajectory. She could not be destroyed, not with any arsenal built by human hands, but perhaps she could be averted. There's distance between us, my darling, but it is less every day. I want to see you. I want to be near you again. And still, the numbers never really came together. We toiled for weeks on end in the darkest laboratories on the planet for an answer that would never manifest. While the world burned above us and while the last remaining threads holding our human decency together frayed at the ends, we found nothing but frustration at the bottom of our efforts. There simply was not enough time. Any attempt now to divert Agatha's trajectory would not make a meaningful difference. It would have needed to take an action hundreds of years prior, with 60 million miles of buffer. It was a colleague of mine, Desmond Elliott, who made the great discovery. I remember meeting him at an event some years prior, some dull gathering of astrophysicists with more hair on their chins than on their heads. And I remember the knowing smile you gave me when I rolled my eyes at his conjectures. That if space could be manipulated, then so can time. You don't need to push a hole through space time to get to where you're going, just wrap it around itself. The Elliott Thurman retrocausality engine is what they would call his miracle. A device that directed Tachyon's backwards through time to bend its flow sideways and then push against itself with a stable hand on the ship's automated rudder, all you had to do was ease its sideways into the slipstream and you would drop from one loop to the other. Simple. And they didn't mention how many pilots they put into the testing rigs, but none of us really wanted to know. Agatha had consumed us just as it has consumed the sky, and the pilots didn't return. All the better. They would be spared the worst of what was coming. It couldn't be done with just rudder control and allerion. The onboard computer could tell you when the slipstream was formed, but the moment of dropout could not be handled by a machine. The computers were too efficient, too willing to ease into the transition, and they were pulled apart. All of them. And history became filled with dark streaks of flaming debris that were once machine and pilot. A team was assembled, pilots, engineers, physicists. In simulation we could make the transition once every four or five attempts, but we only needed one. The first team to leave did so aboard a vessel called One Last Chance. The objective was really simple. Find Agatha across the vastness of space and then nudge her sideways. The required variance was only millimeters. Extrapolated over enough time and distance, Agatha would pass a hundred million miles from Earth. If our doom could be averted, the moment she was out of range, the project would cease to exist, and the future no such disaster would have ever inspired our efforts. We just had to find the right time. The right place. How long has it been? How many lifetimes have passed since I held you in my arms? One last chance left our planet like a conquering hero, to the cheers and adulation of a desperately hopeful populace. Their course laid in, a team of seasoned veterans at the helm on a one-way trip into infinity ahead of them. You were with me when we watched them rise into the sky, a sky now dominated by Agatha's grim specter and disappear into the night. I remember you squeezing my hand, flashing another smile but softer this time. A smile weathered by grief and tempered in anticipation. Once she was free of our solar system, one last chance turned towards the universe, set light to Elliot's engine and vanished into history. We wouldn't know how long it would take, though theory suppose we would know immediately or rather we wouldn't know, but days turned to weeks and Agatha grew nearer and our Messiah never emerged. It wasn't until a month after that we determined what had happened. One last chance had left the slipstream, 100 years prior and then been immediately obliterated. We're foolish. Even a century prior Agatha had been going too fast. They arrived when they were set to arrive and they were atomized seconds later. We'd started picking up on their distress signal, flung free from the ship during the collision in the late 70s, a signal we didn't know the origin of or what it could possibly mean, but the central computer recognized it now. Today, like all of us, we're just a little too late. Another vessel was built, another team was assembled, we were so close, it's just the math was off. We had to go back further in time, push the engine harder than we had before.  