Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1987 to 1992 and also serve as President of the Senate from 1993 to 1997, Mr. Nebelsnack represented Sen. Lucia overseas during his political career and as Foreign Affairs Minister he represented Sen. Lucia at the United Nations in New York at the 43rd session of the General Assembly. He retired from active politics in 2006 and has since written extensively on the Constitution of Sen. Lucia. The Governor-General designated as the sixth of Governor-General, immediately preceded by Hadeem Poletrizi and joins a line of governors-general in the presence of we have Sir John Mallet, Sir Alan Lewis, Boswell Williams, Susanisus James, all of whom are now desist. Desist Sir Vincent Flossack also acted as Governor-General for about five months from the 30th of April to the 10th of October 1988. Sen. Lucia's Prime Minister, Hon. Alan Shasting, in making the announcement that the country had a new Governor-General, recognized her still in contribution of the Impolet Vizy stating that Sen. Lucia will always love the Impolet who has served exceptionally. Prime Minister Shasting went on to thank the Impolet for her grace and her counsel. The National Television Network is always pleased to bring a live coverage right here from the House of Assembly and today's ceremony is being attended by members of both the Upper and the Lower Houses, a former Governor-General, the Impolet Vizy is also in attendance. Also members of the Diplomatic Corps, the Secretary, Cabinet Secretary, Mr. Benjamin Emanuel who will be taking care of the proceedings here today. I could see the Director of the OECS Commission, Dr. Ditkos Jules, members of the, we also have former Senate presidents and also former House speakers and the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Commissioner of Police and a whole host of other people who have come to witness the installation ceremony. The family of Mr. Snack is also in attendance. His wife, Julia Snack and the other family members, Mrs. Snack has five children, three are here today, the other two are overseas and Mrs. Snack is highly respected in the legal fraternity and three of his children who are here, two of them have followed in his footsteps. We have Sadia who is a lawyer, we have also Sir Yorja who is a lawyer and we also have Suzette who is an entrepreneur. So three of them will be witnessing the installation of their dad as the island's Governor General. We must note also that Mrs. Snack is the brother of the late Winston Snack who served as Prime Minister of Senutia for eight months from 1981 to 1982. But we have a brief preview of how the ceremony will be unfolding. The ceremony will begin with the arrival of Prime Minister Hon. Alan Shastney, followed by the arrival of the Governor General Designate. Pairs will then be offered after which the Cabinet Secretary who is Mr. Benjamin Emmanuel will read the Royal Commission appointing the Governor General Designate as Governor General of St. Lucia. The Governor General Designate will take and subscribe the path of allegiance under oath of office administered by the Chief Justice who is the Hon. Dame Janice M. Pereira. The Cabinet Secretary will then present the Royal Commission of Appointments to the Governor General Mr. Nebel Snack and there will be two addresses. The first one will be delivered by Prime Minister Hon. Alan Shastney and the second which is the inaugural address will be delivered by the new Governor General. The Cabinet Secretary then brings a ceremony to a close. So there you have it and this is how we expect things to unfold today. So we await the arrival of the Prime Minister and the Governor General Designate so officially begin the installation ceremony. Now since the establishment of the Office of Governor General provided for by Chapter 2, Sections 19 and 22 of the Constitution, persons have been raised about the duties of the Governor General. The work of the Governor General is indeed a full-time job and there are endless duties to be performed. He or she exercises on the sovereign's behalf the following duties and responsibilities as stated in the Constitution. Presiding over some of them include have the duties of the Governor General include presiding over swearing in ceremonies of the Prime Minister and Cabinet Ministers presiding over the state opening of Parliament and delivering the throne speech, taking the salute to join the dependents, the parade, the signing of documents which include giving royal assent to bills and acts passed by the House of Assembly and the Senate into law, holding weekly meetings with the Prime Minister on matters of state and governance. The Governor General also exercises constitutional and parliamentary responsibilities for the following purposes, emergency powers, a declaration of state of emergency, summoning, prerogation and dissolution of Parliament, prerogative of mercy. Also Governor General he or she also has exercises executive authority over the following constitutional appointments, Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition, Cabinet Ministers, members of the Senate, senior civil servants, commissions and boards. They also have an executive authority which gives the power under the Constitution to make or revoke appointments to governments or public offices and to commissions and boards after careful consultation or advice has been given in accordance with the relevant sections of the Constitution. However where it does not apply the Governor General is authorized to act in his or her own deliberate judgment as stated under the following provisions of the Constitution. Composition of Senate, inability of a Senator to perform functions, Electoral Commission, Public Service Board of Appeal, appointments to the commissions and boards are made on the recommendation of the Prime Minister after consultation with the Leader of the Opposition. So we say that the work or the job of the Governor General is a full time one. The Governor General also acts on the advice of the Services Commission when making appointments to public offices and also when removing or exercising disciplinary control of a person's holding or acting in any such office. As far as the promoting of foreign relations, the Governor General represents Saint Lucia to the rest of the world such as the receiving of foreign ambassadors when they present letters of presence, high commissioners and heads of regional and international organizations when they make courtesy calls upon the appointment to office, entertaining visiting heads of state or royalty and when the Governor General makes state visits overseas to other countries in support of Saint Lucia's diplomatic, economic and cultural relation. So what about promoting social and cultural identity? Yes the Governor General does have a role in that area and provides a leadership in those aspects of social, cultural, intellectual and economic life of the country which fall within the remit of the Office of the Governor General and these include providing a focus for national identity and unity and pride by attendance at events of national significance such as National Day and Independence, the activities and on remembrance the Amir of Sin past the Governor General making their presence known at celebrations such as these. The Governor General also recognizes success as achievements and excellence through the investiture ceremony held by the state for the order of Saint Lucia and the sovereign's newly and mostly honors award ceremonies held by the educational and private sector and private sector. So opposite here now we notice that the chamber is slowly the persons are walking in and we almost have a full house this morning persons who have come to witness this installation ceremony family and friends of the Governor General designate members of the diplomatic corps, members of the clergy, members of the upper and the lower house. We also have members of few members of the media and over to the house for a statement by the cabinet secretary and also we invite you at this time to ensure that your telephones your cell phones in the off or silent moon. Thank you. Just taking care of some housekeeping matters asking those present to ensure that their cell phones do not cause any disturbance during the ceremony and so persons are busy checking ensuring that their phones are on the silent. So as we were talking about before the duties of the Governor General the Governor General is also responsible for the swearing in of ceremonies. She presides over swearing he or she presides over swearing in ceremonies where the oaths of allegiance are to be taken and in the cases of the prime minister the justice of the peace cabinet ministers of government members of the integrity commission parliamentary secretaries members of the service commission magistrates and members of tribunal what have you. So there are just some of the host of duties performed by the Governor General of St. Lucia and we await the arrival of the prime minister who should be making his entry into the chamber anytime from now on the GIS of course is also is pleased to bring you live coverage of the ceremonies. Okay if we were to look at the gallery we could all we also see a few members of some of the a few members of the some of the departments of governments and on screen you would see senator Fortuna Bellrose and Honorable Herod Stunditlers we also have independent you also have a dependent senator we have Mr. Timothy Mangal right here and on screen you would see the infrastructure minister and minister MP for Casper is the North Miss Honorable Stevenson King the prime minister has just made his entry into the house which means that anytime from now we should see the official start of today's installation ceremony of the island's governor general designee Mr. Manuel Neville Snack. Well this time we turn you over to the main proceedings presided over by the cabinet secretary when members are standing signalling the entrance of the governor general designee who is now making his way up the stairs accompanied by the Ed DeCamp and police officer. Governor general designee Mr. Emmanuel Neville Snack please remain standing for the opening prayer that will be done by Archdeacon Christian Glasgow of the Anglican Church. Let us pray the name of God his father son and Holy Spirit Amen as we ask God's blessings upon these proceedings let us be reminded of his words unless the Lord builds the house deliver in vain who build righteousness exhorts a nation power belongs to the Lord give God thanks in all things Lord God we thank you for this day and thank you in a very special way that you can share in the transitional of a high office and doing so without ranker and violence as happens in many other places as we pray for this institution ceremony we ask a very special blessing upon your servant Emmanuel Neville no call to this high office we pray that you may grant to him your sinful gifts of the Holy Spirit especially that of wisdom discernment and fortitude that in the exercise of this office you may do so without fear or favor remembering always the dignity of this office this nation of stint Russia we give you thanks Lord for the Helen of the West we thank you for its beauty and now as you prepare to receive a new governor general we ask Lord for your people that you may be one under your leadership this works in Jesus name amen you may be seated the governor general designate mr. Emmanuel Neville snark will now take and subscribe to the oath of allegiance to be administered by her leadership honorable just justice Louis Esther Glenn man justice of appeal Neville snark you swear that I will faithfully bear true allegiance to the majesty to the wisdom of the second affairs and successes according to law so have you gone man you know now you swear that I will serve the majesty in the list of the second affairs and successes according to law the office of government ladies and gentlemen so Emmanuel Neville snark governor general of St. Lucia got the general solution sir man Emmanuel Neville snack and lady Julia snack justice of the appeal court her leadership the honorable Louise Esther lemon president of the Senate mr. Andy Daniel speaker of the house the honorable Leon Theodore John former governor general dame pull that Louisa spouse of the deceased former prime minister lady Janice Compton members of Parliament members of the diplomatic corps members of the judiciary representatives of the solution Christian Council recipients of the solution cross members of the public service members of the discipline forces representatives of the private sector agencies invited guests ladies and gentlemen and not police members of the media the government and the people of St. Lucia are pleased to welcome his Excellency sir Neville snack as governor general of St. Lucia so Neville is our island's six governor general and a fitting choice for the esteemed position serving as the representative of Her Majesty the Queen sir Neville you've joined a high caliber of solutions who have served in the position of governor general permit me to recognize in the Parliament chamber today the former governor general dame Paulette Louisa dame Paulette will always be an icon and an inspiration to our country we thank you dame pull it for your dedicated years of distinguished service to St. Lucia you have consistently led the celebration of our two noble laureates Sir Arthur Lewis and Sir Derek Walker and been devoted to the preservation of our Creole culture you will forever be honored by the solution and your dedication is an example for all of us