Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy. The list of topics chosen for today's discussion along with the page numbers is given here for your reference. Here is the first news article. This article talks about the commitment of India and the US in scaling up its troop contribution for United Nations peacekeeping missions. So in this context, let us have a brief understanding on UN peacekeeping missions and some other important statistics which are relevant. The syllabus is given here for your reference. See, firstly know that UN peacekeeping helps countries navigate the difficult path from conflict to peace. It means whenever there is a conflict, the UN peacekeeping missions help the countries to resolve the conflict and to maintain the peace. So compared to individual countries, the UN has several unique strengths like legitimacy, burden sharing and ability to deploy troops and police from around the world. So in a peacekeeping mission, the UN integrates this force with civilian peacekeepers to address a range of mandates set by UNSC and General Assembly. See, apart from as a tool for maintaining international peace and security, the UN peacekeeping operations has three basic principles. They are interrelated and mutually reinforcing. See, first one, consent of the parties. So it means peacekeeping operations are deployed with the consent of main parties in the conflict. And second comes impartiality. Here impartiality means not supporting only one party. So impartiality is crucial to maintaining the consent as well as cooperation of the main parties. And third comes non-use of force except in self-defense and defense of the mandate. So generally the peacekeeping missions do not engage in conflicts. They only try to maintain the peace by acting as a barrier between two conflicting parties. So they are not an enforcement tool. However, in some circumstances like self-defense or to protect the defense of the mandate, the force may be used at the tactical level with the authorization of only Security Council. So what are the different steps involved in a peacekeeping mission? See, when a conflict develops or worsens, UN begins consultations with relevant UN actors, parties on ground, members contributing to peacekeeping, regional organizations, etc. And then the UN secretariat usually deploys a technical assessment mission to the country to assess the vorage situation. So based on the findings of this assessment mission, the UN secretary general will submit a report to UN Security Council. And so if UNSC determines that deploying a UN peace mission is most appropriate step, it will then formally authorize this by adopting a resolution. So this resolution of UNSC contains the operations mandate, the size, the details of the task to be performed, etc. And the budget and the resources are then subject to UN General Assembly approval. So here it is very important to know that UN has no standing army or police force of its own. So member states are asked to contribute both military and police personnel required for each operation. And here peacekeepers wear their own country's uniform, but identified as peacekeepers only by a UN blue helmet as you can see here. And coming to civilian staff of peace operations, there are international civil servants recruited and deployed by UN secretariat. And know that out of entire peacekeepers, in 2019 the women contribution is around 4.7% of military contingents and 10.8% of police units. So this is just to say that how women are also a part of peacekeeping operations. And as you can see here, the top contributors of peacekeeping missions are Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Nepal, India, Pakistan. So it might be a surprising as most of these countries are either developing or underdeveloped countries. So some of the ongoing missions are Western Sahara, Central African Republic, Lebanon, Middle East, India and Pakistan. That is Jammu Kashmir, there are peacekeeping operations. But how are these missions funded? See according to UN Charter, every member state is legally obligated to pay their respective share towards peacekeeping. So the top contributors to peacekeeping operations are US, China, Japan, Germany and UK. Here it is very important to know that India's contribution is just 0.16% of entire peacekeeping budget. Though India is fifth most contributor in terms of troops. It means we are giving personal for peacekeeping operations but the money we are giving to peacekeeping missions is very less. That is just 0.16%. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we try to understand what is peacekeeping mission in UN and who are the biggest contributors in terms of troops and in terms of funds. So let us move on to next news article discussion. This news article is with reference to Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership. The news is that the RCEP has come into force from a study without India as a partner. In this analysis we will see the background and India's decision related to agreement and the consequences of not joining the RCEP. The relevant syllabus is given here for your reference. See the idea of having an RCEP agreement was first promoted by ASEAN that is Association of Southeast Asian Nations in 2012. And this agreement was proposed among 10 ASEAN countries and 6 free trade partners of ASEAN. So 10 plus 6 total of 16 countries. The 6 free trade agreement partners of ASEAN are India, China, Japan, South Korea, Australia and New Zealand. So it means that ASEAN is already having free trade agreements with 6 of these countries. Now ASEAN proposed a free trade area among all these 16 countries which is called RCEP. So these negotiations were started in 2012 in Cambodia at 21st ASEAN Summit and the negotiations were continued for almost 8 years since 2012. So these ASEAN countries have made this RCEP deal a key priority and they have been working for that very seriously in the last few years. So the ASEAN countries wanted this deal to be finalized and to be enforced at least from this year that is 2020. When talking about India, India was an active participant in the negotiations in this RCEP agreement until 2019. But last year in November Prime Minister Modi has conveyed that India won't join RCEP in its present form. However the remaining 15 countries have moved forward and finalized the deal and as we said before the agreement came into existence yesterday. There are two mysteries surrounding the origin of COVID-19 and due to failure of China in containing the spread there was an international perception that after COVID-19 China will be isolated in the international and regional arenas. However today's news counters that opinion as RCEP which is the world's largest trade block came into existence yesterday. Even surprisingly two coordination Japan and Australia and even the close partner of US that is South Korea is also part of RCEP where China is a major player. So the question is why India did not join RCEP? The primary reason is if India joins in the current format it will destabilize India's local economy and ruin India's manufacturing industry. And not just that even the farmers will be the most suffered community if India is a part of this partnership. And the present format of RCEP is highly beneficial and tilted in favor of China. Not just India even the former Prime Minister of Australia has said that India's concerns regarding RCEP are genuine and this RCEP appears as a trade arm of China's Belt and Road Initiative. So various concerns of India in this regard have been covered in detail in our 5th November 2020 Hindu news analysis. So watch that video to know more about the concerns of India with respect to joining of RCEP. So we would like to remind you a few concerns like widening trade deficit. See India is already having trade deficit with countries like Korea, Japan and after India signed FTA with these countries the trade deficit has increased a lot. And even regarding the base year of tariffs India wanted 2019 as base year for reduction of tariffs while the other countries are pushing for 2013 as base year. And even regarding to services the ASEAN nations are not much cooperating with India to open their services industry. It means they are keeping some objections or restrictions with respect to opening of service sector to India. And that is the main important concern which is rules of origin. See India wants stricter rules of origin mainly to prevent the dumping of goods from China through other countries. See rules of origin means if India is importing goods from a free trade partner like Japan that goods should be primarily made in that country. See India and South East Asian countries are in free trade agreement. So it means if India is importing goods from South East Asian countries the tariffs or import duties will be very minimum or non existent. So what China can do is China can send it goods to India through South East Asian countries to avoid paying of tariffs to India. But if India puts stricter rule of origin with respect to South East Asian countries which means say at least 50% of the product which you are importing should be made or developed in the South East Asian countries. So if a imported product is manufactured in China and send to India through South East Asian countries because of this rule of origin concept China's product will be imposed tariffs. So India is pushing for stricter rules of origin. This was not accepted in RCEP negotiations. So because of these reasons India has left the RCEP negotiations in the last year. So this is the brief background about RCEP. And today let us focus on the consequences or implications of not joining RCEP. First one is staying out of RCEP may interfere with India's bilateral trading with RCEP member countries. Suppose South East Asian countries are importing goods from India. Now that South East Asian countries have formed a regional trade bloc that is RCEP other countries may provide better alternatives or cheap alternatives to Indian products. So bilateral trade may get affected. And in terms of trade almost all the priorities of RCEP countries will be within RCEP and not outside of that. So for example if Japan wants to import some goods from outside it prefer importing from a RCEP country than from non RCEP country like India. So this may affect India's trade relationships and associated benefits in the Asia Pacific region. And by signing RCEP India had the possibility to become a base for more foreign firms with Indian employees. Such arrangement had the potential to increase exports providing more employment giving more chance to make in India initiative. But now India has missed this opportunity by staying out of RCEP. Next if India had joined RCEP some exports say that India could have been effective counterbalance to China. While joining could have added our importance in the Asian political picture. It is to be noted that only if the deal benefits India India could play a counterbalance to China. But we should know that India has more challenges than opportunities in terms of joining RCEP and for that reason India has stayed out. So we have to wait and see how RCEP develops in the coming days. And as far as predictions by some experts some of the countries could be dominated by China and such countries could come out of this trade partnership. This is because earlier many countries thought they will have India as a huge market which will not be the case as India is out of RCEP now. And not just that. We also know that Japan and Australia are not having good relations with China and they have partnered with India