Hi, I'm Zor, welcome to Inizor Education. Today we will talk about a practical problem, which basically all the people know about, they all see this type of phenomenon if you wish, and it's about the water depth problem. Now, what's interesting about this particular problem? When I was in high school, that was the problem in one of my exams. So in any case, it's about light diffraction, it's about light refraction. And using whatever the knowledge we have already obtained about refraction and its laws, we will try to solve this particular problem. We will try, we will not exactly solve it, but we will do approximate solution. Okay, this lecture is part of the Unizor.com's course called Physics 14. So if you go to the website, you will see this course and Maths 14, the prerequisite course as well. And just using the menu, you can find the particular part of this course, which is waves, and inside the waves, the topic is Phenomenon of Light. This is one of the lectures in that particular topic. Now, I do recommend you to use the website rather than, for example, you can find this lecture on YouTube using the search engine, but again, you have to understand this is part of the course. So I'm always using the knowledge which have been presented before in any subsequent lecture. So there is a very logical connection between the lectures. And that's why I do recommend you to use the website directly using the menus. You can find the prerequisite lectures, etc. Plus, the website has exams. By the way, all is free. There are no advertisements. There is no financial strings attached or anything like that. You don't even have to sign in if you don't want to. Information is not going anywhere anyway. Okay, so let's talk about this particular problem. Now, I believe everybody knows whenever you look from the top, from the air on the top of the water, inside the water, you will see whatever is on the bottom or your own legs if you are in the sea or something in the river. You will see everything closer to you. And basically, the question is how to explain it and how to quantify that particular phenomenon. So that's what this lecture is about. It's a rather simple thing. And we will get to some approximate solution. And, well, it will see anyway. So let me just explain first about how we see things. Now, when I see a flower or a house or whatever else, how do I see these particular objects and how can I make an opinion about the distance to these objects? Okay, here is how. First of all, my eyes are not emitting the light. They are absorbing the light, right? Now, if I see something, it means that something actually is the source of light. Well, it can be source of light itself or it can be reflected light. So, but whatever it is, reflected or the source, well, if it's a tree, obviously, if I see the tree, I see a light reflected from the tree, from its bark, from its leaves, from its branches. And if I see some object, let's say a stone, which is on the bottom of the water and I'm looking from the top, how do I see this stone? Why do I see this stone? It's because the light goes inside from sun, let's say, and it's reflected by this stone and it goes from this stone into both of my eyes. Now, let's just forget about water for a second. Everything is in the air. If I see something, how can I judge the distance to this particular object? Well, I have two eyes. If I have only one eye, then I cannot reasonably judge the distance unless I kind of know from experience this particular distance. But in honesty, it's two eyes which allow me to make an opinion about how far the object is. Why? Because the closer object is to my eye, the closer my eye should actually be turned to focus on this particular object. So the muscles which are actually moving my eyeballs are more tense if I'm looking at the closer object. If I'm looking at something in infinity or very far, my eyes practically going parallel to each other. But if I look at something close, my eyes should be closer, which means my muscle will be tense. Also, the closer the object, the lens inside the pupil should be more curved to focus on the retina, to focus the image of the object on the retina. And then in the retina there are nerves which are transferring this information to the brain. And the brain now makes a judgment based on muscle contraction of the eyeballs and the muscle contraction around our lenses in the pupil. Based on this, we make an opinion about how far the object is. Okay, so it's all about two eyes and the angle these eyes have to really be focusing to make a judgment. The closer the object is, the wider this angle is because this is when we go straight to the far object, it's almost zero angle between these two directions. But if I'm of closer, it becomes greater and greater. Not to 180 degree, but probably 120 at least. Okay, so let's just now introduce the water inside that picture. So let's say these are my two eyes. I make a much wider eyes than really is. Now this is the water. And let's say the object, this is the bottom of the water. Okay, so this is water and this is air. Okay, now let's say we have somewhere in the middle an object here. Now, we know that the light from the object, let's say it's reflected light from the sun, goes to my eye, not along a straight line, but along this line. Okay, so these are the lines of the light from this object, which go to the air. Now, this is an incident angle. Let's call it alpha. And this is a refracted angle, which we will call beta. Alpha is smaller than beta because the speed of light inside the water is smaller than in the air. We know that, right? So again, the light goes from this to the eyes, to both eyes. Now, let's see how the distance to the particular object is actually judged by our brain. Well, the brain sees the light which is coming from this. So from the brain's standpoint, my object is here. So this is the real location of the object. And this is the object how I judge the distance to this from my face. This is my face, right? Obviously closer. So that's the reason why we see objects closer when we look at them from the air through the water. Okay, so we have explained this phenomenon from the physical standpoint. Now it would be nice to evaluate the whole thing mathematically. How closer it is. All right, let's just do it. Okay, let's consider that this distance is h above the water. The water has distance, the depth of the water is d. And this particular, so this is d. And this particular distance is x to the point as we see this particular object. So what we will do right now, we will use the laws of refraction, as we know them, to evaluate x basically relative to d. How closer the object appears to be relatively to its real depth. Okay, so let's do it. We need some space obviously. Now, we do need this distance between the eyes. Let's put it s. It's very important for solving all these triangles, right? So if this is my left and this is my right eye. This is location of the object in real life. This is location as we see it by brain. And let's put this point c, because we need it for some triangles I guess. Okay, now we need this point d. And this is s. Okay. Now, let's think about the distance between the eyes and a couple of triangles which we can just derive from here. The distance I'm talking about od, which is s divided by 2. s is a given thing, the distance between the eyes, so we know that. We also know h and d. H is our distance from the face above the water and d is the depth of the water where the object is located in the bottom of this. Okay, so this s2, this od is equal. Okay, on one hand, this distance can be calculated as this is also angle beta, right? So from this triangle, this triangle. Now, lb is a straight line of this, right? Because we are kind of making the continuation of the line to find the virtual object which we think we see. So from this triangle, and this is also angle beta. Yeah, even from this triangle it's probably even better. Ldb. So this od, the s divided by 2, can be calculated based on this height, which is h plus x, multiplied by tangent of angle beta, right? If we divide ld by bd, that would be tangent of this angle. So od which is equal to s divided by 2 is h plus x, h plus x times tangent beta, right? Okay, from another point, we can always consider the same lengths as sum of two lengths. This one from this triangle, now it's also beta, we know this is h, so this piece is equal to h times tangent beta, plus this piece which is equal to this piece, and from this triangle it's d which is depth times tangent of this angle, which is also alpha, right? This is alpha and this is alpha, because the lines are parallel. So plus ac, which is d times tangent alpha, d times tangent alpha, and this is exactly the same as divided by 2. Well, for a simple solution, which is not actually a solution, I'll tell you why. What we can do is we can subtract these things, one from another, now h will cancel out, h times tangent beta, and what will remain is x times tangent beta is equal to d times tangent alpha, which means x divided by d, which is kind of ratio between the perceived depths of the water and the real depths of the water. It's equal to tangent alpha divided by tangent beta. Now, in most of the textbooks, whenever we are analyzing this, they're saying, you know what guys, tangent and tangent are very close to sine when the angles are small. So we don't know alpha and beta, but we can define their ratio tangent alpha divided by tangent beta as approximately equal to sine alpha divided by sine beta. And this particular ratio we know from the refraction index to be equal to n air divided by n water, where n is refractive index of refraction. So this is definitely the right equality. This one is approximation, and this approximation is good only if angles alpha and beta are very small. So that's why I told you that this is not really a solution. It's an approximate solution. And it's also good if, let's say, you are in the sea, let's say, so you are stanging and the water is, let's say, at the level of your knees and then there is something over there. Then it's really relatively far, relatively to what? Relatively to distance between your eyes. And that's why the angles are really small. And then you can do this type of calculations. And by the way, what's approximately? It's approximately equal to 0.75. So it's like trick waters. So our, this picture is not really proportional because if this is the real water and this is real air, the point is supposed to be somewhere here. So the ratio between x and g is 0.75 trick waters. Now I draw this picture just to make it a little bit more visible because if these angles are very small, it's kind of difficult to draw. But again, the difference between this distance between eyes and this is supposed to be really large comparing to. So this is much smaller than this. Only then these particular calculations are correct. If not, if not, the problem becomes much more complex mathematically because what we have done is this is our first equation, this is our second equation. And this, the law of refraction is our third equation. Now using these three equations, we have three variables, alpha, beta, and x, which we don't know. So we can actually solve it. However, well, I tried myself to solve these equations. I mean, it goes to very complicated calculations because tangent is not really a sign. You can express tangent through sign, but then it becomes with square roots of whatever, sine divided by square root of 1 minus sine square. It becomes much more complicated equations. I think I've got it as a polynomial equation of the fourth degree, which is not really a nice thing to solve. I mean, maybe it can be solved in certain cases analogically. In most cases, probably it will be difficult. Let's put it this way. Anyone who wants to try, welcome. And if you will come up with a good analytical solution to these three equations, these three variables, you're welcome to do it.  I'll put it on my website and with reference to the author, et cetera. So in any case, this is the story with this particular problem. So as you see, to get an approximate solution, it's a very simple thing. But in any case, the approximation of like 0.75 should give you a nice picture of what exactly is happening when you are looking at the water. And it's really kind of far distance from your eyes to the bottom of the sea level, let's say. Now, if it's something much smaller on the scale, let's say you look at the water in the pot. So your distance to the pot is very small and the pot is not very deep. So the angle relatively to distance between your eyes will not be small. So this approximation is not really good. So if you will put a coin, let's say, on the bottom of the pot, the pot will be half filled with water, let's say. And then you see that particular coin from the top, from the air. It will be closer definitely. But the calculations will not be exactly the same. In any case, probably something like 0.75 is, again, it's an approximation. So it can be 0.7 or 0.8. But it will be in that range. So it will definitely look closer to you than it really is, but not by much. About three quarters, whatever. So that's it. That's the problem which I have been given on my exams in high school. And I wish you like it. I think it's very kind of practical. And it goes exactly into the material which we have learned just recently. So maybe I will include some similar problems into exams for this particular topic of phenomenon of light. Okay, that's it. Thank you very much and good luck.


