Hey dreamers, welcome back to the dream green show. If you caught my last video, you know I've been investing $60 into Apple every single day for the past 110 days. Here's the update of Apple. They're sitting at $180 over the last year. They're up 43%. I just bought 100 shares over a contract I had on them. I'm still sending up almost $1,000 on Apple. So the experiment is still running well. Today we're gonna take a step further. We're gonna explore what the future might hold for my Apple investment over the next 10 years. Diving into Apple past performance, its growth trajectory, and why it's considered a smart investment. So let's go ahead and dive straight into it. But before we continue, I have a challenge for you. If you're excited on what's coming next in this video, go ahead and hit that thumbs up button. It really helps out this channel more than you can even imagine. So if you wanna help dreamers find content like this, hitting that thumbs up button really counts. Let's make every light count. So go ahead and hit that thumbs up button. Appreciate it. All right, but before we dive into it, this video is brought to you by Moomoo. Sign up now by clicking the link down in the description. If you signed up, the positive $100, you can receive up to 15 free stocks. Guys, they also have a 5.1% APY interest on your cash sweep on the cash that's sent inside your account. So that's an easy way to make 5% on your cash by doing absolutely nothing, just by holding it inside of that brokerage account and also picking up 15 free stocks. Guys, go ahead and get that free money. Also, I'm gonna leave a link in the description to Weeble. You signed up with Weeble. Deposit any amount of money. You can deposit $1 if you want to and you can receive up to 12 free stocks. With those 12 free stocks, you can keep them inside the portfolio and decide to use it. Or you can sell those 12 free stocks and withdraw all of your money. Guys, it's literally free money. Do not miss out on this amazing opportunity. But let's go ahead and dive straight into this video. Now I had a lot of people ask me why am I investing so much into Apple? Why am I not putting inside a high paying, dividend stock like SEHD, QYLD or others so that I could live off of my dividends in the next 10, maybe 20 years, right? Why am I not putting inside an ETF like VOO or QQQ? Well, we're gonna take a look at that and get some real results at the end of this video. So make sure you stick to the end of this video so you don't miss out on any crucial information. All right, so now back to Apple. First, let's talk about that journey. In the last decade, did you know that over the past 10 years Apple stock has seen phenomenal? I'm talking about amazing growth. From reinventing personal technology with the iPhone to expanding into services and wearables, Apple has consistently pushed the boundaries. This innovation and growth have been reflected inside of there. That stock price showing an impressive upward trend. So we're gonna look at the past 10 years and see how much I might have in the future. Will it be millions? Will it be worthless? I don't know, but we shall see, all right? So looking into the future, all right? So we're gonna try to look into the future. While past performance is not guaranteed for future performance, right? Apple continued to focus on innovations and expansions into new markets like health technology with their watches, right? And potentially automobiles, maybe an Apple car or technology within electronic vehicles, right? I'm thinking Apple car, all right? If Apple maintains even just a fraction, just a fraction of growth rate from the last decade, my investments today would be some natural growth in the next 10 years. So now if we was to compare it to a stable ETF like VRO QQQ on why choose Apple? Let's break down what makes Apple such a standout first of all, all right? Apple is the world's largest company by market capitalization. They're a trillion dollar company and a certain level of security for many investors, right? But for me, it do. Now they're not just a technology company, they're becoming an integrate part of people's lifestyle globally. They also have a massive amount of cash on hand. I'm talking billions of dollars in reserves. This financial cushion allows them to invest into new technologies, whether if the economic is going in the downturn, they're gonna have so much cash on hand and allows them to continue that streak of acquiring innovative companies almost every single year. Well, it is every single year. There are about 20 companies in the S&P 500 that carries the whole entire S&P 500 and Apple is among one of the top companies that carry the S&P 500. Apple just is just sitting on a cash pile that actively invest in and to acquiring smaller companies that can add value to their ecosystem. These acquisitions often include startups in areas like artificial intelligence, augmented reality, and health technology. That's how they're able to add things to they watch every year, make a new Apple headset. They're buying up these smaller companies that's on the cutting edge of technology. They're buying them and added them into Apple company and to their products, right? So they buy at least like 20 companies every single year. They acquire and buy 20 companies, whole companies every single year. Apple does that, all right? All right, so let's go ahead and take a look at the past performance and see how much money can I make in the future in the next 10 years.  Welcome back, dreamers. Here we are on site, my portfolio visualizer. So let's say we started invested all the way back in 2000, what year is it, 2024? So let's just say 2013, 2024 just started. That's 10 years ago. Let's say we started with $1,000 and we contribute a fixed amount of, what is it, $60 every single day, five days a week. That's $1,200 a month, right? $1,200 a month, monthly, and we're going to reinvest our dividends into Apple, take a simple AAPL. There we go, $100, I mean 100% of the portfolio inside AAPL, right? Okay, so let's do the math where I could combine my investing $1,200 a month for 12 months. That's around $14,400 a year. Multiply that by 10 years. That's over the next 10 years, I should have been investing one, $144,000 into Apple, right? All right, so let's go ahead and hit analyze the portfolio right here and see how much we might have in future. Oh my God, guys, with just $60 every single day in the next 10 years, I would have almost a million dollars. We're almost $900,000 in Apple. I'm bringing in $890,000 by itself over the next from the last 10 years, right? So we look at Apple, this how much we'll be making in dividends, around $4,327 a year in dividends, but we'll be well on our way to a million dollar account and probably in just one more year, we'll have a million dollars inside of our Apple account. Now if we compare this to another ticker symbol like D-O-O, which is the S&P 500. It tracks the top 500 companies in America and let's just throw out another high dividend stock out there, let's SCHD, the one that everybody loves to invest into. Remember, past performance does not predict future performance, but let's just take a quick look. Here it goes with V.O.O. Tracks the S&P 500, you'll have $358,000, that's nowhere close to $900,000 and with SCHD, a lot of people invest into that for dividends that have $336,000. If we take a look at the dividends, of course with SCHD, you'll be bringing in $11,000 a year, but that's still nowhere close to having $900,000 and that's why I'm taking the chance, that's why I'm taking the risk on a good quality company, that Apple, that is a trillion dollar market cap company that has billions of dollars of cash on hand that acquire companies every single year that does stock buy, that does stock splits. That's why I'm investing so heavily into them and taking a risk and taking a chance because I want that nine, where is it, I want that almost $900,000 in Apple guys. So there we go. So what does that leave my investment? If Apple continues on its current trajectory, my daily investments of $60 a day could potentially significantly grow a lot, all right? Using historical growth rates as a guiding factor in Apple's strong market position in financial wealth, we're looking at a promising future. Now, let me know down in the comments section, guys. Let me know down in the comments section so that I can stop investing into Apple so heavily and start throwing it inside, VOO, QQQ, SESD, or another potential company that has a lot to have a lot of growth potential. Or should I continue to invest into Apple until they make some kind of crazy major change in their company structure or something like that? But for the foreseeable future, I think I'm going to invest into Apple. Let me know down in the comments section, what do you think I should do? Is there a company that you absolutely love that you're buying into, no matter what? Let me know if you're a dollar cost averaging as well down in the description. Guys, before we leave, make sure that you hit that thumbs up button. Make sure you go down to the description. Moomoo, you sign up for Moomoo, get those free stocks. Sign up for Weeble, get those free stocks. Remember, if you already got Robinhood, if you already got Weeble, go ahead, sign up with Moomoo. If you already got Moomoo, go ahead, sign up with Weeble. It's free stocks, it does not hurt to have money in multiple places. It does not hurt to get free stocks. Do not miss out on those opportunities. But yeah, guys, that's it. Zeke, bringing you to Dream Green Show. Hit that thumbs up button and I'm out. Peace.


