What is going on everybody? It is Sunday. My gosh We all have stuff to do, but you guys have shown up here today. This is awesome We're gonna have a great time and don't forget if you didn't know about this if you didn't know about this This is pretty cool. Check this out. I'm giving away gift cards gift cards Now I want you to look at these and I want you to put in the comments. Okay, which ones do you want? I'm gonna give them out. Okay. Let's see what we got here. We got a Burger King if you're into Burger King This would be your card. Okay, put the comments. You want you a Burger King now? This is a one card It says all the favorites. Okay, all the favorites. I'm gonna be giving these away You don't have to do anything. You don't have to buy anything Nothing at all. Okay. All you got to do is Show up, which you've already done now. This one here is Olive Garden Longhorn Steakhouse Cheddar's Yard House Bahama Breeze and seasons 22 now when you go to the login page to put this one in it's gonna say Olive Garden Okay, but that link will work for just about any of these. Okay, so do check that one there out there You got that one. This one here is Denny's. Okay, who likes Denny's out there? Put in the comment if you like Denny's This is your card. This is the one you're gonna get right here. I'm gonna give you the code to this card So check it out. Put that card number in there I'm gonna give it to you in a second and put in the comments if that is the card you want Okay, if that's the card you want put it in the comments. This is a targe Okay, targe a card right here. I'm gonna be giving that one away and there's another targe a card right here These are not cheap guys. This this one here is 15 to $500 The other one I just showed you which is Denny's is 25 to $100 So the worst you can do is 25 bucks, man. That's pretty darn good deal. It's worse. You could do is 25 bucks What's this one here? This is like a grocery store one right here. This has got Barnes, Albertson Safeway Hagen looks like at me Randall's Julasco, Pavilion, Shaw's, Star, Kars, Tom, Thumb, Lucky, and Andronikos. Andronikos. Okay, so that's another one. I'm gonna be giving away right there Now this one here is Dairy Queen. This is 15 to $250 guys. The worst you can do is 15 bucks That's the worst you can do if you grab that card right there. This is Starbucks Starbucks. Anybody heard of Starbucks? This is 15 to $500. So think about it for 15 bucks. You could get a cup of coffee So anyhow, there's a 15 to 500 buck one right there and this here is Happy Holidays Now this one here is Macy's Ulta Beauty Lowe's Chili's Red Lobster Game Stop and PF Chang's. Now when you go to the page to put it in, it's just gonna say Happy Holidays, but there's the card right there Somebody's asking for Olive Garden, a lifelong learning education. Hey, and guys, we're gonna support each other in this meeting today So I want everybody on the call and this this may not just be everybody right now because this is gonna be playing later on I want you to go to Lifelong Learning Education and subscribe to that channel. That channel is supporting us and these Teachings, so you need to support that channel. That's Lifelong Learning Education. Go there subscribe to that channel Listen to what that person has to say. Okay, we're all out here trying to work make a living This here is a Target or Target gift card right here. This one here is 15 to $500 15 to 500 now in the meantime while I'm showing you all these cards guys I want you to put your comments in there your questions What do you want to know about building your business online? If you don't know me? I've been doing this for Geez, I started 2009. I've sold millions of dollars of products online. So what I teach you in these Q&A's Buddy, you can take it to the bank. It works. It works. Okay. You just got to put in the effort You got me another target card here 15 to $500. Okay. Oh, great.  I want you to blow up that channel I want you to subscribe to it. Okay, and Lifelong Learning if you've got questions about growing your channel This one was just monetized. We've grown this one during the pandemic. I really didn't work on it I would say until February I've had the channel for years didn't do anything But in that length of time we have ten times our number of subscribers Views and monetize the channel. So if you've got questions about that lifelong learning put that in there Okay, Jenny put your questions in there, too. I see you there. Some people are sending me PMs Which is cool. I would prefer you put it in the chat section there But if you want to private you can also PM me. That's okay, too Now I'm good. There's a link you see the link on the screen there It says gift card links and this is bit.ly Ford slash gift card J.R. When you go to that particular Link there you're going to get and let me pull it up here this screen Here, this is what you're gonna see. Let me downsize me for a second here So I can show it to you All right, there we go. Oops. I'm moving me around, but I'm not downsizing me Let me downsize there we go Now we're cooking with gas All right. All right. Okay. Okay, so when you go to that link guys You're gonna end up on a page that looks just like this right here. This is how you're going to get The links to use all these gift cards here. Okay, that's how you're gonna do it You're gonna put your name and email in there I just do that to stop spam and then once you do that okay once you do that guys You are going to go to this page right here now on this page right here What you want to do is you want to look and I said I need to downsize myself Just a touch here just a touch just a touch so you guys can see this right here I'm just gonna downsize me to right there But once you get to that page you're gonna see this page right here and you just scroll through and click on The link below this to enter your gift card. That's all you got to do Okay, it's really that simple and then you can go ahead and get one of these gift cards Don't forget to put in that that Area there says when I create my channel and guys start posting questions in here Let me get myself back up on the screen. This is gonna be a fun session guys. Look, I mean I'm not bragging I'm not bragging at all, but I'm just telling you I've made millions of dollars online and I'm sharing this stuff with you guys for free I'm not selling you anything at all. I'm giving you money today Okay, we try to tell you something. Okay, and then I'm gonna answer your questions. I do charge for my training Okay, I don't have any openings right now. So I figure I just go on here and go live I have no private coaching sessions available But I can I can do this for free, right? I can help you guys out. That's cool Okay, so don't forget this link right here bit. I know what gift card I'm getting ready to give out some of these gift cards right here But let me answer a couple questions first Okay, first question says when I create my channel it asks the video Location should I write my location or a location? I talk about in my video by all means put your location You know all that means is where the video was actually In my desk is shaking here. I got to fix that that location all that means is where your video was recorded now If you were say a travel blogger and you want people to think you're in Italy I mean, I guess you could put Italy in there.  I didn't do this in the beginning I didn't do this so right now. I'm gonna do it guys go down there If you haven't subscribed to this channel, you're gonna see a red subscribe button It'll be red click on it and it will turn gray when it turns gray There's gonna be a bell that's gonna pop up You want to ring the bell turn on all notifications that way once you subscribe? I can let you know when I've done a new video. Okay, I can let you know when I've done a new video That's important. I got more questions in here. Mr. Richard Senta. Hey, you don't buddy That's my food eating buddy there and cooking buddy are our PDFs either free or nominal priced reports Still profitable promote 100% Richard I mean probably hundreds of those go out a day from a couple of my different sites my wife sites PDFs are awesome Because what those are and what he's talking about is this is a way of building your list Okay, so you may have like the ten steps to lose seven pounds in two weeks or you may have you know Twenty ways to organize your house. They won't cost you a dime these things people love and what these are called is They're called lead magnets. What that does is that gets people to opt in to whatever you have to offer? So that you can put them on the list and you can market to those people. That's all that is Okay, that's all that essentially is but those are excellent Richard. It's a great idea. You definitely ought to do it A couple more questions. I'm getting your people are PMing me if you could put that in the chat I would love it now guys if you want to support this channel this channel is now monetized You don't have to support it with a penny if you don't want But if you want to put in a dollar or five dollars ten dollars You're gonna see a little gray dollar sign down there by your chat All you got to do is click that dollar sign there your comment will be highlighted It will be pinned to the top we have stickers in there. There's all kinds. This is a YouTube thing Okay, and what that does is it helps support this channel so I can keep doing free training for you guys because that's the goal Is to do the free training for you? So that little dollar sign down there. You'll see it Richard says I guess PDFs being open And read as much as videos, you know, I don't I don't know if there's a comparison report Between you know PDFs and videos. They're all good. I mean anything's good You know, that's that's the funny thing You know a lot of times people will say well, I'm not getting much off this I'm not getting a whole lot, you know only three people viewed my video or only, you know six people even opted in Guys, that's where you start.  It's six more opt-ins It's not you don't wake up one day and get a thousand people to watch your video It doesn't work that way, you know, I've got videos on here They got hardly no views and I've got videos on here. They've got 50 60 thousand views I don't know which one's gonna do. What I do know this though every video I do every opt-in I do I get more people and if I keep doing that if I keep putting in the effort every day I mean, I did one of these lives yesterday and we didn't have a whole lot of people on there But I tell you what it's building now and I made money and I made money because we're monetized So every time I get views, we've got ads going out now And if you want to get monetized put that in the question there, too When is the best time and day to post a video now? That's a great question That's a super great question and actually in your analytics of your channel There is a section in there where you can click audience and then scroll down and it will tell you when your subscribers are online Crazy right now. I did that today and I was like I'm gonna do the video when everybody's online So I went and looked and I said Sunday Okay Sunday when are all my subscribers gonna be online and guess what it said it didn't say 4 p.m. Pacific time Which is the time I did that it said? 5 a.m. And guess what I said. No No, I'm not doing a 5 a.m. Video not doing it So I just decided to do it was convenient for me But as far as posting them you can actually schedule those okay I put them up as premiers and then they get scheduled so I scheduled my videos out two weeks in advance So like if something happens and I got a travel I have an emergency or something like that for two weeks in advance I have videos set and I can tell you right now. I have videos recorded for the next I think month and a half Every single day of the week. So that's you know and what I did this week I think I've recorded 13 videos that that covered me for more than two weeks because I do a video every single day During the week money through Friday, and then I do a live at the end of the week. So that's good We're getting a lot of questions here. This is great.  