Alright, thanks for staying with us. Now the 7th largest country in the world. Nigeria has Africa's highest case load of depression and ranked 15th in the world in the frequency of suicide according to the World Health Organization. There are less than 150 psychiatrists rather in this country of about 200 million people. I think it's over 250 right now. And WHO also estimates that fewer than 10% of mentally ill Nigerians have access to the care they need. It's safe to say Nigerians are going through a lot. Mental health care is in a sorry state given that we have more than 60 million Nigerians suffering from various mental illnesses and the fact that only about 10% of them were able to access appropriate care. So today we want to discuss mental health. The mental health of Nigerians. Mental health of us. All of us here seated and our citizens amidst this economic situation and the poor living conditions that Nigerians are faced with. Now please, let's hear what you have to say. Remember you can join the conversation. Send us an SMS or WhatsApp to<PHONE_NUMBER>3. You can also tweet at us at Weishio Africa one with the hashtag Weishio. Like literally every day I wake up and I'm having a headache. I do a little thing and I'm having a headache. Like there is the stress of Nigeria and there is the stress of Lagos. Lagos is on a whole new level of stress because again, sometimes when I have very important things I need to do and I need to wake up early, I have to leave my house say 430. That alone can take 10 years of my life.  Like it is really stressful. Let me hear your thoughts Jola. How are you coping? How are you coping? I'll come to you Gloria and I'll come to you Isi. Not so. I think for me it is a function of, every day, whoever you talk to, what you would hear is it is well or they try to invalidate whatever you're feeling or it's almost as if, don't make a mountain out of this mold. Everybody's feeling it. So please deal with it in your own way. And that is even frustrating. So for me, it's so hard to even talk about my daily challenges because nobody really cares. Nobody wants to listen. That's the truth.  So usually better to just keep quiet. Keep it, keep it, keep it. Let's move on to Gloria. Like she said, everyone is going through the year so most times people don't want to listen. I'll give a case in point. So this whole Naira note something. The thing has affected me, not in a way, but let me give an example. So the first time I noticed we had to buy our own currency, I was not taking it for the first time ever. So I'm with my brother at home and literally nothing he was doing made me happy. So he noticed the countenance change and he was trying to really like make me liven up but nothing. And guess what? It did not end there. Even to the next day I took it to the office and at the point I'm like what's wrong with you?  I was not asking how can you buy so you're working so hard. I literally, I work so hard, mental work then I have to now still stand in queue to get my money or if I want to go to periods I have to pay for my own money. I was just like what is really going on? Gloria are you sure this is the kind of life you want to live? You know so all of that but then again not everyone understands it so even if I go and explain this to some people people just take it like that's a nice Nigeria. You see let me hear your thoughts. I would look at it from the perspective of what Norma visually says. She said that thank God we don't look like what we think and she has said this repeatedly on the show at some point you might think it's just a cliché but in actual fact thank God we don't look like what we've been through. So the mental health thing is crucial right now for everybody. We have to be mindful of what we let into our space basically and I have tried to do that to the best of my knowledge but however like I said earlier I'm looking forward to what So she has to say about this and to throw more life into what we can actually do to assuage what we are going through currently in Nigeria. Absolutely and I think I really need to hear Sochi's thoughts because for me I think it's more brain work I do and like Gloria said I can resonate with that that's why Muslims I have a headache because in my sleep I'm still thinking. I'm waking up I'm thinking I'm always with my laptop with my whatever correcting doing this there's a lot of work to be done and you know you now add that to your condition your living conditions it's just ridiculous so that's why again like you said you know you now begin to assess it that Koma Yui is a stupid person deciding to stay in this country again you now speak to your friends that have left the country and the things that we worry about that they don't relate anymore they can't relate anymore my friend had just left which day to UK to the UK you know she said if anything that legal straffing and her own she was now having issues water issues in her house a brand new house called Landlord Refuse to do anything she had a newborn baby it was just messy for her so she said I beg I'm so grateful that she left the country so just imagine so you now be thinking that Koma you sure you're not foolish this your patriotic you now reconsider it because that's the thing you now start looking at yourself like are you being foolish but let me bring in Tochi So Tochi is a lifestyle transmission coach with a mission to make fitness a lifestyle and a part of our culture she is the founder of the Excited Living Company a wellness company with a mission to create awareness and education to help individuals leave a wholesome experience the Excited Living Company teaches a seven dimension to wellness approach Tochi has worked with several women to transform their physical and mental well-being through her life coaching and fitness accountability programs now Tochi is passionate she's a passionate writer and she is she runs a columnist for the Vanguard newspaper and she's a friend of the house and we're bringing her back again and again thank you so much Tochi for joining us this evening I mean so this year we really want to concentrate and try to focus and very very focused on education and mental health wellness for our Wednesdays it's very important for us we can't toy with it we want to be able to stick to that and just keep pushing it and you know I mean you are not stranger to what is happening in this area first of all like is it okay for us to go through these things and is can our mental with the threshold can we actually take the number of stress that Nigeria is bringing to us so that in case I go mad I know that okay yes maybe it's okay it's valid do you get because I don't understand so we're not supposed to be going through and yes if we talk about threshold many people have and we saw the videos this last week people are stripping in the banks people are so frustrated so this is not how we're supposed to live and I keep saying that so people can be comfortable with feeling tired you have to be okay with knowing that you are exhausted oh no you have to be okay with that this is not normal existence and it shouldn't be so so you're talking about you not having sometimes just the desire to work like there's no light no no there's no food because you can't buy you can't buy because there's no cash so it's fair for Nigerians to understand and accept that they are exhausted and they should be and can be exhausted however because your mental health does not respect your location hi say it again it doesn't respect your location you still have to find coping strategies to get past what we're going through so we have to talk about how we can cope let's talk about things that we can do that we can move forward for one one thing I've done in this season is to limit interactions with strangers or new people because even last time I went to buy Boli and I parked buying my plantain and I told the lady I'm taking that one she said okay there was a guy standing there she asked the guy is that your Boli said no nobody's taking that one and she was about to wrap it maybe like three minutes later when the Boli was ready I just remembered this guy I didn't know what was coming I said give him so it's knowing when not to even respond recognizing that many many people are triggers everywhere it's just being released in different places so yes we have to understand that people and as much as we are allowed to be tired and exhausted we have to take some steps to manage I think yeah avoiding confrontation avoiding conversations that you know can lead there in traffic now there's no point to make a point that somebody caught you in traffic people are really upset and I think it's one of those things that we can do for ourselves to manage and limit conversations confrontations if you don't have to leave your house honestly maybe you don't if you don't have to maybe you don't as well but I always talk about exercise oh my god is it possible to talk about life without exercise we need to go for walks we need to go outside the house but honestly we are not supposed to be experiencing a level of trauma we are and I want to say to Nigerians watching you are allowed to be exhausted you really are it doesn't matter you are allowed let us soak this in for like two seconds we'll go out on a break we'll come back and come to your Jaila and Diori and easy for your questions stay with us we'll be right back alright so if you just tuned in we're discussing Nigeria today and we're discussing mental health the mental health of our citizens and we have with us Tokyo Carpo now please let's hear what you have to remember you can join the conversation send us an SMS 3 you can also tweet at us at Weshaw Africa one with the hashtag Weshaw alright so Jaila I'll come to you then I'll come to Diori I hear you when you say that it's okay to say that you know I'm maxed out but the question is who do you want to say to even if you say to yourself there is the you have to go on living you are accountable or answerable to different moving parts so I think that so my question to you is do you think honestly that mental health in Nigeria is a subject we're comfortable talking about I mean everyday we hear oh Nigerians we make a joke of it and we say oh we have a very high resilience we're very strong people you know all that and then when you say to someone I'm tired it feels like pardon me let me say it in Yoruba like what is wrong with you what have you done that somebody else has not done you understand so everyday that I keep thinking that we find a way we repress so many things and just find a way to just keep piling and piling at what point we even are we allowed to even say it out to other people not just to ourselves to other people and say you know what it is in I'm done right here and I need you to help me I need you to make things easy for me you know I think that is very fundamental for me you know so when it comes to mental health to be honest it's a new concept for us as a people we haven't been allowed to even as a child growing up in the Nigerian household we start to be less comfortable with expressing ourselves really young because as a young person in a home we don't really have a voice you're being shot down you're being shot down that's the standard practice so even when I don't know how many young girls sat down with their mom and expressed boyfriend conversations or you know all those kind of intimate conversations so mental health now is in that line of conversation because it is seen as a weakness which it is not and should not be so to answer your question you it's you holding yourself accountable for what you feel and knowing that what you feel is valid you finally able to express it to is now a different concern you might not have people in your circle that would understand so I would recommend that you seek help because if you're really tired in a way that you're losing pleasure for life maybe you're not getting up don't feel like getting out of bed in the morning that's really going into a space of depression it is time to look for somebody that will understand and listen to you but I find that most of our friends if you look in yourself there's someone that understands and you can speak to but aside from that we are all coming from a place of being conditioned in a certain way mental health is still a alien to us okay you permit me I don't just have one question