Hey everyone, welcome to Echo Calib. So let's go over my account. Been playing for six days. I think, yeah, six days. So tomorrow is my day seven. So far, I'm at level 47 in terms of the account. Opened up most of the content. Syndicate is actually open already for patrol. I already opened Liberation. So I think most of the content I've opened so far, so far I think. But we are actually ways away from, you know, from getting that far. So so far that is where I am in terms of still ambition. I'm not only at 57. I'm not sure if I'm going to get Niz at this point. I joined the game late already. So Niz is kind of out of the question. Let's go to the case that I have so far. So I have one, two, Yulia, Fenriru, Kiki, Seth, Bastet, Tara, Garula, Regina, and Baphomet for my SSR. So based on what I have, do you think I use the best ones or are there anyone here who is from the six that I haven't used? Are there any, you know, are they good enough that I should swap them out? I'm actually using a team we're in. There's a lot of synergy built into them and as well as DPS. So let's take a look at my squad. For my squad, Fenriru, of course, is here. She's actually free. Yulia is here. Nizana is here as well. Yor is good for healing. Then you have Kiki. Kiki surprisingly good DPS and you have here Senko. So that is my team. So far for equipment, I only have Shatter for SRs. I have this incomplete set, then I have this complete set with Kiki here. So as far their levels, they're at 42, most of them. And if you take a look at their boost augment is roughly at around three. Only one is four or yeah, only two is four. So the rest are three going for breakthrough wise. So far, I only have one for Yulia and two for Fenriru. So that is how I have been. Actually, I'm happy with this team so far in terms of the deployment. So this is how my deployment looks like. Assist wise, these girls are really giving me a lot for the links that I have. So link activated is 14. You should make sure that you have a high activation for links so that it can give you a lot of bonuses for your combat team. Artifact is I have Crown of Bal. So the first one to deals 33 damage and to random increase allies attack by 15%. This is the first one because I'd like to put a buff if I do on auto. So that is the first to trigger. The next one is this one, a burn damage for one. Then this one is a stun, this is a damage plus 60% of inflict stun on target with highest HP. This is damage on the front row. And the last one is actually very crucial. Take note that it's really important to have a little bit of healing, especially for your artifact. Additional healing, especially if you have a tank that needs a lot of healing. So that is it. So I put Kiki here for immediate damage, DPS. At first, then you have your tank here. Yule in the middle, then Fenriru. That is my front line. You have Nesshana at the back. Iori for healing and Senkeko for additional DPS and all around. She's the one I think that I should replace eventually but I'm still waiting for this to be open. So that I could place her here and probably replace her with somebody else. So that is what I'm thinking and that is so far my deploy 2 to activate or attack plus 90. Okay, so this is Leader Buff, Case Resonance. So I only have 2 so far. Armor percentage, deploy 3. SSR characters from the same two factions. So I have to have at least one more to activate this. This is for SSRs. So that is the Buff for SSRs as well. So please take note of that as you accumulate SSRs. Then let's check out which faction do I need. So they are, let's just check them out. Going back to the cases here. So I do have, let's go through the Bifrost. So I only have 2. So I lack one more SSR to put in the team and additional buffs for my squad. Okay, so that is it. So the reason for the rest, just want to go back for Enriro of course, damage for all. So she's the sweeper. Snezzana also, she's a sweeper for the front. She has high damage. Yori would be your healer again. They compliment each other. I like this team so far and actually I just am near the point wherein I'm satisfied with my lineup already. So a lot more to summon. So far I don't have any more summons. I did a summon video just before this one. So that is it guys. So far Storehouse, nothing too special here. We've discussed artifact, the case squad and for the complex. So far I am archived. I'm already good as for my dormitory. Can I give somebody a bath? No, not now. Okay, so far this is how my dormitory looks like. And my work agency. I'm going to click all of these and let's see if I can level up this building. No, I need 40 more. So that is it. Slowly but surely six days of playing have to open something up. Activate these so that we could add member HP bonus. Okay. There you go. So far overall my thoughts on the game. I don't mind the autoplay at this point. There are a lot of content in this game that if you don't auto you'll really spend a lot of time. So I don't really mind um I don't really mind the autoplay. So a lot of content to do on your complex to syndicate to patrol to looking for combat missions and also looking through this one.  And that's it. So thank you guys. So comments on my you know on my account. So what do you think of my account? What do you think of my squad? Do you think they are good? Which ones should I replace? Which ones should I use? Based on this and based on the remaining cases that I have that there they are. I have six remaining SSRs that I've reduced and the rest are ours. Okay guys. So again thank you very much for staying this far. So take care. Stay safe. This is the warden and I'm out here.


Ynw'n gweithio'n gwneud i chi i ddim yn dweud i'w ddiolch. Mae'n gweithio'n gwneud i'w ddiolch. Mae'n gweld i'r Pique Oil FPh 1 o'r 205 a'r gwneud hynny'n gweithio. Felly, yn y gallu'n gyfnodd Cymru, mae'n ddiweddio'n gweithio'n gweithio'n 205, mae'r cychwyn i'n gwneud i chi, ac mae'n gwneud i chi'n gwneud i chi, mae'n gwneud i chi'n gwneud i chi. Rwy'n gobeithio gweithio'r ddweud yn twfynol. Mae'r cwaith hon oeddwn i'w ddweud y mynedd yw'r cyffordd hynny yn ddwylo'r prif erioed. Mae'r cyffordd hynny'n ddweud o'r cyffordd sy'n meddwl ar wahanol sydd gweithio'r cyffordd hefyd yn ei wneud. Yn dweud yn ddechrau ddechrau'r bobl, ac nad ymarfer yn ddechrau'r bobl, ddim yn ddau ar y ddechrau ar gyfer gyllidau sydd gyfliadau, ond mae Egypt yn arweinyddol yma yn ymgyrch chi'n gwiswm ymlaen, yn ymlaen i Uzbekistau yn ymlaen i wasgwyd i'n gwiswm ymlaen, ymlaen i Turkmenistau i'n gwiswm. Mae argyntau'n gystafellydd yn ymlaen i ddechrau'r bobl i'n gwiswm ymlaen, Fel Wreppsall, across Wales we know is in trouble, Malaysia could be in trouble and Syria certainly in trouble. So the oil is approximate cost of their. Now if we just take the major North Sea producers we find that collectively their consumption, the red line has been absolutely flat going nowhere, but their production has been falling pretty steadily. As a result where, as they were offering the world 14 million barrels a day of of exports at the start of the decade we're already down to one and a half and falling now this this is important because when an exporting country goes from exporting to importing the imports are a charge on the world system if you like and the people who aren't getting the exports that are no longer there is also a charge on the world system so as the number of exporters net exporters goes down you've got more and more demand on the smaller and smaller pie and consequently the price goes up pretty rapidly now this is this is production the industry is bedevilled by different definitions basically the blue line is everything that burns and can be used more or less as a foil substitute and the green line is is crude and lease condensate which as you see has been on absolutely flat plateau since 2005 is quite incorrectly predicted this is the stuff that goes into refineries if you haven't got any more of this stuff you can't have any more refineries so if you build a refinery in china you're going to have to close one in europe with the united states or let throughputs go down to quite unprofitable levels the things that have been going up with the in jails of the biofuels we won't worry about it very much global consumption tends to tip down after big crisis we're seeing some rather strange adjustments coming in and some of these actually anti-date the the problem these are all us figures because the us is much better at identifying this this is a terrifying one that in 2006 us disposed of Lincoln peaks there's declined since the number of vehicles on the road as that seems to have stabilised for the last four or five years the real GDP has fallen so we're getting consequences of peak oil already or this this part of peak oil now this is what prices have done over the last since 2000 and we've now got a reasonable explanation for every bit of this the early part the price simply hunts around supplies essentially adequate to people's requirements the price stays at 25 dollars or under we then run out of in this case we ran out of popex that has to be at the time around there and we moved on to this tightening trend it's quite a solid trend this bit was associated with Saudi offering to put a lot of oil on the market and then not putting it on then this bit was because we went on believing that we could just pay higher prices and we didn't need to adapt and of course there was very incremental supply so eventually the thing went bang it's worth remembering that the only people who buy crude oil are refiners they buy it in the expectation of making a profit now a lot of nonsense is talked about futures markets and speculators and the rest of it they are essentially doing the equivalent of backing the 330 at new market backing the 330 at new market doesn't alter the outcome at the race or not normally it may it may however alter the degree of sentiment if futures markets are very strong the refiners may feel they've really got to get hold of that crude they may fit it up higher than it might be so there may be 10 or 20 dollars of speculation right in that cap there then we got into a strange mexican standoff where there was too much oil on the market