and US in form of Quad, Malabar exercise etc. So we have to see how the trade relations are going to be between these countries and China. Or if RCEP works well and if India is accorded with specific safeguards which India request India may join RCEP in the future. And the RCEP signatory states that are 15 countries said that they will commence negotiations with India at any time once India submits a request of its intention to join RCEP. So this is all about the discussion of this news article and we are expecting more editorials and op-eds on this topic in the coming days. So have a brief idea of what is RCEP and why India did not join and what are the implications. Let us move on to next news article discussion. This news article is with reference to a report released by Registrar General of India titled vital statistics of India based on civil registration system of 2018. This report provides an overview of working of civil registration system in the country which means it contains the data of registered births, deaths, infant deaths and even stillbirths. And importantly for today's discussion the report presents data compilation of sex ratio at birth based on registration records. So today we are going to discuss the sex ratio at birth status in the country and who are the best performers and the worst performers. So what do we mean by sex ratio at birth? It refers to number of female children born per 1000 male children. As per this report sex ratio of registered birth is equal to ratio of number of female births during a year to the male births during that year multiplied by 1000. In this regard the most recent data is available for the year 2018. So according to the report highest sex ratio at birth based on registered events for 2018 has been reported by Arunachal Pradesh with over 1084 females born per 1000 males. This is followed by Nagaland, Mizoram and Kerala etc.  And if you see this chart we could say that sex ratio at birth in our country among the states vary from as low as 757 to as high as 1084. So there are many reasons for such dismal performance of few states. For example in states like Punjab male children is most preferred.  So area specific interventions are required to correct this anomaly which is favoring the males as of now. While this is the case for the year 2018 we would like to provide you the scenario among the states and UTs from 2007 to 2016 to capture the trends and to appreciate the efforts taken by some of the states. So just observe here from 2007 to 2017 the sex ratio at birth at national level was at 903 in 2007 but significantly declined to 877 in 2016. And for 2018 taking average is difficult as few states like Bihar, Jharkhand, Maharashtra, West Bengal did not provide the required data. So find the performance of your state in the table given here and also try to find out the reasons why your state is performing well or why your state is performing bad. So the decline in sex ratio at birth between 2007 and 2016 raises serious questions related to female feticide, sex selective abortion and even up to some extent having a single child. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we have talked about what is sex ratio at birth and performance of different states in the country and the trends of sex ratio at birth in the last 15 years. So these statistical values can be used in the main examination. So with this let us move on to next news article discussion. Let us now take this news article which says that the claims of over 1200 tribals in Mysore under scheduled tribes and other forest dwellers act of 2006 were rejected by local authorities. This act is also famously called as forest rights act of 2006. So in this context let us have a brief understanding of forest rights act and what are the issues pertaining with this act. See we know that many scheduled tribe people live and today live in the forest and if you see a few generations back mainly before arrival of British many of the tribes were living in the forest. But after British came into power in the country many acts were brought in to curb the rights of forest dwellers. So this is mainly to produce timber for government purpose and also to protect the forest from being exploited. This even continued even after the independence of country. After that we have seen many acts like environment protection act, wildlife protection act. So these acts even prohibited or curtailed the rights of forest dwellers. So it shows that for generations that forest dwellers have been met with injustice in the name of protecting environment and the forest. So to reverse this injustice government has brought in scheduled tribes and other forest dwellers recognition of forest act of 2006. As said before this is also called as forest rights act of 2006. So this act was enacted to recognize and to give the forest rights and occupation in forest land to the forest dwelling scheduled tribes and traditional forest dwellers. This act also gives the responsibility and authority for sustainable use, conservation of biodiversity and even maintenance of ecological balance to forest dwellers. So primarily this act gives ownership of land to the forest tribals to a maximum of 4 hectares and very importantly know that the ownership is only for the land that is actually being cultivated and no new ownership or no new lands will be given. And coming to rights the forest dwellers can extract minor forest produce like bamboo, waxes, resin and cutting of timber is not allowed. When we say minor forest produce it is mostly forest produced without timber. So this act also provides for a framework for recording the forest rights vested and the nature of evidence required for such recognition and wasting in the respect of forest land. But what happened was in 2019 the Supreme Court ordered to evict those people who were claiming as forest dwellers if their claims were rejected under this act. The Supreme Court even asked the states to ensure their eviction in few months of time. So this eviction ordered by Supreme Court resulted in nationwide uproar as one time estimate tells that around 12 lakhs claims have been rejected until then. So civil society organizations also claimed that many of those rejected people were indeed traditional forest dwellers but unfortunately they are not in a position to prove. So central government has asked the Supreme Court to modify its order and the Supreme Court had stated its previous order asking for eviction. And coming to the process of framework regarding the forest rights the act says that Gram Sabha is the authority responsible to receive claims and to determine the nature and extent of an individual or community's claim. Here note that Gram Sabha means not Gram Panchayat here Gram Sabha relates to all the people living in that Gram Panchayat. So here a resolution will be passed by the Gram Sabha on a claim made by the forest dweller and the resolution of this Gram Sabha will be scrutinized at two levels. One is subdivitional level and later at district level and any person left out with a resolution given by Gram Sabha can appeal to subdivitional level or district level. So in this context the decision of district level committee on the resolution of Gram Sabha is final and binding. So this very hard legal procedure requires legal awareness and legal literacy and obviously most of the forest dwellers do not have this legal knowledge. And another issue is that under this FRA 2006 any member to claim the forest right has to prove that they are primarily residing in that area for at least three generations or 75 years. So if a tribal family has to claim a land under FRA 2006 they have to prove evidence for their residence for last three generations or 75 years. So this makes very difficult for even a real forest dweller to prove this residence criteria due to lack of documents, education or legal literacy. So even if their rights are violated they don't know who to approach or how to approach. So because of this reason as many as 12 lakh claims were rejected by the concerned authorities up to 2019. And not just that the apathy of government servants or less political interest of politicians when it comes to the World Bank of tribes have made the claim of forest dwellers even more difficult. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we have talked about the forest rights act and how the tribals met with injustice for centuries. And even though government has brought in an act to recognize the rights of people the difficult legal procedure and the requirement of 75 years or three generations evidence to prove the claim is still making the rights of forest dwellers violated and unattended. Let us move on to next news article discussion. This article is about the Code on Social Security 2020. See we know that the Ministry of Labor and Employment had introduced four labor courts to simplify and rationalize the central labor laws. And in the recent months we have discussed these four labor courts multiple times which are code on wages, code on social security, code on occupational safety, health and working conditions and code on industrial relations. And coming to social security code its main objective is to amend and consolidate the laws relating to social security and to extend the security to all employees and workers either in organized or even in unorganized sectors. So in order to simplify existing legislations this code has subsumed existing acts like employees compensation act, employee state insurance act, maternity benefit act, unorganized workers, social security act etc. And coming to today's news article it says that Union Labor Ministry has notified the draft rules under the Code on Social Security. This code is going to benefit previously neglected sections like unorganized workers, gig workers, platform workers, building and other construction workers. See we have elaborately explained the gig work and platform work and the impact of this code on gig workers in our second November Hindu news analysis that is two weeks back. That day we have clearly explained what is gig work, what is platform work and why social security for those workers is very important. So why is this code so important is the social security is essential for every human being. See it indicates the measures of protection to ensure access to health care and to provide income security. This is particularly very important in cases of old age, unemployment, sickness, injury caused during work, maternity or loss of bread window. See we had something called provident fund as well as employee state insurance wherein employees and the employer will contribute some money which will benefit the employees at the end of their work or whenever required. And even some companies provide health benefits to their employees as well. So these are called social security benefits. So in this context let us discuss an important provision of the code regarding building and other construction workers. So this code says that a says shall be levied and collected for social security and welfare of building workers. So this says will be around one to two percent of entire construction cost incurred by an employer. The proceeds from this says collected shall be deposited by the local authority or such authority to the building workers welfare fund. And if any employer fails to pay any amount of says payable such employer shall be liable to pay interest at the rate prescribed by the central government. So this is all about the discussion of this news article wherein we have talked about draft rules of code on social security. So once this draft