Hi friends welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here my name is Jen I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach, and I'm on the WW or the Weight Watchers blue plan. It's Friday So it's another weigh-in day. I'm gonna talk to you guys about my week We'll set some goals for next week. We'll deep dive into the WW workshop topic And of course I'll share this week's weigh-in results for you This is week two weigh-in of 2021 so I'm excited to share how things went with you So if you're excited for today's video, please give it a big huge thumbs up It really helps me out and kind of let's me know to continue doing these Friday weigh-in videos And if you're not yet subscribed, of course I'd absolutely love to have you join my community hit the little subscribe button and the bell next to it And you'll be notified whenever new videos are uploaded check out the description box down below for my custom 2021 calendar. I'm loving it. You guys are loving it It's such a great tool moving into the new year and it's not too late to get it I'm shipping same day so you'll have it which has been a couple of days You'll be geared up and ready to have a successful 2021 also in the description box You'll find my nutrition coaching where I offer one-on-one coaching sessions in both 30 and 60 minute sessions as well as Personalized macro and calorie calculation really important to know where you should fall every day calories and macros So I'd love to figure that out for you and again get you off to a fantastic start in the new year You'll also find links and discount codes to my favorite things as well as my Facebook group Another community that would be honored to have you so head on over and join us So we have a way in to do a workshop topic to discuss and let me tell you all about my week because it was an interesting one It's really really rough. I completely blew it the first few days of the week I don't know what got into me, but I really was kind of in that. I don't care mode I've been so incredibly busy that tracking my food and eating healthy just kind of got set on the back burner Which is not the way that it should be it should be Always in the forefront and important to me and something that I'm really focused and dedicated to it Just for some reason was just a struggle the first part of the week about midweek I snapped out of it and got right back into tracking and making sure that I was eating in a calorie deficit and staying Relatively within my smart points and just making sure that I was making good food choices I nailed my protein goal the second half of the week and stayed within my calories So I was hoping when I stepped on the scale that that would make up for the horrible first part of the week that I had I think we all go through ups and downs I know it's a new year and we should be super motivated to lose weight but life happens business happens and Quarantine happens and we still kind of feel a little down in the dumps when it comes to eating right and tracking And that's kind of how I felt the first part of the week. I am in no way shape or form perfect I make mistakes. I don't follow the program to tea all the time So I wanted to be honest and let you guys know that the first part of the week not good And in fact when I stepped on the scale, I think it was Tuesday. I was actually up like over three pounds So I stressed out a little bit and that kind of snapped me back into things and then that's when I said that's it You're back on track. You're gonna track. You're gonna do it You're gonna try to make up those three pounds But before we jump into the weight loss results for this week as well as next week's goals Let's talk about the workshop topic So we ended the setting boundaries series and we started a new series at the WWW workshops And that series is called is your home base? Helping or hindering you if your kitchen or your dining room or wherever you spend a large majority of your time Eating and preparing your meals if that's hindering you in your weight loss It's time to do some major remodeling if there's cupcakes on the counter chips in the pantry Unhealthy foods at eyesight in the fridge. It's time to do some revamping when we're choosing what to eat A lot of that is based on what we visually see So here's a little tip for you instead of leaving chips or unhealthy snacks on the counter put something out on the counter That's healthier. That's maybe lower calorie Maybe lower smart point things like popcorn or healthier snacks that way when you're visually Looking for something to eat or snack on what's in front of you is a healthier option Also, make it easier on your future self set yourself up for success You guys hear me say all the time on my channel if you fail to plan you plan to fail So instead of going to bed without setting yourself up for success in the morning Maybe putting together what you're going to have for breakfast and setting it out on the counter Or maybe even putting the pan in the cooking utensil on the stove set yourself up for success the night before get your Kitchen ready for the morning. You can even go as far as making your breakfast in advance How about putting together some overnight oats and throwing them in the fridge right in front of you? So when you open the fridge the next morning, you're reminded that breakfast is ready Whether that's on the go or sitting down at home overnight oats are ready to go And the next tip is disrupt the default and what this means is basically Make it harder on yourself to choose the unhealthy or option So for example instead of setting a pan of brownies out on the counter How about cutting them up wrapping them individually and freezing them individually that way you're mindfully selecting one brownie out of your Freezer and you actually have to unthought before you can eat it rather than mindlessly Scooping and picking at the pan of brownies on your kitchen counter and the last hack is make designated zones So instead of snacking while you're cooking because we tend to take little bites and taste We obviously want to try what we're preparing. How about setting yourself a designated eating zone? That's the kitchen table no snacking no bites no licks no tastes no eating at all unless you're sitting at your kitchen table That way you've made designated zones where it's okay to consume your food That will prevent you from mindlessly snacking and again taking those little bites licks and tastes Honestly the easier the choices the more likely were to make it We always as human beings will take the path of least resistance So set yourself up in your home when it comes to making healthier choices easy much easier than the unhealthy choices I think these tips are great And I'm really glad that we're starting this hitting the reset type of series with WW because even though it's the first of the year a lot of people haven't actually hit the reset button They haven't started their healthy lifestyle journey in 2021 So now it's time and I'm glad that WW is putting out this series So now let's talk about my weigh-in So like I mentioned early in the week Tuesday I weighed myself and I was up a little over three pounds 3.2 to be exact and that's what snapped me back into reality And I want to touch a little bit on the scale Some people can be addicted to the scale and the scale can make their entire day good bad or indifferent For me the scale is something that snaps me back into reality It's not something that if I step on and I see a loss I'm like hallelujah I can eat whatever I want that doesn't actually happen for me But when I step on the scale and I see a gain that's what snaps me back into reality So I think the decision I made to get on the scale on Tuesday was a good decision I was feeling a little bit fluffy and so I hopped on the scale and sure enough up over three pounds So by getting back on track on Wednesday That gave me a couple of days plus this morning to get back on track and get rid of any extra water weight Or bloat that came along with eating not so good Sunday Monday and Tuesday So my final weigh in when I stepped on today is I'm actually down Point two now. It's not a lot, but let's be honest. I lost basically 3.4 pounds So I'll take it the fact that I'm actually down weight is a huge win for me So I'm extra motivated to actually really do well this next week I have a high calorie high point day scheduled for saturday as we're going to a friends for dinner But other than that I have it mapped out for the next week to stay within my calories And where I need to be point wise to see a bigger loss on the scale But I'm relieved in a sense that I was still able to lose weight So it's kind of proof that you can make some mistakes. It doesn't completely derail your whole week Just get back on track.  