dame pull it we thank you every governor general of St. Lucia has created his or her own legacy and I am certain Sir Neville will undoubtedly do the same so Neville snack has six has sixty years of experience as a public servant beginning in 1958 he was general secretary of the Civil Service Association so Neville also served as mayor of the city of Cassarys a director of the solution electricity services manager of radio solution general secretary of the solution Labor Party secretary of the supervisory committee of the civil service credit union from its inception leader of the opposition chairman of the public accounts committee minister for foreign affairs and president of the Senate he has 40 years as a politician and is hardly a secret that he was famously associated at least with at least three parties that we know which I might add is hardly unique in St. Lucia as it turns out it's also on record in handset his selfless reasons for changing his allegiance right after the 1987 general elections it took much courage and love of country to do what he did in the circumstances and Sir John Compton was quick to acknowledge this Sir John himself had found good reason in his time to move from one political organization to another that he felt was better pleased to deliver the aspirations of the people the easy road has never been has never attracted Sir Neville throughout his life he's never lacked the courage when necessary to assume against the raging tide always he has been followed always he has followed his heart it is clear Sir Neville was never cut out to be ordinary Sir Neville has always written articles extensively and continuously about the constitutional matters of our country it is due to his years of experience and his intimate knowledge of the history of this country that Sir Neville is best place to help our government especially at a time of rebuilding a new signature and through his guidance I hope to avoid many pitfalls his time as foreign minister from 1987 to 1992 will serve him well in his duties of supporting Sir Lucia's diplomatic relations by receiving foreign ambassadors and international and regional dignitaries it is because of his family his lovely wife Lady Julia and the raising of five exemplary citizens three of whom serve in the legal fraternity that he also recognizes the need for discipline which I may add you a soft touch apart from the constitutional duty his duties on the sovereign's behalf our governor general is called on to recognize and award the excellence of our people we also see the governor general is a figure that promotes pride in our country and the celebration of our national identity is most significant that Sir Neville takes on this role St Lucia is in a year shy of her 40th birthday so Neville knows this country's journey and our government is also confident that Sir Neville is aware that this is a defining moment for all of us a time when we must admit that we have the experiences of the past to guide our future decisions and all of us young and old are integral to the process of building this great country over the next four years we will be implementing the people's mandate a mandate which includes building confidence in our country our economy and giving the people of this country not only hope but tangible change and opportunities for growth no matter where they come from Sir Neville we are honored to have you with us on this journey and once again we welcome you and your lovely wife and wish you a successful term in office justice of appeal court of appeal court a leadership the honorable ways ester Lenin prime minister minister for the finance economic growth job creation external affairs and the public service honorable Allen micro chassis president of the senate honorable and the Daniel speak of the house on the Leon field or John former government general dame kalyuka perlet maize espouse of the deceased former prime minister lady Janice Compton members of parliament members of the diplomatic corps members of the judiciary ladies and gentlemen family members fellow solutions my people do you say because you don't make false say the plural felt to cook god knows that i only force myself to be virtuous for his sake since brevity is regarded as a soul of wit you will be very happy to know that the prone to long middleness for the sake of the soul of wit i have on this special occasion allowed myself to be seduced by brevity this was not to tire you and you'd enjoy the balance of the day permit me however to first apologize for disappointing those who based on the mean circulating had rather hoped i would make my parents in the broad brim pink thank you honorable prime minister and honorable ministers for the trust we posed in me to be the governor general of our simplisher that lady with a mystic smile but simplisher is not just smiles warmth wonder and friendliness smiles from the glistening sunlit waters that surrounds warmth generated by the health giving self-springs wonder inspired by the divinity in the majestic pitons shaped by an immortal and a friendliness that is ubiquitous and unique for when given an opportunity to show her nobleness nobleness and love this pearl in the Caribbean perhaps vultures eldorado has never been found wanting leaving always according to her soon after her king ria savagely vented her full roth on domica st lucas maternal concerns were promptly summoned that sense of urgency in coming to aid magnify the soul it was adorable palpable and delicious and for a long time will linger onto my own planet those unable however to make even the humblest contribution shake only with those who could for st lucas has always been just one big kind heart no matter what our problems for all those reasons which inspire awe and wonder i think st lucas still an unpacked treasure can become the Gibraltar of the Gulf of Mexico as it was once thought if the dreams brought to our doorsteps do not just lie there and die during my inauguration as president of the senate in 1993 i gave this assurance the senate which some me still recall i am not less the present of the opposition for being appointed by the government this was meant to show that there was a certain sacrosanctity inherent in certain offices that demanded unwavering impartiality that same sentiment i repeat here today and say i am not less the governor general of the opposition for being appointed by the government for a governor general is a symbol of unity to bind us together as one this for me is the stamp and hallmark of our true parliamented mocks and i pray that the almighty god sells subsisting god with a nightless awe with knowledge of rights for st lucas never needed us she needs us now each one doing his or her duty just with malice towards none and charity for all in a society where everyone is as important and i mean every word when i joined the political fray in 1969 in my first political speech on the market steps i made this declaration of conscience in accordance with the highest roman principles there is one law for all the law of justice the good of the people is a supreme law bonus properly supreme alex and urged that to be a politician you must first have a sympathy for human beings and a passion those words were crowned by saint paul's exhortation to the effusions let no speech proceed from your mouth but whatever is good for supplying what suits the current necessity that it may give grace to the heirs to this day they remain firmly rooted in my memory culled out of the mold that shaped my character what i was in the beginning still i am and will forever be i mean every word since my entry into politics in 1969 i have virtually seen heaven and earth pass away before my eyes yet wilted not filled and braced with experience gained it is possible to cease and lose your fortune in a grain of sand and guard against dark clouds and pitfalls most importantly we are forever to be in mind that where power is given by the people for the benefit and happiness of the nation there must be the strength to exercise it and stubbornness when necessary however that strength is always to be exercised with a soft touch and a sure hand a most salutary principle enunciated by one of the finest politicians of the united states of america had like students that soft touch and sure hand that soft touch and i say finally i see my primary office to be in the return of peace to saint lucia if poverty is to be deracinated and eliminated and prosperity i should everyone must be his brother's keeper only so could there be a return of that sweet gentle peace we once knew and enjoy those inclusions to deliver one word more i am bound to thank my shy and self-effacing wife janitor for all she's done for our children and for my family friends and me why linked arm in arm with me in the political arena for some 45 years very tabloom i say this is the distil essential i salute you janitor my girl my friend esteem ladies and gentlemen i'm compelled by the circumstances of an inadvertent omission on my part in the order to now present to the governor general the royal commission of his appointment at this time we will have the musical pollute we stand for prayer the final benediction by the reverend sef ampedu of the methodist church you are the alpha and the omega the beginning and the end of everything we want to thank you god that by your grace your messes we come to a successful end of this ceremony give you all the fans and praise pray o god invoke your blessings upon your servant immanuel never snack we ask for wisdom we ask for your power your strength that lord he will be able to discharge his duty according to your will now the lord bless you and keep you the lord make his face shine upon you and be gracious unto you the lord lift up his light of countenance upon you and give you his perfect peace the name of god the father son and holy spirit amen remain standing for the national answer remain standing to allow for the governor general his excellency the neville immanuel snag governor general of st lusia to exit the chamber the island's new governor general his excellency is a never snack in his riveting inaugural address the governor general expressed gratitude to the prime minister for allowing him to serve in the highest office of the land his excellency showed that his service is to both the government and the opposition and that he will sit with that there is unity in the land he reminisced on his early entry into politics that was 1969 which he recounted that he's seen both good and a challenge in moments one of his primary goals has said is to return peace and prosperity to st lusia in welcoming the new governor general prime minister honorable allen chastney went on to detail some of the achievements of his excellency and also wished him well in his new office as the island's governor general the prime minister also took time to express gratitude to the former governor general dame pellet louisie stating that she will forever remain an icon on the loken landscape well that has been our live coverage of the installation ceremony for the island's new governor general his excellency so never snack who was accompanied by his wife julie lady snack and three of the five children susette sardia and serri hoja that takes us to the end of today's ceremony i was your host julie de peter and on behalf of the production team at the national television network thank you for viewing the broadcast


At Appalachian Wireless, all smartphones are 50-100% off retail pricing for back-to-school. This includes all smartphones, so don't be tardy, don't miss the bus. Get to Appalachian Wireless today. Two-year agreement required excludes outright purchase and advantage plans, while supplies last. This weekend, thousands of people will be visiting Johnson County for the 33rd Annual Van Leer Town Celebration, which is the largest fundraiser of the year for the Van Leer Historical Society. It's to keep up the museum, which the museum itself is 105 years old, so it's a lot of repair and upkeep on the museum. We own the park, the mini-park up the road with the caboose, so it's always an upkeep with that, and we own the school at Butcher-Holler. If you've ever gone to the home place of Loretta Lynn and Crystal Gale, you've passed right by the museum, and if you've never taken a tour, you're missing out. You know in the movie where Co-Mirer's daughter, where she goes and sees Dr. Turner, this is the building, the actual building, and we have all of his equipment upstairs. So you can see that, and we have a military room where we honor all the veterans from Van Leer and Waste Van Leer. There are also hundreds of pieces of history showing the evolution of coal mining in eastern Kentucky, and the Friday and Saturday of the town's celebration are the only two days of the year the public can visit the museum without an appointment. But there are also lots of events taking place outside. You can even have a skillet throw. It's usually girls, it's just the women, that'll see how far they can throw the skillet, because those hay bells are real heavy, so it's easier for a girl to throw a skillet. And bring your own 12-gauge shotgun and test your aim at the turkey shoot on Saturday morning. You bring your own gun, and we provide the shells and the targets. Best shot wins, and it's a 50-50 thing, so however many sign up to shoot in that one round, and then you win half of that money. For more information about the festival, as well as the soup-bean dinners and ghost tours on Friday and Saturday, you can check out the Historical Society's Facebook page. In Van Leer, I'm Shannon Deskins, EKB News.