is finalized government will release the rules. So then we may have more news articles we will discuss the other important provisions in the coming days. Let us move on to practice questions discussion session. Consider the following statements. Three statements are given here. Statement one that UN General Assembly is empowered to deploy a UN peace operation in a country by formally adopting a resolution to that effect. This statement is incorrect because it is not General Assembly. It is Security Council which is empowered to deploy a UN peace operation. So as statement one is incorrect you can eliminate options A and C. Coming to statement two one of the core principles of UN peacekeeping operations is non use of force except in self defense and defense of the mandate. Yes the statement is correct. The other two core principles are consent of the parties and impartiality. And coming to statement three at present India is the largest force contributor to UN peacekeeping operations. This statement is incorrect because India comes at fifth position after Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Rwanda and Nepal in contributing to UN peacekeeping operations. So correct answer is option B two only. Next question which of the following are ASEAN member nations. So six countries are given here. We should identify which of the given countries belong to ASEAN group. The given countries are Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh. See we all know that Sri Lanka and Bangladesh are part of South Asian group and not South East Asian group. So if you remove five and six you can arrive at the answer that is option D one, two, three and four. The other six countries are Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Correct answer option D. With reference to schedule tribes and other forest dwellers act of 2006. Consider the following statements. Statement one. Gram Sabha is the authority responsible to determine the extent of an individual's claim on forest rights. Yes the statement one is correct. Statement two. The decision of Gram Sabha on the record of forest rights shall be final and binding. The statement is incorrect because the decision of district level committee on record of rights is final and binding. We also said that after Gram Sabha gives its recommendations it will be scrutinized by subdivision level as well as district level. If any person's claim is rejected by Gram Sabha they can appeal to either subdivision level or district level. So statement two is incorrect. We are supposed to identify correct statements. So correct answer is option A one only. Consider the following statements. Two statements are given here and we should identify correct statements. Statement one. Sex ratio at birth at the national level has consistently improved in India in the last 10 years. The statement one is incorrect because sex ratio at birth has not been consistent in the last 10 years. We have seen that in the year 2016 the sex ratio dipped to 877. Statement two. Sex ratio at birth do not vary significantly among the northeastern states of India. This statement is also incorrect because we have seen that Arunachal Pradesh with sex ratio of 1084 is at the top of table while Manipur which is also other northeastern state with sex ratio of 757 is in the low performing states. So sex ratio even in northeastern states vary significantly. So correct answer is option D neither one nor two. Let us take up main questions now. India's decision of not to join the RCEP partnership is a life saver for India's manufacturing and agricultural sectors. Analyze. So in this question we have to analyze how India's decision of not joining RCEP will benefit India's manufacturing and agricultural sectors. You can take various examples or the shortcomings of RCEP agreement with respect to India. And in the conclusion end the question with a proper or relevant discussion like how this decision of India will benefit manufacturing sector, agri sector and also some shortcomings of India not joining RCEP. Let us take up one more main question based on sex ratio. Discuss the reasons for the skewed sex ratio in India. Suggest the measures to improve the sex ratio at birth. So in the first part of the question we have to write what are the reasons for biased sex ratio in the country. So for example we can write reasons like gender bias and female feticide and also the son preference. There is also a concept called meta son preference. Try to know about it and include in the answer. So these can be few examples and come into measures to improve sex ratio. So a behavioral change is required and stricter regulations with respect to female feticide and with respect to pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostics. And we can also talk about different government schemes like beti bachao, beti padao, sukhane samriti yojana, balika samriti yojana. You can include these examples and end with a proper conclusion. With this we conclude today's news analysis. If you find this session resourceful click on the like button, show your appreciation in the comment section and don't forget to subscribe to our YouTube channel.


Picking the right camera for your project can be tedious and important. As each digital camera, also known as an image, can be viewed as a modern day film stock. Most cameras do have certain inherent properties that interpret and manipulate data. Using the captured data, applying proprietary color science, debayer and compression technologies, we would break down factors to consider when choosing the right camera from your film project and give you insider tips on how to make the most of your equipment. Welcome to Pi Image, where we help filmmakers like you take your craft to the next level. In this video, we're going to be talking about one of the most overlooked technical decisions in your film making journey process. Choosing the right camera for your film project. First we'll look at resolution. If you're applying on showing your film in theaters, you'll likely need a camera with a resolution such as 4K and if you're applying on releasing your film online or on DVD, 1080 resolution will be sufficient. But if you're delivering to streaming giants such as likes of Netflix, Amazon, you may be required to deliver according to their format and according to their specifications. And that may just extend beyond the scope of just resolution. But with the modern day display market actually becoming more advanced and we are beginning to see 4K making their way into the living rooms of consumers, which you can now have more bigger displays from 55 inch to 65 inch and those may impact the viewing experience of how you put your content online, which may ultimately invalidate the need for shooting at 1080p. That's not to discourage that saying shooting at 1080p should it be that your camera that you can afford within all the parameters we discussed can primarily shoot at that resolution. That's not to describe the camera because most of these display technologies have several upscaling technologies that have been built into them that allows them upscale most 1080p contents to the 4K resolution that TV can display and most of the viewing audience would never notice, which is why most people can watch old TV series or old movies that they love on their new TVs and also appreciate the artistic intent of the creator, despite being in a new form. Another factor to consider is the frame rate. If you're planning on filming in slow motion or your camera needs to be shot at a higher frame rate, such as 120fps, those are things you would have to take into account and see if the chosen body you're actually choosing for your project can actually deliver. Sometimes they could be used for special effects if you look at reference from one camera and why they have the slowest shutter speed or that was used in 7p. They could also be used for artistic interpretations. These are technical checks you would have to verify with your rental house about the cameras you're doing or do your own proper research and see if those are available in the sensors. Setting film projects has been shot in interesting frame rates that varies from the 24fps which, like the Hobbits are shot as 48fps and several other films that have been delivered are up to 120fps. Those were designed for the artistic interpretation and should that be your own part, you would also have to put all of this into consideration. One of the major things to also look at next is actually the sensor size. As the larger sensor size can capture more light and also produce better image quality. But beyond the scope of capturing light and better image quality, sensor size also affects the field of view from the lens you use. As shooting on a large format using your 50mm will be different from shooting on a super 35mm sensor using that same 50mm. As if you shoot on a super sustained sensor, a 50mm will look a lot more telephoto than when you're using a large format sensor which your 50mm may actually become the focal lens equivalent of a 35mm or 36mm. The artistic influence or bias this choice actually brings into your footage because sometimes it gives those who shoot at a large format edge in terms of if they want to use telephoto lens especially maintain a wider field of view, they get less distortion along the lines of their image which could be pleasing to what they are trying to deliver or they could actually go the super 35mm route and maintain those characteristics of distortion and other characteristics that are native to that sensor. Additionally, the dynamic range of the camera which is the range of the light to dark tones that a camera can capture is also important to consider. As a camera with high dynamic range can capture more details in bright and dark areas of a scene. And why that's important is because the larger the sensor, the more photocytes can be packed into that sensor the more light it can absorb which could also lead to setting qualities of the camera being improved that makes the camera become good in low light scenes whereby there's less to no light or shooting natural scenes with those kind of cameras to be able to acquire more natural realistic looking scenes. Lenses are also important factors to consider because you have to make sure that the camera you choose is compatible with the type of lens you are planning on using as you cannot take a PL lens and actually put it on an LPL mount camera or because that will lead to very high incompatibility between the lens and the camera and you cannot also take a super 35 lens and put on a full frame camera because that will lead to situation whereby the sensor or the image capture vignette or better description it just leave black circles around your image. Another reason why you have to check the compatibility on your lenses because same way you can put a super 35 lens on your full frame camera you can put a super 16 lens on your super 35 camera. All these are compatible issues, compatibility issues you have to go through and resolve and see that they actually function and working perfectly. Apart from the fact that lenses magnify, focus and control light construction and characteristics goes a long way to introduce a subjective bias on the image being captured and the subjective bias is a key player in the creative and technical elements of visual storytelling. Now we get discussed about form and factor which is also a crucial thing to consider if you're planning on shooting in say tight spaces or you have a fast turnaround or you have a shoot on the go or they require like or you're shooting in places