so you talked about exercise not everyone has I know even before we came on live talking about exercise I know there was one time I wanted to join a gym and I was like what are you on the exercise what is it about you so I have not exercised so there are little things I do but I wouldn't really necessarily call it exercise so for some of us who cannot exercise which according to what you said solves about 90% of the mental or something how do we help ourselves in such a situation so I think let me just say exercise is a form of movement the core of mental health what has been proven to work is movement we are the gym but you can do stuff that takes your mind away from what you are thinking through but engages the body there are over 100 times of work you can just put on music and start dancing that is a movement so maybe not use exercise to limit yourself but move your body burn some sweat because sweating detoxifies you as well it helps the whole process so my next question is about anxiety okay something happened some time ago a friend of mine she suddenly got overwhelmed and she was shaky I wasn't really understanding but I think I have read a shallow about anxiety it is anxiety fear because sometimes whenever I talk about and some people just say stop being afraid is it deeper than being afraid what is anxiety really about mental health your anxiety is deeper than fear it is actually a disorder there is anxiety disorders they can be traced as far back as a traumatic incident that happened many years ago that hasn't been healed from or hasn't been talked about if there are triggers that remind you of that event it can lead to anxiety so anxiety is not just fear it's fear is part of it but it's also an actual disorder it's deeper than fear I have a friend that has high level anxiety she does have that so that's not fear it's a trigger of a traumatic incident sometimes you don't even know what the incident is which is when you see a therapist buried in your cell so there would just be something that would bring it out and you wouldn't even know you wouldn't even wonder what is going on let me come to you then you see please go ahead nice to see you again nice to see you again a long time you'll see them what's your take on this what's your take on this because you've talked about exercise being proud being the core of mental health what's your take on uncertainty and the positives especially when you have to be mindful of what you're going through so how do they correlate so how does uncertainty and what correlate I didn't get the other word we've talked about different things correct what I'm looking at now is uncertainty and picking to the positives in the least of the negatives basic so how we solve this situation in terms of being mindful of absorbing the positives in this context it's interesting I've watched a therapist speak to his clients and there are things that we have to accept that would never disappear like this situation we deny right now and the stresses that we're feeling until things change there will be that nervousness and anxiety in the environment so you can't live above your environment sometimes you can try in your mind but it's still a tricky one uncertainty, remember the therapist was saying one of the tools you must have to fight uncertainty is high level gratefulness because uncertainty is what life is whether we're going to be not sure what happens tomorrow the next minute for you to fight that is to do what you can do just live in the moment be grateful and let the things that are working be more of your focus that are things that you want to accomplish because I find that uncertainty is basically living in the future in the future because you don't know what tomorrow brings and all of that and it now brings all the anxiety it's interesting how you're talking about gratitude because I decided that this year for some strange reason this year I wake up every morning the first thing I put on my stage was grateful I do that deliberately telling God that you know what whatever it is, whatever I'm going through whatever the situation, whatever I'm on ground zero I'm grateful that I can even wake up to type it and I think, you know what that has done for me this is the year that I have had so many things happening all at the same time for some strange reason nothing is happening because it has elevated my spirit above what I can see what I can feel so I don't know how do we start to let people you know because again there was a time Oprah was talking about her gratitude journal or something these things are principles that work but people are not people are very very conscious of what is going wrong what is not happening right is that and you forget the million and one things that is happening and it is going smoothly right so how do we bring people out of that consciousness I'll take for instance this Naira thing you know that some of these people that go to queue on a normal day they will not go to the bar and drop money let me address that quickly our culture is we thrive on panic so that's first of all the problem I know someone that I asked what are you in the bank because everybody is queuing I don't want them to finish my money no you are in the queue in the sun your money is not going to fill they will not go to the bar but because of the uncertainty that Issy talked about that is in the air they are not sure what happens tomorrow it brings the anxiety it brings the panic it brings all the energies because I have been going cashless for a very long time anybody that knows me if you see money in my head I hardly have cash with me so I have done this cashless thing that happened in my head a long time ago so when I see people panicking because of cash cash not that I don't have money to transfer or whatever I told them I went to the market I just went to collect everybody's account number but when I go to my office I sat down on my laptop transferred money to all of them because that is my transaction I work oranges with transfers so how do we start to now make the shift let people begin to push away from what they cannot control because now the way I live it is what I can control I can't control how you think about me I can't control how you perceive me everything the only thing I can control is how I perceive you how I see you how I relate with you so how do we get more people into that bracket because I believe with that it will help us deal with some of the mental stress that we go through I think it was last year I was in the same I think as an entrepreneur in Nigeria we are forced to live in that space of uncertainty so much you are you are easily pushed in that bracket and I came up with the way I wanted to live and I said peace is the foundation on which prosperity is built the truth is that to make that shift you consciously first have to start with the generally you have to start with the tactics or the tricks of the trade in the initial stages you have to learn to catch yourself and breathe there's a work before it becomes a habit it's first a work it's first something you have to do intentionally which you would have to generally fight it's not a natural thing to you so it's unnatural for you to be to live in the moment but you have to start with that gratitude and being grateful listen to what you say once you start feeling pressure, stress quickly count three things now now, now, now once you do that it calms you down it makes you feel like it's not so bad if you can count even one thing it's not so bad and in a few minutes you would feel a bit more relaxed I started to do that also with breath work it's very powerful when you feel anxiety just stop and breathe do it five times you would start to question why was I panicking before the biggest thing is the work in the initial stages all those stages that give us all these nuggets it took years to get there the initial work is being in the moment and like I said it's a okay I'm feeling a bit I'm feeling stressed I'm alive as you're saying you just stop breathing better so I think that's the first stage just become conscious of the fact that some things are working count one or two and take it from there awesome, let's take comments quickly because we're running out of time let's take comments this one says good evening ladies and ladies, please kindly tell management to increase the one hour program to one anyhow to enable us ventilling you also started Street Vox Pop when you returned from Christmas break have you dropped the idea back to today's topic my take is that mental health issue is unfortunately not taken seriously because of lack of informed knowledge and fear of stigmatization but the best therapy is to avoid triggers by changing environment avoid heated arguments, walk away from toxic relationships temporarily and try yoga, God bless you this is Austin from Delta nice Austin, sorry Vox Pop is still very much on but for the one hour 30 minutes I will hide my mental health issue I know right thank you good evening my beautiful ladies of what are you saying your guest is just on point honestly speaking without any shadow of doubt your mental health does not respect your location that is the plain truth when you think about the stress in Nigeria when there is no light the traffic system in Nigeria is a total nightmare the increase in fuel and diesel and the recent one leaving Nigeria and cashless it's enough reason for someone to lose it mentally, God will help us in Nigeria God will help us in Nigeria so that our mental health will come back to normal thank you you have a final comment good evening to everyone average Nigerian are suffering mentally the originator of all these government officials and politicians politicians self interest there is a title here if government policies are implemented there will be less mentally challenged people in the society period because we know Nigeria is unique very uniquely crafted to stress my mental health Nigeria is pure cruise honestly while there are things that stresses you out we didn't go to the content creators sections for Nigeria you don't see a lot my watch is telling me to take a minute to breathe watch is right watch is telling me to breathe so how do we mix this balance right just to wrap up the conversation like in a minute what do you think right yes we have issues in our situation but our mental health is still very much important so if you had one thing to say for Nigerians watching what would you say I would say that be comfortable with feeling overwhelmed don't feel like you're lazy or you're not what's the word the word resilience has been thrown around so much as though it's a badge of honor but not supposed to be resilient in every day that's not English but you know what I mean so it's okay for you to feel overwhelmed but I would say look for a friend or a place you can go and detoxify let it be something healthy please you know so yes but be comfortable with feeling the way that you do feel this is not a normal experience we shouldn't have to go through this every day but we are here and like I said earlier your mental health does not respect your environment absolutely thank you so much I think we've had a fantastic ladies thank you Hissy thank you Diola thank you Gloria it's so interesting how more people are taking to alcohol drugs that's why she said something healthy that's why she said something healthy don't say you won't go I want to take out stress you go sit down for a bit no I said my own way watch ways okay thank you so much for watching now before we go follow us across all our social media show Africa you can interact with us further drop a comment and most importantly follow all our engagements like sharing invite your families and friends to watch and follow the conversation now if you missed our quote for today here it is again there is hope even when your brain tells you there isn't I mean just know that there is hope we'll see you guys live at 8 p.m. tomorrow as we bring another great conversation to your screen ciao