Another attempt was destroyed before they even left the solar system. The engine inverted and they were flung into a dark, cold future. Time after time, we ran and re-ran our calculations, loaded women and men into increasingly sophisticated vessels, pushed them over the edge and one by one, they were late or too far away or annihilated. For a year, we sent vessels into space, praying that this one would be the one. Each time, it ended in disaster. Did you pray for me when you realized I was gone? Anyway, one day, there was nobody left. Mankind had been reduced to quiet, miserable pockets of whimpering animals hiding under grounds. There were no arks to carry us away, no shields under which we could hide. Every scientist, every architect, every possible combination of team available that could pilot our vessel had been exhausted. A day came when I walked into the hangar of our most recent iteration and I was alone. There were no engineers, no scholars, there was me and there was finality. One more ship, needing only a single operator with an engine that could run for a million years or more. By flooding the interior finality with the same tachyons, its pilot could stay as they were, static and unaging for as long as it would take. He begged me to stay. He begged me to go with you underground. Maybe it'll miss us, you said. Maybe it'll only graze us. I wish I could have maintained your optimism, but I couldn't understand. I might never understand. But I know how it ended. I plotted Agathis trajectory myself a thousand times. Without exception, she would descend from the sky and, in an instant, set the atmosphere alight.  It would burn us all. We were the ones who had gone underground. The continents would buckle, the seas would thrash and break the shore. Mountains would slide into the chasms of shattered earth and we would all die. Screaming. Agatha had waited a billion years for this moment and she would not be denied. I left you in the morning before you woke. There were no nights anymore. There was just the sun and Agatha. But her room was dark and you didn't see me go. I loaded the few things I wanted to remind me of you. I took her truck to the launch center. There was no one at the gate to welcome me. No one in the lobby to greet me. No one to perform a pre-flight check. No one to wish me well. No anxious and eager crowds cheering my departure. The facility was dark. I was alone, saved for finality. I made the necessary preparations. Had a fine meal. And then I laid in my course. This time we would not be too late. Did you wake up in time to see? This finality rose on a pillar of fire into the light of the morning. There were no scenic views on my ship. She had none of the artistry of her sisters. None of the curved glass and polished steel of one last chance. Long since having been replaced by bulkheads and more sensors. But I had kept a small porthole just to the right of where my head would rest, from which I could look out into the cosmos.  I thought of you, laying in our bed, expecting me to be there when you awoke. I wondered if you would feel betrayed like I had abandoned you. I wondered if you'd think I was trying to flee if I was leaving you behind. If only you knew. The space for my body within finality was no bigger than a coffin. There was room enough for the slipstream controls, and enough for me to turn sideways if necessary. I was at, I wouldn't age. I would need food or drink. The onboard systems would maintain my life so long as it was required. All I had to do was push the ship over the slipstream, and then wait. My path out of the solar system took three weeks. On the 23rd day I passed by Agatha. Our paths crossed as I was waking, in the dim light of that far edge of our celestial neighborhood I spotted her. Silently following the path set for her. As I watched her pass, I couldn't help but feel a sense of grim familiarity. We were the same, she and I. Both of us set in motion by forces that existed long before we had. Both of us powerless now to escape our destinies. I wondered about her as she pulled out a view. Was she the living thing? Did she dream? Was Agatha afraid of her death as well? Did she have anyone she loved, waiting for her back home? I turned away from the sun, into the dark cold of open space. I'd never been religious, despite my mother's insistence, but in that moment I closed my eyes and I asked for something. I didn't ask for salvation, didn't ask for an end to the pain. This path I walk now was not one that could be avoided, but I did pray for courage, not just for the moment I was in, but for all the moments to come. The engine behind me roared and time and space sang together as we inverted, twisted, and danced. For a moment, we were all at once. Every vessel that had come before me altogether in a single line as they began dropping from the slipstream or were destroyed by it, I looked to my right. Was there a ship that would follow me? Was there anything for us after my mission? For a moment as my hand trembled in the darkness I felt yours in mine. Were you here with me, guiding my actions? The world grew dark as finality crossed the slipstream she tumbled out into nothingness, ejected into a place that was very different than my own. When I came to my senses I surveyed the heavens. I saw no stars, no planets. Nothing whose light had reached me wherever I was. And for a moment I felt panic. What if I was late like all the others before me? I'd come out