Hi everybody. Welcome to EFF's final fireside chat for our 30th anniversary. I'm so delighted that you could be here and I am just, I have to say I'm kind of giddy with how excited I am about this event because we're going back to the future. We're going to talk to some of the people who are involved in EFF's founding. We're going to hear some stories. I suspect that given the people who are joining us today it'll be a bit of a Rashomon about EFF's history. You know everybody remembers things differently but it's going to be really great fun. So we have three of the people who help spur and nurture EFF. As many of you know probably we were going to have a fourth person. We were going to have Steve Wozniak join us today and I'm very sad to say that he had to bow out of our event. Today he sends his big regrets and we hope to find a way to schedule an event with him in the in the future. We were really excited that Steve was going to join us today because he's one of the people who helped support EFF really early on but isn't as well known for that role and he recently affirmed to us how proud he was of that early support for EFF and how important it was going to be to have EFF strong and in the corner of the tinkers and the modders and the repairs especially as we head into deeper into the digital age and if you haven't seen Steve's video on the right to repair I really recommend it because in it you can see the kind of spirit of the early internet the makers and the modders and the tinkers that really is part of EFF's founding ethos and still a huge part of the community that we support today so take a look at that and stay tuned. We haven't heard the last from Steve in EFF so remember the final part of today's program is for you drop your questions into the chat at twitch at any time that's EFF.org live stream excuse me let me say that again EFF.org live stream on twitch we'll pick them up and we'll respond to as many as we can and if you're using EFF's privacy badger I am sorry you're going to have to give it the permission to by shifting the embed.twitch.tv slider and then reload the page privacy badger is a little too over anxious on twitch we're working on it but in the meantime that'll make sure that your voice is heard and when we're done today the stream is going to be available on youtube and of course as all good things are it'll be available at the internet archive on youtube it'll be at EFF's page and at the archive it'll be easy to find as well so tell your friends if they miss this and they want to catch the live stream that they certainly can also please note that with as with all EFF events we have guidelines and codes of conduct if you go to EFF.org slash event expectations you'll see how we can make sure that we all have a great time today so thank you very much you know this series of live discussions that we've done throughout our 30 year celebration year have looked back at some of the biggest battles in internet history and the effects of the modern web and joining me today are three people who really I think it's fair to say we're prescient about that. The first one is our three guests today are Mitch Kapoor, John Gilmore and Esther Dyson. Let's start with Mitch. Mitch is a pioneer of the personal computing industry as both an entrepreneur and investor and an advocate for social change. Mitch is always just a little head of the curve on things. He was ahead of the curve when he founded EFF and he's been ahead of the curve at recognizing the need for social justice in the way that we move forward as well. Along with his partner and wife Frida Kaeperklein, Mitch invests in startups that close the gap of access opportunity and outcome for low-income communities and communities of color and founders committed to building diverse workforces and inclusive cultures. In 1982, Mitch founded Lotus Development and designed the Lotus 123 spreadsheet which is was the original killer application that made computer personal computers ubiquitous in the business world. In addition to co-founding EFF in 1990, he's the founding chair of the Mozilla Foundation which created the Firefox web browser and the co-chair of the non-profit K-PORC Center in Oakland, California and serves on the board of SMASH which is the Summer Math and Science Honors Academy, a three-year STEM intensive residential college prep course that empowers students to deepen their talents and pursue STEM careers. Mitch is known as saying that genius is not evenly distributed by zip code. Genius is evenly distributed by zip code but opportunity is not and the other thing Mitch says that we use all the time at EFF is architecture is policy and that is one of EFF's founding principles and comes that we still think about today. Next up is EFF co-founder and current board member John Gilmore. John is an entrepreneur and a civil libertarian and he's sporting a vintage EFF t-shirt there. He was an early employee of Sun Microsystems, an early open-source author and co-created Cygnus Solution along with EFF, the cypher punks, the desk cracker that we'll talk a little bit more about later and the internet's alt-net news groups. He spent 30 years doing programming, hardware, software design, management and philosophy, philanthropy and investment. Along with being a board member of EFF, John is on the board of the Unix Association, Code Weavers and Request and he spends a lot of time trying to get people to think more about their society, their building, especially around issues around drug policy and attempts to control people's mental states and John's advocacy on encryption which we'll also talk about a little later, I think literally changed the world and certainly gave me my first opportunity to do something full and fun in tech. So welcome, John. And our third person is former EFF chairwoman Esther Dyson. She's currently the chairman of Adventure Holdings and also deeply involved in Wellville. Am I right about that? Did I say it wrong? Edie? So Adventure is basically a website that I use for my email at this point. It was the company I ran. I owned for 25 years but never mind. Sorry. Sorry. I must have a but anyway. It's pretty old. Yeah. I realized I didn't send you an updated bio. So that's all right. Well, we'll talk a little, you know, currently Esther's really working, focusing on on health and community health through her project called Wellville and it's a really awesome thing. So I would love to hear a little bit about that. I think I think Esther was on one of the first boards of EFF and certainly was chairman of the board through some critical fights. And it's great to have you here today. And of course, just last year we teamed up with Esther a little bit to try to save.org from being sold down the river. So it's fun to get back in touch as well. Because some of these fights, they just keep coming back. So thank you all very much for joining today. I want to start with the founding of EFF because it's so full of rich stories. You know, if folks haven't read John Gilmore's a John Gilmore excuse me John Perry Barlow's a not too brief history of the Electronic Frontier Foundation. That's a really good document to start with. It is of course in Barlow's own particular style and his own particular views of the founding of EFF. But it's a real fun read. So Mitch, I mean, the apocryphal story is that Barlow was sitting on his ranch in Pinedale, Wyoming and you literally flew down from you dropped out of the sky in a plane to talk to him and found the EFF. So where's the truth there? Is that really what happened? Actually it is. Well, let me and I'll explain but first let me say thanks very much for having me. It's important to celebrate these anniversaries to remember where we all came from because that helps us understand where we where we are going and the spirit of John Perry Barlow looms heavily over this entire event. I just have to take a moment here to say how much I miss him and how utterly instrumental he was in EFF. So do you want like the two-minute version of this, not the 10-minute version? I'll give you the medium of the founding. But it all centers on the well, an early pioneering online system, early virtual community, founded by Stuart Brand of Whole Earth Catalog fame and many other things. Circa 1989, going into 1990, they hosted an online hackers conference with Harper's Magazine and that is where John first ran into some of these teenage hackers who were kids, explorers, getting away with what they can get away with. But it left an impression on him and it started a dialogue. And then, unrelatedly, or perhaps not, the FBI paid him a visit. And why did the FBI pay him a visit? Because somebody had gone dumpster diving and retrieved a small amount of the source code for the Apple Macintosh and they had sent copies of it to a number of people, including John, and as it turned out myself, but that's getting slightly ahead. And the FBI's visit troubled John because, as he said, they were good at things in Wyoming like cattle rustling, but had no idea about cyberspace. And he wrote a piece about it that became widely circulated and I read it. And I said, Oh my God, I had the same frightening experience that these two agents showed up at my door one day, demanding to speak to me. I called my lawyer and said, Yeah, you kind of have to speak to them. But if you don't, they'll just get a subpoena. So why don't you? I didn't know anything. I got this thing and I sent it back to Apple. But that was the link between John and me that we had had this. We saw new things going on online, law enforcement starting to step in, unfortunately, pretty clueless. And then the arrests started happening. And the Secret Service was busting people. And there was disgust on the well at some length. And it troubled me a lot. And I was flying from Boston where I lived to San Francisco to go do something. And I stopped in Pinedale, specifically to pay John a visit. We have to do something about this. And that was the birth of the EFF. It was and it was originally to make sure that injustice was not done to some of these kids who were exploring around, but they're not. The stakes were so small, then there was no money involved. There were no state secrets, people's lives were not being ruined. But they're being imprisoned and convicted of felonies. And it was out of conviction that we needed to do something to and it quickly, and I'll stop, spun into understanding there was a collision going on between the advance of technology and the slow turning of the gears of government. And we realized this was a civil liberties issue of our time to extend the Bill of Rights into cyberspace. That's the founding. And John showed up about 15 minutes later, John Gilmore. Well, so John, let's, let's, so he should tell his, you know, his, his, his, his part. Perfect segue. So John, pick us up 15 minutes later. So on the well, well a little bit, but my doctor was on the well and he saw things happening, happening Mitch and John, John Perry and said, I might be interested in this. And so he, he hooked me up and I got involved and, and offered to send money and recruit, recruit some supporters like that. I was going back through emails from the time of July of 1990 today and I found one that I sent to the leaders at San trying to convince them to, to, to come up and said, what Mitch and Barlow realized as they started to put together the foundation was that it wasn't simply a little bit of constitutional, constitutional lawyers could straighten out its impact of the, of the bumpy inter interaction of society and computers. Future shot or, or on the frontier where me, the lost of nuns have not yet well understood or well, we intend to try to define them in the public, in the public. Hey, John, I think