Let's get started folks. Good morning. Let me introduce myself. My name is Rupak Parekh. I'm co-founder and VP of engineering at Platform 9. I have Amirish Kapoor here. He's architect at the vSphere engineering team at Platform 9. And we have Pushkar, who is a part of the engineering team for the vSphere. And we have Ken Hui who is sitting over there. He's director of technical marketing at Platform 9. So today, we are going to talk about OpenStack and how Platform 9 was able to make it work with existing brownfield environments. Before we go into the technical depth of the topic, let me talk about Platform 9, its architecture a little bit, just for a couple of slides. And then I will have Amirish talk in detail about the architecture. So Platform 9 was founded two years ago in 2013 by early VMware engineers. We wanted to use OpenStack and make it really easy. So think about Platform 9 as an easy button for OpenStack. We also provide OpenStack as a service. We host the OpenStack controller in our data center.  We connect to that. And boom, OpenStack is up and running. And we are hiring. We are based in San Francisco Bay Area, San Ivel. So if you're interested, I would be here after the session. Quick overview of the architecture. As I spoke about, we have the blue box on the top, which is the Platform 9 cloud, where we run NOAA API, scheduler, conductor, glance API, registry, keystone, and various other OpenStack services, along with some Platform 9 services which really make it happen. The green boxes down on the bottom are the data centers of our customers and their hypervisors. So on the left-hand side, you have Linux, KBM. This is what we support, which runs a Platform 9 agent connecting back to Platform 9 cloud. And on the right-hand side, we have the vSphere environment where you have the ESX hypervisor with VMware vCenter server, which connects to a Platform 9 appliance, which is essentially the same agent, but in an appliance form, connecting back to Platform 9 cloud. And this is how we connect it and make it work. So coming to this talk, why are we doing that? Why do we want to make OpenStack work with the Brownfield environment? Well, what we have seen is most of the project starts really small. You have one or two hypervisors with some virtual machines running. You add more servers. You have some more virtual machines running. Before you know it, you need a cloud. And you haven't really realized it yet. Virtualization has been there for ages. And people have large virtualization set-ups without a true cloud. So how do you go from there to true cloud? And believe it or not, when you talk to our customers, infrastructure as a service is still new. People have virtualization, but cloud is not there. So we want to remove the silos. And for most of all, we have seen strong customer demand for that, especially on the VMware side, where they have a lot of virtual machines running. They want to use OpenStack, but they have existing virtual machines. How do you take those virtual machines into the cloud? And the last thing that I want to mention, Platform 9 has been working with OpenStack for the last two years. So we want to contribute this particular thing back to the community. And Amrish is going to talk a little bit more about the challenges and the solution that we have came up with. Over to you, Amrish. Thanks, Rupa. So now that we spoke about the motivation for why all of this is useful, let's get into the how. Once we started looking at this problem, the first thing we wanted to do was classify the different asset types that people cared about having discovered from their environment. So for each host or cluster, which is a currency on the vSphere world, we were interested in discovering not just VM instances, but the networks that connect to their IP addresses on these networks, as well as any images or templates that these instances respond from. This is applicable on KVM just as it is on vSphere. So I'll be switching between both hypervisor types during my talk. So starting with VM instances, the way we approached this problem was to create a periodic synchronization task that would check for instances on the hypervisor. Again, the same applies to both vCenter and KVM. Any new instance that was found on the hypervisor would then be reported as a new open stack instance with the appropriate metadata, whether that includes a name, UID, block device mapping, et cetera. Now, to complete this loop, instances that don't exist on the hypervisor but had previously been reported to the database also need to be cleaned up so that the synchronization is maintained on both fronts. So all of the sync task components basically query the hypervisor and tell NOVA conductor, here's a VM instance I found, add it to the database. Now, that's fairly straightforward. But VM instances can't really exist in a vacuum. So since this discovery occurs at startup, our deployment has to take care of creating a special service tenant and an admin user within that tenant who owns all of these instances that are discovered. Now, all these instances are then owned by this user under the special tenant. But this doesn't mean that you can't go in and create further tenants at appropriate times once you've deployed your open stack cloud. So that was one of the problems that we had to address once we started discovering these instances. In addition to this, we also had to worry about flavors and quotas. Like I said, instance discovery happens at startup. So at this point, you don't have any images. You don't know what images these instances were spawned from. You don't know what flavors they were created from. So the simple solution here is to create an unknown image and an unknown flavor and let instances be built on top of that concept. Now, it turns out that you can still continue using the VM instances as you would normally use them, even with this information missing. So things like power operations, instance ownership operations, snapshotting, et cetera, still works. But the one key missing piece is that if you don't use quotas, then the instances are pretty invisible to open stack from an accounting perspective. So even though we used the concept of an unknown flavor, we still took into account all of the quota-related information for each instance. So for example, this included cumulatively establishing the block device mapping so that it would count towards the quota. So when the instances are discovered, they're also discovered as having consumed a certain amount of quota within that tenant. Moving on from instances, we took a similar approach to discovering networks as well. We had a periodic synchronization task that would go into the hypervisor and look for what networks it was reporting. For vCenter, this is basically the switches, pod groups, et cetera, that get reported as part of the cluster. On the KVM side, we're reporting Linux bridges that are attached to that hypervisor. So the impact of this is that if a network is added to the hypervisor post the fact, it automatically gets discovered and reported to OpenStack as an OpenStack network as well.  It continuously keeps monitoring for changes in both directions. So if a network goes away, it makes sure that the database is updated to take that into account. Similarly, if a network is created, it makes sure that OpenStack is plumbed with a new network as appropriate. So once we have the instances and the networks, the next step is to glue them together and see if we can discover the IP addresses of the instances that we've got in our cloud so far. So the synchronization task here, again goes to the hypervisor, asks it, okay, these are the instances I know. Tell me what IP addresses are occupied by these instances. And we've already discovered the networks in the previous step. So I know how to map those IP addresses to the networks that are now being plumbed into my cloud. This information is reported to NOVA. So all of the interfaces, IP addresses, all of the metadata for the instances now updated into the database tables. The key impact here is that now, if you're using any other external to OpenStack technology, let's say you have your own DHCP server setup, which is serving IP addresses to your instances, it doesn't need to know about OpenStack because this discovery goes in and periodically keeps pulling the IP addresses that each instance reports. So you can continue using whatever other infrastructure pieces you have while still letting OpenStack know that this is an instance, this is the IP address it consumes, these are the quotas that it contributes towards. The one point to note here is that we're still talking about the context of NOVA networks. We're not talking about the neutron yet. This is future work, we'll get to that in a later slide, but all of this is strictly within the confines of NOVA network. So once we have all of the networking sorted out as it were, we also wanted to look at seeing if you could use template images. Now, this is vSphere templates, so this is strictly in the vSender world, and vSphere templates are very similar to VM instances there. So the discovery process here is very similar to how you would discover an instance. You'd go in and say, what are the templates that are housed on this data store that I care about, and I'll report them as new glance images. So glance thinks that these were new images that were created within OpenStack, but we're basically the agent that is creating those images. The key point to note here is that with vSender, it's very easy to convert between virtual machine instances and templates. So your discovery service has to make sure that if this conversion happens, let's say you convert a virtual machine instance to a template, you have to make sure that NOVA drops that instance and glance gains an image. Now, this is great from a vSender perspective, but what about other image types? So we wanted to give a path for users to also be able to use VMDKS QCOW 2s, any other image types that are not vSphere templates. And the way we approached that task was to set up a predefined folder under each server that could house template images, or sorry, other image types that users cared about plumbing into glance. So it essentially became a special watch folder, and we had a file watcher process that would go in and keep monitoring that folder for changes. If there were any existing files in there, those would get reported as glance images. If you added more files in there, those would get reported as new glance images as well. So all images that were copied to this folder were essentially discovered automatically. You didn't have to deal with glance. You didn't have to try and convert your images into a particular cloud tenant, et cetera. All of this was taken care of as part of the initial deployment. Now with all of these pieces, we can then put together a complete picture of how all of them work together in concert to create an open stack based private cloud that is actually fully plumbed with all of your existing assets without you having to do anything special. So you can see that the hypervisor at the center of it all is providing all of the VM information, the network information, the IP address information, as well as the image information that is needed to set up essentially a private cloud with all of your existing assets. So all of these go into setting up a fully functional private cloud and you haven't even done anything in terms of operational stuff yet. And this is essentially what we did in our environment as well. So we put all of these tasks together. We made an initial deployment which was based off of our platform nine vSphere infrastructure that we're using internally. We authorized the data stores and clusters that we cared about. Once all these tasks had kicked in and settled in, we were able to create a completely seamless transition to this new open stack cloud which was now serving our underlying infrastructure. This whole process was completely seamless. The teams that were using vCenter actually continued using vCenter while this conversion was in progress. And the reason for that is the synchronization tasks that we spoke about actually keep both the views of open stack as well as the hypervisor in sync. There isn't a one way communication here. So usually what happens with open stack is that open stack is a source of truth, right? Once you put open stack in place, everything has to go through open stack down to the hypervisor and any information that comes back is kind of not really understood by open stack. So because we put this in place, we could enable teams to continue working with vCenter the way they were while all of this was being plumbed. Once it was in place, teams could switch over