Fantastic. Thank you. So, good afternoon everyone and thanks to all the organizers for allowing me to join the caravan, so to speak. So, I've got a rather large topic, and so I'm going to unashamedly build on what has been presented by Caroline, Gora, Warren and Kloss, and really a very strong continuity with what they shared with us the last two days. I want to start with a poem, move on to a few factoids. I was hoping to tell a soap opera, but it'll have to be a very abbreviated case study, and end off with a couple of takeaways, policy takeaways that is not KFC. But let me start with a few words from an artist from Kinsasha. Think of Kinsasha as, if you will, a parable for African cities. Shouldn't even try to follow the West. We could not catch up with it, even if we tried. We would do better to follow the last one in the race, the hungry one, and follow the rhythm of East footsteps, the time of that hungry one. Of course, hunger signifies a lack of freedom. Somehow we have lost the equilibrium between the physical question and the beyond that creates the freedom. Ready to accept and eat about anything. Hunger reduces one to a mere survival. But beyond that hunger lies something else. Kinsasha is not only stomach, we have the capacity to open up to that something else. But we haven't yet managed to surpass the problem of hunger, of death, of illness, of suffering. We haven't yet overcome the rupture. And then, hunger and death do not only signify closure, they also enable the creation of an opening. If not physically, then at least mentally. Now, you've heard a lot of the data, and it is dramatic. We'll be doubling the urban population. And as you would have heard from Caroline, is that the problem with this is that as this growth unfolds, slum formation is growing at a slightly faster rate. And what I really want to draw your attention to is that as we look at this over the next 40 years, what is important to really come to terms with it, and I suppose carrying on on the theme of the political economy of what's going on, is that a large number of these people will remain incredibly poor, i.e. a GDP per capita below $1,000, even in 2050, and that there are two parts of Africa that will grow dramatically over the next 40 years. That's West Africa and East Africa. They will both double their populations in just the next 40 years. And most of those people will remain incredibly poor. This graph shows you the population below a $2 per day line. And what is incredible about these trend lines, and this is based on the international futures forecasting model. So for those of you familiar with some of these, is that this is a fairly robust one. And what is important about this is that if you look at this trend line, in terms of Central Africa, you can see by 2050, the dramatic growth, reflecting of course the demographic transition that we will be seeing, and then West Africa is the same story. Now if we turn to GDP per capita number, and I think that the point that was raised by Kloss yesterday, that we really are talking about very, very different policy agendas, if you're talking about a less than $1,000 per capita context with weak state institutions, and if you're talking about a $40,000 context, right? So I think that one of the challenges, of course, is to keep this range in mind, but also to think in a fairly differentiated way about how do we frame these problems. So what this indicates to us again is that if we look at the trend line for Southern Africa, and if we look at the trend line for Northern Africa, predictably, there's significant increase because it's often much higher base already. But if we look at the areas that is really going to grow, we're talking about, by 2030, numbers that are still below $1,500. Now the really disconcerting thing about this is that the genetic coefficient for Africa already sits at 0.54, according to you in Habitat Data. Now what is troubling about this, the fact that it is similar to Latin America, is of course that it doesn't have the industrial base that Latin America works of, right? So you're talking about a very large proportion of the labor force that hasn't gone through that particular economic transition, and you're already sitting at this number at a context in which globalization and in its current manifestations, of course, we know as reproducing greater income inequalities. So it is then not that surprising when you look at the distribution of informality in Africa in terms of living conditions, and again this is your Habitat Data, and what was really useful about a 2008 report was that they differentiated between the different deficiencies that define slums, right? So if three of those characteristics are prevalent, then it is severely deprived. And then you can see the difference between Latin America and Southern Asia in terms of the second component. So firstly, the prevalence is lower, but also the number of people who are extremely deprived is in a very different scale. So we're talking about really very, very different conditions here. So this I suppose is a real echo on the previous speaker's points. I thought it was important to just keep this in mind and highlight a couple of what I would call really profound structural obstacles. The first is that most African governments remain stubbornly opposed to the idea that they've got to come to terms with what's going on. So there's a deep-suited association between African nationalist projects connected to the idea of rural land, a true African identity, which makes it and which is deeply embedded in the ideological constructs that govern a lot of these countries and the political parties in a post-liberation movement era. Secondly, you're talking about really small formal economies, which means the tax base is tiny. So to do anything is really difficult because you just don't have the resources in a context of high poverty, but most importantly also most of the fiscal powers remain at a national level. Thirdly and really importantly, even though informality is the norm outside of Southern Africa or South Africa and parts of North Africa in terms of economic reproduction and social