All right So now you gotta understand like if you go to Target and you go to their website when I give you this card This one's gonna be 15 to $500. Let me get it up there see it 15 to $500 when you get there guys You're going to need to set up You know an account with Target. You can't just enter it online So you know a target accounts free to set up your account, and then you can put this in your account And you can actually spend it. Okay Just Roblox acoustic says I want target and by the way, that's another person that's participating So I want to reward them everybody that's listening to this video I want you to go to just Roblox accused acoustic, and I want you to subscribe to their channel And you know what just Roblox put in put in the chat section what you do Because if you put in that chat section what you do some people may be very interested and you're gonna start growing your channel And it really starts it starts with one person guys You know I have thousands of subscribers now, and I worked really hard at it But you know I was I was a about for a month ago two months ago I don't remember I was in Key West Florida, and I was talking to a shop owner and that shop owner said Something and I said something about me doing YouTube videos, and he's like oh tell me about your channel And I'll look it up later, and I'll maybe subscribe I said better yet pull out your phone, and my wife is starting to roll her eyes, right?  Let's go to my channel right now Let me show you how to subscribe to it and guess what I got one subscriber. I got one Okay, so when you're doing this guys don't think of you know in the future Maybe I get something out of this or I need a thousand subscribers I'm thinking right now if I can get one subscriber one person. That's gonna make my day one person is gonna make my day guys So think of it that way and get it then Let me look at a couple more of these questions here Lifelong learning education should I be making my new videos as premier? You know that's up to you I am and let me tell you what the advantage of premiere is if you are around when your video premieres Okay, you can actually go in and chat with the people as that video goes live If you just schedule it and it goes up you can't do that So what it does is while that video is live in other words Let's say it's a 15 minute video that during that 15 minutes You could actually go in there and chat with people as that video is playing. That's a pretty cool thing I don't always get a chance to do that because I'm really really busy However, I do these lives like this to help you guys out. All right target target somebody somebody just really says I want target I want target quit talking. Okay, so let me get your target here I need to get something to scrape this with here. What what what what what better stuff to scrape it with? Okay, so what I'm gonna do guys is I'm going to I guess use my fingernail for this and I'm trying to get this tab off now Oh, here we go. Here we go. Okay. I'm scraping it off right now and you guys are gonna see it Okay, there's gonna be a number and there's gonna be access number get your pens and pencils ready Okay, and I'm gonna try to read it off to you, too If you can't see it on the screen, but this is the card that I'm scratching right now Right now All right, it looks like there's a little piece of tape over here. I could probably take off to See here if that works Getting it I'm getting it Okay, I think you can see it pretty good though. Okay, so here we go. I'm gonna hold it up to the screen I'm telling you you need to get you need to get to that page I gave you which is the what's that page right there? BIT.ly forward slash gift card JR and you need to go there And then you need to click and get to the next page so that you can put in this number that I'm getting ready Now this is from 15 to 500 dollars who wants it who wants it 15 to 500 dollars. I know you do okay, so I'm gonna hold it up here and Make sure you can see that Okay, there we go see that number right there Put that number in and I'm gonna read it to you, too But those of you who are industrious will get that first and you're gonna get that gift card 15 to 500 dollars Useful for the holidays guys really useful for the holidays here. It is You see it, okay now. I'm gonna read it off to you, too for those of you who couldn't see that. Oh Man, I hope I can see it. Okay. The card number is 041 222 098 0 0 0 6 7 3 now you're gonna need an access number. Okay. I'm gonna give you the access number right now Access number 8 4 2 4 2 0 6 4 that's 8 4 2 4 2 0 6 4 That's the access number for your target card 15 to 500 dollars. Okay. Once again, you see it The blur there goes you see that number right there right that number dad You've got a card number and then you've got an access number and if you put those two in at your target account You're gonna get 15 to 500 dollars right now Okay, Justin.  I want you to post to the comments I got it that way. Nobody else is trying to do it. Oh, let me get that thing and Justin And let me read it off to you one more time. Okay the card number zero four one two two two Excuse me zero four one two two two zero nine eight zero zero zero six seven three That's the card number the access number Access number yeah, hey Rob more. What's going on Rob more junior? I like that. You got a JR there. That's very cool And that access numbers eight four two four two zero six four eight four two four two zero six four now I think Rob just jumped in. I don't know if you were here before or not Rob But here's what we do guys we support people who are in the chat So what I want you to do is I want you to go to Rob more junior or Rob more JR. Okay. Oh, wait JR That's probably me. That's probably my name pop it up. No, it's not it's junior Okay, I'll get this right go to his channel and subscribe go to Rob more junior and subscribe to that man Okay, I don't know what his channels about I'm sure it's cool because he's in my audience And I only have cool people in the audience so I know it's a cool channel So go to that channel subscribe to Rob more now I want you to put your Questions guys and I still have people PM and me and I don't mind that But if you could put those questions in the live chat there, I would greatly appreciate it Remember we do have that little dollar sign thing there if you want to donate to the channel a dollar or five dollars whatever It's helpful. It keeps the channel alive. It keeps me in business So, you know, that would be nice to you don't have to do it You can just get the free stuff But if you want to do that, you also get a pinned comment and your comments going to stay up there longer So I want to answer some of your questions here And I've got a question to somebody PM me and they said How do I get started? Whoo? How do I get started? How do I get started?  That's where you start Now, you know a bid facetious right now, but buddy, that's you just go get going find something you're interested in Here's the thing we sit around and we wait for a creative idea to pop in our heads And it just doesn't seem to do it. So here's what I suggest you do Start learning different things and all sudden questions are going to pop in your head And then you'll go investigate because I know when I started I just watched people selling stuff online and I said, well, I'm gonna try to sell something. I started selling cell phone cases of all things And I gotta tell you I didn't do well. I lost money. Okay, I ended up with hundreds of cell phone cases I couldn't sell but it still did me well because what happened is from that from that experience I learned how to put up products on eBay and this is 2009 Okay, and I learned how to send emails and I learned how to ship things out and I learned how to set up accounts Then I learned enough to go into my next market, which was camping gear Okay, and then I did camping gear and then I got approached by a company that had survival food And I started selling their stuff and then they couldn't ship and then I came up with my own brand And that turned into millions of dollars in sales. So where did I start? I started at cell phone cases It doesn't matter where you start and if you're worried that you may make some mistakes. You will You will you're gonna make mistakes, but it's okay if you make mistakes I don't know where we got as you know adults thinking that we could go through life and not make a mistake You're gonna make mistakes.  Yeah, I do But I still make mistakes. I still have ads that don't work I still have sales pages that don't work I try stuff every day and I have enough good things they keep it going but guys That's just the way it is Let me jump into some of these comments here. It says if you read the number out I'm guessing only the quickest one to enter will get it. Yes, this is true Richard This is very true But don't assume somebody else got it until somebody posted in here. They got it. Nobody has posted They got it if somebody got it already. Okay on that card post in here. You got it I'm getting ready to do another one too. And here's what I want you to look at guys what we've got left here I've got quite a few I've got once again. I've got a target That is 15 to $500. Okay, I got that one. I got happy holidays Which has all these stores on see it Macy's Ulta Lowe's Chili's Red Lobster GameStop P. F. Chang's this one is 2,500 I mean the worst you can do is 20 bucks guys What's this one here? This one here is Starbucks and that is 15 to $500. Okay Now keep in mind. You have to set up a Starbucks account for this to work You can't just put it in the thin air the Starbucks account is free the link on the page there once you go to BIT.LWY.Ford such gift card you put in your information. It's going to take you to a page. You'll find the Starbucks page Okay, not a problem This one here 15 to $250 DQ you could eat a lot of ice cream for 250 bucks. Okay, right there. Okay Just Roblox and Q6 says please don't get it. Lol Roberto Blake or Robert Blake. Okay says Amazon. I don't have an Amazon today, man. I am so sorry I don't have an Amazon today. I do have this one for all the grocery stores Oh every grocery store in the world. Look at that. Look at all those grocery stores there, right? This one here is five to $250. I don't have a Walmart my friend. I gotta get it. Gotta get its target I do have another target. I got a Denny's got a Denny's you like Denny's This is 25 to $100 at Denny's. Okay, there you go What else I got? I got another Darden.com Darden restaurants now It's any of these restaurants when you go to the page you want to click the link that says Olive Garden But you could go to any of these pages right here and enter in this gift card. There it is Longhorn Ranch Cheddar's Yard House Bahama There's a Bahama something Bahama Mama. No, what is that Bahama breeze and then the other one Is seasons 72 or 22 something. I've been there. I couldn't tell you what it is Don't have an iTunes What I buy the wrong cards. Okay, I got me a Burger King got me a Burger King and it's 15 to 100 dollars 15 to 100 dollars. Okay, so you can get that one there. All right So hit me with some more questions. You trying to grow, you know, we're not gift cards are cool But this is pennies This is pennies compared to what you can make if you grow your business online. This is nothing This is nothing and these are nice and I want to give them to you But I'm doing it to encourage you to bribe you if it is right to actually Listen to what I'm telling you so you can make some money Apple cards I do have but I ran out of those yesterday Just roblox acoustic and don't forget guys. These are all paid for these are all you know gift cards I went to the store and I paid for all these gift cards. Okay. These are all this is real thing the real deal I'm live. Okay. This is a god. I gotta know the date. This is November 15th, 2020 Oh my god, we've almost made it through 2020.  I'm not saying don't do that. But man, you know, it was funny I did an interview yesterday with John or was it Friday Friday with John Cristani a good friend of mine And we were talking about hell Everybody's got this doom and gloom attitude.  