On the 10th of March 1987 the private detective Daniel Morgan was found murdered with an axe to the head in a pub car park in South London. He was a co-director of Southern Investigations where he and his business partner Jonathan Reese made a living passing on stories to Fleet Street. And despite the brutal and deeply distressing circumstances of his death, five police investigations and numerous charges against suspects no one has ever been convicted of Daniel's murder. The Metropolitan Police have admitted that the first investigation into Daniel's murder was mired in corruption and in a very bizarre turn of events one of the senior investigating officers was arrested on suspicion of involvement only to be freed and to replace Daniel Morgan as co-director of Southern Investigations. And what's more, connections between Southern Investigations and Murdoch-owned media have come under intense scrutiny. So this was Daniel Morgan's business partner and one-time suspect Jonathan Reese. He went on to carry out a lot of work for the news of the world supplying illegally obtained information about people in the public eye who was paid £150,000 a year to do so. So according to the Byline Times Southern Investigations became a one-stop shop for the dark arts of the press after Daniel's murder including computer hacking, surveillance, bugs, bribing cops for information and perloining classified documents. Dave Cook was another senior investigating officer on the case and he alleged that he and his wife were placed under surveillance by the news of the world to try and intimidate them and undermine the investigation. And a witness told detectives that Daniel Morgan around the time of his murder was involved in discussions with the news of the world to sell a story about police corruption and that this could have been a motive for the crime. Jonathan Reese's main point of contact at the news of the world was Alex Maranchak and he was once the Sunday tabloids star crime reporter and he then became an executive. Now he and Jonathan Reese and everybody else deny any wrongdoing when it comes to the murder. But the case touches on high-level police corruption, billionaire press barons and even the Laverson inquiry. And a panel which was originally convened by Theresa May will publish its report next Tuesday after having been beset by numerous delays. Joining me today to discuss all of this and more is Alistair Morgan who's Daniel's brother and the co-author of Untold Daniel Morgan Murder Exposed. Alistair thank you so much for joining us this evening. Hello Ash no pleasure. We really appreciate your time and we should say for those who are unfamiliar with the case we will do our best to explain some of the key points in this interview but there's a lot of detail. So for the full picture please make sure that you read Daniel's book Untold or listen to the podcast form of it and subscribe to the channel as well. We rely on your support to do our work so to keep up with our content just hit the subscribe button there on YouTube. So can we start with some of the basics Alistair? What do we know for sure about what happened to Daniel? Well that he was he had arranged a meeting at the place where he was murdered or he had agreed to meet his partner at the place where he was murdered on the night he was murdered and it only emerged sometime later that he had also been there the night before. This was a place that he never normally visited and that he'd visited the night before but we didn't find that out until probably weeks into the first investigation because the people who met him I think one of whom was a serving police officer on the squad didn't tell his colleagues that they met Daniel there the night before. So all of the indications are that he was set up at that place for the purpose of killing him and there was an investigation which you mentioned you've mentioned certain important details already Ash so I won't go over those but anyway many years later the then acting commissioner of the Metropolitan Police a man called Tim Godwin admitted in person in front of the Metropolitan Police Authority which was a governing body for the police at the GLA at the time that the first investigation had been tainted by corruption and that the powers that be had not faced up to this corruption for a very long time I think those were his words. Now this was in 2011 that Tim Godwin said this and it was refreshing to hear from the senior police officer that there had been corruption and I've already been shouting about that for 25 years you know but eventually they did agree that there had been corruption first inquired but I said at the same time I felt that the corruption had extended much further than that. So in terms of why I pressed that that's really it had gone on over several inquiries there had been what I would describe as suspicious activities in all of the inquiries whether by piece or outside the squad but inside the police let's speak or the news of the world. I want to come to the corruption in just a second because there's obviously so much and when I was looking through the reports of what had gone on it just seemed completely egregious to me but leaving that aside for just one second there have been lots of different motives which have been suggested for Daniel's murder one being a business dispute another being that he was about to sell a story which revealed police corruption involvement in drug dealing others sort of suggesting a tale of of jealousy could you just run through some of the big main theories about what happened? Those that you mentioned there right all of them it could be all of these things right I there are certain things I know or at least I'm perfectly satisfied in my own mind that I know the identities of the people who conspire to murder my brother I can't name them but I'm quite certain that I know who they are after following five investigations you know really closely as closely as I could then sorry Ash I'm kind of losing my thread here now she could help me back onto the onto the what you want again sorry about that don't don't worry about it don't worry about it one bit so I want to move on a little bit so about the motivations yeah that the motivations well I think for the for what I can only kind of deduce a certain amount from the way the police have lied for so long in this case you know I mean in the way they've been double dealing on lying for so long on so many things I can only I mean there were allegations of police involvement in the murder we can't get away from that and I have to say that I find them entirely plausible I can say nothing other than I will not say anything more than that however that you know hiding that if you like you know that's my my interpretation of the way police have been handling it you know on the one hand you have very very serious allegations on the other hand you have multiple multiple faulty or corrupt or inadequate or whatever you like to call it investigations you know and you think well how do you square up these two things and you know I mean I'm you know I can only that they will show me more you know a whole lot more detailed facts about how the police handle this case I will become privy to that eventually when I've read a volume as thick as my calf almost I'm sure it's 1200 pages you know a vast of the volume of information and dealing with a lot of complicated issues but what I am at least very hopeful of is that that that we will get to know the anatomy of the corruption the individual decision makers who did this when was that done etc etc etc and then make our own this is what the public will be given and the public are free to draw their own inferences or you know I mean there will be black certainly be black areas in the in the report or dark areas should we say where witnesses did chose not to speak to the panel or the panel thought it would not be worthwhile possibly speaking to certain people so put me in your shoes for a second so when did it become clear to you that the police investigation wasn't going as it ought to because I suppose lots of people would feel quite trusting that the police would do a good job with a murder they would get to the bottom of it and you could expect a basic degree of honesty when was it apparent that that wasn't happening well I felt unease about how what I was saying I went up to London the very the same morning that I learned of my brother's murder Daniel was murdered about nine o'clock in 9 30 in the evening and I found out about probably about five o'clock the next morning after which I very quickly made my way up to London and you know I was my mother you know just going back to my mother my mother told me this because she'd been contacted as Daniel was next to kin by her by the Metropolitan Police and they wouldn't tell her how he had done they only told her that he was dead but they wouldn't tell her what had happened to him and yet you know it was pretty damned obvious what had happened to him you know I mean if he's lying in the pub car park with an axe embedded in his skull to the depth of the brainstem then you know it's pretty obvious that he's been murdered and so the fact that they wouldn't tell me that was enough well that that was the first indication that hey why are they doing this and then I was interviewed by I went straight to the police because I had certain ideas or you know I thought this is a possible reason it was I can't go into it for legal reasons here I worked but I felt that they just weren't listening you know that they I mean the first interview I had I just learned that morning that my brother had been savagely murdered and I went into the police station at Sydenham where the incident room was and the first question that police asked me when I went in there I said I'm Daniel's brother I'd like to talk to the people on the team on the motor school I was introduced to a police officer and the first thing he did was he looked at me like this and he goes and what were you doing last night that was yeah that was the the first interaction I had with the police of my brother's murder that was that was what I called you know and you had to approach them you had to be the one to approach them saying I want to talk to you I wanted to help them I went there because I had certain ideas about the possible motive for my brother's murder and the people around the relationships he had with certain individuals in his close environment if you like and that was a reaction I thought and I mean it was incredibly exasperating humiliating irritating upsetting you