Get back on track and eventually that weight will come off So now I want to hear from you guys. Let me know down in the comments how your week was How are you doing starting out the new year? Do you feel like you're really motivated and doing well or are you still struggling a little bit? Leave that down in the comments I'd love to hear from you and of course help you in any way that I can And if you are new to my channel or you're not yet subscribed take a moment and subscribe We'd absolutely love to have you. This is a really wonderful supportive community And again, we'd love to have you be part of it Don't forget to give this video a big huge thumbs up And of course check out the description box down below for that 2021 calendar Definitely pick that up my nutrition coaching personalized macros and calories one-on-one coaching sessions Links and discount codes to my favorite things and lastly my facebook group another community for you to join for support Thank you guys so much for watching happy friday. I'll see you guys all in tomorrow's grocery haul. Bye


What is going on guys welcome back to the channel critical overload here She's actually gonna be talking about screen six here tonight something I didn't plan to do because I didn't even expect something like this to become such a big Topic of discussion tonight, but this is not a confirmation piece or anything like that I'll leave that part up to big screen leaks who was over on Twitter They are working to figure out if this is real or not So yes as you all know as you see the thumbnail as you see the thumb as you see in the title as you see on Twitter and as you see on reddit as you see all over the place even in the woods The bro whore film group on Facebook and alleged scream six teasers out there Now this came out just shortly after clips made it known that on Thursday something would happen related to screen six This leaked potentially fake a real teaser shows a recreation It seems of Tara's opening attack, but the name isn't Tara It's Emily and Emily is not a person of color Which could be commentary on Hollywood race swapping characters or just maybe in this instance real-life individuals But prior to this we see the spyglass logo a pumpkin which the pumpkin is something I know a lot of people are honing in on because it seems like that's a sign that yes This is for scream six and it is legit because there are the expectations Of course that there might be some Halloween settings related to ghost faces next upcoming attack we see a shot of New York I assume when they see that shot of the city and Then ghost faces taunting Emily by asking questions that we've heard before the voice does sound like Roger Jackson's voice I've seen some people say hey this looks like MTV's scream or VHS ones in this case scream season 3 Honestly again if it's supposed to be a stab Stab type of thing then it makes sense why it looks like that it does make sense because it's not our actual movie It could be a stab opening based on screen five or again It's it's fake if the teaser is real then it is a it is clever to put together a quick recreation of five Using footage we could actually see in scream six related to the next upcoming stab project in the end of this footage We see the scream logo with two exclamation points, which we know with stuff We've seen on set Melissa Barrares husband at one point shared a back of the production chair to confirm that there was also some other things coming out from The set with the clapperboards. I think that's what it's called Where we saw the scream logo with the exclamation marks next with making us think that this is going to be the official title Because the working title is not that the working title for this project was blackmore just like how screen fives working title was Parkside alpha you didn't see anything around set that just set Parkside alpha But you did see things that said scream and that's what the movie ended up being called You also at the end of this teaser have hashtag like scream movie and hashtag scream again can be seen as well So is the movie potentially going to be called scream again? I don't know man I'm starting to think it's 5050 for this IP to do something like this Because they very well could pull out a teaser That is a collection of staff footage to hide the actual movie which is genius in some ways The account that uploaded the video is also based in Canada and has been around since January of this year Those small details are making me hype this legitimacy even further making me further believe there is a chance that this is Real it reminds me of I did this in a few other videos of mine But a few videos back of it to say where I made it known and I did it in a live stream Shout out to you can crave for something scared if you're watching as I told you this in a live stream blackmore was filed Prior to screen five even be released They had that much confidence in this that blackmore was filed in January a few days prior to screen five even released an Office location in Canada related to blackmore something was filed before screen five even came out So seeing this and seeing how long this account has been around the account that uploaded this trailer It's giving me vibes like that to think that okay This is starting to seem like okay. This is definitely is something from the marketing Could it have been an intentional leak? Maybe maybe they're poking here's another thing with scream scream has always been something That's what plagued by leaks. What if this teaser is an intentional leak from them because of the fact that Again before screen five even started filming the plot was out there before scream to started filming the script was leaked out there There's so many things and instances of this where you've had leaks plague screen productions So what if this time they decided to go ahead of that and leak something that is real in terms of their marketing? But it's not revealing anything from the actual movie And it's just another way to poke fun at screen being plagued by leaks screen production being plagued by leaks That's another thing to just consider So again the account that uploaded this is based in Canada has been around since January of this year so That's just me grasping in straws a bit here to clips Did say stab won't be a big part of the film like it was in five But that doesn't mean it can't be a big part of the marketing to prevent spoilers from coming online So just because we don't get a lot of stab in the actual movie doesn't mean we won't get a lot of stab in the actual Marketing which if that's what they're doing that's a wonderful way to include stab in this this time You don't have that much of a presence