Just pretend to think positive. That'll get you started in the right direction Just really she's be right back. Okay. We'll wait for you wait No, we better not do that. We better we better continue on. All right. So hit me with some more questions Do you have a channel? Okay. Have you started a business online? Are you trying to find products to sell online? Are you trying to find ways to market your products online? Are you trying to do social media? I tell you these Primer questions because I've done these things. I've done them. And if you want to know how to do them All you can do is ask me. This is free right now when I do consulting. It's $2,000 an hour Two grand an hour guys and you you guys got me for free right now Just free. Okay, so if this is free, I would take advantage of it if I were you, okay? So ask me whatever your questions you want. The gift cards are nice It's kind of a distraction The real reason I'm here is to help you guys out with building your online business If I can show you how you can quit your boss, which I did I didn't like my boss I don't like it. Okay, I was able to quit my boss If you want to do that and you want to earn millions, which you can ask a question Okay, there we go. We're getting some questions in here now lifelong learning education. Don't forget subscribe to lifelong learning education Subscribe to Robert Blake in here guys. Click on their name subscribe to him subscribe to Jess roblox Acoustic these people are all working. They're participating. They're asking questions and if they're doing that They're heading in the right direction guys. Anyway, he says is it good or bad to mention my patreon page or my videos? Does it seem sleazy or best practice? Okay? Here's the deal and I'll mention right now There's a little dollar sign down there Any of you guys can click that and you can donate a dollar to this channel or five dollars or ten dollars And I don't mind mentioning that because I'm gonna be honest with you I am in business to make money now I am not going to spend 30 minutes or an hour with you guys just talking about you need to buy for me You need to buy for me. You need to buy because you don't okay My main purpose here is to teach you guys how to make money online. That's what I do I teach Facebook ads. I teach dropshipping. I have a multi-million dollar business We do survival food and yeah, you can guess it. It's doing well right now And I'll put that in the comments here if you want to look up Just Google this guys and you're gonna get probably about 23 million hits This is one of my main companies and I put it in the comments there Okay, so go ahead and Google that you see what happens, but you probably get 23 million hits I have thousands of retailers and sell my products. I make millions of dollars online But the point is every now and then I'll say hey buy something from him So if you want to mention your patreon, yeah, do it. Just don't do it, you know constantly You know like I mentioned a couple things you could do you could click that dollar sign there You know, you could check out my survival case I'll mention it, but I don't push it down anybody's throat because I mean it ain't for everybody, right? So my main goal when I do one of these videos And I do a lot of them is to educate and if I educate enough people, you know Some of the people of the thousands and hundreds of thousands and millions of people that see my stuff They're gonna go.  I like the information I want to get more of it and I'll give him 50 bucks. I'll give him a hundred. I'll give him a thousand I'll give him 50,000. I had somebody give me $60,000 to consult with their credit card company It was a credit card company. They needed some help marketing. They gave me 60 63,000 and some change to do some consulting for me. I didn't have to do that much work Which was very cool to me because you know 11 years ago people wouldn't even ask me how to send the email because I did not do it, you know And now they'll pay me to market, you know, a major credit card company Go figure, you know, and they were there a credit card processing company. Um, so Guys the point is, you know, you want to educate but every now and then you got to sell your stuff Okay, if you opt in to get some of these cards here I'll probably send you an email and say I got some stuff if you want to buy it You don't have to. I'll keep giving you free stuff. I'll keep turning out five videos a week I'll keep doing coaching calls for you guys Even if you don't buy anything from me, you can watch my free stuff and I've had people do this I've had people say, you know, I've watched your stuff for about five years J.R. And I just bought your course today Hallelujah You know, you know, five years it took me to get them to buy that course But it doesn't matter because there's enough people doing it and it's not sleazy to make a living That's no more sleazy than it is to, you know, go to your job every day and earn a living there You know, I used to work in sales and I manage sales people And they would say, well, gosh, I don't want them to think I'm trying to sell them something I'm like, whoa, you're a sales person I think they already know that they get that you're trying to sell them some that's your job And if you're not you're not a very good employee. Okay, so that's okay Let's see here. Let me see I got a message here Do I need to have a thousand subscribers before I can use the cards? Feature on my channel. You know what? I don't know. I don't know. I don't think so. No, I don't think so You can probably use cards. That's not a problem.  You know, if you click on let's say monetization If you go into your YouTube studio and you get a monetization You're going to come to a page and it's going to tell you how many subscribers you have and how many watch hours you have And if you're not eligible, there's gonna be this like neater that's going over and it's going to show you how far you have to go So it's really that easy Somebody else got me and you guys got great questions. I really appreciate these questions guys Is it better to put a playlist or just one specific video in the end screen window? I I'm not going to say one is better than the other but here's what I'll tell you YouTube likes to people likes for people to stay on the platform if you put videos in a playlist now guys What a playlist is is after you put a video online you can actually add it to a playlist Now here's something that playlist will help you do It's going to help you retain Viewers so yeah, if you put a playlist there at the end of a video They may watch more than one video You're actually getting a shot at you know having to watch more videos Okay, so you can certainly do that but let me tell you what else a playlist does which a lot of people don't realize What they'll do is they'll do a video and they'll put it in a playlist and then that's the end of it And that's wrong and here's why it's wrong because let's say I do a video on SEO on WordPress website, okay, and I have a playlist that's WordPress So I do the video on SEO WordPress website and I put it in my WordPress list Okay, my my actual playlist that's good and that's going to give me two URLs for that video which increases my SEO But what if I created another playlist that had to do with SEO and I put it in the WordPress playlist and I put it in the SEO playlist Yes, you can do that. You can take your videos and put them in multiple playlists So what that does is that gives you another URL? So now you've got three URLs for one video Pretty smart. So you learned that today, didn't you? So now think about this when you do a video I would add it to three four five different playlists and keep creating new playlists This is going to give you more and more and more URLs and more opportunity to make money So that's an excellent question. I really appreciate you asking that question. That was really good Can I use target card in my order? I'm not quite sure what that means. I mean that the target card works So guys, here's the target card again if somebody didn't get it I want to hold it up again. So everybody can see it. There's the target card All right, so you can see it now. It has cleared up. I see and it looks like zero four one two two two What's the rest here? Zero four one two two two zero nine eight zero zero zero six seven three That is the card number and then right there is the access code see that it's eight four two four two zero six four Okay, so that's the target one right there and I think it's time to do another card. Don't you don't you? I know you do. I know you do. What do we got? What do we got? What do we got? How about? We already did anybody all right you want you guys put in the put in the comments Do you want the Denny's card or do you want the Burger King card? Which one do you want? Tell me which one you want Burger King Denny's and this is really easy because there's only one site to go to Burger King or Denny's Which one do you want Burger King or Denny's tell me which card you want? We're having a blast here guys and look check this out. Check this out. Look at this Look at this give it away all these cards already. Okay, if you weren't here, you missed it I give where all these cards are ready. Okay Denny's Burger King tell me what you want in the comments Let's see. So someone got it JR. Okay. I see I got you Nobody's got either one of these because these are brand new No, not used but I cannot use it. Oh, I see what you're saying All right, so somebody I get two votes for Denny's Denny's is going to go real quick if nobody votes Burger King Which isn't which is it guys? Who's going here? Denny's is 25 to 100 and Burger King is 15 to 100 Yeah, I've got Denny's Denny's put your comments in there. I'm getting ready. It's going to be Denny's in Just a second Denny's is going to win the election. Do you want Denny's to win the election? It's entirely up to you This is not rigged. Okay Some of you say in the elections rigged. It's not rigged. Okay, you guys are putting the comments in there If somebody wants Mr. Burger King to win you got to vote for Mr. Burger King. Okay, you got to put him in there Who's gonna do it? Who's gonna do it? Looks like Denny's Denny's is pulling in the lead. It looks like the electoral Chat is saying Denny's right now. Okay, it's not been verified yet Let's say it's not been verified yet. I think I got the target one Hey, Richard got the target one great Denny's again. So it's gonna be Denny's Denny's is the card that's going up now because Denny's just won the election There is no Supreme Court involved in this one. Okay, it is just y'all's votes So I'm gonna pull the card out. You can see here. It has not been opened. I'm gonna pull this card out here All right, look at there. Look at there. There it is. I know you guys are excited I'm excited to now the first thing I'm gonna do and you want to jot this down don't forget go to c.ly 4 slash gift card jr and Enter in your information, but I'm gonna give you the card number first then I'm gonna give you the pin number All right, so get the card number the card number six zero zero six four nine six seven one three two one zero seven five eight eight six eight one more time six zero zero six four nine six seven one three two one Zero seven five eight eight six eight Does everybody see that put in the comments if you saw that put it in the comments So I know you saw that now you could actually use this number today You could buy dinner tonight with this gift card. I'm peeling off the pin number now Right now. Oh, I see a pin number It starts with a seven if you want to get an early start guys it starts with a seven And I will tell you the pin number itself only has four digits It only has four digits the pin number has four digits and it starts with the seven and The next numbers of four now. I'm gonna hold it up. Oh wait I'm gonna right. There's four numbers on the pin. You see okay No, you see okay There's four numbers of the pin and it's seven four one and there's one more number Seven four one Robert Blake says he's got it. Okay, Justin's laughing at me. Just rule blocks is laughing at me All right, so seven four one is the pin number plus this other number right here quick quick go to the site get it get it get it get it Seven four one eight. Look at that check it out. There it is. Oh, let me I don't want to cover up the rest of this There it is. There's the pin number you can have dinner on me tonight When you get it post in the comment that you got it, okay?  All right, so it's six zero zero six four nine six seven one three two one zero seven five eight eight six eight pin number seven four one eight pin number seven four one eight Now I've got a question for you. I want you to thank forward because we're gonna be ending here in a second But this is really important stuff. This is the stuff. I'm gonna give you right now. That's gonna make you successful Did you have fun here if you put if you had some fun? I want you to go ahead and put it in there.  