What they gonna do with me now? I'm still a talk of the town. Get me the sisters. I'm hooking them down. Reach for the smiles and the frowns. Gang hop out, then we clarin' them. Hey, guys. We're in a new episode of Talk of the Town. Today we have a special guest. Jeezy. Jeezy, Jeezy. Hey, guys. So how are you? I'm good. I'm happy, you know. Yeah.  You say you what?  A lot of motion. So you moved around? Yeah. How you been dealing with that? I mean, I got to deal with it, but I've been dealing with it good. I think. Pretty good so far. So happy place. Happiness. All right. So we're going to play a quick game. Rapid fire questions. I'm going to ask you a question. Just say the first thing that comes to mind. Okay. You from, where you from? The Bronx. Okay. Describe the Bronx in one word. Ghetto. Last thing. But a good ghetto. A good ghetto? Yeah. Last thing you spend money on? My hair. Never be cheap with your hair, ladies. Never. Favorite artist outside of hip hop? Outside of hip hop? Lana Doree. Favorite app? Excuse me? Favorite app. Instagram. Your dream car? It might not sound crazy, but I really want a GLE 63. AMG. Red interior. Boom. Yeah. Not crazy. What's the artist you feel like is overhyped? Everybody be excited before, but you're like, eh. You're trying to get shady, huh? What do you mean? I mean, it could be anybody. You're trying to get shady. I'm really not. Like, people be overhyped. To me, people be overhyped to play board card. Like, you see how they be while at the concerts. I feel like I don't feel like that. I see what you mean. You know what I'm saying? I mean, it's a lot of artists like that, but at the end of the day, everybody got their own opinion. You feel me? And I don't want my opinion to take me the wrong way. So we might spend that. Okay. All right. Okay. What's the artist you listen to for motivation? For motivation? Mm-hmm. Honestly, I've been listening to all the girls lately. Like, all the girls right now is killing it. Icepice, Lola, Lotto, Cardi. Like, all the girls, they just come in. So they motivate me because, you know, we all girls, we come from nothing. Like, so, yeah. Is there a specific song you feel like or not? No, I don't got a specific song. It just depends on the dance. Honestly, it's mine. Okay. Like, my own songs. To motivate you? Yeah. Okay. What's one word you say in every song? Quack. That's your favorite, Alan. I like it. Yeah. Who do you feel like is underrated? Me. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Celebrity crush. Celebrity crush. I mean, crush, he got to be, he got to be an actress or something, right? Yeah. This is a celebrity crush. I mean, he died though. Oh. Paul Walker. Oh. He died. R.I.P. I love you, baby. Wait for me up there. Come. Wow. Yeah. You wasn't expecting that, right? No. And last one. See, because you've been spending me. So I don't know why she was acting for me. I had to shoot, baby, shoot. Which rapper would you not let date your daughter if you had one? Oh. None of them. None of y'all. None of y'all. None of y'all. Like this clip. Okay. So tell us a little bit about how you got started into music. It was, it came to me. Like, I mean, since I was little, my dad always was in the church music and the church band. So I always go with him to like practice or hear him play the drums. And that's how the music came into me.   And it would rhyme and it would sound fire. And eventually I did a freestyle. I recorded it with my phone and I posted it. It was a freestyle me sitting in the car doing the act up remix city girls. Okay. I did my own version. English, by the way, or English. Okay. It went crazy on Instagram. Like they was jacking it. They was jacking it. And then a DJ called me to perform it. A freestyle. Like it was crazy. A DJ called me. It was crazy. Like they call me to perform it in the club. I'm like, what? Really? I don't even got a song out. Right. And yeah, that's what happened. That's what got me really into music. Okay. So from, so you posted freestyle in the car. Like how many days after did you get the call from the DJ? Probably like a week. Same week. Yeah. A couple of days. How did you finally go to the studio to lay down? Did you lay that song down officially? Or that was just. It was like a SoundCloud thing. Okay. Yeah. I did lay it down. I put it on SoundCloud, but that was about it. But yeah, I got into the studio officially like to lock in. Like a year ago. Okay. So it's been like a year so far. Yeah. Okay. So how has that been? Great. I love it. Okay. And yeah. Family supportive of it? Yes. Yes, they are. Yeah. Do they listen to you or you don't know? Oh yeah. Word for word. They know every song. Word for word. I'll be like that. That makes me like cringe. Like just seeing them watch my videos. Ah, at least don't watch it when I'm there. Let me leave first. And then you watch it. So you shy like you don't want to watch it with them or just because it's family. I'm just like that with everybody. Like you could say here, watch my videos. I'm like, oh my God. Like I'm a cringe a little bit. So you feel like you still like, I don't want to say shy, but maybe like, I don't know. Just a little bit. Because do people be stopping you with stuff? Yeah. Taking pictures and stuff. Yeah. So you kind of used to it. I'm getting used to it. Yeah. But especially with the family though. You could say that. Like if it's family. Yeah. Okay. And so you make Latin trap. I make English, Spanish, Chinese, Japan, whatever you want, baby. I make English and Spanish though. Okay. But in the Spanish is Latin trap though, right? Latin trap, then bow. So it's a little bit different. Different. They could throw in everything. Like I don't have a genre. So I can't answer that question. Okay. Not yet. I don't think there's going to be one. Oh, so you're just trying to paint your own. So if you had to describe your music, what would you say it is? It's G's Lee. I can't compare it. It's nobody I could sound like. It's nobody that inspired me to do it. Like to sound like that. You know what I'm saying? It's just weird. Okay. So you know how something would be like, oh, I have like car late night music or I got bad music. Like what do you, what's your vibes? You feel like. My vibes? You want me to be honest? Yeah. What's your vibes? I like to listen to music without words. So you like beat, melody. Tech house. A lot of tech music, techno, EDM. Stuff like that. Okay. Yeah. So you feel like you're mixing that with everything else? No, I'm not mixing. I'm not actually adding that. I'm just, that's just stuff that I listen to. Okay. To disconnect. Right. From what I usually, what's always around. Like the drill, the hip hop, the rap, the reggaeton, the dembow, like music like that with no words just like takes me far away. Okay. So it helps it creative. Very, very much. Yeah. That's different. I haven't heard that yet. Yeah. So, um, so someone never heard the music. What song would you tell them to listen to? Okay. The 42 song, the one you said. Okay. Cause you know, I'm in this song getting it. Yeah. But they said that my friend, my friend, she's in tune and she said the, I don't want to say his name wrong, but Rochi is a big artist. Yeah. He's one of the biggest. So how did y'all connect? Honestly. So the song was originally me by myself. I had two verses and all that. Like it was complete and I was going to drop it like that. But I was like, you know what? It's something missing here. Like I can't add something. And then I got two, two, two of the artists that's on it, which is TV guns and Yomel. They jumped on it. They hit me. They jumped on it. And then we shot the video. Okay. Just us three. We shot the video and the behind the scenes went viral. Like they recorded it and posted it the behind the scenes and they basically posted the whole song. Okay. Yeah. So Rochi ends up calling the other artists TV. They cool. Yeah. So he calls him like, yo, I want to get on the song. As long as fire. Right. So it was up from there. Okay. Yeah. Okay. Like it was God. So all organic. So I guess when me, because you travel a lot. Yeah. So are you meeting people like other states?  Or how are you connected with the Spanish artists? With the Spanish artists, I meet them a lot in DR Miami, Puerto Rico, stuff like that. So the 42 42 song. So is that can break it down for me a little bit. Is that a place? Is that a 40? Yeah. So it's a place.  And this is in Puerto Rico? In the Dominican Republic. Yeah. Okay. So is it like, would you say that's like the Bronx or that's like our 42nd street? No, it's like the Bronx, but like, like the ghetto, the ghetto is Bronx. Like you see, you see how like how they do car meets, like in the nighttime, the weekends and they'll do my music. Yes. Like that. But three times, three times more ghetto. Okay. Yeah. Okay. All right. So are you going to, you shot the video with DR? In DR. Yeah. Okay. So how is it like going back and forth?  I like it because I have fun doing it. I don't see it as work. Like I enjoy it. So what's your favorite part? Shooting videos. You might want to cut that. Yeah. What's your favorite part? My favorite part is shooting videos and just creating. Like I like to create music. I like to record. I like to just, my favorite part honesty is when, when I record and everything and I hear it. Okay. It's like, wow, it's actually, it came together. Are you a perfectionist?  Like what's your process? I spend a lot of time on it because I'm real picky with my sound. Very, very picky. So yeah, you could say I'm a perfectionist. Cause if, if I don't like it, if I have to do it 50 times, I'll do it 50 times, 51 times. Okay. All right. So what are you working on at the moment? Ooh, a lot of things. A lot of things like, whoo, English features, Spanish features, but crazy. Like things I would never expect. And that's just a blessing. I've seen you have ran into, um, and well. Yes. I did at his concert. He invited to his concert. He invited me and it was great. It was, it was, it was great. It was fun.  Song on the way. She's fishing right now. She's fishing right now. Like maybe possibly. Most likely. Most likely. Okay. Cause he's super big. Yeah. He is. And he's great. Like he's one of my favorites. Landtrap. Like top, top two. Landtrap.  So you see how they have like hip hop billboards and they have Latin billboards. Do you have like a goal of like where you want to dominate or you kind of like happy with whichever way works? I'm happy with whatever. Honestly, like whatever gravitates, like, you know, I'm coming for both though. I can't, I don't want to be just one. If you get what I mean. If they had a Spanglish billboards, that would be me.  Yeah. Okay. So, um, so what New York, I mean, I don't say New York artists, but what like, yeah, what New York artists are you into? Right now? Yeah. Or who you linking up with? Or who you listening to? You said Lola. You said Ice Spice. Like the girls I'm listening to, the guys, I'm like, I'm really into this Jersey drill scene right now.  