in the actual movie But you're all over the marketing which at that point if you're all over the marketing people probably Won't even want to see a lot of stab in the actual movie So it'll be just a fun little thing just like how last time with screen five There is this tiktok account that was I think taking place in in world But it was also in our world. It was related to the upcoming movie is a tiktok account I forgot her name, but she had died in the last tiktok that she uploaded RIP her But uh, I'm also thinking about how clever it would be if they did this even though they don't have to So many people still of course want to know is Nef Campbell in the movie or not Wouldn't it be so amazing for them to drop a teaser and it's just Nef Campbell Sydney Prescott Answering the phone and then it cuts off That's it something that's a minute long even a minute long teaser of a phone ringing You see interior shots of a house and then it ends with Nef Campbell Sydney Prescott answering the phone And you hear hello Sydney and then the trailer their teaser cuts off. It says scream reveals the title comes out March 31st 2023 there's your confirmation of Nef Campbell is in the movie You don't have no context though because how she factored into it Where's the scene taking place and then you'll find out when you go see the movie Okay, so at the time of this recording right now just to conclude this video shout out to UK K is tracked down that that trailer that was out there floating around that's got me doing this video is fake It was uploaded by someone named Josh like that was the name of the account But there's a logo at the end of the trailer that highlights 1109 as like one of the production companies similar You see like the Paramount logo next to it as well with the font or the text saying the trailer See the trailer released Friday now Here's the thing if you Google or go on YouTube and look up 1109 1109 films is a YouTube channel that has like 11,000 subscribers and the logos match up So whoever that person was that uploaded it to that account with the Josh handle They might have just leaked this user's fan made teaser trailer for every reason because it's not even on this channel's page Or could there be some connection to scream 6 but again as of now is deemed fake Let me know as it has think about all this down the comment section low If you haven't already of course make sure you subscribe turn on post notifications so that you never miss a video in the description I'll have links to all my social media accounts. I am on Facebook Twitter and Instagram You can message me there of course to let me know if there are any movies news or views you like me to cover In the future and with all that in mind guys. I will see you in the next video


During 2022, Third Marine Division stayed focused on its commitment to realistic training that produces lethal, ready, and adaptable forces across a wide range of missions in the Indo-Pacific. The Division conducts exercises including JWX, Keen Edge, Fuji Viper, ARTP, Balakatang, Counter-Assault Exercise, Shinka, Rimpad, Resolute Dragon, Commodile, Hamad, Keen Sword, SIFEX, and more. Throughout 2022, Third Marine Division worked alongside its allies and partner nations to maintain peace and security in the Western Pacific.


So back in 2013 I was in Afghanistan, I had a hunt magazine and I was looking through that magazine and I seen this gun and it said hell or high water and there was brownie a5. I love brownie number one. Number two, he's coming out of this mud. I looked the advertisement up on youtube seeing this guy coming out of the mud. It looked like something off the predator. It's raining, it's muddy, it's water. He comes out holding this gun above his head and just the whole style the humpback everything about I loved it. So I knew that I had to get this gun. Well a year later I get back from Afghanistan, get settled in at home and I had an over and under that I didn't really care for so I traded in got some money from that. I had a gift certificate for this gun store and I pulled the trigger man no pun intended but I went and got that gun and I threw it up first obviously when I was at the gun store I threw it up to my shoulder looked down the barrel it just fit perfect trigger pull everything was right where I need to be was honestly everything I hoped it would be and so I pulled the trigger bought the gun and been using it for basically almost nine seasons now and it's killed a lot of birds it's done some damage and I love this gun and I will tell you this it has been through it kind of like that advertisement I first seen and over time it's just gotten beaten up and scratched and chipped stuff started chipping over time I mean that's what happens we were rough on our guns as duck hunters so I've been thinking about Sarah Cotin this thing for like two years now and I finally found the guy so I seen this guy on Instagram Austin Daniel and he owns a company called Acadiana Cote and I started looking through his work seen his post I'm going to show you the gun here in just a second and I was like this is the guy that's going to do it well he ended up contacting each other and he said yeah I'll do it for sure and he had done some other stuff for some other people I know and his work is amazing phenomenal really nice guys come on the podcast so before I show you guys the gun I want to say a huge thank you to Austin from Acadiana Cote for doing this gun him and his wife did a phenomenal job and now I'm going to show you the gun there she is boys she is better than I could have anticipated honestly so just I'm going to kind of start with the top of the gun and work down not all of it's about the Sarah Cotin but just the gun in general it's been a long time since I did the first video of this but in this gun I have the pattern master code black duck and this thing hits hard and it's not an advertising gimmick it's legit and I also aftermarket put the true glow side on just brings higher visibility and the reason I really like it is because it's got a red inside of the green circle so it just brings better visibility and shout out to Austin he literally straightened out I mean this thing was bent in just from use and I take care of my gun I don't drop it but it was literally bent in on the rib like on every gap and he literally got this thing completely straight you literally can't tell that it was bent in like that as far as the color goes that we picked it's a burnt bronze custom mix and I got something else I'm gonna show you in a second and we'll tell you the colors on that but I mean it's so clean he does such a great job also he put a new spring in for me so the actions wake quicker because it's been the same spring since I bought it clean that up one of my favorite parts though right here a little laser engraving done with the MVM logo right on the side it looks so sick and the reason we picked it there instead of doing it like on the butt of the gun because when I throw the gun up and you know on video or taking pictures whatever it's right there you can see it so I just I thought it was pretty sick did a great job and another thing that he did is he seracoded and repainted in the browning logo right down here and he just did all that just clean this up I mean it's it's like I mean it's literally like I got a brand new gun I couldn't have asked for more from him then I I'm a believer guys you never knew that I like heavy shot which I think you do I even put it on here and we custom engraved it on there on the back of the gun just a small one really like that and then bam Mountain Dew baby I wish I had one to crack open right now but he put that on that's seracoded on there I thought that was kind of cool right there just because