Okay, put fun. Yes, whatever you want any other way you want to put fun Then ask yourself What if You were to be really super successful online you make a few million bucks You start a YouTube channel and you're able to just give away gift cards to people and help them out How fun would that be on a Sunday evening? How fun that would that be for you put put in there that that would be fun or not fun You'd like to do that you wouldn't like to do them because here's the truth you can Okay, when I started in 2009 I had zero subscribers. I had zero customers Okay, I had no product to sell. I had nothing nothing everything I have is because I started guys And I Yeah, I don't know how to get through people's heads This is if I can overcome this one obstacle with people when they're starting a business online to convince them that they can do it because so Many people say well jr. Special no jr. Wasn't special jr. Didn't know how to type jr. Didn't have products jr Didn't know what he was doing jr. Lost money. Okay, and I want you to know I'm just like you and jr was not some young kid. I started my business when I was 50 Okay, I mean I was in a job that I hated. Okay, it's not too late.   This is one of the most equal playing fields in the world is the internet guys You can do this and the more unusual you are if you're an unusual person you have an advantage over me One of the people I got to meet with Sean Stevenson and Sean Stevenson had brittle bone disease He was in a wheelchair. He weighed about 40 pounds And I met him after one of his talks and I told him how phenomenal he was he was a motivational speaker of all things He couldn't use his arms or legs. He was confined to a wheelchair and he passed away a couple years ago But he says I have an advantage over you when I speak on stage I said, you have an advantage over me. Well, he couldn't walk. He had to roll around. I said, what's your advantage? He goes, ah, they remember me I was like, yeah, you're right because you're different. So guys if you're a little bit different Maybe you look funny. Maybe your hair isn't parted, right?  You're too thin whatever all those things are advantages to help you stand out You know, I'm a pretty average-looking person So I kind of blend in but man, if you're different If you're different it matters somebody is asking What is one of your best tips for Facebook ads? Wow If I had to give you a good tip and I have a course called Facebook ads University You can Google it's called Facebook ads University. It's probably in the description here But I've done a lot a lot of Facebook ads my wife has to I think the biggest thing I would tell you is to test images. So before you actually run an ad For selling your product you want to take 10 different images all with the same text and spend $5 a day and run them to foreign countries run them to India Pakistan Philippines and and run an ad for engagement and what that means is who clicks on it in those countries They'll click on it and what you'll find is that some of those and you can get clicks for less than a penny I mean, it's like a tenth of a penny in these countries So, you know $5 goes a long ways and what you'll find is out of that 10 images Two or three of them will get thousands and thousands of clicks and some of them only get hundreds and you'll know Which images are going to be better for your actual ad? Best piece of advice I can give you best piece of advice I can give you instead of spending all this money on these ads first Run images to an engagement campaign have people click on them and figure out which images get more clicks I hope that answers your question. I hope that does And Richard. Yes, it is fun, and I'm glad you had a blast if you and you rest you guys had fun here Let me know because I gave away look at this all this gave away all this stuff, right?  That's the important thing. Okay, and do me a favor Don't forget to subscribe. There is a subscribe button down there and ring the bell. I can't say what's on the bell But this is how I feel. Okay, ring the bell. You got to ring the bell when you ring the bell And turn on all notifications. I could let you know when I go live what I'm doing new videos It's a cool thing. Let's see here. I give to my family the target and they said it worked awesome Okay, so just Roblox just got the target card. That's super cool Now guys, I'm getting ready to go out and have dinner with some friends local friends here Matter of fact, the guy's been my friend Since oh, I don't even say how many years in 30 some odd years been my friend And we still got to dinner great guy, so I'm gonna go out to dinner with him and believe it or not He's an ex attorney and he's still a great guy So we're gonna go out to dinner and I really appreciate you guys being here I really do man your support means so so much if you're watching this video, and it's no longer live I still answer your questions. There's gonna be a comment section down there. You can put questions in that comment section I'll be happy to answer any of your questions. I love helping you guys out I love seeing you be successful. Robert Blake says fun. Thanks already subscribed gotta go. Thanks Thank you so much for being here Robert and your subscription means as much to me as any of the thousands I've got I swear to God. It really means a lot to me Can I get the Starbucks? I really need some coffee Well, I don't have time but on the next one. I'm gonna do it. I'll be here again next weekend guys We'll do this game. We had a blast I really appreciate you being here and I will see you next time check me out online


hello and welcome to the session in which we will discuss data quality. So what is quality? Quality is how good something is and how good is the data. Now why is data quality important? Well because high quality data is critical, is essential for making informed decision because we're analyzing data trends and patterns and ensuring that the data driven outcome are accurate and trustworthy. So if the data is no good, your outcome, your business decision is useless. So that's why the quality of the data is important. And what does quality refer to specifically? It's the overall value and usefulness of the data and it can be evaluated through three dimension, three dimensions. We're going to look at the data intrinsic quality and we're going to explain what does that mean. We're going to look at the data contextual quality and we're going to look at the security accessibility quality of the data. So once we explain those three concepts as they relate to data quality, we will have an overview of what data quality would look like. Before we proceed any further, I have a public announcement about my company farhatlectures.com. Farhat Accounting Lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses. My CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles. My accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics. My resources consist of lectures, multiple choice questions, true-false questions, as well as exercises. Go ahead, start your free trial today. No obligation, no credit card required. Starting with intrinsic value or intrinsic data quality. What is that? It's a measure of the inherent accuracy, completeness, consistency, and relevance of the data. For the data to have intrinsic value, it has to have those four components starting with accuracy and we should all know what accuracy is. Well, does the data that we are using accurately reflect the real-world phenomenon it represents? So is it reflecting what it's supposed to reflect? For example, if a database contains customer information, the customer name, address, and phone number should be accurate and up-to-date. Is it accurate? That's the first thing. Two, completeness, the degree to which the data contains all the information that's necessary for whatever we are using it for that specific case use. For example, going back to the customer data, well, the customer's record should contain all required fields such as name, address, phone number, and email. Let's assume we're analyzing addresses and we don't have all the addresses. The field is missing. The data is considered incomplete. It's of a low quality data. Consistency. What is consistency? The degree to which the data can form to the same standard. You all have the same data, formatted the same way. It has the same definition. The address field is actually an address. A phone number is actually a phone number and formatted across different sources. What could happen is a company could have multiple databases that store customer information and the data should be consistent across all databases with the same definition, formatting, and similar data elements. So that's why consistency is important because you could be using data from different sources. If it's consistent, it's easy to consistent not only in terms of the structure, in terms of the data definition, in terms of the field relevance. The fourth intrinsic value concept is the degree to which the data is useful. Is it relevant for us? Whatever we are doing, is it good for our business case, our business decision improving intrinsic data quality required continuous data cleaning because the data has to be clean. Clean will give you accuracy. You validate the data, make sure it's complete. It's standardized. So it's consistent to ensure that the data accurately reflect the real world for what's intended to use. For example, the data about customer who have not made a purchase in the past 12 months may not be relevant for a marketing campaign targeting active users. It's not relevant for us. It's not relevant. Why? Because it's too old. So the data should be relevant to the specific case and we're going to see timeliness later on, but relevant also in terms of time. The second value is contextual value or the contextual quality of the data. This referred to the suitability. Is the data suitable for our specific context or use or our decision taken into account factors such as data source? Is the source of the data good for us? Data format, data timeliness, which we talked about timeliness in the prior session. It's part of contextual quality as well. Data source. We have to look at where is the data coming from, the origin of the data and the method we collected the data impact its suitability. How good is the data? For example, we could have data collected through surveys may not be as reliable as data collected through experiments because the user don't know the purpose. Therefore, they cannot answer in a specific way. Data format. The format in which the data is stored and presented can impact its suitability. For example, structured data, data and spreadsheets and databases are much easier because it has a better format to use for analysis rather than data that you can find in a text. Three, data timeliness. And we spoke about this on the prior slide. The age of the data is important. For example, data about the company financial performance from five years ago may not be relevant for today for a current business decision. Therefore, also the time is important. How recent is the data? In order to ensure high contextual quality, data should be collected from reliable sources as reliable as possible, stored in appropriate format and kept up to date to ensure its suitability for our business use. The third component of data quality is security and accessibility quality. Well, the word security and accessibility tells it tells it all. Security is the level of protection from unauthorized access, modification, deletion, as well as the accessibility of all data to all authorized users. What is security? Well, the measures put in place to protect the data, protected it from what? From unauthorized access, modification, or deletion. How? You can encrypt the data, have access controlled, make sure you have a backup and disaster recovery procedures because that's part of the security. Accessibility means what? The ease which authorized users, all authorized users can access and use the data. This includes factors such as availability. Is it available? The technology used to access the data and the skills of and training of the users. For example, a company should provide training and support for employee how to access the data and how to use the customer data. The company also ensure that the data is available 24-7 and that employee can access it from any location as long as it's a secure connection. Also, this includes a regular reviews and update about security measures because people hacking you, they always try different things. They always try different technology. You need to provide training and support, continuous training and support to the employees to ensure that technology used to access the data is up-to-date and reliable. What should you do now? Go to Farhat Lectures and look at additional resources, multiple choice that's going to help you understand the concept of data quality. Study hard whether you are studying for your CPA exam, CMA exam, CISA or Accounting Information System course. Invest in yourself, invest in your career and stay safe.


