Fireman saves baby girl, 17 years later he receives an invitation. For fireman Mike Hughes it was a day like any other when he responded to the fire. What he didn't know was that it was the beginning of a series of events that would culminate a full 17 years later. While fighting the blaze on that fateful day, Mike had rushed into the house to save a 9 month old baby that had been trapped in the crib. When we arrived, a large part of the house was already engulfed in flames. I found Danielle curled up in her crib in the bedroom, Mike recalls. Mike discovered that his mother had kept a copy of the newspaper clipping of that day. That was when he thought about the girl and what might have happened to her. He finally decided to reach out and find her.  So I just got on Facebook and looked her name up in presto, there she was, he said. I thought it would be fun to say hi. I was really curious more than anything. Danielle Davison was confused at first when she received a message from Mike on Facebook.  I was just kind of confused at first. I didn't know any of this had happened, she said. Having no memory of the events, her parents had to tell her about it and confirm the details to help her understand and appreciate the heroic actions of that firefighter on that day almost 10 years before. According to Danielle, she had heard bits and pieces of the story about the fire. Until that day she had no idea how big of a part she had played in the story. According to her, knowing that she survived means that she can cope with anything life throws at her. The pair kept in touch for the next seven years.  This was a special, special deal. This is a rare occurrence, the way this situation worked out, Hugh says. Danielle, who recently turned 18, was coming to the end of her high school career. That's when she came up with the idea to honor Mike for saving her life. I thought it would be really nice to have him come to my graduation, she said. I feel like I owe him a lot. It was really cool for her to invite me. For her to acknowledge me and be happy about it, that's just really special, Hugh said. I thought, boy, that's one cool kid. Danielle also feels it's special that someone like that, who saved me, cared enough to check up on her.


Wow, yeah, I swear to God. I'm with it. I don't see nobody in my lane.  Yep Because we do all the classic runs at the moment, so we don't really want to do anything So we'll go to the front of the bike Have a waist here, we're good You're not carrying the waist up at the first, so your leg's in, chest is up, and let's clear Your option Breathe in, take a deep breath, exhale Just some short breaths, but that's better Why are you doing that max? Very much, don't keep your knees to the couch, you know, keep them in space Cool, nice It's like she's, your side doesn't matter, it's fine Right, go to the gap on the toe, they're totally in the foot I don't know why they don't do that Shop at the entrance, shop at Luke's He's right on the toe to get the cap down The edge of the end gets him to the cap, perfect Yep, it's half a quarter inches to go, nice So I'll truss it inside Nice pinch on the back, leave that on the sides, please Make Luke too, tight core, keep your core in tight for a time Try to bring him out as close as you can, Luke So it's nice and far away from your body Yeah, yeah, yeah, yeah Better, yeah You get what I mean? Yeah, we should have thick down arms Good, those are even better if that's the rear Back down the body, try and hamstring your calf So remember to sit out, yeah, just off the side Turn, align your hips, very good, very good Glutes and hamstrings are tight and squeeze Okay, seat the base, you can do your pull here Does that look good? Yeah, it's good, you've got the base here, like it You've got your step out, turn in like you just did Yep, sit on the calves, sit on the hands and the boots Thrust forward to engage them And then that come up for the pull there Yep, and then you're going to go back the whole way So sit on those glutes and hands then Especially if the one with the thoughts back Then sit on that seated stomach Yep, you walk it in, don't forget about the bottom of that lower body Sit, turn, hips in place, good Keep the chest up and roll your arms Yep, just roll through a little bit There's a lot of thinking, lots of thinking Yeah, you're doing it Okay, face the front and it's done Catch breath, you're going to walk the pose And do that most muscle Try this, do this like that Hang the line there, most muscle gets Good, and catch your breath from there We are looking there, yeah, we're looking lean as well Yeah, you've got a lot of surprises here The weight set that looks like you've dropped Definitely under 90 now, I think Just 89.5 or something like that Yeah I think, yeah, this week's been pretty good Yeah, we're needing that, you know If we're getting another three weeks of this We should be pretty sharp, you know Now, what class are we going to come off? To be honest, mate, I'm going back and forth Between all three at the moment I want to do the one that I'm most successful at To be fair Right, class that could be really good for you Yeah, but the end, the end, the ends Is equal to be there, either for your For your upper body That's the default, like let's say the legs didn't come in And I was looking pretty soft Then I'll just put the ball choice and I'll do the ends Is equal Yeah, my fashion should do it I'll do it anyway, yeah Because you have the size and your legs Yeah So, what I think is When I'm there, you know You have a really nice body When I'm in this position Yeah, it's there Possibly So what I reckon, what I reckon When you look at this Well, I mean, you could even do a three But, I mean, you can find more two classes What are your thoughts on that? Well, like I said The default, if I'm just too soft to jump in Bodybuilding would be men's physique But I love doing all those bodybuilding poses Yeah You know, just like that So let's go about it Let's just do this What's the posing routine The situation with bodybuilding? Do you have to have one? Yeah, 60 seconds I haven't done that yet So that's a bit of a thought It's just, we're in the group Yeah, exactly So just when you go out for your event What do you do in the first four? Is that a separate pose routine? Pose routine is a routine So you have your music And you get something out of this Sort of a dance, really You know what I mean So you can come out And you do those poses Just on the stage So the more you're on the stage The more you walk off You know what I mean It's only 60 seconds So by the time you're out here You know, you've got a lot of 10 seconds You know You do all these poses With the other guys in your class You know, these four teams It's going to be so much fun Yeah So I reckon we do bodybuilding Since you're in the gym now We also run We do music alongside You know And get all the really good Yeah I think that's what we do We just have to do it fast Yeah That's all good Because your legs will come in And then I mean I think You've got a lot of shot here With the music Because you're in there You've got a lot of bodies Looking really good It's been 8am and 12am I started the diet Yeah So it's about 96kg Slow But I had like A few months off the gym At that point So my muscle mass was down So slowly but surely Over the last 17 weeks or so Yeah We've got to this point So yeah It's been good We're going to do some pitching Yeah Cool So We're going to get out of here On time for once Yeah Now that's alright That must be a Story of your life I've always done it Trying to keep on time But you know Yeah Just trying to keep it clean On time for once Okay I don't know Because I'm going to have to Just chuck this on the foot Not here Should we do the last one? No So this is We are working a lot with the floor Yeah So I can show you the other ones That I'll be able to do this in here Do we know your weight though? I'm going to get that Yes, I can walk your body fit In here With this No That's alright Just put those A vision of the sun And we'll shoot across the road Yeah And just keep the weight We're going to keep up The body fit Yeah So Cool Is that what you call me?