opec didn't want to cut back the oil companies didn't want to cut back they they stood eyeballing each other the price basically went down to the marginal cost of canadian tar sand production they did actually turn anything off because opec blinked opec then started output cuts price started recovering and in no time it was back onto this typing trend we're now in this sort of danger zone where we're fairly sure that if prices get much above this our economies have real problems we know if we can get it back the other side they start firing again we've got this strange split between us and european prices and so so that's that's where we are at this point now this i think is a key point if we take the period since 2005 when things started getting difficult we see that was huge demand increase outside europe and north america a rather limited supply increment less than half the demand from this lot so the only way supply and demand could balance is by north america and europe actually reducing their consumption so we've literally passed supply from the high per capita users to the lower per capita users now whether this can go on or how far it can go on we don't know now pursuing that just shows the oil companies peak that just shows that opec doesn't have much of their capacity that shows the linkage to prices and recessions that's sort of an idea of the dependence of barriers but if we want that you will probably heard quite a lot recently about how american demand is falling and how its production is increasing well people have been looking at a very narrow piece of that chart and drawing very excitable conclusions about how the world is saved if we actually look over a longer period yes after a rather strange mid decade bubble american demand has come down it's actually lower than it was at the start of the decade but not a lot and production is a little bit higher than it was at the start of the decade so good news but not that good news now if we do a simple exercise we take treat south america's niland and we say what's the collective demand of all the south american countries what's the collective production of the south american countries and therefore what have they got left for the rest of us and the answer is this that their demand has been increasing faster production has been increasing so the availability net exports have been going down and pretty solid line no immediate sign that's about to change if we look at the middle east much bigger and much more important obviously enough but we see the same thing we see a strong growth in their internal consumption i've just aggregated the whole middle east together production has actually gone up but their available exports are actually below where they were in mid decade and if you look at south arabia the mighty south arabia it increased production by a million barrels a day last year it increased it further going into this year but its net exports are still lower than they were in 2005 now that's a quite staggering idea i've done the same treating africa and niland the same thing obviously we had a big fall off in 2011 with libia and sudan not producing but you're again you're getting a similar pattern so even if we restore libia which you will more or less have it's likely that we have net exports that are smaller than they were in mid decade so have we got any good news well it appears that the central asia and russia demand is pretty flat a little bit of increment at the end they've been going up pretty steadily but there's some evidence that this is sort of starting to flatten out and that that also starts to look slightly discouraging so economics works but not necessarily how we how we think it might or how how we hope it might the rest of the people are involved in sophisticated modelling to try and understand how how we've had up i'm just here to pose a few of the questions and so that's what i've done a my own rather limited modelling which just looks at the new projects coming on stream suggests that yes we notionally have a degree of spare capacity a degree of slack up to about 215 to 16 and then on likely demand trends it it will will disappear so then you'll have nothing on the left hand side in terms of increment and any demand will have to be met by rearrangement of who gets it this is sufficiently small that one geopolitical upheaval could could remove it so so the this point can easily move back to there at this point i'll thank you very much for attention and hopefully later i'll answer the question


1 Corinthians chapter 2 verses 9 through 16. That is what the scriptures mean when they say, No eye has seen, no ear has heard, and no mind has imagined what God has prepared for those who love Him. But it was to us that God revealed these things by His Spirit, for His Spirit searches out everything and shows us God's deep secrets. No one can know a person's thoughts except that person's own Spirit. And no one can know God's thoughts except God's own Spirit. And we have received God's Spirit, not the world's Spirit, so we can know the wonderful things God has freely given us. When we tell you these things, we do not use words that come from human wisdom. Instead, we speak words given to us by the Spirit, using the Spirit's words to explain spiritual truths. But people who aren't spiritual can't receive these truths from God's Spirit. It all sounds foolish to them, and they can't understand it. For only those who are spiritual can understand what the Spirit means. Those who are spiritual can evaluate all things, but they themselves cannot be evaluated by others. For who can know the Lord's thoughts? Who knows enough to teach Him? But we understand these things, for we have the mind of Christ. John 14, 15-18, If you love me, obey my commandments, and I will ask the Father and He will give you another advocate who will never leave you. He is the Holy Spirit who leads into all truth. The world cannot receive Him because it isn't looking for Him and doesn't recognize Him. But you know Him because He lives with you now and later will be in you. No, I will not abandon you as orphans. I will come to you, John 14, 26. But the advocate, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all things and will remind you of everything I have said to you. Isaiah 11, 1 and 2. Out of the stump of David's family will grow a chute, yes, a new branch bearing fruit from the old root, and the Spirit of the Lord will rest on Him, the Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and might, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of the Lord. 1 Corinthians 6, 19 and 20.  You do not belong to yourself, for God bought you with a high price. So you must honor God with your body. Romans 8, 9 through 17. You are not controlled by your sinful nature. You are controlled by the Spirit if you have the Spirit of God living in you. And remember that those who do not have the Spirit of Christ living in them do not belong to Him at all.  The Spirit of God, who raised Jesus from the dead, lives in you. And just as God raised Christ Jesus from the dead, He will give life to your mortal bodies by this same Spirit living within you. Therefore, dear brothers and sisters, you have no obligation to do what your sinful nature urges you to do. For if you live by its dictates, you will die. But if through the power of the Spirit you put to death the deeds of your sinful nature, you will live. For all who are led by the Spirit of God are children of God. So you have not received a Spirit that makes you fearful slaves. Instead, you received God's Spirit when He adopted you as His own children. Now we call Him Abba Father. For His Spirit joins with our Spirit to affirm that we are God's children. And since we are His children, we are His heirs. In fact, together with Christ, we are heirs of God's glory. But if we are to share His glory, we must also share His suffering. Revelation 5.6 Then I saw a lamb that looked as if it had been slaughtered, but it was now standing between the throne and the four living beings and among the 24 elders. He had seven horns and seven eyes, which represent the sevenfold Spirit of God that is sent out into every part of the earth. Acts 1.8 But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem, in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth. Acts 2.1-21 On the day of Pentecost, all the believers were meeting together in one place. Suddenly, there was a sound from heaven, like the roaring of a mighty windstorm, and it filled the house where they were sitting. Then, what looked like flames or tongues of fire appeared and settled on each of them, and everyone present was filled with the Holy Spirit and began speaking in other languages as the Holy Spirit gave them this ability. At that time, there were devout Jews from every nation living in Jerusalem. When they heard the loud noise, everyone came running, and they were all bewildered to hear their own languages being spoken by the believers. They were completely amazed. How can this be, they exclaimed? These people are all from Galilee, and yet we hear them speaking in our own native languages. They stood there amazed and perplexed. What can this mean, they asked each other. But others in the crowd ridiculed them, saying, they're just drunk, that's all. Then Peter stepped forward with the 11 other apostles and shouted to the crowd, listen carefully all of you, fellow Jews and residents of Jerusalem. Make no mistake about this, these people are not drunk as some of you are assuming. 9 o'clock in the morning is much too early for that. You know, what you see was predicted long ago by the prophet Joel. In the last days, God says, I will pour out my spirit upon all people. Your sons and daughters will prophesy. Your young men will see visions, and your old men will dream dreams. In those days, I will pour out my spirit even on my servants, men and women alike, and they will prophesy. And I will cause wonders in the heavens above and signs on the earth below, blood and fire and clouds of smoke. The sun will become dark, and the moon will turn blood red before that great and glorious day of the Lord arrives, but everyone who calls on the name of the Lord will be saved.