I'm going to stop in for a second because your audio is really messy. So maybe you can work and see if we can clear that up a little bit with, with Mona, our lovely offscreen person. So, because this is fascinating and I want to hear every word. All right. No, it's still, it's still going. Let me switch over to ask you for a second. Yeah, let me, let me switch over to ask you for a second. We'll come back. Thanks. So Esther, you got involved pretty quickly thereafter as I, as, as, as I go back through the history and how did, how did you find out about EFF and decide to get involved? Oh, we got you on mute. That one, I think we can take you off. That's easy. Yes. I hope my sound is working. Yep. I knew Mitch mostly through adventure, which did exist for 25 years. And it was the industry's big conference slash newsletter. And Mitch, you'll know this better than I do that. In addition to EFF, there was the commercial internet exchange, because some people at digital equipment had sent a sales message over the internet. And a lot of people thought, oh my God, that's so disgusting. And of course, we all thought, wow, this is great. You know, it's, it's, it's not just something for scientists and universities. It's actually something for real people kind of living their lives kind of in the same way that, you know, 30 years later when you started seeing logos on spaceships that weren't NASA, some of us actually thought it was a good sign. So Mitch started the commercial internet exchange. And I was interested in that. And Barlow was indeed a magnetic figure and was talking about, I mean, to be honest, I love what he said. I sometimes thought he kind of over said it. You mean both my friend. Yeah. But I mean, I don't remember exactly how I got invited to the board and whether it was just because they needed a girl. But anyway, I thought, wow, this is really important stuff. And I want to be involved in, you know, discussing the policy and also helping perhaps to mediate it. And, you know, just it seemed like the center of PC form was the center of where things were. And this was like kind of the center of where things were heading and the policy side. So I joined the board. And then later on when they couldn't find a chairman, I stepped in. You know, there's a long history of EFF getting assigned roles because you came late to meetings. That's how I got to general counsel. But we're going to see if we can get John back on again. But, you know, your point about Barlow is a really important one. And one I share, he once actually said that he had me along at a talk so that I could be his hyperboleectomy. And I think, Mitch, he might have told you the same thing.  And I retired from that role. So thank you for I took it over. And at the risk of being mildly pedantic for a moment. Esther, what you're what you're talking about was very real, which was the turnover of the internet from the NSF to the commercial sector, which was a bumpy kind of process. And the commercial internet exchange was this trade association of the early ISPs, UUNET and PSI, that were really trying to promote the commercial development of the internet. But that actually came a little bit later. It may have been your locus of intersection. But I remember when we put it together as an organization in 1990, 1991, I turned to people who I thought were adventurous and spirit and smart and wanted to see the right thing done to be on the board. And you and Stewart Brand and Rob Glaser and a few other people were sort of the early, early board members. So perhaps I should come at it from another angle, which which also was part of what was happening with me. 1989 was the first time I went to Russia. And I spoke a little bit of Russian. And, you know, in the United States, the internet was really cool. There were, it was kind of a consumer thing. And people were talking about wine, wine seller records and recipes. But in Russia, it actually was far more important because you could not, I started using email when I was trying to communicate with my friends in Russia, because you could not pick up the phone and call people. You could not send a fax. And yeah, I saw how important it could be in a place that did not have other technology. In Russia, the first users were scientists. And then people who were trading stocks, financial types. Whereas in the U.S., it was, it was much more of a consumer oriented thing that people didn't believe was going to be serious in business. But in Russia, the implications of what this could do for people who were disconnected, and frankly, who did not have access to media from outside of Russia, was, you know, this whole freedom, spread the truth, all that kind of stuff was much more important in Russia than it was in the U.S. And I mean, lots has changed. And it's fascinating to see the misinformation. I mean, that I understood too, because I'd seen so much of it in Russia. And we'll get to that later, I'm sure. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. I think that the, you know, the early issues that EFF was involved in, I, you know, many of them we still do today, but of course, things have changed over time. And the ones that we still do today are still standing up for free speech, especially from marginalized people all around the world. This issue, you know, that you experienced in Russia is something we hear from people all around the world, that the internet has really made their voice able to be heard. And we still spend a significant, it kind of gets lost sometimes in the West, but we still spend a significant amount of time trying to find voices out, voices out. I hear it. I hear it. I hear it. I hear it. It's like half of John's words you can't hear, and the other half you hear twice. All right, John, let's try again. Okay. Sure. How's that? Good. Okay. Right. Well, yes. Well, yes. Esther was on the first board, which also included Dave and the Stuart Brand, Stuart Brand had mentioned, mentioned as the founder of The Well, and that included me. So, yeah, I had a long career in computers and no career at all in policy. And so EFF was an attempt to say, well, look at this whole world we're building with computers, and let's not have the power of the people, people stop making policies like any put into a computer as fair government to any time. Yep. I think that's right. And you hear it in the early things. You know, I went back and saw and watched an early firing line episode with Esther and Jeffrey Barlow did along with Ira Glasser from the ACLU and some other folks. Reed Hoffman and Erica Huffington. Yeah, on the other side, which is interesting. But the, you know, the point that there was a culture develop line that governments in the 90s especially just did not understand and were mucking around in without really even understanding what they were doing or what was going on. It was really the story of the 90s in a lot of the things that we were doing. The same was true with encryption and the encryption debate with the government thinking, well, encryption, that's, you know, a technology that we use to break the German's codes in World War Two and people like John and others saying, you know, this is the way we're going to have to see security online. Like, you know, we're both right, but they were coming from very different viewpoints about the technology. And, you know, honestly, both of those debates are still happening right now. It's really not, oh my gosh, is the echo, are you guys hearing the echo too? Yeah, it's not as bad for you as for John. Keep going. All right. I'll keep talking. But, but, you know, the things have moved over time. And it's not so much that they moved as in we've solved anything. Sometimes it feels that way. Sometimes things have gotten better. We certainly freed up encryption. If the government had its way in the 90s, none of us would be doing any of this work over encrypted channels. And we, we really did shift the dynamic there, even though the FBI still wants us all to leave our front doors open. So in case for criminals, they can come in faster. But, but, and the free speech fights are are more complicated now. But they're still there in the in the primary way that we started talking about them. So let's shift a little bit and talk about kind of, I want to talk this next little bit about kind of today where we are in the world today. And then I want to ask all of you about what the world looks like if we get it right. I have done this throughout the EFF 30th year. I feel like oftentimes in the midst of these policy and legal debates, we've lost a little vision about what the world would like if we get it right. So I want to precede that to you guys. I'm going to ask you that question. But let's talk about today and what things look like today. And this is your note. We're at the half hour folks. So if you have questions that you want proposed to the panel, please go ahead and put them in the chat on Twitch. Our team will go through them and pick them up and we'll answer as many of them as we can before we run out of our hour. So, you know, EFF, as I said, has grown along with the internet, but we've got some new issues as well. And I guess I wanted to ask each of you, you know, what are the issues facing, you know, people who care about civil liberties and digital rights right now, that EFF is either addressing or that you think we ought to address in the current moment, kind of given where we are in the world. I'm going to go to Esther first. I'm going to just kind of mix it up a little bit. Okay. I mean, it was interesting to listen to the firing line debate, which was kind of my prep, and how much the government people, yeah, just didn't understand what the thing was.  It's not really a separate place as much as you might think.  This is acceptable. This is not. These are the rules. But all the stuff we're talking about is really a spectrum. Transparency, the more power you have, the more transparency should be required of you. The less power, you know, fine, be private. But the moment you start acting in public, you start having your rights impinge on other people's rights and other people's safety. And what we're seeing right now, you know, we have gun control and we have speech and slander and so forth and so on. But we also have this fundamental change of where a person walking down the street may be carrying a concealed weapon, which is a virus. And the the issues around privacy, the issues around vaccine passports, people, people don't seem to get that the issue isn't the passport and the, you know, the disparity, the poor people are more at risk, poor people are more vulnerable, poor people have more trouble getting vaccines, their immunocompromised things. But, you know, the vaccine passport is not, it's not that, the vaccine passport is just a piece of information. It's not responsible for the disparities. So all these different conversations get conflated into a lot of mishmash. And, you know, the one thing the internet has done is it's made it, again, physical borders, sovereign borders, visas, travel, all these things kind of crash into this global internet.  