you know if we're taking pictures or something and it's I got my gun like this people are gonna be like hey what is that is that what I think it is yeah it's Mountain Dew baby so and then of course we got his logo right here Kady and a coat and other than that honestly it just feels good to something that is a tool for me that I use that has been so loyal to me it's always fired no misfires no problems to just give it a makeover and a facelift and it's like I'm starting all over with this gun again and I know it's gonna give me many years to come the process that Austin goes through once he gets your gun once he takes it out he cleans it thoroughly like takes it apart gets everything cleaned out and then just the whole process of him sandblasting and then actually seracotin it I mean it's he don't cut no corners the guy does amazing clean work takes his time has great equipment the paint booth everything to do the job properly so you can check his website out at a katiana coat that's what the k k o t e dot com go in there and check out his work instagram to me is probably the best place that you can see his stuff so clean guys and he couldn't literally do anything I mean he probably doesn't want me saying that but it's phenomenal the stuff that this guy's done to shotguns rifles handguns all this kind of stuff so hit him up his name is Austin Daniel go check him out message him tell him that maybe my mercenary sent you Titus I thought I would just share with you guys the work that he did and that if you guys want some work I'm telling you that's the guy to go to so thanks for watching and we'll see you guys on the next one am I editing this seriously or are you editing and it helps shorten the shot stream and it helps shorten the shot stream that you don't know how much I do this kind of stuff and what this does is the stud ring helps shorten the shot oh man don't make video on this son and what that stud ring does is shot string and what the stud ring does is it helps shorten the shot stream and what this stud ring does is it helps shorten the shot stream yeah I am I'm done I'm gonna move on all right


Britney Spears' father has agreed to step down as the singer's conservator after 13 years. The 39-year-old and her father have been embroiled in a legal battle over the control of her life. A 2008 court order agreement gave the father, Jamie Spears, control over her estate. But she later accused him of conservatorship abuse. The younger Spears alleged that she had been drugged and forced to perform against her will in addition to being prevented from having children. A father had consistently denied any accusations of wrongdoing.


So, hello everyone and good morning, afternoon or evening depending on where you're watching this talk from. I'm Sudeesh and I'm here to speak about some of the work my colleagues and I have been doing at the University of Washington to improve global internet access. And this work is in collaboration with Esther Jang, Nick Durin, Matt Johnson, Sachin Nayak, Spencil Sevilla and Kurt Asimov. So I'm open to taking questions anytime through the talk so please feel free to put them in in the Q&A section of the chat or ask them on the chat and I can get to them towards the end of the talk. I have it planned for maybe around 25 minutes so I can get to the questions right after that and hopefully that should work. Thank you. So to introduce myself, I am a PhD student in the Information Communication Technology for Development Lab or the ICTD Lab at the University of Washington in Seattle and I'm advised by Professors Curtis Heimel and Richard Anderson. I'm here to present some of the work that we've been doing in decentralizing LTE and 5G authentication and enabling roaming in telecom networks, specifically community cellular networks and private network course. So let's kind of dive in. There are approximately a billion people today who live outside mobile broadband coverage and there is a large digital divide between the urban and rural population in terms of internet and cellular connectivity. The economics of it make it extremely difficult for national scale operators to increase cellular coverage in rural areas, leaving more than a billion people worldwide without access to the internet. 2G, 3G network operators have actually rolled out their networks as far as they're really commercially viable and that's indicated by the GSMA report in the state of mobile internet connectivity. But despite that, there are 400 million people who live outside any mobile coverage. So there is this need for improving rural connectivity in networks and make networks which are like self-sufficient, which can be managed by the community. But this problem is not particular to rural areas. Let's take a look at Seattle itself, right? So 15% of Seattle's residents do not have access to the internet and this number is higher in immigrant or refugee families and low and middle income communities who are living in the city of Seattle. So cellular networks have traditionally been operated exclusively by a few national scale network operators like Verizon and AT&T or T-Mobile in the United States and they all use a wide area license spectrum. These operators kind of deploy very expensive network edge elements like base stations, their own towers or they use leased towers in addition to making a running specialized closed source software and making their architecture very, very centralized. So this makes it possible for these large providers to actually establish some kind of direct peering or interconnects between the operators and other businesses so that they can allow subscribers from one network to actually roam on some other network operators infrastructure. This can be done for various and eventually this can be done for billing purposes or actually giving people enhanced network coverage. But the centralized network core that these operators run means that wherever the network operators do not have service or some partner with whom they provide service, there is actually no network capability. So to address this kind of challenge, smaller organizations really have been turning to something called community cellular networks or private networks and these are used for providing like low cost connectivity in a lot of local areas. But unlike a traditional cellular network, community cellular networks are small, they're independent from cellular networks and they usually consist of a single base station like the tower that you see here in the figure that is there and they take what is usually available in the data centers and move them to the edge, which is the edge of this community where most of the data processing needs to happen. So over the last few years, our lab has actually been working with field partners to deploy some of these community cellular networks. And these type of networks are actually optimized for local needs, they can be run cooperatively and they're sustainable in rural areas, providing all the users in those areas with internet access. But community cellular networks have some challenges, they're severely constrained, they have by like backhaul satellite connectivity because that's how they get their internet access and they also have power supply issues in these regions. And the intermittentness of the power supply actually affects the service that can be provided. So why are we doing this? Why can't telecom operators actually set up infrastructure that is necessary to improve connectivity in rural areas and to provide them with internet access? What happens when these community members actually move out of the network zone that they are in to a different network zone? And traditional LTE networks do not do this because it is not economically viable for