We got a wager right now Mud wager some guy in the stream called me out or just wants to play we want to see Got the new moss got the new Dion Not setting up my defense because I'm talking to y'all He called a timeout, which is an amateur move Never will I ever call a timeout in the beginning of game like that, you know Dion Sanders back there there when they're on put Amos in a slot Ron Parker plays linebacker Hopefully this guy doesn't come out in two tight ends, which he might but you know Be alright Ron Parker good shit Amos night train lane put Dion at free safety three tight ends or in the dollar schemes He's probably running toss here Gotta stop Inside zone I have miles One user there with James. I take that run away. Give me that kid.  Why? Why are we bad? As much as I hate to run if you're running from 10 plus yards every play run the ball I know he could block like that. Damn. I could have been a touchdown to be on saying this Gotta have been on a team man. It's just wasting time Yeah, I got Ricky now. I got Ricky now my kids want to do it up to more soap That's my fault. That's my fault. Yeah, I didn't think he'd I didn't think he'd even come close to getting through there Am I tight in my tackle? My time from the snap of the ball. I didn't think there was no chance He got through there like that, but my tackle just dumbed out and The rest is history boys. Oh Vic had him. Come on. Am I really in bag by this goofy? Yeah, I didn't think you I didn't think you'd get through there. That's completely utterly my fault Whoa, Randy got to come down with that for me. Come on kid Look at that. I Mean, it's a reason why I'm a pro and then there's reasons why I'm a pro Almost one play to run underneath here. I really want to play to run more I want to play the past because he's like gotta run right now, but I'm still one player pass because that's what I do I'm also over here my train Oh And I got a whole seven points check why did I get a seven points because of the punt Not cuz he do a pick well obviously cuz he do a pick But I got the point I got the seven points because he was back up against the goal line He got scared Kolo Mac does what Kolo Mac does made his heart skip and he's just panic press the button because of the punt Let's tell y'all now because of the point Coffee corners specialist. So he's doing two passes two picks two runs 15 plus yards Now I'm not in me. I'm not Vince Lombardi, but I tell you what I'm coming out here I'm running the ball the first play chat. What are you guys doing? It's what I want to know. I'm that's why I'm on the safety tool. I ain't getting around. I'm not trying not to Always fun.  I mean Greedy kid take what you got Take what you got kid. You're in the big leagues, buddy Take what you got and when I say that's why they watch that's why they watch Link below twitch if you're not watching this live if you're not watching this live, you're missing out journey man Skimbo still in the chat mind you I text skimbo. That was America's we want to play squads This was four hours ago. Not a little bit early But we could have been in the Super Bowl and squads right now Just people aren't committed. That's why it's hard to find to be a team team player Cleft man, you committed. I need some teammates that's committed man Not skimbo. I'm dead. He ain't even tired. He watching that cuz I know how I get he watching man wanting to play man Run that play again.  I'm tell you I'm cool with the 35 34 caps slaying slag Yep, night train who night train choo choo Choo choo. You guys are all the way sleep if you're not using a night train Chair I'm trying to tell you man, and I'm committed Can't nobody tell me I'm not committed. I'm committed whether y'all want to play 2k y'all want to play you mean squads on mutt I'm committed. I'm here You know saying people like skimbo. They they say they talk to the game, but they were not really committed No, we said to me today. She was said to me today Hey, Cleft man when you put when you put 200 cap when you do the ends. I mean, they got a fight sometimes, right? It's gonna set me up. So I sold my squads team for a guitar captain. I said, bro, what I Think being I got him. This was skimbo do I got just my speed mismatch. Good job, Tyreek No, he's using that linebacker. I know he's not blitzing out there. I'm gonna just spotlight that guy Mr.. That's the best thing since I've ever played Like what is going on right now that was max protect. Let's try to hit moss here boys We're gonna run a little more Merry Christmas with them. Yeah, I got the new Vic. I got the new moss See where he's using because if he uses the app user in that garden, okay So I'm not gonna get screamed at by him Let's spot like this guy again. He's kind of killing me. There's a little one back here. He's got blitzing But now we got him blocked up You just man up Dion Sanders I told you that was an option Finally use the color kids using I don't have any red cams on Vic. I'm playing sour cap. I don't need the red cams on this mold I wish there was a mold I wish I'm saying to you guys right now, but I mean goddamn. That's like, what is that? Why am I getting why is CJ moses screaming at me? This guy has the best defense ever.  I feel like they were about to block them and just know I'm good Cuz cuz honestly, I don't have a lot of plays right I don't use conductor because I have a lot of plays where I don't do three hot routes And I'm normally take a long time with the line of scrimmage. Anyway, I'm off time boys I can't lie.   I'll tell you guys right now, man You can be in any man game if you don't turn the ball over For example, my man has sacked me about seven times already But he's on two-pick sixes. So this game's over. I Can pretty much just keep drinking my beer chill have a good time and this games over, you know I'm not mad that YouTube viewers you guys are watching this right now because the worst part is Throw that corner out there I tell you, I'm on these corner routes chat I'm on him. Nobody plays shrimp fight and it's good. Nobody plays nobody's click on as good as me I'm actually gonna leave this run insides on now. He ain't like the way that's just always not Throw it.  No, night train is all that night train is all that Don't be fooled by night train track. He's all that Eat boys eat. That's a lot of cap And a lot of goons right there boys Oh Max protect No, if the Vikings win the Eagles are out, so we need the Vikings to lose boys. So go Bears bear down I should get some bears jerseys for the weekend. I have 80 cap clowny Clef right now. I have 80 cap clowny like 60 and I have the highest Mac and the highest clown So I can do things like that.  All I have to guard. I know this shitty formation There's nothing I got a guard but a crossing route to the right side and it's the play-action play You can have them all underneath. It's not an option. There we go. Cool Mac Just terrible pocket by him allowing him to get sacked Here we go two minutes 30 seconds left. He doesn't have his time.  The new Randy Moss Powered up Tyreek Hill of Dion Sanders at Byron receiver right now man Clef man, I don't know who you got on your team, but you need RANDY. Randy and Dion Sanders man must have I think these are my three Byron receivers all year boys But there's two clock on man A lot of people getting ready for club series club series is coming up this month man All these people that are still in club series got to get the team together, man And I'm just trying to play the game give them somebody to watch give them some tips to who do you want to have with a team, man No, I don't think the culture team nobody wants to play though. I think he might sneak a little cover too in here We're gonna flip we're gonna look to go to Randy Moss right here on this this seam route right here Well, we got him Michael skim bar you in the chat So I doubt after seeing that I doubt he goes to cover two But I'm gonna do I'm just run the ball try to get this this third and two on the ground I'm mad at that overthrow from Vic, but It's just amazing on stick amazing run stick by dub dub dub beef Madden pro Like I mean you you just don't see stuff like that I don't know who you guys are watching on YouTube or switch or where you're watching it But you don't see stuff like that from an average player W want to read buddy? I mean you can get your read buddy So on you buddy, that's the tap tap tap tap them out What's crazy is most of y'all that are watching this video and most of y'all are in the chat Y'all are too young for the Adam Sandler happy Gilmore reference Listen if you remember Adam Sandler happy Gilmore reference I want you to comment below and I want you to type in the chat Cuz the tap tap tap it in Tap it in You know he tapped out Adam Sandler had to tap it in so That's all I'm saying. I mean You're done. You tapping out. Is that it? That's it. You know I want to read tap tap tap a room And I was thinking today chat and comment section And YouTube I'll tell you this. Um, I Was thinking today Kevin Hart or Adam Sandler like all the time like Cuz they had Adam Sandler was at the Nick game. I was watching Nick. It's Christmas by the way for the YouTube I was watching the Nick game Adam Sandler was I was thinking man Adam Sandler has classic movies and Kevin Hart. He don't have that like classic movie, you know I was thinking about who's made more money and Things like that. I mean obviously I'm filled up in with big Kevin Hart guy And I'm a as a 31 year old I'm a huge Adam Sandler guy because he was it when I was a kid. You know what I mean? Like RVW concern you said something in when you're ready You know what I mean? I see Adam Sandler to me man. He was all that like In this world tell you man He got classic like happy your more is a classic Big daddy is a classic movie dude. Like you can't tell me big daddy now one of the best Movies from like a comedian just a straight comedian movie. That's all that man Yeah, yeah, I think Sandler got the best like he got the best movies over Kevin Hart. That's what I'm saying, you know But that's just my My opinion, you know, that's all I mean, I'm obviously big Kevin Hart fan chat Let me know.     