But I mean, yeah, I like the Jersey, all of them. I listen to all of that. All that.  I like it. Okay.  Yes. Is it out? No. Okay. What's the hold up? Why you holding all the sauce? It's not up to me, man. I don't know. I don't know. It's just, we wait for the right time. You know, it can't just, it's art and it's a lot behind everything.  So real strategic.  You could say. Yeah. You could say. How many people is a party team right now? I don't even know. If you had to guess. If I could count. If you could, if you had to guess.  I'll give you, I'll give you a good eight, nine. Eight, nine? Okay. Okay. Okay. That's not even being, you know, exact. That's just an estimate. Just an estimate. Okay. So how did you meet everybody?  I mean, just me shooting my shot. I mean, I was opening for artists. His name is Kiko Grazie. He's a Latin artist. International. Shout out to Kiko. I was opening for him in a club. And I see he walked in with this team. And there was this one person on that walked in with him that I've been following for a minute that I've been trying to pitch my songs to so they could listen to it so they could help me with it and guide me because I had songs in the tuck but I didn't want to drop. So there was this one person that I see that I've been kind of hitting up for the longest and I hit him up again. I'm like, yo, I see you, whatever. Let me play you this song. I ran down and they got, they replied to me and we got together and it was just history. Yeah. Yeah. For sure. Okay. So was you pitching to a couple different people or was you following that person and you lucked with that? I had a couple different people. Okay. I was just testing because I had this one song. It's Coco Rico. It's out by the way. This one song. I had it. I did it in DR.  I will go to DR, record music, come back just to have it. So I had this one song and I'm like, you know what? I don't want to just drop music to drop no more. It got to make sense. Okay. Like, ain't no way because I liked the song. I really believed it. I'm like, I just needed that one push behind that song. And so I was pitching it to everybody, getting different opinions, different people, different managers, people, you know, just trying to find something. Fishing around. Yeah. And you're doing all this independently. Yeah. Right? Yeah. And then I found the right person and yeah. So what is it that you was looking for, I guess, when looking for a team? I guess just someone that saw the same vision as me because the vision I have is just very, very different. Like I said, I can't compare the sound or the strategies or anything like anybody else. So they just had to see it for what it was. And it's, it was hard and it was very hard for people to see it at the time because I didn't have anything. Like I was, I didn't have mad music. I probably had like one, two songs, English one and Spanish one. And it didn't have numbers or nothing. Like, you know, so I appreciate all that. Okay. Yeah. Okay. So now, looking at your videos now, it's given like high tech productions.  What's like, how are you prepping for a music video? It looked like you spent a lot of time on it. I mean, at first I would just, I get my hair done. I hit up my stylist, my hairstylist like, yo, I need this color. I decide my hair color. I put my fit together. Oh, so you style yourself? Yeah. But now lately, like for the, for the last video I had with called Tomala with Kiko crazy, I got a stylist for that one. And I have another video coming out and I got a stylist because honestly, it's a headache. Yeah, it's a lot. That's why I'm like, girl, you was doing all that. It's a headache. Like I love to dress myself. I'm going to be wrong because I have like this type of style that's just different. But it's too much when you got a lot of other things to focus on. It's hard to focus on your fit. Yeah. That's like, for me, that's very important. Yeah. Like the fit, the hair, I don't care about makeup because I don't really, I don't wear makeup like that. Okay. So, but yeah, the fit, the nails and the hair, like. Okay. So how do you feel like you got your sense of style? Who do you feel like had a good style that she was like, that's just cute. That's cute. You like the way they dress? Or you just like being extra? Like, I don't know. I like to be different and weird.  Nobody would wear like. Okay. But you like to stand out. I love it. Yeah. Like I don't like to wear things everybody got on.   You feel me? You want to dig deep or creative. Right. That's what make you swaggy.  They know. If you know, you know. Okay. Okay. So. All right. So boom. So styling yourself, production is getting there. So musically, right?  The timing and I guess like my momentum at the time.  Okay. That go with what song I'm going to put out next. Okay. Like that. This is why I do all this different type of music. Like I could do a song for any type of, any vibe. Like I have any vibe. Like let's say right now I'm getting the English momentum back up. Okay. Like I'm in, I'm in a lot of podcasts, English, doing, working English programs or doing English freestyle, like on the radar, stuff like that. That would be good. Like to go towards dropping English track. Yeah. You feel me? But it all got to make sense at the end of the day. So yeah. So on the radar, I think you like one of the only people to do English and Spanish at that time. Maybe. Am I? I think so. I'm not going to drop it out. So I am about to quote it, but I feel like it. So like, um, so you wanted to go on there and do both or you know, just trying to reach both. Yeah. I just do both. That's just what I do. So I just did what I do. No, I know. But like, okay.  Yeah. Oh, yeah. For real? And then there's another program just like on the radar.  And like that's what a hot artist that Spanish go. And I did that too.  Maybe talk about it. Oh, okay. They into him. Okay. So like, um, so getting into it, right? So some, so it's artists that could be there and be lit. And I guess be on this side and be lit. Um, people like to be if like 69 is on the Spanish side, he's like, I guess big over there. I don't know. You could tell me yes or no. I don't really follow 69. Like I'm not into none of that because he got a song with this Spanish girl and she's like, I don't know. Yeah. Number one or something. Yeah. I mean, they doing a thing. So do you feel like stuff happens over here could affect your reach over there? Or you feel like y'all keep it pretty separate or like people know about his whole story and don't care. Different people got different morals. Okay. Yeah. Especially where you at. Like you're from New York. You got, you're going to have different morals than somebody from DR. You get what I'm saying? Yeah. So like what, what, what we not jacking over here. They all the way going to jack it because they're going to see past that. They just, you're going to look at, you know, so it's just, it depends. Like, I don't know.  Right. So over here, the whole snitching thing, we not with it. Is there some stuff out there like we're not absolutely not looking past? Or is this some stuff that we would at all? Fuck.  Oh, they don't care. Oh, so they, so that's kind of good. I guess. Cause artists could go really far at that point. If you think it's good. I mean, I don't think it's good. So you think people should have more. Of course. I mean, of course. Yes. You have to have, you got to stand. Like if you, if you feel some type of way, you got to stand on that. You just can't, you can't switch up just because, just because did that? No. You feel me? Like that's. Stand on what you say pretty much. Right. Or stand on what you do. Right, right, right. Okay. So, so in making choices in the music industry, you seem very strategic. Oh, like your choices you make, the people you work with, the songs you release, the video and things like that. So like, um, so are you learning from someone? Are you learning as you go? Did you get advice from somebody? I'm definitely learning as I go. And like I said, the people in my team, they taught me everything and we're all growing together, but I definitely learned from them and they're guiding me in a great way. And I feel like, yeah, it's all organically.   What's one lesson you learned so far on your journey?    Excuse my language, but yeah, it's the truth. Okay.  We know how that be. Yeah. So drawing that line and then some niggas, well, when we interviewed Kitty, she was like, you know, when you draw that line, they be like trying to block opportunities from you. Oh yeah. A lot of people get offended or intimidated. Yeah. Like a lot of rappers, a lot of rappers like let's say. Yeah. What? Why are you saying damn? No, I'm saying like, so Kitty also said the same thing. Like they'll try to block opportunities from y'all. They definitely will. So I'm like, damn, you experienced that already. It's definitely happened to me before. Yeah. For sure. Like they want to block you from everything. They don't want to see you win.  So how does, does that discourage you or anything? No.  Like bye. Honestly, like, but to some people, like not everybody's as strong minded. Right. But like in this world, you got to be like, especially as a female, because they say it's a man's world, right? No, babes. It's not. You stand on what you believe in and don't let nobody tell you nothing else and watch how far you're going to go. That was a good advice. Yeah. So do you feel like you would date anybody in the industry though? Or you feel like you're good. You want somebody separate? I mean, I would prefer somebody that's not in, but I'm not going to say I would never. Okay. Because you know, whatever happens happens, but I would prefer someone more low. Yeah. You know. Some people are 50-50. Some people think high profile relationships help the music. I mean, I feel like it can. Yeah. It definitely can.   Okay. Or this person's, no. Yeah. You feel me? Oh, she got lit because she's with him. Or she got lit for this nigga's cloud. Like, no. You feel me? I don't want that. So that's why I prefer nobody and that's like a rapper and nothing like that. Like, it's cool to have it because they'll understand. Like, you can't always be there, but I'm good. Yeah. So are you single because relationships, you feel like are difficult right now or you just want to focus on your career? I really just want to focus on my career. Like, I have a lot going on, and I don't think I could dedicate myself to a man right now. Okay. But when the time comes, I'll be happily open. Okay. Yeah. So what are some of my goals or expectations you have for your career? In the future. Oh, I want to have my own concert. Like a really big, like in my city, Madison, like, you know, I want to do that. And I know I'm going to do it. It's going to take a lot of hard work, but I'm not going to stop until I can.  