on the wrong end. If I'd been ejected into the heat death of the universe, Elliot's miracle would end here. But the computer came online reassuringly reminding me that it was not the distant future that we had landed in, but a far more distant past. Out of my tiny porthole I saw it now, streaks of luminous gas, a cosmic miasma, and behind them points of light. We were just in a dense nebula, far away from Earth, with nothing but space and time between me and my home. And despair gripped me. Was I too far away? Had finality come out too far? Would I have enough time to get back? I thought of you in our bed and locked my jaw in determination. I'd have to make up for lost time, but I could get there. I could make this happen. The computer laid in a course for Agatha's projected trajectory, and finality's extra light engines flung us through space. I was alone. For eons. From my coffin in space I saw wonders, my dear. If only you could have seen them too. The birth of stars, of worlds, dreams, nightmares like you could never believe. For years, then decades, then centuries, until any measure of time devised by man was insufficient. How far can the human mind stretch? How long can it persist in the face of endless, inexorable time? I'd close my eyes to dream and lifetimes would pass. I sang once, a song my father used to sing to me before bed, and the song lasted a thousand years. The change of finality happened so gradually. It took me 700 years to notice. The flight computer warned me about trajectory variants and had to compensate. Then I scanned my vessel to find the disturbance. I discovered, to my dismay, that the ship had nearly quintupled in size. Gas in particular from the young universe attracted by the pull of the extra light engines had begun to accumulate across the hull. The scanners were unimpeded, but it would not be long before the extra lights were damaged by the thrust of ionized metal forming around finality. I could only watch in horror as my tiny window to the world became cloudy and then dim and then dark. After another 4,000 years, I was in total blackness. But the extra lights continued on as long as they could. I came to the grim realization that I'd run out of propulsion before I found Agatha if I could even find it in time. I had hoped to rely on extra lights to give me time to find it, but without them, I was just a missile. But there was another way. My scanners did not know where Agatha was, but the computer knew where she would be. While I still had command over finality, I made a course correction to .100 years in the past from where I had come and brought the engines to maximum power. One last chance had not been able to disrupt Agatha's arc, but finality could. I made the calculations myself. We had significant mass now, only increases we hurtled through space. Any angle of attack would be sufficient, so long as we made contact with enough speed. Finality screamed to the sky, extra lights blazing like the sun until the dust and debris caked over the nacelles, and then were suffocated. I dreamed of you in those days. Often, I would slip back into sleep and be in your arms again, laying in our bed, talking about your work or your studies, or what we wanted to watch on TV. Where had the time gone? We talked about starting a family, about getting a dog. You wanted me to move to Vancouver, but I wanted to stay close to our parents. It just felt like we had nothing but time. We couldn't spend it fast enough. While I slept in my cocoon, I thought of you. What we would do together if I was able to save us. What would our lives take us? Carolyn. You told me if it's a girl, Carolyn. And if it's a boy, George. After your father. Sometimes I would dream about the world I left. You died. I mean, I'm sure of that. Agatha struck the earth. She would have turned into a cloud of hot vapor. And the worst of them I see you laying there. As you were when I left you. And the wall of fire engulfed our home. I wonder if you felt any pain in that moment. Or if it was over before you realized that it even happened. Did you curse me? Did you cry out? Did you think of me at all? Did anyone think of me at all? Is there anything left to think about? The stars. We're all just stars. Don't fear my darling. I'm getting close now. I have been in the dark for so long, but I have not given up. My body has changed, but my mind is resolute. I will not abandon my mission, not now. So dark in here. Scanners tell me that finality is tumbling through space. I wonder how large it has gotten. I wonder if it'll be large enough to disrupt Agatha's course. I run the numbers again. Must be. And something strikes the hull, but I barely feel it. Nothing can stop me now. Nothing will stop me from reaching her. I'm so close. I could feel it. Scanners have not found Agatha yet, but I know she's out there. I'm gonna find her. I'm gonna save us. And then, when I've completed my task, I will return to you. And we can be together again. I'm coming home. Would you believe me?  I'll see you all again on Tuesday.