whereby you cannot have large camera formats and stuff or gimbals those things are actually very important to the filmmaker because choosing a camera with a smaller body would lend him as an advantage in those scenarios rather than finding a way to adapt a 70 pound or 35 pound camera to actually into the situations which is why there is a camera for every project. Why your studio main build could be the big Alexis or the big Canon series or the big black magics sometimes using other forms like the pockets of the C70s or other small cameras that have more flexibility and very agile or effective in various of those versatile scenarios could leave you using low cost and professional solutions to be able to adapt the cameras to function in scenarios properly. Building an A camera with your large C500 Mach 2 or your C300 Mach 3 and your big camera becomes a C70 that can go into your inexpensive running 3 as opposed to using a techno crane if you're using a very large camera let's say like large RELF or the large Canon C700 those cameras are designed for studio build and will require larger gimbal heads to be able to manipulate and actually work with them and if you're dealing with tight spaces it's very more effective to actually capture with smaller cameras because their builds end up becoming smaller and they allow you to become effective without becoming intrusive to the scenario that's also the point of usability where the camera becomes a third wheel in the room in cases like that you do have scenarios whereby because the camera is so large creates an overwhelming presence for the actors or for the persons in terms of documentary scenarios whereby there's supposed to bear witness to an event in those kind of scenarios you end up distracting or taking away from the event rather than being able to capture the beauty of the moment audio compatibility is also an important factor if you're planning on recording live audio make sure that the camera has built-in microphones or external audio outputs that you can actually pipe the signals into or send sync signals to which would be useful to the editor in post-production cost is also an important factor to consider because you have to make sure the camera fits into your budget and that you have enough money left over to invest in other equipments and also in post-production and it's just not about the camera because the camera is also an important part of the conversation you have to also put into factors the light that goes into the production the grips, post-production and every other element that will actually make the production come out good as the camera is just one piece of the entire puzzle Data acquisition and storage solution is one of the key overlooked information which is why you see people take a high-end camera that they're supposed to use in capturing the most beautiful raw codecs but now start compressing them to MP3 or MP4 just for the sake of saving space or not having the hard drive to be able to capture most of this data that the camera outputs so data acquisition and storage is also an important and key factor keeping in mind high-resolution cameras can generate large amount of data which can be expensive to store make sure that you have plans for storing and actually backing up this data so you don't end up making short-term decisions that could actually in long-term hurt the project Lastly, we get to look at the brand reputation of whatever camera brands you actually get to follow or discuss because it's actually important that you look at reviews from other filmmakers and actually see what works because certain cameras have developed notorious reputations of over-hitting on-set or reliability or performance or not being reliable and those are things you would have to watch for as Phil pointed in your production as such small overlooked decisions could actually cost you way more in terms of your production which may end up leading to more money being spent rather than if you have done your due diligence and you be able to capitalize and be able to have a smooth production Finally, compatibility with other equipment is also something to consider as a very important factor as you have to make sure that the camera is compatible with all third-party accessories that you have lined up for your production to have a very smooth process during your production As other equipment you have such as stabilizers, gimbals this will help save you money and help you work more efficiently by actually making sure all this are actually compatible These are all the factors that I believe if put into consideration in your pre-production process can help improve the quality of the production and also the quality of the creation process By going through all these factors you are able to secure yourself and making sure that you can cross all the T's and make sure that both the creative experience is left on the structure If you're in the legacy area please give us a call and schedule a meet Until the next time improvise, adapt and overcome


Hello everyone, welcome to the Sillian project updates or as you can tell there's a lot of puns going on here so it's the latest bars. We've got a cast of thousands or six at least, people, friends from across the community talking about the latest things that are happening in the project. So somewhere there's a clicker but I can't see it so I'm just... ah there it is, brilliant. All right, so I'm just going to start by giving a quick little overview of what Sillium is and welcome you all. I'm going to guess most of you have heard of Sillium. How many of you are using it as a Kubernetes CNI? Quite a lot of you, excellent. Do we have any people who have been trying the service mesh in Sillium? Yeah, I see a few hands, good. How about Hubble for observability? Who's using Hubble? Yeah, a few hands and Tetragon for security. Any users? Excellent, good. So yeah, all these amazing powerful tools that are being built by the Sillium community based on EBPF and I imagine a lot of you know the CNI pretty well. It's a very full featured CNI, it's very high performance. I am not going to have time to walk through all these features but I will mention NAC Gateway because I believe there's a talk about that tomorrow afternoon by Daniel Bourkeman so that will be one not to miss. Service Mesh, we've been talking about Service Mesh this week at Service MeshCon and continuing to support the sidecar model through SDA for people who want that but also the sidecar free model that I think a lot of people were really excited about when we first announced it. That's stable, we're very close to having Gateway API capability now as well as the Kubernetes ingress and there's progress being made on the next-gen authorisation and authentication. So lots of activity there. Hubble, we're going to hear from our friends at Grafana about some of the amazing things that are happening in the Hubble observability world and Tetragon which is runtime security, observability, detection of events and even prevention and enforcement by being able to kill malicious processes from within the kernel. Super powerful, super exciting. So that's a very quick run over what Cillium covers. We don't have enough room on a slide to put all of the users. It says everybody in this room put themselves into the users file on GitHub. If you haven't, if you're not already listed on the users file, talk to Bill. You'll meet Bill later. He will help you get that listing so you can show off how great and how cool you are as a member of the community. Also, as you're going to hear more about, Cillium is powering pretty much all the clouds out there these days. So wherever you're running Kubernetes, there's a pretty good chance even if you're not managing Cillium yourself, there's a pretty good chance that underlying it, underlying it, there is Cillium. So with that, let me introduce the first of our cloud provider speakers for today's talk. I would love to welcome Purvi Desai from Google. Thank you all, and thank you, Liz. By the way, I'm very, very honoured to be here talking about what we are doing with Cillium and the Dublin V2. And this is really a continuation of some of the conversation that we had in Valencia. Just a quick show of hand, how many of you were in Valencia? Great, all right, cool. So starting with what we're going to cover today. So very quickly, before I go into this topic, let me start off by introducing myself, Purvi Desai. I'm director of engineering in Google Cloud Networking. And I'm going to cover today the Cillium and the Dublin V2 in two parts. First is I'm going to cover what exactly is a state. And that will also give you guys an explanation on why am I here, why am I here talking to all of you. And second is also about what we are doing in Cillium and the Dublin V2 largely towards community updates, focused on modularisation, communities conformance and also the multi-network work. With that, let's start. I wonder, okay, good. So, all of you already know, but a quick recap. I mean, once the Google open source communities in 2014 and then it went into GA 2015 along with the Google communities engine. At that point, large part of it was IP tables faced as most of you are aware. But from very early on, we were seeing the powerful paradigm that of EBPF and Cillium of exposing the programmable hooks from the next kernel and having the powerful data plane. So, in 2019 when we exposed, when we started delivering Anthos, GA Anthos is our platform for running workloads in customer data centres or multi-cloud. We saw the needs of a lot of features, flexibility and observability, which is where we then brought in the EBPF based data plane. And for us, it was very easy to decide. At that time, Cillium was the vibrant community and a powerful stack. So, based on Cillium, we introduced data plane V2 as our data plane of choice in 2020. And it has been a great journey for us. We have been now running data plane V2 on GKE. And not only that, we have made it generally available for Anthos and our newer platforms of Google distributed cloud, GDCH and GDC hosted. As a matter of fact, it's now a default on autopilot, which is our flagship offering of GKE. And it is also going to be now, our fleet is rapidly migrating and we're also migrating them automatically to data plane V2. Since then, we have launched a lot of new features on top of this. And I'm actually going to cover some of the benefits that our users have seen as well as we have seen. So, first is the important thing that almost all of you know, but I really wanted to highlight that one of the superpower, but which is largely hidden, is the developer-first networking model of Kubernetes. So, data plane V2 is actually a Kubernetes compliant data plane stack, CNI. And we actually worked with Selium Community in the beginning and we continue to focus on making it conformant. The second important aspect is the consistency of features. In the consistent experience, we are able to deliver on GKE, Anthos and GDC, at the same time, without lowering the bar to the lowest common denominator. It would be on GCP, for example, we have container native VPC, container native load balancers, Kubernetes native integrations, or there are VPC flow logs, which are completely GKE native. So, we wanted to make sure that when we are delivering the consistent experience across all these platforms, we are not compromising on the feature function of the environment. That is the consistent experience. We have been able to do a lot of customization in Selium and based on EBPF, which we will talk about, but since we don't have enough time today, we