The challenge of the Yukon King the swiftest strongest of Eskimo lead dogs blazes the trail through storm and snow for Sergeant Preston as he meets the challenge of the Yukon Sergeant Preston was typical of the small band of Northwest Mottet police who preserved law and order in the Yukon during the gold rush of 98 that was the year that brought over 50,000 men swarming into the Klondike region and the greed for gold led to frequent violence and bloodshed but in spite of the odds against them the force preserved a splendid record in maintaining the right the challenge of the north was answered and justice rule triumphant the bank in Dobie City was a small frame building rich in gold deposits from some of the finest claims in the Yukon late afternoon two men faced bid Miller Dobie's banker guns leveled as the small man faced them defiantly he won't dare to shoot the whole town would be here in two minutes two minutes to be all we need to get out of here open that safe I'm not opening those safe doors full around force them come on let them have it for the last time open that safe you'll never get away with this we'll get away with it all right what are you waiting for go on turn that combination that's what I call being real persuasive now Sam yeah maybe our friend here is sensible after all you'll see how sensible I am you might carry this gold out of here but mark my word you'll never get away with it open the doors lift that gold out of the safe all of it yeah they don't want to miss any this is even better than you said what a haul we'll the boss sees it anymore in there anymore do you see anymore I guess sure he is giving us all the help we need Tony I get you Sam no no wait a minute talk too much this is just to keep you from putting some minors on a trail you dirty yellow skunk or in a drop of red blood in either of you I'll see no that's it it'll be a long time before he can tell anything get up the rest of them folks as soon as we get out of here the better Sergeant Preston was a good three hours from Dolby City as he urged King on toward a small cabin standing alone in a clearing a strong wind bit into him sharply King on you now that smoke from the chimney certainly looks good all right King oh you huskies hold on and see it fella we'll stop in to see more creamer hello there more how are you well Preston a long time did you stop by these parts just on my way to Dolby Mort I thought I'd stop in for a while how's everything going well but same as usual come on in so cold up here I don't know how men stand let's see you good for you as I remember it you never did like the climate yeah you want to bring your dog in no no King will stay out here well rest a few minutes before going on sit down tell me what brings you to these parts you say you're going to Dolby City that's right that's gold robberies again what group of men have been systematically robbing banks all the way from Skagway to well that's just it to where one after the other you got any information that makes you think they're around here yes and no if I'm right I have a hunched over you'll be there next stopping off place all goes to prove I'm right I always said it's no use banking your dust just puts it all in one place for the first smart crook that comes along to clean up I think you're wrong there Mort banks are necessary up here and it's up to the law to protect them maybe I shouldn't say so but you ain't done much protecting up to now I mean well they were robbed you've got a point in favor of your argument what it's my job to stop those robberies I wish you luck sergeant they must be a mighty slick gang yeah what's that what do you want these friends of yours more friends of mine never saw them before you too stop for grub yeah we thought we could buy some from you mister looks more to me as if you thought you could take my team it's all right king where you're heading for pikeston if it's all the same to you money will my where'd you come from why the gun sergeant these men will have to come to doby with me more Toby or your dad we're going to pikeston you're both going to doby with me and explain those bags from Adobe City Bank on your sled what I'd never noticed them they weren't very carefully put on the sled two of them slip them under that pack all right you two yeah put these handles on them what oh you can't do this he's doing any shut up maybe you think your boss can get you out of this one now maybe he better mister hey these might be the men you were looking for sergeant we'll soon find out I imagine the banker and doby will be able to throw a lot of light on the subject get the dogs up king I'll go to doby with you it ain't every day I get a chance to watch the law working on bank robbers it was late afternoon as sergeant Preston closed the doors on his two prisoners in doby city and it was an excited banker who stood by grinning triumphantly yes sir they're the ones all right made me open a safe that hit me on the head I still got a bump still hurts to I wanted you to identify them bid last thing I said to them was that they wouldn't get away with it now who's laughing boys sergeant Preston I got a handle to you if it hadn't been for you I hate to think of what would happen that's a little too soon to hand anything to anybody bid what do you mean sergeant well it's true that we've got the robbers jail and you've got the gold back in the bank seems to me that's about there's more to it than that much more you see bid there's someone else behind these robberies I'm convinced of it say how did you mention it when I swung the safe doors open one of them said just wait till the boss sees this did they say anything else anything more definite no no that's all maybe even get him to tell who it is they're all alike once they get in a tight spot they'll tell everything they know I've already talked to them no luck no but they may change their minds I'm convinced that these are the men who've been responsible for those robberies in Belle Vista door and high town you're right and they're the ones that must have killed old tool in high top look saying we've got visitors again what do you want money I'm giving you to a chance to lighten your sentences that's mighty interesting but if you're here to ask for names you're wasting your time a minor's jury won't go easy on you unless you help me get the man in back of you two you have nothing to lose and everything to gain you're right on one thing we got everything to gain just by staying here waiting and waiting for what you'll be convicted of robbery while your boss makes a getaway with the goal he's holding those other banks honey we ain't talking and suit yourself there's a chance for you to help yourself we'll get help all right and you can put this in your books we won't be here long enough to be convicted by a minor's jury see easy to see they ain't got a brain between them there ain't a soul in dope it'd be like to spread the news of you two being in jail where do you any good we don't need anybody to spread the news shorty all right come on good save your breath money you'll need it to explain why you're jailed if you were that jury gets together what do you make of it sergeant you see mighty sure themselves yes too sure I don't understand it there's only one explanation what's that put yourself in that place Ben if you were jailed here in Dobie City and your boss was say over in Pikeston what would you do I try to get word to him I guess you wouldn't be so sure that you could get word to him in time to get out of facing a trial it's two days away would you know I wouldn't and if I was in their shoes I'd either make sure he'd face that trial with me or I'd break my neck seen somebody that would tell him to get me out of jail or else they haven't talked to anyone since more than I brought the man and yet they're so plumb sure that beats me there's only one answer to it the man we're looking for must be right here in Dobie City right here say who do you support that must be it yes of course it is in that case the only thing to do is to double the guard on the jail and make sure he don't get the chance to spring them by golly that's it and when they see that trial coming up and no helping their boss no I think that will force his hand what will give this boss of theirs just the chance he's waiting for I don't get you you mean you know who is no I don't know is well then you're going to take a chance on leaving the jail unguarded if we leave the jail obviously unguarded he's expect to trick immediately remember this is the man responsible for a string of bank robberies that he's gotten away with up to now now he'd be too smart to fall for a trap like that I'll need your help bid and King I'll do anything I can but I still don't see him and I are going down to the war and upstream a bit tomorrow morning early the next morning miners thronged the streets in Dolby City they were gathered in the cafe in the general store and lounging outside the frame buildings bordering Main Street when suddenly bid Miller came racing from the wharf at the riverfront at the streets and river trying to pull him out yeah I want to see that come on Mike it was a stampede man who are hungry for excitement and entertainment raced down to the wharf some of them already laying bets on whether or not the dog would be successful in pulling the man out of the rushing waters of the Yukon River as bid ran past the jail he called to the guard don't you want to see it claim hey you are too good to miss Sandy can keep his eyes on them too prisoner the street that only two minutes before had been crowded with men was deserted more creamer walked out of the cafe and slipped up behind the one guard left standing outside