He went and got his bag. He's doing everything he can to get his money really pretty much Chuck and Larry was funny for sure BW done that was for 50 K Let's try and play people in chat, you know, they want to gamble a little or they coins, you know, that's all Longest y'all long as y'all was different though. That was it wasn't like an Adam Sandler movie All right be double every cent man. We're on YouTube man People don't have time that we go talk about his Adam Sandler Kevin Hart type thing all the time No, I love Calvin Kevin Hart hilarious but I definitely uh, I don't know why they owe you money initiated Like I said YouTube man, if you don't check this out, you can go ahead and hit the Hit the link below to check out my twitch. You go watch all these games live We stream all the time man. So please let me know in the chat below who you like you like Kevin Hart Are you like Adam Sandler? also Which movie do like most combining both of those comedians which one do like the most what is Adam Sandler's best movie and what's Kevin Hart best movie honestly cuz Like what what chat I'm gonna ask y'all again, what's Kevin Hart's best What's Kevin Hart's best movie? That's what some things I like to think about too. Like what's his best movie? I'm gonna ask y'all that Cuz well, I think Kevin Hart's funniest ass movie is prior earlier one like a older older one Kevin Hart wise No, I'm not talking about like the stand-up. I'm not talking about the stand-up ones You get her it's pretty funny so playing. Yeah, right along. Yeah, the first ride along. Yeah, that's it's funny black hammer Black hammer bruh, that's it Black hammer right along pride definitely it so playing was funny.  I feel like the rock and Kevin Hart got seven movies Now a ride along pride is his best man So who you like and beefing who you like if you don't like Kevin Hart Adam Sandler the trash like damn Oh, yeah, Adam Sandler movies definitely better than Kevin Hart Adam Sandler got classic movies For real for real But anyway, like I said YouTube, I'm gonna cut this one this man He take it forever to send the game. I will upload the next game I'll play versus him. I know that game was a blowout. He played good defense But you know, he do pick sixes and when you're playing a great player like myself Can't throw pick sixes and below. I want you guys to comment man Adam Sandler Kevin Hart also, which is the best movie between both of them. Let me know Comment below and we're out of here


Country Director, Global Peace Nigeria, and Chairman Khan Kaduna State, Reverend Joseph Hayab, has appealed to insurgents, bandits and kidnappers to shoot their sword and embrace peace for the interests of the country. Joseph Hayab made a call during the 2021 International Peace Day Walk and lecture, organized by Course 3, PhD, Peace and Conflict Studies, Nasarawa State University, Kefi, on Tuesday. There is strength in diversity, but over time we find people who are trying to manipulate. And I'm using that manipulation in a very classic sense. What they think is just manipulating. The referendum can be misled, the above can be misled. There is no problem. I didn't decide to be outside of open. But you find that simply because of economic and political agenda. So we did stop taking into dividing our people and causing a lot of crisis for us. As we mark this International Peace Day, let's not just talk about it with our mouth. Let's take proactive action to see that peace return to Nigeria, that all this killing stops. Government, we know that have the capability to address insecurity. Please live to your responsibility.  Anybody who shits innocent blood, anybody who kills another Nigeria must not go scot-free. We want peace and we want to dialogue to find peace. But there must be justice in handling peace matters. It will be foolhardy to fold our arms and say, because of banditry we will not try. We will have to give it, we will continue to try. We will not give the enemies of the state the free ride they want. Call them bandits, call them any name. Our concern here is to say that there is no alternative to peace. We will continue to strive for peace. We will gather the stakeholders, we will continue to dialogue and do all that will help us attain and achieve this peace in our country. Joining us live to discuss World Peace Day is Ijeoma Pearl Okoro, past District Rotary International District 9141. Hello Ijeoma. Good evening my dear, good evening. Good evening ma'am. I'm at the World Peace Day. Same to you, how are you? I'm trying thank you, good to see you on a peaceful day like this. Thank you. So how can we get Nigeria back on the track of peace? My dear, it's all inclusiveness. The guy marching on the street did say the quest to have a peace with Nigeria is actually not a task that should be left to government alone. It requires inclusiveness. It requires a participation of all stakeholders. And that is why in Rotary International we strive to ensure that all the activities and projects that we do actually tend towards maintaining peace and order in our society. Rotary carries out projects and interventions that actually address the ills in the society. We do that through about four different ways through our members whose daily projects and services whether we are doing projects on maternal and child care whether we are actually creating sustainability for the environment or even whether we are promoting literacy it's all geared towards ensuring that people live together. People have a peaceful coexistence. I mean through the Rotary Peace Centers that trains over 1,300 people annually, about 100 people but I mean it's all about 1,300 people in the world. We try to ensure that we keep professionals scattered all over the country all over the world who actually gather together in peace centers and are trained to at the end of their fellowship programs they go back to the environment to actually continue the peace making moves. Yeah, Nigerians are just staying with that first question on how to bring Nigeria back to the track of peace. Nigerians are presently generally discouraged. How can our leaders revive the Nigerian spirit of brotherhood? First of all, for us here, what Nigerians, what the citizens of Nigeria what they require is a self-belonging. We are living in a situation where almost a lot of people have actually lost hope. They are actually not sure of what tomorrow will bring. They are living in a world of uncertainty, breakout of law and order and things that are actually extraordinary happen. So for us the government actually needs to reassure through the activities of government to ensure the citizenry that there is hope that whatever that is not going on well can actually be re-arranged. People need to trust themselves. They need to trust the government. They need to trust the environment. It's an all-inclusive thing, like I said earlier. It's not just the government that is going to help us to get there. Every one of us need to be part of it. But what we require is trust. When it's a situation where it looks as if most people have lost trust in our system and once that trust is re-established, there is proper dialogue. There is proper communication between people and people believing in government and government believes in them. Then the idea of restoring peace to this mission will become a reality. Is equity still possible in Nigeria? You think how can it be achieved? Oh yes. I talked about inclusiveness. Equity is still possible. A situation where people feel some are included and some are not included. Some are favored and some are not favored. It is a thing of the mind. We need to begin to do things that show that all of us belong to the same one Nigeria. We all have equal rights. We have equal rights, access to water, access to food, access to good governance, access to proper security and all that. It's all inclusive. It all borders in inclusiveness. Once everybody is involved and everybody is meant to feel alike, to feel the same, to feel that what matters in the north matters in the east and what matters in the west also matters in the south. Then we can all come to a proper round table and begin to correct the things that are wrong in our society. Everybody needs to get involved. We need to reenact the peace, the trust that was shared as an issue. Well, we look forward to that day when Nigeria will become truly one like it used to be. It definitely will become one. It definitely will and it requires each and every one of us to make it happen. And I'm committed to it. Same way, Ruth is committed to it. And I'm sure my dear, you're committed to it too. Oh, I am. Thank you so much, Ijama Pearl Okoro. You are the past District Rotary International District 9141. Yeah, thank you. Thank you so much for your time.


Lead-free parafskite nanocrystals, NCs, such as CS3C2I5, can be used as highly sensitive and efficient scintillators due to their unique properties. These NCs emit bright blue light when exposed to X-rays, making them ideal for use in X-ray imaging applications. Additionally, they do not suffer from self-absorption, meaning that they produce more light than other scintillator materials. This makes them ideal for large area and flexible X-ray imaging. This article was authored by Lin Yuan-Lian, Mo Yan-Jing, Weizhuazhang, and others.


