and welcome to Lady Aida. Hey everybody, and welcome to yet another desk of Lady Aida. It's me, Lady Aida, here at my desk. When me is Mr. Lady Aida on camera control behind the scenes making all this go. Make it go, Mr. Lady Aida, make it go. All right, yeah. Well, we had a big week this week and we did a lot of stuff. There was a lot going on. Yeah, yeah, yeah. So for the folks who always asked, can I visit Aida for, that was always hard to do in the past, even harder now as you can imagine, because we're gonna be at 100% vaccinated shortly. But anyways, it's always hard to do, but we've been doing virtual tours for a while. So this week was manufacturing, it was manufacturing week and then it was also Made in New York City. So if you go to our press section, aidafruit.com slash press, that's the easiest way to do it. There's a blog post that has all the things about Made in New York City week and then October 1st was manufacturing day. So if you can click over to the other tab. We have a video that we did live from Aida Fruit on Friday and scrubbed through this. So you can see us at the factory live and then we talked about some Aida Fruit history and then we had a video run through, kind of like a speed round of all of the places that we have in our building and all the different things we do. So from shipping to manufacturing, we have a special robotic camera on the floors and then we have a run through and a walk through where we talk about all the different things. So since folks always ask or they're like, I want a factory tour, this is yet another one and we're going to continue to do these. So anyhow, and then Lady Aida talks about testers and more and it was a little bit like Desk of Lady Aida just so you all know. So I figured that would be a good way to talk about manufacturing in the USA which is in the news all the time. And I'll say it straight up, like we hear this every five years and really nothing comes out of it.  But the reality is we're not the heroes that anyone wanted but we're the heroes he got. So you just gotta deal with it, dudes. That's just how it is. We're weirdos and I know you wanted someone else but this is how it is. So anyhow, we have stuff that you're working on this week, right? Yeah. Okay, so that was me scrolling through showing the video but to watch the whole video, it's 30 minutes long. Yeah. People ask a lot of questions, we answered them much like our shows in general but this time it was at the Adafruit factory. Yeah. Okay, so that's a check that out, Adafruit.com slash press. Okay, so this week, well last week we talked about sensors that have the same pinout and how wonderful that is because it makes it so easy to manufacture new boards without having to get new stencils, without having to change testers, without having to change the pick and place program, especially the stencil, which is kind of not expensive but they're like $300 or so so you really don't want to, and they're big, you don't wanna get them unless you need them. So, we talked about the ADXL series, SPI I squared C accelerometers and it also was like, oh, I forgot about the VL53L0X and the VL53L1X, these are two time of flight proximity sensors that have the same pinout although they look quite different. These are both from ST and what's funny is like, you can't get like anything from ST right now but you can get the sensors. So, I was like, you know what, while I'm waiting for the silicon shortage to end maybe, let's spin up a board and I think I showed that last week where I just changed the silkscreen from 53L0X to 53L1X. So, the next step is to do a tester and I actually realized, I don't think I'd ever shown exactly how I code up a tester. So, go to the overhead and I'll show how I physically, you know, this I've showed, physical tester builds. It's funny when the overhead's not focused in, it looks like those dream sequences on soap operas.  Todd, you're really my father after all these years, Todd. So, I've shown these testers before I tend to use a Metro just because, you know, it has everything, the power regulation, the powers which is LEDs built in. I'd love to use Arduino's and Arduino shape boards and teensies as the base and then this is the shield that goes on top. So, this one is actually, it's a recycling of the, again, BL53L1L0X sensor and because it's the same pinout in shape, I can just recycle the board. One of the nice things about moving to the STEMI QT format is almost all the boards I have are now the same size. They're one inch by point seven inch, which means like, I can really reuse a lot of testers, which is like, you know, another thing that I don't have to do, reducing the friction is in the name of the game.  And in this case, you see that green LED blink. I usually also have the piezo go, but it's really annoying. So while I do the test process, I usually like don't enable the piezo, but so let's go to the computer and I'll go through the things they do in the code. Because I thought this was interesting. I don't have a library. I know SparkFun made a library specifically for, you know, when they write testers, they have like a tester suite. I don't, and I could, but I don't. I don't know. I just copy and paste, you know, the same code around. It is probably about time I should, I should library file some of it because it's so common, but it's also really short and it also does vary from board to board. I don't have the same test. Like I'll show you some things that are a little different about this design. So the first thing I do, of course, is, you know, I set up the pin definitions. One thing that I like to do is, you know, of course I have the LED and the piezo, the indicator, but I also have the pins connected to the sensor itself. In this case, there's an IRQ pin and a shutdown pin. And then there's this two eight volt pin. So this sensor runs with a 2.8 volt regulator. You wanna test the regulator, but that pin isn't brought out because I just ran out of space and it's not that useful. So instead what I do is I measure the interrupt pin, which comes out and it's 2.8 volts. I also have an interrupt change thing. Whatever IRQs you have on the board you're testing, bring that out to whatever your test bench has as a hardware IRQ. This is a really easy way just to tell if something toggles. It's really hard to catch an IRQ because of course, you know, it's happening asynchronously, but if you have a, if you have connected up to one of the hardware interrupt pins on the, at Mega328 GPIO2 and 3 are the hardware IRQs, that makes it easy. All right, so next up, I set up all the pin directions and make sure that's all set up. But most of the work is actually done in the loop. Why is it done in the loop? Because usually I want to retry. As people are pressing down the board, they might not get all the pins right. And so it might pass one or two tests but not pass all of them. I like to just repeatedly test until it passes and then, you know, I usually stop. So one thing I do really like about the, again, the Mega328 series is, these 8-bit chips are kind of dumb in a good way. I don't want my chips to be too smart because it actually gets in the way of the testing procedure. So one thing that's nice is that you can turn off the I squared C peripheral by setting TWCR, which is two wire control register. You set that to zero and actually disables I squared C. And that means, because normally with Arduino, the Arduino programming language, when you start I squared C, it enables the internal pull-ups on the I squared C clock and data lines. But what I want to do is test whether the board has working clock and data lines. And so this is a kind of a nice little hack. I turn off I squared C and it releases those internal pull-ups and so I can then verify that the next step, I set the clock and data lines, which is A4 and A5, to inputs and then check to make sure they're pulled up. That's a good first check to make sure is, I'm not checking if the chip is wired up. I'm not trying to characterize what I see. I'm just checking other pull-ups enabled because one, if the pull-ups aren't enabled, it means that resistor packed in gets soldered on. But also it kind of lets you know when it's ready to start. Because I call these drop-in beeps when people are testing, they drop the board on. They don't have to like do anything to begin the test. It automatically starts running to Texas pull-ups. What programming language is that? There's some folks that this is the first time they may have even seen this. What is that programming language that you're using right there? This is CC++, it's Arduino. So I'm using the Arduino IDE. Why? Because it's very fast to get started and it's kind of universal. So when other people have to maintain these, the IDE is known, the tool chain is known. It's like, it's a very easy way to distribute code around. So I like to use the Arduino core as my testing core and then I'll make changes to it if I need something that isn't in Arduino. Like I have gone into the teensy USB core and added exposed some, you know, VID and PID number things because it's like, oh, my tester really needs this, but it isn't exposed. I'll just go and do that rather than try to like start from scratch. But, you know, one nice thing is after I built this tester, you know, it creates a hex file, I just save the hex file in addition to the code and then I can just move the hex file from board to board and you know, they're gonna be making at mega 328s until like the heat death of the universe. So I'm not worried about not being able to get these tester brains. Again, that's another really good reason to use a tester brain that's not necessarily inexpensive but is long lasting. Okay, do you test the strength of the pull-ups? The right resistors were started on. No, I don't. That's not really a problem. You can do that, but I don't test absolutely 100% everything, everything. Instead, I test what is the most likely things and we really only place like 10K resistor packs and I've never had those be the wrong values. However, it's not a bad idea. You can connect and disconnect external pull-down resistors like 10K and then measure the voltage differential but I don't really test that. I just tested the pull-ups are there because honestly, if I can connect over I squared C, I don't really care what the value is, right? Maybe let's say it was 4.7K, but if I can connect, then cool, right? If the value is too weak, I won't be able to. Okay, so once the I squared C pull-ups are okay, I start I squared C and then a lot of the tester code is how can you test multiple things at once and test all the hardware connections, right? You want to test the components and the hardware connections. So this begin section is, of course, connecting to the sensor. So this tests actually multiple things. One, it tests the I squared C connection because I have to connect to the sensor and measure that the sensor is powered and measures that the sensor is the right sensor because if they place the wrong one, it wouldn't initialize. But I also am testing the shutdown pin. The shutdown pin on this sensor, it's kind of neat. You can use it to dynamically change the I squared C address. This is common, people like to connect multiple chips on one I squared C port. So as long as you initialize each board one after the other, you can change the I squared C address. And so in this case, I set the address to be 40 and that's not the natural state of the I squared C address, it's usually 29. And so if