of the jail the man was facing the wharf listening intently to the wild cries of the miners he never realized his danger till mark was upon him now they get the keys lady loves playing right into my hands I want to find which one of these a what's that's me a while there is beginning to worry about you knew better than that what do you think I came to town with the money for what I tell you Sam see boy will that money be surprised how'd you manage it Preston managed it all right come on my sled and back at the cafe where you mean Preston manage it every miner in town is watching that dog of his pull some fool out of the river was dog I hope that mutt never gets out just a chance I was waiting for yeah that's a good thing for you it came up because of it hadn't we'd have told enough about them robberies to hang you fool what could I do in front of Preston come on we've wasted enough time Preston might be back any minute wrong more right now I thought I was down at the river with the miners that the coast was clear I should have known these two stopped at your cabin more than it was all prearranged at your cabinet's the hideout but I've got enough evidence now to put you just where you belong what happened to Sandy that wasn't any man just a dummy somebody stopped the clothes and send down the river it worked more yes but it worked more Cramer is the man we're looking for I was standing behind the office door waiting for him and he walked right into the trap I think we'll find the gold from those other robberies out of his cabin well I don't get this you'll hear about it in court tomorrow Tim lock them all up did well even if it was a dummy you should have seen that dog you're swimming I never seen anything like it good work fellow good work yes with your help another case has been solved upholding the motto of the Northwest mounted police sergeant Preston and the great dog King maintain the right and get their man don't miss their next thrilling adventure when they meet the challenge of the Yukon once again on Saturday at this same time challenge of the Yukon a copyrighted feature of the challenge of the Yukon incorporated brought to you every Saturday at this time originated in the transcription studios of WXYZ Detroit the characters and events in tonight's drama were fictitious


Hi everybody. So our next presenter who is already here remotely in the Zoom room, and we'll be going on screen in just a moment, is presenter Fitri Ayu from Creative Commons Indonesia. They're talking about exploring the potential of Wikimedia Commons to promote OER among educators in Indonesia. Here they are. Hi. Okay. Thank you for introduction. So we should start it. Let us share screen first. Can you see? Hello. Hello. I'm trying to share my presentation. Are my voice heard clearly and you can see the screen. Does my presentation. Okay. Thank you. Okay. Welcome to our session. First of all, let us introduce ourselves. My name is Fitri Ayu and I'm here with my friends Raymond Sutanto. We work from Creative Commons Indonesia. In this session, we would like to share about exploring the potential of the Wikimedia Commons to promote OER among educators in Indonesia. So, where we promote OER because we are running a digital project, which is an OER project by Creative Commons Indonesia. We started this project last year and got support from Wikimedia Foundation, which is Wikimedia Alliance Foundation and also Creative Commons HQ. And our target participant is an educator in wider meaning, which is anyone who involved in teaching activities and who ever created digital teaching learning material. And this is, as you can see, our objective and what we did. We divided three stages of what we did. First of all, we created educational material OER in Bahasa Indonesia because it's hard to find OER material in Bahasa Indonesia. And second stage is promoted OER for educator through webinar and workshop. And the last is we held a training for educators. And this is us, Fitri, Raymond, Sutanto, and also Lenny. We got supported by Creative Commons Indonesia team and we're not doing it alone. Together with our collaborator, which represent from Ministry, Institutional Organization and GO community that focus and for concern on education in Indonesia. So that was the starter and here is our main course in the session, how we use Wikimedia Commons in our project. In general, we integrate all of the activities in the project, in this project using Wikimedia Commons. Why we are using Wikimedia Commons? Because for us, Wikimedia Commons is the best platform to application of 5R principle OER that stated by David Whaley, which is retain, reuse, remix, revise and redistribute. And this is our first stage. We creating a booklet OER for educator in Bahasa Indonesia and also module for trainer in Bahasa Indonesia, of course, and also the poster infographic of videos. We uploaded all of this material, learning material about OER or publish it in Wikimedia Commons. By doing that, we are using Wikimedia Commons as our archive and also lead license it with CC by SA license so anyone anywhere anytime can use it or share it legally. So in the first stage we using as our repository work that we produce and the second stage we promoted about OER through webinar in East part of Indonesia and also we held workshop in person in West part of Indonesia. In this stage we are raising awareness about copyright CC license OER and also we introduce about Wikimedia Commons as one of the OER repository, which is free to access, no need to subscribe and no ads. We asked our participant to prove it by downloaded our OER booklet or downloaded it to demonstrate it the first R of OER principle which is retain so they can download it, CC license works, take the benefit of it and prove it the OER principle retain. After they downloaded it, we asked them also to publish their CC license work with exemplars by their own photos that they took before and also we asked them to give their contribution to Wikimedia Commons. This act demonstrated to how to publish their work in CC license and also how to mindfully license their work with CC license. Why we say that because once when we want to upload our works in Wikimedia Commons, we got a lot of questions from Wikimedia Commons for example is that your work or not and we have to choose which license and we get the statement I, the user name, the copyright release the right of the work. So it's good to our participant mindfully license their work with CC license. So we're using it in every workshop for 400 educators while we are doing workshop and webinar and you can see the works of the photos from participants in Category, Lococarea, FPD, 2023. And for our material you can access in the category Project Adichita. And the last stage we held OER training. So in this training, we also introduced about Wikimedia Commons, we asked them to upload their photo, not only just uploaded the photo, we asked them to reuse what in Wikimedia File as their digital, as the raw material to create their OER. Or digital teaching learning. So this, we also using Wikimedia Commons integrated in this latest stage of our activities. And for this part, my friends, we will share it to you. Raymond. Okay. Hello, everyone. I'm Raymond. And today I'm going to tell you about how many digital projects contribute to Wikimedia Commons. Okay, so far, about 443 files have been uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. And that is 53 files of them are communication materials that we created that includes the booklets and then also illustration, infographics that we use on social media. And the last is videos that we talked and we created for the OER training that have been mentioned by F3. And the second is about 200 photos that uploaded from our workshop participants and the dissemination workshop. So what's the difference between OER workshop and dissemination workshop? OER workshop is the workshop that conducted by us. And the dissemination workshop is conducted by the winner of OER training participants. So we choose three winners from the OER training participants and they conducted dissemination workshop. And the participants of the workshop also uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. And the last is about 188 OERs produced by the OER training participants themselves. In the OER training participants have to upload three kinds of files as part of their assignment. The first is they have to upload photos. And the second is a collection of photos. In Wikimedia Commons, we usually call them as collection works. And the second, they have to upload their final assignment to Wikimedia Commons. Final assignment is they have to create an OER content. Also, from this workshop and from this project, we get 223 party participants while 211 of them are totally new contributors to Wikimedia Commons. We take all this data from different metrics, we use to get the data. And the last four page views analysis, we found that our OER booklet has been viewed about 414,000 times on Wikimedia Commons since the booklet was launched in January. So this is the difference between Wikimedia Commons and other platforms that we already use is we can view and retrieve all data that we need quickly and easily. Okay, and the last part I'm going to tell you about challenges and advantages of using Wikimedia Commons in our project. Okay, some advantages. First, Wikimedia Commons can be used as an archive because it's easy to group OERs created by participants in one category. So anyone can legally reuse them anytime anywhere since the works are licensed with credit comments. And the second, easy for participants to contribute their works because Wikimedia Commons is also