Yeah, it was a problem from the founding on. It's true. But at the same time we now have this third player, which is the Facebook's and the, you know, and we have the DNA of the internet confronting the metabolism of the always hungry, never enough exponential growth mindset of these companies who simply are focused on creating wealth and selling things, including something like .org, which, you know, is, is not sellable because it's a public asset. And anyway, those are the things that are interesting that are going on right now. Yeah, I would certainly agree that the, you know, the rise of the, you know, that the internet was kind of created and, and, and, you know, runs off of protocols and a lot of distributed stuff and that this platform mentality now is really something that is quite different from the world we had in the 90s. And it's required at least us at EFF to really begin to thinking about competition and interoperability and things that kind of help in some ways recreate a more level playing field for people who want to go online or to launch a, launch a venture online, whether that's an open source tool or a for-profit business. And it's something that I, I, you know, we've just created in the past few years because we felt like if we couldn't, we couldn't address that problem, we couldn't address the privacy problems and the civil liberties problems and the speech problems that are coming as a result of the hegemony of the big companies. I want to, yeah. Just one, one other thing that is really scary, which is the, these platforms are getting really good at understanding addiction.  I mean, my personal feeling is that Robinhood is, is one of the great disasters of this decade. Yeah. And, and so thank you. Thank you.  Where would you, where would you are just in a little different direction? Well, I, you know, you and I have had some interesting conversation about that. Let me see if I can summarize. I think the digital rights perspective needs to broaden, as far as I'm concerned, in order to take on the kinds of injustices and harms that characterize the current age. And you see this in particular, and it's been referred to here, the abuses of corporate power, the amplification of misinformation and hatred, because it serves the business models of these companies is, and is harmful to the health and safety of large numbers of people in this country who have every right to feel safe. And when conspiracies are being amplified on these platforms, that's a problem. So I would say yes, being thoughtful about competition interoperability and the whole, you know, antitrust momentum, that there's a role for an EFF, you know, in that which, which it is doing, I don't, I think there has to be more. I think there, there has to be, but it gets into politics, and it gets into a zone that rights organizations have always tried to avoid. And I think it's unavoidable, because I don't think you can do the good in the world that you can do if you don't take what are called political stances about what's justice and what's fair. And so if I were on the inside today, I would be trying to have that conversation in the organization about, is our perspective broad enough? Are there things where we really need to take a stand that some people are just not going to like? Can we hold the thing together? I mean, my one last thing I'll say is my, if I could replay the history of EFF and where I feel like I could have done a much better job, is in the early days, the liberals and the libertarians came together on the issue of digital civil liberties, and we were very effective. But there was a kind of resistance in the organization, and I was in the minority, about feeling that government had a constructive role to play, needed to play a constructive role in securing freedom and liberty and safety. The DNA was very heavily set in favor of a minimal role for government. And I was unable to marshal the resources and arguments or maybe just, it wasn't the right time. And EFF has had a long history, and maybe someday somebody will write for the history of it. But the reason I mention that now is I think there's a similar moment. And there are choices to be made, and I think it's important to make the right set of choices. And justice requires a pretty broad perspective in expanding what we mean by rights and how we secure them for people so that we can have a society that is genuinely inclusive of everyone. Yeah, I mean, I certainly agree that as the internet has grown, the people who need it have grown, the people who rely on it in the ways in which it's vital have really grown. One of the things I'm proudest of is the work that my colleague Ernesto Falcón has done getting, trying to get broadband access in the state of California and federally and specifically around municipal broadband and community broadband efforts, because I think that that's one of the places where we have to try to make sure that we are bringing along, you know, the widest range of people and the rightest range of voices. But I completely hear you in respect that, you know, there's, we can definitely always do better. So John, let's go to you. You know, you're on our board right now. And what are the things that EFF is doing right now that they're the proudest stuff? We didn't get to talk about encryption much because of our technical issues. Right. Well, where we stand now is like, it's kind of the more ancient, the more they stay the same. People, people, I mean, I understand Mitch's concern not finding a constructive role for government. But when the government was looking, was looking clueless about our issue, of course, of course, you know, a reason which is to try to try to minimize the influence they have, still, still seeing that same level of cluelessness with politicians claiming, trying to pass the stage that say you're not allowed to spread misinformation on the internet. And then when a politician, a politician lying on the internet, you're not allowed to either them either. You know, this is just a bit clueless. We're, we're, you know, we're seeing the FBI coming, coming around again and saying, well, no, we're not trying to provide a backdoor into every piece of electronic. But we always want to be able to see the plain text of every communication. You know, it's people, it's people have a clear grasp on the spawn reality. And or or quickly, it's the old saying about hard for hard for someone to understand your point of view when his job depends on him not him not understanding you. I'm, I'm very glad that EFF has existed to issues, issues. And I think we have a long role coming in the coming in the futures. There's not a clear answer to any of these. There's not an obvious, oh, we'll just do this and then we'll solve it. So it's, it's a model and we have to keep working it through. Yeah. But the values have stayed largely the same. I agree with Mitch that there's always been a bit of attention about the role of government. And I agree with John, that when your first 10 years are spent trying to convince government agents that you don't have to seize everything that's plugged into the wall. When you have a search engine, you might come at this from a perspective of, of, of worry about it. On the other hand, you know, EFF is, you know, long advocated for privacy rules that are much, much stronger than we have now that requires the government to set the floor for our privacy instead of, you know, that being left to, you know, individuals clicking through whatever they had around, you know, again, around broadband access, network neutrality, EFF has taken a pretty strong stance for a role of government in creating the spaces for people to be able to innovate if not making the decisions. So it's a, it's, it's always complicated, but I, I agree that especially in the first 10 years, we were highly skeptical. And, and, and I think that skepticism was well-earned and maybe we didn't move past it as fast as, as some people would have liked us to. I think that's a fair, fair comment as well. So we have a few questions. So I want to get to them, but I am going to save the last couple of minutes to ask you, like, what does the world look like if we get it right? But let's ask a couple. We've got one from David Mackie who asks, you know, what words of advice would you have to the next generation of people who are, you know, looking, looking ahead to the future of the internet? Let's start with Mitch. I heard, I saw you go off mute. So I would encourage looking more broadly than just at the technology. I mean, I know we do that, but I would encourage being less technology centric because the more I see what has actually happened with the internet, the more I think it is a function of the dysfunction of capitalism. And without fully addressing how capitalism can work better and what's wrong with it, because it's really what is driving. It's where the investment and the dollars go and what gets funded and what gets developed and why and which things. So that my encouragement would be to bring that much more fully into the picture to be able to ask questions like, just because you can start a business that's going to make a lot of money, should you really be an American or global hero? Or do we want to rethink that? That's great. Esther? I would take what Mitch said and kind of extend it even further. I mean, I think Mitch will probably agree. But, you know, I mean, first of all, I don't know anybody of the future who's going to be a leader that is not in some way an internet leader. I mean, they might not be building the internet, but they will be using the internet to communicate. They will be using the internet, whether they're for profit or not for profit. I mean, it's just, it is part of the infrastructure. And I mean, the biggest problems in the world right now have to do with the resources being distributed unevenly. And those resources start with, you know, we train our AIs. We want to make sure they have no biases. We forget to train our children. You know, and it's not that I want to send all the parents to the training school, though that might be a great idea. But just, I work in some of the poor communities of this country. And half the children are growing up underfed, underloved, undereducated.  And we can't build a society with that amount of inequity, that amount of damage that it costs, you know, it's just, it's human lives, but it's also the cost to the rest of the world. And we need to focus on, you know, God bless it, infrastructure, human infrastructure, human capital, as well as I'm up here in Lake County where it was 104 just two hours ago. And where the, I'm in one of the nicer hotels in the bandwidth works, but all over this county, it's hard to get online. And so, you know, again, people suffered during COVID. So that the leaders of the future need to figure out some way to remedy that. And, you know, there may be this world of abundance for a few people, but there's, there's a lot of people missing out. And even if, and the costs are being borne by society, they're not being, they're being borne by those individuals, but they're also being borne by everybody else. And we need to start thinking both longer term, and more broadly about the communities around us, because they are all interconnected. Yeah, we're all interconnected down. That's for sure. Hey, John, what's your advice to the future internet leaders? Well, I'm with Esther there and, and, and in that, in that a lot of, a lot of issues to them, as well as the issues on the internet myself, I've spent, I spent 20 years on funding or and, and trying to, trying to reduce the arrest rate of black and brown on many, on many other, you know, ill effects of the drug war. That's, that's, that's not RFF thing thing. I think to, to be effective, we need to focus on what we're good at. And I would say, I would say it, the internet environment, was, was a bit of a success saster. It had to grow up, grow up very soon in the 90s and it kind of got ossified. Opportunity opportunities are still there to continue evolving, evolving it, to continue evolving, not just, not just what's available on a website, what, what protocols there are besides the web, invent new, new things and invent new technologies and think a lot, think a lot, the opportunity opportunities in the nation are going to come from people who can see beyond paradigm, paradigm