I can connect on address 40, I know that not only does the I squared C connection work in the sensors, but the shutdown pin works because if the shutdown pin isn't connected, it won't succeed in this. And one of the things I sometimes do to verify that I'm really testing it is like with my fingernail, I pull down on the Pogo pin to keep it disconnected and then I see does it, it shouldn't pass test anymore. It's like a little, I just kind of go through and I run the test, but I pull each Pogo pin down or I short two pins to make sure that they don't pass. Okay, so next there's testing the interrupt pin. So thankfully, interrupt pins are always, they're kind of annoying to test because what are you interrupting on? Whenever there is an interrupt polarity command for a sensor, I always throw that in because that makes it really easy because you just set the polarity of the interrupt one way, check if it's higher or low, flip the polarity and check that it's the opposite. And if that works, then you're done. I mean, you can continue testing the IRQ, but it's kind of the, it's like the easiest way to do it. So I like to do that. And then after I check the interrupt pin is high, which it should be on boot because that's the idle voltage, I can also test the 2.8 volt regulator. So this chip is powered by 2.8 volts and my Metro is running at five. And so I can, if I read the analog value of the interrupt pin, I should get about 2.8 volts or so. Don't turn on the internal pull-up. Instead, I'm measuring literally the voltage output from the IRQ pin. And then if it doesn't work, I just continue. I then switch the polarity, make sure the polarity is low. And then I actually start communicating the sensor and I'm like, okay, get me data. I just sort of, technically it's actually isn't necessary. I don't really need to do this, but I find it's kind of a good thing to make sure that the power is well connected. Maybe the capacitors are connected because if the capacitors are missing, it's not gonna be able to do the ranging because the power supply is volatile. And then I just, in a loop, I just take some measurements and this is actually also where I check the interrupt GPIO pin. I remember I said I connected it to a hardware IRQ. I check that it changed. When you read data, it should have toggled the IRQ to let me know that and it's a good place to test it. And then on success, I set the LED to be high. I turn on the LED and then you see I uncommented the piezo, mostly just to keep it nice and quiet. Another nice thing I do like about the, so you can see here, it going through the full test. Another thing I would like about the, the ATMEGA328 based Arduino's like the Metro328 is that you can hit the reset button whenever you want and it doesn't have this weird like USB disappear. It came back, it's much simpler, but it's also, I find much more durable. I've got testers that have lasted 10, 15 years easily. They're nearly indestructible. These chips and these boards are just, they will do the thing forever and ever. I really try to stay away from, I have Raspberry Pi based testers or computer based testers, but I really don't like them. I like to use something simple and embedded like an 8-bit processor. Kind of nothing ever really goes wrong with it. So that's my tester. All right, there was one question that was, I think it might be related soon to the great search, but we'll see. Yeah. How do you recommend storing your microcontroller boards? I have a plastic case with slots like a microcenter, but I'm more concerned for the best method. And then someone says, some people add anti-static sleeves and bags and more, but do you want to do the great search? Yeah, that's a good time to go to the great search. Where are you going to search with Digikey? All right, The Great Search brought to you by Digikey and Adafrit. Thank you, Digikey. Every single week, Leigh Deity uses her powers of engineering the last decade plus to find things on the Digikey site this week. This one came in from someone we know, and they said, hey, I'm looking for a supplier for some anti-static stuff. Yeah, so let's go to the overhead and I'll show what they're looking for. So they're making feather boards with headers attached. So like this, this like, you know, Metro mini. When you've got the headers attached, you really want to ship it with something protecting the headers. And you can use bubble, but it really, nothing is quite as nice as anti-stat foam.  It's got like a little ASMR thing going on there and it doesn't move, it doesn't come out. It protects the pins, so you don't get something like this where it's like, oh no, pins getting bendy bendy, not so good. So they were asking like, well, how do you get anti-static foam? And it's one of those things where there's really actually not that many suppliers of it. It's a kind of, it's not specialized, but it's sort of, there's only sort of like three companies that supply it and it's both incredibly common, but like it isn't advertised, you know what I mean? Like it's like a copy paper. It's like, you know what to get it or you don't, but you're not gonna, you're gonna see ads for it necessarily. And so I thought I would show how to find anti-stat foam and there's a couple of different kinds and you really want to make sure you get the right kind. You want this firm kind that you can, you know. It's like shopping for tofu. Yeah, you want the firm tofu, not the soft tofu. I personally like soft tofu, but if you're stir-frying, you want the firm tofu. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah, let's go to the computer. Okay, so let's go to Digi-Key. So the first thing you can do is just look for anti-static foam, which will get you some things.   What are you doing? It's gonna get damaged. For the most part, you know, chips these days are way more durable than in like the 80s and 70s when they didn't have, you know, built-in ESD diodes and the process was a lot more delicate. Nowadays, like chips, look, you can definitely destroy them but it's just not as easy, right? They're much more durable. That said, if you're going to use foam, you might as well use anti-static foam and anti-static foam is available both in pink, pink style and black style. They're both the same. Neither, they're going to both work just fine. If you do need a large quantity of pre-cut, that's a separate service. I'm just gonna show you where to get gigantic sheets. Okay, so under accessories. It's a thing, it's under accessories, right? Not under grounding mats. So you can see, okay, we're getting close but here's the thing. The problem with this is it's actually kind of hard to see what you're looking at because it's like, these are two different things but they look the same. One of them is soft and you can actually see, sometimes you get like super soft urethane foam like protecting a PCB. You're not going to be able to get the pins through this. It's actually just like not gonna, it's just not going to sink through. So instead, let's, first off, let's only look at active. Hold on. And so the important thing is the specification. So there's thickness and specifications. So the thickness, get whatever thickness is you need, measure the headers that you want and then how thick you want it. But the most important thing is that if you want it to be the stiff type, you want to be cross-linked. That's the name of the type. I don't think that the closed cell is the, I don't know whether the closed cell is the right kind and I'm pretty sure it's not. But what I really like is three eighth inch cross-linked. So let's look at all the three eighth inch options. And then here's the thing. There's also the sheets available in three quarters, sorry, three eighths. Let me add five, 16th also. Okay. So then, yeah. So there's this, but you can even kind of tell this is like soft and squishy. You gotta be careful. This is the conductive. And this also, I don't know if it's firm or not. This one definitely looks soft and squishy. Cush it in guard. Yeah, so that's not gonna be the right kind. So let's also look for what's in stock. Okay. So this one soft, you don't want that. And this is also, you can tell it's soft, like you can even see the corners kind of bending. So the one you want is this. And what's nice is that you even have a photo showing it in use. So you're like, yeah, that's what I want. You can see the chips are like plugged into it. And so these are, they come in gigantic sheets two feet by three feet. So because you're gonna pay for the shipping, it's like a big box. You should get multiple sheets. Like I usually get like five plus sheets at a time. And then they're really easy to cut with any scissors. And then what you would do is I actually recommend putting all the boards in, like on the large sheet and then cutting them rather than trying to cut them into like small sheets or die cutting them and then pressing them, although that can work. It's just, I find that the more surface area you have, the easier it is to plug it in. Otherwise it's like when you're near the edge, you don't have enough material pushing up against the pins for it to plug in. Just if you go through this, you'll, and you do that, you pre-cut the square. It'll be like, oh, I remember she said, don't do that because of this thing. That's very annoying.    So it's not cheap. It's like 50, 60 bucks. But you get a lot and, you know, I would basically buy 10 sheets that would last me like six months when I was doing kits and I'd put chips in them and you can put feathers in them. And of course, if you are using stacking headers, extra long headers, you don't want three eighths. You want one half inch or whatever. Just measure whatever it is and add a little bit. And that's the thickness of the foam you want. Okay, a couple of questions. Yeah. First up, anti-static foam versus tubes. And then the second part of the question is anti-static foam from a few decades ago would it break down after a number of years, crude pens, is today's anti-static foam any better? I don't think it's gonna be made much differently yet. I mean, I think it lasts a very, very long time. Like decades, I've got foam, you know. I haven't heard anything like that. I haven't ever heard of any foam issues. I think the soft foam will break apart much sooner than this cross-linked stuff, which is quite durable. I'm not quite sure civilization's gonna last another 10 to 20 years from now. You've got other problems. So that's future problems, but I think any foam is probably gonna be okay. Yeah, this is the stuff I use, and I think it's great. And this is from Conductive Containers, who I also, we had on INMPI, and they make, you know, they'll do custom stuff for you always. So if you need, if you do want stuff pre-cut or pre-shaped, they'll do it for you.  But I just kept these with scissors and it was great. All right. That's what I got. And that's the foam questions. And that is? Foam foam. Discalated Aida. Release the foam. Where in the world is that part of your research with DJ King? Okay, cool. Well, that was Discalated Aida. Thanks everybody. And that was the great search for this week. Getting the show right in at 30 minutes, which we tried to do. Thanks so much for joining us this Sunday evening. We have all of our shows during the week. This week, JP is hosting The Show and Tell. Should have all other shows going on as usual. And a lot more in store. Okay. So we'll see everybody next week or we'll see you during the week. Thanks everybody. Bye-bye.