them for large corporations to actually do this. And in a community setting, it becomes more like the case of roaming and roaming between networks is a challenging problem because network operators enter into business agreements and replicating a similar result in a community cellular case is a problem of exponential complexity. Every single telecom operator has to have a roaming agreement with some other smaller operator and each of these communities need to work with each other. So and also many countries don't allow national roaming. So this business operation complexity can only be handled really by large telecom operators and it's very cumbersome for smaller community scale operators to actually do this. So that brought us to this important question that we had which is can we provide affordable and sustainable cellular data access in remote and rural areas where there is no cellular network coverage and can we enable these users in smaller community cellular networks to geographically roam between communities without disruptions to their cellular services? But before we go into how we try to answer that question, let me take you through a quick introduction of LTE and LTE is an end-to-end all IP network which consists of two parts. The first part is the radio access network which is this base station that you see here and the second part is the enhanced packet core or the EPC in LTE and the 5G core in 5G both of which behave very similarly and these are these are the networks to which radio access networks are actually connected and these are typically data centers to which radio infrastructure is linked. The LTE network is network architecture specifically is a large complex beast and the interoperability of these two networks is due to standardization of protocols by GSMA and 3GPP which are organizations actively involved in standardizing LTE and wireless protocols. But the first part of the ecosystem is really the users right the user equipment or like the handsets that I get these are standard off-the-shelf mobile handsets which are LTE capable and can support connectivity in different LTE bands and in any innovation that we make we would like to ensure that there is no need to really modify these devices other than their hardware compatibility for a band for example. The second one is the E node B or the G node B in the 5G networks and it's a radio base station which provides radio link interfaces between the between the handsets and the core network and the third part is a mobility entity which is a part of the core network and is in traditional cellular networks it's actually present in data centers and this is the segment that this is like a microservice or a segment that actually handles the various state functionalities of your device so depending it decides when to signal your device when to allow your device to move from one tower to another tower called handovers it helps perform bits and pieces of authentication maintaining the state of it and it performs a very crucial service. The serving gateway is a system that routes and it forwards all the user data packets and allows any traffic management to actually take place and the packet data gateway is a gateway service that actually provides internet connectivity to the users and is capable of performing any policy enforcement or performing lawful interception on the user's data. The home subscriber service is like a database server which contains user related security related information like SIM cards any data limits or any policies that the user has to adhere to when they're using the network but there are a lot of other pieces to the entire LTE architecture but what we can do is we can really strip them down into these series of little microservices and just have these pieces put together to create a minimum functioning LTE network and in the community cellular networks this essentially moves any traditional data center networking operations from the cloud to the edge and in our deployments these run on low power Zotac boxes with a reasonable amount of memory like 4 to 8 GB of memory they're very inexpensive and actively support hundreds of users in a deployment site that we have in Bokundini in Indonesia but what we do is all actively contribute to the development of Open5GS which is the stack that we run on it it's a C implementation of the LTE and 5G protocols but well private LTE and 5G and community cellular networks are promising ways to improve internet connectivity and access they come with a bunch of challenges and as the number of these private players increase in urban areas it opens up this need where you need to enable cooperation for fair spectrum usage especially because most of these smaller organizations cannot afford to buy wide area spectrum license they rely on the unlicensed spectrum and organizations in these areas need to collaborate and coordinate their spectrum so that they avoid any radio resource contention or any radio resource issues but as the density of these operators increase it becomes difficult to establish any such agreements and to monitor spectrum to monitor the usage of different operators on the spectrum so there is this need to build a spectrum coordination mechanism and but you want to maintain them in such a way that the individual network course which are run by different communities or organizations can continue to be independent but still enable coordination and it also enables us options like good opportunities to actually provide the same mobility experiences that centralized telecom operators provide while maintaining the security of these providers so our solution was to address these challenges using using a blockchain layer and allowing all these individual operators to cooperate without losing their independence of their operations and the blockchain could also be used for spectrum coordination it can be used for making decisions about the spectrum and recording these decisions about the spectrum for transparency reasons so the goal of the community of network operators as a whole is to maximize the throughput of the available network resources that they have and the blockchain layer with some changes to the protocols which I will get into actually continue to be backward compatible to cell phone devices where a user can go and attach themselves to a centralized telecom provider and also makes them work in decentralized telecom provider settings without compromising any of the security so what actually really makes roaming complex is that is the need to authenticate a user right who does not belong to the network and it is to grant them access to the network resources so typically this is done by whenever a phone tries to connect to a roaming network it is done by tunneling all the requests from the roaming network to the home network so there is some trusted relationship between the home network and the roaming network but all the requests from the roaming network are actually tunneled home and this affects latencies and results in slightly degraded network experiences but another way would be for the home network to just share the keys of of you of your SIM card to the roaming network based on their trust model but this has some serious security concerns but additionally what happens is all the network cores need to be fully available and connected so when a user tries to connect to a roaming network the authentication is done by the home network of the subscriber but how does this actually happen the LTE and 5G authentication procedures are like a is a protocol that allows bi-directional authentication which means that the users can authenticate to the network and the network also authenticates themselves to the users and this is generally done by