to creating new quotas using all of the open stack API private cloud goodness and continue working with that API without skipping a beat. And that's how we set up our internal infrastructure. To dig deeper into this a little bit, I'm going to hand over to Pushkar to go through a live demonstration of how all of this works. Pushkar. Thank you, Amrish. So I'll try to have a live demo if the network allows me to do that. So this is the general platform nine UI that you will get. This is the platform nine open stack controller which is hosted in the cloud. I have one ready for the vCenter environment and another one ready for the KVM environment. What you generally have to do is you'll have to download an appliance for the vCenter environment and an installer for the KVM one. I have already done that and that's why it's waiting for authorization. So basically when we deploy the appliance it will go ahead and discover a few things about the environment so that the authorization step basically adding Nova compute becomes slightly simpler. For example, when I click on authorize it asks me what clusters I want to use with this deployment. I'll just choose these two clusters which are our internal dev test and clusters. And I'll authorize all the data stores currently available in that under that cluster. What this did was it will now install Nova compute on that appliance and along with the platform nine components that Amri just talked about and it will start the discovery process as and when it starts running. While it's doing that, let's switch over and see the vCenter environment itself in a bit. So this is the actual cluster that we are looking into. So I just authorized the VMW dog food and the VMW test clusters. So we should start seeing them in some time. It takes about usually around three to five minutes but then the time varies depending on the number of instances that are there in that cluster and also depending on the number of clusters that you have authorized. While it's doing that we can actually go ahead and so because it's still under the discovery I'll just go ahead with the KVM workflow as well. It's similar to that on the vCenter. Here again it's asking for asking me to authorize it. I'll just assign it the hypervisor role for now and not just click next, next as usual. This will also, this will operation also at the same thing the Nova compute is now being installed on the KVM environment and it will start the discovery process as and when the Nova compute has been installed and configured. So the KVM environment is a demo environment.  It's a demo environment. So it has just three virtual machines and just one network for now. So once the discovery completes we will see that one network and the three virtual machines pop up here. So at least now it has understood that there are two clusters but it's still waiting to discover all the virtual machines. It depends on the connectivity also between the appliance and the vCenter environment. Okay, so now the discovery has been completed on the VMware environment. We can see that it has discovered 35 instances that are running and if you see the networks all the networks on those two clusters have been discovered. Let's go to the instances. Even the IP addresses of the instances have been discovered and it's not just the platform nine UI. If I shift to the horizon UI, I have set up DevStack Horizon to point and pointed it to that particular open platform nine controller, till it refreshes, let's go over the KVM environment. Okay, so even here the discovery has been completed. You should see, yeah, it has discovered that one network that was there on that hypervisor and on the instances, yeah, all the three instances are now visible here. Like Amrish said, for vCenter view, especially we discover templates. So what happens if you convert an instance into a template or back? So let's try to do that right now and we should be able to do that. Let's go to this cluster and I hope Kevin is not going to use this VM for some time. I'm just going to convert it to a template. Now this can sometimes takes time depending again on connectivity that I have right now. Okay, so the VM has been marked as a template in the vCenter view. So we should be able to discover that changes instead of waiting for the 10 minutes or whatever the time of the periodic task might be. I'll just manually go ahead and refresh it directly. Again, now because I'm refreshing, it can take time depending on the size of the vCenter cluster and the number of VMs that are there because all the information there will be refreshed. Let's go back to the instances view and we should not see the Kevin's VM now. Let's see if it is seen here, not yet. But at least it has been partially completed. It has disappeared from the instances view. It now shows up in the images view. So basically you can perform operations on the vCenter and they will be discovered, they will be discovered in the platform, open stack. Let me try to find the credentials and I will be able to show you that view as well. Thankfully I had saved those credentials somewhere. Good, yeah, so the instances pop up. Thank you. Let's look at the images. This is taking surprisingly long time today. Yeah, and all the images show up in the horizon view as well. So it's actually an open stack controller, so basically you can use horizon or platform and it's up to you. Now I'll hand it over back to Amrish. So what Pushkar demonstrated was essentially how long this whole process takes in real time. So it really does take the couple of minutes that it took to discover all of your existing assets. And the key point that we want you to take from this is that once that discovery is complete, that is actually a fully functional open stack private cloud. So we could have gone ahead, created new instances, we could have gone ahead and created new coders, new tenants, new users. We could have used all of the existing open stack API and all of that would have worked just as if you had set up this private cloud from scratch, except that it's already plumbed with everything that you care about in your infrastructure. Before I summarize, I wanted to raise a couple of points that we took as part of the implementation details when we went down this path. Now the discovery that we spoke of, we essentially thought of two different ways we could implement this. And the first was to integrate it with each of the parent components that it belongs to. So you'd create a discovery portion in Nova, you'd create a discovery portion in Glance, with networks, et cetera. The advantage of this is that you can implement this at the interface layer, you can define proper APIs for how to implement discovery and every hypervisor or appropriate driver can choose to implement this discovery as appropriate. The disadvantage is that every component that needs discovery will then have to build this at the implementation layer. And that can be a bit of a disruptive change for a whole bunch of open stack components. The other option is to implement this as a separate component altogether. So all of the discovery related work can be housed in its own service, in its own component. The advantage here is that it alleviates the problem from the previous point, which is making sure that you can add discovery independently of other components, so there's no disruption to the existing components. The disadvantage is that this service then becomes pretty complex because it has to understand a whole bunch of different open stack components, it has to understand a whole bunch of different drivers, other under-reach open stack components, and then be able to report discovered artifacts back. So we chose the first approach, but I just wanted to lay out the different options we considered while thinking about this. And the reason I wanted to lay that out is because when it comes to contributing it back, these are the sort of discussions that we hope to have within the community. In terms of future work, as I alluded to earlier, we're working with Nova Networks today. We're still trying to think through the process of how this would work and fit within the neutron context. We're also trying to see how we could build this with volume discovery and what makes sense in Cinder as well. But lastly and most importantly, we wanna start talking about how we can work within the community and understand the contribution process and figure out how to give this back. Before I take questions, I'll quickly summarize what we just spoke about. We found open stack as do our customers, a great solution to cloudify your internal infrastructure. But if that's the course you're taking, if you're trying to cloudify your existing internal infrastructure, you need to be able to also leverage all of the assets you've built up over time. This is why we created a lot of these pieces to be able to go in and discover these assets and report them to a fully functional open stack cloud. The goal was to be able to be completely seamless, which as you saw it was. The goal also was to be able to get up and running within minutes, which again, as you saw it was. And we can reliably claim that you can have a open stack cloud up and running in minutes instead of months, which was our whole goal. That's all we had. I'll open up the floor for questions to all of us. I was beginning to think it was a flawless presentation and there were no questions. Thanks for the presentation. So this one question I had is, so the whole workflow that you demonstrated, so at what level of scale have you actually tested this out? I mean, for a couple of VMs you have demonstrated this, but actually in your probably testing environments, like at what level of scale have you gone and then what is the kind of recommended a number of VMs or instances that you suggest here? So we actually not just tested this, but this is an actual live production use and we have folks that are using this in two levels of scale. One is the number of hosts that they have, the number of hypervisors and that we've tested in the order of hundreds and we've worked with VM scale in the order of thousands. So that's where we're at today, which is not to say that the process doesn't scale beyond that, it's just what we know of. And in terms of recommendation, if the hypervisor can handle it, the discovery can handle it, right? It's not like the discovery adds more load to the hypervisor. Because you have a periodic task running behind this and then that might take its own time to do the discovery, so I just wanted to basically understand into that perspective. The semantics of that periodic task is actually not very different from all of the existing open stack. NOVA has a bunch of tasks that run periodically to check power state, et cetera, right? It's actually very similar to that. So anything that applies to those tasks applies to these as well. So after you've completed the discovery and you have this new environment, is the idea that you would continue to use it with both views? Like people are still using it as if it's a VMware environment and others are using it as an open stack environment at the same time, are there any problems or conflicts that come out of that? Ideally you'd want them to switch to the open stack API because that's why you set it up in the first place. But the reality is that people do still continue using vCenter specifically because it has a nice interface, it has a well-established set of expertise around it, which is not necessarily the case on KVM. So that's why we built this whole synchronization piece, not only to be able to discover it, but there's a whole bunch of stuff that vCenter supports that open stack just doesn't, right? Like Pushkar demonstrated the template to instance conversion. You just can't do that in open stack. So you have to go to vCenter and do it. And we had to make sure that the pieces that we were building were resilient to that. So we do allow that dual view, but if the whole point is consuming the resources, you should be doing that through open stack because that's the best way to do it. And that's the reason people want to open stack because vCenter is mostly administrator only. They want to open it up to their internal users. Right. So we also have some t-shirts available in the front rows. So please help yourself. Okay. So there are no more questions. Thank you. Thank you.