Well, maybe you've seen it in the Olympics and now you could see it in person. Because the U-18 curling national championships are set to take center ice, but mid-year later this week, boys and girls teams from all over the country will battle it out for a gold medal. Even though rocks have been sliding for years, the U-18 level is still very new. In only its second year as part of the USCA, it's sweeping its way to the curling capital of the United States. Minnesota has always been some of the toughest curling. It's set out there to make it out of Minnesota is to make it out of the national turf. From Wednesday to Sunday, the national championships will take over the Bemidji Curling Club, a place known for success. You look on the one side of the club and we have state champions. You go to the other side of the club, we've got national champions and we even have Olympic, if not world champions. The field of teams ranges from Oregon to Massachusetts to all over the Midwest, but the event in a way brings together the curling family. It would be really cool to have just the 12 different teams from around the nation coming. It's very nice to, a lot of these teams have played against them before, so it's kind of like a curling family that you have. Of the 24 teams, four consist of Bemidji athletes, two boys and two girls who are excited to show off the level of competition to the area. I think it's really great for the community to open them up to competitive curling, not so much just league and all that other stuff, but I think it's really great advantage for us. It's really nice because you'll have more spectators to come. It's also nice to have home field advantage, knowing the ice a little better and the rocks how they run. One of the Bemidji teams even features the 2017 U18 gold medalist as Leah Yovaro gets to defend her title on home ice. It gives me a little extra confidence. It also gives me a little bit of pressure, knowing that hoping to succeed that well again this year, but I think there's quite a bit of confidence going into it. But when it's all said and done, every team has their eyes on the prize. Our goal is to take home gold. Making the playoffs and then from there on, a couple more and we'll win the whole thing. So here's a look at the schedule starting Wednesday. Practice is the first couple of days. Opening ceremonies Wednesday night, then pool play begins Thursday to Saturday. The semis and finals taking place Sunday morning and afternoon. All fans are welcome for more information. You can find on the website U18 nationals2018.com. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland news, please consider making a tax deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Taylor Watson can, and then there's one more person on. Can you announce yourself? This is Hippie Hacker. Hey, Hippie. Hey, Chris. And then I think we also have Lucina connecting from the Volk thing, which is confusing. Hi, I'll rename her. No, I don't care. But since a lot of you are contractors for the CNCF, then I definitely think we can get a supermajority vote for whatever I want to ram through. I mean, basically, I'd love to just get 10 or 15 minutes of your time can to think about that reference architecture. And I'll go ahead and lay my cards on the table ahead of time, which is I'd really rather not make significant changes to it. I think the documents work great. I think the landscapes working great. I don't, by any means, mean to claim, oh, this is like obviously the correct reference architecture and should never be changed. But it's just not clear to me that some meaningful amount of work is going to move things around. And then suddenly everybody's going to say, oh, now it's clearer. Right. No, I agree. Okay, well, my ideal then I guess would be to just try and reach consensus on a few of the kind of noisier categories that sort of have too much junk shoved together in them and maybe look at breaking them out. But otherwise not making a ton of changes. But if there's sort of things that you feel are broken and you want to go back and fix now, this would definitely be the time to do it. No, I didn't think there's anything really broken. I think some groupings might help clear things up a little bit. Yeah, we should definitely have that be one of our first action items then to do that. I think we could probably...  I can pull it up real quick. Let me just paste it into Zoom here in case if you don't. But I would love to just sort of get your initial reactions what some of the things are that you think are confusing. I just click on the current version from get, right? Yeah, exactly. Are you there? Do you have it loaded? Looking at it. Okay. So, yeah. Let me go ahead and just again, sort of put my cards on the table. And I'm specifically focused around what are the biggest categories? Because it's something like, I don't know, container registries has a bunch of stuff in it, but they're all container registries. It doesn't seem to me like it needs a bunch of work on it. But so like a few ones like database and data warehouse is really big, but there's not an obvious breakup to me. There's not, it's not like clear that you can just say, oh, well let's do sequel versus no sequel or let's do clustered versus non-clustered. But there's so many sort of grays in there that I think that category probably needs to stay relatively close to where it is. The one that Chris is eager to add is he has a new category he wants to do on chaos engineering. And you know, we're looking to start this working group around it if we get the, that needs to get scheduled for a TFC vote. And I'm, I argued to him that that would be a natural thing to put under the observability and analysis because the chaos engineering tends to go across all the other categories. So that would be one new one. And then as I think in my email my sort of biggest complaint or unhappiness right now is with service management with the title secure images because I don't think that's quite describes what it is. And then with the three categories at the bottom left host management, tooling, infrastructure automation and private cloud all seem a little, those don't seem like the right three groupings for you. I agree. Nope, those are the areas I was looking at as well. Okay. I guess maybe we could start on the service management. So we had that email exchange and I suggested breaking out RPC as being a separate category. I'm curious if you feel like RPC remote procedure calls would go under orchestration and management or did they belong up in app definition and development? Yeah, I was thinking orchestration and management but now that you mentioned app definition and development I could see what RPC would be beneficial. What's strange about it is that people use RPC both for their application and it's a functionality built into Docker and Kubernetes and lots of other stuff. Right. And again, I don't mean to imply there's any magic here in those. It's something we definitely try to figure out, right? So RPC definitely fits somewhere. It's a question of where and which of those would you pull out into the RPC category? So the it's Apache Thrift, Avro, GRPC and Netflix Riven are the four RPC projects as far as I can tell. I sent an email, oh, it's 12 days ago. Yeah, I saw it. I remember looking at it. How to reorganize service management. And what I pointed out is that there's a group of ones that are sort of traditional load balancers. So this is sort of one of my many questions which is, is a load balance different than a service mesh? Right, and do we call our proxies differently than load balancers? Yeah, I mean, I see proxies as load balancers but service meshes are both service meshes and load balancers. Right, I mean, I just, yeah. Can you give me just one second for me? And Lucien, I don't know if you could, I'll be right back actually. Okay. Okay. I was looking for CNCF, reference architecture, mailing list and how to reorganize. I just pasted it into the chat window. So the RPC seems separate enough. And I guess I would kind of make the argument for the API gateways that those four, the open service broker API doesn't really belong there as Chip pointed out, but that those four are all API gateways, which is like a real category. I don't know, I guess I might be up for just keeping service mesh and load balancer separate. And I mean, the argument of combining them is that people are probably only gonna choose one from that whole group.  And then we still have these last, there's now gonna be four and other, which is open policy agent, reactive interaction gateways stolen and the open service broker API. I think this makes a lot of sense. When I saw this email, I thought it made perfect sense. Great. Okay. So then I might just call other. Do we wanna have like a policy? Term. Do we wanna have like a policy category? You know what, the only thing in the others, I'm not happy with this OPA because I kind of feel like OPA and this whole field of policy might become a lot more critical. Oh, I'm totally happy with it being, my rule has sort of been, I think the smallest category we have right now is four, which is source code management. So I've sort of been hesitant to create a category with just one thing in it. But changing subject a little, if you go down to key management and to secure images, those aren't, some of those are semi-policy related. I haven't, I mean, Grafayus is maybe the closest one to it.  And then, you know, I'm totally open to splitting up security or calling it, you know, breaking it out more in the future. Right. What do you think? I think that makes perfect sense. Okay. I just need to make a couple of notes here as we're going along. Grafayus. So my takeaway here, Ken, is that any thing that we change will generate criticism from someone. And also not changing anything will generate criticism from someone. But my suggestion is that we go ahead and go forward with these changes. And then when people complain, we ask them to come back to the mailing list. Exactly. And propose an alternative. And I mean, we're just, we're literally trying to publish a new version of this every month. So we're just not that locked in to any of these decisions. And I mean, I know some people feel this way, but I just don't see the categorization or taxonomy question as being life or death. I don't either. Okay. So if we moved OPA down, I guess, are you familiar with either the stolen or the reactive interaction gateway and where those might go? I'm looking them up right now. Yes. I was thinking about those as well. And I do not know if they would see if I can figure out where they would go. Yeah. The stolen is cloud native Postgres QL, high availability. I'm going to just throw that one over in the, well, no, I was going to say the database one. Database one, yeah. Cause that's where Rook is. Yeah, it goes with Rook. And then the last one, yeah, was the reactive interaction gateway. And I think that can just go in the service mesh one. Yeah. I think it's essentially an API for service mesh. Okay. So that actually solves it. I mean, I'm going to do an email and announce that change. Oh, sorry. And then the last one that's tricky is the open service broker API. And we've been looking at that as like a, Shall I go ahead? No, it's not very helpful here. He says open service broker API isn't an API gateway. I was going to suggest service discovery, but it doesn't do runtime service discovery or even