Like, do you be like, oh, I need a gold plaque or I need a million views or whatever. Kissing me? Are you more so like... I know it's important, the numbers. It's very important. It's okay if you don't care about the number. I know it's important. It's okay if you don't care about the number. It's very important. It's okay if you don't care about it. A lot of people don't. I really don't. I go for my music, my talent, like, you know, just my work. And if the audience gravitate to it, then that's amazing. And if they don't, cool. It means I got to keep working. Okay. So five years from now, where do you see yourself? Five years from now, very established as an artist. I see... I mean, I see... I mean, as an artist, where do I see myself or as a person? I mean, in general, some people want to do other businesses, some people want to get into acting. Like, what? I mean, I'm open to all that, but I mean... That's not like a... I just see me as a big brand. Okay. Do you want to stay in New York? Do you want to move somewhere else?  It's like, I don't ever want to leave, but I need to leave. I want to get out. And go where? I don't even know. Not yet. You're still traveling. Yeah. I don't even know. I can't tell you where I want to live, because I've been so many places, but it's like, I can't live here. Like, when you... Once you're from New York, it's like, it's very hard for you to adjust. Really? People be like, I like Miami. I don't think I could live in Miami. I don't know if I can't either. It's too much going on. I don't know if I can live in Miami either, but I don't know. We'll see. Yeah, we'll see. So, what should people expect moving forward? A lot of music, a lot of unexpected collaborations. Okay. Yeah. And just, stay tuned, man. Stay tuned. You're not going to remember this face. Don't pay attention to the hair, because the hair changes a lot. But the face, remember the face. Okay? So, tell people to find you. How can they tune in with you? Gisley Official on Instagram, TikTok. Gisley Official. Gisley, G-E-E-Z-L-Y Official. Yeah. Yes.


So, the structure of DNA was actually discovered by Francis Crick, who is here on the left, and James Watson, who's here on the right, in 1953. The process of how they went about this very profound and significant accomplishment is really interesting. It points to the collaboration in science, it points to sort of a history of exclusion in science, and some interesting ethical decisions, and whose voices get elevated or honored and who gets to participate. So, like I said, this race to discover the structure of DNA was really significant and heating up in the 50s. One fellow named Linus Pauling, he was considered the king of structural chemistry, I think he is adorable, and in 1951 he published a paper on the structure of proteins. This is what he learned about the structure of proteins, won him a Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954, and folks were like, dude, this guy, he's a totally established structural chemist, he's super good at figuring out molecular structure. What he figured out about proteins is how they fold, remember when we learned about primary and secondary and tertiary and quaternary structure of proteins? He figured out what secondary structures actually are, and I named them, the alpha helix and the beta pleated sheet are the two structural things that he discovered, that's not something that we're going to hang onto and put to memory, although it's something you might see around, but it was very, very significant, obviously it won him the Nobel Prize, and folks were like, okay, that guy is going to figure out the structure of DNA. He actually, I think he thought he was going to figure out the structure of DNA, and so he didn't put a lot of emphasis on it, and he actually was thinking, he wasn't sure that he believed DNA was as significant or important as protein. There was debate around this time, in the 50s, early 50s, late 40s, there was debate still about which molecule, DNA or protein, was the hereditary beast in the body. Pauling was definitely on the side of, dude, proteins, proteins are amazing, they're where it's at, the proteins are cool, and if you think about it, proteins, and we learned this when we talked about biomolecules, proteins are made from amino acids, and we have like 20 building blocks to choose from, so we can make some really complex and interesting structures with these 20 building blocks. DNA, on the other hand, they'd figured out, has four building blocks, and we did talk about them, we're going to talk about them in more detail, but those four building blocks, Pauling was kind of like, dude, that's not that cool, that can't be the meat of the information about who we are and how we function, that can't be contained in four nitrogen bases, so his lab didn't really take this challenge very seriously, plus, these guys were kind of clowns, like, they weren't, they didn't have their own labs, they were kind of hectic, they were just a very unlikely source of competition, but in February of 1953, Pauling's lab got nervous, and they published a proposed structure of DNA, and these fellas, when they saw that this paper came out in February of 1953, they totally panicked, they're like, oh my god, all this work, they've been working on this project, they've been trying to figure it out, and they went, we're done, I guess, that we're doomed because he figured it out, he was wrong, his idea was wrong, and it didn't take them long, Watson and Crick had been spending so much time looking and looking and thinking and playing and fiddling, building models and stealing research that they saw quite quickly that his structure that he proposed was wrong. In 1952, now think about this timeline, so September of 52, these two people, Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey, they actually published a paper that said, sorry Linus, you're a cool dude, you know a lot, but protein isn't where it's at, they did this just amazing study and figured out that indeed DNA was a hereditary molecule, not protein. That probably the publishing of that paper in September of 1952, that was probably the thing that made Pauling go, oh doodoo, I better get my patootie going here because otherwise I haven't been spending any time on DNA because I didn't think it mattered. I just have to say in 1969, so much later, but in 1969, Alfred received a Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology for this research that discovered the DNA as the hereditary material. He received that award with two other men and there was no mention of Martha. Martha's on the paper, she's an author on the paper, but they did not, for whatever reason, they did not give her, she was not included in that Nobel Prize. Keep that in your brain. Okay, the other really interesting piece of evidence that they used, that everyone had access to because this guy, Irwin, Irwin Shargaff, he published his paper back in the 40s, so this paper was out there and folks knew that the amount, now think about this for a second, so our bases are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine, and we're going to talk about that more again, like what are those names, but he made this observation that in critters, the percent of adenine and the percent of thymine, if you like, blenderized all the DNA in a cell and then you spread it out and you counted the number of nucleotides that were adenine, the number that were thymine, the percent of your total nucleotide blob or bowl was about the same, and so was the percent of guanine and cytosine, so no matter what the numbers were, if you knew the amount of adenine in a cell, you could predict the amount of thymine, you could then also predict, since everything adds up to 100%, you could predict the amount of guanine and cytosine, because they're going to split the other 50% of nucleotides, they looked at many different species and this pattern was consistent, that was a huge clue to the structure of the DNA molecule, somehow suggesting that these molecules paired up, which when we look at a DNA molecule now, we're like, dude it's a ladder, yes they pair up in the middle, but they didn't know that. Here's where the plot gets a little oops, a little more complicated, because there was a scientist, Rosalind Franklin, and I say Maurice Wilkins and I have a picture of both of them here, this is Rosalind and this is Maurice. Franklin was like, excuse me, a total badass scientist, she took these jaw-dropping x-ray crystallography images of molecules, her skills at taking these x-ray pictures of molecules and then interpreting what, when the picture came out on the other end, interpreting what the structure was, she was like second to none, she was spectacular and her images were phenomenal, she was doing picture taking of x-ray diffraction of DNA, she wanted to know what the structure was, she was working in King's College at the time, Maurice Wilkins was a reluctant lab partner, like he worked in her area and she wasn't allowed to eat lunch with any of the other scientists because she had a vagina, she, Maurice Wilkins basically stole data from her and shared it with Watson and Crick, super awesome to share data, super, like this story is phenomenal in the way that you can see all these different lines of evidence that come in and lead to conclusions that are so significant and that one person by themselves couldn't have figured it out, there's a collaborative piece that's so important, but they didn't invite her to collaborate, they just stole from her, which is just shocking and this is the picture that they took of her, she got now, everyone who knows structural chemistry looks at this picture and goes, oh my God, double helix, I of course look at that and go, oh that's cool, looks like an X, it's actually like when she interpreted it, she knew that there was a double helix, that was a key to the fellas figuring out the their proposed structure of DNA. I have more words to say about this, her image was used without her permission or without her inclusion because her lab mate took her data and yikes, sorry about that, let's go back to there, took her data without asking and shared it with another research lab, Watson and Crick got the Nobel Prize, crap, I can't remember when, I can't remember what year they got the Nobel Prize, did I write it down somewhere, I'm sure I did, they got the Nobel Prize along with Maurice Wilkins, they claimed that Rosalind Franklin wasn't in the mix like she wasn't included because she had died of ovarian cancer because she had worked with so much X-ray technology for her whole life, so they claimed that she couldn't be given the Nobel Prize, I definitely when I look at the fact that Barbara Hershey, not Barbara Hershey, sorry, Martha, Martha Hershey was not included in the Nobel Prize in 1969, I'm very suspicious that they, I don't think they would have included her in the Nobel Prize awarding, but she was key in the publishing of the paper in April of 1953 and this paper is iconic, it was one page which like blows my mind like that's so awesome that they wrote one page and included all this information that was so critical to our understanding of heredity and genetics and how our bodies function the way that they do and when we get to the last lecture in the series we're gonna see like holy crap thank you, thank you fellas and thank you Rosalind Franklin for the contributions that she made to this discovery, okay that was the race now let's take a closer look at the actual structure