know all of those things within the first you know so I felt immediately there I that I I wasn't welcome there in a sense you know I mean I they didn't want my help but I didn't leave them up you know I went back again the next night and I spoke to another officer and and then certain things happened an attempt was made to get me out of London by bringing up my sister-in-law's home telling the police I was getting in the way of the investigation and then I and then and then I found out a little while afterwards who had sent that message and then I just knew you know I knew that things were going very badly very badly wrong but this is Britain right and this is what I always say you know I mean if you if you if you've got serious concerns about the police and you go along to your to anybody well that's how it was with me then and started talking about that and it was like people were aghast you know that you can imagine that kind of thing oh you know it was another a different world to a certain extent right in in terms of public perception but now I see the same kind of how shall I put it bad manners right putting it no worse than bad manners from the British state and it's just well you know well let's let's move on to something which I think goes a bit further than bad manners because this was one of the details that really shocked me and it was that you have Sid Fillory who was originally a senior investigating officer on the case he was he wasn't the senior investigating but he was investigating he was a sergeant on the case a sergeant and a sergeant is a very central figure on a on a on any investigation you know he's controlling the troops on the ground if you actually see what I mean he's in a position of authority and significant power on a murder investigation so how did he go from that central position of authority as you describe it to then becoming co-director of Daniel's private investigations firm what was the process that happened there well I mean it was astonishing let's say you know we were absolutely blown away by watching this circus going on you know it was it was well it was shocking I laugh now at the you know grossness of it in a way and the stupidity of it and all the rest of it but the arrogance you know the all those things but that's what we got and it didn't matter who we talked to or who we complained about or who and I mean I've been unable to give you details in in certain instances hitherto ash right but you know people I would could speak to and join all of the dots together and say look at this this is it's crazy for them to say you know I mean you're going to let this kind of stuff go on you know no go please please tell us exemplary investigation you know this kind of huffy hoity toity English um conviction that nothing can possibly be wrong you know that kind of uh less the mentality of people that you were dealing with and I mean it was it was it was upsetting to say the least but you know you can't you can't make people react or you can't make them see if they don't want to or if there are reasons why they don't want to knowledge I mean one of the things that's astonishing about this case is that there have been five police investigations and during one of these investigations in 2008 five people I think were face charges there were four suspects in terms of the conspiracy to murder and there was subsidiary I think being charged with perverting the course of justice now all of these charges then collapsed um none of them resulted in convictions how how and why did that happen was it because the evidence they were being charged on was flimsy or was there something else going on in terms of the reliability of the testimony uh that secured those charges in the first place well I mean these are very difficult questions for me to answer I mean I do know that that it was an agonizing the pre-trial hearings went on for two and a half of two years you know we were told by the police in the beginning that they expected the defense to mount an abuse of process defense in the pre-trial and that the police expected to see that off in about three weeks so this is what we've told but as the case evolved and all of the previous corruption and competence and mixtures of these elements were all brought before the court the defendants were all saying well look it's all corrupt this is corrupt that's corrupt everything's corrupt blah blah you know and uh because the police had admitted corruption then uh everything was corrupt you know so that the way it had been handled from very beginning was was a deeply disturbing and be you know I mean it what it did was it virtually ensured that no future corruption or any future any future prosecution would be extremely difficult I mean I think active steps were taken early on to make sure that that would be the case you know this is my own view of it you know so I just want to move on a little bit to the involvement of the press because as I said earlier in the introduction this is a case which touches on almost every aspect of public life in this country so I was wondering if you could tell me a little bit about the role that the news of the world had in the investigations into Daniel's murder well I mean I think at this point I need to correct a small detail of what you said early on and that was that Daniel and his partner made a living when they were you know when Daniel was alive made a living from selling stories to the press well I don't know how far Jonathan Reese might have done that at that time I mean this is what Pam has been looked into but that was certainly not Daniel's MO if you like he was a private investigator he investigated car ringing gangs and insurance frauds and this kind of thing that was what he did he I think through his partner he came into contact with a lot of police officers now my brother was never a fan of the police you know he he he came into contact with them looked quite a lot but I remember him saying to me very shortly before he was killed in his office he I was with him alone in his office at the time in Thornton Heath and he said to me the the discussion went round to came around to him and he said to me he went up to the window he looked out of the window and I can see he was chewing his lower lip which he did when he was stressed you know it was like a stress thing when he used to do and I said what's the matter Dan and he said Alistair they're all over the place down here this is what he was talking about corruption right he said Alistair they are all over the place down here and then he complained on the Sunday before his murder to some colleagues or friends in the Aston Heath no the Austin Healy Club because his hobby was restoring old sports to old classic cars you know that's what he's relaxation you know and he complained he told them about he was that he was worried about corruption I won't go into detail but he was worried about his partner and then he came back on the Sunday before he was murdered I think no that this was the Sunday before he was murdered at the car club on the Thursday the preceding Thursday he'd come home parked his car and there was an old lady who they had an old lady neighbor and they used to look after her cats or something she went away that kind of thing right and he said oh hello Doris or something he was getting out of his car and she was in the garden or something he said hello Doris how are you and she you know the conversation short conversation he said you'll never guess what I found out today Doris he said and he said all police and bastards was what he said and then you know he was dead a couple of days later dead you know I mean and then of course the allegations of police involvement I had nothing to do you know I didn't make those allegations even though early on I began to suspect this right I'd begun to suspect this very early on in the first investigation and of course that is a very scary feeling you know you think god what do I you know what do I got my screen what what where am I here you know how did I hear and that's but that's what it was you know so one of the one of the people we've mentioned is Jonathan Reese who was his business partner and by the time of Daniel's murder it the relationship had broken down it was very adversarial it seems just to familiarize our audience with Jonathan Reese let's talk about him a little bit more in the in the year 2000 Jonathan Reese was found guilty of conspiring to plant cocaine on an innocent woman in order to discredit her in a child custody battle he was sentenced to seven years imprisonment for attempting to pervert the course of justice but then after his release he was hired by the then editor of the news of the world Andy Coulson Andy Coulson you might know went on to become the director of communications in Downing Street under David Cameron and so using a network of corrupt police officers Reese's role was to obtain information on public figures such as confidential data from bank accounts telephone records car registration details and computers and in the year tooth 2011 Andy Coulson ended up having to resign over the phone hacking scandal and he was then arrested by the Metropolitan Police he was jailed for 18 months for his role in phone hacking so what I want to ask you is do you think that these links between police corruption top journalists and then the very highest levels of politics have been why successive governments have been so ineffective in a tackling the worst practices of the tabloid press and be driving the investigation into your brother's death forward and securing some kind of resolution for it well this is a huge question isn't it you know I'm hoping the panel will provide more shed more light on that and obviously it looms large you know for anyone I mean the tentacles of this case creep everywhere and it's you know I mean I in the beginning I knew something really terrible and bad was going on but you know over the years as I've learned more about who is involved here either tangentially or whatever you know it just looks uglier and more insanitary is probably the right word for it I mean so this panel the Daniel Morgan panel was set up by Theresa May way back in 2013 why do you think it's taken eight years for the report to see the light of day well I mean I can I it's very difficult for me to go to detail here because I don't know there are some things that I know that I can't legitimately talk about but my perception has been that the Metropolitan Police have used every possible means of delaying making it harder you know for this panel to complete