Well, my dear students, the course is Labour Policy Pakistan and the topic is benefits. Or relevant section was section 22 of the Employees' Old Age Benefits Act 1976. My dear students, an insured person shall be entitled to a monthly old age pension at the rates specified in the schedule. An insured person shall be entitled to a monthly old age pension and the salary of the pensioner shall be determined by the schedule. Provided that. Now look at this. The above slide shows that the pensioner shall be entitled to a monthly old age pension and the rate of the pensioner shall be specified according to the schedule. And I have told you many times that the proviso comes after a general statement and it gives an exception or an introduction in the general statement. Provided that he is over 60 years of age. Provided that the pensioner shall be entitled to a monthly old age pension and the rate of the pensioner shall be determined by the schedule. And the next extension of the proviso is that Contribution in respect of him were paid for not less than 15 years. This means that the pensioner shall be entitled to a monthly old age pension and the rate of the pensioner shall be determined by the schedule. Provided further that the age specified in clause A will be reduced by 5 years in the case of an insured person employed in the occupation of mining for at least 10 years immediately preceding retirement. So if the age of 60 years or 55 years can be reduced or reduced if their relationship is related to mining. Provided also that where the employee was insured under the provision of this act on or before 30th June 2002 and contributions payable under the act by the employer prior to 30th June 2002 in respect of said insured person had not been paid the insured person shall enjoy the rights under this act as if for the word payable the word paid were not substituted. My dear students provided further that where the contribution under section 9B is paid regularly by the insured person himself in accordance with prescribed procedure his entitlement to the benefit shall not be affected by default in payment of employer's share of contribution under section 9. Now let's move on to subsection 2. If an insured person was on the first day of July 1976 or is on any date thereafter on which this act becomes applicable to an industrial establishment my dear students over 40 years of age or 35 years in the case of woman clause B of subsection 1 shall have effect as if for the word sever were substituted or over 45 years of age or 40 years in case of a woman clause B of subsection 1 shall have effect my dear students as if for the word 15 there in the word 5 were substituted. Provided further that nothing in this section shall apply to an employee insured under this act on or after first day of July 2008. Subsection 2A of this section is notwithstanding. Notwithstanding means that whatever is written in any other law does not have any value. Whatever is written here has its value. So notwithstanding anything contained in subsection 1 an insured person who was insured under the provisions of this act on or before the 30th of June 1986 and will attain the age of 55 years in the case of a woman or on or before the 30th of June 1991 and in respect of whom contributions were payable to the institution for the period required under the provisions of this act shall be entitled to old age pension at the age of 55 years and 50 years in the case of a woman my dear students. Hope you have understood the topic. Thank you very much indeed.


We're here at CBS 2016 in Nairobi, Kenya and I'm very pleased to be joined today by Dr Win Mlambo, who is Deputy Minister for the Ministry of ICT, Postal and Courier Services for Zimbabwe. Deputy Minister, thank you very much for being with us today. Thank you very much, Max. Now this conference is focusing on capacity building, very much in a connected world. I wanted to find out from you, what are the challenges of capacity building in this day and age? As I was saying, Max, I'm passionately concerned about the disjointed things which I seem to observe in an important aspect of capacity building. But my comments are going to be focused more on developing countries rather than developed countries. I seem to see that while the world is making, especially ITU, making effort in trying to build capacities, but on the other hand, the way it is being done doesn't reach out to the people who are responsible or who must be affected or who must imbibe this knowledge and the skills. Let me talk specifically and passionately about those who are responsible, SMEs, that is more to me, enterprises, who in Zimbabwe, for example, form about 64 percent or contribute 64 percent to the GDP and to the fiscal. But these people are so informal that they are not being catered for when we talk about capacity building. We focus on the private sector, which is very organized. They mount programs on building capacities in a very, very systematic way. The public sector is something, though not as organized as the private sector, but they also mount capacity building programs. But then excluded are what we seem to think are key in building the economy. These are SMEs. So the question is, how then do we reach out to these people who are so informal in the sector? I seem to see a disconnect between the two. Just before I came here, we were talking about universities without walls. And I said, perhaps this can provide a solution to this important sector, which is excluded. I also see that the policies themselves don't quite reach out to what we think must happen. For example, if we are, say, we have to develop ICT skills, that assumes a certain level of literacy, which in developing countries is not there. So I'm saying when it comes to policy level, there has to be a policy that everybody must attain a certain minimum level, like in Zimbabwe, or level perhaps, or A level. Only then can we start teaching such people about web surfing, internet use, social networks, and so forth. Before they reach that level, there's no way they can understand such concepts. E-development and the I-development and the distinction between these are concepts which are too deep, which requires a minimum level of education as a policy. And beyond that, in terms of policy, perhaps funding, because after we have done everything, we must think of funding. How do we cater for capacity building? Where do we get the money? Because we must come in with specific policies to set aside some funds, Max. What about rural areas? How can we ensure that they reach and achieve the sustainable development goals? Is it a matter of connectivity? Is it a matter of investment, infrastructure? What is it in your opinion that we can do there? Max, this is another very, very difficult area, especially in the developing countries. In rural areas, again, people live in not in too organized fashions like urban areas. So it's difficult to institute these programs, which in the private sector, as I said earlier on, are very easy to do. Now, take for example, people in one kilometer square, they're about as few people as just two families.  We talk passionately about the attaining sustainable development goals, the 17 of them and 169 targets. But then, how do you do so when people can't have access to infrastructure, when people cannot use the internet? If we say internet of things and of lately internet of everything, that assumes that then internet must become a right or connectivity must become a right. In other words, people who don't have access to internet, it becomes a human rights issue. The same with access to infrastructure. If you're talking about attaining those sustainable development goals and by the targets we are talking about, then it must mean that the infrastructure must be there. People must be taught to use the internet. People must be taught to use social networks, because internet has become everything, must. So in your opinion, is there a disconnect between policy formulation and implementation? Yes, indeed. There is a big one. Firstly, let me go back to what I said. In quite a number of developing countries, it's not yet mandatory that everybody must have a minimum level of education. It's not mandatory. So if we start talking about attaining sustainable goals before that becomes a policy, then there's a disconnect. It's disjoint and we will not be able to attain those 17 goals, no? It becomes a mirage, a moving target as far as developing countries are concerned. In developed world, yes, it's very easy to realize that because of mature democracies and the level of development in those countries. But in developing countries, it's still a pipe dream. I was disturbed when I looked at the distinction between e-development and i-development, otherwise electronic development and information development, that these two are distinct concepts. But who then in the rural areas understand that? Are governments in developing countries really know the distinction? Shouldn't we focus on decision makers to first understand themselves? What do you hope will be the outcome from this particular symposium? It's an eye-opener to quite a number of people. It must, it provides an opportunity for people to start thinking about the missing links in terms of attaining sustainable goals and building capacities in different countries. Dr. William Lambert, thank you very much for keeping me this today. Thank you very much, Max. I hope it's okay.