Thank you all for joining us here in Tampa for this great event. I want to thank our speakers for being here, but most importantly, I want to thank the Schrader family for allowing us to be here. We've had several events here in Tampa, absolutely. For those who I have not yet met, my name is Stowe Bishop. I'm the Content Manager for the Mises Institute. Being able to work for these organizations is one of the great honors of my life because of how important its service is. For all of the great qualities of the Institute, the great ideas, the great books, these great heroes of liberty, I think one of its greatest qualities is the people it attracts. In the Schrader family, I think it's a great testament to it. They have a wonderful family. They do great work in their community. They understand the odds that are against us, particularly in the education field, and the topic today is one of the most important subjects of our time and one that is perhaps the worst taught, as of course, the topic of inflation causes consequences and cure. Now we have right now an economic system that is largely built upon gaslighting the public about the state of the real economy. We have very official government stats that come out to reassure us that the government's doing just fine. We've got these great jobs numbers, and you look at the jobs numbers, there's a lot of part-time work, there's a lot of government jobs, really producing a lot of great things there. We get inflation numbers that they take out little things like energy and food prices, who needs that? And they use it to give cover to the Fed to project what their policies are gonna be, that price of money, that little thing that they manipulate, and it creates a society and economy of haves and have-nuts. And it should be no surprise that we have younger generations moving away from capitalism and free markets the importance of property rights when they see an economy rigged against them. And it's rigged against them because of a culture of inflation, a systemic baking in of inflation that benefits certain classes and hurts those most vulnerable, particularly newer generations. I've had a lot of people come up already in this event and ask me for recommendations at our great table over there. If you want some book recommendations, talk to me after. But one of my favorite handouts that we have is this little one from Guido Holzman, how inflation destroyed civilization. And one of the, it's the topic of a passion project of Guido Holzman that looks not simply at the economic consequences, right? Numbers go up, prices go up, particularly here in Florida, housing prices go up, but deals with the non-economic consequences, the cultural consequences. The podcast that I do with Ryan McMake and Radio Rothbard, and I've had several people come up saying that they're big fans. So thank you guys for listening. But last year, we had an interview with someone from Nigeria who talked about the consequences of inflation in his country. And there, when you have inflation to an already poor nation, what he saw was, we've had a massive revival in Voodoo.  Because when you have inflation, again, affecting already poor people, people get desperate.  They don't see a future of hope, of growth. And people are capable of very dangerous things when they lack that hope. Now the Mises Institute stands to give hope to people, to replace bad ideas with good ideas. These institutions that we have built, this ideological capture of the economics profession, these are not inevitable. They are the result of bad ideas. And as Mises said, the only way to defeat bad ideas is by replacing them with good ideas. And that has been the mission of the Mises Institute ever since its founding. Now I know we have a lot of people that have been to Mises Institute events in the past. For those that have not, the Mises Institute was founded in 1982 by Lou Rockwell. The Institute exists to promote teaching and research in the Austrian School of Economics, individual freedom, honest history, and international peace in the tradition of Ludwán Mises and Murray Rothbard. We believe that our foundational ideas are of permanent value. And we oppose all efforts at compromise, selling out, and watering down these ideas with fashionable political, cultural, and social doctrines immeccable to their spirit. Now we're very excited. This is our first event with our new president of the Mises Institute, the great Tom DeLorenzo. Absolutely. Often one of the great measures of man is his enemies, and Dr. DeLorenzo has been attacked by leading Democrats on the Financial Services Committee, the Washington Post, the New York Times, and the Southern Poverty Law Center, which I think are great testaments to his impact in his career.


Good evening friends. Whether third parties can be made signatory in arbitration, we have received lot of messages on that and we thought that if somebody who is well versed and who can explain this topic of late which has caught up the legal minds and otherwise also, we had requested Mr. Hero Adwani, founder and chairman at Vani law, who is himself an authority on international and domestic arbitration law. He happily agreed and the fact that such a topic could be explained by a person who we can say is a legal judiciary or is an institution with himself. We are obliged on behalf of Beyond Law CLC as well as the viewers who are watching us live on the YouTube and on this platform to serve Mr. Hero Adwani to accept our invite. Over to you sir and thank you for accepting our invite. Thank you very much Vikas. Let me just do a slight correction. It was my mistake in the title. It is not, can third parties be made signatories to the arbitration, can third parties be made parties to the arbitration? It would be interesting to start where India has come in arbitration and where we are moving forward and how we where we started from. Originally, one of the most worst features of our arbitration was many of the arbitration clauses would contain a clause whereby one of the parties, usually it being a government party, would appoint their own arbitrators. Sometimes this is their chairman and managing director or sometimes he could nominate one of his employees or anybody close to him. Fortunately, after our amendments in the arbitration act, the Supreme Court took a very strong view in their judgment of Perkins and said it's no longer acceptable and a party cannot appoint its own arbitrator to dominate the proceedings. This was a major, major step forward. Then going on from there, the earliest place of being non-signatories in arbitration took place in France where Dow Chemicals Zurich and Dow Chemicals Europe were signatories to an arbitration agreement with Saint-Gobain and as we know that it's settled law that the arbitration agreement itself is a separate agreement from the remaining part of the agreement. In this case, Dow Chemicals USA and Dow Chemicals France, which were not signatories to the agreement, commence the arbitration and the arbitrators took the view that as Dow Chemicals USA was a parent company of all these companies and as Dow Chemicals France had actually done a lot of the work in the arbitration that even though they were not signatories to the arbitration agreement, they could certainly be parties to the arbitration and commence the arbitration, they successfully succeeded in it and carried on. This then was again tested in England in the earlier case of Peterson Farm. What Peterson Farm was doing was producing chickens, grandfather chickens to another company and that other company was going to breed chickens and give it to various subsidiaries in various parts of England. Those original chickens, the grandfather chickens that were sold were found to be infected and contaminated. So obviously the chickens that they produced were not usable in the market and they could not give them to their subsidiaries or they could not in any way use them. The arbitrators using the example of Dow Chemicals accepted that and they passed an award. The English courts took a very different view. They said this is not going to be possible because the whole idea of having a separate company was that each company could protect itself and it was completely ring fenced so that if they had not signed the arbitration agreement, they could have no liability for the same. This was tested in various courts in England and the classical case was of a Lebanese company, a Buddha gave a franchise to some parties to run restaurants under their name all over England with separate agreements, separate arbitration clauses and they would pay them dues. Ultimately the Lebanese company reorganized itself and called itself COUTS but COUTS were never made a party to the arbitration agreements. Although they carried on the business for a while, they were not a party to the arbitration agreement. So when they commenced the arbitration, based on their speakers in decision, although they had the franchises, the franchises were running successfully making money, they said no arbitration was maintainable because COUTS itself after reorganization had never signed the arbitration agreement. So England has consistently taken this view that each party, if the separate company is completely ring fenced and cannot be made parties to the agreement. This was confirmed in a case called DALA where again this will happen in France and the friend court of Cassation which is the equivalent of our Supreme Court accepted that the government of Pakistan was liable because they had built these small shelters in Saudi Arabia which we had failed and so they were all liable to be paid and the problem is the agreement, although the court which was considering whether it was a valid award or not was the French court of Cassation upheld it. When it sought to be enforced in England, the English court took a completely different view. Seeing the government of Pakistan was not a party to the arbitration, it had some other company that was there which had been dissolved and therefore there could be no liability. So there has been this consistent view of different different countries, particularly in Europe, taking different views of whether third parties can be party to an arbitration or not. In India, our earliest case here was Clorocontrol. Clorocontrol, one forget was an international arbitration, never a number of subsidiaries of Clorocontrol, one of which had the patent, one of which was doing the work, the other was providing another service. So the Indian courts took a view that under section 45 of the arbitration act as they use the words claiming through or under, all the companies could be made a party to the arbitration and so Clorocontrol was the first case in India that took the view that despite what the English courts have taken that they would allow non-signatories to be a party to the arbitration but only an international arbitration. Subsequently, the Indian act was also amended, section eight was also amended to improve the words claiming through or under and therefore even for domestic arbitrations, non-signatories could be a party to the arbitration. Now the theory of making them non-signatories a party to the arbitration is a variety of theories. One is the concept of piercing the corporate veil and if one company is a signatory or another company is assisting in the actual work to