touch data path. Looking at the other categories, it feels like other may be the best option that or service catalog becomes a category. See, everybody always wants their own category because everyone's a snowflake. Every project is a snowflake. No, I'll special. I, okay. How about if we throw it in application definition and image build because it's a way of defining applications. Yep. Great. And integration to applications. Yeah. And actually now that I look, it's already there. So we're not, no, no, that's open API. Sorry, that's different. Helm is very simple. It has some similar capabilities to open service broker API too. Okay. So this is utterly fantastic. So I'm going to go ahead and, yeah, announce this to the list and see how much pushback we get and then try and have it in the next and then look at pushing it on the next version. Well, I have you for a few more minutes though and also for the, for the bulk and other folks on the call, I'd love for you to look down at the host management tooling, infrastructure automation and private cloud. So the host management slash tooling, isn't that really just config management? That's how it's normally described with the caps of chef-answerable puppets, salt stack. Right. But the question is, isn't Bosch sort of the same thing, isn't AWS cloud permission the same thing? Yeah, I don't know if this one is. Somebody doesn't care for them the same thing. They separate them, you know? Yeah. So I mean, I guess I would throw out the idea of coming up with some general category for all of them and then smushing together both of these and the private cloud ones underneath. And I guess you could say like automation and configuration, right? Automation and configuration sold. I'm not sure if we really need, I was, I was, I'd forgotten when we added cloud to this I don't know if we really need like cloud in here. The fact that the public cloud is here. Yeah, public and private in there. I'm not sure if we really. Well, the private ones, I'm arguing, all belong up in the same category. So I'm suggesting that we just eliminate the private cloud or merge it in. The public cloud, bluntly, is just a soft to our members. Right. They really like to move all the, I think it's, five out of private and move them up to the new category above. I think that would be perfect. Great. Then, okay, well, that's actually spectacular. So I'm going to go ahead. It's like open stack, but that's just because it's open stack. Yeah. To be honest, it sort of does. I mean, you can actually install open stack and then put Kubernetes on top of it. It's such pain. You'll want to shoot yourself in the head, but it is an actual option you could, you could go do. Okay, so. I like that. That makes it a lot cleaner. So I think we could actually stop there. I don't think I have any other ones that I'm particularly eager to change right now. And like the serverless work, the serverless one we just redid a month or two ago and people there seem relatively happy with it. Yeah, they were. So I would love to be able to just move this to the mailing list and go forward with it.  Taylor, Chris, do you guys want to interject anything here? The only thing that comes to mind, I remember when a company package cloud reached out, there were kind of the managed binaries and all this other crazy stuff and we said no to them. I don't remember that, to be honest. Let me just see if I can find their issue. We're up to. I'm just trying to remember all the people that we said, said no to 720. Yeah, 721 issues now. So I have trouble. Remembering everyone. Taylor's clients and compliance management is interesting too. Yeah. Okay, but be more specific now, Chris. So if we had a compliance, we could move. So remember we're going to rename secure images to security. Yeah. And so then Grafayus gets better there. Yeah. And I mean, we're just somewhat arbitrarily splitting out key management from security on the theory that there's enough key management projects to deserve its own category. And I'm kind of fine with the idea that we can keep splitting out new things out of, out of security over time. But I'm sorry. And then we're moving open policy agent down into security. But are there other changes you'd like to see? And Chris, you heard earlier that we talked about putting chaos underneath tracing underneath. Yeah. Okay. And the observing analysis. Yeah, I'm more open to that now. It makes sense because it spans network storage, blah, blah, blah. So yeah. Exactly. Yeah. I mean, the one that I'd love to keep coming back to is, are there existing categories we can split up in an intelligent way into subcategories? But I'm not immediately seeing one. Like the database one is huge now, but there's just not an obvious split in it. And the streaming one is big. CICD is a bit of a mess. Yeah. So, can you please give us your official pronouncement on the RPC question where we're going to have Apache Thrift, Avro, RPC and Netflix ribbon. Should it go on the app definition development? Um, row or on the orchestration and management row? I'm still thinking orchestration and management, but I'm willing to have my opinion changed. That's great. I don't agree. Yeah. I just don't think there's anything magic about it. Chris, do you have a view? I'd leave it for it where it is now. Great. Okay. Well, I'm going to write up this right now before I forget it all and send it to the list and give it a week or more to percolate. But this is actually everything I was hoping to accomplish with this working group. And so I'd really just, or it's not even a working group. This mailing list. So I'd really like to just keep it open and allow people to come back and complain and say how we're doing it all wrong and need to, to move it around. But, um, we can even see if we need to do, if we have enough new stuff piled up to do this call next month. Sure. I might take a tour. We'll get some of these other categories. And if we want to try to break them down to your, you know, to your point, some of the categories that have a lot in them, there's any way we can segment them into, you know, not one or two, but, you know, if we have a grouping of like four or five, we can group into a certain subcategory, which we can take a look at that. Yeah. Sure. But it's often not the end of the world to have a big category. Um, I mean, I do think the. It works. Okay. So let me try again. Taylor Watson, Chris. So the only one that I was saying was at some type of compliance category where you could put OPA and, um, all the other ones, I listed a few open what else besides OPA open SCAP, the Oracle policy automation, which is under key management, um, could be moved under a compliance area and sort of keep. It's, it's a compliance type of thing as their, their bigger deal turned enforcement.  That could be moved from secure images to a compliance. Those four. Um, I haven't gone through all of them. Yeah. Well, but we're going to rename secure images to security. And so then the question is just, is it worth splitting out a compliance from security? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Well, but we're going to rename secure images to security. So then the question is just, is it worth splitting out a compliance from security? And also if we do call it security, Oracle policy also does key management, right? I believe so. Okay. So you're saying OPA, um, open SCAP, OPA, black duck, black duck Oracle policy. I'm sure there's others under there. I'd need to go through and. Yeah. And core maybe also potentially fits there because they do, they're registry plus policies. I would think of, um, compliance as. A compliment to security versus security. So like chef, you can. Yeah. That's a configuration compliance thing, which is. Yeah. What's left in here after we, we pull out all the compliance ones. So notary and tough aren't compliance. Um, Twist lock is, is image scanning. And so is Claire. And so is Aqua. Okay. I think I'm going to need to go do some research to, uh, To follow up on that one, but it's a fair question. Um, And then potentially the service management, there may be some stuff to break out. Uh, So we could potentially have something that's if someone's just looking at protocols for integrating between. Yeah. We're going to create a new category called RPC. Okay. You might have missed that where it's going to be a patchy thrift, Avro, GRPC and Netflix. I did. I missed that. Okay. RPC. What do you think Watson? We got any thoughts on other communication costs? Sorry. The one other question was, um, Uh, Of service mesh and load balancer. Should we combine the two of them together? And my justification for combining them is that people are likely only going to choose one. You're not going to use engine X and on boy. The argument. But then there's also the question of what do we call it then. For example, should we call it service mesh and load balancers? Any views? I don't really think of this as the same, but I'm just trying to think of it from both sides. Because I'm dealing with the NSM stuff on the CNF. It doesn't really. I don't think load balancer that my view may be bad bias right now. In the. Some of the wording where they separate things by ingress. I'm saying. The communications are coming in. And the service mesh kind of handles all the load balance. It's kind of like ingress. So if it was like service mesh. Um, Ingress and low load balance goes under that or something like that. They do seem to me more of the same than separate. Okay. I didn't get the thought you're proposing. So you're saying service mesh would be an ingress. Would be two separate subcategories. Something like that. Or so service mesh and what it. The subcategory under service mesh could be how the community ingress being one. So we'll balance handling that. And then it's kind of like. Separating by the problem that it solves. Or words. Right. The challenges that envoy tends to solve all everything. Right. And they're just servicemen. Right. So. 10 Chris. Yeah, I think we talked about it earlier. I like separating them out, but that's just open to pulling them back together. That's great. Let's keep them separate. They can people can have fights on what they are. Sounds good to me. And someone. I'm going to be different. That's great. Yeah. I'm looking at the policy agent and I'm not seeing anything about key management. Yeah. That's why we're going to put it under security. Not under security. I'm not going to put it under security. I'm not going to put it under security. I'm not going to put it under security. I'm not going to put it under security. Not under key management. I think it belongs under security. I'll just double checking it for you. But it arguably would go under compliance. If we had a separate compliance. Yeah. And it's that was the debate. That was a debate. That makes perfect sense. Okay. Let's stop there. Really appreciate getting the feedback. Cool. Yeah. Take care. Is it possible to have subsets of these categories? So like the compliance, you were saying that's kind of under security and stuff. If, if we add those. We just don't want to add a third sub category, a third tier. We can have, we can do secure image security. Yeah. Security. And then next to it have compliance, but we don't want to subdivide even further. I mean, obviously anything's possible, but just in the interest of trying to keep things clean and easy to work with. Yeah. Sounds good. Okay. Thanks. Thanks. Thanks. Bye bye.