using a pre-burned symmetric key in the SIM card provided by the telecom operator and over here we are really constrained to not change any of the authentication mechanisms since these are protocols that the hardware manufacturers have built into phones and these are what standard cellular devices are actually optimized for so we need to make some interesting changes to the core network and the SIM cards follow a specification and are manufactured by a lot of third-party manufacturers like over here we printed our own SIM cards for example and we got them manufactured so it is it is for and all these SIM cards come with use an authentication algorithm called Milanage and it relies on a symmetric key crypto with 128 bit encryption so every SIM card that is provisioned it contains a symmetric key which is stored in the SIM and the same key is also available in the telecom operator's database and along with any additional identifiable fields like the phone number or a unique mobile subscriber identity number as we call them but inside the SIM card the SIM card is broken into like a matrix with a sequence of numbers and these are particularly interesting to us because they are one-time use values which are organized into a matrix and the mobile device what it can do is it uses a sequence of these numbers in a specific row every time it needs to authenticate and join the network so once a vector is actually used or if it is skipped it invalidates the vector and it moves on it moves on and this is typically necessary when there is synchronization issues and where the telecom operator asks the phone to actually re-synchronize and re-establish their authenticity for example if a phone joins or attaches with the sequence value of zero which is the first value here and it then follows it up with the value of 64 the value of 32 is invalidated and it actually cannot be used and the one-time usage property that it provides at a hardware level is what gives us the ability to actually make interesting changes to this but also the LTE specification provides multiple functions called f1 and f2345 which is a collection of four separate functions which are used to randomly generate a value like the message authentication code, the expected response corresponding anonymity key or an integrity key or a cipher key for encrypting the message traffic at the radio layer and so on and these are actually issued by the home subscriber service database that we looked at to the mobility manager which is the state maintainer and it is then further signaled down to the mobile device. So we have a standard telecom authentication mechanism here which we want to continue to keep and we want to emulate this while allowing roaming but to do this the first step would be to connect these networks while allowing each network operator to maintain their independence and since establishing these agreements between many networks in an urban environment is actually extremely difficult we want each of these communities to be able to coordinate despite not being fully connected so to do this we actually connect these network cores over a permissioned consortium blockchain layer we use sawtooth for our experiments and in the measurements of our implementation we see that there are some interesting properties with respect to performance and also the consortium model gives like an interesting trust guarantee of who different communities trust and how different communities want to bring in different core operators into their network so we're partnering with an organization called the local connectivity lab and we're using the blockchain to interconnect independent community cellular network deployments across the city of Seattle and to provide access to Seattle's residents who do not have access to the internet. So to do this we actually modify the authentication procedure a little bit and implement our own protocol called D-Auth which is a decentralized authentication mechanism and in D-Auth what happens is each of the home networks publishes a set of and publishes a signed and a pre-computed authentication vector which are used as one-time tokens and issued to the entire network all the other peers on the network actually take this information and whenever the phone goes to a new network they can automatically consume this information and report the consumption with a proof of success or a proof of failure which can be verified and the issued tokens that are here can also be revoked and they can be reissued so these tokens can be directly used by the mobility manager which means that in a disconnected rural setting if we're looking at it we don't need the roaming network core and the home network core to actually be available at all times to speak to each other so it can work in slightly offline settings and but when a user moves between these networks the biggest problem is that the D-Auth protocol actually results in a disconnect and a reconnect mechanism something similar to how your phone does the disconnect when you enable airplane mode and reconnects to a network when you disable the airplane mode and it actually scans for all the available networks and decides which network it can join but this isn't just a pipe dream we implemented this we connected multiple community cellular network cores as peers over SARTOOTH and each home network actually computes and publishes a fixed set of these vectors for regarding their subscribers or their users to the network and and these values are all issued as transactions which are sent by by the home network core to the peers so the peers actually regularly compute these blocks of transactions and they achieve a common state the current benchmarks that we have are very naive and and in like very disconnected very low throughput settings and we can see that we roughly can achieve four transactions per second but but the transaction item itself is very bulky so we can package a lot of maybe like up to a hundred users worth of information into a specific transaction and send it out so we can achieve four transactions per second what we've been doing since then is try and use batching based optimizations that are already available in SARTOOTH to see if we can achieve closer to the hundreds of transactions per second on unthrottled completely available networks so there's still ongoing experiments for this but what we do see is as the density of these networks actually increase it provides an opportunity to improve the user mobility experiences so typically what mobile large telecom operators do is use techniques called handover where as you're traveling in a car or as you're walking from one location to another your cell phone or your mobile device moves its connection from one tower to another tower and this specific technique is called the handover technique so in a decentralized network performing such handover techniques is extremely difficult because it needs you to share the security state that is available at each of the mobility manager cores that exist in this network so for example if you look at this figure the phone first has is connected to a base station and it's connected to the first network as the phone moves from one cell to another network cell it performs a traditional handover using the XN protocol and this is the same handover protocol that works in today's national scale cellular networks but as the user moves out of one network zone to a network that is operated by a different community we use the DXN which is a decentralized XN protocol by sharing the network state between the between the two network cores and this includes sharing some security context and selectively revealing some information through cryptographic means but it is possible to do that but in in