People, we understand that people are really concerned about the health. So for them to get out of the area, there's two things we're doing. There is a folk festival being held this Saturday at Balara. So we are running free bus services for them to go and we are providing vouchers for food and health. So that is one thing. The other thing is a bus service to the respite centre. There will be a free bus service for people to attend and they can book up, book and attend that. So we, in conjunction with the Department of Human Services, we are providing that. So that's what we're doing, or one of the things we're doing at the moment. And now we will have Paul Jane, oh sorry, John Hayes, Instinct Controller for a fire update. Thank you. Good on you. Thanks and good morning everyone. We've given out some maps today which you can take away with you. We're going to be doing daily measurement maps of our progress. The main issue we've got is, we've still got extensive fire on the northern batters and also on the southern batter out towards the Hazelwood Power Station. And in that we're concentrating on the northern batter to minimise the smoke and the ash especially for more. We're doing that a number of ways. We've got fire services and specialists from all across Australia pretty well. From CFA, MFB, the Aviation Fire Services, ACT Fire Services and also Tasmania. Because what we're using as a strategy is to use compressed air foam to suppress the ash and the smoke as best we can from the northern batters. And then after that we secure it with our large aerial appliances which can put water into the coal seam if you like. Our main issue is that a lot of this is weather driven. So we've got a Tuesday afternoon when we had strong northerlies and then the southwesterly change and had the grass fire run out towards Hazelwood Power Station. It takes our focus off the batters and also takes the batters with the wind actually extend. So it's a bit of a frustrating thing for us at the moment where we contain something and then a couple of days later the wind takes it to a direction we don't want to go and we come back to contain it again. We need good weather and we need good resources to put this out. We've been working closely with the mine and the mine have put a reticulated water system on the batters for us and we've got some spray systems working on the northern batter. You'll see hopefully in the next couple of days some of that red and orange on our maps go to green. And as we do that again smoke lessons and also the fire thread. The balancing act for us is we've got the safety of our firefighters with carbon monoxide in the mine itself. So we have two hour rotations with them and also we monitor their health in the mine. Yesterday we had numerous hours out of the mine because the weather conditions we just couldn't operate. So we get behind the eight ball because we can't actually fight the fire. Secondly we make sure we can minimise the smoke from all and into La Trovelle and that's been our main target if you like. And then we've also got some other issues in the mine itself. We're balancing water issues because we're putting a lot of water into the mine and we're not taking a lot of water out and so we actually have to move a lot of water out of the mine in the next few days to give us that balance effect. If you have more water in the mine actually the integrity of the mine and some of the infrastructure in the mine becomes fragile. So that's a balancing act we've got as well. And of course lastly it's about for us is the weather. We've got some strong easterly winds tomorrow which will take the smoke away from all but it will put pressure on the west end of our northern batter. So we're working hard on that today. And then next Tuesday and next Friday is going to be some high wind days. Tuesday is going to be like last Tuesday strong northerly with the south west change and then hot and windy on next Friday which again we know that it's coming and we put strategies in place to fix it. But the main thing is we're trying our hardest to put the fire out as fire services across the nation pretty well working closely with the mine. And I know it's frustrating but it's a big job and if you look at the maps how large it is and we're taking it one piece at a time until we finish. Thank you. Thank you. So I'm Rosemary Lester. I'm the Chief Health Officer. So I'm pleased to announce today that the Health Assessment Centre has been expanded in capacity so there's now additional capacity to see more people. The Health Assessment Centre has been patronised well and people have come in for basic health checks, health information and I think that that's gone very well in terms of the people that I saw there yesterday were happy with how things were going and I think that that has met a need for basic health information and very basic health checks without needing to tie up our other health services such as the GPs and the Community Health Centre. So that's very good news that that capacity has been expanded so that's available as of now. We do remain concerned about the level of smoke in the air. The levels have been very high and continue to be very high so that is still a significant concern to us. It's a concern for