Welcome to All Hands Update. I'm Petty Officer Jonathan Pankaw. These are your headlines from around the fleet. Senior Chiefs looking to make Master Chief are now required to complete the Senior Enlisted Academy course at the U.S. Naval War College. The update means approximately twice the number of E-8s will be going through the program. The inaugural course is scheduled to begin in March. For more information on this class, visit the Naval War College's website or refer to the NAV admin. The 2015 tax season is fast approaching and it's never too early to take advantage of programs designed to make it less stressful. Active duty sailors, their dependents and retirees can use the Volunteer Income Tax Assistance or VITA program to get free help with filing their taxes. VITA volunteers are certified and offer free basic income tax return preparation with electronic filing. To find a local VITA site near you or to find out how to be a volunteer, visit the IRS website.


Hi everyone, I am just recording this video to make up for the class that was cancelled last week. Today we are going to be looking at Titus and Philemon, two of the episodes written by the Apostle Paul. So we will take a quick look at these two books and I hope that you are able to watch this video and catch up on what we missed this past week. So let me just share my screen. So just to begin with we see that Titus was written by Paul. We see that right in the first verse of the first chapter saying Paul the servant of God and an Apostle of Jesus Christ. And then he continues to say that this is written to Titus my true son in our common faith. So we have the recipient there as well. Like we've talked about before these introductions to the letters are very important because in that description of Paul of who Paul is or what the work that he's doing is usually an important indication of what he wants to communicate through the letter. So if we look at Titus 1-1 right after he says who he is he says he's the Apostle of Jesus Christ to further the faith of God's elect and then knowledge of the truth that leads to godliness in the hope of eternal life. So he is looking at increasing the faith of those who belong to the church and then knowledge of the truth with the goal that through that increase in faith and knowledge they are going to grow in godliness in the hope of eternal life in Christ. So this is what he's going to be talking a lot about in the letter in Titus and we'll see how he addresses this issue of holiness, of faith, of godliness and looking forward to Christ's return. So the letter was written sometime after 1st Timothy and it was written while Paul was on his way to a place called Nicopolis because we see him mentioned that place a little later on in Titus chapter 3 verse 12 written around AD 62 to 66. So just a little bit about who Titus is because we know that he's the recipient of this letter. Galatians 2 1 to 5 gives us an introduction to Titus. Paul is writing to the Galatians and he's telling them about some of the work that he did and he says after 14 years I went up again to Jerusalem this time with Barnabas. I took Titus along also we see Titus mentioned here. I went in response to a revelation and meeting privately with those esteemed as leaders. I presented to them the gospel that I preach among the Gentiles. I wanted to be sure I was not running and had not been running my race in vain yet not even Titus who was with me was compelled to be circumcised even though he was a Greek. This matter arose because some false believers had infiltrated our ranks to spy on freedom we have in Christ Jesus and to make us slaves. So here Paul is talking about Titus joining him and Barnabas when they went back to the council in Jerusalem to address this issue of Jews coming in and calling Gentile believers to follow some of the laws that were in the Hebrew scriptures and one of the specific things was circumcision and we also know from this passage in Galatians that Titus was a Gentile believer he was a Greek. So he says that even Titus was not compelled to be circumcised by the Jerusalem council. A few other things we know about Titus is that he was sent through the Corinthian church when we read in 2 Corinthians about this situation that arises with the church where there is a misunderstanding there is some conflict that arises with the Corinthian church when Paul addresses some people who have come against him who are not not very supportive of his leadership and some issues that have risen in the church he has to deal with it with a certain degree of severity and when he does that there is a little bit of tension that comes into his relationship with the Corinthian church and so he sends Titus to the church to check on how they are doing and how they are responding to the things that he had kind of addressed in the church and then Titus returns back to Paul to tell him that the church is continuing to walk in readings to what Paul had taught them and this brings Paul great joy and then Titus is sent back with the second letter to the Corinthians and to finish this collection that the church in Corinth was making for the Jerusalem church. So Titus was definitely someone that Paul trusted and Paul had entrusted him with some important tasks in the ministry with also being very much part of the work that Paul was doing. We see in Titus 1.5 that Paul leaves Titus in Crete which is an island and this is where Titus is believed to have been till he died so he stayed there and oversaw the church. We see in 2nd Timothy 4.10 that Titus did go to another province called Dalmatia but that seems to have been something temporary and then he goes back to the island of Crete where he continues to minister to the church there. So a little bit about Crete. We know a little bit of background about this place that people from Crete were viewed by outsiders as people who were lusting after wealth and this led to violence even in the island. Crete had a reputation for arrogance, deceptiveness, betrayal and greed and we see in Titus 1.12 where Paul quotes from one of their poets and he uses the word gluttony to describe them. Now gluttony here is used to talk about their love for pleasure rather than their love for knowledge. So to distinguish between where, what were they pursuing? They were pursuing things of the flesh, material things rather than things that would edify them intellectually and so this was something that was very much a part of the culture of the people who lived on the island of Crete. So a little bit on the background of Titus. Crete is first mentioned in Acts 2.11 and this is during the Pentecost. There are Jews and Gentile converts to Judaism who are in Jerusalem when the Holy Spirit comes on the believers in the upper room and it's mentioned that there were Cretans there who heard the disciples declaring the wonders of God in their own town. So we don't know if there were people here who heard the gospel who came to faith and then took that back to the island. That is one possibility. We also know that Paul visited Crete on his journey to Rome to be imprisoned. So when he was being imprisoned, being sent into house arrest that first time, the ship harbours at the island of Crete but we have no record of Paul actually getting off and meeting people and sharing the gospel. So we don't know if at this time there was any work for establishing a church in Crete that happened but another possibility is that on his fourth missionary journey, Paul travels to Crete, shares the gospel, begins a church there and Titus is left behind to oversee the church. So we don't know at what point a church started in this island but these are the three instances that it could have begun. So we see the issue here in Titus that Paul is addressing is the issue of Jews who are coming in and trying to speak to the Cretan believers and make them follow some of the Jewish laws. So although the culture in Crete was completely different, these people were trying to bring in some of those laws and this is what Paul wants to address through the letter. So we see Paul addressing some of the opposition in right in the first chapter of Titus. I'll just read verses 10 to 11 of chapter 1 for us. It says for there are many rebellious people full of meaningless talk and deception especially those of the circumcision group. They must be silenced because they are disrupting whole households by teaching things they ought not to teach and that for the sake of dishonest gain. So here he mentions specific group which is the circumcision group. We know the circumcision group is obviously the Jews who were insisting on circumcision of new believers from a dental background and he says that they are teaching not only bringing in wrong teaching but also their intentions are wrong because they are trying to gain monetary benefits through bringing in this teaching. So there's they're seeking after dishonest gain and so this is why Paul wants to highlight these false teachers in the letter. So we see a lot of also what Paul talks about in 1st Timothy being repeated here. So it seems like that same teaching that was spreading in the congregation that Timothy was overseeing was also spreading to other congregations and so it was something that was catching on across different churches and needed to be addressed. So in Galatians we see the same group of people being talked about and it seems like they were continuing to oppose Paul's work. Not only is Paul writing to address false teaching that was coming into the church his other purpose for writing is to give Titus a sense of authorization to be a leader in the church, to be able to correct people, to be able to teach sound doctrine. So we just read from chapter 1 verse 5. It says the reason I left you in Crete was that you might put in order what was left unfinished and appoint elders in every town as I directed you. So this is one aspect of why he's writing this letter is to give Titus that sense of authority that he is going to lead these churches and lead the elders that are appointed over the churches in Crete and then we continue to see in chapter 2 I'm just going to read verses 1, 7, 8 and 15 they are noted here on the slide. So verse 1 you however must teach what is appropriate to sound doctrine in everything set them an example by doing what is good in your teaching show integrity seriousness and soundness of speech that cannot be condemned so that those who oppose you may be ashamed because they have nothing bad to say about us.  