All right, yo, it's good everyone. Nick Smith is back.   I was pissed 24 points 10 rebounds three blocks to boogie J.R. Smith in 10 minutes got 19 points 8 for 10 3 4 3 from downtown a some white side had 11 points 8 rebounds and five Crazy blocks the blocks that he got were insane could be I was about so 18 points 18 minutes 10 points and Yeah, it was just a really good game. We shut down Wade We shut down our Jefferson and Kamala Anthony was injured so he didn't even play it, but I'm going to simulate to the end of the season and I'm going to hop into This game and then we can take a look at and let's uh, you know lower this a little bit right there We will simulate to the end of the the season right now and hopefully there is no No injuries and stuff because as you can see by the social media the Lakers have done their job fans Now it's your turn. We need to hear you in the playoffs bring the noise Yeah, we made the playoffs so now that the Lakers are officially playoff bound only one question remains What can they do now? That they are there We made the playoffs baby. We made the playoffs. Let's take a look at the the standings actually the playoff picture right now We beat the seventh seed Eastern Conference New York Knicks in the last episode well in Would have been in this episode, but you know, obviously the computer didn't record it Which Milwaukee and Washington and the 76th They're all trying to make the the East Conference playoffs, but Miami is taking that 34 win 34 wins and Yeah, they might not even make it We on the other hand have had 43 wins. Well, that would be third in the East But it's seventh in the West. That's crazy. But yeah, we find 43 games Which is a major improvement from last season as you can see Last season right there 34 wins and 48 losses this year 43 wins 30 losses And we haven't even finished the other season. So what I want to do is Simulate with Simcast to the end of the season because that means that we can hop into the game because it could be No, what we did we're not even gonna hop into the game. We've made the playoffs So, yeah, we don't even need to hop into the game. The only reason why I wanted to hop into the game Prove them wrong. You know, the only reason why I wanted to hop into the game is because it could have been Kobe Bryant's last game But then I realized we're on the playoffs I don't need to hop into the last game if we're in the playoffs because Kobe Bryant will play his last game in the playoffs Which will be really good Unless somehow he gets injured before the first which would that'd be so bad Jabari Park is injured I'll adjust the rotation and I'll make it like this J.R. Smith can have the start I guess Yeah, I guess that's how it's gonna work out but Jabari has to be better. He has to be ready for the playoffs I need Jabari to come and burst and beast and do whatever in the playoffs that made no sense I just want him to do well in the playoffs. It's what I'm trying to say. We need him for the playoffs Alexander's voice concerned about not getting up minutes. Well, he will probably be traded Or he will just leave us at the end of the season. It's not hard to look after the players We have a nice we have a really nice team like although I plan to do Good things in free agency like go after good players I don't know if we need to Depending on how we do in the playoffs. It depends how we do in the playoffs, I guess but Jabari Park is probably back I'm guessing right now. We'll take a look The answer rustles injured Damn, why does everyone have to get injured just before the playoffs? All right, all right seems good. Not really, but I kind of need them for the playoffs So don't get injured anymore. Actually, we should probably rest our starting lineup But I have a feeling if I do that there's going to be so much complaining We'll see what happens if somebody else gets injured then I will There's a problem in my GM where everyone seems to get injured. Jabari Park has Recovered, which is great And they put him on the bench. What are you doing? All right That's better That's better I'll give you less give you more Wait, no, no, no give you less Give you more You less just I don't want Boogie to get injured I do not want Boogie to get injured He's the one guy that I can't have injured really like I say Jabari. I'd want him back. I say all this kind of stuff, but Jabari, I need him. I need uh, not Jabari. I need Demarcus Cousins Why is what the Get sunny whims out of here. Why is Kelly Ubrey getting no minutes? I understand why Kelly Ubrey was upset God damn. He's not getting any minutes. Jesus. What is coach doing? Uh, simulate with simcast now. Just don't get injured And don't lose Well, I don't really care if we lose because we already made the playoffs. Just don't get injured. That's all I hope just don't get injured It's it's a nice lineup. I don't need to change anything. I just want to get to the end of the season Look at the MVP. Look at D Okay, look at defensive play of the year and uh, let's simulate game if it's close I might hop into the game, but I'm guessing we're gonna take this win actually I don't know.  I don't I'm guessing that they're not very good. Who do they have? I know they have davis And that's about it. Then oh they got Tyson Chandler, but he's injured. So actually, no, he's nice by 16 minutes whatever Continue simulation We're gonna come out win the last game of this Regular season, which is a nice win right here to the pelicans Kobe dropped 22 in his last regular game Nice to see that Top scorer, I'm guessing. Yeah top scorer on both teams 22 6 and 4 great game for kobi jr The 20 points julius randall dropped 17 boogie 15 and 9 alexland 10 points ubrae 6 points clarkson 7 Points and 8 assists how did javira drop 11 rebounds? No They're gonna come back saying his son's out for one to two weeks. Are you serious right now? This is what I mean. Everyone gets injured and some of you guys I I made a video like earlier This year not not this year, but like earlier a couple of episodes ago saying um Actually, you know what? Yeah, um saying how do I fix this because everyone seems to get injured and some of you guys were saying I can turn off injuries But I kind of feel like that's cheating And i'm deaf you you already know which one i'm choosing right here Reduced injuries increases player durability by two. I have to choose. I mean injuries is a key problem in this team Now wow, he's 18 MVP goes to worst rule. I kind of like to see that I I would kind of like to see that happen I I like westbrook And he this man's a beast 21.5.7 rebounds 9.3 assists two steals This guy's balling But what I wanted to say is that some of you guys were telling me to turn the injuries off I don't I kind of feel like that's cheating because in real life nobody no team just has no injuries so I'm going to keep it, but I don't know. I wish there was a way you can turn it down a little bit, but you can't Now Miami's sixth man of the year tony rosen right there Deontre Jordan wins defense player of the year Frank Kaminski is most improved with 16 points and 10 rebounds.   I can't even say his last name wooden hoser Whatever, I don't I don't know man. Okay, don't make fun of me And executive of the year which should have been my award Goes to uh, that land of hogs gm Westfield curry davis lebron mark the soul all NBA first team Lillard wall love george and hallford in the all mba second team visovic griffin bosch derrick rose I remember I played with I played against this guy the other day. He beats it on me. Look at these stats, man He's he's playing like uh mvp derrick rose now. So I'm kind of glad to see that happen I don't know um defense bow the uh Not really defense all defensive first team is what I'm trying to say Blurred so wall davis ebaka. Do we get anyone for anything? I don't think so. I don't think we've got anyone for anything.  We're up against the golden state warriors in the next episode It's about to go down So if you guys want to see this episode Up against the golden state warriors. It's about to go down. It is about to go down It's gonna be a it's gonna be a tough series golden state unless they have a major injury We are kind of screwed curry Thompson green kid gilquids iggy the last time we played this team. We uh, we got a loss And they killed us So, yeah, not too confident that we're playing the warriors If finally we were playing like I I feel more confident playing the clippers Or the or the thunder I the man I feel confident playing any team but the warriors. Maybe the thunder is The thunder and the warriors are two teams that I don't really want to face up against But anyone else I'll take him on well I hope you guys enjoy the video And we're about to face up against the warriors in the next episode So if you enjoy the video leave a like subscribe for a new tell a friend if the if you think that enjoyed the series I'm out