people's health and I reiterate the messages that we have been trying to put out that we do know this level can have immediate health effects for people. So particularly for those with chronic heart and lung conditions, the elderly, pregnant women, smokers and young children, they should stay out of the smoke as much as possible, certainly avoid physical activity out in the smoke. Make sure if you're taking medication that you take it exactly as your doctor has prescribed and if you're asthmatic, make sure you're following your personal asthma plan. Remember that this is a community response effort so do take time in the community to check on people who are in those groups that may need some assistance. And of course we are recommending that everyone take a break from the smoke if they can so that the community respite centre in Moe is available for that purpose. I mentioned before we remain very concerned about the high levels of smoke in the air in terms of health. We talked yesterday about the fact that I'm seeking further advice on health effects and if we do need to make a firmer recommendation about health, well we will do that. So I just wanted to reassure the community that the health of the people of Moorwell is my first priority at the moment and we're seeking the best possible advice that we can so that we can give you the best possible messages to protect your health. Thank you. Okay, now we'll have Paul Jones from Ambulance Victoria please. Hi, Paul Jones from Ambulance Victoria. I'm one of the group managers that works within this area for Ambulance Victoria. I just wanted to reassure everyone that our community response within this local area is still being well maintained, that we are also helping to operate the community health assessment centre at our regional office building. And as Rosemary alluded to we have expanded the facility down there overnight so we can certainly cope with the increasing demand down there so waiting times won't be as long. We're also providing support out at the mine site for the firefighters and providing some support in the respite centre. So thank you for that. Thank you. And lastly we have Latrobe Regional Hospital acting CEO Amanda Cameron please. Thank you, my name is Amanda Cameron. I'm the acting CEO of Latrobe Regional Hospital and I'm here to talk to you about the impact that this has had on the hospital to date, that's as of about an hour ago. The impact to our emergency department and to the hospital has been minimal. The presentations that we have received over the last week since the 9th of February when the fire started we've probably got only about five more presentations a day than we would have had over the February period in 2013. And the number of presentations that are related to cardiac and respiratory presentations are actually less than what we've had in the previous February in 2013. We believe that this is because the assessment centre is being well used and because people are presenting there and their anxiety is being allayed there and they're having their assessments there. We've only had five presentations from the assessment centre and they've all been discharged home. We've also seen a number of firefighters in the emergency department and they have also been monitored and then discharged home. Up to this date we've had no admissions into the hospital that are directly related to the fire. Okay, thank you now. Do we have any questions please? The health assessment clinic, so that's been expanded. Can we get some more detail on that? Have any extra staff? Excuse me, Paul. Have you got any information on that? Yes, I've been fortunate enough to be taking down that health assessment centre and at this point we've expanded to six full-time staff in that area plus a manager to help with patient flows but we've certainly got capacity to expand it further if required. Are they paramedics, registered nurses? It's a mixture of both. So we've been supported by the Department of Health, the local regional office, the local regional hospital, sorry, who has sent some registered nurses down to us, as has Latrobe Community Health Service and there's also three paramedics working in there. How many people have presented down there so far? It's in excess of 500 now. We've been in for health checks. This morning we had over 60 come in this morning alone and that's in comparison to yesterday when we had about 40. So certainly the expansion was noted. We've perhaps asked on Dr Lester, there hasn't been an increase in presentations to the EDL or should we see increases at GPs? Yes, some of the GPs are reporting increases in respiratory cases but nothing too significant and nothing that they can't handle. They're reporting that they're still able to meet demand for urgent appointments and it is very reassuring that we're hearing from the hospital that there's no increased demand from ambulance Victoria. So that is reassuring that this, you know, what the severe end of the spectrum might be where we're not seeing that at the moment. So what sort of sentence are people presenting with? Well, I believe they're presenting with the usual respiratory symptoms, shortness of breath, that sort of thing which you would expect. What are the typical wait times at the