So one of the questions that I usually get from other tour women is how do I find statement pieces and add them to my wardrobe? Do I do it in a strategic way or do I just see something and add it to my wardrobe? I usually buy my statement pieces based on the event that I'm attending in my lifestyle. So a statement piece can be anything from a blazer that has a specific pattern or it can be a pair of earrings that are larger or a quirky shape. So in this video we're going to talk about how to add statement pieces to your wardrobe. And this is going to be part 3 of the series building your wardrobe that you love. So what statement pieces do you own? What statement pieces do you want to add and you also want to consider the events that you're going to and why you need these statement pieces. For me, I need more necklaces. I am not a necklace girl, I just don't really like a ton of stuff on my neck but I am on a hunt for some so I know for one that I am missing that in my jewelry selection and possibly more statement like jackets. I'm a neutral girl so I have a ton of neutrals in here and maybe a sprinkle of a color. We're going to go into this video basing everything off of certain events that we as women go to on a daily basis. So let's get into the first occasion which is formal. Formal would be anything like a wedding, a black tie event, something that you really have to dress up for, no type of casual wear at these events. In this case, when you're shopping for something like this, you want to think about the item and how many times you actually can wear it. Is it going to be worth you spending hundreds of dollars if you only go to a wedding once every seven years or you're going to more of a black tie event often with your partner. You guys already know I'm always going to tell you go for cost per wear always so if you are going to spend a little bit more money definitely think about how many times you're actually going to wear it. If picking something for a formal event you can go from high end to mid end to low end meaning Amazon. So think about that when you're shopping for these pieces and make sure you're buying the right piece and something that you're actually going to wear a ton of times. The next occasion would be casual. Meaning lunch dates with your friends, lunch dates with a guy. So if you're buying something for a casual event, here's when you can literally get creative. We're going through our wardrobes and we're trying to figure out exactly what we like. So we already purchased our classes in part one and then part two, we are filling in our wardrobe gaps. So we already know the style that we're going for. You want them to be things that is going to go with your casual wear and possibly be mixed with something else. So think about course for wear every single time you're buying something for your closet guys. We don't waste money over here. Okay girls, you also want to think about what you enjoy most when you're picking these pieces. So again, if you want something that is a little bit more bold as far as the color, maybe your gold jewelry has a stone color. Maybe this stone is like a pearl and you can possibly wear it to work maybe and you could possibly even wear it to a formal event depending on the size.  You can just grab and add to your outfit and make it extremely stylish. That is unique to the individual guys so it's based on what you like, not what everybody else is doing. So some statement pieces for a casual event will be bold blazers, bold shoes, bold sweaters like nice knitwear, stockings can be a statement piece if they have like a little bit of detailing on it. Hats can be a statement piece, again, ties can be a statement piece, gloves. I love me some gloves guys. Gloves are just my favorite thing ever. Gloves can be a statement piece so anything that can add to an outfit for your casual wear to make it pop is a statement piece. So if you stay this far in the video, make sure you are hitting that like button and let's get to the next step. The third event is going to be like a work event so you may possibly go to a conference or even a Christmas party at your job. Christmas party you can get a little bit more bold but you still have to be cautious on what you're wearing but your accessories can definitely be a little bit more on the bold side. If you're at a work conference or something you don't want to be boring so you can do things like wear like a statement shoe with a nice suit. You can wear a nice pair of glasses that aren't just like a prescription glasses but no prescription if that makes sense. Also want to think about not wearing something that is going to distract the people while you're at work. You want to stand out but you don't want to distract anybody else when you're working it's just like the rule of thumb. So a work event would be another occasion that you were shop for when you're adding statement pieces to your wardrobe. And the last event would be outdoor event. Outdoor events would be picnics, they would be carnivals, music fest, any type of festivals is an outdoor event. So when you're shopping for this type of event it's casual but it's also kind of very much so dressed down. So in this case when you're buying things for this think about if you're going to be going to an amusement park would you even want to wear like a hoop airing or do you want to wear a necklace? Maybe you want to wear something that's more of on the stud side. Maybe you want to get some sneakers that are a statement but still very comfortable but very noticeable. Same as a casual occasion you can still dress really bold and add colors but in this case you want to be comfortable. So if we're out at a festival we can wear some really nice sandals that are a statement but we want something that's still on a comfortable side. So comfort is the first thing here when you're buying anything that's a statement piece for this section and then you can go for style second in my opinion because let me tell you something being uncomfortable at a park is the worst thing you could absolutely do. You don't want to be at a film festival or some sort of like festival where it's going to be like a band or just like you're walking around like a carnival and your feet hurt girls. You're not going to enjoy yourself trust me trust me trust me. So think about comfort but also think about something that's still going to stand out.  When I go to festivals girls I'm trying to tell you I am literally probably like one of the ladies who's not sweating okay because I make sure things that I put on are very breathable and still very stylish at the same time. So when I'm buying pieces for this occasion I'm very very strategic when I do that. So those are the four occasions that you're going to be shopping for when you're adding statement pieces to your wardrobe. So I hope this video was helpful as well as part one and two so make sure you are checking those out I am going to link those for you in the description box so you can catch up and not miss out on anything. And I'm going to add a couple of my blog posts for you guys in the description box. I'm going to link one about saving when you're shopping so it'll help when you are buying your accessories and anything that's statement for your wardrobe.  And I'm also going to link some of my style guides for you ladies to check out okay because they are a step by step guide that is available as soon as you download it I hope that really does help you guys so thank you guys for tuning into this video if you stay to the end of this video please comment Coco we see you and guys don't forget to follow me on Instagram at Coco styles NYC and Coco style NY and my personal style blog Coco styles NYC.com and my style services Coco styles NY.com and I'm on ticketing ticketing talk Coco styles NYC and I will catch you guys in the next one bye guys


OK, hello, everyone. This is my first time to be here to deliver this presentation. OpenStack, Watcher Machine, quickly available. This is a faster technology we used in our public and private cloud. So before this presentation, I would love to give a brief introduction about me and my company. My name is Michael Chiu. And my main scope is its own high-performance computing, including GPUs, CPUs, optimizations, and networking, like OVS, DBDK, and also OVS, DBDK, VPP to accelerate the cloud networking. Another thing of my team is storage-related. Safe enhancement. We're using RDMA and ECF loading to accelerate our storage performance. So an example for us in networking is that we make Vecharland networking from two or three gig to nine gig. This is our main work. My company is called China Sea. In Chinese, it's Huayun Shuju. My company is a public and a private Honeybird cloud sprider in China. Also, we are our products, including big data, CDN, and other things. So if you want more information, you could go this link, probably, to get what you want. This is the agenda. Today, I would first give you a brief introduction about this technology's background and how the technology works and how much technology we used. Second, we will give you the brief introduction about the x-ray methods, including the technical details and the implementations. Then I will show you the performance data. We're just comparing with the native OpenStack virtual machine, Budap. Just think that the dog, when you start a dog, it's very fast, right? But if you apply our technology, you can create virtual machines and find out that Budap is only needs maybe one second. It's also very fast. OK, after the performance data, I will give you a demo to see how fast it is. OK. When we create a virtual machine, we could separate the times like here, T1 and T2. T1 