have a lot of good line-up to cover, I'm going to skip this. And then in terms of feature velocity, we have been able to release lots of new features that our users wanted and we have also upstreamed it, some of them being egress, that gateway improvements in scalability or in IPv6 support and recently, as recently, STP support for telcos. And last but not the least, here what we have is now ease of operation. Basically, we are able to upgrade our fleet without needing to upgrade sidecars or without needing to upgrade the kernel. So, all of that was a good news, but then as I had covered in Valencia, we have also been hearing feedback very closely from our customers. And that is that they love this opinionated model of our data plane V2 because that is how they get the guarantees of SLOs, they get the guarantees of performance and the quality. But at the same time, they also want to see, they also want to use many of the open source tools like Hubble or Detragon. And that is where we have been working since that last six months on modularisation. So, we see the power of end, basically where we have a vibrant ecosystem of networking features that our users can build and bring. This is a journey that I'm going to cover very quickly in the next few minutes. However, before that, I want to now start off by saying that we are very proud with what has happened in the last couple of years with EBPF and Cilium-based data plane. We are also very proud and happy that Google Cloud was the first one to adopt Cilium as our data plane foundation. And we have been receiving a lot of great feedback from all our users. And this also is something that we have to work on, which is modularity. So now let me quickly go on to what we have done with modularity. So, in the last six months, there's a lot of work in Cilium community in priming the entire data plane stack to make sure that what all can be modularised and how. And on top of it, we also now have the requirements document out, where at least from our perspective, as in the community perspective, we can align on what problems to solve. And then we can go on to how to solve it. So, that has been the progress that has happened. Google has been always committed to Kubernetes and now we are also committed to Cilium. And we have been very deeply focused on making sure that our data plane we do is fully Kubernetes compliant. So, as a natural extension, we have been continuing to build a bridge between the two. In that effect, we have done some recent upstreaming to, for example, SCTP or a Cilium endpoint slice enhancements. But at the end of the day, more needs to be done on conformance. So, on the conformance, what you all will not see is there are a lot of small, small things that also needs to be addressed. For example, network policy should work with IPv6 and it may be minor things for older kernels or Istio has to work along with data plane V2. And we cannot tell our customers to upgrade to latest and greatest kernels. So, we have been working very, very diligently on ensuring that we are able to support different versions of kernel. And there is more work that needs to be done even to make network policy fully Kubernetes compliant. That is only because some new features are coming in the network policy area in Kubernetes. So, the north star here is that we have a tight-loop coordination between Cilium and Kubernetes so that our users have the predictability on what they can experience. And last but not the least, which is a multi-network update, we had promised in Valencia that we'll give you an idea on what we are doing with multi-network. So, for us, the main reason for driving multi-network effort is to ensure that it is, network is Kubernetes native in some ways in order to really give the complete power of such things like network policy or native load balancing services or even scheduling IPAM. So, there are considerable amount of benefits by making the Kubernetes API and machinery aware of network. And that is exactly where we are driving. I'm pleased to announce, or pleased to update you all, actually, that in this QCON itself, there were the meetings on this area in the Contributor Summit. And the SIG has finalized, or I would say narrowed down, the use cases and requirements that we can address or they would like to address as a part of the first cut. The working group has been set up for SIG multi-networking in CNC of SIG. And we also have been having a very active conversation with Cilium community to understand and co-design how this gap would look like, how it can be built in Cilium. As you can see, there's a lot of good work that is happening here. And there are a lot of folks here in this room itself who are working on multi-network. If you guys want to raise your hands. Good, Maciej Antonio. And also, do feel free to reach out to me later on if you have any questions on this topic. And this has been a great journey so far. And I'm actually pleased to see that we have now a new, another cloud partner in this. So, I'm going to hand off to Liz. There we go. Thank you very much to Pervie. Round of applause to Pervie. And let's also welcome to the stage Chandan Agawal from Microsoft and Azir. Thank you, Liz, and thank you Pervie. Well, I'm Chandan. I'm Group Engineering Manager in Microsoft. And I own the Azure Container Networking Space for AKS and serverless offering. I'm really excited to be part of the Cilium community updates. She had good things. If you want to get started, I want to know how many people are using Azure AKS. Good, good. That's good. I think the next thing you're seeing is going to be exciting. So, we just announced that next version of Azure CNI will be powered by Cilium. And, yeah. It's a big undertaking, Ashley. Azure CNI has been built around giving the containers and the cloud native first class in Azure Virtual Network, giving the scale and performance that are required. With this, we are taking one step further, bringing the gaps we have between the cloud networking and the containerized world we have in community space, bringing the best of both together. With Azure CNI powered with Cilium, we have a very tight integration with Azure Network Stack. So, you don't have to do any chaining for VNet IPs or OLA IPs. You don't have to worry about replacing your things. Out-of-the-box, CNI and Cilium works together. Gives the EVP a better plane for your network security. Out-of-the-box, network visibility you are used to getting. And, of course, the elastic scale which Virtual Network for Azure can provide you. This has been a phenomenal thing to give it to the community back and then contributing back to see how we can bring the power of EVPF and the data plane back to the cloud native workload in APS. A little bit brief on the architecture, Ashley. So, I mentioned a little bit around the investment we have been doing and making sure that Azure Network Stack can handle the scale and performance. And that's been a key thing before we can say, hey, how we make the cloud native as good as going in Azure versus any other world. And we recently did announcement, the overlay mode, which is a first-class stuff in Azure Virtual Network, where you don't have unique IP address spaces. You want to be using the overlay overlapping at a specific bit between different Kubernetes clusters without any penalty of doing a double-encap in your guest VMs or reading your CPUs and everything. The same thing we are... So, you can do both your pure VNet mode in which you can have containers or pods, get the unique IPs from your VPC and Virtual Networks, or you can choose the overlay mode without any paying any de-cap penalties. But with this, we are integrating very well with the Selium data plane. So, both VNet and overlay can work to use the Selium EPPF data plane, to do the network security observability with no-cube proxy IP table business inside the guest communities. And that's a very, very big powerful thing to do in Azure today. And this is how you can try today. You can use the rest AP highs with one single command saying, hey, I want to enable the Selium data plane. And all you see is behind the scene, the magic has been done. IPAM is coming from Azure. First-class citizen of the Virtual Network is providing the direct routing for your pods. And the Selium is running inside the guest to give you the best of your data plane. We can have it. This is what I have today. Please be to see me afterwards if you have questions or follow-up. Thank you so much. Thank you so much, Shannon. That's really great news. Next up, our friend Richie from Grafana Labs is going to talk about Grafana and Selium integrations. This is going to be really good. Thank you. So when we announced this, quite a few people contacted me and were a little bit surprised. I don't think it's too surprising. Of course, culturally those two companies are really closely aligned. You see this talking to the people who are working on the other side. That's why we have this strategic partnership. That's why we chose to make this strategic investment and collaborate even more closely. Both Isovalent and Grafana Labs are in the exceedingly lucky position to have people working there who can literally choose where they want to work, and they chose those companies. And there is a reason. I strongly believe, and I'm very opinionated, but yes, this is my opinion. So I strongly believe that we actually are thought leaders and shaping this market and this space. And I do believe that we are both going to be market leaders. So I really think this is an insanely powerful collaboration. There's two things I want to focus on right now if the clicker works. Well, it just doesn't matter. So 20 years ago at university, I was working with Bro and with Berkeley packet filter. BPF for short. Then you have arguably two waves of EBPF. And finally, finally, EBPF is really front and centre for a lot of people. It always had huge potential, but it took some time to get there. But that also tells you why initially we are focusing on networks. Of course that is where historically the most work has been done. The most bit and polish has been invested in this precise area. So you get insane depth into your networking step and you get really, really deep visibility which previously you simply could not be getting. So I think this is pretty much the most impactful place where this partnership can start and we can actually work together and really extract new meaning, new data which previously was locked away from you. The other thing which I want to focus on is distributed tracing. Again, I'm strongly opinionated. So I do believe that for really distributed tracing at cloud native scale, ideally with close and tight coupling to how Promethys and such operate, there's only really one thing and that's Temple. But there's one thing about distributed traces. You get to see this path through your stack and how your stuff performs. What you do not get is you don't get large-scale statistical analysis of your complete stack and that's why this coupling between Temple and EBPF makes so much sense in my opinion. Of course not only can I follow what the things actually do, at the same time I can see, okay, this and that HTTP call took this and that much time to return. So maybe I need to do something out of my load balances. Those types of investigations were exceedingly hard previously and they should become a lot easier by jumping from, okay, this is how a specific thing worked to this really large analysis of what the underlying network is doing. And we don't have to use IP tables anymore. That's it. Next up, I'm sure many