Hi, everyone. Good afternoon. My name is Claire Mason. I'm the director of support services at You Think Education. And today I wanted to share with you just some of the lessons we've learned over the last couple of years in just upgrading many, many, many clients and some of the takeaways we've wanted to share with you today. So for us, as you may know, we're a fairly recent partner here in the UK. So most of our clients are based in the US. And the upgrade season tends to follow the traditional cycle of the academic year. So one of those times of the year is the winter. So I was tying in the Christmas carol. So over the Christmas holidays, the winter break, usually mid-December through mid-January, is one of the most popular times. Then around the time of commencement, late May. And around our Independence holiday in July, that's usually when there's a break between maybe a summer term that starts after the 4th of July. So that's another really popular time for us. Increasingly, though, we are seeing our clients are continuously offering courses. So sometimes it can be really tough to find that golden moment of opportunity that makes sense to have the downtime to do the upgrade. But that's one of the approaches we take to maintenance for our clients is we work with you to find the time that is exactly right for you. You're not going to be, it's not like we upgrade all of our clients at once, whether you're ready or not. So to give you a sense of how busy we are in a typical year in the past year, we've done over 200 upgrades in the last year. More than 50 are currently on my calendar, on our calendar before the end of 2019. And these were some stats I put together as of last week. And I think we've maybe even scheduled a 10 to 12 upgrades since then. And as we prepare to bring our clients to a new version, there are a few things we do. One of the things we specialize in is SIS integrations. So that gives us some time to test our plugins, make sure everything's working smoothly. Some of our most popular plugins just kind of feel things out. We often do live professional development and training with our clients. Some of them have that built-in that they always do some sort of session with us, leading up to an upgrade. And we also do a lot of webinars. I think we ever since 3.2, we've been doing a webinar with each new release just to kind of get the word out there and get clients excited about some of the new features they might gain from an upgrade. So this just kind of represents that season, as you can see, the peaks and valleys of how often we upgrade. And this is from April of last year to up to a week ago. And I also wanted to show, we do plenty of minor upgrades as well. So that's the smaller wave there down at the bottom. We often have clients come to us in our limited support model, they say, hey, what's going on with this?  And congratulations, it is fixed in this point version. Great news. So we often do point upgrades on the fly. Evenings, whatever, it works best for the client to make sure that whatever that issue is is fixed. And this just kind of shows you what's coming up in the next several months for us. So as you can see, May is going to be very busy. I'm surprised there aren't more July upgrades because I mentioned in the past week, I think we've added a few to the calendar there. So now you kind of have a sense of the scope, how many upgrades we've done. Now I'll share with you the lessons we've learned through walking all those clients through this process. So lesson number one, it's important to upgrade regularly for a variety of reasons. Security patches, bug fixes, new features. We want our clients to stay up to date so that there's so many small but mighty things that get added between versions and can really dramatically change the user experience. Obviously, we want all of our clients to stay happy and especially in the United States, there is competition out there from other learning management systems. So we want them to have those latest and greatest features in their hands so that way they don't feel like Moodle is old and clunky and they might look somewhere else if they're ranked particularly several versions ago. Another reason is the bigger the jump you make, the harder the change is. I know that we all have tales of, oh, we just upgraded from, I think I heard someone mention from 3.0 to 3.6. That's a big jump. So especially if you're changing from one of the classic themes to the boost theme, it's really change management that we try to be supportive of that. It's in each individual institution. So we usually recommend that clients stay within two versions. Like I think many of you, based on the number of hands I saw yesterday, about 3.6, some clients prefer to stay on the long-term support releases and that's just fine. But we do want people to stay relatively current and we follow pretty closely and often use the Moodle roadmap in the development cycle sort of as incentive to say, hey, bugs aren't gonna be patching this version soon. So it's time to upgrade. Lesson number two is that test sites are your friend. Part of our process is that we spin up a copy of their live site, upgrade it, and allow them to kick the tires, test any plugins, third-party integrations that they might rely on and make sure that there are no surprises. Explore the scope of the changes, know what's coming. Like I said, test the plugins. And we also see this as an opportunity to take a step back and especially if you're making a bigger jump, look at some of those settings or even settings that have been around for a long time but maybe you had it disabled for some reason but now it's something you wanna revisit or I think pretty popular is tweaking the activity completion defaults to just make it easier for instructors to set it up correctly without having to manually do that themselves. And very popular as well is to give your site a makeover. Like I said, if you were on a classic theme and now you're switching to Boost, we work with you through that process to get it looking just so. Daniel was just giving a presentation earlier about how we really dig in and work through the CSS. Some clients prefer to tinker with it themselves. Other clients say, we know nothing and we'll do it for you. So we really see that as a partnership. Increasingly, we see clients want to match the branding of the college website. So for some, they like the clean look of Boost, others want some more visually marketing, branding-like elements. So we typically suggest third-party plugins like Lambda or Fordcent. Okay, lesson number three, don't fear change. Change is good, but you gotta be ready for it. So one of the most surprising things to me in 3.3 and 3.4, depending on which jump clients we're making, the end dates. Great, end dates, we've been waiting for that. It's here, awesome. Then the course overview was added. The amount of clients that didn't see the impact of how the end dates would control how the course, if they're using the dashboard, would show on their dashboard or not show on their dashboard. They didn't see that coming and it was sometimes painful because they didn't use their test site. So let back to lesson number two, that's why it's so important and we really encourage clients to use their test site so that they can see this, do some usability testing so that they can anticipate those questions when instructors are suddenly, where is my course? Oh, it doesn't have an end date, so it might be in a different tab than you would expect it to be. And all of that makes it important to plan ahead. If you've done your testing, you know what's coming, you can communicate that to faculty, you can develop, redevelop your documentation, update your screenshots, maybe prepare some training videos and materials to just kind of help make the transition as smooth as possible. And I think these kind of go hand in hand, be prepared. So developing some sort of not only that communication plan, but some training, we offer a, we would call it like a train the trainer or a what's new for admins session where we might just walk through with the LMS administrators who, what to expect, what kind of changes are coming that reading the documentation is one thing, but actually kind of seeing it in action, we often do it on their test site so they could be prepared. The faculty, some choose to train the faculty themselves, other do the training in-house, but they wanna get up to speed themselves. We found that an ounce of training is worth, it's weighed in gold as far as making that transition as smooth as possible. That was a really stark difference that we saw between the clients that had a smooth upgrade and were happy afterwards and those that was a little rockier. And as I mentioned, anticipating the questions. If you're prepared, if you've done your homework, you've done the testing, you've received training, you can kind of maybe prepare some FAQs.  