of the internet is an access for five, five and, and, oh, forget 50, 50 million websites that are, that are, oh, and forget those other protocols like voice over IP or email, don't matter, matter. I think we can, I think there's a lot of opportunity there. And, and part of VFF's role is to make sure that part of your stays, your stays open so that some invent the thing, the thing that replaces the world, or that makes a, makes a way of communicating with email, mail. Yeah, we got to think beyond the web. I think that is right. And, and certainly making sure that whatever happens is open for innovation and for people who, you know, who come up with something that none of us thought of before. I mean, I think there's a, there's a way in which we try to future proof our policies and laws so that they can, they can move that, that's going to need to move beyond, you know, certainly the five big companies that control everything today, but even beyond the things that we're thinking about and talking about today. The next question is, is more focused on EFF. What are the ways in which EFF, this is from, I'm going to say it wrong, PMOSEC, in what ways is EFF important today that you did not expect in the organization's early years? John, we're still having trouble with your audio, but, but maybe I'll go to go to Mitch first. Well, look, I certainly didn't anticipate nor do I think most of the folks early on anticipated that the scale and centrality of the internet and the way things would be depended on it. The fact that the stakes are so much higher today because it affects everybody in every way is just, I think not, you know, it's just hard to imagine. I think the human imagination in general doesn't work if you're trying to think six or seven orders of magnitude larger, or maybe there are a small number of geniuses for whom that, you know, is the case. And so, yeah, sort of had we known, I think would have paid a lot more attention to security in the early days, which is just so, you know, most people were pretty nice and it was friendly and open. It came out of academia and the research world and sort of very casual decisions, you know, have had enormously consequential and not great effects that and, you know, and can't really be undone, can only be sort of incrementally fixed, patched, kind of, you know, and so, yeah. I think that is right. Esther? The punchline is that the stakes with which EFF, you know, is involved in a difference that can make is global. That's not exactly, we thought it was important, but more in some sense, unprincipled and wanting to do the right thing. And today, again, EFF is important because everything that it touches just is so consequential. Yep. Yeah. I guess the, I mean, the one thing we didn't really understand perhaps is that the problem with the internet is the people on it. It's not the internet. And, you know, eventually all the people are on it. And one problem is the people who can't get on it by virtue of income or, you know, depending on where they live, even a government that doesn't want people to communicate or they don't, they're not educated, money, whatever. But fundamentally, if you got rid of the people, the internet works fine. So the people on it that need to be, if not, you know, again, this issue about local regulation versus universal, how the different parts fit together, what you do about misinformation, you know, forget porn. Misinformation is kind of causes active harm. And again, it's much more like a virus. I mean, in a sense, you know, I like the notion of you look for the metabolism, which is the business models that end up being cancerous, rather than looking for the, you know, the particular strings of text or images or something. It's those business models that really cause most of the trouble. Yeah. I think it's really true that the, I think there was a dream that Barlow had that we could start this new place that would be better than the place we left behind, right? That's his famous quote. And I think that the reality is we brought all of society's ills with us. And so if we want to make the internet a better place, we have to make society a better place at some basic level. And, you know, we can, the protocols can help us, but, but they're not going to solve it. John. And we just, we need to make sure that you one must understand the same problem is going to happen with Mars. I'm not sure if we can leave the planet either and leave the problems behind. As long as humans are going, that may be fair. John. Right. Well, one thing you didn't understand in the early years is the copyright was going to be initiated to care about. And John Perry was figured that out on the first and the first to write about it and wired, had to drag us along a bit to work on to work on it at all. But now it's a major for what we do, what we do is because, you know, copying nation and nationally how networks works work. So the, I don't know that we've really identified, identified new, new, as big as copyright. Maybe anti antitrust is another one that we didn't think we'd have to get involved in and maybe now we do. Yeah, I think those are two of them. I think patents as well is something that, of course, Mitch and our current board chair Pam Samuelson identified a long time ago as an issue that we then launched, have launched projects and continue to work on as well. So that's another one that comes to mind. So we only have a few minutes left. So I want to do a kind of a lightning round and ask each of you, you know, so what does the world look like if we get this right? What are, how does our, I take your point that the digital world, the offline and the online world are increasingly difficult to separate. But you know, we're here at EFF. So what is our, what does the digital world look like if we get it right? Let me start with you Esther. I mean, I sort of question the premise that there's an end state. And I mean, what we need to do in a sense is develop a grammar for changing the rules. You know, a constitution rather than a static set of regulations because you know, there's things continue to evolve and both the problems and the solutions keep moving dynamically. I do think, as I said earlier, if we have a well educated population that is both literate and knows how to think and also is mentally healthy and happy, you know, I mean, not life, life requires struggle, it would be really boring if it didn't have it, but the, we need to figure out how to evolve and change rather than, we need to keep going West rather than going to the North Pole. You know, we keep moving forward, adjusting, changing, having proper ways of doing that. And that, that's very big, but that's the reality of it. I think that's really right.  But, you know, I always used to say if there was a nuclear explosion, after the explosion was over, it sort of, some things would become easier because it would just be clear what you needed to fix and sort of go around and pick up the pieces. And, you know, my hope is that as this COVID thing gets to some point where we can start picking up pieces, we'll start putting them together in a better way, you know, focusing on education, focusing on racial disparities and economics and people's need for meaning and dignified work and stuff like that. And if we do that, you know, it'll be on the internet, it'll be in real life, and it will be much better. Great. Thanks. John? Let's see. I grew up as kind of a low-class kid in a small town, and my way of getting out, getting out of life was the library, right?  I think we have, in many ways, supplanted that with the internet. We've created our own infrastructure for helping people and strangers where they don't have very many friends and people who understand them, to find their own need, finding their own in their working work and to make their way in making the world a better place. I think the challenge this generation is tolerance is the ability to let live with, as we disagree, disagree with with the generation that we think is wrong or full, who we think are level or level or countries who we we have been, you know, prized to think are bad people. I think the challenge is not, you know, now that now that we have first to all into all information in the world, now we have to develop some judgment about what to do. And not just down the P down the P, agree with, but trying to find mutual understanding. So our good future, we have mutual understanding and access to information for everyone, regardless of where they are. I'm here here, Mitch. Well, I have a, I mean, more modest goal. I'm going to answer a slightly different question. You know, how can we be less wrong? What would things be like if we were less wrong? And I would say, if we could stop thinking of technology as some sort of autonomous force for good, that would be a start. And, you know, by analogy, in America, and I know not everybody on the stream is American, and I'm aware of that, but it's where we are. There's a big rethink going on with certain quarters, because we understand that the values that we hold dear are should be taking more as aspirational than a reality, you know, liberty and justice for all. But until, and unless we hold up a mirror to ourselves to say, well, how is it that we are not living those ideals and that many people are not included and do not have the opportunity and do not have justice, that's where it starts to change things. If you hold up a mirror and ask, what are we doing and what can we do differently? How do we take responsibility for the world that we have created, especially those of us who have any degree of power and privilege? And I would say the same thing in the technology world, that a process of sometimes uncomfortable self-examination, I think, is actually going to be the thing that can make a difference in making things less wrong and less bad. And there are, there's no shortage of places to start on the issues that EFF is grappling with. Great. Thank you. Thank you. I love how two of the three of you reframed my question. I think that's a good indicator of the talent we have here. Just like every EFF board meeting I was ever involved. Well, we've run out of our hour. This has been fascinating. I could do this for another two or three. But I really want to thank Mitch and Esther and John for joining us today and John for graving all the technical problems. I want to thank all of you for watching and EFF supporters and members all around the world. You help make things like this possible. But more importantly, all the work we do every day and the, you know, the 85 people here who someday again may be here on Eddie Street in San Francisco and all around the world working on this. I want to give a special shout out to Hannah Diaz, Erin Jew and Christian Romero for their support for their, for this event on the back end. EFF has led the charge for privacy free expression and innovation for the past 30 years. We're just getting started. As you can tell, we have a very long history already, but I feel like we really are just getting started in some ways. If you think that it's important to have EFF out there standing strong for your rights and the rights of people who have no voice online, please join us. We work for tips and we stand on the shoulders of giants. So please join with us. So we also have really cool swag if you join. So there's benefits as well. But I hope that you'll continue these conversations about freedom and technology and the better world offline with your friends. And thanks again for joining us and happy birthday, EFF. Happy birthday. Thank you. Great to see all of you. Yeah. Great to see you. And now out to John Perry Barlow, Somo, Sonny, Cyber space. Yep. Yeah. And IRL sometime soon. Thank you.