Hello, everybody hooded Cobra Commander 788 here. It's time for a GI Joe comic book review. We are picking up where we left off So we are on issue number 28 in the previous issue. We wrapped up the two-part snake eyes origin story We also had a bee plot in which a squad of Joe's infiltrated a Florida swamp to investigate the Zartan's cabin on the cover We have an unidentified Cobra vehicle. We later learned that it's a rattler Although the vehicle on the cover doesn't exactly follow the rattler design It is attacking the GI Joe mobath tank issue 28 is titled swamp fire not to be confused with the Dreadnought Vehicle swamp fire drip wire torpedo and mutt are returning from their mission to the freighter that operated as GI Joe's main Seabase until they got the USS flag. This issue was written by Larry Hama with pencils by Marie Severin Marie Severin Marie Severin was a legend. No wonder this issue looks so good I did not recall that Marie Severin was involved with GI Joe and that is super awesome mutt and torpedo catch us up on the events of Previous issues. This was common in these comic books of this era any issue could be someone's first issue So you kind of had to get people caught up in the story Duke Wild Bill and roadblock arrive on the dragonfly Helicopter and wow Duke gets to ride inside and roadblock has to ride outside on the skid rank has its privileges torpedo points out where the cabin is on a map We are definitely going to get a battle Cobra commander and firefly are at Zartan's cabin But Zartan believes the Joes are going to mount a full assault on that location So Zartan and the Dreadnoughts say to hell with this we're out of here We get a brief interlude where a couple of local police officers are waiting on a freight train Breaker asks for directions and then the GI Joe mobath tank bursts out of the train and Accidentally sideswipes the police cruiser these two characters chief and RL are drawn to look a bit like Laurel and Hardy And I think that's one of the references chief also has some similarity to Jackie Gleason's character Buford T Justice in Smoky and the Bandit and these two characters are similar to the sheriff and deputy Dwayne from Superman 2 The sheriff was played by Clifton James and Clifton James played Sheriff Pepper in the James Bond movie live and let die in 1973 what we have here is a trope that would have been very familiar to readers in 1984 when this comic book was published back at the freighter we get a new vehicle It's the killer whale my favorite vehicle while Bill and Doc occupy the dragonfly helicopter Duke cutter roadblock and deep six occupy the killer whale and we are off to fight Cobra Destro has some Cobra rattlers stashed away and empty oil tankers And it is a toy accurate Cobra rattler this time This is great the Baroness flies back to the Cobra base in Springfield while Destro and wild weasel fly back to the swamp to attack The Joe's and rescue Cobra commander from the cabin back at the cabin firefly discovers one of the computer panels is fake and behind It is a video game style control panel somewhere on route 56 The chief and RL are trying to pull over the MOBAT tank, but stealer driving the tank just ignores them The local police are totally in the right here. They have jurisdiction The Joe team must have been given some special police powers by Congress because they often operate inside the United States And that would normally be illegal before we move on with the story I want to pause and mention what a great job Marie Severin has done with these vehicles These are mostly toy accurate vehicles certainly more toy accurate than many issues we've gotten in this series Firefly discovers the hidden computer panel controls a robot army of robot soldiers and his tanks In universe you could consider these robot soldiers to be precursors to the Cobra bats invented by Dr. Meinbender They are like an earlier version of the bats. They are not quite as advanced They are totally remote controlled and not autonomous In reality the Cobra bats would not have even entered the early design phase by 1984 So any similarity is totally coincidental The chief decides he's going to threaten the Joe's with a shotgun if they don't pull that tank over But he finds himself face to face with a robot army A battle ensues chief joins in and blasts the robot with his shotgun There are too many robots and his tanks So breaker calls for backup the killer whale diverts through the swamp to assist There's another little cutaway with an older couple watching TV as the killer whale whizzes by This is a reference to the painting American Gothic Back at the battle the Mobat tank and the police car are attacked by Cobra rattlers In a brief one page break from the action the Baroness has returned through the Cobra base in Springfield and goes to the detention section where a major blood is imprisoned The Baroness seems to be offering him a deal for his freedom No doubt we will find out more about that in future issues Guestrow and Wildweasel are using thermal imaging to target the Mobat tank and the police car The Joe's are desperately throwing buckets of water on the Mobat's engine to cool it down So it will not show up on the heat detectors It's too late for the police car to get blown up Fortunately the chief and RL managed to escape The Joe's successfully cooled down the Mobat's engine So it no longer shows up on the thermal targeting system in Destro's Rattler Just then the killer whale shows up and they open fire on the Rattler Destro's plane takes some damage But he manages to turn around and spray the Joe's with bullets Roadblocks gun was destroyed Deep Six was hit but his gun still works They still have one more chance to kill Destro Destro is bearing down on them Deep Six discovers his turret will not elevate He cannot aim his gun at the attacking plane Roadblocks says no we don't give up like that He takes the gun off the turret and puts it on his own back So Deep Six can fire back at the Rattler Destro bails out just before the Rattler is destroyed Back at the cabin Wildweasel has arrived to rescue Cobra Commander But since the Rattler only has one extra seat He can only rescue Cobra Commander Firefly will have to find his own way out of the swamp He is not happy about it In the aftermath of the battle we see the Joe's wounded This is something Larry Hama often included These were not battles in which nobody got hurt This was not the animated series These battles had real consequences As Firefly trudges through the swamp Planning his revenge against Cobra Commander He meets up with Destro Who also seems he would be happy with revenge against Cobra Commander The issue ends with Zartan and the Dreadknocks On their motorcycles heading North North Miss Tessmucker They know the Joe's came from the North And they want to find the Joe's hidden base Next issue Beach Whale The deadliest fish not in the sea I liked this issue very much It's not easy to follow the legendary Two issue origin of Snake Eyes story This issue returns to staples of GI Joe They introduced new vehicles Because of course they have toys to sell It's done in a very fun way though This story didn't move the plot forward very much But we got a lot of excitement and action I love Marie Severin's artwork here It's very solid The faces are all distinct The uniforms are mostly correct And she makes an effort to draw the vehicles Mostly toy accurate How did a legend like Marie Severin Get involved with GI Joe It's probably due to Larry Hama Larry was an industry insider He knew everyone And that was a benefit to the GI Joe series On more than one occasion That was my review of GI Joe number 28 I hope you enjoyed it If you did please give this video a thumbs up Subscribe to the YouTube channel And share this video I have a lot of vintage GI Joe toy And comic book reviews in my back catalog Please check them out And stay tuned for more Support the channel on Patreon It helps me continue doing these videos I will see you next time And until then remember Only GI Joe is GI Joe


So in the prior video we were talking about the structure of bacteria and archaeal cells versus eukaryotic cells. So I want to talk here about photosynthesis in cells. There are a couple types of photosynthesis. The one that's most common produces oxygen from water. There are also ones that produce that sulfite, sulfate from sulfide and oxidize iron 3 plus from iron 2 plus and can oxidize organics. But what I'm going to talk about here is what we normally think of photosynthesis that actually produces oxygen. And this does not happen in archaea. It happens in bacteria and in particular cyanobacteria are the ones that invented oxygen producing photosynthesis. So the structure of cyanobacterial cells is very similar to that of other bacteria. But in addition they have these extra membranes called thalacoids that hold the photosynthesis apparatus. So the photosynthesis occurs in these extra membranes and the cyanobacteria still have all the DNA and the ribosomes and all of those other components. So the photosynthesis of course allows the organism to take carbon dioxide, water and light to make energy and oxygen. And that energy goes to make organics. So the process where this conversion of the CO2 and energy and light occurs in a different place from the membrane. It occurs in the carboxosome. So it's in the carboxosome that this reaction takes place. And so what happens is the energetic molecules are created. The ATP are created in the thalacoid membrane and those make their way to the carboxosomes which is where the organics are actually created. If we look at eukaryotic cells, so these ones that are photosynthetic are of course plants and algae. In all cases they're doing their photosynthesis in these capsules that are called chloroplasts. And these chloroplasts have a membrane around them and then they have the thalacoid membrane inside and they have a little bit of DNA in them as well. And much like we see for the binocondria that have DNA, this DNA when we actually look at it and compare it, it's really closely related to the cyanobacteria. So the similarity of the process and the enzymes plus the characteristics of the DNA demonstrate that these chloroplasts are the descendants from cyanobacteria. And so this, like the mitochondria, is another case of endosymbiosis with the host cell providing a consistent environment for the ancestor of the chloroplast and the ancestor of the chloroplasts providing energy to that ancestral host cell. So again it's a mutualistic process that allowed plants and algae, the ancestors of plants and algae to become autotrophic to actually not have to eat but to basically be able to take the carbon dioxide from the environment and convert it into a combination of energy and organic matter. And so one of the interesting things about photosynthesis is that it's such a valuable process that has been co-opted by the ancestors of plants and algae. Similarly with the mitochondria, they're so useful that they have been co-opted and integrated into eukaryotic cells. So one of the things that's really special about eukaryotes is the fact that there are these merger of organisms of different ancestry. We have the ancient eukaryotic ancestor that then adopted a bacterium that reacted organic matter with oxygen and some of the ancestral eukaryotes also adopted cyanobacteria to be able to perform photosynthesis. Thanks for watching.