available in Asia. So participants can switch and upload their works to Wikimedia Commons. And the third, we use Wikimedia Commons as our demonstration on how to share and use CC license works and how OER 5R principle works. And that is our demonstration by PT. We tend, we use, revise, we distribute. And the fourth is, it's easy to reuse or adapt works from Wikimedia Commons. I'm going to tell you in the next slide. So from the first image, Liya used Reza's photos for her collection works about the city of Ternate as part of her assignment. So the story is, Reza uploaded photos of local dishes from North Maluku in the eastern Indonesia for her first assignment. And in the second assignment, Liya used Reza's photos about her local dishes in her collection works. So home participants use another participants works. And the second, any illustration that we produce was used by Annika for his final assignment in creating OER. So any illustration can be found in our OER booklet. We already uploaded to Wikimedia Commons and this illustration is used by another person. And the third is Ahmad. Ahmad here is a mathematics teacher for middle school, middle school students. And in the last assignment, he made about mathematics worksheet for middle school students. And unexpectedly, he shared one by one illustration that he made himself from his module in Wikimedia Commons. So we get many new illustrations, mathematics illustrations in Wikimedia Commons. Okay, and some challenges that we face. The first is IP problem. During the workshop, participants are unable to create more than six accounts using the same IP. So we always ask the participants to create account before the workshop. And the second, with understanding of educational values, we all ask the participants to prepare one photo usually before the workshop that have educational values that will be uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. But some of them still uploaded selfie photos. So this is a problem. Maybe in the next project, we have to define clearly what educational value means. And the third is the control over the assets used in the works. I mean, so Wikimedia Commons sometimes take about decorative assets used in the participants works. So we have to make sure our participants didn't pilot copyright. This is a common problem in Indonesia. For Internet Signal in some locations, especially in western Indonesia. And the last is lack of educational content in Bahasa Indonesia. In English, not all topics is covered yet. This is said by our OER training participants. This is the testimony from our OER training participants. Rahmiah Rahayu says that Wikimedia Commons has provided a highly diverse range of source. He has an English teacher. The English version is appropriate for her and can fulfill her requirements. But nevertheless, when compared to her previous practice of really extracting information from the Internet, the resource in Wikimedia Commons is still limited. And the last from Dewi Wisuda. Dewi Wisuda is an informatics teacher in a middle school. He says that computer science subject which consists of many elements hasn't fully provided by Wikimedia Commons. Because the files usually are in general overfills rather than specific material. He already followed our suggestion by conducting source in English and use common terms in informatics. But not all of them are available in Wikimedia Commons. He hopes that in the future the Wikimedia Commons can grow even larger and more comprehensive. So many computer science teachers in Indonesia can use it. And he said that free from dark ages. Because many computer science teachers in Indonesia consider license is less important because they think that what's already on the Internet is a public consumption. Okay, thank you. For the session, follow our social media on Instagram, Facebook and Facebook. Okay, that's all for our session. Anyone to ask or anything? We back it to the moderator.


Hello and welcome to this presentation of the STM32G4 F-MAC block. It covers the main features of this block, which is used to perform background signal filtering tasks autonomously. The F-MAC unit is built around a fixed point multiplier and accumulator, or MAC. The MAC units receives two fixed point 16-bit operands from an internal 256 times 16-bit RAM and write the results back to this memory. The address of the input values in local memory is determined using a set of pointers. These pointers can be loaded, incremented, decremented, or reset by the internal hardware. Software does not access them directly. The unit allows frequent or lengthy filtering operations to be offloaded from the CPU, freeing up the processor for other tasks. Filter functions FIR and IIR can be realized by the F-MAC. Typical applications requiring these filters are motor control, audio, power supply, lighting, and analog sensing. The F-MAC offloads the CPU by executing background signal filtering tasks autonomously, thus freeing up the CPU MIPS for other tasks. The F-MAC unit enables the user to select the filter type, the filter order, and the coefficients, which are all programmable. This figure details the architecture of the MAC unit. X is the input sample buffer containing the raw samples to be filtered. B is the array of coefficients of the filter to be applied to X samples. X and B have the same size N plus 1 entries. Y is the output sample buffer containing the results of the filtering. A is the array of coefficients of the filter to be applied to Y samples. Y and A have the same size, M plus 1 entries. The number of MAC operations to obtain Y of N equals N plus 1 plus M. N plus 1 max to multiply accumulate vector X and vector B. N max to multiply accumulate vector Y of N minus 1 to N minus M and vector A. Inputs and outputs of F-MAC use the fixed point signed integer Q1.15 format. In Q1.15 format, the numeric range is 1 or 0x8000 to 1 minus 2 to the negative 15 power or 0x7FFF. 32-bit single precision floating point numbers can be converted to or from Q. 1.15 format by dedicated conversion instructions that are executed in the Cortex-M4 FPU. This figure details the various formats used internally by the F-MAC. The output of the multiplier in Q2.30 format is truncated to Q2.22 and added to the accumulator LSB aligned. The accumulator has 26 bits of which 22 are fractional and 4 are integer with sign. This format is Q4.22. The extra integer bits allow the accumulator to support partial accumulation sums in the range minus 8 or 0x4000000 to plus 8 or 0x3FFFFFF. This can occur if there are a large number of successive positive or negative coefficients. When the filter gain is less than unity for all frequencies, the accumulator value always returns to the range plus or minus 1. If the partial sum exceeds the accumulator numeric range and wraps, a sticky flag is set to help debugging. Nevertheless, provided subsequent additions undo the wrapping, a correct result is still obtained. A programmable gain can be applied at the output of the accumulator, from 0 dB to 42 dB in steps of 6 dB. This is necessary for IIR filter implementation. The F-MAC unit performs arithmetic operations on vectors, which are arrays of 16-bit fixed point scalar values. These vectors are allocated in the local SRAM. Software is in charge of configuring the X1 and X2 operand buffers and Y output buffer through X1 buff CFG, X2 buff CFG, and Y buff CFG registers. The base addresses can be chosen anywhere in internal memory provided that all buffers fit within the internal memory address range 0x0 to 0xFF. Buffer base address and size have to be programmed. Note that X1, X2, and Y buffers may overlap. These buffers are not visible in the CPU mapping. Before starting a filtering operation, the CPU or DMA controller initializes the contents of input buffers using the initialization functions and writing to the W data register. The contents of input buffers can be either data to be filtered or filter coefficients. The data is transferred to the location within the target buffer indicated by a write pointer. After each new write, the write pointer is incremented. When the write pointer reaches the end of the allocated buffer space, it wraps back to the base address. Regarding the X1 buffer, if the number of free spaces in the buffer is less than the watermark threshold programmed in the full WM field of the FMAC X1 buff CFG register, the buffer is flagged as full. As long as the full flag is not set, interrupts or DMA requests are generated if enabled to request more data for the buffer. The watermark allows several data to be transferred under one interrupt without danger of overflow. Nevertheless, if an overflow does occur, the OVFL error flag is set and the write data is ignored. The write pointer is not incremented in the event of an overflow. Regarding the Y buffer, if the number of unread data in the buffer is less than the watermark threshold programmed in the empty WM field of the FMAC Y buff CFG register, the buffer is flagged as empty. As long as the empty flag is not set, interrupts or DMA requests are generated if enabled to request reads from the buffer. The watermark allows several data to be transferred under one interrupt without danger of underflow. Nevertheless, if an underflow does occur, the UNFL error flag is set. In this case, the read pointer is not incremented and the read operation returns the content of the memory at the read pointer address. Each multiplication takes a value from the X1 buffer and a value from the X2 buffer and multiplies them together. A pointer in the control unit generates the read address offset relative to the buffer base address for each value. The pointers are managed by hardware according to the current function. This