means when you create a machine from the website or the console, you could go through the OpenStack NOVA and NOVA will generate the XML file for LibreWord. And using this XML file, LibreWord creates the QMAP process first to price the XML file and generate the QMAP command line. And then, calling the QMAP process to start up this guest. After that, this is what we call T1. It's including OpenStack schedule time. OK, most optimization about here is in schedule. But we have another way, is we do the accelerated T2. That means after we start the QMAP process, we go to the guest loader, and then we put kernel, and guest OS, and lots of services start up. This will cost a lot of times. For example, in central OS 3.2, when X window is installed, it will cost almost 20 more seconds to boot up. After T1 plus T2, that means the user could log in. When we access the guest using VNC or control screen, we will see the login screen. Here, you see what is the difference between VM2 and VMM if the user creates so many virtual machines using the single image. What is single image means? That means all this machine is like Ubuntu or central OS 7.2. Of this, what is the difference between them? I think they are almost the same, except what? Except the CPU numbers, the memories, all the nicks, the disk case. Otherwise, it's the same except this I just told you. Even though if user selects the same flavor, all of them is the same. Before you use the login, this is what and the key we try to optimize. OK? Hottable devices for guest OSes. To be here, I think some of you has aware of what we do, but I still need to say what is Hottable for a guest. CPU, I think, is good. This way, we see just from LibVort or Qmo, not include Urban Stack. And memory, storage, nicknames, USB or other like serial consoles, it all could be Hottplugable except the video accelerator card. But for Urban Stack, now we support storage, nicknames, USBs, but for CPU and memories, we does not support Hottplugging. But fortunately, in our Urban Stack releases, our company's Urban Stack releases, we support CPU and memories Hottplugging. This is key. What are we do the acceleration? OK, here, new created VMs equals to base VM plus data. What data means? As what just I said, the CPUs, memories, or storages, or nicks, is different between the base VM. But what is base VM? Base VM means you have the list, CPUs only have one, list memories like only 500, 12 micabits, or one gigabits, OK? And storage, storage here, we must have one system storage, not including data storage. All data storage units could be Hottplugable. But the system storage, I don't think so. It could be Hottplugable. OK, VM data is different between customer configuration and base VM. If base VM have one CPU, one gig memory, and one system disk, and user create new machines, we could increase the CPUs, memories, and disks, nicks, and other hardware disk hardware type of this. OK, how do we accelerate? We first put up the base VM and save it to use it later. So we save the VM state for base VM for VM state. This is memory data. And after that, we create a new machine, then using the according images. The images was mapped to the VM state. So when OpenStack creates disk images, we will check if it has a VM state. If it doesn't have, we were pointing from the image servers. Then we reduce the instance configuration, like to one CPU and one gig memory, and put it up. After that, we do live upgrade. And I think the hardware configurations is almost the same to the user we want. But after that, it's not enough. We need to modify the guest info. The password, the user name, the host name, and MAC, and IP, and what else you want. But what challenge of LibWord? Because we just save the VM state, but LibWord cannot recognize the VM state that does not belong to the instance itself. So here, we just see the process. Nova calls a LibWords API called correctDemand if it does not find the VM state. OK, go to the normal VM. But if it checks that it have, so it will check the VM state's UUID and the name so that it will ensure it belongs to itself. If it is correct, restore the VM, just migrate to fire. So it's very fast. If it falls, it will fall back to boot VM. So what do we do to let LibWord to recognize the VM state fire? We rewrite the VM state header. Another thing is data consistency. One VM state must be strictly by injection. And if you do miss things, what will happen? I think your VM could be booted up, but probably it has lots of data consistency, or you can't reboot, or you even never use it. OK, another thing is when you save the VM state, for both the VM state and image fires, you should keep the same. Because if you're using this image file to boot up another guest, the data in this image fire should be changed, and the data must be consistency. So before you push them to the image repository, don't touch them anymore. Just as I say in before pages, it is weak consistency. The consistency is controlled by the administration, who doing depletion of the administrator. But if he does some false things, what happens? It's out of control. So another scope we consider is we do some checksums on the VM state header. Just look at this picture. The header XML file and memory data, this fashion is the liberal VM state format. So the header, including magic, versions, XML lens, was running at compressions and unused. We're using last unused field to do some checksum things. But it still has issues. What issues? That means it will cost a lot of time to calculate the system. So it's still a problem. But we would take a lot of time to solve this. But at this stage, we're just using weak consistency. All of accelerating stage, we have three. Deployment, pre-creation, post-creation. And in deployment, we make sure that data consistency, the relevancy, the image with VM state, we must buy injection, just as I said. And metadata in VM state, because we need to get the VM state's flowers, like CPU numbers, memory numbers, and the image filter. It's very important for image filter, because we push back the VM states to the image servers or image repository. And if you do not do the filter, users may see these fires. It's unacceptable. When we pre-creations, we pull VM state and modify name and location to push VM state to the Libreford folder. And Libreford will automatically recognize this file and rewrite its header using the instance XML file. And then, put it up. It's very fast. After it's put up, upgrade and inject user names, passwords. Also, don't forget to change the Mac and IP, because we do the restore. The Mac and IP was the same with the base VM and does not equal to what the VM we created. So we need to change it and get other solutions. Here, this is the first idea what I have. And this is more faster, but it's much more complex. Yeah, what we see here means that all we do is live migration. We just start up one VM called base VM. And what user create did, we just do live migration to multi-hosts and just do the same thing before as the former one. This challenges what is that the cumul does not support local machine migration. So we need to modify cumul. And a little word to let it support this one. This is my performance data. This is including the schedule time. Normal ones is the blue. And fastboot is light blue ones. The color should be, I need to change it, but I think we could see it. And fastboot, when fastboot, we're using 3 seconds, 0.3.1 seconds. But normalboot, we're using 30.8 seconds. This is calculated from you click create, or you just tap the boot command and wait for logging. When you can log in, the time stops. OK, I will do a demo for what you I can show you how fast it is. First, because I'm using the VPN back to China, so it's probably slow. OK, to make sure this one is already booted up, we just check it. OK, this is a booted up one, and we just remove it. Sorry, it's in Chinese, but I could show you the steps. OK, that VNC has closed automatically. We now create one named Michael. OK, type general, source is, OK, networking, security. We can connect it. Sorry, it could log in. And we could try it. Yeah, you could see we could log in. So fast, after you click create, almost you could log in. It's very fast. And you could do anything you want, re-boot it. But when you re-boot, it will go to the slow pass and boot up. It's very slow, because we install the X window, and we're using the console to log in. So it's slow. Sorry, and shut it down. OK, any questions? Did you publish any technical details on this on the internet, or it's your private solution that you want to share? Actually, now it's our private solutions. We will push our code to open stack. Yeah, it will be open. Sorry, Windows VMs? OK, actually, it does not adopt the Windows or Linux guest. But indeed, that's a limitation, because we're using the live upgrade. But for Windows, only it has two versions it supported. For normal servers, like server 1011, and mostly Windows guest does not support, because Microsoft has limited the upgrade functionality in Windows only the top editions. I can grab for you, I think. But I want to say a thing that Windows guest will be able to support later, and using our other technologies. Sorry, I just think before that they'll have five or more Windows distributions, but only two support this. You can check it offline. Any other questions? We changed the code in open stack in LibreVert. I think we'll probably push it in next July or August, I think, in my plan. Also, if you have any questions about this technology or other including networking, you can contact me for more details. Our company is very open for this. Any more questions? OK, if no, I will finish my sessions. Thank you.