Internal Revenue Service IRS tax news. IRS has $1.5 billion in refunds for people who have not filed a 2018 federal income tax return April deadline approaches. But first, an attempt at a joke I apologize in advance. I don't trust central banks anymore. It's getting to be like the old days where the only bank you can trust is deep down in the old dried up river bank. Possibly because central banks seem to be run by a bleeding herd of political intellectuals. And of course, we know what intellectuals are by the way they act whenever entering a room. They enter, lecture, until everyone's eyes roll. Hence, intellectual. Eyes rolling in annoyance at the vacuous, unpractical nonsense that keeps flowing from the intellectuals' lecture holes. Both of them. I keep thinking we just need to adjust the sound system a bit so we can hear the sound coming out of the right speaker. But no, it's no use.  However, the non-transparency that the vacuous talks seems to promote does. IR 2022-66, March 25, 2022, Washington. Unclaimed income tax refunds totaling almost $1.5 billion. May be waiting for an estimated $1.5 million taxpayers who did not file a 2018 Form 1040 federal income tax return. But people must act before April tax deadline according to the Internal Revenue Service. So we're talking about the tax year of 2018. There's typically a statute of limitation or a time frame for which you can basically file the tax return and possibly claim the refund. So if you or someone else possibly has not filed the 2018, then maybe you want to look into it at that point and see if you possibly have a refund available to you. There's typically a three-year statute of limitation. So after that point in time, you can't go back and file. Then of course the question will be, well, how do I know if I or someone I know might be getting a refund if they were to file the 2018 tax return? One way you might kind of look into that is you might try to look into the filing of the current year tax return. And you can use free software to kind of help you out with that to look at some of the things that could possibly give you a refund.  And then these years you've got other things that are involved. Now that's not as easy to do as it was in the past because of all the laws changes that have happened in recent years. But that'll at least give you some idea of the refunds you might get in the current year and then think back and say, well, maybe some of this stuff will apply in the prior year. The reason I say to do it in the current year first is because you probably have accessibility to free software if your income is below a certain threshold. And so you could use the free software for the tax year 2021 to get an idea of any refunds you might get and then try to think back and see if you would get a refund in 2018 where you might not have access to the free software but it might be worth paying for software or for help to get the prior year tax returns done. Also note that you might be saying, well, I don't have the tax documentation for prior years like 2018 because I don't have the W-2s. For example, and I don't want to go back to my prior work. I've kind of separated from them. I'm not going back, right?  And you can log into your account because remember that all those documents have been sent to the IRS. That's probably in part how they know how much they're estimating 1.5 billion in refunds that have been going back out. That's probably how they're estimating that in part. So you want to go to maybe the IRS website if you can't get it from the original source, which would be the first place you would want to go and see if you can get that documentation to reconstruct your tax return. And if you're getting really close to the deadline and you can't get those transcripts in time, you might even want to guess to file, to do your best to file the tax return with the information you have. Because if you file the tax return, then it's in like tax return limbo at least, right? So the IRS might say, well, it doesn't quite line up to the W-2 information, for example. But you might have an extended period of time to adjust it at that point because you've taken action before basically the deadline. So you can keep that in mind as well. What could contribute to the refund, you might ask? Well, one, if you had W-2 in work, then you might have withholdings. So even if your income was low, you might have withholdings. And then two, there's always this earned income credit. So the earned income credit might apply and that's a refundable credit. So even if your income is very low, you may still access the refundable credit. That was still there in 2018, although it has changed. The laws have changed over time. And then you have the child tax credit, which again has drastically been changed in the current year. But it was always there before and there's generally a refundable portion to that as well. So, quote, the IRS wants to help people who are due refunds but haven't filed their 2018 tax returns yet, end quote, said IRS Commissioner Chuck Reddick, quote, but people need to act quickly. By law, there's only a three-year window to claim these refunds but closes with the year's April tax deadline. We want to help people get these refunds, but they need to file their 2018 tax return before this critical deadline, end quote. The IRS estimates the midpoint for the potential refunds for 2018 to be $813. That is half of the refunds are more than $813 and half are less. So I don't think you can put too much into these like estimates or averages because they are on average. So there could be big outliers when they get to these averages. So in any case, take it with a grain of salt, I would say. In cases where a federal income tax return was not filed, the law provides that most taxpayers with a three-year window of opportunity to claim a tax refund. If they do not file a tax return within three years, the money becomes the property of the U.S. Treasury for 2018 tax returns. The window closes April 18th, 2022 for most taxpayers. Taxpayers living in Maine and Massachusetts have until April 19th. What? What's with that? What's with that? That's not fair. So they got that extra day if you're living in Maine or Massachusetts because of some holiday. The law requires taxpayers to properly address mail and ensure the tax return is postmarked by that date. The IRS reminds taxpayers seeking a 2018 tax refund that their checks may be held if they have not filed tax returns for 2019 and 2020. So even if you get the refund but you still haven't filed 2019 and 2020, they might hold on to that until you do because they're a little suspicious that something funny is going on over there with your lack of filing situation. So in addition, the refund will be applied to any amount still owed to the IRS or a state agency and may be used to offset unpaid child support or pass to federal debts such as student loans. So whenever you get the refund, the IRS, if you owe the IRS money in other years, for example, they'll take that money and apply it to the other years that you owe the money and they could apply it to state and child support as well. So, but at least, you know, someone's getting the money so it might still be worthwhile. Your loans go down a bit in that case possibly. By failing to file a tax return, people stand to lose more than just the refunds of taxes withheld or paid during 2018. Many low and moderate income workers may be eligible for the earned income tax credit the EITC for 2018. The credit was worth as much as $6,431. The EITC helps individuals and families whose income are below certain thresholds. The thresholds for 2018 were now this this amount is pretty deceiving. $6,431. That would be if you had, like, I think, three children, the maximum amount of children and you had the perfect amount of income because it's actually a pretty complex calculation to figure because your credit actually goes up with earned income. And then the child's going to take into consideration. So then the tables are all different by how many children are involved and then it goes back down after a certain threshold. So, tax software is really helpful for this credit. So, anyways, the threshold for 2018 were $49,194, $54,844 if married filing joint for those with three or more qualified children, $45,802, $51,492 if married filing jointly for people with two qualified children, $40,340, $4610 for married filing jointly for those with one qualified child and $15,270, $20,950 if married filing jointly for people without qualifying children. Tax year 2018 returns must be filed with the IRS center listed on the last page of the current form 1040 instructions, current and prior year tax forms such as the tax year 2018 form 1040, 1040A and 1040EZ and instructions are available on irs.gov forms and publications page or by calling toll free 800 tax form. And so there'll be a link to this in the description so you can get that information if you want by going to the link. However, taxpayers can e-file tax year 2019 and later returns. Taxpayers who are missing form W-2, 1098, 1099 or 5498 for tax years 2018, 2019, 2020 should request copies from their employer, bank or other payer. So obviously you want to go back to the source document and ask them for the stuff. But again, if you don't want to go back there, you're like, I'm never going back. Then maybe you can go get a transcript from the IRS because they have it too. They have it too. They could probably do their tax return by themselves at this point, given the fact that their nosy business already got all your information already, nosy people. But in any case, so you can get that from them. Taxpayers who are unable to get missing forms from their employer or other payer can order a free wage and income transcript at irs.gov. That's what I'm talking about. The transcript, that'll give you the information might not give you the state withholdings by the way if you have state withholdings because you're on the federal side of things. But it'll help you fill out the federal return at least using the get transcript option. So there's a link to that here. Alternatively, they can file form 4506T to request a wage and income transcript. A wage and income transcript shows data from information returns received by the IRS such as forms W2, 1098, 1099, form 5498 and IRA contribution information. Taxpayers can use the information from the transcript to file their tax return state by state estimated individuals who may be due 2018 income tax refund. So they broke down their estimates by state. I won't go over the states here, but if you think that's interesting, you could check it out. So they got the table here, breaking the info out by each of the states. So there's a link to this in the description so you can check that out if you want to and the other links that are in here. And so there'll be a link to this in the description.