So we see Paul telling Titus this is your this is your task it is to teach sound doctrine to live a life that also displays this gospel that we are preaching and then to be able to encourage the believers to also correct the believers with this authority that is yours I'm giving you this authority or I am entrusting you with this authority over the churches in Crete. So that is Paul's purpose of writing the letter. Some of the unique features of Titus of this epistle Titus addresses this issue of grace as well as good works so it emphasizes that we are saved by the grace of God that it is through the work of Christ that we are saved but at the same time just as James the episode written by the book written by James emphasizes good works Titus will also Paul and his letter to Titus will also emphasize good works as a way for believers to reveal whole crisis to be witnesses for the faith that we have we have accepted as our owner that we have converted to and we also see another unique features that Paul quotes from a Cretan poet. We see this also in Acts 1728 where Paul uses somebody from the culture to which he's ministering he uses one of their own writings to address things within the culture and so we see him doing that here as well in Titus 112. Comparing this letter with other books in second Corinthians that letter was taken by Titus to the church in Corinth here Titus is a recipient of the letter rather than a carrier of the letter is a recipient of the letter in first Timothy and Titus we see an emphasis on church organization first second Timothy and Titus are all past order letters first and second Timothy tend to fall into a more personal category of writing that is Titus is a little more official and then like James Titus also emphasizes good works as proof of the faith that we proclaim faith in Jesus Christ. The theme of Titus is the godly life of a believer and so we'll see keywords like good and good works mentioned a lot because that is displayed in the life of a believer who is truly pursuing godliness and then the key verse is in chapter 2 verses 11 to 14 I'll read that out for us for the grace of God has appeared that offers salvation to all people it teaches us to say no to ungodliness and worldly passions and to live self-controlled upright and godly lives in this present age while we wait for the blessed hope the appearing of the glory of our great god and savior Jesus Christ who gave himself for us to redeem us from all wickedness and to purify for himself for people that are his very own eager to do what is good so just as we read this verse we can see so many things that Paul is addressing within the culture itself right like we read about the people there being people who were known for their deceptiveness who were known for being greedy for being people who pursued pleasure and so he's saying instead of those things Christ came to redeem us from wickedness to purify us to set us apart as a people who are godly and so he's calling them to live these to live such godly lives so that they can be a witness and to live the live such lives in in anticipation of Christ's return we'll just go through quickly the outline of this book so it begins like every other letter with a salutation greeting Titus and then he addresses certain things to do with elders so the first thing we read about was why he left Titus in this island and it was to choose elders for the different churches that had been established and then from there he goes on to say so what are the kinds of qualities we're looking for when we choose elders and that is in chapter one verse six to nine he talks about the family life of the of a believer the character that is displayed by them and then their ability to teach sound doctrine so these were three things that he says are important in choosing the right people to serve as elders over the church and why is sound doctrine important is where he continues in chapter one to talk about the false teachers who had come in and specifically mentions the circumcision group and Jewish myths as two threats to the teaching that he had taken to the church then he goes on in chapter two to address various groups in the congregation and the main goal of addressing these groups is to say that they have to be witnesses through their lives so the church should stand out from the culture around them and through their godly lives to be able to witness to the gospel just read verse 15 from chapter two it says encourage and rebuke with all authority do not let anyone despise you so this is part of that key verse that we read earlier in chapter three he goes on to talk about believers in general and he talks about being transformed by grace received through Christ being reborn to eternal life through the Holy Spirit and he addresses certain errors in in spiritual teaching that had come in from verses nine to eleven of chapter three so he says but avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and arguments and quarrels about the law because these are unprofitable and useless again going back to that wrong teaching that had come in and he says don't waste your time on these things these things are not worth your time and they're not going to be fruitful for you he closes the letter with an invitation to Titus to visit him as he's going to Nicopolis and then with certain greetings from other people who were with him with that we come to the end of Titus and we can just take a quick look at Philemon. Philemon is a very short book it's just one chapter so we will take a quick look at it and with that we will end this video. So Philemon was a letter that was written to a specific person and it's a letter addressing a private issue that is relevant to that person it's quite different from Paul's other letters because all of his other letters have to do with the church and with ministry but this is an issue that is particular to Philemon and Paul is writing a letter to him to address that issue it's probably written from Rome while Paul was in prison and it was sent to Philemon who lived at Colossia. Now how do we know that Philemon lived at Colossia? If we look at the book of Colossians there are certain people who are named there who are also named in the book in the letter to Philemon and in Colossians those people are named as people who are from Colossia so we'll just read these three verses that I put down here verse 9 from chapter 4 of Colossians it says he is coming with Onesimus our faithful and dear brother who is one of you they will tell you everything that is happening here so Onesimus is from Colossia and we know that Onesimus is the main subject of the letter to Philemon he is a slave that belonged to Philemon and Paul is writing on his behalf to Philemon to address some issues that had come up. Verse 12 of chapter 4 in Colossians Paul says Epiphris who is one of you and a servant of Christ Jesus sends greetings and so this same Epiphris is also named in Philemon 1 23 and then in verse 17 of Colossians 4 Paul says tell Archipus see to it that you complete the ministry you have received in the Lord meaning that Archipus was in Colossia and so he is giving them a specific message to pass on to Archipus and Archipus is also mentioned in Philemon 1 2 so considering all of these people who are named in this letter to Philemon and in Colossians as people who belong to the church at Colossia we conclude that Philemon was from Colossia so from verse 2 of the letter to Philemon we see that there was a church that was meeting in his home we also can gather from some of the things that are said in the letter that Philemon was someone who had considerable wealth we see that he was someone who was generous towards the church maybe not necessarily limited to monetary generosity because we see love for God's holy people mentioned partnership with Paul in the faith and then being someone who has refreshed the hearts of the Lord's people so Philemon was definitely contributing to the work of ministry in more ways than just by monetary support but it seems that this is one of the ways in which he was supporting the work we also see that Paul makes a request to Philemon to keep a place ready for him to stay with Philemon when he goes to Colossia and so that is another indication that he was someone who could who could host Paul during his time there we also just from the content of the letter know that the main issue that Paul is addressing here is the issue of a slave named Onesimus who belonged to Philemon and for Philemon to own a slave it would have required him to to pay a certain sum of money so he was able to also own the slave to to make that payment which is not a small amount so we also know that Paul never went to Colossia so it's possible that