be done, then you pierce the corporate veil and make the non-signatory a party to the arbitration. The other theory is one of agency that one is the agent of the other and therefore they can pierce the corporate veil. A third theory is what they call economic reality. The economic reality is that if it's really like one entity then why can't the parent company be dissolved because don't forget in many cases particularly when their business is done in India, a smaller company of a big company, parent company sitting in US or France or wherever is a subsidiary and does these very large contracts and when they do the very large contract, they're probably getting supplies from other countries, they're using patents from other countries, they're getting manpower from other countries, they're getting technology from other countries. So it's really a group effort that is actually carrying out the thing but it's at the dispute and you see the Indian company, sometimes the Indian company is a relatively small company only consisting of a few lakhs or few crores or rupees and cannot withstand an arbitration which several times run into hundreds of millions of dollars because when projects of that size fail, they're very large projects, sometimes they have to be scrapped or sometimes there's a claim that there's a fraud in the patent or the patent already belongs to some other company. For whatever reason if those projects fail they run into hundreds of millions of dollars and quite often the Indian subsidiary can't withstand that. So Clorocontrol has now been consistently followed in India and despite the fact that normally India being a commoner country has followed decisions of the English House of Lords or the English Supreme Court, they've taken a very strong view on this and made non-signatures a party. In fact in one very strong case they even permitted although this party was not a party to the arbitration but during the time of arbitration the defendant company sold off its assets to another company and in this case of Chirin they allowed enforcement against a company that had bought the assets despite the fact that it was not even a party to the arbitration. It had not participated in the arbitration or anything but although those assets had been sold off with a view to defeat the award as and when it came the Indian Supreme Court upheld it and said yes in certain circumstances it can be enforced and even it can be enforced against the non-signature to the arbitration. So India has taken a very different view. The Singapore courts have followed the English view and taken the tradition view that each company the whole idea of having a company is it should be completely ring fenced and therefore no other companies which are not submitted to the arbitration cannot participate with the arbitration cannot be dragged into the arbitration cannot commence arbitration etc. So this is where India has taken a very bold view but more recently there was a judgment before the Supreme Court and Justice Ramana when he just before he retired and Justice Bopana took a view and look we have a certain amount of we have a doubt on this 30 we don't agree with it at all and the reason they said look there's no legal justification for this it's all very well there's an economic justification that the parent company should also be liable for this whole thing but there's no legal justification for it and so this matter went into a five judge bench which we argued and we argued that look for 10 years the law in India has been consistent that non-signatories can in circumstances be a party to the arbitration and it's not a question of economic realities there's a legal justification in either piercing the corporate veil a stop-el and different different legal theories for different different cases agency which can make a non-signatories a party to the arbitration and it's just not economic necessity in fact Justice Suryakant who was sitting the same bench explained the whole thing very well and he took a completely contrary view to the Chief Justice and said no this has been established in India there is no point in upsetting the arbitration in the same whole arbitration system in this manner and yes I can understand that the courts want to review if we are doing and introducing non-signatories very very broadly maybe maybe there's a time to make a narrower test as to when non-signatories can be done but this theory cannot be done and done away so unfortunately this has been heard by a five judge bench in March and although the Supreme Court in India normally and has repeatedly pulled up the other high courts that you must give your decision within six months you cannot keep impending and this decision has been kept pending but there's a reason behind it is the logical reason behind that because there were that very unpopular decision in the Supreme Court where they say if the agreement has not been properly stamped then you cannot proceed for arbitration that agreement has been impounded and go for stamping etc arbitration gone comments there's been a lot of unhappiness with that judgment and that has also gone to five judgment after arguments although the Supreme Court expressed a view and quite a strong view that they think that judgment is wrong as well as in our judgment they think that it's wrong that there should be non-signatories should be a party to the arbitration repeatedly the government counsel on the other side the attorney general solicitor general addition solicitor general have been selling the courts please don't pass any orders they are going to review the arbitration act it's now been nine or ten months and there's been no review of the arbitration act in any manner whatsoever yes there have been committees there have been suggestions number of us a number of us were asked to write suggestions for the amendment the amendment would also bring into being the institutional arbitration because if I don't know some of you read the speech the vice president yesterday said the entire arbitration process is in the grip of retired judges and that should change the idea of change was to bring an institutional arbitration where other apart of retired judges who are qualified in the arbitration field could be appointed as arbitrator etc but unfortunately we've seen the winter session of parliament does not have an arbitration bill on its so we don't know when it will happen there's no uncertainty when it'll happen and the supreme court unfortunately it's held up with hand and not passing judgments in any of these five five judge bench arbitration matters because they keep feeling the arbitration act will be amended and will take care of some of the anomalies so that we can all move forward unfortunately this is not happened and happened in the US they've got a taken a different theory while they accept the English theory that each company the separate entity and therefore should have separate protections if they're not party to the agreement they use the theory of promissory estoppel that if you have acted in a manner that you are party to the arbitration then in those circumstances they will make non-signatory that the party the arbitration on the ground or promissory estoppel but they haven't come out very strongly their their theory is limited only to promissory estoppel it is not limited to economic realities or subsidiaries and parent companies becoming party or piercing the corporate will etc they they've worked on a very very limited theory the Canadian court has now looked at the new york convention and haven't looked at the new york convention they say that new york convention is very clear that arbitration awards must be enforced in reality and whatever steps are required to be taken to enforcement should be done so the Canadian courts have taken a view and now we will accept non-signatories to arbitration on the new york convention they overturn their old law and accepted the new principle of non-signatories will now be a party to the arbitration unfortunately there's a division in the whole world as to which is right and which is wrong and so it for success of your arbitration particularly in international sphere it depends first and foremost which law you choose you choose Indian law and certain non-signatories can be made party to the arbitration if you choose English law it can't be done now if you step back the bigger worry is okay if you choose Indian law that's fine it can be done but if you go for enforcement in certain countries it'll be against their public policy so although you have succeeded in your court you once here in the seated foreign arbitration it's gone up to the supreme court supreme court accepts it then you go for enforcement if you go for enforcement in France no problem if you go for enforcement in England you have a major problem if you have to go for an enforcement in Canada no problem if you have go for enforcement in US maybe maybe not depending on whether there's a promise you stop when involved or otherwise it won't we can't enforce in Canada in Europe you can enforce usually in France Belgium and more and more the civil law countries are permitting enforcement but this is a real problem which in fact requires a global situation it should not be that this is a law in one country and enforceable everything is done as per the law and another country becomes against public policy because there they accept that each company is ring fenced and a separate entity and then it cannot be done this is really a problem that of course the Indian courts have to tackle it so Indian supreme court can tackle it on the Indian basis but we're all waiting for the judgment now eight nine months have gone and no judgment whether the act will be amended when it will be amended we don't know so presently if you were to go to the supreme court and make nonce and because for international arbitration the supreme court appoints the arbitrator you go there and say I want non-signatories to do some benches are saying let's wait for the decision of the court some benches are saying no we'll follow the old law it has not yet been changed and although the bench of justice Ramana and justice Bopanna said we have certain doubts on this it was a three-judge bench so they could out overrule another three-judge bench in any case one of the judges Surya Khan was against it so some some courts are saying let's wait for the judgment some courts are saying we won't wait for the judgment we'll appoint the arbitrator so in the supreme court there's something of a mess for even the appointment of an arbitrator now start to take one year one and a half years so this is something of a quandary which our supreme court should be looking at closely to solve the issue as as quickly as possible what is the answer globally nobody knows because each country is taking its own view and particularly on the issue of public policy if it is if it's Indian law and it's permitted under Indian law and if I'm enforcing it in London then surely Indian law if it's not against Indian law public policy Indian public policy the English court should accept this is not against public policy because it's often enforced in India but once again courts in England or Singapore are starting to take a different view that although it is under Indian law it's not it is against their law and in a matter of