We all know Super Mario World, but did you know that you can hack the ROM of the game? I'm sure you know what you do, there's a website dedicated to hacking the game, and Super Mario World isn't the only hackable Mario game out there. A lot of them are hackable, and it's easy to do so because I tried hacking Super Mario World itself. However, it was a bit hard to do. And if you never hacked the game, you might have played the hacks that the creative fandom made. I mostly played the creepier ones, of course, there are not any hacks I found creepy that would cause me to write a giant story about them. Unfortunately, I found a hack that would cause me to do that. I first played Super Mario World on my Wii U, and it was on a virtual console, just like Super Mario 64, which I also own on the Wii U. I enjoyed playing both of them, and they are very good games in my opinion and, most importantly, my favorite games in the franchise. I didn't have the games on their original consoles, the Nintendo 64 or Super Nintendo Entertainment System, but luckily, I had the games on the Wii U since my dad did get them before the Nintendo E-Shot closed down as of now. I had both of them for a long time. At the time, I didn't know how to hack my games until I found out that you could emulate them. That's how I was able to try out my rums. Here's my story. I stumbled across the website dedicated to hacking Super Mario World, smwcentral.net. The site had weird, funny, horrifying and amazing hacks, and I tried each of them. Now, since I don't have any friends, I always had to be Player One, but as Mario. I could get past that thanks to these hacks, and I could play as Mario's twin brother, Luigi, as a lot of them have Luigi starring as the main protagonist instead of Mario. However, one of these hacks made me laugh pretty hard, and it had no title or offer at all. I downloaded the rum hack and started to play out of curiosity and being very intrigued. The game started, and it showed the Nintendo logo, still in its golden design, and the lovely coin sound. The title screen popped up. I started to feel uneasy, only to find out that the title screen had no title at all. You can give this hack any basic name, like the exaggerated Mario in all caps, or the exaggerated Luigi in all caps, even though this hack has nothing to do with Luigi, at least not right now. I'm not playing with anyone, at least for now. But the true horror in the title is Mario himself, he had no face, no mustache, only his nose. He was just walking there, and the walk cycle was repeating without anything changing in the title screen. No credits either, not even from Nintendo or the offer, I assumed the creator of the hack forgot to add them. The fact Mario had no face was a bit weird, but I gave it a pass, and with the title missing. I thought the game was being laggy, as my computer can run laggy at times. I continued, went past the title screen, and watched the game start. It started pretty slowly, but I got pretty concerned, so I checked my settings and other programs to see what was happening. Each program and scanner said my computer was normal, so I thought the hack was slow and carried on after the game loaded. It took me to the introduction screen with Mario still missing his face, and nothing was changed during this part. It was informing the player about the plot of the game, and King Koopa, known as Bowser, kept napping the princess as usual. I stayed here for a while until I looked at my watch, feeling bored. The game took me to the map, some bushes were missing, signs were broken, and cute faces on the longer bushes were missing as well. If you look at the image I added above, it used castle appears to look darker than usual, and I could swear, on the right side of the screen, I can see something in the water. None of it was important, except for the title of the level itself. Your house. This didn't creep me out as much as if it was talking about my house in real life. It definitely doesn't look like that, unless I like the main characters from Adventure Time. I started the level, still waiting for my computer to start, yelling at it, assuming it could hear me. I do this normally sometimes, usually, it listens sometimes. I entered the level, but the sky was an ugly yellow. This level seemed darker than usual with the birds missing, the fruit, even though there wasn't any, and the fireplace having seen better days. If you look on top, you may notice how the head looks blurry and low quality. It's not normal to see this, as the pixels for this game and everything about it look perfect. Run on sentences aside, I didn't care, as I thought the guy who made this head was just screwing around with the rum, so I did a small throat laugh at it. I looked at the puff coming out of the chimney, and for whatever reason, it was red, and you know exactly what the red is supposed to be. Ketchup? Cool lead? Strawberry juice? Paint? No, it's everyone's favorite, blood. Are you surprised? I thought you were, maybe that's where they ground up Mario's face. That's my guess however, and the scary part is that I looked closely at the signs, and they had my address. Did this game seriously grab my address, and know where I live now? Maybe I could prevent this from happening by simply playing the game until it ends. I left my house, apparently, and I went to my level to the right, starting it immediately. The level started, familiar to the title screen, it was just a boring straight line, no enemies or anything. However, I could control Mario freely. What overwhelmed me about this level was the time, starting at 224, so I had to speed up a bit. It made me happy that the head was back to normal, but suddenly, as I was controlling Mario in this boring level, the regular happy-go-lucky music started playing, except louder than usual, causing me to take off my headphones aggressively. Putting them back on, and if you look at the image I attached above, I will describe the image to you if you can see it somehow. I was weirded out at the coins and points bar, I collected about 10 coins somehow, and my points were 19,350 when I didn't remember seeing any coins as I just loaded in. Unless the game automatically collected the coins, I didn't hear it. Anyway, I reached the end and completed the level, however, the other level on the left was already completed, so I went to it use Castle. I have to admit, this was kind of clever, as the sign was nothing previously, but it was replaced with a simple question mark. However, the weird part about this is that the water was darker. The reason I said this was clever is the title of the level. Number 1, feeling empty yet? I got it since I could see a question mark at the bottom, obviously asking me a question, and I answered my computer, assuming it could hear me, by saying yes. I entered the level. Again, it took a long time, so I waited for the level to load. I was in a pitch black room, and like anyone would do, I was walking forward until something happened, which something would happen, explaining why the other level was completed. Mario stopped, and there was someone tall, green and faceless like him. He had overalls and a plumber's hat like Mario, and if you best Luigi, you're correct. He stood there and started running until I started chasing him. I continued chasing him until suddenly, an image flashed on my screen. The image flashed again, and it was clear what it was now. How can I explain this? It was an image of a mutilated and painted green horse, familiar to Yoshi, and the horse had a red saddle, again familiar to Yoshi. The unsettling part about the image is that there was a huge overweight man with the same familiar outfit as Mario, even though it wasn't settling enough. He was standing there, staring at the body. He didn't look scared, well, kinda. He looked like he was about to pee himself and take a dump in his pants at the same time. Dear God, it must have been the Italian food he's been eating. Anyway, there was a skinny guy identical to Luigi, looking like a stick figure. He was standing there looking at the horse with his wide little eyes. After all of that, the image finally goes away, and I'm finally caught up to Luigi. When I tapped him, the screen jumped out of the frame, and it took me to the final picture. Mario and Luigi were very detailed, and the image used looked identical to the regular ending picture. No music was playing in the background. The game then shuts off. However, when I came back to the website, the heck had been recently deleted without a single trace, and I might have been the only one to discover this heck. Anyway, I would like to thank you all for staying here and listening to this post. Have a lovely day, afternoon, night, or whatever time zone you're in.


What's up everybody Jason from jazby's case breaks comm 2020 Panini contenders optic football 10 box case break picker team number 5 Just sold out again. This is a 10 box intercase all-card ship So five and six from the same master We had a little team filler to unlock this break guys So if you see your name with a little character sign that just means you want that in a filler Also to you guys just you know for the most part. I know it's early on so the sunlight still trying to get into the store One of our studio lights kind of went out so we already ordered some new lights to replace it The one above above my head, so you'll see the lighting will be a little off not too much, but It'll be back to normal soon So today there might be just a little Two inners guys one two three left four five six rights Let's see which one we use here One two three four five six is to be used for pick your teams number six, which would be coming up next in a separate video Justin just gets into the crates on IG enjoys the breaking easiest way to Stay home right with the kids. It's just break from home. It's like the best thing All right guys. Good luck. I popped in early on on Friday for the release to break on Instagram and I Did pull some bangers over there Did pull some bangers Josh Allen and Kj Hamler rookie ticket Pull two Justin Herberts and the whole master as well. We got Garner Minchu and a nice Jalen Hertz EA with my Eagles 31 out of 125. All right, we have Freddy Swain. Oh, is this Kirk cousins? It's like a retro ticket Out of 25 19 out of 25 Kirk cousins to Washington football team addition That is going to Matthew 19 out of 25. I was interesting. All right. You like that Dak Prescott and Denzel Mims out of 99 Got Jared Goff Javan Kinlaw That's number 250 out of 50 here Jacob Phillips Brandon Ayuk very nice on-ticket on-car ticket That is for the 49ers going to Brett straight up 22 out of 75 Next one nice Joe Burrell pink number 32 out of 75 Bangles one of John. What are wrecks? JK Dobbins. All right. We got Devin DuVernay and a JK Dobbins little refractor or sorry to say a hollow All silver we have, you know, Benjamin. I did Rex I see it actually right before you tag me on it and a Tua Togo by Lowe at a 56 out of 75 for the Miami Dolphins beautiful It's pretty much the same tour again, but they're not in LA because they're playing Pauline Coachella next year So if I'm gonna want to see them it's either gonna be at Coachella unless they do like a special Los Angeles show Or if not, I'm gonna have to go to AZ spend the night at the in-laws to see them But I'm assuming they should add an LA show at some point just because I think the weekend They would be in LA would be a Coachella. There you go. Very nice But did you see that bad bunny? Has a tour coming out And this ticket's going sale Thursday and Friday You do that Yeah, rage is going rage is going on tour with the with jewels to I believe or rage against the profits. No, isn't it? Sorry profits, I believe I think they're doing both. I think I have the email her somewhere He should be able to rex. I mean he's doing it for the money, right? even though Even though They're donating a lot of their stuff to like causes, but I'm sure they're getting paid a lot of money to do this He hasn't had any tours in a while so you can do it I thought they were touring with profits, but I might be wrong. We have a Jordan Brooks out of 10 Well, he should be fine, right? I mean he hasn't really done much at least that we know of nice gold out of 10 though for this Seattle Seahawks going to Brennan and Anthony McFarland jr. I don't know. He's a pretty chill dude. My brother-in-law met him a couple times in Eagle Rock He just he just chills goes to like the vegan places there eat some food get some some smoothies Dude just straight chillin. I'm sure he's I'm sure he'll be fine. This is probably what he's been waiting for So do one crazy tour And show people how his voice is All right, we got burrow and Gino Ackens with James Robinson Tom birdie ticket with a Khalil Mac.  