its work that's been my own experience and indeed at one point I had to go to the mayor's office for crime policing and say to them look I mean please help us we are you know we've come to it the police are blocking the way here and they will not make relevant decisions they will not they're blocking the progress in this panel will you help us and I think we know a sharp letter was written possibly and some questions asked and then miraculously the barriers kind of disappeared on that particular case on that particular instance but I mean it's I'm sure that this has been going you know I can only speculate but I mean I do know of an absence I cannot yet talk about but it's yeah undoubtedly the police have delayed the progress in this report well pretty Patel has had it sitting on her desk for a few weeks now and the panel expected that would be published within one working day of her getting it so her reason for the delay was that it had to be vetted for reasons of national security do you buy that explanation now first of all the panel is led by a very experienced person in the form of Baroness Nullo alone who's led who was the police ombudsman in North Ireland and conducted an inquiry into the Omaha bombings over there and I mean national security would be something that she would naturally be pretty o-fay with with her background in a kind of dangerous place like Northern Ireland and first of all is that then the fact that the panel has independent legal advice right it has a QC to whom it can go and say well we want to know about the legality of this and that or what's your take on this what's your view on this you know and thirdly the the the fact that the government that they were using the government's best known legal firm in terms of public inquiries the government has there's a legal firm called Field Fisher who handled huge or have handled large numbers of public inquiries and they are also advisers to you know the panel that they can go to them for advice and the idea that national security or article two that is the right to life in the European Convention on Human Rights as article two it means that you know they have to be cautious about endangering anyone by what they write in their report you know and that those in fact the police had five senior officers working on it for 10 days or something looking or looking for this sort of fault you know potential fault and you know and I mean I don't think Pretty Patel is even a lawyer so I mean I don't know where she's getting these sort of bizarre views or and I mean what she's done the way she's handled this intervening at the last minute you know and and then not seeming to have any idea what she's been doing while she's it just arouses further suspicion you know you can't it's unavoidable you think well I'm now my biggest concern now is that people other than those who are legally entitled to see the report now may be looking at it you know it may be in their hands I don't know and she invites this kind of suspicion through her cack-handed actions I mean you've also been going through this process for you know 34 years now and one of the things that really struck me is is what that must do to you in terms of your faith in institutions so from your perspective what do you think the report has to cover in order for it to have credibility in your eyes um it has to cover all of the issues that we've been talking about in a coherent and probing and questioning and you know scrutinizing way um it's huge this report is as you know as I say so 1200 page report and we're being asked you know just as a by the by now we're being asked to get to a certain venue at a early ish on the morning of the 15th you know well I had sort of a couple of hours briefing and maybe an hour or two to look at the report this vast report yeah and then be expected to comment on it in a relatively coherent way before the press that same day you know and I mean we're currently trying to negotiate better you know more time for us to absorb what's being said there but uh I don't think we haven't had much uh uh you know like hey give us a publish it a couple of hours later in parliament and give us a couple more hours to you know to look at it and absorb what they what what it says to it to a to the degree that you can in such a short space of time you know but I think they're they don't seem to be very kind of helpful they never be you know this British I mean apart from ordering this inquiry um the British state has been a pain in the neck you know most of the time for the for those these 34 years I mean I suppose it's a same story played out with Hillsborough or grief everything the Lawrence family got put through um in the investigation of Stephen Lawrence's murder one thing that I really want to say is that there's a lot of love and support for you Alastair in the chat from our viewers this evening and one of the things that um I know people have been wanting to ask is how can they help in the family's ongoing campaign to secure justice for your brother well I mean if they if they feel engaged enough to I mean there are so many ways they can engage on social media they can engage by say ringing their MP or writing to their MP and wanting to say look you know uh you should be looking hard at this you know keep patelle on you know pretty patelle on on you know on her toes with what she's been doing here because you know what I've seen is this you know miasma of suspicion and the develop all around these institutions and they just is not a healthy environment it's not an environment that I want to be in the world to think of as being the way my home country operates you know it's a very uncomfortable and unpleasant feeling you know the sooner I feel more happy about what's going on here you know it's like what is and a lot of other people too the sooner that we feel more at ease and more confident in our government and our institutions the better it can't come sooner Well Alistair thank you so much for joining us this evening and as I said this is a huge case it touches on practically every facet of public life from government the police to the press and if you want to find out more about this story and I really encourage you to find out more as we said before make sure to read Alistair's book Untold or listen to the podcast form the report is due to come out next Tuesday the 15th of June so keep an eye out for that as well I'm sure we'll be covering it on Tiskey Sour please let us know your thoughts in the comments below we will be talking about this as I said again next week once the report is released thank you so much for joining us this evening thank you Alistair goodbye thank you very much bye


Glenn Jacobs, also known as WWE superstar Kane, is our guest this week. He's not only a tremendous performer and athlete, but also a tremendous intellectual, a voracious reader, a dedicated Rothbardian, and a great friend of the Mises Institute. Glenn explains his journey to libertarianism and Austrian economics, how he approaches the business end of professional wrestling, and how Kane stays fit for his most demanding role. Ladies and gentlemen, welcome back once again to Mises Weekends. I'm your host, Jeff Deist. And as mentioned in the introduction, we're very pleased to be joined today by none other than Glenn Jacobs. So, Glenn, how are you this weekend? Doing great, Jeff. How are you? Well, I couldn't be better. And it's interesting, reading some of your biographical background, I've noticed that it looks like you don't have an official bio that you've written or a book that's in bookstores for us. But just Wikipedia is a font of knowledge. And apparently, Glenn, you grew up in an Air Force family. So I'd be interested in knowing your background. Were your parents particularly ideological or political? And what sort of influence did they have on you? Sure. My dad actually retired from the Air Force when I was four years old. So I didn't necessarily grow up in an Air Force family, per se. My brother and sister, who are older than I am, did. They went to like, gosh, like eight or 10 different elementary schools or something like that. But, you know, it's interesting because my parents, I don't know if they were particularly ideological, but I do remember one of my earliest memories is being in the car with my parents and we were driving somewhere, of course, and looking up at the power lines that had been, you know, the high tension power lines, the high voltage lines. And they were cut right across someone's field. And I remember my parents talking about how terrible in the domain was, you know. So that was one of my earliest memories. And my folks were sort of, I guess, like old school conservatives that they didn't really trust big government, you know, they weren't libertarian, per se. But certainly they were sort of of that sort of, I guess, goldwaterish conservatism. So Glenn, according to your wiki, it looks like you played basketball in high school and then football in college, where you were an English major. Now, I'm just interested, were you recruited as an athlete to college and did you have any inkling then that you could one day make a living as a professional athlete? Well, as a kid, that's sort of what I wanted to do, of course. Yeah, I was recruited. Unfortunately, I played basketball in high school, I did not play football. And unfortunately, I injured myself pretty severely in my senior year of basketball. I broke my ankle and I was out for about half the season. So I ended up going to a small school, Quincy College, which is now Quincy University. And I played basketball there and then I ended up transferring to Northeast Missouri State University, which is now Truman State University. And it's in Kirksville, Missouri, close to the Iowa border. I didn't lift weights in high school playing basketball because that was still back in the time when there was this thought that you'd get muscle bound and wouldn't be able to move that well, which of course is complete bunk. But in any case, I started lifting weights between my senior year in high school, my freshman year in college, and I ended up putting on like 30 pounds. And I graduated high school and I weighed like 225 or 230 pounds. By the time I graduated from college, I was well over 300 pounds. And if I'm running up and down the basketball court at like 280 pounds and just what am I doing? And the football coach talked to me like, well, let's go play football. And I did. And because of the skills from basketball, I was a good athlete, you know, for especially for that size. And I ended