principle because the company should be ring-fenced so enforcement becomes a problem this is one of the issues that is going to require a long-term global solution which we hope that will come and in good time but it seems to be taking too long and we don't know when when this will be done with that gentlemen I'm quite happy if you have any questions to answer some of them through the moderator or I'm happy this is the presentation that I wanted to make which is a quandary that a lot of us who are doing international arbitration are facing on a day-to-day basis thank you very much because if there any question that you can see I'm happy to answer any questions if we have no questions thank you to the host and thank you to the audience thank you very much and have a pleasant Sunday evening yes I'm back because can you hear me we can start off hello yeah if there any question I finished if there any question I'm happy to answer if there any questions I'm happy to answer them now because Smitha Sehgal wants to be unmuted good evening sir thank you very much for this informative session I have one very short question so I'll make it very crisp there is an ongoing arbitration which has been filed against an Indian subsidiary of a Turkish company now the Indian this this this this this party is in liquidation but before he went to liquidation when the arbitration commenced we had filed an application for impeachment of a Turkish parent so the party with whom we have contract with is already in arbitration with us we have filed an application for including his parent company for certain very good reasons and some some good documentation also now subsequently this company has gone in liquidation and the arbitrator has put the proceedings in Sinai in this circumstances is there any method by which we can revive or commence the arbitration against the you know foreign parent company the Turkish company is the arbitration seated in India arbitration is seated in India yes certainly you can go to the court immediately and ask them to be joined as a party because the law in India as it stands is that non-secretaries can be made a party so if the if the Turkish company the parent company had actually participated in the activities or been part of the negotiations or in some way was involved yes Indian courts have a right to make him a party and you can carry on the arbitration before against a parent company and concluded in India okay thank you sir thank you


Greta Thunberg, yes, the same 20-year-old girl from Sweden who challenged the world leaders to take action for the climate change mitigation, has now been arrested by the German police for protesting to stop an abundant village called Lutzireth in Germany from being destroyed for the expansion of a coal mine. She was being detained by the police, which later confirmed that she was being released after checking her ID card, but let me tell you something about Greta a little bit more. Greta came into limelight with her How Dare You speech in UN Climate Action Conference on September 23rd, 2019. She has led several movements, the most famous being Friday for the Future, also known as School Strike for Climate Movement. Greta has been diagnosed with Asperger Syndrome, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder ASD. Despite so many challenges, this young lady is fighting against the climate change. What are you doing for the climate? Greta Thunberg, yes, the same 20-year-old girl from Sweden who challenged the world leaders to take action for the climate change mitigation, has now been arrested by the German police for protesting to stop an abundant village called Lutzireth in Germany. Greta Thunberg, yes, the same 20-year-old girl from Sweden who challenged the world leaders to take action for the climate change mitigation, has now been arrested by the German police


How do you train for gravel racing and riding? This is what we'll be discussing today. As always, we'll be looking at some science, but I'll also be getting into some key workouts that I use to get ready for long gravel races. And while this video is gravel focused, the overall training principles that I'll be talking about apply to pretty much any discipline of cycling. Welcome back to another video. It seems like gravel racing and riding is getting more and more popular every single day. I myself have started to make the transition into a full-on gravel racer, and I know that a lot of you are in the same boat. So I thought it was about time that I make a video dedicated to gravel. Oh boy, here we go, a whole video about gravel. If you're new here, get ready for this kid to take up like half the video talking about his frankly creepy obsession with his aero bars. A good place to start would be by analyzing the demands of a typical gravel race. That way we can get a better idea of what we need to work on in training. By the way, you should do this with anything that you're training for. The most popular gravel races right now are what I would classify as ultra endurance events in that they range from 100 to 200 miles or more. Now, of course, there are shorter gravel races and for more time crunch riders, these shorter races may be a better option. And the workouts that I'm gonna go over later in this video can be scaled down to fit the length of gravel race that you're training for. Gravel events are also generally mass start events. At least they used to be and hopefully they'll return that way soon. When I say mass start, I mean that everyone from pros to the last place finisher are all starting in one wave. This makes for some very interesting race tactics, especially because drafting does play a large role in gravel racing. You will likely have to go a bit harder than what would normally be considered optimal pacing to get with a fast group within reason, of course. Interesting, does a 1200 watt attack half a mile into a 100 mile gravel race to start my 99 and a half mile solo breakaway to glory count as within reason? Nope, well, I'll probably just do it anyway and use that as my excuse later. As a result, most gravel races will be positively paced or if you're in it to win it or getting competitive with the riders around you and trying to beat them, parabolically paced. Let me explain. From this review article on describing and understanding pacing strategies, positive pacing means that speed gradually declines throughout the duration of the event. So you're slowing down. Parabolic pacing is when you go harder at the beginning and at the end and slower in the middle. It can follow a U, J or reverse J pattern depending on how hard the start is relative to the finish. If gravel racing was just a long time trial then you would want a more even pacing strategy but it's not. So one of these two pacing strategies is likely inevitable and even preferred to take full advantage of drafting. These two pacing strategies are something that you can train specifically for and I recommend doing that in order to increase your endurance. Speaking of endurance, these races are gonna require a lot of it as they often cover some massive distances but you don't wanna just be able to cover the distance. You wanna be able to cover the distance while putting out good power at a relatively high percentage of your FTP. This is something that will also need to be worked on. You should also take into account the elevation profile of the specific race that you're training for. For example, if you know that there are three main climbs in the race that take roughly 30 minutes each then you're gonna wanna develop your 30 minute power and be able to repeat that multiple times throughout a ride. So we have a good idea of the demands of gravel racing. Now, how do we design our training in order to meet those demands? It's important to note that your training should be changing throughout the course of a year but for the sake of this video, we'll assume that you've already done your off-season training and your base training and now we're getting into specific training right before racing. Generally, during this period, you're gonna want to increase your intensity and reduce your volume to make way for that increased intensity. Research has been done into reducing training load by reducing volume and by reducing intensity and consistently results show that fitness is maintained when volume is reduced. However, when subjects reduced training intensity, more fitness is lost. And this method of reducing volume and increasing intensity will likely work for shorter gravel races. However, for longer gravel events, your training is actually becoming less specific since you're reducing your training volume for a high volume event. We don't want this until the last one or two weeks before the event during the taper. This is why I generally go with the approach of increasing training intensity while maintaining volume for long-distance races. You will sacrifice some training quality for those high-intensity days by doing this but it will be worth it for the extra stamina late in the race. With this in mind, let's lay out a typical training week for a rider who trains about 12 hours a week. Again, this is just an example and you may need to train more or less than this depending on your fitness level and a variety of other factors. And of course, you can adjust this to fit your own personal schedule. You generally want two recovery days in the week. These can either be completely off or you can do an active recovery ride for no longer than an hour. In this example week, we have Monday completely off and Friday as an active recovery day. We then have two high-intensity days in the week. This number is very important and is actually where most riders screw up their training. Studies done on training intensity and duration distribution find that a high-intensity frequency greater than two or occasionally three days a week does not induce further improvements and in fact tend to induce symptoms of overreaching and over-training. For example, this study on Ironman triathletes which found that more time training above the endurance zone actually contributed to slower race times and poorer overall performance. Okay, so we know we want two intensity days in the week but what should these days look like? I usually go with one general high-intensity day and one specific high-intensity day. From this study on specific intensity for peaking, they found that both specific and high-intensity training increased race pace equally and concluded that the combination of both high-intensity training and specific training may lead to a higher training response. The general high-intensity day is usually some form of these three workouts. 