case this fails we use an older protocol or a backward compatible protocol called the S1 protocol but in the decentralized settings to do the exact same exact same thing but as the user moves from this green zone into a zone where there is no network connectivity which is the red zone and moves into a new network the user can go back and use the standard decentralized authentication protocol that that that exists and for the user this needs no changes to their to their actual handsets but it needs changes at each of the individual network cores so the experience is going to be exactly the same and there's going to be no no explicit need to change what's happening but there are some significant challenges and problems that exist here all these handovers are actually time critical operations especially the DXN process and over the blockchain and with with strong cryptographic techniques it becomes it becomes quite slow and most of these handovers result into failure so we're still trying to figure out an interesting way to achieve security properties while maintaining these speed guarantees that exist so in addition to all of this information about mobility and authentication there is a need for coordination of the spectrum so as the unlicensed spectrum as more people start using the unlicensed spectrum there is going to be heavy contention so what we would want to continue doing is take the existing blockchain layer and use a bunch use the fleet of users to perform measurements so the base stations can actually request each of the phones to perform a measurement for all the active base stations and the and their power that exists nearby and report these measurements and the usage of the and the usage of the spectrum to to the base stations all of this information is recorded on the blockchain and it can be used for any machine learning based algorithms to to actually perform decision making and all these decisions are recorded transparently so that you can improve future resource allocation decisions and also the independent network operators know how how these how this information is being used so over this year what we are hoping to do is actually we are running a bunch of parallel efforts at decentralizing all of these protocols and trying to move away from centralized cellular protocols in an effort to see if we can achieve the same properties or the same performance properties that we see in centralized telecom operators in a decentralized set of networks that we have across of Seattle and we are trying to also measure how the user experiences might look like and we are doing these as with continuous experimental rollouts with a bunch of the partners from local connectivity lab and the Seattle community networks and Tacoma cooperative networks and so on who are trying to run these efforts but some of the things that we we did notice in the lab when we were trying to run these experiments is that the blockchain consensus protocols are extremely chatty and they consume lots of bandwidth which is actually a scarce resource for community cellular networks so there there is a need to kind of be able to tune these network parameters to minimize their chattyness and over the next few months we are trying to roll out some of the optimization updates into this real-world deployments that that we have across Seattle so thank you and I'm open to questions and I'll also be available on Twitter or or email if you would like to reach out and ask any more questions I'm trying to find if there are any active questions I do not see them but I'll probably wait for a while to see if there are any questions coming in thank you Brian I see I see a question sorry I missed that how did the FCC give you clearance to experiment and sell networks I think I think that's a great question we we actually use the LTE unlicensed or the 5g unlicensed spectrum and there is but but this is still at this point currently a very centralized process if you look at it you need you need someone who is like a spectrum allocation service or an approved spectrum allocation service we use Google for Google SAS which is the spectrum allocation service and we query Google and we lease out some some of the spectrum that we would like to use so this is the active map of Seattle and a list of available spectrum like how many channels are available in in different regions across across Seattle and across Tacoma for example so it's not we're not buying any spectrum per se but the eventual goal that we would want to go to is actually decentralize the need for having Google SAS or the requirements like the Google SAS and see if these decisions can actually be made over the blockchain in a way such that it is it is tamper proof it's it's recorded and it can be further audited by by someone currently I think it's like a regulatory reason why FCC wants a few SAS operators to actually run this because I think these operators are are audited and you can query them for and you can explicitly ask them why they have been given clearances and so on thank you that that that's a great question I don't know if that answered your question okay I see a question from Benedict thank you can you go into detail on the high bandwidth consumption of the blockchain consensus you mentioned yeah absolutely so all the deployments that we have currently use PBFT and we would we would probably want to lighten that load by going to by going to a more by by going to a different different like consensus algorithm maybe I think poet was one one of the algorithms that we were trying to consider but it needs like specialized hardware like sdx to actually run this but there have been work that that is published at osdi like blockchain and some other consensus protocols like like the stellar consensus protocol and so on which might also be interesting interesting options for us to consider but of course the problem there is the minimum number of players that is necessary to perform this consensus is much larger it's in the order of hundreds to thousands than in the order of ends that we're trying to play with in in this in this ecosystem thank you James I think I think we're actually out of time so I would I would leave this here but please feel free to reach out to me over Twitter or or over over an email and I would be very very happy to have have additional conversations with you thank you


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing 1920 panini status asia team all five box break pick your team number four last five Boxes from this case. I don't know if we have any more out there. So We'll see it's been really nice stuff so far where we're also giving away the pelicans How to be entered in the pelicans by two or more teams in the break get entered to win no max entries two teams one entry four teams two entries six teams Three entries etc. If you only buy one team good luck with that one team But it will not get you a spot for the pelicans all card ship Really nice stuff. So here is our list of customers and their corresponding teams and the pelican spot wide open So what we're gonna do is we're gonna copy the customer list into a new spreadsheet and Alphabetize it so that we can figure out how many spots everybody got so Billy gets one John gets one copy Greg with eight spots Gets four. We'll use the last spot mojo spot for you. See if it brings you some luck in this one as well Joshua gets two Kyle gets one Mark gets one Mike One mojo. No, but thank you and Richard with three Thank you So we got 14 spots in this one and it's the name on top after five and a four nine times Ninth and final time. Congratulations Joshua Browning You got yourself the pelicans for the break nine times on the randomizer nine times on the dice And Josh ended up on top. So Throw you right there Josh. Congrats. Now. Let's print and rip last five boxes They were meant to be No, they definitely need to bolster that offensive coordinator position Shane Steishin's already out Honestly, I really want him to keep Pep Hamilton who pretty much Developed Herbert throughout the season So we'll see I In the thing is honestly, I was upset at first when they announced like my brother texted me He's like dude really and then somebody in the chat told me Joe. So I think it was on Sunday And I was upset, but I was like, okay Well, it sucks But then I went home Yeah, Pep Hamilton. He's he's incredible like you go look at his the lineage of coach the quarterbacks that he's worked with nuts but um he But like after I started thinking about it and everything I was like, you know, I was like it's crazy how they Like I was like it makes sense Like remember last year I wanted Isaiah Simmons with the number six overall pick because I wanted to bolster our defense and make our defense so good That even with a halfway decent offense as long as we held offenses the other offenses to Such a low amount of points.  