Welcome to the next lecture in the course remote sensing principles and applications. We are discussing the topic of thermal infrared remote sensing and in the last lecture we discussed in detail about the procedure to estimate or to retrieve land surface temperature from sensors with single thermal channel and our major concentration was retrieval of LST from Landsat series of satellites. So, just as a recap if we look at the way in which we derived LST is we first calculated radiance like dn to radiance conversion we have already seen how to do it in the previous lectures sometime before. From that radiance we have to do atmospheric correction like I introduced to you about like an online atmospheric correction tool which will help us to correct for the atmospheric effects. Apart from it we need to estimate surface emissivity in the spectral channel corresponding to Landsat sensors. Once we do this we substitute the terms in the general equation what is called the radiative transfer equation and then we can retrieve LST by inverting the plans function. As a brief summary we will just look at the slide. So, here in this particular slide this is the equation we used to for the retrieval of LST. So, the inverse plans function of the radiance received at the sensor after being corrected for atmospheric effect and surface emissivity effect. And atmospheric correction tool we have already seen and if we like substitute all the values like if we corrected satellite observe radiance and substitute in this sort of simplified plans function I call it as simplified plans function. This is specific for Landsat sensor like this constants k1 and k2 these will vary for sensor to sensor. So, this equation is specifically for like Landsat satellite with the corresponding k values for Landsat 7. Similarly, for other satellites such as Landsat 5 or Landsat 8 we have corresponding equations. So, once we have such the equation if we substitute the corrected radiance we will get this. So, this method what we have seen is known as retrieval of LST using radiative transfer equation like we took the basic equation like what all the components will go to the atmosphere we try to estimate them separately and we did it. Actually, given current circumstances current circumstances means even without access to any sophisticated models we will be able to retrieve Landsat phase temperature using this method because the atmospheric correction tool is available to us. Emissivity we can simply calculate using NDVI very simple method I have explained and substituting in this equation we can do this. But this is not the only way to retrieve Landsat phase temperature there are different ways to do it. One more popular way of retrieval of Landsat phase temperature from Landsat series of satellites is what is known as single channel method. That method we are not going to see in detail here, but the concept is rather than doing all these sort of corrections like atmosphere corrections separately for each and every component single channel method aims to simplify this like they will take only the primary components which will cause change in the sensor observed radiance most likely water vapor or CO2 concentration all these things and they will try to relate the radiance with respect to land surface temperature. If we know the water vapor content and other parameters that is developed by the single channel method we can just substitute them in those equations retrieve Landsat phase temperature. So, that method we are not going to see because for using that method we may have to access some atmospheric data at the time of satellite overpass or use some sort of atmospheric models retrieve data from such models and substitute but it is a one of the popular ways in which LST can be retrieved the single channel algorithm or single channel method. This is for sensors with one thermal channel that is why the name itself is either radiative transfer equation what we have seen or single channel method. For sensors with two or more than two thermal channels like even the reason Landsat 8 has two thermal channels within it that is band 10 and band 11 unfortunately we cannot use band 11 till now because of some artifacts but assume let us assume that we have two thermal sensors available to us in the same sensor say mode is has two thermal channels. In that case we can resort to a method known as the split window technique or the split window method. So, this in the split window method the general assumption is what you call the differential atmospheric absorption that is the two thermal channels they will normally be selected in a quanticus manner quanticus manner means say 10.4 to 11.5 11.5 to 12.5 though two thermal channels in the sensors most likely will be closely spaced with each other. So, assuming that atmospheric absorption will not vary much within the bands and emissivity will not vary within these bands and making similar sort of these assumptions people will develop equations relating the radiance with land surface temperature or the brightness temperature with land surface temperature whatever. So, the such equations once it is developed codes will be like people will use like high performance computers and atmospheric tools to refine this equations to a lot of extent. For example, one equation is given in this slide this equation is for a sensor called AVHRR which had like two bands if you see this equation you can this coefficients actually this TS is the land surface temperature A naught is a coefficient P and M are a coefficient. So, this is nothing but the coefficients are developed something like this these numbers epsilon of the emissivity delta epsilon is like the difference in emissivity and so on. And T4 T for AI are brightness temperature observed in the corresponding bands T4 T5 like band 4 and band 5 are thermal channels in AVHRR. So, this equation basically relates the brightness temperature observed from that particular sensor with the actual land surface temperature and brightness temperature what it told you it is just sensor absorbed radiance converted it into black body temperature. So, that will vary with respect to from band to band because of atmospheric artifacts and everything. So, but the final actual land surface temperature it should not vary in whatever band we look that is the physical concept. So, this brightness temperature is now related to land surface temperature using this coefficients. So, for with this particular equation as soon as we have surface emissivity we can just substitute them calculate this coefficients and get land surface temperature. So, this sort of equations relating radiance to LST or brightness temperature to LST it has been developed. And this is based on lot of assumptions behind it and lot of processing that has happened even before the sensor is launched. People will simulate the radiance using radiative transfer models people will simulate lot of atmospheric conditions they will try to see okay if this is the atmospheric condition if this is the surface condition what is the radiance there all possible combinations will be tried out and finally such equations will be derived. So, once such equations is derived as a end user we can use it simply and get the data or most likely when such equations are derived LST product itself will be generated by the satellite managers maybe like for modus NASA does it even for like India has this insert 3D sensor which is geostationary satellite the LST product is available from ISTO MOSDAC website we can download. So, such sort of products they will they it is easy to create such products when this split between two method is once the equations are established. But as end users or at the scope of this particular course we are not going to go deeper into how such equations are derived what are the physical concepts behind it all those things we are not going to see. But I just wanted to introduce you for sensors with more than one thermal channel such methods exist which enables the agency acquiring the data to process it into LST and give us give the users. So, now we can directly go and download LST data from modus we can directly go to MOSDAC website and download LST data from insert 3D satellite these things are possible we need not sit and retrieve LST because of these sort of methods. But for Landsat satellites as I told you before till now we have to retrieve LST and one simple method I have already explained to you which will be useful to you in several applications or in your other courses or other research activities. The next topic we are going to see is what is known as the thermal properties of terrain and how it will influence the observation of land surface temperature. Any material on earth surface if you take it will have certain characteristics with respect to heat energy or heat content. The first thing is heat capacity or thermal capacity. Let us say there is a material something is there. So, how much heat energy we should supply to that material in order to raise the temperature by 1 Kelvin or 1 degree Celsius. So, that amount of heat energy is the heat capacity of the material. If the material is able to withstand lot of heat energy its heat capacity will be pretty high. Some materials will quickly raise temperature even with a small amount of heating. Maybe like a very simple example is in our normal in our kitchens in our gas stove like in one burner heat water and heat milk and if we measure the rate of change of temperature between them those two liquids will have like will the temperature of both of the liquids will increase differently because of the difference in heat capacity of that particular liquids. Very similarly all the materials will have its own heat capacity and since materials can vary in mass in order to like kind of normalize it there is this specific heat capacity. So, specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of an object by 1 Kelvin like the or temperature of an object with 1 kg mass by 1 Kelvin. So, there we are talking about how much heat energy we should supply to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram mass of the material by 1 Kelvin. So, the material can be any weight 10 kilograms 20 kilograms whatever but how much heat we should provide for 1 kilogram that is specific heat capacity. Then the other important property is thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity is simply put how fast heat will be conducted from one point to another point. Example let us take a one metallic rod if we heat one end of the metallic rod quickly the heat will be transferred to the other end and take like water put it in top of like a gas stove we supply heat to the at the bottom of the vessel it will be transferred to the water column like through convection. So, how much kind of how fast the heat moves from one point to another point thermal conductivity is but thermal conductivity is mostly dealing with solid but I gave water as an example. So, conduction process happens in solid basically and all these things combined together brings us to a more important property that we will that we will be interested in thermal remote sensing and that property is thermal inertia. So, what exactly inertia is we might have studied in our school physics that inertia is the inability of a body to change its state of motion or state of rest when it is when some force is exerted on it like when an object is kind of like moving it will resist coming to a sudden stop or if you are at rest it or if some material is at rest some force should be applied so that it starts moving. So, whatever be the object they will have some sort of inertia to resist this change of state similarly thermal inertia means the ability or the resistance offered by a body for change in temperature ok. So, like say you are trying to heat up some object continuously if the object has very high thermal inertia it will heat up very slowly the temperature will rise pretty slowly some objects will heat up very fast it has low thermal inertia. So, thermal inertia deals with the resistance of an object to change in temperature higher thermal inertia means lower the change in temperature lower thermal inertia means higher the change in temperature. So, this thermal inertia property depends on the specific heat capacity of an object the conductivity of an object and also the density of an object like mass by volume density. So, the thermal inertia depends on this thermal conductivity heat capacity and density of the material all these things will influence the inertia and higher the thermal inertia will lead to slower change in temperature of the object. But why do we need this property why we should worry about this thermal inertia anyway in remote sensing we are just sensing temperature. For some applications just sensing temperature at one time may be enough, but for some other applications like meteorological applications or whatever like sensing like land surface energy properties and all sometimes we may need to get the diurnal variation of land surface temperature. What exactly diurnal variation of land surface temperature is diurnal variation means variation of a certain property in a given day or with respect to time within the time span of one day that is 24 hours how the temperature changes. Actually this depends on surface property mainly like surface property and this kind of diurnal change will help us to infer some details about the earth surface maybe for energy balance studies maybe even like in olden days people were using this concept for geological mapping all those things. So, maybe we look at this thermal inertia property and this diurnal