up getting some interest from the NFL. Unfortunately, again, I had a very bad injury to my left knee in my senior year of playing football, and that sort of ended my football career. And at that point, I didn't know what I wanted to do, but I knew that I didn't really want to get a real job. So I started with a local group with wrestling and it's a lot of fun because the wrestling combines the athleticism, but also with theatrics, of course. And it was it was just a blast. And I guess the rest of history. Since you raised the topic of some of your training, do you do traditional weight lifting regimes like squats and deadlifts? Do you do body weight exercises? Do you have a particular diet that you follow? Can you just tell us a little bit about how you stay fit for your character? Sure. My diet would probably be considered a paleo diet. I what I do is five or six days a week. I keep my protein and fats high and my carbohydrates as low as possible. And then one day a week, I just eat sort of a conventional diet. As far as my weight training goes, yeah, I do more conventional weight training, you know, with the squats and the deadlifts and bench press. I don't do as many free weights as I used to because I'm just getting older and I don't go on to take a chance of injury. So I do more stuff on machines now. I have not participated in the CrossFit craze. I think that'd be really good, but I just haven't talked myself into it yet. So at this point, I still do a conventional workout, but I work out five, six days a week. I'm of the mind that as long as you're getting in there and doing something, you know, you're making progress, at least maintaining what you have. I'd like to ask you a little bit about just the sheer physicality of Professor Essling. I think people understand the strength and the physique elements, but I'd noticed we're roughly the same age. I wonder how you maintain the mobility and flexibility for such a demanding job. I think a lot of that actually still has to do with the weight training. As I mentioned earlier, back in 20 years ago, 30 years ago, people thought that you'd become muscle-bound by lifting weight. That's the exact opposite. You actually keep your flexibility because if you train weights through your full range of motion, it strengthens that entire range of motion for the muscles and the ligaments as well in attendance. So I actually attribute a lot of that to weight training. I don't stretch nearly as much as I should. That's sort of a goal of mine to start doing that more in the future. But the future is only the day away, it seems like. But I would attribute that part of it to the weight training again. What we do is pretty physically demanding. It's not like we just go out there and dance around. I mean, we're hitting each other pretty hard and running across the ring and all that sort of stuff, and it is. And I do have to stay in good shape, especially for my style, you know, because even though I'm a bigger guy, I still try to maintain a high level of athleticism in the ring. And I've been doing that for quite a while. So yeah, it's very important for me to stay in the best shape that I possibly can. Well, shifting gears slightly here to your intellectual development. You know, you spoke a couple of years back, Glenn, on Fox Business, about your journey to liberty. And in that interview, you mentioned the work of Murray Rothbard having a particular influence on you. So I was hoping you might elaborate a little bit for us. How do you become particularly interested in Austrian economics and find out about the Mises Institute? I'd always been interested in politics, unfortunately. Even through high school and then beyond. But I never felt like I aligned with, quote, unquote, either side of the political spectrum in either the left or the right, because I agreed with the left on some things. We disagreed with someone other things and vice versa with the right same thing. And eventually a friend of mine, actually a fellow wrestler, mentioned the term libertarian, so you sound like a libertarian. And I always joke. I was like, man, you don't need to call my names. OK, we don't want to get into a fight here, right? Because I had no idea what the term libertarian meant. So I did some research and I found the libertarian party and that's actually was my first exposure to libertarianism. And I'm one of those people, once I get interested in something, I have to learn like everything about it. And then it was the same way with my philosophical development. You know, as I went from the libertarian party being my portal to liberty, my portal to this entire world on the other side. And then, of course, I came upon the works of backup for a second. Excuse me. I guess I followed through the path or the path a lot of people take, you know, started with I don't even remember, you know, who, but as I delve deep down the rabbit hole, I got to the more and more radical works. And then I got to my Rothbard and there's the old saying you just can't argue with him because all of his arguments are bulletproof. I mean, every objection that you bring up, Rothbard pretty much destroys. And for me, that was it. I was like, yeah, this is this guy knows what he's talking about. And really for me, too, once I began to understand the action of nonaggression and the fact that the idea of self ownership and that sort of thing, once I got that philosophical grounding because I'm what I would call an ad hoc libertarian. I mean, I would look at the issues and say, yeah, I think the libertarians are out at this, I think they're out about that. I don't know about this because if I agree with some of that. But once you get to that philosophical grounding of it's all based on our interpersonal relationships and as people, we don't have the right to impose our will upon other people through violence. We'll need it as a state, need it as the government. Once you reach that particular conclusion, it's like the misclear is up. And you're like, oh, I understand now. And even some of the things that I may disagree with personally, I can't say that people should or should not do those things because of their choice. And as long as they're not hurting anybody else with those choices, it's really up to them. And once I came to that conclusion, like I said, it was it was just all over with and just a long way. Some of the people that I really began to respect. Started, I started seeing this term Austrian economics and so on from Ron Paul and of course from Rothbard. I did not, I was not introduced to Rothbard through Austrian economics. That's the vice versa. I started reading Rothbard for his political philosophy. Then that's when I got interested in Austrian economics. And again, it was the same thing. Now, once you start reading about Austrian economics and you understand that economics is not about numbers, but it's about people. It's not human action. Everything becomes clear to you. I never took a course in economics in college because I'm not really interested in math. My sister's a mathematician. She actually is a rocket scientist who works for NASA for a while. But she inherited that gene. I did not. So I had absolutely no interest in economics until I discovered Austrian economics. I was like, Oh, OK. So what we're talking about here is, duh, it's about people. And again, you know, it was all over at that point. And I just dealt in as deep as I possibly could. It's interesting. You're not just a dill atant, though. I mean, from what I've seen, this is a serious interest for you. And I must imagine that you spent a lot of long hours on the road reading on your own time. But I've seen videos of you giving lengthy, elaborate talks on Austrian economics and expositions of the Fed and so forth. This is really, really seems like a passion for you. Well, it is. I think the one thing and I think a lot of folks who's in this podcast would agree with me, the one thing that we could do that would have a profound impact upon our country and, of course, the world would be to expose the Fed for what it is. It is a cartel, you know, and to push for market money, whether that's, you know, a government gold standard, which is OK. But, you know, optimally, the actual free market determining what money is that would be the most important thing politically that could be done. You know, I tell people all the time, taxation doesn't really matter that much because if the federal government is just able to print money willy-nilly like it is, it doesn't matter. They're always going to they're always going to have that at their their disposal.  Taxation is a problem, but the real problem of the spending and all the interventions and the spending that the government does and how that distorts the market, that becomes a big problem, too. So that really has become a passion of mine because I do believe that the Fed is the root of all evil in our country and in our world today. You mentioned Ron Paul. At some point, you became involved in the 2008 Ron Paul Revolution. Now, did he reach out to you or did you reach out to him or tell us about your relationship with Ron? Actually, neither of us reached out to each other. We just we just sort of found each other. I was a supporter and some of the stuff, I guess, that I was saying got on the Internet. And of course, I know some people that know Dr. Paul and introduced me to them and things just went from there. But, you know, that was, again, a product of the Internet. And, you know, the Internet's probably the greatest thing that's happened to Liberty ever, because I wouldn't be where I am philosophically if it wasn't for the Internet, because I would have just never known, you know, and the resources that are available on the Internet from places like the Mises Institute just would have been available to me. So that's just, you know, it's just a wonderful, wonderful thing is the Internet, you know, and it's brought me to become friends with so many people from around the world, really, who are philosophically aligned with me. Before the Ron Paul Revolution, I lived in East Tennessee and I was pretty sure that I was the only libertarian within a couple hundred mile radius. And all of a sudden I found out that there's a lot more of this than I think we all realized. And it's just wonderful and great. And, you know, not only have I been able to meet folks that I respect on a political and philosophical level, but also people have become very good friends of mine. Glenn, wrestling fans are generally viewed as coming from red states. Their NASCAR fans are solid of the earth