of you already know, Bill Mulligan, who works with me, is at Isovalent, so take it away, Bill. Cool. Thanks, Liz. Yeah. So the psyllium community, I think since I've joined Isovalent, it's been amazing to see the growth in both the psyllium and EBPF communities and I'd like to highlight some of those things that have been popping up across the community. So first, if you weren't at EBPF Summit, there are a lot of great talks about people using psyllium in production, there is also SMP Global using psyllium, trip.com and Form 3. If you haven't seen that, check out those talks and learn about how they're using psyllium in production today. On top of that, we've also had a lot of great psyllium user stories from around the community, from people that are using psyllium layer 4 load balancer to massively reduce their CPU usage to running psyllium to manage IoT hardware devices, data dog engineering, securing and scaling 10 trillion data points a day and also doing it in using psyllium to secure multi-tenant environments. These are just a few of the use cases that have come out of the community and it's amazing to see what we're all accomplishing together. If you want to get started with psyllium and you haven't done it before, there's a lot of resources out there for you, check out psyllium.io slash getting started, check out the docs or check out the psyllium slack. If you don't know where to go, please feel free to reach out to me on the psyllium slack. I'm happy to engage and interact and point to you in the right direction wherever you need to go. If you are already in the psyllium community and you need some help, once again, check out the slack. There's a lot of channels focusing on specific features like service mesh or tetragon. If you're on GitHub, feel free to either look through the issues or also open a new issue. We like to hear feedback from the community. We only get better by hearing what is and isn't working in production in real use cases and we want to have your feedback as the community. If you need training support or other things like that, feel free to check out psyllium.io slash enterprise. If you've been using psyllium and you have a great idea about where we should go next, on the roadmap, what we should prioritize, please feel free to open a CFP on GitHub. We want to hear what you think the project should include next. If you're interested in where the project is heading, we also have a roadmap in our documentation. For code contributions, there's the developer documentation. Once again, engaging with people on Slack. GitHub, you can do good first issues if you don't know where to start by whatever area of the project you're interested in contributing to. If you want to meet people, meet the maintainers, feel free to join our weekly developer call which is on Wednesday. That's all on the code side, on the non-code side. I'd love to have your support helping promote psyllium. We do have a bi-weekly newsletter that we send out around the community. We also have a Twitter account. Feel free to follow it and send things to me that are interesting to the psyllium community. I'm happy to either tweet about it or retweet it. If you have a story about psyllium or you need help telling it, I'm also happy to help you with that. We do have a forum on our website. If you need help writing a CFP for CubeCon, DevOps Day or any other conference, I can help you do that. If you want to have a presentation and have somebody look through it or go over it, we can do that too. If you need a speaker, I can connect you with the right person. If you need swag for your event or you need some more stickers, either find me right after this or send a request to me. We're happy to publish any blog posts or user stories from the community where we can get a retweet or add anything to our newsletter. Please feel free to reach out and we're happy to help promote everything that's happening in a psyllium community. What you can do is to send yourself to the user stock. We need that to show that there's a broad adoption across the community and we always like to hear about who's actually using our projects. Contact me to do a user story. This is a great way for people to learn about how psyllium is actually being used in production. Last thing is we just launched our user survey for this year so if you are using psyllium, please fill out the user survey. With that, I'll hand it over to Thomas Thanks a lot, Bill. Hello, I'm Thomas. I'm one of the creators of psyllium and I want to briefly cover what is next, what is coming in psyllium. But first of all, today actually marks a major milestone as I've just heard from John Don. Azure with AKS has adopted psyllium. That actually means all three major cloud providers are now using psyllium under the hood in their managed Kubernetes platform. As one of the creators of psyllium it's actually a very big moment. That means that psyllium is widely adopted and they've made at least some right choices. I think that is actually a yes. Quick outlook into psyllium 113. What are the amazing features that are coming? 113 is roughly planned for the end of the year. I will go through some of them. Gateway API support is coming. Code is already there. It's passing a conformance test. It's in a pull request. I've linked it up there. We're only completing the documentation to make the cut line for 113. But there is actually more because many of you have told us we really want layer 7 load balancing but in the easiest way possible. So we actually implemented layer 7 load balancing using just Kubernetes services with annotations. So you can go in and annotate your existing Kubernetes services at this IO psyllium LD protocol GRPC label or annotation and while you get GRPC load balancing with EVPF and Envoy but there is more. You can do this not only within the cluster you can obviously also add the existing cluster mesh annotation and do GRPC load balancing across multiple clusters. Very easy. You don't need to learn anything. Your app teams can continue using pure Kubernetes services and simply use annotations and psyllium both EVPF will do the magic below deck. psyllium next-gen mutual TLS we have been listening to you strongly and the feedback we have gotten is you want mutual authentication with psyllium network policy but please for any network protocol not limited to TCP. So we are implementing and there is details in the blog post that I have linked there an MTLS model that is able to integrate with SPIFI serve manager, Kubernetes secrets and other identity management platforms perform a mutual authentication in user space but keep the data path on existing network encryption methods using IP second wire guard and thus support any network protocol. The way you will be able to use this and this is already available as a pull request it actually integrates into a psyllium network policy and you see what is highlighted there you can actually mark existing allowed connection and require authentication for them. So this will not only allow or need the firewall that psyllium firewall to allow the traffic it will also cause and require a mutual authentication between the endpoints. SPIFI integration is coming pull request is listed here this will give us first of all identities certificates for psyllium identities but it will also give us a way to actually use the SPIFI IDs when we select policy in what paths they should apply to and even more important where they should allow to or from. Typically you are using Kubernetes labels or namespace names or other metadata with SPIFI IDs you can tie this to cryptographically secured SPIFI IDs. Big TCP support for those of you running large networks or doing video streaming this extension labels psyllium to power single TCP connections up to 100 gigabit if your network if your physical network is fast enough to actually handle this but if you have it this is definitely important as well as a very fancy new with replacement for those who do not know with this is like an implementation detail down below below deck this is essentially worth the virtual ethernet in what all the CNIs are using to connect the container network namespace with the host this traditionally introduced overhead with this new with replacement we're essentially allowing this namespace boundary transfer but at the native host performance so your containers from a networking perspective will be as fast as if they were running on the host itself but with the network namespace isolation so we're very excited for this kernel feature that we will upstream in the next couple of months and add psyllium support for it and Grafana dashboards we've heard about the Grafana integration we've added a lot of additional Grafana dashboards for the day two operational aspects of psyllium all the psyllium internals I've listed a couple of their BPF map sizes amount of traffic errors and so on helping you run psyllium safely and monitor psyllium as you operated all of this amazing features made us come to the conclusion that now is the right time to apply for graduation we've been an incubation project for about a year I think it was about a year ago when we became an incubation project so we figured what is wouldn't it be amazing if we applied for graduation during a cube con session well let's do it let's hope that the wi-fi got to work with me yes and there we go it's pull request number nine five two if you want to help us out feel free to go to this pull request leave a thumbs up leave a heart if you are a psyllium user and you haven't added yourself to the user's file we would love to hear from you as bill mentioned add yourself to the user's file if you want to publish a user's story go ahead to it we would love to publish it and promote your use of psyllium as well and we have the latest version of the psyllium user survey out there we would love to learn how we're using psyllium what to see next what should go into 114 and beyond and if that thanks a lot everybody let's get a giant round of applause for all of our wonderful speakers today pervy, Richie, Chandan, Bill and Thomas and obviously I mean we're pretty much at the end of time today but we are all here we have the psyllium booth downstairs so do drop by the booth meet some we have plenty of other people who are winners and work on psyllium who are here all week so do come by give us your feedback ask your questions we'd love to meet you thanks very much


This is nature. Home to thousands of species. It is endangered because of the coal mine boring into it. This is a tree. It is being exterminated to make space for fossil fuels. Industrial facilities are built where it once stood. This is the sea. It is being used as cooling water for thermal plants. It is getting warmer. It is rising. This is a fisherman. They provide for their families from the sea. They know what spawning areas mean. They understand what would be under threat if the plant cold plants are built next to it. This is a human being. It needs health to live, food to eat, history to learn and the habitable climate to exist. This is coal. It is not edible. It is the single greatest threat to our climate. This is a thermal coal plant. It offloads its pollution and dirt on Turkey's nature and history. This is human history. It has been here for thousands of years witnessing civilization. It is endangered because of coal plants. This is UNESCO. It is responsible to preserve the common heritage sites that serve as a bridge between human history and future generations. But it's eerily silent. UNESCO say something. Protect culture, not coal. Without the past, there's no future.