variation of temperature about few objects. So, this particular slide gives us the diurnal variation of surface temperature. So, this is from midnight of one day to midnight of next day. Let us take like one earths any part of the earth surface earths will be continuously emitting energy this is kind of like a non-stop thing as long as earth has some internal energy this radiation will be keep on going on or will be keep on going up towards the atmosphere. So, this is the long wave radiation what we are currently using for our thermal infrared studies in the right now we are talking about 8 to 14 micrometers only. But this radiation will be spanning across like from 3 to 5 micrometers to even like in microwave range. So, this radiation will be taking the energy away from the earth surface. So, when energy is being lost what will happen the temperature of the object will go down if no other source is provided. So, during night time when the sun's energy is absent earth will be keep on radiating and it is due to this continuous radiation the temperature will be slightly decreasing. So, it will be kind of here this is a surface temperature curve this will be decreasing because of continuous loss of energy. So, earth will reach some sort of minimum temperature just at like dawn when the sun is about to rise ok. So, when sun rises what will happen sun will provide the energy source. So, this is what to say this is earth's energy curve. So, it is continuously losing energy. So, this is by sun. So, till dawn no energy is there from sun after that sun's energy begins to rise solar energy will begin to come when solar energy starts to come and fall on the earth's surface what will happen this energy will add up to earth's surface and this will heat up the earth's surface thereby rising its temperature. So, after sunrise the temperature will begin to increase because there is energy surplus whatever the earth is radiating that is fine, but the incoming energy is more than that the earth's surface is being heated up by solar radiation. So, as solar radiation heats up the earth's surface the temperature will rise and this radiation will again increase because as temperature rises more radiation will go that is we have seen in Planck's law as increased temperature leads to increased radiation. But still during noon time solar radiation will peak energy will be like at surplus because of this energy surplus surface temperature will be continuously rising and at certain point in daytime it will reach a maximum state because after noon time solar radiation will go down right same thing. So, then but there is you can observe there is kind of like a time lag between where the energies is peaking and the temperature maximum temperature is attained because it needs some time for the earth to absorb this energy and increase its temperature. There is always a lag between peak energy supply of peak energy and peak temperature. So, what essentially happens is during daytime this external heat energy from sun increases the temperature of earth's surface features. Then afternoon again the solar radiation will begin to go down slowly it will decrease and after sunset it will become 0. So, similarly temperature also will begin to decrease because earth is continuously radiating energy. So, the temperature will begin to go down. So, this cycle increase in energy like continuous radiation decreasing temperature then increasing temperature then decrease. This cycle will happen continuously for all the objects this is the basic concept of diurnal variation of surface temperature or everything happens because of incoming solar radiation during daytime that is like the driving force. This incoming energy and or this incoming energy will change the temperature of all features on the earth's surface and different objects on the earth's surface will behave differently to this additional energy. So, that depends on thermal inertia of the objects. Now we will quickly see some diurnal temperature pattern a typical patterns for few earth's surface materials. See this is for bare soil or rock or concrete this dark black line this dotted line is for vegetation and this is for water. So, this kind of like uniform dotted line is for water then it is for moist bare soil all these things. So, what essentially it means different features behave differently to the solar radiation or change in temperature. Water has very high thermal inertia it actually resist tendency to change its temperature. So, the temperature variation if you take the difference between the maximum temperature in a day and minimum temperature in a day the difference will be quite less. On the other hand for bare soil or dry soil this is bare dry soil or concrete kind of materials they do not they will not have very high thermal inertia and they will change temperature pretty quickly. They will heat up fast the temperature will rise up very fast similarly during night time they will cool down really fast. So, during night if you observe here water has higher temperature. So, water will appear warmer than this vegetation or bare soil and all. But on during daytime bare soil will have higher temperature water will have lower temperature. So, the temperature will vary because during daytime bare soil and rocks will heat up extremely fast they will rise to very high temperature. Water will resist temperature change it will rise very slow. During night time again water will resist change in temperature it will try to remain at the same temperature. On the other hand dry soil and bare rocks will cool down very fast they will lose temperature lose energy. So, these things play a major role that when we do remote sensing especially thermal remote sensing and what do we observe. So, during night time like midnight and pre-dawn time if we take thermal infrared measurements water bodies may appear warmer than typical land surface. On the other hand during daytime water bodies will appear cooler than buildings or back surface this is due to the variation in thermal properties. So, higher thermal inertia lower will be the change in temperature. Here just look at two important points one point here and one point here just before or after sunrise like there will be and similarly just before kind of sunset. There will be like two points where temperature of all the materials will coincide or they will intersect which means at certain time point most likely very close to early morning sunrise time and similarly close to sunset time the temperature of various features will will be almost the same that is because at that point we have a thermal crossover. Thermal crossover means sun has already come it has just started to shine. So, rocks and other materials are going to or started beginning to rise in temperature water is still resisting. So, that certain time point all temperatures of like temperature of various features will be more or less the same. Same thing will happen in the evening after like around like sunset bare soil and all will lose temperature fast water will be still maintaining the temperature. So, what so bare soils temperature will come down water's temperature will come down slightly at some point they will meet. This kind of similar crossovers will happen and we are not supposed to do thermal infrared remote sensing at that particular time interval. Because our interest is to map the temperature of various features and these things will influence how we use it for various applications and observing or making thermal infrared observations at this particular point of time will not help us to get information about the temperature of the land surface we will get uniform temperature. So, normally at this thermal crossover point it is not suggested or not recommended to make thermal infrared measurements if our aim is to measure the temperature of various objects of surface. Same maybe in the while we discussed briefly about applications I will tell you about surface energy balance equation that is how we map evapotranspiration water lost to the atmosphere that basically depends on this temperature differences in the surface. One of the principles we use how much temperature is there. So, if we take what to say if we take thermal infrared observations during like this thermal crossover time we would not get much information about it. Similarly, for urban heat island studies it may not be of much use. So, if we are interested in obtaining the temperature of various objects it is not recommended to make tier observations at this thermal crossover time. So, before we conclude this particular topic I like to briefly introduce you about the directional anisotropy effects that exist in thermal infrared measurements. We have seen directional anisotropy effects in optical remote sensing like visible and air bands. Directional anisotropy means basically objects will look different when we look at from different different points in space that is the bi-directional reflectance distribution function BRDF all these concepts we have seen before. Even in thermal remote sensing even when we observe temperature this kind of directional anisotropy will come in because the first major reason is emissivity is directional. Most of the earth surface features will emit differently in different directions. This is a primary reason and also the application of heat to surface features may be different from different directions. It may be one small example I will tell you in this particular slide. So, here sun is here. So, this is like kind of like a row crop let us say some sort of crop like grapes or something is standing. So, these are like planted in rows. So, this will be crop one line of crop this will be soil another line of crop another line of soil like this it is there. So, sun is here. Let us say one sensor is looking from this direction one sensor is looking from this direction due to this solar radiation. So, it is coming in from this side.  All the solar radiation will be blocked by this canopy here this part will not receive much radiation will remain cool itself like temperature will not raise a lot. So, same thing will happen to all the soils in between. Say some sensor is observing from this side the same side as where the sun is. So, this sensor will most likely see the sunlight portion of the canopy which is already at like experiencing direct sunlight. This will make this portion appear warmer the canopy. Similarly, let us say some other sensor is looking from here this particular direction. If it is seeing like the soil part it may observe like a mix of cool soil and shaded portion of this canopy the other portion of canopy sunlit this portion is shaded because of solar radiation. So, these sort of change in solar heating will influence which side of vegetation canopy is heated if there is a tall tree standing if sunrise if solar radiation is from this side one side of the tree will be heated up faster than the other side. Similarly, the other side the soil will be in shadow the temperature will be lower. So, if a sensor observes some nadir it will observe a mix of this warm side of tree the shaded side of tree and this shaded soil. If a sensor observes from the same side as sun it will observe the sunlit portion and warmer part of canopy. If the sensor observes from another side it will observe the shadowed portion of canopy. All these things will change the temperature that we are sensing. This complicates matters if you want to measure temperature for certain applications and if we measure from different different directions we may end up in measuring different temperatures. So, the directional anisotropy is not only a problem in optical remote sensing but it is also an issue in thermal infrared remote sensing especially when we need very high accurate temperature measurements the direction in which we look will influence the temperature readings. Example is given in this particular slide. So, this will will tell us clearly like the solar radiation is now the sun is shining from this particular point. So, where the sensor is seeing when now in this first particular case we are sensing a sparse canopy. Sparse canopy means there is vegetation is present there is like a large soil gap then another vegetation stand is present. So, this sensor most likely will see a mix of vegetation and soil giving rise to a complex signal. If the canopy is dense in case of like a dense forest all the signals may be coming in only from the canopy itself no signals from the ground may come in. So, the temperature what we measure may be different. Similarly, let us say the sun is here and the sensor is also looking in the same direction. So, the sensor is going to observe only the sunlit portion of this canopy and soil which is going to give a increased temperature. So, all these things whether the canopy is dense whether the canopy is not dense which side solar heating is happening all these things will influence the temperature that we are measuring. So, these things we have to keep in mind when we need accurate temperature measurements for various applications. So, with this we conclude the topic of thermal infrared remote sensing. So, in this particular topic we have seen what thermal infrared remote sensing is what are all the basic theoretical concepts the different definitions of temperature emissivity black body how to retrieve land surface temperature from single channel thermal sensors thermal inertia and its importance in thermal observations and also the directional anisotropy effects. All these concepts we have covered in the topic of thermal infrared remote sensing. With this we conclude this lecture and also this topic. Thank you very much.