All right. We got the new hunter and Adam feeling Jake from Viking's going to John We got Cam Newton and Henry season ticket. We got Jabari Zuniga That is number 35 out of 50 And we got a redemption We have a rookie ticket RPS autographs red car number 141. It's Tyler Johnson for the Tampa Bay bucks Bucks going to Adam That too. He might he might have that after his career is over But I don't see him playing for the pack is his whole career. He's gonna leave That's one has a couple extra hits. I think Levante David Tom Brady. That's an orange number to 50. I think that is 17 out of 50. Yeah Antonio Gibson Wilson and Jacob Eason a little hollow Derrick Brown nice little color match 58 out of 99 and Antonio Gandhi golden 23 out of 99 Very nice. I love those colors. I hit one of these Justin Herbert's color match on Instagram on Friday It looks so beautiful with Herbert or charges. I should say in general They go watching football team gonna math no problem Tyler. Congrats, man. All right, three more boxes Three more boxes Car we got round numbers as is Simmons and AJ Terrell with Jake Luton We have AJ Dylan another one for the Packers Six out of 125 We got for the Dolphins That is number 19 out of 50. It's no right there and For the Ravens not number just a base rookie ticket there Ravens that's fouled Devon do Renee All right, two more guys We got winning ticket drew breeze and a little Denzel Mims base We have the viscissional junior out of 125 Joe Reed little refractor hollow for the Chargers And Brian Edwards Little base for the Radis It's gonna mark a huge huge autograph last box guys Remember the second half of the case is in Pikachu number six Which sold out straight up so that'll be coming up next for the Eagles Wentz and Fletcher Cox out of 75 And a little LaVisca We got George Kill That just depends on the the player that you have vanilla It's not really too much Panini's fault. It's more the player's fault Who's the who's the player you have? The pretty much tells the story unless it's a card that they haven't had in a while But most of the time it's a player not fulfilling these redemptions and Nice green Pulsar this looks beautiful John Hightower. That is 11 out of 27 for the Eagles by goes by that is EA and And out of 99 little chase young Well, you know what we got to tell Clyde we're there stop being a clown needs to sign his autographs He probably hasn't he's definitely like he's probably clad is a layer is probably the equivalent to like Jula glass here where it took like a year and a half to get some of this stuff He eventually fulfilled it, but it took a little time All right, so there you go guys here were some of the hits the autographs Brian Edwards there Joe Reed Do over name we got no orange We got Derek Brown Zuniga we got McFarlane Brooks. That was a gold rookie ticket. We have, you know, Benjamin That's IU which is a really nice one Phillips Kirk Cousins was interesting. It's like a retro Swain And then of course some of the bigger Autographs that we got which wouldn't be top-loading these as well guys chase young Got love and to a toggle by Loa So there you go guys appreciate it. This was break number five number six is coming up next It's a redemption to a Tyler Johnson read appreciate it


Let's talk about blood pressure and what you need to know for the dental office. So basically vital signs as a whole. We need to be taking blood pressure, vital signs, the pulse, respiration at every single new patient exam because we need a baseline of what is normal for that patient. Low blood pressure could be normal for them. High blood pressure could be normal for them, depending. If they're taking blood pressure medications, that might be high blood pressure for them, but without the medication, it's a lot higher. So we need to be asking these questions because ultimately in the dental office, we need to be preventing medical emergencies and that starts with taking and recording vital signs. If things are normal, if things are ideal, then we need to be updating the vital signs every two years. We do not have to do it every appointment unless we're concerned about something. So if a client has unusually high blood pressure that we're monitoring, we should be taking it at least once a year if not every time they come in. If you see a patient every three months, I feel not taking the vital signs is doing a disservice because if they had high blood pressure last time, you told them you were going to monitor it and then they come in for their three month cleaning and you don't take the vital signs, well, were you serious about monitoring it last time or what's happening there, right? So we should be doing it every time or at least once a year for those that were going to monitor. So in the dental office, blood pressure, sorry guys, let me move that back here. Blood pressure is something we need to do first. So basically you guys, what is hypertension? So hypertension is when blood pressure is too high. What is hypotension when blood pressure is too low? Both aren't a good thing. We're of course going to be more concerned with high blood pressure because that can pose a lot of health risks. But low blood pressure isn't good either because that could mean they have a chance of just passing out if they get a little bit stressed out during a dental procedure. So we need to be aware of that as well. But you need to know what is normal? Basically for adults, 120 over 80 is normal. Everything higher than that could be prehypertensive. Very high could be hypertensive. There is different stages. Anything lower, that is when we talk about low blood pressure, something to keep a note of. So there's many different stages of hypertension. There could be two, there could be four. It depends on the chart that you're looking at, but I've kept it very simple here. So prehypertensive, this is when things are normal but a little bit higher than maybe you would like, something to keep an eye on. That is when the top number is 120 to 139 and the bottom number is 80 to 89. But then look at stage one hypertension. This is high, you guys. They have hypertension, something to keep an eye on. You can still do dental treatment, but keep an eye on it, let them know they should really be seeing their doctor just to make sure everything is okay. Maybe they have high blood pressure, this appointment only because they're super nervous for their teeth cleaning. Who knows? But stage one hypertension is 140 to 159 is the top number. The bottom number is 90 to 99. Stage two hypertension, not good. I personally would not see patients if their blood pressure was this high because I would be worried they could have a medical emergency at any moment and I wouldn't feel comfortable sending them home. So stage two is 160 over 179. Remember, normal is 120. So that's a big difference, you guys. And the bottom number of stage two hypertension is 100 to 109. Remember, normal is 80, so a big difference. Keep an eye on this, send them to the doctor, let them know you're not messing around, these things need to be monitored. So then temperature, to keep it simple, anything under 100, I feel is normal. If it's 101 or higher, uh-oh, they probably have a fever, something's going on. In the dental office, in my dental hygiene practice, I don't personally take temperature, but I guess it can't hurt, right? I'm more concerned with blood pressure, respiration and pulse. So pulse, okay? So let me talk about pulse a little bit here. So pulse is when you're looking at, you know, those beats per minute. And normal for adults is typically 60 to 100. For children, I tell people 60 to 140, depending on the age. So typically it is higher, they have a higher pulse, but that's normal. If it's too high, over 100 beats per minute or too low, then we have a term for that. Tachycardia or bradycardia, those you do have to make a note of. Do you necessarily have to put that in the chart? Those key terms, maybe not, but I do, why not? Respiration, so how the client's lungs are doing basically. Are they breathing quite quickly or normal? So normal could be anywhere from 12 to 20, 15 to 25. So basically if it's 30 per minute, that might be too high. If it's 10, that might be too low, but just something to keep in mind. And then we have different classes for how we're going to treat patients for dental care. You don't have to worry about this so much necessarily. I do talk about this more inside the board exam prep academy because for the board exam, you have to know it, but not necessarily for the office you are working in unless you're putting patients to sleep on a regular basis. If you're referring them out, then you probably don't have to worry about this, but feel free to take a screenshot if you like. I hope this helped you guys. Please let me know if you have any questions and I'll see you in the next one.


Tuesday, November 3, 2020, the Ministry of Health received confirmation of 10 new cases of COVID-19. All of the individuals following testing for COVID-19 were placed in quarantine as they awaited their results. They have now been transferred into care at the Respiratory Hospital. Case number 85 is a 32-year-old female from the Miku district. Case number 86 is a 32-year-old female from the Denver district. Case number 87 is a 68-year-old male from the Grosley district. Case number 88 is a 30-year-old male from the Viewford district. Case number 89 is a 19-year-old female from the Viewford district. Case number 90 is a 58-year-old female from the Labry district. Case number 91 is a 35-year-old male from the Grosley district. Case number 92 is a 35-year-old male from the Grosley district. Case number 93 is a 41-year-old male from the Miku district. Case number 94 is a 57-year-old female from the Viewford district. Six of these cases were identified through the contact tracing process and epidemiological links have been established. Cases 85 and 93 are linked to Case 61. Case 87 is linked to Case 65. Case 88 is linked to Case 68. Case 90 is linked to Case 69 and Case 92 is linked to Case 55. This week, the Ministry of Health's Public Health team will continue to conduct tracing as well as interventions in communities of public health priority to reduce the potential of transmission of COVID-19 within the country. The Ministry is grateful for the support that we continue to receive from community leaders as well as residents of the various communities with whom we have been partnering. We ask that while we intensify our response that we all continue to practice the guidelines to reduce the exposure to the virus. The Ministry of Health also recorded four recoveries of individuals who were in care for COVID-19. All other patients in care are stable and do not require critical care. There are at present 62 active cases with a total number of cases diagnosed in country to 94.


Opecao Seamos Farmers had the opportunity to meet with the Minister for Agriculture, Fisheries, Food Security and Rural Development, Honourable Alfred Prosper, to discuss the current state of the Seamos industry as the Minister continues to develop the strategic plan for the agriculture sector. The Seamos Farmers spoke on the challenges they are currently facing, including Seamos quality issues and land acquisition difficulties. Minister Prosper also expressed concerns with the help of the Seamos Farmers, due to the cultivating conditions, including long periods spent in water, encouraging the Association to look into insurance policies for their members. I am making that commitment that my ministry will work very closely with your association and every other association because I believe there is a lot of potential for the Seamos industry. I want it to grow and to grow as much as possible so we can now see an industry based on value added that can generate tremendous revenue for our country, for our Seamos Farmers, supporting the livelihood of our rural people. Minister Prosper also emphasized the importance of strengthening ties between Seamos Farmers and Export St. Lucia in order to ensure that goods of international standards are produced and that the country's market share increases. When you look at Prande and you look at Opicon and other areas in the rural communities, this is a very, very, very good industry that is impacting the lives of many, many persons. But I see the Seamos industry, if it is not regulated, we may stand to lose the industry. Just imagine a pound of Seamos from what you said, and I heard it before, $35 to $50 a pound, $35 to $50 a pound. That tells us something about our Seamos. So you mentioned the premium quality of it and we are getting a good price for it or we will get a very good price for it. But it would have been very good for us to maintain that price and even increase it rather than reducing it. Minister Prosper affirmed his commitment to assist Seamos Farmers to combat the several issues plaguing the sector with a continued focus on increasing St Lucia's food security and improving people's lives. From the Communications Unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, I am Anicia Antoine reporting.