We'd still be able to muster some points. It actually does make sense to kind of go heavy on the defensive side with what he's able to do and apparently he I mean he schemes a New defense for every single game Based off of the component, which I mean seems like a no-brainer, but Gus Bradley didn't do that. So See don't still don't get the reference Joe. I haven't seen Godfather remember Good luck everybody Kevin Durant Golden State Warriors edition Joshua Browning Chris Middleton Milwaukee Bucks. He's crushing it Joshua Browning Lonzo Ball Pelicans Joshua Browning Kyle Lowry Raptors Bill Doherty Matisse Thible 76ers Greg Whaley Colin Sexton For the Cavaliers Greg Whaley Bonzo ball to 125 for the pelicans Joshua Browning and Steph Curry upper echelon Golden State Warriors Joshua Browning I like them. I enjoy them. It's just not like a I don't know But I do need to find I do need to watch that Okay, so Joe I know that you're a you believe in in You believe in Gruden But I saw a stat the other day that said John Gruden is the only coach To not make the play is not make the postseason the last three seasons On any team and still can keep his job How much longer does he actually have I know it's ten years Was it ten years hundred million so ten million a year something stupid, but He's the only coach in league and for his team to not make the playoffs over the last three seasons and still keep the job But how much slack so so what's what's your cutoff? Like you give him a whole another two years and if he doesn't make it Once Tyler hero nice one for the heat Mike Weas RJ Barrett another nice pink Nick's Greg Whaley last Bob Mojo Yanis upper echelon That's not the same regular colored one not numbered, but I like the light blue on that Milwaukee Bucks Joshua Brownie Moe Bombeth for the Magic Kyle abode Kendrick Nunn to 125 for the Miami Heat Mike Weas And Kauai Leonard upper echelon. This is the normal so I'm not sure what parallel it is But it looks really good for the Clippers Richard Johnson Kauai Leonard Clippers Richard Johansson Dianthony Melton for the Grizzlies Greg Wailey Lebron James Cleveland Cavaliers Greg Whaley John Arant new beginnings first one of those I've seen Grizzlies Greg Whaley Dylan Brooks Grizzlies And Greg Whaley So What's your so what do you what do you think I? Mean that's a lot. That's a lot of money to pay a guy to not make Let's say he doesn't make the playoffs for two more years That's a that's $50 million you paid you paid him to coach a team to not make the playoffs for five years in a row and then Let's say I mean how many years it's a 10 year contract I believe right wasn't it 10 years 10 million a year hundred million dollars overall a lot of money Especially because he's had control of the coaching and who he wants in what spots for these last couple years, you know matter oh Playoffs matter You can't I mean at one point they have to say I don't know what the what his terms of his contract was But when I heard that it was ten years a hundred million dollars. I was like what? Yeah, but I mean consistently Consistently eight and eight or not making the playoffs is not good like consistency is a good thing You guys aren't gonna stand you're not gonna extend their card all right Kevin Garnett Timberwolves John Samuelson Ain't that's bras deacus for the next Greg Whaley last spot mojo Ben Simmons 76ers Greg Whaley Trey young second-year Hawks Patrick Cologne Zion Pelicans Joshua Browning spot. He won just for having two teams in the break Ruiachimura wizards Mike Weas Keldon Johnson pink for the Spurs Richard Johansson and RJ Barrett last spot mojo again Greg Whaley John Morant Memphis Grizzlies Greg Whaley Admiral Schofield for the wizards nice pink there Mike Weas upper echelon Yannis For the Bucks Joshua Browning Kobe White for the bowls Greg Whaley Wendell Carter Jr. For the bowls Greg Whaley LeBron James heat edition Mike Weas Yannis Bucks Joshua Browning Pascal Siakam to 125 For the Raptors Bill Doherty There you go. I mean I Hate John Gruden.   John Morant, Memphis Grizzlies Greg Whaley Jason Kidd for the Mavericks Mark Bassett RJ Barrett for the Knicks Greg Whaley Cody Martin Hornets Richard Johansson Kobe White for the Bulls Greg Whaley Eric Fledso Milwaukee Bucks Joshua Browning Yanis for the Bucks and Joshua Browning the seer little to 125 for the trailblazers That's going to John Samuelsen and Yanis again for the Bucks and Joshua Browning Carson Edwards for the Celtics Greg Whaley John Morant pink Very nice Grizzlies Greg Whaley LeBron heat addition Mike Weas Zion For the Pelicans Joshua Browning spot. He won just for having two teams Paul George Clippers Richard Johansson Another nice boxer Yeah, no, I give you Sanchez It's just I mean if you set the precedent on like let's say that How many how many years is a Gruden in on his contract right now? but how many years is a Gruden into his contract and How many years does he have left and last box guys? He's been there at least three years. Is this his fourth or fifth year? This is either his fourth or fifth year No, no, I agree. I agree what I'm saying though is if you set if you set a precedent like that and you pay got ten million dollars, right and Four years into his contract somebody's already, you know succeeded Yeah, you're doing real good Greg that uh that uh John Morant pink. It's pretty good Let's see if we can find you some more What's up Brendan? How are you man? Your nicks are hitting too. I don't think we had any RJ bear color yet, right?  Hey, you're doing pretty decent I mean you got some good teams glad it's all that's working out Do you ever see the Raiders Doing what they did last time with them and trading him Jalen Noel for the Timberwolves John Samuelson Marcus all Toronto Raptors Bill Doherty Anthony Davis upper echelon pink for the Lakers and Joshua Browning LeBron James also for the Lakers and Joshua Browning Tyler hero Miami Heat Mike Weasel Hakeem Elijah one pink for the Rockets Richard Johansson Mifondue coving galley pink For the Clippers Richard Johansson Finish it off with something big Damian Lillard Blazers John Samuelson Deon Tamuri to 125 for the Spurs Richard Johansson and that'll do LeBron James upper echelon Lakers Joshua Browning nice way to finish it You had a LeBron and Anthony Davis pink upper echelon in this one box for you Josh So nice way to end it for you and for the break It's the first LeBron upper echelon. I've seen that was 2019 2020 Panini status Asia team all five box break pick your team number four from jaspyscasebrakes.com I'm Sean jaspyscasebrokes.com Case breaks calm. Thanks for hanging out and I'll see you next time