Let's tweak it so that we can actually draw attention to that. And lesson number five, kind of reference on the other slides as well, but communication is really what it comes down to. I often have a lot of regular meetings with clients leading up to an upgrade to say, okay, what are, you know, it goes beyond more like, this is when the site's gonna be down and here's what the version we're going to is. Kind of maybe doing some teasers in advance to let them know what's coming. Like I said, update your documentation, prepare some FAQs and then, you know, be prepared for when that flood of questions comes in. Are you gonna have sort of self-help support resources? Are they gonna be calling or contacting your help desk? Whatever your support structures are for instructors and students that needs to be, they need to be part of that sort of effort to help get the word out. So to recap, it is very important that you upgrade regularly, that you use your test site. So important, don't fear change. If you use your test site, you'll know what's coming. Be prepared and communicate. So I mean, I think too many of you who administrate sites, a lot of this is obvious, but you know, when you see it at scale with as many upgrades as we've done over the past year, it is really, it becomes stark those the differences between the institutions that kind of follow these lessons and those that don't. So thank you very much. Thanks, Claire. We've got a question straight away in there. This gentleman over here is gonna ask the first question. Then if you've got another question, raise your hand and Bob and Halvin will come with the microphone. Thank you, Claire. Communication is key and it's very difficult to communicate with academics and get them to read emails, et cetera. So one of the things we've been doing is running a query in the database and find when assessments, quizzes, turn it in assignments, anything with an end date, in or around the upgrade date and just email them directly. So we can say, dear sats and such, you have an assessment in this module, this is the assessment title, et cetera, et cetera. And it's a bit laborious. I've just done it, it took me about two hours to go through about 40 modules or something. But people really appreciate it. And because you tend to get quite a good bit of coverage in there, because normally there's more than one person on the module, I email everybody who's a teacher on the course. So it's a good way of getting some heads up for the really key people that need to know. Yeah, that's a fantastic idea. Thank you. I'll definitely be sharing that. Any other questions? That was on the front here, yeah, thank you. Hello, Claire. So much for sharing all those lessons from you guys. Of course, you guys have a lot more experience in upgrading 200 a year. That's a lot of upgrades compared to our university when we do it only once a year. The question I had was regarding your major and minor upgrades. So we have an upgrade coming up. So I'm trying to manage the plugin upgrades for that. Because we're moving to 3.6, there are some plugins that do not have support for 3.6 right now. So should there be an annual process or a regular process to upgrade those plugins? Do you guys don't go for plugins that are not supported by the latest version? How do you guys manage the plugins side of things? Yeah, great question. So typically, I think one of the main reasons why I think the test site is so important. For point upgrades, it's not usually as much of a concern, but for the major upgrades, typically what we do is when we hand the client their dev site, we say, here's a list of all the additional plugins that you currently have installed. You might forget, some have a lot, some have a few. And usually, in our checklist that we provide them of things to go through and test, we say, hey, we've flagged these. They do not currently have a 3.6 version. Please make sure you test these. And then we kind of, sometimes it's a deal breaker. There's one that just breaks, and they say, OK, we're going to wait. We're going to postpone our upgrade until it's supported. Or often, we find, oh, if it's at least up to 3.4, it's probably going to work, but you should still test it. Please test it. And we work through that with them and kind of. But we want to empower them to really have a part in that process, because they selected these plugins over the years. You're welcome. Got a question from Tim over here. Well, actually, I was going to comment on that same issue from the other side of the fence. As someone who has plugins in the Moodle plugin database, and so they're about to release Moodle 3.7, I'm not going to mark that my plugins are compatible until I have tested my satisfaction that they work. Now, the odds are that 90% of them will just work immediately. So sometimes you will be wanting to upgrade before the plugin developer has had time to test. And therefore, as you say, you have to do your own testing. It's probably not a big deal. If you do that testing, please comment in the plugins database, say, we tried this. It appears to work, because that's really, really helpful. Absolutely. And that's why you give us feedback. Yeah, happy to do that. How many would you say, because I know that historically, people don't upgrade to like 3.7 straight away, for example. Yeah. What would you say, like most of your clients on this dependent by sector? Well, I would say we always, as soon as you guys announce a new version is out, guaranteed I'm going to get at least five support tickets that say, when can we have it? And we say, hey, let's hold back. We usually, our general rule of thumb is we wait until the first .1 version to come out before we would consider it. But then again, we emphasize, hey, this is hot off the press. We really double down on you need to test this before we'll go live. And with 3.6, .1 came out almost immediately. So we waited for .2. That's our general rule of thumb. But again, based on all the feedback we get working with our clients through testing, sometimes that varies. OK. Thank you very much, Claire.


Live from San Francisco, it's theCUBE, covering DevNet Create 2017, brought to you by Cisco. Hey, welcome back everyone. We are here live in San Francisco for Cisco's inaugural event. First time they're having DevNet Create, an extension of their classic DevNet program. I guess it's not so classic, Peter. It's been only three years. I'm John Furrier with theCUBE and here at my coast, Peter Burr is general manager of Wikibon.com. Our next guest is Jim LaGuardia, who is the founder and CEO of Nermata startup. Welcome to theCUBE. Thank you, John. So thanks for coming on. First question before we get started. What do you guys do? Take a minute to talk about what your company does and why are you here at Cisco DevNet Create. Right. Yes, Nermata is a SaaS for cloud application, delivery and management. So what we do is you can think of us as a logical layer above. You know, it's the big three cloud providers, as well as private clouds. And we provide a common set of application services for developers who are looking at multi-cloud use cases and even edge computing moving forward to provide a common layer. I was just covering SAP Sapphire last week. Again, on multi-cloud, again coming out. Multi-cloud is the hottest trend right now in terms of what people are seeing. And that makes a lot of sense. No one cloud's going to win it all. It's never been a winner-take-all. Jerry Chenick, Ray Locke said that many years ago. Turns out he's right. However, you get the big cloud guys lining up. The question is, multi-cloud, is it reality yet or is just hybrid IT, hybrid cloud, just the stepping stone to potentially a multi-cloud world? Your thoughts? Yeah, good point. And hybrid is certainly the stepping stone, but what we're seeing more and more is the application sort of being chosen to go on one cloud and on another. So it's not at a point where we're seeing the same application span multiple clouds, but based on the workload, based on the application type, enterprise is deciding whether to put them in private cloud, public cloud, or a choice of public clouds. So define multi-cloud real quick. Take a minute, so I'd like to get your definition of what is multi-cloud? Right, so to me it's a combination of being able to choose your infrastructure services primarily and being able to have a portable set of application components and constructs which can span either these public or private cloud deployments. And today, of course, there's a lot of momentum towards public cloud, but private cloud is also going to continue to grow and will continue to grow for various reasons. So having that choice of deployment is really what we're seeing as multi-cloud today. And of course, to put a plug in for Wikibon and Peter's research, they just put out a new true private cloud report and had it pegged at a market of what, 260 billion? For true private cloud, yeah, yeah. So you're right. It's going to be big. It's going to be big. And John, just another plug. We're actually doing a multi-cloud crowd chat tomorrow at 9 a.m. Pacific. So anybody that wants to participate in a crowd chat about multi-cloud, 9 a.m. Pacific tomorrow. Good plug. Check it out, Pacific, crowdchat.net, check it out to be right there on the front page. You should get on that, Jim. But I want to ask you to go to the next level. Multi-cloud, let's peel the onion a bit a little bit. Does that mean I can run workloads on any cloud or do I put a workload on one cloud and I put another workload on another cloud? Or can this workload, if capacity's bad, move over to another cloud? This just smells like a latency problem to me. This seems like un-gettable at this point. What's your definition of that multi-cloud? What is multi-cloud? Yeah, so what's happening in the developer space, of course, with the big adoption of containers and the push towards containerizing applications, now we have that ability to rapidly spin up services as needed on different cloud platforms. And really, a cloud becomes a place where you can have a container host and an endpoint for deployment. So you combine that with management services, application management services like Nirmata, and now you do have that choice of being able to set policies either based on demand and scale or usage, or based on recovery from faults in the infrastructure to span different clouds for the same workload. Okay, next question for you. It's great to have you on. Great subject matter expert here. Thanks for answering the questions, but this one is a little bit different. If I want to secure a cloud with the Amazon, I put my stuff there, you seem mostly test-deaf, and then Oracle CEO talks with us all the time. It's pretty much all test-deaf. Okay, that ship has sailed, pretty much no brainer. What percentage of the workloads now or what workloads specifically are going beyond test-and-deaf that you're seeing that are going into production? Because now with hybrid, it opens up more range of apps beyond test-and-deaf. So certainly test-deaf is happening. We get that, low hanging fruit. What's the next level? Yeah, so I think the one way to categorize it is systems of engagement and systems of record, of course. So we're seeing anything public facing, whether it's mobile, web app properties, web applications, more and more microservices-style SOA applications, those are the next wave that's going to cloud. Data residents tend to stay with private cloud for a longer term, but even that, over time, we're seeing with VPCs, with the right security constructs, being a viable, public cloud being a viable option there. One of the top questions we have in our CrowdChat community that comes up all the time around, Dev Ops, I'm going to give you thoughts on this. What advice would you give to operations practitioners who are afraid Dev Ops is going to automate away their jobs? Yeah, so yeah, great, great question. And that's very far away from the reality, right? So there's, what's happening with Dev Ops is now we're getting to a better definition of what Devs need to be concerned about and what Ops needs to be concerned about, right? And again, pointing to containers as one of the enablers, microservices as another, we're seeing where application developers want to operate their own applications. They want control of their destiny, but the furthest thing from their minds is to worry about IP addressing and security concerns and things like that. So there is, you know, and it's interesting because enterprise Dev Ops is very different than what you would find in a startup or in a cloud or internet giant, right? And there is no mythical enterprise developer who can do all of this themselves. You need a Dev and you need an Ops, and that's not changing. The mythical man month kind of goes out the window. We had CMO, EVP, earlier on. We had, it was, you know, Matt Howard, and he's an experienced guy, but he was saying, you know, 100 developers have 10 IT supports and one security person, he sees that completely flipping around. So if you take this whole notion of the jobs are going to go away, which I think is BS, certainly things have to be automated. Speaking learning is great for that, but you can see the shift happening certainly in more security guys, more operational IT guys not doing escalation, doing actual real IT. So I think there's going to be a shift of jobs. So you might be displaced functionally.  