types. And they're often viewed perhaps dismissively by the political class. So when you travel in the United States to do your shows, do you have a sense of optimism for the Liberty movement here? Are people looking for something outside the two party box? Yes, the problem is that people are so busy working and trying to provide for the families and just trying to get ahead in this horrible paradigm that's been built that folks are busy and they just don't have time. And they don't realize the options that are available to them. You know, and of course, this public education system being at the mercy of the state, the state having a monopoly on that. It's very hard for folks to break those paradigms. I'm a big fan of Richard Mayberry, who writes the early warning report. And maybe there is the first person that I read to talk about models, you know, models or these paradigms that we create in our mind of how the world works. And unfortunately, so many people have had the status paradigm indoctrinated into them, just beaten to their heads that it's very hard for them to look at Liberty and realize that it's not only viable option, but it's the best option. But nevertheless, people, people are disgusted. You know, they're repulsed. I think the reason that a lot of people aren't more active is because as Mayberry says, you know, when they look at Washington, D.C., they see a cesspool and decent people don't become involved with tax for the thing. So, you know, I am optimistic because, you know, the market is simply remarkable. I was one of those folks in 2008, I was like, oh, man, this is probably the whole thing is going to fall apart. But we survived. And the reason we survived is because the free market is so resilient. And despite the fact that they have all these interventions and all these horrible things that happen, nevertheless, people find a way to overcome the obstacles that the state puts in the way. So in that regard, yes, I am optimistic. And I do think the people are looking for an alternative. I don't think that many of them have really been exposed to the Liberty alternatives at this point, maybe a little bit, but not as much as they should have. And it's our job in the future, of course, with folks like you and the Mesa Institute to do the work that needs to be done in that regard with education. Well, you've talked about how many of your colleagues in professional wrestling are actually highly intelligent. They're business people like yourself. Have you made any converts to Liberty amongst your colleagues, other wrestlers? Yeah, I've had a few, actually. What's interesting about us is we're independent contractors, which means that the company does not pay our taxes. So all of the guys have to file quarterly returns and have to write a check to the internal revenue service. And nothing will bring your religion faster than writing a check to the IRS. So that's always a good time for me to talk to people is when those checks go out, you know, and of course, a couple of the guys have had run-ins. They thought that they did everything right and found out that the rules changed. And that sort of thing. So, yeah, I have been able to convert a few guys. Well, one last question as we let you go. You mentioned that professional wrestlers are independent contractors. So in that sense, they're akin to PGA tour players and their relationship with the PGA tour.  You've got a brand to worry about. You have estimated tax payments. You presumably have agents, promoters, contracts, endorsements. And then apparently on top of all this, you have a wife, you have some children, you have an insurance business. Does it ever become overwhelming to keep the brand that the business known as Cain together? Yeah, that is actually I never seem to have enough time. Luckily, my wife is really good at helping me with, you know, stuff, especially like with the insurance agency. But nevertheless, yeah, it does it does get overwhelming at times. I would sort of like to spend more time at home on generally gone four to five days a week. And that's that's the hardest part of what I do is the travel. You know, when people say that wrestling is hard on your body. Well, I don't find it hard on my body. Actually, I do the travel. And of course, the mental aspect of it. So, yeah, sometimes it's overwhelming. But nevertheless, I've been very fortunate to have the opportunities that I've had. And I'm very thankful for that. So I wouldn't trade it for anything. Glenn Jacobs, thank you so much for your time this weekend. And also thank you for being a great friend to the Mises Institute. Ladies and gentlemen, have a great weekend.


My name is Ernie Bach, Jr., and I am president and CEO of Subaru of New England. And I am proud to be in the great state of Vermont. I have a house in Vermont. I have a house in Mendon, Vermont. I love it. It's fantastic. Subaru is dedicated to Vermont. The most Subaru sold per capita in the world is Vermont, with 15% penetration. We have been selling the second largest amount of Subaru's for the last 15 years. Subaru in Vermont is the second best-selling car. The only manufacturer that beats Subaru in Vermont is Toyota. But we're getting close, and we want to show our commitment to Vermont. And to show the commitment to the Vermont, I'm going to introduce a gentleman who I've known over the years. He's a good guy. Ladies and gentlemen, please welcome Governor Scott. I thought he was going to introduce someone else. Thank you very much, Ernie, and I want to express my sincere appreciation to you and Subaru of New England for your commitment to our beautiful state and willing to step up to help in our time of need. This incredibly generous contribution that we're, he hasn't announced yet, but I will, will help support a wide range of Vermonters who were hard hit by catastrophic flooding. It will also keep Vermont the clean and beautiful place we know and love, and as we welcome visitors to support our economy and communities. This will be a $250,000 contribution that is going to be this incredibly generous contribution of $250,000. It's going to be impactful in so many ways. First, we'll be using the $100,000 of it to support the fall version of Greenup Day. And we're going to call it Flood Recovery Cleanup Day, which will be Saturday, August 26. And more on that in a few minutes. Second, another $100,000 will go to support those who live in mobile homes impacted by flooding. We're working out the final details of the program, but when I told Ernie about the situation, some mobile home owners were in due to flooding. He agreed with me that no Vermonter whose mobile home was destroyed should have to pay for the deconstruction and removal of it, which would add insult to injury. And this contribution will cover those costs. And if there's any funds left over, we'll issue grants to help those in further need. Third, the remaining $50,000 will go toward the Vermont Strong License Plate Fund, which will also support businesses and individuals impacted by flooding. A little bit of news on the plates. We expect the website to go live by the end of next week, so you'll be able to order Vermont Strong plates very soon, so stay tuned. Next, we'll hear from Kate Alberghini, the Executive Director of Greenup Vermont, who will go into further details about August 26. To be clear, the state will continue to work with communities to remove flood debris, and in fact, we've already removed 5,700 tons to date and still counting. And when you do the math, that's a lot. That's 11,700 pounds, 11 million 700,000 pounds of debris. Cleanup Day on Saturday the 26th will be another opportunity for Vermonters to help communities get back to normal. It will be similar to Greenup Day, with Ernie and Subaru of New England have supported, which they have supported over many, many years. After Tropical Storm Irene, there are many who canceled their trips to Vermont, as you might recall, and decided to vacation elsewhere. We want to prevent that from happening this year. We know much of Vermont relies on tourism to support our local economy. So Cleanup Day will help make sure we continue to be the most beautiful state in the nation and show that we're open for business and ready to welcome people back to our state, which will help us get back on track. So again, I want to thank Ernie and everyone at Subaru of New England and all the dealers here in Vermont that are represented. I think there are seven. There's eight, but I got to tell you, this program that you develop with the money is amazing. And we were talking about how the schools have problems sometimes funding music programs. What I would like to do right now is add another $100,000 to the music programs and the art programs in the state of Vermont. Well, again, that's incredibly generous and a very, very much welcome surprise, something that we hadn't talked about. But we have a few other issues that we need to talk about as well. So we'll keep on talking. Again, I want to thank you Ernie and your entire team here in Vermont for all you've done to support us in our time of need. And this is going to be a long road. This isn't going to be, we're not going to recover overnight, but with your help and the support of many Vermonters, we'll get through it because we work together. We'll get through it together. So thank you again. Thank you. Appreciate it. So at this point, I can't welcome you up to explain the program. Thank you, Governor Scott, all the support that everyone gives screen up and certainly Mr. Mock and the Subaru of New England team. That's a hard act to follow. I am pleased to stand here and tell you about this special flood recovery cleanup that Greenup, Vermont and Subaru of New England and all cities and towns have teamed together to make happen on Saturday, August 26. What we're doing basically is reaching out to all cities and towns throughout Vermont and seeing who needs assistance in their public spaces to clean up litter, flood litter that has leached into their areas. Road sides, parks, waterways that are safe to go into right now will all be part of this program. We are reaching out then to attract volunteers and build teams around these locations throughout Vermont so that people can go to a location near them, know what's expected, be boots on the ground and get these areas cleaned up in time for our fall visitors and our winter visitors to arrive. Vermonters are steeped in pride for this state and our clean environment, our natural landscapes that we all get to live, work and play in. So it's very important to take the initiative