As it relates to fundraising. Okay. So you're fundraising in a COVID environment, which to me is a kind of a good thing because as an investor, it makes it pretty obvious. Like is this entrepreneur great? COVID is the easiest litmus test. They're either surviving and killing it or they're dying. It's really straightforward. How do you even go about setting a valuation for a makeup, a skincare company? Is it like three times revenue? Do you know? Is it an art and a science still? It's an art and a science. And I've also heard right now I'm working with a business consultancy that works with CPG companies specifically. So they're helping us with this whole process. But from people in the industry, I've heard and sort of anywhere between three and seven X revenue, but that also depends on your size on all sorts of things. So yeah, I think it's it's really squishy, especially for a company like ours with where we have not ever had a valuation event before. We, you know, it's all cashflow. It's all so theoretical. I don't know. My business advisor has a better idea and I am putting that trust into him. That's great. One thing I see all the time from CPG companies is they have this massive distribution deal, you know, and so this, this takes their valuation. It's just like, that's the difference between the three to seven X. It's like, oh, Sephora has this order of a million things ready to rock. It's interesting because it sounds good, but having to produce that much for a retailer of that size is really a beast that most people, you have to really know what you're doing to start to engage in something like that. Are you willing to share with us how much you're raising? Yeah, we're raising a million dollars in convertible notes. Perfect. I like it. Have you started or not yet? No. Well, no, no, I just finished my deck last week. So just starting the process, but yeah, so we're just starting the process. And honestly, I mean, this could just be my hubris that's going to catch up to me very shortly, but I really do feel like I don't foresee a huge challenge in that race because we do, I feel like our numbers just speak to how much untapped potential we have. Like we were putting together our deck and Sloan, my marketing director was pulling some numbers for it. And I was like, wait, but this is crazy. Our acquisition, customer acquisition costs payback five X in the first 12 months since we get them. So whatever amount it costs us to get a new customer, we get back five times in the first 12 months from that customer, which is bonkers. And those numbers will come down as we scale, but it's still one of those things where if we have more capital to put into it, it's going to pay back pretty directly. Yeah, you have the equation. That's really exciting. I remember, so we, I had a bow tie company and we were in the process of selling it and we were talking to a potential buyer and they said, so how much time do you guys spend on the phone taking orders?  We were like, zero. They're like, what about support calls? We're like, what support would someone need to, who's wearing, the kid is strangled in the bow tie? Like what, we're like zero. They're like, you've never had a call. I'm like, so then it made me think, like, are you guys experiencing heavy call volumes? And they said 90% of their customer, sure enough, orders via, like gets the magazine in the mail and then orders via the telephone. And that's when the valuation in my head just skyrocketed because I was like, your customer is dying and mine is a young buyer. And you need this segment of the market. I just always think about that story because it's, it's something that you, we take a lot of things for granted, right? When you're in the business yourself, you take your customer acquisition costs for granted, the word of mouth that you've worked so hard to build, you take it all for granted until you start to do the equation and really look at what are the levers for scaling? And then that's when things get really exciting. And I think to your point, I mean, I personally invested in a company that they had already done a million dollars in revenue on their own pre raise. And I just thought, it says a lot about a founder who can do that and achieve that and stick to that growth, which is not a, not a hockey stick.  But that entrepreneur is someone to bet on, at least I think it's someone to believe in because they, they sort of understand the fundamentals, which a lot of entrepreneurs today chase vanity metrics and stuff. And that's, you know, that's okay too. But generally speaking, the fundamentals will, will survive. They'll stay on the test of time. Yeah. And another thing I think, but both in terms of looking at the health of the company, but also in terms of sort of internal employee management and stuff, is that metrics help to tell a story and unveil problems or good parts. They should never be the goal in and of themselves. You know, if you used to have a forex ROAS and now you have a two X ROAS that says something that you can look into, you shouldn't be like, well, you know, we're getting a forex ROAS no matter what, because there are ways to goose that metric that don't actually, maybe ROAS is not the right example because you are still getting that money back. But, you know, both in terms of like, I feel like any person who's worked in customer service or retail or anything has these of like, we need to sell X number of subscriptions or X number of credit cards or whatever. And that that, how many you're selling can be a good indicator of what's working and what's not. But if you try to sort of set a metric as a goal, you end up getting cheap ways to get there that aren't necessarily great for the health of the company. Hey, everyone. Thanks for checking out that clip. If you enjoyed it, be sure to hit the like button down below. And if you're interested in hearing the full episode, it's out right now on our YouTube channel. We've had a lot of great guests come on this show before and we've got a lot of great guests coming up in the future. So hit subscribe so that you don't miss a single episode. And one final note, we're always looking for new ideas and new companies to feature on the show. So if you know of someone or know of a company, write us a comment down below letting us know who they are and what they do. We'd be happy to have them on the show. Till then, I'll just be here waiting for your comments. So see you later.