figure explains the X1 buffer operation. When the write pointer reaches the end of the buffer, it wraps back to the beginning. If available space in the buffer is less than the transfer size, the input buffer full flag is activated. If the top of the input set X of n equals the write pointer, i.e. no new sample available, the filter stalls until a new sample is available. The processor or DMA controller must ensure that the new sample X of n plus 1 is available in the buffer space when required. If not, the buffer is flagged as empty, which stalls the execution of the unit until a new sample is added. No underflow condition is signaled on the X1 buffer. The X1 buffer can be used as a circular buffer. New data are continually transferred into the input buffer whenever space is available. The write pointer automatically wraps around when it reaches the last 16-bit entry in the buffer as shown in the figure. Preloading this buffer is optional for digital filters since if no input samples have been written in the buffer when the operation is started, it is flagged as empty, which triggers the CPU or DMA to load new samples until there are enough to begin operation. Preloading is nevertheless useful in the case of a vector operation, that is, the input data is already available in system memory and circular operation is not required. The X2 buffer is used to store coefficients. It is usually loaded once during the initialization of the FMAC. Consequently, it does not support the circular addressing mode. This figure summarizes the operation of the input buffers. During step 1, the filter calculates Y of n from X of n minus 7 to X of n and loads the next four samples. During step 2, Y of n is now calculated. The sample X of n minus 7 is removed. Then n is incremented. The filter calculates Y of n from X of n minus 7 to X of n. No new sample is loaded. During step 3, Y of n is now calculated. The sample X of n minus 7 is removed. Then n is incremented. The filter calculates Y of n from X of n minus 7 to X of n. No new sample is loaded. During step 4, Y of n is now calculated. The sample X of n minus 7 is removed. Then n is incremented. The filter calculates Y of n from X of n minus 7 to X of n. No new samples are loaded. Since the upper address of the buffer has been reached, a wrap around to the beginning of the buffer occurs. This figure explains the Y buffer operation. When the right pointer reaches the end of the buffer, it wraps back to the beginning. A read pointer designates the oldest unread sample corresponding to the output data register. When a sample is read and is not part of the output set, then the space becomes free. If the right pointer equals the read pointer or the least recent sample in the output set, i.e. Y of n minus m, the filter stalls and the output buffer full flag is set. This figure summarizes the operation of the output buffer. During step 1, the filter calculates Y of n from Y of n minus 7 to Y of n minus 1. 11 samples are unread. During step 2, n is incremented. The filter calculates Y of n from Y of n minus 7 to Y of n minus 1. Software or DMA reads four samples, which shifts the read pointer to the oldest sample. During step 3, n is incremented. The filter calculates Y of n from Y of n minus 7 to Y of n minus 1. Software or DMA again reads four samples, which shifts the read pointer to the oldest sample. However, samples Y of n minus 7 to Y of n minus 5 are not deallocated because they are used in the current calculation. The FIR function performs a convolution of a vector B of length n plus 1 containing the filter coefficients and a vector X of indefinite length containing the sample data. To implement the FIR in the FMAC, the buffers are used as follows. X1 buffer contains the elements of vector X. It is a circular buffer of length n plus 1 plus d. X2 buffer contains the elements of vector B. It is a fixed buffer of length n plus 1. Y buffer contains the output values Y of n. It is a circular buffer of length d. Here are the parameters. The parameter P contains the length n plus 1 of the coefficient vector B in the range 2 to 127. The parameter R contains the gain to be applied to the accumulator output. The value output to the Y buffer is multiplied by 2 to the R power, where R is in the range of 0 to 7. The parameter Q is not used. The function completes when the start bit in the FMAC param register is reset by software. The FIR requires n coefficients and n input samples to calculate one output sample. To optimize throughput, the input buffer size should be larger than n in order to load the next samples while the filter is working on the current set. For example, when using 4-beat DMA transfers, epsilon should be set to 4. Also, the size of the output buffer should be set to epsilon to transfer resulting samples in a unique AHB burst transaction.  To implement the IIR in the FMAC, the buffers are used as follows. X1 buffer contains the elements of vector X. It is a circular buffer of length n plus 1 plus D. X2 buffer contains the elements of coefficient vectors B and A, concatenated B0, B1, B2, 2, Bn, A1, A2, 2AM. It is a fixed buffer of length m plus n plus 1. Y buffer contains the output values of Y of n. It is a circular buffer of length m plus D. The parameter P contains the length n plus 1 of the coefficient vector B in the range 2 to 64. The parameter Q contains the length m of the coefficient vector A in the range 1 to 63. The parameter R contains the gain to be applied to the accumulator output. The value output to the Y buffer is multiplied by 2 to the R power, where R is in the range of 0 to 7. The function completes when the start bit in the FMAC param register is reset by software. The FIR requires n-feed forward coefficients and m-feed back coefficients, m being lower than n. The input buffer size should be n plus epsilon, epsilon being the number of data in a DMA burst. The output buffer size should be m plus epsilon. The clock reference of the FMAC module is the Cortex-M4 with FPU freerunning clock F-Clock. N-tap filter, such as FIR, requires n multiplications and additions per output sample, knowing that each MAC requires two memory reads, thus two clock cycles. As a consequence, the maximum sample rate is F-Clock divided by 2n. n must be lower than F-Clock frequency divided by two times the maximum sample rate frequency. Assuming the F-Clock frequency of the STM32G4 is 170 MHz, we obtain maximum filter size at sampling frequency Fs equals 2 Ms per second is n lower than 42 taps. Maximum sample rate for n equals 128 taps is Fs lower than 664 kHz. The table in this slide compares the performance of the FMAC hardware block with a filter software implementation. The CM-SIS DSP library provides optimized filter functions. Software is about 15% faster due to dual-MAC Cortex-M4. But for high sample rate large filters, CPU spends a lot of time doing filtering task. With FMAC plus DMA, CPU is free to perform other tasks. Flow control can be source, sync or filter driven. This slide describes the source-driven flow control sequence. The source of the samples ADC, I2C, etc. defines the sample data rate. The source requests the DMA or CPU to transfer data to the filter input buffer. The filter operates at a faster clock rate than 2n times the source sample rate. When the input buffer is empty, i.e., next sample not available, the filter stalls, waiting for new data. When the output buffer is not empty, i.e., one or more samples available, an output channel DMA request or interrupt is generated. The DMA or CPU transfers the output samples to memory or another peripheral such as DAC or PWM. This slide describes the filter-driven flow control sequence. The filter clock rate determines the throughput. An input channel DMA request or interrupt is generated whenever the input buffer is not full. The DMA or CPU transfers data into the input buffer from memory or another peripheral. As long as data is available in the input buffer, the filter generates new output samples. When the output buffer is not empty, an output channel DMA request or interrupt is generated. The DMA or CPU transfers data from the output buffer to memory or another peripheral. This slide describes the sink-driven flow control sequence. The destination of the samples, DAC, I2C, etc., defines the sample data rate. The destination requests the DMA or CPU to transfer data from the filter output. The filter operates at a faster clock rate than 2n times the destination sample rate. When the output buffer is full, the filter stalls. When the input buffer is not full, an input channel DMA request or interrupt is generated. The DMA or CPU transfers samples from memory or another peripheral to the input buffer. The FMAC executes the filter algorithm when the input buffer is not empty and the output buffer is not full. A flag called X1 full is set if the number of available spaces is X1 buffer is less than full WM threshold. A DMA request can be generated when this flag is not set in order to fill the X1 buffer. A flag called Y empty is set if the number of unread data is less than the empty YM threshold. A DMA request can be generated when this flag is not set in order to empty the Y buffer. The management of buffers can also be performed by software relying on interrupt requests that can be asserted when either flag is inactive. The filter clock frequency must be chosen according to the chosen flow control scheme. The FMAC unit is active in run, low power run, sleep and low power sleep modes. It is not available in the other low power modes. These peripherals may need to be specifically configured for correct use with the FMAC block. Please refer to the corresponding peripheral training modules for more information.