reproduction, formal regulations particularly planning ones, building regulations and so forth, penalize informality deliberately, making both the opportunity and the operating costs of the urban poor incredibly high and disproportionately high in relation to wealthy or formal parts of the city. And then for a whole range of complicated colonial reasons, discrimination, re-identity politics of affiliation remains secured throughout the political economy of resource allocation and policy making. And to miss this point is to fundamentally miss a number of the critical drivers that reproduce social inequality and cultural inequality. And then of course Africa and there's been lots of private sector think tanks saying how fantastic the recent growth rates are and so on, but Africa's entering the global markets and the global economy with incredibly limited leverage and most importantly in a fragmented way. So Asia, Arab states and so forth strike deals with individual countries as opposed to regional blocks which really is essential if one is going to think of an agenda that can really facilitate broad based growth in the continent. And then of course the cost of large scale urban dysfunction is disproportionately borne by these incredibly large numbers of very, very poor people. So these structural obstacles are really profound and to simply think at the neighborhood scale or think about governance interventions to deal with some of these questions would be missing it. So what we then see across the continent because it is driven by a particular breed of developers is this extreme splintered urbanism, which makes in a way the thesis of splintered urbanism as Simon Marvin and whatever his name is, I can't remember his name, puts forward in their fantastic book. You almost kind of find what is happening in Europe aspirational because of the manifestation in our context of exactly the same kinds of dynamics. Slum neglect essentially combined with this kind of an enclave elite urbanism trying to reproduce a North American suburban gated ideal using if you will the distributional inequalities that I mentioned before as if you will the foundation, the economic foundation for that. So we can't really escape this conclusion that despite the promising economic growth prospects for Africa of late, there is no readily available or acceptable economic and community development model to address the mutually reinforcing drivers of structural exclusion and poverty at scale. We just don't have them, right? Most of the ones we've heard of today I think are very difficult to apply in this particular kind of structural context. Building on Warren's presentation, I wanted to tell you about one story which would have been fantastic to do in a more dramatized way because this is a brilliant story but I'm going to show you a few images about the site. So Warren showed Cape Town from that perspective that aerial shot. So that's where the city bowlers with the bulk of the economies and that's the key decentralized node but it's increasingly a polycentric urban economy but this is where the poor are excluded from those opportunities and this neighborhood. It's got about 600 to 800,000 people, both for 250,000 and there's been this interesting intervention dealing with violence, particularly social violence in this area. I won't go through the detail but because I don't have time but the main point about this is that it really tried to grapple with how do you use community-driven processes focusing on unemployed youth as a way of building the knowledge system and the understanding of what is going on in this community to begin to fashion socially embedded interventions at a range of scales and with a particular kind of sequencing that is spatially informed. Now what they did was they used these unemployed youths to do door-to-door surveys in the neighborhood to produce a map of the perception and experience of crime and then offered these representations which allowed them to understand where in the neighborhood the main problems were and then they could isolate where and how to intervene and this is then some of the work that was produced, all community-driven, all community design. These were the environments before. This is the kind of stuff they did. These were the outcomes of some of these interventions. This is a soccer field play area and so on and effectively in terms of murder rates, this is the kind of reduction that we were able to achieve despite the absence of formal employment. I don't have the reasons to explain all of this but I think what it draws our attention to is when we think about design within these contexts there's a whole series of if you will sensibilities or dispositions that we've got to understand what the specific spatial fine-grained articulations are, how to be institutionally savvy, et cetera, et cetera. So to conclude, what all of this means in this particular story that I'm trying to tell is I think that we really have to take seriously some of the theoretical discussions in the African context about this idea of people as infrastructure, what that may mean. Accept the need, as this previous speaker said, for both top-down bottom-up but the critical issue I think we haven't really theorized or explored enough is this question of intermediation, is the intermediating institutions and practices. And finally I don't have time to talk about this but what I wanted to conclude on was the most important to use the possibility of non-formal job creation for young people around these kinds of things to make place as a mechanism, as the primary most important public health intervention to begin to reverse some of these systemic problems. So to conclude again with Vincent, there is a hater somewhere, a void, and this void needs to be filled. It has to be filled by us, the inhabitants of the city. The city belongs to all of them and they all have to constantly reinvent their own myths, their own stories of the street to keep going and to offer themselves a semblance of a direction of this world that keeps slipping through their fingers. The city is indeed a never-ending construction. Thank you.