Jai Nesia Bolsonaro, president of the Federative Republic of Brazil, Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modiji, honorable ministers, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. I welcome you to today's ceremony where 11 documents will be exchanged. First, we have the Investment Cooperation and Facilitation Treaty between the Republic of India and the Federative Republic of Brazil. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Ernesto Araujo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on the Indian side by Dr. S. Geshankar, Minister of External Affairs. Accurdo de cooperação e facilitação de investimentos, facilitation agreement signed on the Brazilian side by Foreign Affairs. Next we have an MOU between the Republic of India and Brazil on Bioenergy Cooperation. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Bento Albuquerque, Minister of Mines and Energy, and on the Indian side by Shri Narendra Pradhan, Minister of the Petroleum and Natural Gas, memorandum of bioenergy on the Brazilian side, Bento Albuquerque, Minister of Mines and Energy, and the Ministry of Health of the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil on Cooperation in the Field of Health and Medicine. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Ernesto Araujo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on the Indian side by Shri V. Murli Dharan, Minister of State for External Affairs. Memorando de entendimento no campo da saúde assinado do lado brasileiro pelo embaixador Ernesto Araujo, Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores, e pelo lado indiano pelo Sr. Muraladra Khan, Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores da Índia. Next is a cultural exchange program between the Government of India and the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil for the period 2020-2024. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Ernesto Araujo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and on the Indian side by Shri Vijay Gokhale, Foreign Secretary of India. Programma de intercâmbio cultural 2020-2024 a ser assinado do lado brasileiro pelo embaixador Ernesto Araujo, Ministro de Estado das Relações Exteriores, e pelo Sr. Vijay Gokhale, Foreign Secretary. The fifth, number five is an MOU on Cooperation in the Field of Geology and Mineral Resources between Geological Survey of India, Ministry of Mines of the Government of India, and the Geological Survey of Brazil, CPRM, Ministry of Mines and Energy of the Federative Republic of Brazil. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Bento Albuquerque, Minister of Mines and Energy, and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretary East and the Ministry of External Affairs. Memorando de entendimento no campo de recursos minerais do lado brasileiro, Sr. Bento Albuquerque, Ministro das Mines e Energia, do lado indiano, a Sr. Vijay Singh, Secretária do Leste. Next is an agreement on Social Security between the Republic of India and the Federative Republic of Brazil. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Ernesto Araujo, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretary East and the Ministry of External Affairs. A corredo de Previdência Social, assinado do lado brasileiro pelo embaixador Ernesto Araujo, Ministro de Estados Relações Exteriores, e do lado indiano pela Sr. Vijay Singh, Secretária do Leste. Number seven is an MOU on cooperation between Indian Computer Emergency Response Team, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology of the Republic of India, and the General Coordination of Network Incident Treatment Centre, Department of Information Security, Institutional Security, Cabinet of the Presidency of the Federative Republic of Brazil, on cooperation in the area of cyber security. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Augusto Eleno, Minister Chief of the Institutional Security Office, and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretary East and the Ministry of External Affairs. A corredo de Previdência Social, assinado do lado brasileiro pelo senior Augusto Eleno, Ministro Chief of the Institutional Security Office, and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Singh, Secretariat do Leste. Number eight is Program of Scientific and Technological Cooperation for Implementing the Agreement on Scientific and Technological Cooperation between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of India for the years 2020 to 2023. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency Mr. Marcos Pontes, Minister of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretary East and the Ministry of External Affairs. Programma de Cooperação Científica e Tecnológica 2020-2023, assinado do lado brasileiro pelo Ministro Marcos Pontes, Ministro da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Comunicação, e pelo lado indiano pela Senhora Vijay Singh, Secretariat do Leste. Number nine is an MOU between Invest India and the Brazilian Trade and Investment Promotion Agency, Apex Brazil. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by Mr. Sergio Segovia, President of Apex Brazil and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretary East and the Ministry of External Affairs. Memorando de entendimento Apex Invest India, assinado do lado brasileiro pelo Sr. Sergio Segovia, President of Apex Brazil, e do lado indiano pela Senhora Vijay Singh, Secretariat do Leste. Number ten is a joint declaration of intent between the Department of Animal Husbandry and Daring, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Daring of the Republic of India, and the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply of the Federative Republic of Brazil for cooperation in the fields of Animal Husbandry and Daring. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by Mr. Jorge Sif Jr. Secretary of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Brazil and on the Indian side by Shri Mati Vijay Thakur Singh, Secretariat do Leste. And number eleven is a MOU between Indian Oil Corporation, limited of the Republic of India and Centro Nacional de Pesquisa and Energia and Materiais on cooperation for establishing a nodal institution in India to carry out research on bioenergy. This will be exchanged on the Brazilian side by His Excellency, Mr. Marcos Pontes, Minister of Science, Technology, Innovation and Communication, and on the Indian side by Shri Sanjeev Singh, Chairman of the Indian Oil Corporation, Limited. Memorando de entendimento para o estabelecimento de instituição em bioenergia, assinado do lado brasileiro pelo Ministro Marcos Pontes, Ministro da Ciência, Tecnologia, Inovação e Comunicação, e pelo lado indiano por Shri Sanjeev Singh, Chairman da Indian Oil Corporation. Excellencies, we have four agreements that were signed on the sidelines of the visit, and I will just announce them. First was an agreement between the Republic of India and the Federative Republic of Brazil on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters. Number two, MOU for cooperation in the field of oil and natural gas between the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas of the Government of the Republic of India, and Ministry of Minds and Energy of the Government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. Number three was an MOU between the Ministry of Women and Child Development of India and the Ministry of Citizenship of the Federative Republic of Brazil in the field of early childhood. And finally, an MOU between Ministry of Ayush of the Government of the Republic of India and the Ministry of Health of the Federative Republic of Brazil on cooperation in the field of traditional systems of medicine and homeopathy. Outros quatro acordos foram assinados a margem da visita e são acordos sobre assistência mútua em matéria penal, memorando de entendimento sobre petróleo e gás, memorando de entendimento sobre primeira infância e memorando de entendimento sobre medicina tradicional e omeopatria. Excellencies, this concludes the exchange of agreements ceremony. I now request the spokesperson of the external affairs ministry to conduct the proceedings. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I welcome you all to this press event. To begin the proceedings, may I request the Honorable Prime Minister of India, Srinagar Modiji, to deliver his statement to the media. Your Excellency, Brazil's President, C. J. R. Bolsonaro, both countries' Prime Minister and right-wing friends, Namaskar, both are there, bevindo out of India. Dear friends, President Bolsonaro, and I welcome you all to India for the first time in the last eight months, this is our third meeting, this is a great friendship between us and the people of Brazil, and we will share our joy with a friend on this special occasion. I thank you all for accepting the invitation to India. This is the third opportunity that the President of Brazil has given us this respect. Friends, the strategic partnership between India and Brazil is based on our strong friendship. And that is why, despite being far away from each other, we are together on many of the islands of the world, and we are also the important partners in the development of each other. And that is why, today, President Bolsonaro and I have come together to strengthen our strategic partnership, and to strengthen it, a great action plan has been made. In 2023, both the countries will have a platinum jubilee of diplomatic relations. I am sure that by then, this action plan will make our strategic partnership people-to-people ties and business cooperation even deeper. I am happy that we have done a lot of important things today, such as bioenergy, cattle, genomics, health and traditional medicine, cyber security, science and technology, and we are focusing on new ways to increase the defense-industrial cooperation. We want a broad-based partnership in defense-yogh. We are happy to see these opportunities, that in the next few months, a large delegation of Brazil will take part in the deaf export 2020. I am happy that bioenergy, Ayurveda, and advanced computing have helped our academic and research institutions to improve research. Excellency, Brazil is a valuable partner in the economic transformation of India. In the field of food and energy, we look at Brazil as a trusted source for our needs. Our bilateral trade is increasing, but we can increase it by looking at both the major means and conditions. I am happy to welcome you to the Brazil-influenced business delegation in India. I am sure that the Indian business and business will have a good impact on their meeting. Friends, from both the countries, we have prepared a legal framework for the needy investment. Today, in the interconnected world, between India and Brazil, a significant step is taken to ease the social security agreement professionals. Friends, as there are two major international and advanced countries, a significant global and multilateral issue is deepening between India and Brazil. Whether it is a serious issue of terrorism or a question of innovation, our view on the difficult challenges faced by the world is very different. Brazil and India have a lot of resources. In a special way, our partnership with Brazil and India is a very important aspect. Today, we have decided that both the countries will help each other on multilateral issues. We will make our partners more important and we will try to improve the security of the country and other international organizations. Friends, I once again welcome you to the delegation of the international and multilateral Thank you, sir. Thank you, sir. It is now my pleasure to invite his Excellency Mr. Jair Bolsonaro, President of the Federative Republic of Brazil, to deliver his remarks to the media. Dear Prime Minister, Mr. Narendra Modi, ladies and gentlemen at large, media professionals attending this session, it gives me great pride to come to India at this point in time at the invitation as chief guest of honor for India's most important and high-profile celebration, which is your national republic day. What I have felt here since I arrived has come as no surprise. Tremendous human warmth, a tremendous sense of affection and care. Very much like we welcome the guests we love in Brazil, and that's again yet another element that brings us all together, the warmth of our two peoples, human warmth. We have just signed 15 agreements, and on our side we, of course as part of an international visit, we had no information on so many good agreements being signed during one bilateral visit, a state visit, the highest record, the highest number on record in our history. So we have indeed further consolidated our working bilateral relations, and I'm quite certain that in addition to all of these topics that we have covered today, we will see more matters of mutual interest emerge between us in our agendas, given the potentials that are there, and also given the very relevant profile of our two nations and economies. We will certainly make much further strides and progress. Brazil and India rank among the world's ten largest economies. Today, together we account for 1.5 billion people, and that being the case, it is just natural that we be in a position to offer a great deal to each other. Brazil has a lot to offer India, and the other way around is very much true. India does have a great deal to offer Brazil, likewise. So, yes, on the eve of India's National Republic Day, a very important date for India, I'm actually extremely anxious for tomorrow, I long for the celebrations tomorrow. So on the eve of that day today, what I can say is that I am deeply moved by the perception that our two great countries, by entering into major strategic partnerships, we will consolidate our relations and will ensure that the world at large will look at us in a different light. Different though, dear Prime Minister Modi, thank you very much for the opportunity. I must admit, I still have two more days before I go back to Brazil, but I already miss India, even before I leave. This concludes the press event. Thank you all for joining.