I get that. We're the hot jobs. So if that's the case, if you believe which I think you do, where are they going to shift to? What's the job profile look like? Yes, much like we're seeing even in software development itself, right? The level of abstraction and the amount of knowledge that has to be absorbed keeps increasing. So it's more similarly in operations, what we're seeing, like you mentioned, rather than doing something at a low level, now it's understanding what are the best policies for let's take security as an example in AWS, in Azure, in private cloud. How do you now make sure you have the right visibility and governance with things like containers, microservices where the applications are so dynamic across various environments? So it is a transformation in the type of role and skill set, and I think it's for the better because now you really have time to step back and look at this holistically and contribute back to the business. Here's a philosophical question for you. And maybe Peter, you could weigh into, what single misperception about DevOps would you like to see change out there? As people try to grok DevOps, we hear it's a movement, we hear it's a playbook it's this, it's an agile manifesto, grow organically, conways law, and all kinds of stuff we've been talking about. So bottom line, what is the most misunderstood or misperceived issue about DevOps? Now you'd like to see changed. Yeah, so to us, the one issue that we always emphasize is there will be a dev and there will be an ops, and any product that tries to minimize one role or another is not a good fit for enterprises. So what's needed is a transformation of that ops role to the role from just being the direct service provider the hands-on ops person to more of a governance curation in some ways an architect type of role, right? And that's what we're seeing is that ops role is not diminished, it's actually heightened and highlighted. Great point. I would, we've already talked about it in many respects the idea that we're going to go from application development to pushing a button and having it, having the business suddenly run differently is just silly. At the end of the day. You think people think that that's what DevOps is? There's a magical, rub the bottom, the genie pops out. I think there's a lot of people that think that DevOps is a step on the path to know ops, to having no people involved in operations at all. And that's just not going to happen. Do you believe that ops is still going to be relevant? I think ops is always going to be relevant. I think that dev is going to evolve to better understand and have greater data invisibility in what's going on in ops. Ops is going to have greater predictability in what's going to happen from a development standpoint. So I think we will see a combination of roles. We'll see the productivity of ops continue to grow. But the idea that this is going to be, there's magic in here and Gandalf is going to wave his dev ops. What would Trump say about dev ops? I don't work great at it. Trump would say, Trump would say, I've never been to Mexico. I'm going to make it amazing. We're going to build a wall on IT. I had to bring that in. Sorry, I know you were laughing about Trump earlier with the whole thing going on. Okay, good point. Some are saying in the community, not no ops, but new ops. It's a new kind of ops. Yeah, the way we see it is what we think of as dev ops is splitting more into functions like application operations, security operations and infrastructure. So really all three need to be accommodated and they need to work together. And that's sort of how we have built up Nirmata as our product. There's ops for all three of them. In fact, the last conversation we had, John, was going to test you on this, is that the inherent quality, the inherent distributed quality of a lot of the new applications that we're building absolutely dictates that we start to parse ops up differently. That it's no longer running it on a single machine or on a single database with a network out in a client server domain. It is just inherently distributed and therefore the tasks and the responsibilities and roles associated with the operations side of that are themselves going to be inherently distributed, which requires new ways of thinking, new conventions and new tools. Jay, I want to give you a final word. Give a plug about your company. Thanks for sharing your insight. By the way, I appreciate you answering the questions. What are you guys doing? What's up with the company?  Yeah, so myself, my other co-founders, our background is enterprise software and we come from a network management background where we build centralized management systems for complex networks, distributed devices, et cetera. What we saw happening is with cloud applications are starting to mimic that complexity, right? And as applications move from back office productivity functions to these hyper distributed mission critical real life functions that we use day to day, there's a need for this enterprise grade management. So that's the type of centralized management we're delivering as a service to our customers. You have to become network-ified so you have to have app management. I mean, that's pretty much what you're doing. You're bringing network management paradigm to apps. Exactly. Versus a monolithic app and some dashboard. Now it's all over the place. Multiple form factors, access methods. Right. It's a network in the app. It is. Yeah, and today the customers are left to cobble together about 12 to 14 different tools, correlate data across tools. And what we need to do is move beyond systems with just observe and report to being able to observe, react and learn and do things in real time. Exactly. So you guys are simplifying that process. Absolutely. And is it a single pane of glass? Is it a service? Is it a software product? It is a cloud service. So you can think of us as an overlay across any public or private cloud. And early on we kind of decided the best way to deliver infrastructure is as a service and we've learned that in real life. People who are doing that are winning. Absolutely. So Trump would say, winning. Yeah, yeah, yeah. He would say, I'm going to drain the data lake swamp. Who knows what he'd say. Well, I could say I couldn't get that in there. So we're built. Drain the swamp. You didn't get the data lake swamp. No, I got it. I didn't. You just didn't laugh. Okay, go ahead. So we're going to monitor completely as a cloud service because of that philosophy that we started with. And we want to give developers and DevOps teams the choice of any platform, right? And today it's all about cloud. I mean, the edge is also very real. We have industrial IoT customers. We're looking at containers. Yeah, so your world's getting, your TAM, your total, just what market's getting bigger and bigger. Absolutely. Every IoT device has data on it. Because data is an asset. It's part of the app. I mean. I want to bring that up. Just if we have just a second. Yeah, go ahead. Yeah. I'm curious, because one of the things that we believe is that increasingly the whole concept of digital business is how will data feature as an asset in your business? Especially for creating sustaining customers. Totally by end of the idea of the external view versus the internal view. For customers versus for employees. That for customer side, the engagement side is really driving a lot of this. But at some point in time, it makes me wonder if we're going to move from a DevOps orientation to a data ops orientation. Where at the end of the day, the physics of how things run is where is the data? What's the latency to get at it? How do you handle the state of it, et cetera? Do you foresee at least or an extension of the DevOps concept? So the data as an object is something that we act upon and we understand what role it plays in this whole bringing together a lot of piece parts to create distributed digital systems? I think so and the starting point of that that we're seeing is the split between data services and behavioral services. Look, I mean, in any form of programming, it's all about packaging behaviors and data, right? So whether it's in a programming language and with object oriented, it was about putting things together in object. Now with service oriented and microservices, it's these service boundaries. So having the data services and then having the behavioral services separated gives a lot of flexibility. And then being able to move the compute to the data versus the other way around, that is also very interesting. So we're working with some partners where we're looking at cross-cloud data. Can we, as even services and containers are spun up on one cloud, can we clone an entire environment into another cloud? Can we migrate some of the data efficiently? Challenges like that. Well, Jim, we're going to recruit you. I just made a note to ping you for tomorrow's crowd chat to see if you could make it, or one of your co-founders. I'd love to get your input at the community as part of sharing insight into this really fast growing, changing world of management with all this complexity.  They're all different types, a lot of complexity.  Okay, this is theCUBE's exclusive coverage. Cisco's inaugural event, DevNet Create. I'm John Furrier. Peter Burris, stay with us for more coverage after this short break. Hi, I'm April Mitchell, and I'm the Senior Director of Strategy and Planning for Cisco.