Going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards. We are ripping at 23 top museum collection Baseball hobby six box half case break number six pick your team stuff located down the street from Mark Martin Ford Nascar and bad boy motors. Let's go Welcome to Batesville, Arkansas Here's a list of our names our teams Adam G with the Astros Alex P. Padres Rangers Anthony P. Giants Chris W. D Bax Dike Oh pirates Daniel C Braves David O. Mariners Suki M. Marlins fur Hanay Royals James are White socks that Jason C. Tigers Jerry B. Metz Jordan and Rockies Joseph S. Guardians Joshua V athletics Kevin Y. Yanks Michael S. Angels Michael a brewers Mike M. Dodgers Phillies Nate S. Nationals Nick B. Twins Peter D. Red Sox Phillip T. Orioles Roger M. Cardinals Samuel S. Blue Jays Scott F. Reds Timothy M. Rays and Tyler P with the Cubs. So good luck here everybody Let's do it Did I know nothing I knew Dale Earnhardt drove number three Here we go. I'm proud Donnie Nascar made an impact on Donnie's life It made an impact on my dad's life, which I guess impacted me some technically yeah Corey seager that is Corey seager nice one there two at 35 Impacts the strong word Three to go on museum full-case tiered random team style by the way everybody masataki or she did is 99 The Red Sox Tati's Duke Snyder Miguel Cabrera and Ezekiel Tovar rookie jersey on a 399 for the Rockies Here go, Colorado Very nice very nice see the New Zeke Instead of Elliott, that's how I was like I didn't think it was Ezekiel Elliott, but I had to have to make sure no one Gorman bronze Adley rookie Boba Shat and von Grissom game used to 99 for the the Braves Jersey and bet I kind of do want to get a will Barton Jersey and all seriousness. What's a Memphis? There's a will Barton Memphis Jersey up there somewhere. I think that'd be kind of fire or Cody Barton Mariners breaking news Mariners trading. I know as far as Diamondbacks and Sevies of all in Carl's. Yeah, I saw that I saw that earlier Nicholas Zach Ranky Brighman Alvarez rookie that is Riley Green on the canvas collection and Ryan Sandberg 25 of 25 for the Cubs nice one there Why he calls his name always throws me off Ryan. Yeah, the Rhino Nicholas is happy early Thanksgiving to you jaker. Oh you too, Nicholas. Everything's given to you, sir There's also another Rhine in baseball right now Oh, yeah, yeah, you know what else we have Kino James Outman bronze rookie Brett Beatty Shintaro Fujinami that's showhead. That's sick. Nice one there on the Canvas collection and Byron Buxton three at ten two-card patch Congrats on that Buxton to ten. Probably the I'd say the Diamondbacks did because you get You get your third baseman. I mean Sevies of all of was the white socks back of the pitcher at one point And Carlos Vargas really hasn't pitched a ton Corbin Carroll rookie no one Gorman and Kodai Senga 299 for the bets nice when they're Mets Congrats on that I think it's I think it might it's probably gonna be a fair trade because at third base they were They had a hole. Yeah, no one there. Yeah, Evan Longoria was 40. Yeah, he couldn't do anything I know I'm trying Joshua. I'm trying trying for an egg Shintaro Fujinami to 150 for the Orioles Gunner rookie Randy Johnson and one Soto to 15 for a 15 for the Padres That's Vidal Bruhan. That's Jake's favorite. Yeah, that's my whole time boy right there. It was the biggest Vidal I was crying and punching the air when he got traded Jake was the biggest Vidal Bruhan truth that I've ever met in my life He already did Milan there's Trish and Cosas. He got traded a couple weeks like a week ago Was that too vague Joey motto to a five last team taking reds. Let's go Jumbo patch auto one of the case hits congrats to since it's sick that it's gonna be mr. Scott F Let's go Scott. Congrats, buddy I would yeah released a nice one there Stephen F with a bunch of Personals and Brian G with three teams. So I'll miss out on the second NT collegiate. Thank you very much What would you do I'm released a I would I was just having Jake join. Oh, yeah He's like he's like one of the top top voters now. So true Well, what would you do? Probably not normally I would say but I'm released. I