Welcome back X traders, and I'm Marci Coco with X trades, and I'm going to be reviewing the November Last week of November trade plans that I posted in the watchlist channel So after we review these plays very quickly, we're going to move over to our trade plan strategy and we're going to look at one of the random tips that strategy covers with a Vertical spread that I Took with Netflix. Okay, so let's start with reviewing what we did this week. So this is November 28 and this was Monday and this was our We had remember we had the bearish and the bullish trade plans I remember the way we come up with these trade plans is there's Basically half technical analysis and half fundamentals now if you recall in October we did Neo and We were basically fundamentally bearish on Neo The general market sentiment the Chinese economy the Neo Trend the economic data coming out of China the EV industry as well There were no upgrades or downgrades, but basically this pointed to a bearish general market sentiment for Neo and we couple the fundamentals and this is the basic trade strategy We couple those fundamentals with the technicals. So we looked at the ticker trend. Okay, this was obviously not for Neo This is for a different ticker which was bearish we Learned how to draw support resistance levels using different tactics. We learned about price patterns and we we looked at we actually didn't find many price patterns on Neo and We looked at indicators that we did with the Neptune trading system the moving averages and the RSI Which by the way the Neptune trading system highly recommended on the X trades app online you can get it and So we coupled basically the technical analysis with the fundamental analysis and we came up with Neo in October where, you know, basically all the overvalued tickers were getting We're experiencing all these outflows of money and that money was was obviously going either to the sidelines on cash Or into value tickers So we took advantage of that and we played Neo to the downside and in November We actually did something different Because money was still probably not going to be flowing into, you know, the high-tech overvalued high-tech industry we We decided that in November we were going to look at defensive stocks So we basically drew up trade plans for defensive stocks And like I said, those trade plans come out of the technical analysis and the fundamentals analysis So let's look at what we came up with Bank of America, which is the financial it definitely a defensive stock and this is This was our plan we came up with again And a bullish trade plan and a bearish trade plan just in case you never know So this was our bearish trade plan and so far up to yesterday It worked as you can see Monday was pretty red So that was that was that was a pretty good run right there if we would have bought the puts And on Tuesday, we actually reached our lower target, which was Some around thirty six sixty four. Okay, so we would have actually gotten out of that trade Probably and left a runner if anything for today Wednesday Let me break into the four hour just to take a better look here. Yep So on today Wednesday, which is starts here. So these are the three candles for today Wednesday Or two candles rather This one is after hours. So we definitely would have as you can see here reached the The low price target and would have gotten out of our trade and probably Like I said left a runner for the rest of the week out of which of which we would have gotten out of obviously Well, actually no because this is after hours. So it probably would have We would have had to get out sometime tomorrow So we'll see how that plays out But this would have been a win for sure right here on Bank of America. We also looked at Pfizer, which is another Defensive on the health care and this one we had the bearish and let me go back to the daily here See here here. This was we actually played this from the beginning of November, which was somewhere Over here and it's been very bullish and we definitely would have Reached our price target today. Actually the end of the day so Pfizer worked out well oxy was another one and oxy actually broke into Into our This is I believe yeah, this is about mid-November it broke into the downside or the bearish Trade plan around the middle of November and look how well that would have done and then today We're again a lot lower We're probably looking to bounce off of the bottom of this channel so this one would have worked out quite well and then The last one that I believe we looked at was AT&T and AT&T was the one that didn't really do much As you can see it barely broke into Into our Entry level and it didn't go very far now. We still have a Couple of more days left here up to December 2nd and it might actually turn green or greener Into tomorrow and Friday given the very good news today And so that might actually end up driving AT&T higher so I think it's pretty clear that our trade plan or our trade strategy Sorry the strategy that we've developed and tested Over a period of two months so far on different types of tickers Has yielded some very good trade plans and very profitable trade plans So we basically combine the technicals with the fundamentals and if you guys need more pointers on this You know you can DM me on discord or we can set up a tutoring mentoring session Sorry to go over some of these And like I said the other thing that I wanted to cover Other than the general trade plan strategy was a few were some of these random tips, okay? There's a video recently out on risk management Which is in the video lessons channel, which I highly recommend you guys check out But which talks about you know how to size your trade You know and instead of taking like 1 300 or 1 400 dollar call, you know take a few take a few 100 or even 75 dollar calls and that way you can Basically, you know exit at 15% exit at 30% exit at 75% and then maybe leave a runner if you want but runners and sizing of a lot of contracts instead of just one big contract Which is basically putting all your eggs in basket is definitely one of the more important tips on being successful And we mentioned focusing on percentage gain, you know, we want to Follow how much we make in a trade Looking at the percentage of how much you put in not the absolute value Because it's very easy to get You know to get Up to like 10 or $20 if you only bought one contract and then you're thinking to yourself Well, but 10 and $20 that's not a lot. I want to make like a hundred bucks or I want to make like 500 bucks on One contract what that's probably not going to happen in the beginning and definitely not with the smaller Option contracts that you might want to be able to trade in the beginning So you got to focus on percentage, you know, as soon as you make 15% Then you get out, you know, and if you made 15% on one contract and that only represented $15 The solution is not to get a more expensive contract. The solution is to get more of those cheaper contracts and Exit them with a runner strategy and a percentage exit strategy And that's how you're gonna make a hundred three hundred five hundred dollars on one trade Okay, so those are some of the tips that we covered very quickly in the first video that we did and Then we'll go over some of these other ones later But when I when I make the actual Video of all of these topics But the next one that I want the last one that I wanted to cover on this video was something that I did this week with one of the trade alerts that one of the analysts put out and it has to do with This one right here naked versus spreads. So normally what's alerted in the discord channel Is a naked or a single options contract? So it's either, you know VTO buy to open this call or buy to open this put. Okay, there's seldom have I seen but I have seen some Cell to open normally it's just buy to open. So you either buy a call or you buy a put now the attractive Quality of buying a single, you know, whether it's a call or put is that you can make a lot of money But the downside to that if you are not a diamonds hand professional trader then you are probably going to get Jittery, you know, you're probably gonna get paper hands like I do and It just it happens. It's normal. You know, it's psychology.   There it is. Okay, so it was a Netflix call and It might have actually been somewhere here It was a Netflix call and it was a 330 strike now Let's take a look at what Netflix has been doing So far Okay, so it's been trading in this channel So it hits the top of the channel it bounces back down it hits the bottom of the channel bounces back up It's the top here. It ran into some support right there at 254 It headed back up balanced off the top of the channel and started heading back down now somewhere around here a Netflix 330 call was called out or alerted to the idea I wasn't the analyst that alerted to it But I'm guessing that his idea or her idea was that it would bounce off of that this middle line right here Which you can see acts as a support right here and then support here again And then broken then that it acts as resistance and then resistance again and then resistance again It and then the only reason why it breaks over it is because it gapped But then it acted as support again and then once again here It acted as support again. So the analyst was probably thinking okay. It hit this thing. It's gonna act as support It's gonna go back up to the top of the channel.  I believe right here Okay, so there's the December 330 call. So normally When you see an alert like this, you'll see five hundred and sixty seven dollars. You'll be like, no I'm not touching that thing. It's five hundred and sixty seven dollars that could evaporate just like that okay, if You don't have any idea of what that trade plan might have been and that's why it's so important to Read or to study technical analysis if you can't look at this chart and say actually Let me go ahead and bring this in and use it to cover it up You know if the alert is made let's say that it was made here You know which kind of makes sense it bounced with a bullish hammer off that middle trend line you're thinking okay if This thing bounced off of this support line, which was also this price level support right here Then you're probably not even eyeing 330 as a possible as a possible target So what happens is you look at five sixty seven you've got no clue where this thing is going You have no charting experience. You don't you haven't you don't have any Support and resistance lines. You don't have any trend lines any channels and price patterns actually I didn't see if there was a price pattern on here and Doesn't look like much But basically you look at that and you say to yourself if you're like me, you know a jittery paper hands trader Hmm five sixty seven. That's a lot of money to lose on a call. You'll be like nah, I don't think so So this was actually taken I believe oh no Unfortunately, this was taken today. Let me see if I can find the same picture that I took of that No, I don't believe I have it unfortunately when I took this yesterday it was I was down like eighty three dollars Okay, so I had the call and this call went from five sixty seven and it had gone down to like I believe it was something like Sixty-six dollars okay, so I was down like four hundred and nineteen dollars something like that right here Or more I can't remember The point is when you see a naked call a single call alerted to in the channel one of the things that you can do is Go ahead and take that call and that's going to cost you five sixty seven But then go a strike up above and sell that call Okay, now let's think about this for a minute what you're saying is I expect this to go Above three thirty, okay So you're gonna make money if this thing breaks and runs over three thirty, but you know what? Three it's not gonna go higher than three thirty five So anything below three thirty five I make money okay, so What's gonna happen is that you're basically gonna be trading in a range And that range is gonna be between three thirty and three thirty three thirty five You know that it's definitely gonna be like in this case. Let's say that it it ends up at three oh five It's not above three thirty so this Single call loses money, but it's definitely below three thirty five. So this one makes money Okay, and they don't make and lose money in the exact amount, but it definitely limits your Loss now, let's do a quick calculation right here This thing cost 567 and It made me when I sold it 467 okay, so that's a hundred dollar maximum loss. That's what I paid for it. I paid a hundred bucks for it Well plus fees or whatever, but if this thing Goes from five sixty seven to zero Okay, because it didn't reach three thirty Which it didn't that's if we're assuming that it stayed at three oh