assessment clinic? I can't answer that. I don't know whether Paul could... Yeah, five to ten minutes. They're moving them through. Dr. Lester, you indicated that you are looking at evidence overseas and waiting to be sent from us. Can you tell us where you're with? Absolutely not. No, look at what I mean. Discussions with a range of people and we'll get some advice back that and we'll get back to the public as soon as we possibly can. Should we expect that in the next week? We'll have further discussions and I'll make any announcements, you know, when I can. And I mean, could that trigger some sort of evacuation or an escalation for the situation? We won't hesitate to escalate our message if we think that is necessary based on the best evidence and the best advice. One of the things here is that we are, as you'll appreciate, dealing with a relatively unique situation with smoke which is burning in a coal mine just adjacent, directly adjacent to the community. So that is a relatively unique situation. So it's not a straightforward situation but if we, if the advice we receive is that we do need to escalate the health message then we won't hesitate to do that. We're two and a half weeks into this fire burning. Should the public be taking extra precautions until you do get that advice back? The advice that I've given up till now is the appropriate advice. So the messages that I've given that everyone should be minimising their exposure to the smoke so minimising time outdoors and taking a break out of the smoking conditions for as much as they can. Why is it taken until two and a half weeks after the fire began for the health department to start seeking advice from elsewhere? We have a very good team of advisers internally. They've been working extremely hard to produce the sort of advice and the sort of backup that we have. As I mentioned, this is a situation that we didn't necessarily expect. Normally we have a fire and that's put out in this situation where this has gone on longer than we expected and we aren't able to... Commissioner Lapsley isn't able to give us the firm data to understandably as to when this will be put out. It was now time to seek further advice to see whether we do need to change our messages. Rose, we're on the CLA website today that says the air quality in all the south is very poor. There's no very poor category, so very poor is the worst. I'm wondering how long that will go on before something more serious like a evacuation has to occur. Well, as I said, we're seeking advice on that, so we'll make any firmer recommendation when we're able to do that. Is there, you say it's a unique situation, in terms of the evidence, is there evidence around people who have gone on to the smoke for a month or so long? There's plenty of evidence around about people's health. People's health are exposed to both short periods and long periods of bushfire smoke. So short periods of bushfire smoke, we have our standard messages that we give out, which is the messages that you've all heard. We do know that people exposed to high levels of air pollution for long periods of time. If you live in a very polluted city, we know that you will have health effects. What is very difficult is the situation where we have now an exposure which has gone on for a couple of weeks, and we don't know how much longer it will go on for. So that's what we're seeking further advice on. How much longer, you know, what is the evidence base in terms of what we're seeing for a two and a half week, two and a half week event. Can I just say last question, please? Last question, thanks. Is this an evidence reason? It's an unusual situation. There's plenty of evidence around about health effects from smoke, as I said, short-term and long-term, but this situation is a relatively unique event. Can I ask one more? There are a lot of doctors in the region that are saying that people should be concerned about the long-term effects. What would you be supposed to say to them and to people that are seeing the advice from them? Well, what I'd say to them is that we do know that there are long-term health effects from long-term exposure. What we're seeking advice on is now that we're getting out of just a week or two weeks. We're now into the third week. How should we consider that in terms of is this a short-term exposure? Are we getting into longer-term territory? We're clearly not in the territory where we're living in a very polluted city. So that is where a lot of the evidence comes from from people who are living permanently in very polluted cities. Okay, thank you very much for coming. As soon as there's any more information we will get back to you. Thank you.


Excuse me, I'm sorry, Kimberly? Kimberly, I don't know if you're scared. All the Black Rangers here are gonna look at it. Which one is the sestive? I don't know. How are you? I'm good. Yo, it's the rain job. I'm gonna go get hot. You can come right on up here and join the panel. Woo!  Yeah. Enjoy. I'll see you guys later. Bye, we're gonna go to the water fire. I know, maybe, huh? We're like, oh. Yeah.  Yes, sir. The rain job, the blaster. Anyway, so John points out. This is good, because my question was actually on your movie, you know, do you have so many for that transit? So.