What teaching skills are required in the classroom? Teaching means imparting knowledge or skills to the learners, through various modes of communication, using a wholesome mix of audio, visuals, text, body language, pictures, mimes, and many more. Therefore, we can say that teaching is communication and it's always a two-way process. As a teacher, you must have great communication skills. As a language teacher, you need to make sure that your students understand and follow what you say. You should be able to speak with them effectively and firmly in a calm and clear tone. Similarly, they should have this trust on you that they will be heard and understood too, that their views are equally important to you. Make sure that the classroom environment remains a two-way process and Make sure to listen to and deal with the concerns of students, colleagues, and parents. A confident teacher is patient. Managing a young learner's classroom is not an easy task, and a class of teenagers will have its own kind of challenges too. There could be students who would test your patience but being patient with the troublesome students and rather dealing with the negative disturbing behavior will help you improve the class atmosphere. Students would enjoy learning with the teachers who have positive and friendly behavior. There are always students who aren't able to do as compared to other students. We as teachers learn that we should pair or group the students in a way that no one is left behind. A skillful teacher will go one step further, will encourage and build confidence in that student so that he or she recognizes their worth and reaches to the maximum potential. A professional teacher knows the subject. An ideal teacher should have the expertise within the subject area for example, ESL, he, she must continuously update their knowledge. He, she should have pedagogical knowledge, he, she should also have instructional and curricular knowledge in order to be a successful teacher. Having thorough subject knowledge and skills will give you the confidence you need to deal with the class. Planning your lesson plans, appropriate materials suitable for the specific age groups well before time will help you keep control of the day in your hand. Technologies and teaching. The world has become a small place. Technology has connected the extremants of the world and brought them together. And the profession of teaching is definitely not left behind. From audio visual methods of teaching to smart classrooms, teaching has been changing every day. For example, young learners enjoy dancing on poems or songs and every teacher has a stock of these resources. But what about teenagers or adults if want them to engage in music related activities? Using karaoke in ESL classes gives an opportunity to engage older students in music activities. Nowadays classes have their blogs or social pages where the teacher X's moderator and students participate and interact with each other. The young generation being a tablet and social networking generation, we as teachers need to explore how we can incorporate technology in our classroom effectively and positively. A good teacher is flexible. Teachers need to have patience while dealing with difficult students or classroom situations. There may be times when your lesson plan doesn't go as you planned and that's where you need to be flexible. Keeping calm and improvising at the very moment is a skill what an ESL teacher will need to deal with everyday classroom situations. Learning from your everyday experiences makes you different from others. Teachers have this ability to inspire students, coworkers, and even parents. A teacher can spark their students' imagination, ignite their minds and set them on the right path. The important thing is to connect with the students by establishing the rapport with them. That inspiration will lead your students to fulfill their potential and achieve amazing success. A great teacher is an artist. The American author and Nobel laureate John Steinbeck once said, I have come to believe that a great teacher is a great artist and that there are as few as there are any other great artists. It might even be the greatest of the arts since the medium is the human mind and spirit. Teaching is definitely an art when you pick your tools and materials and paint the classroom canvas by creating an enjoyable, motivating and ideal learning environment for the students. It is science too when you apply various teaching methodologies, work out the lesson plans, time management and details of seating arrangements in the classroom. Being an ESL teacher doesn't only mean preparing ESL lessons plans, managing classrooms, doing the evaluation and an exam, teaching requires many more skills to get positive results in the classrooms. Sometimes you become a theater artist, sometimes an instructor, sometimes you play with your students and sometimes you are a mentor for them. Juggling within a variety of roles such as dealing with student behavior, being up to date with computer technology, individual counseling, and inculcating positive attitude in the students by being an example of positive role model, etc is what makes a teacher successful in the classroom, and that's what it takes to see happy smiling faces of your students at the end of the class, who equally wait for your next class and of course a satisfaction in your mind that you have been successful in your mission to knock on the doors of their minds and hearts. Nobel laureate, prominent Indian author, poet, and musician Rabindranath take or belief that the main objective of teaching is not to give explanations, but to knock on the doors of the mind. Master your teaching skills taking a TEFL course. All of these teaching skills are great ideas that will help any teacher make the most of their time in front of students. Speak with an ITTT advisor today to put together your personal plan for teaching English abroad. Send us an email or call us toll free at 1-800-490-0531 to speak with an ITTT advisor today.


Hello and welcome to NewsClick. Today we're going to discuss India's latest space launch, the GSLV Mark III. We have with us D. Raghunandad, who's been following these issues for NewsClick for quite some time. Raghunadad, good to have you with us. GSLV Mark III has been a major achievement because we have been talking about this at NewsClick in other places that India really needed a muscular launcher to be able to reach geostationary orbit with a satellite which is roughly about four tons thereabouts. The minimum required today for really commercial space launches. Do you think that GSLV Mark III puts India in this bracket? As you say, we've been talking about this for several years now through all the laudatory, self-congratulatory launches that India has done to Mars, to the moon, launching a hundred plus micro satellites. All these are very nice achievements. But if India was to be taken seriously as a commercial space launch nation, it needed to be able to launch heavy satellites, which were meant for commercial applications, particularly for communications satellites, which is where the money is and where the demand is, which meant launching satellites of about four tons plus at high enough altitudes to enable geostationary positioning of the satellites. So this has been a long time coming, but having reached there, I think it's been a milestone. What India now has to do is to have similar launches. Normally in the space launch universe, you are taken to have a reliable launch capability if the same launch vehicle repeats a success three to four times. So people would wait to see two to three successful launches of the GSLV Mark III. Then I think we will start seeing commercial interest being expressed in India's launch capability. What is a cryogenic engine? This is a third stage is the cryogenic stage. So what's a cryogenic engine? Why is it in the third stage? The third stage is where you want the boost to take your payload up to a high enough altitude and to position it correctly for geostationary function. So you need sufficient power. When you say geostationary, you've been fixed above a certain spot on earth. So that requires two sets of maneuvers. One is to position the spacecraft roughly on the equatorial plane. Only the Europeans, the Arian launch site in Guinea is virtually equatorial. Shri Harikota is not too far from the equator, but we still need to maneuver a satellite once you've launched it to get it on the equatorial plane. And other is the position of the satellite, the height and the so on. But this requires a fair amount of power. Now that power, if you're going to use solid propellants, will require a very huge weight up in space, which is why you decide to go for a liquid propellant but at very low temperatures so that you can store the fill and store the fuel and it will not weigh too much when you carry it up. And that is why the cryogenic engine has turned out to be important. Not that it is the only possible way of doing this. Why has the Indians cryogenic stage, which really started in 1998 or there about, of course, earlier work from 80s, why did it take about 19 years of time before India could stabilize? The first thing of course is that it's not a particularly easy technology to master. It is a tough one and India for a long time thought it could get this technology from the Soviet Union later from Russia and then either adapt from that technology or reverse engineer it and develop the cryogenic stage. This started developing problems after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The transition to Russia which then started having a slightly different approach to technology sharing with other countries. I think the relationship between Russia and India also started changing with India looking more to the west for different technologies. All this posed a challenge. If you look at the background of this, it was the Yeltsin government which really buckled under the pressure of Clinton administration and literally sabotaged what was an existing cryogenic agreement, which was for peaceful purposes. As you know cryogenic engines are never used for missile purposes. It takes three days to fill. So therefore nobody's going to wait three days for a launch. So the fact that it was a peaceful transfer, it did not violate the what is called the missile MTCR, the control regime. All this was really not the issue. The real issue was the Americans didn't want India to be a competition space commercial launch vehicle. So the basic thing was a shift in the geopolitical environment with Russia changing its position and once the Soviet Union or Russia the successor regime earlier under Yeltsin finally gave way to the Putin regime. By that time I think it was too late because Putin's Russia started looking at technology transfer etc in very different but that is already too late. But by then it was too late. We have spent nine years trying to develop our engines. So by that time then India had invested its time and money into developing its own cryogenic engine and that is I think of interest in the GSLV Mark III is that earlier variants of India's cryogenic engine which it had been using in the GSLV Mark II were derived from earlier Russian designs. This cryogenic engine used in the GSLV Mark III is a completely indigenous design owes nothing to the earlier Russian designs and is a completely new Indian design which is I think what makes it particularly significant. So what you are saying is that if you have two or three of more such launches that India would be firmly into this communication space launch vehicle market. We have been launching our communication satellites to Darian route that's been the preferred platform for India. So who are the other players in this field and how would India be positioned with respect to more technology and cost. Well the US, the Europeans, the Russians and the Chinese have such launch capabilities. Japan has launch capabilities has never really established itself as a established player in the launch market particularly in heavier satellite launches. So we are essentially talking about four players. NASA has virtually gone out of the satellite launch business now. So it's left to players like Elon Musk and others to take the ball forward. So they are playing in the market as well and Musk is playing for the low cost market by shifting to reusable rockets thereby reducing costs. So that's what his game plan is. So that leaves the Europeans and the Russians the Chinese are not really global players in the commercial space launch market. So I think India has a good slot to enter into there is sufficient demand in the market and not enough players. So if it can show reliability what you're saying is in cost terms India would get an economic advantage or the commercial advantage because it really offers cheaper launch costs. The other part of it you see a shift of possibly towards smaller satellites micro satellites and not going in for such big large satellites so that you have more number of smaller satellites but you cover the earth similarly. This is happening in different applications particularly in tracking applications. There are some of the satellites we launched in our earlier record breaking 104 satellites launch for example is a company which is using micro satellites to track any vehicle ships trucks trains whatever. So any courier cargo carrier anybody can track exactly where their cargo is going whether it's on land sea air whatever and they do that by having 100 or more micro satellites all around the earth rather than having one large satellite tracking it. So for some of these applications this works but the difficulty is in communication satellite where you want your communication satellite position just so and those communication satellites with the transponders and so on tend to be heavy which is why there is still a premium on the 4 ton class because for example about 10 years ago you would have had communication satellites in the 1 ton or 1.5 ton range but now people want with a single launch to have a much larger number of transponders up because then you can hire out the transponders to other users. So communication satellites today tend to be of the 4 ton plus range in fact many of them are today 6 tons and there is one other aspect which has been highlighted in sections of the Indian media and in the international media whose utility and potential I think we should discuss at some other time but which we can flag here at the moment is with this India has opened the door to the possibility of human launches as well. We could not have attempted to put an astronaut in space until you had this size of launch capability and apparently ISRO has already put forward a proposal to the government looking for a human launch about 8 years down the road and I think maybe at some future date we can discuss the pros and cons of this. The third stage being lower innovative music hygienic fuel and cryogenic means of course very low temperature. Thank you very much Raghu for being with us this is all the time we have today for news click keep watching news click both our youtube channel and the website