on, make this happen and get Vermont cleaned up in time for the fall. Towns and cities should contact Greenup, Vermont through our email greenupvermont, greenupatgreenupvermont.org as well as call the numbers that are on the website. So we ask please visit the website, reach out. Volunteers are also asked to visit the website. Have a look at the towns that are in need of your hands and help and sign up. We have a Greenup Vermont app that can be downloaded and that app will allow towns to be in contact with the team members immediately so that details can change on a dime so that people can be directed in the proper areas. So all that can be found on greenupvermont.org and we look forward to getting out there on Saturday, August 26 and cleaning up Vermont. Thank you very much, Kate. And it's going to be very important for us, a tight time frame. We know that about 10 days away and so we'll need all your support from the media to get the word out of what we're doing here and any questions get to Greenup Vermont to get those answered and we'll do the best we can to get this rolling. I just wanted to, again, it was a complete surprise to me the 100,000 for the music programs throughout Vermont and we'll figure out how to disperse all that money but it was just as a result of Ernie saying what can we do to help in the arts and with some of the learning loss and socialization loss that Vermont kids have experienced due to the pandemic. And I said, well, they're always underfunded especially the music programs and arts and theater and so forth. And he said, well, I might do something about that in about five minutes. So again, complete surprise to me but giving a little background Ernie graduated from Berkeley and actually had a band it was called the Ernie and the Automatics and I was telling my press secretary yesterday that Ernie actually opened up for Deep Purple and he said, Deep what? As I'm sure some others in the group here might be saying as well but they were a pretty famous band at one time, maybe a few years ago but his love of music and his love of Vermont to fruition for us and this is incredibly generous and I thank you so much for that. With that, I'm sure you have some questions for us either Kate or Ernie or myself on anything we're doing today or anything we announced. $100,000 of Ernie's donation is going to go toward Greenup Day? $100,000 will go towards the mobile home those affected by the flooding. So it'll be Cleanup Day some of it will go towards Cleanup Day as well but the mobile home deconstruction will come first out of the $100,000 and then from there there'll be other grants available same with the Cleanup Day of Vermont that'll go towards the day itself and then we'll determine what we can do if there's anything left over we'll determine where we go with that and make sure that we continue to view five Vermont in any way we can. Anything you want to add to that, Kate? Some of the mobile homes for folks that are currently displaced right now a few weeks ago you mentioned bringing in units from the federal government where do you stand? Yeah, we're still contemplating that and I might ask Will, is Will here? I might ask Will to describe some of what FEMA will offer in that regard but first we have to get the in some respects get the deconstruction of those the mobile homes that were condemned and unable to be returned to taken care of but we have some options for those who've been displaced they have available a number of programs and I'll let General Roy talk about that. Thank you, sir. Good afternoon. So for the families that are currently displaced they are authorized rental assistance so they've found a place to go or they're with friends and family not sure where. The state of Vermont has requested direct housing from FEMA we're awaiting word from headquarters whether that's approved or not that program allows us to provide assistance when there isn't a rental stock available and we know Vermont has a very tight market for rentals but currently anybody who has been affected by their home has been affected by the storm has rental assistance I think there's over a thousand people right now who are receiving rental assistance from FEMA and they have that available up to 18 months so those who have been impacted have the funding available if we run into short stockage full places to go that's where we typically bring in the FEMA trailers which are well known and we'll work with the state on appropriate locations states and individuals on locations to go in some cases we can if they have a flood at home and they have a location that's not on a floodplain and it has access to sewer and electrical we can place a unit there with the governor and the communities and individuals on appropriate locations if that becomes part of the solution what you see is a timeline on the determination we expect within the next week we'll have an answer from headquarters general after the Maui fires FEMA came out with a top line number of what it thought the damage was from that disaster top line number yet out of FEMA about what you think the flooding or have I missed it we've discussed before looking at the total number of people who have been impacted by that what will happen is we continue to work with them on a rental assistance and that's really what's fulfilling the need right now for those who have been displaced from their homes and as I mentioned there's over a thousand people right now who are receiving rental assistance still staying in a location that was impacted and receive rental assistance the question is how many people are going to look for a a long term permanent location to be at up to 18 months but I don't think I'm answering the question properly estimated total damages of the flooding to Vermont if you know I don't know that we've got over 500 families or 500 people working with right now who have either destroyed or substantially damaged homes if that helps I think you're not asking about a dollar amount right? I am I don't have that for you we can see that we have something close to that but right now I don't have that exact number for you on requested direct housing does that mean Vermont has requested FEMA trailers or so direct housing there's a number of different programs incorporating that multi family locations locations that have either three or more units so that FEMA can lease for those is one of the options a direct lease where we can find locations to lease for people or the mobile homes or recreational vehicles for all options on the table could you confirm for us whether or not the window for the first disaster application is actually closed now that folks in Addison County didn't make it and the possibility of a second application? Yes sir so I can confirm that the incident period has closed on the 17th of July I can confirm that Addison County didn't meet the indicators required to be declared as a count of our individual assistance does it strike you a little odd that a geographical line will determine assistance that you can go a quarter mile across the Addison County line in the Brooklyn County and that person is covered? the nature of it is that the way the law regulations and policy are written we actually work by the county and so it's based upon the county line is the way it operates what's the law that you were talking about last week you know maybe try to have another application is that likely? there's two things I want to add to what was just mentioned by General Roy the period they have notifies the period is closed we respectfully disagree and are asking them to reopen it at that point in time it's up to them whether they reopen it and consider some of our arguments for support during a longer period of time if they disagree at that point we can formally appeal then and we'll see where it goes at the same time we're accumulating all of the damage that was done in Addison County specifically in the August storms as well so we'll see if there's another declaration at that point we believe and again we'll make this argument that everything is connected even though there are different storm systems the first storm really created a lot of havoc in terms of culverts and so forth and the saturation of the water and the ground level and so at that point we feel that even storms that weren't as significant as the first created just as much damage as a result and just the accumulation of many different storm systems but repeated over days and again we're going to determine whether we can meet the threshold for another declaration for Addison County as well can I miss anything there in the process of figuring out if you do have to file an appeal is that process at the same place it was last week when we spoke to you or has anything happened nothing has happened in that regard they came to their determination to close the period we were notified of that I think yesterday maybe the day before and so at this point we're going to be formally requesting to reopen that and it isn't an appeal it's more reopening that decision and then then go from there I don't know it's on their time frame this is in regard to the degree what the state's long term environment is concerned regarding the degree and the importance of getting certain degrees cleaned up first on the 26 well I'm sorry what was the last part I guess it seems like a primary focus of certain degrees that need to be cleaned up on the 26 by a certain degree I mean we're trying we would like to get most of the degree picked up by the end of the month by the end of August and that includes all the degree we've seen in Barry and Montpelier and as an aside when we look at the totals of the tonnage of debris it's now I'm going to it's about 1600 tons I believe in Montpelier the debris has like 3,700 tons that we've picked up already so that number is continuing to grow the most significant amount is in the Barry area I haven't heard that there is a capacity issue there at this point Governor of all the needs in the state right now how do you determine or did Ernie determine that $100,000 towards the mobile home demolition and removal cost was the best way to to spend this money? well again that's an unmet need it's something we found after Irene that all the costs depend you know with FEMA will determine how much damage they had and if they can't go back into their and it depends on the value of the mobile home itself from there they're still responsible for deconstruction of that home and moving it off from the rented space so that's not included anywhere that's not something that FEMA reimburses