he met Philemon in Ephesus and Philemon came to faith during Paul's ministry there because in verse 19 of of Philemon Paul says you owe me a very self indicating that Philemon kind of owed his whole eternal that eternal life that he had received owed it to Paul's ministry so it's likely that this happened in Ephesus since Paul had never been to Colossia so what is it that Paul is addressing in the letter to Philemon we look a little bit at Onesimus and who he was and what it is that prompted Paul to write this letter to Philemon so Onesimus was a slave of Philemon who had run away it's possible that he had taken some of Philemon's money this could have happened in two ways one is that Philemon had sent him on an errand and had entrusted him with some money to carry out that errand and so while Onesimus was doing that work that Philemon had sent him out for he instead of going back to Philemon ran away and fled to Rome so he had Philemon's money with him and escaped to Rome another reason we can say that he had taken Philemon's money was because Philemon had paid to own Onesimus as his slave he had made a payment to have Onesimus under his authority and so Onesimus was of value to him of monetary value to him and the fact that Onesimus had run away was like he had actually stolen from Philemon but when Onesimus goes to Rome is where he meets Paul and comes to faith and becomes a disciple of Christ Paul could have chosen to keep Onesimus as a helper with him but because he didn't have Philemon's consent he's sending Onesimus back to Philemon and allowing Philemon that freedom to decide whether he's going to send him back to continue to assist Paul now as for Roman law this was required of Paul he could not hide a runaway slave that would be against the law of the of the Roman government and so Paul was following what was required of him under the law some background on slavery just so we understand why Paul had to write this letter slaves while they were recognized as people were also from an economic perspective they were considered as a property of their owners so they were not only just people who who had whatever relationships had a status in society all of that they were also people who belonged to who were completely under the authority of their owners there were two kinds of slaves that was the household slaves and the urban slaves Paul in his writings addresses only household slaves and so this issue of urban slavery is not addressed really by Paul household slaves could could eventually be freed from their masters they could work to earn enough to pay for their freedom and once they were free under Roman custom it was it was almost required of the one who had freed them their previous owners to support the these former slaves and help them become wealthy so it is it is possible that a slave could work for their freedom also slaves were economically socially and also in terms of being able to determine what their future would look like they had more privileges than the average free person in the Roman Empire so most of the people who were free were rural peasants they would serve as farmers on the estates of wealthy landowners so they had very little economic or social status and in terms of thinking about a different future for themselves that was very very limited for them because they were in a place of complete dependence on these landowners whereas slaves actually had a lot more potential to grow economically socially think about a different future for themselves we don't see slavery as something that was recognized as an issue in that society so in a time like that Paul's message is quite quite quite different he goes quite beyond the culture of that time to address this issue of a slave who has run away and to request the owner to show grace towards that person but not only to show them grace also to possibly release them from slavery so that he could join Paul in the ministry because he now is a believer so Paul what he's doing to even represent Onesimus who is in a position of complete dependence complete submission to a master but also has run away and actually would be subject to grave consequences for what he had done Paul is writing in a way that is quite counter through the culture counter cultural in that sense to talk about grace and to talk about even setting such a slave free so that is that's something to see Paul bringing in the faith and how you can address an issue that may be culturally acceptable but to talk about how does our faith a faith change the way we respond to a certain situation some features of this letter Philemon is the only completely private letter in scripture so all of the other letters are written to ministers to churches they are letters that circulated in the churches so they were written from a ministry perspective but this is to a person regarding a personal issue it also gives us a glimpse into the social life and relationships at this time so Paul is not socially at the same level as Philemon he doesn't share the same social status but his request comes from someone who has authority as an apostle as someone who had brought Philemon to faith and as a brother in Christ and he uses this relationship to plead on behalf of Onesimus the date and place of writing is while Paul was under house arrest and Rome's thought to be around 60 to 62 AD compared to other books we see in 1st Corinthians 12-13 this abolishing of differences within the church between Jews and Gentiles slave those who are slaves and those who are free all of those boundaries do not exist anymore in the body of Christ and so this letter is almost like a practical example of how those boundaries are to be broken down when Paul asks Philemon to receive Onesimus back as a brother in Christ as a beloved brother in Christ so Philemon along with Ephesians, Philippines, Colossians and 2nd Timothy is one of the epistles that was written while Paul was in prison so it's one of the prison epistles Philemon talks about how love is to be illustrated or love is to be shown within the body of Christ while Ephesians and Colossians show that Christians form the body of Christ and then in comparison Colossians except for Philemon and Athea everyone mentioned in this letter to Philemon is also mentioned in Colossians be that some of those names earlier so we see that the same people who are in this letter are also in Colossians except for Philemon and Athea the theme of Philemon is Paul's intercession or pleading for a runaway slave the key verse from 15b to 18 and just read that for us you might have him back forever no longer as a slave but better than a slave as a dear brother he is very dear to me but even dearer to you both as a fellow man and as a brother in the Lord so if you consider me a partner welcome him as you would welcome me if he has done you any wrong or owes you anything charge it to me so here Paul is willing to take personal ownership of Onesimus's mistakes and the consequences of those mistakes Paul is willing to take that on himself we will not look at an outline of this letter since it's just a single chapter and we've covered so much of the content as we've discussed the book itself but we'll just close with some spiritual lessons that we can learn from Paul's example in this letter one is to sympathize with those who are in positions of disadvantage so with the lowly here Paul didn't have to take on this as his responsibility but he stands on behalf of Onesimus using on the power the authority the friendship the relationship that exists with filament to be able to to help Onesimus out in a difficult situation he we also see that the law obedience to the law is something that is not discarded as unimportant rather it is upheld the law is upheld where Onesimus must return to filament and Paul must send him back as someone who is aware of Onesimus's where Onesimus is he doesn't try to hide him rather he's encouraging Onesimus to go back to filament and then the third is that in this relationship of brotherhood and sisterhood in Christ all social and class distinctions that may have existed in the cultures we come from are broken down are removed within the body of Christ that is the ideal we pursue that we should come to a place of equality of respect mutual respect and honor towards one another as brothers and sisters in Christ we close here thank you for watching and thank you for for allowing me to do this video to catch up on what we missed I trust that you've been blessed through these two books and I didn't I didn't pray right at the beginning of class so I'll close us in prayer and then we can end today's class father we just thank you thank you for these letters that written by paul thank you lord that they were inspired by your holy spirit thank you father for speaking to us through these letters for teaching us who you are teaching us the things that you value lord that you value godly lives you value lives that are completely surrendered you lord that you value all people slave of free no matter what the background is lord you invite us to follow you and you place us on equal grounding with each other lord father we just pray that what we have discussed today what we have looked at in your word would take root in our hearts lord that it would be something that addresses our own ways of thinking our own ways of seeing the world lord that it would bring the transformation that you would desire to see in us we thank you for this time lord in jesus name we pray amen thank you all and we continue from here to go on to the rest of the books and letters that we have and continue in our new testament survey thank you