30-30s where you ride 30 seconds all out, rest for 30 seconds and repeat. VO2 max intervals which are four or five minutes in length, all out repeated four or five times or eight minute intervals again, all out repeated four or five times. The reason for these specific sessions is because these workouts have been shown to have some of the highest training response in the literature. For the general high-intensity workout in the week, I'm gonna put that on Tuesday since that's gonna be a shorter workout. This brings us to the specific day which I'll put on Saturday because again, when training for this type of event, this day needs to not only be high in intensity but also high in volume. How do we go about doing this? I'll often stack intervals at the beginning and the end of a long ride. Not only does this make for a high-quality long ride but it also mimics the kind of effort that you'll likely have to do on race day. For example, let's take a day when we're working on power at lactate threshold. So intervals done around 95 to 100% of FTP. Generally, during these days, you're looking to get in 30 minutes to an hour of intense work. The fitter you are, the closer you wanna get to that full hour. Typically, you might divide this into three by 10 minutes, four by 12 minutes or three by 20 minutes just as examples with rest periods roughly half as long as the interval period.  For this workout though, you're gonna wanna split it up and do part of the workout at the beginning of the ride and part of the workout at the end of the ride. For example, let's take four by 12 minutes at 95 to 100% of FTP. You may choose to do three of the intervals at the beginning and one at the end or two at the beginning and two at the end or if you're feeling really ambitious, all four at the beginning and then try for a fifth one at the end. Doing these efforts late into the ride when you aren't perfectly fresh will prepare you for doing this on race day. The time spent in between these two interval sections in the workout should just be zone two endurance. Now, it is important to remember that a lot of time during these events is spent between zone two and your FTP. So in order to tailor your training towards the event, you're gonna wanna spend some time in this in between zone. This can be dangerous and you have to do it strategically. Most riders ride all of the time in this in between gray zone and they're never really going easy, which in turn means that they're never really recovered enough to go really hard, which is not optimal training. All right, mister, I wear a heart rate monitor when I take a dump in order to not strain myself above zone two. Most of us live in the real world and have actual friends that we ride with and every stop sign on every ride is a potential sprint point and every slight incline is a point where we could either drop or get dropped. So your methods are really just not that practical. This study on using different training models in train cyclists had subjects complete a six week training plan using different training protocols. One group spent 80% of the time training at endurance zone or below, no time training at sweet spotter tempo and 20% of the time training at or above FTP. The other groups spent 57% of the time at or below endurance, 43% of the time at sweet spotter tempo and no time above FTP. What they found was that the group that did no sweet spotter tempo improved their peak power outputs, lactate threshold, high intensity exercise capacity and 40 KTT time more than the group that spent a significant amount of time at those in between zones just below FTP. And these kinds of results are backed up by multiple reviews looking at many studies coming to the same conclusion. These studies may lead one to believe that sweet spot and tempo should be avoided at all costs and for certain types of racers training for shorter events, I would agree with this. However, if you still load your schedule up with easy zone two riding and use sweet spot and tempo sparingly, you can see great results from it. This is what is referred to as pyramidal training and has been tested in studies like this one that had a group similar to the previous study that completely avoided sweet spot and tempo and then another group that still did the majority of their training at that easier endurance zone at 78% but then spent the remaining time mostly doing sweet spot and tempo work. And what they found was no significant difference between the two groups in competition times. The pyramidal approach is what I would use for ultra endurance races like long gravel races. This means that your tempo and sweet spot days count as one of your two high-intensity days in the week and as such you wanna get the most out of them. Let me show you some examples. Again, we have our high-intensity tempo day on Saturday in this week and on this day we're shooting for an hour and a half of tempo on the low end and potentially as much as three hours on the high end. So for example, this might look like three by 30 minutes at 85 to 90% of FTP or as much as four by 45 minutes at this pace for highly trained riders. This sounds like a lot but remember that on race day you'll need to do even more time at this intensity and if you're not doing it three or four times a week like so many sweet spot coaches suggest then you should be recovered enough to complete the workout. And of course another great way to get in gravel-specific intensity before your A race is to do a less important gravel race in the month leading into that race. If you do this treat this as one of your high-intensity days in the week. That's our intensity for the week. Now what do we do with the rest of the week? Again, current research into training intensity distributions suggests that most of the time 80% or more should be spent below the first ventilatory threshold or endurance zone in order to maximize results. You want the rest of your week to be done at or below zone two or roughly 75% of your FTP. There's no need to do any fancy intervals on these days or make up for riding less hours by riding harder. Just enjoy your nice conversationally paced zone two ride. Not possible dude.  In this example week, that gives us a shorter endurance ride on Wednesday and Thursday and a longer one on Sunday to finish out the week. Finally, if you've been lifting throughout the season and wanna continue into the build season, which I recommend, where should you put your lifting sessions? In this example week, I'd place them on Wednesday and Saturday so that there's enough recovery time between a lifting day and the next high-intensity day.  And there's a number of ways that you can do this. You can reduce the total number of sets that you do when you go into the gym. You can lift just one day a week instead of two times a week or you can reduce the amount of weight that you lift with each set. Two more things to consider when training for gravel racing. First, ride your gravel bike on gravel in training. This seems obvious, but a lot of riders just spend all their time training on the road and then hop into a gravel race. And while gravel isn't as technical as say mountain bike racing, it does take some skill in order to navigate gravel corners, potholes, washboard roads, sand, mud, et cetera at speed. I'd say that in your preparation for a big gravel race, you'll want a minimum of two days per week spent off-road. Also, your nutrition is a very important part of long-distance gravel racing and you don't wanna be trying anything new on race day. You wanna play with your nutrition in training to make sure that it works for you, particularly on those long, high-intensity days. This will also get your gut used to consuming this level of carbohydrates while you're riding, which is important. From this article on training the gut for athletes, it is clear that nutritional training can improve gastric emptying and absorption and likely reduce the chances and or severity of GI problems, thereby improving endurance performance as well as providing a better experience for the athlete. When experimenting with your nutrition, there are two things that you wanna look for, bonking and gut issues. If you're bonking, that means that you're not consuming enough carbohydrates. If you're having gut issues, then it could mean a number of things including how much sodium you're taking in, but it could also mean that you're consuming too much food while you're riding. You wanna consume enough calories so that you don't bonk but not so much that you start to develop GI issues. For more information on cycling nutrition, check out the video that I did on it, linked down in the description below. Thanks for watching. If you enjoyed this video, be sure to give it a like, subscribe for weekly science-based cycling videos just like this one and share this video with your cycling friends. I'll see you in the next one.


Item number SCP-745 Object class Euclid Special Containment Procedures SCP-745's point of origin has been traced to an abandoned stretch of highway in northern New Mexico. The Foundation has purchased the surrounding land, and the highway has been redirected. Lived security are disguised as highway patrol agents, and are tasked with removing trespassers, and capturing any new hunting pairs of SCP-745. Any SCP-745 creatures that are captured, live or dead, are to be loaded into class 3 BCU storage containers to await transport to site 17. Containment procedures to preserve living specimens of SCP-745 are still being researched, and no captured specimen has survived more than a week in captivity. But as there have been no new sightings of SCP-745 outside of its point of origin, this species is presumed to be effectively contained. Requests for access to SCP-745 cadavers are to be forwarded to Dr. Langford directly. Description SCP-745 is a bipedal nocturnal predator. The head is a bloated sack of clear skin that lacks visible sensory organs or a skull. The brain of the creature can be directly observed, and is wrapped in a web of bioluminescent organs below the skin. Skin covering the rest of the body has a deep black coloration. Living specimens of SCP-745 are capable of producing a steady output of 1400-3200 lumens from their head. At night, this effectively obscures the rest of the body and gives the appearance of a floating point of light. When defending itself or communicating with other members of its species, this light has been observed to change color and flash in specific patterns. SCP-745's genetic structure is not carbon-based. SCP-745 almost exclusively hunts in pairs along remote sections of highway. Two specimens are capable of moving at speeds of up to 180 kilometers per hour, in perfect unison, taking the appearance of the headlights on a fast-moving vehicle. SCP-745 targets lone vehicles on the highway, and hunting pairs will attempt to run the driver off the road by pursuing or changing their target. Once their prey swerves off the road or comes to a stop, the pair will separate to directly assault and consume the vehicle's occupants. SCP-745 has not yet been directly observed while feeding, as captured specimens will not eat, and successful attacks have yet to leave any witnesses behind. SCP-745 rarely leaves any remains behind apart from scraps of clothing and shoes. Vehicles recovered after SCP-745 attacks rarely show any signs of forced entry, and are covered with child-like handprints from SCP-745's front paws. Addendum No layers, nests, or young of SCP-745 have been found. SCP-745 had established a wide territory across the southwestern United States, until foundation teams began thinning their numbers in the 1960s, after which all recent SCP-745 sightings have been on the secured patch of land in New Mexico. Reports of phantom lights in other parts of the country have been investigated, with no signs pointing to SCP-745 involvement. Lesson complete. If you missed the previous orientation, go watch SCP-744, assembly required, right now, or for the complete course, watch this playlist.