five then I will have lost 567 dollars, but if it didn't reach three thirty it definitely didn't reach three thirty five So this thing will expire out of the money and I keep the four sixty seven Because I sold that call Okay, so the five sixty seven minus the four sixty seven Gives you a one hundred dollar Entry okay, or a cost, but that cost is your limited Loss your limited risk the more the most that you're going to lose is a hundred dollars That's the more the most you can lose on this trade. So yesterday when this thing was The numbers aren't gonna You know obviously make a lot of sense now, but I was basically going over I'm probably not gonna go over all of those numbers because I went through like the Delta and the Gamma and As you can see I looked over like ATR, which is basically how much a stock moves You know like in a certain range So it basically gives you how much it move it will move per day So I came up with a number somewhere between like nine and five And then I actually ran the ATR indicator and it gave me something like eight So I was thinking because I was right here yesterday I remember this is the daily charge of this bar right here didn't exist yesterday But I'm looking at again what sort of looks like a bullish hammer because it's definitely more movement to the upside than there Was to the downside it looks like it's rejecting whatever this level might have been here Okay, which for all intents and purposes is probably this level over here to 82 so it looks like it was rejecting this and Again, it might be the same strategy that the original analyst Was looking at when he saw this thing bounce on the middle line. So I Was down about a hundred dollars yesterday because this thing was going down remember the strongest Contract here the one that's gonna Let's say the one that could make or lose most amount of money is the bought call at 567 So this has been going down. So ever since I bought this at a hundred dollars It has been going basically it went up a little bit the first day and then went down down down three days in a row It just kept going down Okay, so I was losing up to a hundred dollars yesterday. So my idea yesterday Which I set up on this text note here, which I'm not gonna, you know read through the whole thing because It'll be kind of boring but basically what I was thinking was okay So I have to manage the spread now because I definitely didn't lose it even if this was a hundred it wasn't 567 okay, so that's the first takeaway that I want you guys to have here is that when you take a single You're risking a lot more and when it gets to be five hundred and sixty seven dollars worth of risk Then you think it twice, you know, you think you think it over and You end up probably opting not to take the single Okay, but it might end up being a good trade, you know, it's just that it's a lot of money So what you do is you like I said you sell the strike above in the case of the call on the put it's different and You end up instead of paying five sixty seven you end up paying a hundred dollars, which we just calculated right here So a hundred dollars is a lot more Acceptable risk, you know depending on your portfolio size and five hundred sixty seven so Once you make it to like minus a hundred dollars, which I was looking at down here So I was starting to think okay this thing might keep dropping a little bit But eventually it's gonna have to bounce back up, you know And so there's a couple of things you could do one of them is okay So the one that's making money is obviously this sold call this one is in the red And it's probably gonna be at least up to yesterday It was probably gonna be in the red for a lot longer So I was thinking mmm. This is you know pretty much lost But I can take this and I can sell I can buy it back. Okay, so I'll make a hundred seventy four dollars I'll buy this sold call back and Just see if write it out as a single which is very risky in the sense that you could lose a lot more Because there's still some value left in this. Okay, it's worth two ninety right now But you could still make those two ninety two From now until expiration if this thing goes completely to zero but the point is that one of the strategies that you could take is To basically take the profit on this one Because you're expecting it to actually bounce back up, you know and this minus one eighty four as this thing keeps riding up You know it was down here at minus one eighty four.  It's gonna be like Minus, you know one and What whatever happens from here on in if this thing takes off then you will make money because you will have collected a hundred and seventy four dollars and This thing let's say that this was it is a hundred eighty four dollars So you're in the red but if you sell this one right now or buy it back sorry and You hold out with this call basically in your hand the single call This loss is gonna reduce from one eighty four to one hundred to eighty four to fifty And that means that you will have made a hundred and seventy four Minus a much smaller loss maybe ten twenty bucks So one seventy four minus the twenty buck loss is only one fifty before you still make money Okay, so that's one option that you can do with spreads the other one you can do is that you can sell You can buy this one back. Okay, so you already took one one seventy four and you can sell another one again For December but with a lower strike Okay, and so I was looking at this yesterday, and I could have bought the three hundred one here It is for four hundred and twenty five dollars. I could have sold sorry, but about that I could have bought this one back made a hundred and seventy four. So let's Punch that in our calculator here. So you make one seventy four Yeah, you're still losing one eighty four but one The the other thing you could have done is okay now sell the three thirty Which yesterday was three. It was four hundred twenty five dollars. So I could have Sold the three thirty for four hundred twenty five So if I sell that for four twenty five, then I'll make the one seventy four a pocketed right now. Oops about that Okay, so I pocket one seventy four right now and then Add to that four hundred twenty five of them of the other sold call and that's six hundred bucks Okay, so even if this thing Goes all the way down. You will have lost five hundred and sixty seven Which means that you're left with thirty two dollars a profit if this thing like I said Doesn't reach the three thirty, but it doesn't go past the three hundred which would be somewhere around here So those would have been to Two different Options that I would have had or two alternatives that I would have had in case that this thing just you know It reaches a point where it's negative and you're trying to salvage it. There's two ways to do it. Okay? You either just get rid of This one and then you keep this one in and basically hope that it's gonna go You know from a big loss to a smaller loss or you actually take another sold call sell that against it and Hope to profit out of that again in both cases you need technical analysis to give you an idea of how far this Thing could go now. This was obviously not normal This thing went from the open of 281 to the close of 305. That's 19 dollars in one day if we look at the ATR Which I'm not sure if it's still in here No, I don't think it is But I know I have it in here or did yesterday anyway ATR I'm actually gonna favorite that that's how you favorite and trading view by the way, okay? So go ahead and click on it and add it to the chart. Okay, so here's where it was See it was that look about at about 11 and then just today it moved 19 You know in one day, so now it jumped back. It's up to 1284 practically 13. Yeah, so this was obviously not a normal move but and then now my $100 loss is down to $10. Okay, and this is looking quite well for the end of the week So I'm gonna basically stay bullish on this one. I'm gonna leave it open But what I wanted to basically cover was when you see a big, you know a very expensive alert, you know made in the alerts channel and You know 567 you're like no, I don't want to take that. That's too much money I could lose 567 dollars go ahead and buy and sell the next strike Above that same contract Okay, and that way you're collecting some money if it stays below that number Which it definitely will if it doesn't blow past the 330 Okay, so this is just one of those tips. It's not so much a tip. It's actually a strategy. It's vertical spread It's a combination of options contracts that it does cap your gain because you obviously cannot make So much because after this thing shoots past 335 then this one is gonna lose a lot of money Basically all 467 and basically you Whatever you made on the upside gets reduced or limited or capped by whatever you lost to the downside So it does cap your gains, but it also limits your risk quite a bit because If you know if basically if somebody asked you would you prefer to lose 567 dollars or a hundred dollars? I think it's pretty clear That we would much prefer to just lose a hundred dollars So vertical spreads are a very good strategy for people who get into a trade. It's really expensive You don't want to be that expensive because you probably don't have enough time to be monitoring it and waiting for this thing to go You know, maybe it goes up to five. I believe it did it did go up the next day This was the the next day after I bought it. It did go up and it was you know, probably went up to like, you know 580 or 590 and so again used percentages So if it went up to 590 out of the 567 that it cost that's a 4% gain You know, I didn't have time to be watching it all day So I figure, you know, if I don't have the time and it's a very expensive trade But it's a very good ticker with a you know, and I have the you know The trading the technical analysis tells me that it's a good strategy. It's a good alert Then I want to take it.  So that's basically what I wanted to cover to end the month of November and in December I will probably be looking at More of these spreads in detail I'll try to take those take the ones in from the discord alerts and basically make those into spreads and That is what I'm going to be looking at for the month of December. Basically the I'm gonna recap this whole Trading strategy in in one more video and I've got some examples here I've started to work on some slides, but it got like too long. So I kind of don't want to Make it such a long video. So I'm gonna basically gonna in the month of December I'm gonna recap the trading plan, you know, how do you do technicals? How do you do fundamentals? How do you put them into your trading plan and then you know these tips that will probably focus a lot more on spreads? Going forward the month of December should be a Santa rally especially after Powell's gift today. So I'm I'm gonna be bullish for the month of December, but that also means that it's going to be a good month to hedge any trades To the downside, okay, because if this thing is gonna keep going up not Netflix, sorry Well, I do expect Netflix but spy in general if this thing is gonna keep going up and oh look at that It just actually hit the top of that trend line So tomorrow is gonna be very decisive what I had was this rising wedge Which is gonna hit the the top of that down trend line So basically if this thing pops over and retest that trend line Then I'm gonna be bullish for the rest of December if this thing comes back down It's probably probably gonna hit this the bottom of the wedge right here And it's still gonna rally into December But then or at least until the end of this December So I'm still gonna be bullish for the month of December, but as soon as You know, we get a rejection off of this trend line, and I'm definitely gonna be looking to hedge some with some spy puts for the next few months the beginning of 2023 so remember to always look at the general market sentiment not just the individual ticker and then you combine that with your technical analysis And you have trade plans either to the upside or to the downside and whatever Whatever happens during that week, you know, you got basically follow your plan you know stick to your stop losses limit your losses and definitely use more than one contract keep an eye on percentage gains not absolute value gains and whenever you reach your reach your Your target prices take your profits and then leave a runner So for in order to do that you must have taken at least Two contracts for a specific trade. All right, so I hope that that was useful if you guys have questions on any other stuff Go ahead and send me a DM Online on discord pretty much every day during trading hours, but I'm also available after trading hours and Probably have more time to answer your questions But yeah, go ahead and hit me up and I'll see you tomorrow