for so that's when we came and put a program together after Irene to take care of that and we want to do something similar this time around because it's just again for those who are impacted and really struggling this is just an added expense that they don't need and was that a recognition that the amount that FEMA is going to cap the reimbursements to these people is almost certain to not be enough for them to replace their units? regardless the cap for FEMA is $40,000 that's all in but that's not what they reimburse, they reimburse the value of the structure itself so if you have a mobile home that's worth it's older, it's worth $7,000-$8,000 so that doesn't come close to replacement and then you add the costs of $3,000-$4,000 to dispose, deconstruct and dispose of the unit then all the money is gone so we wanted to do whatever we could to support that knowing that it's not enough so you don't need that $100,000 to make very well support about 20 or 25 or so I think we can do it I think we can take care of all of them with that amount of money because we're also going to leverage some of other organizations for support whether it's equipment to do it and things have changed a little bit we're able to FEMA will be taking care of the debris itself if we can move it to the right-of-way so that's changed from Irene it'll help we can do with a more efficient process Governor, the White House has submitted a I think $12 billion FEMA supplemental that comes into consideration they come back from their August recess I'm wondering whatever money Vermont gets from that will it be also liable for the same kinds of restrictions that FEMA finds that are available now or do you think they have more flexibility in the use of that money? I think they have to be more added to the supplemental bill by our congressional delegation to give us the flexibility to fully recover from this or partially recover from this so I know they're still working on it this was just I think the president decided to put the resources towards making sure that FEMA is whole but we're hopeful that the delegation will make some inroads to try and come up with more resources, dollars to take care of some other ongoing needs Governor, the sense or maybe updated the sense of how some of Vermont's homeless population is comparing during this crisis and are they eligible for FEMA relief funds as well? We did not distinguish between those who needed assistance because of the flooding they were displaced from their homes from those who were homeless before so they were able to come to the emergency shelters in all the communities that we had set those up we have currently due to lack of participation been able to put those on not completely closed but on standby and so we're not seeing we weren't seeing the need at that point in time from either those displaced from their home or the homeless population to utilize that those emergency shelters so I we have the general assistance program that is still in effect so we're doing all we can to help out I understood and do you know if let's just say somebody's pent and camping here and everything we've watched the wedding is that eligible for a reimbursement for FEMA? I don't I don't know I'll let General Roy if their personal belongings were impacted by the storm yes they are eligible for reimbursement from FEMA is that is that an application process in different ways no we have means by which people can apply for that or our DRCs we have nine DRCs all over the state and I think Governor as far as cleanup day how is the state going to make sure that aid is dispersed equitably like Barry and Montpelier are the classic example of volunteer effort being very disparate? I'm going to let Kate I think she's going to use their structure under green up day to use all of their resources to determine what's needed in the community and then use Sir Vermont as well to try and work together and take care of as much as needed as possible so we're asking towns to step forward that have the need some towns don't and that's great right but we're asking those towns to step forward we are promoting that this is public space litter the litter that's cleaned up will be public space not construction or flood debris and we will make sure that everyone is placed appropriately we will handle the disposal fees of that public space litter if there is money left over we will make sure that it is used in a way that helps other towns that might be in need with various other projects but all flood recovery public space litter related I think as well as a day of service in some respect to your community and it could be for anything that you might see that needs some assistance I was down on route 2 going out of Mt. Pilier towards Middlesex and I saw the debris had been picked up on a lot of the residents along the way but there's still debris left so I'm thinking let's get a rake ask the homeowner if they'd like you to clean that up and just present it a little bit better get them beyond the impact of the flooding so they can move forward but it can be as myopic as that it could be a neighborhood it could be a whole community it could be going out on a trail picking that up whatever you feel you can do to assist there were again welcoming people to Vermont and showcasing what we have to offer thank you all again Ernie thank you so much for all you've done would you like to say anything I'd like to thank 802 Subaru and Dave Birmingham for hosting this please give Dave a hand I live in Massachusetts but again Vermont is very close to my heart I have a house here and you guys got a great governor 100 there's another 100,000 on there so let's just keep that in mind alright thank you retailers retailers just gonna show people one more one more Michael Michael


Well, last month, the PGA Tour announced they'd be returning to Minnesota. Now we finally know when. Add one more option for the 4th of July weekend, because that's when the world's best golfers will be making their way to TPC Twin Cities, the first Minnesota tour stop in five decades. Tournament organizers also say that on the 4th of July, after Thursday's round, you can expect a country music concert as well as a fireworks show. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Right then let's have a look at adding a new camera to our scene So the way that you do that Let's just go back over here is we are going to go to create and then From that menu, we're going to choose cameras and there is a camera. So we'll click on that and You won't see anything because It's created at the origin and we already have stuff in the way Don't worry if you just hit the W key to turn your move tool on and then move it up That'll move the camera out and you'll be able to see what we're dealing with So that is what a camera looks like in Maya Not very useful to us yet because we can't see what it sees and obviously that's one of the most important parts of working with a camera So let's set that up so that we can see through it So if you tap your spacebar like I just did there That will bring up before of you and these are your orthographic views What we're going to do is sacrifice one of these so that we can animate with it. I Think the one that I want to sacrifice I want to keep my top one because it's quite good for positioning the camera I think I'm going to sacrifice this front one here So in order to change this view to what this camera can see you click on panels Perspective because it's a perspective camera and then you choose the camera that you want to see through And there it is now what that's done is made me realize that I haven't renamed this camera So I'll do that now while I've got it selected. There's camera one. So if I click on that, I'm just going to call it shot cam like so and They can see that's reflected down here In the shot cam view what I'm also going to do is just press Six so that I can see the textures and now when I move that camera around What it sees will be reflected in the view in the bottom left, which is very very useful So what we'll do now is start to animate this camera So the first thing we'll do is set the start position of the camera So again, all movement is made of two or more keyframes. So we need to get the start position Which will be keyframe one So let's make sure that you play headers at frame one And then we're going to move the camera. So in my case. I actually want it To start in this back corner here and then move along the back wall so that it's looking out of the window and able to see What's in the room So I'm just going to use my top view for this that appears to be the back corner and Then I'm just going to rotate this around so that it's looking Out of the front window Kind of like that there So that's for me quite a nice starting position What I'll do then is set a key on that now this time because I think I'm going to rotate the camera as well I'm going to press S to set the keys So I'll press S making sure I'm on frame one and that's position one set What I'm then going to do is move to frame 200 Because I think 200 frames is a nice length of time for this movement to take place And then I'm going to move the camera over to the other corner and Rotate it around slightly Just so that it can see out the window still so it'll almost keep this projector in view for more of the shot And when I'm happy with the position, I'll press S again And that's it. That's all there is to it You've created your first camera movement in Maya all that's left to do is to preview that so I'm going to show you it not working first so that you'll know what to do if it happens to you So if you've been working in this view or the top view so I'll do this view for instance And I play this camera movement You'll see here the camera is moving But nothing is happening here So that might fool you into thinking that you've not animated something properly But that's not the case. The reason is that you should be able to see a light gray square Around this view and that's telling you that that's the active view So what you need to do is just make this view active So I'm going to do that by middle mouse clicking in there You see the little gray box goes around it and now My camera shot is reflected. It looks beautiful. So let's just do that one more time It's so cinematic. You could of course make it full screen by tapping spacebar with your mouse in there That is like cinematic genius Okay, so that's that step done. We've created a very simple camera movement What we'll do in the next step is create a play blast to preview that in a video format