This is Witchbase news, for Friday the 12th of November 2021, I'm CMDR Buur. In Elite Dangerous News this week, Frontier dropped some intriguing hints around SRV missions and NPC SRVs, it's all out war between the supporters of Aegis and the followers of salvation, the Thargoid incursions spread as more stations burn and more. To make sure you don't miss any of our videos hit like and subscribe and remember to click the little bell icon and select all notifications and if you'd like to help directly support this channel you can also join our Patreon via the link in the video description. The spat that's been brewing for weeks between Admiral Aiden Tanner and the forces of Taurus mining ventures spilled over into open conflict with the start of this week's community goal on Thursday. Federal naval officer Admiral Tanner is the fed's chief military liaison to the Aegis anti-thargoid research and defence organisation and whilst he is acting against the wishes of Aegis he claims that the Taurus mining company that is under contract to the individual calling themselves salvation has proof in its hind mine asteroid base in the T-Tauri system that salvation's unlicensed anti-zeno WMD that was used to great effect in the corn star system recently is actually designed to provoke the alien peril pansies. The circumstantial evidence around that claim, i.e. the goids were kind of a background thing before old salivation nations stuck a stick in their wasps nest for a few weeks before finally nuking them after which 4 major areas of human occupied space got absolutely rammed with non-human signal sources filled with utterly livid laser lilies would seem to lend no small degree of weight to that argument. On the other side of the coin of course you have salvation who is named salvation and whom has undoubtedly killed lots and lots of thargoids whilst liberally supplying the commanders of the pilots federation with beefed up weapons tainted with guardian spangles that can also help them kill lots and lots of the nebula dwelling pillage poppies. Clearly salvation is either helping humankind defend itself against the legitimate clear and present threat or stirring up a problem that only they can save us from thereby forcing us to hand them the keys of power surely not what politician or power monger has ever tried that trick right? The ongoing community goal as of this recording would seem to indicate that currently salvation has the sympathy of the majority of the player base and that tana has perhaps dealt himself a losing card. If the CG continues to go in salvation's favour will either bolster a powerful alloy in a fight against a terrible intractable enemy or install a monster on the throne that wants to benefit from a war they created. As this story has progressed community leader Arthur Tomey has stated on a number of occasions that our decisions as a community throughout the evolving story would have real consequences in the game. Let's all hope we're making the right decisions. The massive thargoid incursion that seems intent on turning us all into Swedish meatballs began at the end of October and has continued this week largely unabated. As of this recording Galnet is reporting in-game that 13 human occupied star systems are in a state of incursion with 12 of those 13 reporting a massive thargoid presence with only one sector in the Pleiades with a reduced presence of significant. A new AXI website resource launched this week in the shape of Thargoid.watch. Currently the site has a sortable list of the systems that are under incursion from the Xeno cauliflower of carnage but more tools are promised for the site to further help direct human anti-Xeno firepower to where it's needed. The team at the post-disaster evacuation service are now currently tackling the get the hell out of dodge requirements of 13 stations that are now burning in space in the affected systems and the haulage specialists of Operation Ida are now carting the required goods to the one station that can be directly repaired at the moment, Copernicus Observatory in the Asterope system. Whilst 13 systems are showing as under incursion, if you've not been to the affected zones then don't let that fool you that those numbers are the end of the problem. As I've mentioned, under incursion signifies a human occupied system that is infested with the horticultural horrors but the green meanies themselves are present in extended bubbles around those focal points as well. Right now, the aforementioned Thargoid watch website is listing a 175 light year bubble around Marope in the Pleiades Nebula, a 75 light year bubble around Roanmar in the Witchhead Nebula, a 60 light year bubble around a Musca Dark Region system in the Colsack Nebula and a 100 light year bubble around HIP 18390 in the California Nebula that will deliver pallet loads of the perilous caustic cabbages in every single system contained within. What has happened in the last two weeks, the AXI is referring to as quote a catastrophic class event unquote and they've seen a lot of this stuff. Leading back the legions of worry weeds is proving far more challenging even with Salvation's Wonder Weapons than it ever has been before in all of Elite Dangerous history. Whilst we've no direct evidence it does feel on the ground like this is all building towards something. The regular Frontier Thursday night livestream went visiting a Thargoid surface site for a mass commander fly in and shenanigan session with no plans for any big reveals But as is often the case the conversation between the resident CMs in this instance Sally Morgan Moore and Arthur Tolmey did drop a few juicy morsels. First up then the team mentioned that they're kicking around the idea of a community meetup in December in the Cambridge area of the UK. Arthur was at pains to stress that the event wouldn't feature any content reveals or anything of that nature but was more an opportunity to meet and greet other members of the community, the CM team themselves and possibly even a dev or two. No further details are forthcoming at the moment as soon as we know more we'll let you know here. Patch 9 for Elite Dangerous Odyssey is currently scheduled to arrive in the game in December meaning that whilst there likely won't be a patch in November patch 9 should be bringing with it the new multi-crew capable combat centric SRV. The team also reiterated that in December we can expect a special stream featuring the tour of the new fleet carriers interiors feature that is expected to arrive in the game sometime after patch 9. As the conversation progressed the team filled in questions from the community in chat and it's here that the really interesting nuggets appeared. A question around the possibility of SRV based missions didn't yield a flat no or the standard that's a great suggestion will forward it on response. What Arthur did specifically say is I can't talk too much about that at the moment and Sally nodded when Arthur vocalised the question in response to something else as it turns out but the fact that Arthur mentioned Sally nodding and then laughed about it he then continued that there's more to come with missions that's all I'll say. Well here's the clip taken directly from the stream see what you think. I saw a question there would there be SRV missions transport protection deliveries oh now I can't really talk too much about that Sally might have nodded but we can't we can't really talk too much about it. Honest answer is the mission things there's a lot of stuff going for missions the team are hard at work expanding those missions we had mission givers and stuff like that but yeah there's more to come missions that's all I say so that's cool. As the stream progressed Arthur continued to field questions and when asked about the possibility of combat with NPC controlled SRVs he responded no comment on NPC SRVs at this moment again here's the clip for you see what you think. Claim question if we're having a combat SRV will we have then combat with NPC driven SRVs no comment on NPC SRVs at this moment. If a new combat-centric multi-crew capable SRV is being introduced whilst that's an enticing prospect it currently serves no purpose in the game that we have right now as I've mentioned on this channel before the current SRV can barely operate in the cluttered space inside a settlement so a larger heavier vehicle is not going to find that particular zone of operations any easier it makes sense to us at least that if a new SRV is introduced it would need a role to serve to make its development meaningful and to give it value. One of the bulleted feature points of Elite Dangerous Odyssey was to be the sphere of combat the idea that surface operations would see input from commanders on foot in SRVs and in ships at launch one of the complaints leveled at Odyssey was that the sphere of combat didn't exist sure you could bring a ship or an SRV to a conflict zone but why would you it was clearly an environment built around on foot gameplay with these comments from Frontier you could argue that the sphere of combat whilst a possible feature of the surface conflict zones is not actually what they were hinting at but time and new SRV will I guess tell but what do you think about Arthur's comments are we about to see NPC SRVs and missions based around them or is this all far from your mind as you engage in the conflict with the Thargoids or perhaps in the community goal let us know in the comments below that's it for now thanks very much for watching we'll be back later this week with more videos until then 07 commanders follow the greens on the way out and do keep clear of the toast rack we very much look forward to seeing you next time


Cyberbullying is a growing problem among teenagers, with many experiencing negative effects on their mental health. This paper examined the relationship between cyberbullying and adolescent mental health by conducting a systematic review of two databases. Results showed that cyberbullying is associated with increased risk of depression, substance abuse, suicidal thoughts, and other mental health issues. Additionally, previous or current experiences of traditional bullying were found to be linked to both victims and perpetrators of cyberbullying. Furthermore, daily use of certain technologies such as internet, webcam, text messaging, and posting personal information were also associated with cyberbullying. These findings suggest that cyberbullying can have serious consequences for adolescents' mental health, and that prevention efforts should focus on reducing access to technology and increasing awareness about the potential risks of cyberbullying. This article was authored by Sara Modoborjez-Botino, Casio M.C. Botino, Caroline Gomez-Regina, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.