Back in the year, mumble mumble, many years ago, I was challenged to replicate a trick that Uri Geller, remember him, did for Barbara Walters on TV. Now what you'll see here first is a very bad quality outtake from a video copy of this program done way back when Barbara Walters had a morning program called Not For Women Only. The two magicians you'll see on the set with me are Mark Wilson from the magic land of Alakazam and the late Doug Henning, who is currently on Broadway at that time with his very successful live stage show. Barbara's producer, whose name I've mercifully forgotten long ago, didn't care much for me and threw every obstacle into my path as I tried to work my tricks. Somehow I persevered and rather surprised both Mark and Doug who were in stitches laughing when I told them later how I'd done my sneaky stuff. They'd missed it, though they were right in close. Now Geller had bent Barbara's key, a key about like this. She describes it as being done with psychic powers this trick, and she was obviously very impressed with it. Let's look at the first part of this video and see just what this old cauldron, somewhere around 33 years ago, was up to. A year ago we did on this program a week on psychic phenomenon. We did it very seriously. One of our panel members was Uri Geller, who is a young Israeli and has been tested by the Stanford Institute and by other scientists, and is said to have psychic powers. We had a former astronaut Edgar Mitchell on with us who believes in very much an Uri Geller. And, Randy, you've been going around their country, somewhat as Houdini used to in the past, trying to debunk those who say that it's psychic power. You say it's magic, right? Well, Barbara, you see, in what you have said just now, there's something rather revealing to me because you say that he's been tested by the scientists at the Stanford Research Institute. First of all, Stanford Research Institute is not connected in any way with Stanford University, though it happens to be on the grounds. It takes its name from its locality. And the Stanford Research Institute, as an institute, did not test Uri Geller. Two scientists there whose specialty is lasers. Nothing to do with psychology, nothing to do with conjuring, certainly. Whose specialty is lasers went through some private tests with Uri Geller under anything but test conditions. And since then, the psychology department down there, and I've read this in one of the psychological journals, has tested him, gave him a hundred envelopes that he was supposed to guess the contents of, and he failed each and every one of the hundred. Let me show some things he did with me. And I'm a pretty honest person, okay? I mean, we all know that. This is my house key. Uri Geller took it. Let's take this other one. It's a matching key. He went like this with it, with his finger. That's all. No pressure. And the key bent. You can see that. And I've carried it around because I found that I'm a believer now. He also, people in the audience, said that their key's bent. Well, I can't prove that. But I can prove that mine did. Here is my identical key. Touch it and make it bend. Now, we have another piece of metal. I need another piece of metal. He didn't use metal. He just used his finger. No, that's very true. That's very true. But I want to show you a comparison. Okay. Now, let me give you another key. Now, this is the bent one. Now, which camera is taking this? Can we get a close-up here now? You can see the bent one here. There is a definite bend in here. Is that right? Okay. Now, watch. Watch it very carefully. I am going to see if I... This is a different one from this one. This isn't a duplicate. Am I correct? Right. This one has a stamp on it saying 207 West something. This doesn't have a stamp on it. You see the little stamp on it there? Yeah. Would you hold the end of it very lightly in between your fingers, Barbara? And I'm just going to stroke it. Now, I'm not putting enough pressure on it to bend it. No. Okay. I'm just going to stroke it with my fingers very lightly like this. Now, look at the bend that's in the other key.  Very good. I'm glad to hear you say that. Would you show it to the camera, please? Now, is it bent as much as this key or not? Are you going to keep this key, too, Barbara? On your key chain? Next, Barbara spoke about the drawing replication trick, one of the only five tricks that Geller has ever been known to do. Her producer had challenged me to do it, hoping for a failure, of course. Barbara had made a drawing to test me and carefully kept it in her hot little hand right until she showed it on the set. Both Mark and Doug thought I'd go down in flames, but I had a couple of twists for them and for the audience. Show the urethane. Oh, we're going to show a tape. Okay. Very good. Can we show that? This is where he read my mind and reproduced a picture that only I had. Okay. Just to say, look at me. Visualize everything that you drew once more. I'm going to show what I got. And if I'm wrong, then I'm wrong. But it really came very strongly. I'll just tell you what first I thought it was and what it comes to appear now. First I thought there were two churches with peaks on or two houses. Then it turned to a letter M, and then it could be two mountains with a round thing on or two people. Can I show? Yeah, I'd like to. Am I wrong? You're right. All right. Good. That's what I got. The letter M, if you've got a letter M, it may not be because of that, but because my drawing is a drawing similar to one that my child does. It's a mother and child. Oh, that's... We have not had this envelope out of our sight. Randy has in no way been close to it. The closest you've been to it to my knowledge is right now, reproduced. Could you put it back in the book? I want to make sure that it is under good control. All right, Barbara, I'm going to ask you to concentrate on what's drawn inside there. That's the point of concentrating. Watch this Wilson. I may surprise you. You may surprise me. Are you concentrating on what you're doing there? I don't want you to see the end of the pen mover. You may look and say, hmm, that doesn't look quite right. I'm a very bad artist. You'll have to pardon me, Barbara, but all right, I've made what I believe to be an impression of it. Now, it can't be altered in any way. Would you be kind enough to open up the envelope? Let's see how right I was. Like Erie says, thanks God, I hope I'm right on this. That's the way you say it, you know. Well, I'll open it up and show it to the cameras. You'd be so kind. Where's the cameras? Here's the camera. Is that a house? Well, I don't draw.  A house? That's the house. That's the son, and that's a little person. Well, you'll pardon me for being a very bad artist, Barbara, but I didn't get the son at all. I got the little person, but I got the little person inside the house and the smoke coming out to the top here. That's all we could get of it. Thanks God you got it. Thanks God I got this. Yes, we got the house. If you're going to debunk this man who everybody believes, you have to tell us how you do it. I'm going to add the son here to make our results a little bit better. How about that, folks? Yes, you can't quite see the drawing that I made because it was made with a simple ballpoint pen, not a broad marker, as Geller had used. I assure you, it was very similar to Geller's. But notice, please, that Barbara prayed right into Geller's hands when she revealed her original drawing by inventing the M connection, which he meant to refer to the shape of the drawing. In any case, working through great difficulties, I managed to come through. Now, Barbara and I have met many times on many different programs since that event 33 years ago, and we just don't talk about this. I've never had to give her an explanation. She's satisfied that she doesn't have an explanation and she's still confounded. But that's the way it should be. You don't explain these things to the people who experienced them because they say, oh, yeah, I would have thought of that. But Barbara wouldn't have thought of this at all. Some of you magicians out there, if you watch very carefully, you can see the gimmick that I used. We thank you for watching this latest episode of James Randy Speaks. For more of James Randy and the Educational Foundation, make sure you visit randy.org.