would I mean, yeah Just I'm released. Just I'm released. Jake's just agreeing with the breaker No, I would say no, he said no. He said he wouldn't That one Big time Yeah, number five, okay Randy Johnson, I think they're all the Jumbos are number to five or lower. I think Kyle Schwerber Aaron judge nice one there and Louisa Reyes I swung there to 25 I'm out all the days now Every single base card every so I just start I was gonna mention it but I didn't know What no It's gonna mention a man in the base He does still bang. That's right. Yes. He does Max Meyer rookie audit 199 for the Marlins Congrats Marlins He's probably gonna be banging for another team though. Yeah, unfortunately. I wouldn't be mad. No one Gorman Nice one there for the if it's anyone else other than Toronto. That's what I'll be Why because Toronto kind of makes sense with him being for Canada and all okay Josh I'm fair if he goes like the Rockies like well. Yeah, we doing Shay Langler's to 75. What are we doing? He's gonna probably want to go to a contender. I'd imagine They're getting out of that window, but they're still there.  Yeah So far Michael Harris and Byron Buxton game use Jersey audit 299 for the twins Because they're losing Rhys. Yeah Basically Yeah, yeah Well, I think losing them it means like you couldn't Yeah, he chose to go somewhere else Billy was like we don't need you anymore Robbie Devers Springer Bob Gibson Gabriel Moreno Garrett Cole Coltrane saw young winner game use patch. Let's go. I swung there. Congrats. Yanks to 2017 rocked. Yeah, I'm kidding. I think Josh had her was It's gonna have it good at it To to 150 Garrett Cole You're red Zach rinky and Luis Arias nice one there to 299. Oh It's always a Yankees takeover in here Yankees take over right now. Sam's in here. It's a Yankee takeover. Never forces in here. It's a Red Sox. Take over now It's still a Yankee take over everyone forces here Whenever me and Collier just get ready.   Nice one there Riley green and Mike trout eight of 20 nice one there congrats to the angels like trout Can for to go on museum tier 11 to go on the mega dual case It is quadruple Yankee take over and forces on Absolutely Jeremy Pena Freddy Freeman and Austin Meadows 14 of 25. I swung their game use Jersey Auto for the Tigers former Ray legend and cousin a former employee Getting shake good man Not my cousin not my cousin he was a ray legend. He was a ray. He could be it Is he a free agent? Yeah, let's go. Oh, you didn't get tenor to contract. I know let's see an Adley or let's see a Gunner for you. Yeah, let's go. Come on. Come on. Come on. They go right here. They go Smoke yes, thank you, Jake. I'm aware Logan Oh, hoppy to 25 nice one there for the Angels Paul Goldschmidt Max Scherzer Ryan Mountcastle. There we go. There's no there is and oh, it's not bad and Oriole right there Nice one there congrats Phil saving get a one of his rookie buddies, though Brent Beatty 299 nice one there for the Mets congrats Mets and Jersey big poppy 39 of 99 for the Red Sox primary pieces At weird I didn't realize that they were there until today But I sang it a 150 really I would have you didn't notice I would have deleted them last night if I knew that dude I mean they're right out there. It's not really I didn't know that they were I didn't know that they're a peanut butter I thought they were like snickering that is gonna be a Clayton Kershaw and Rookie Jersey Auto Matthew Libertor to 399 that's a ray legend Yeah, you got a Rosarino or no he was either him or The first baseman Martinez or Yeah, okay, so right a Rosarino and Jose Martinez. Okay, got you to 99 O'Neill cruise. They were in the same Somebody's I thought they were different trade DJ. La Mayhew to 35 for the inks machine Dan to be swanson Tray Turner and Gabriel Moreno 15 of 20. There we go. Congrats on that one of their D-becks That'll work That will it work Volpe rookie rally green and many machado nice one there congrats on that Machado Pump it Continue with that all day see Donnie doesn't care I don't I'm kind of like that Sean is only fiving you out man. If it was Sean, I know he'd be like dude want to go home with my throat Spring up to 299 that is a Corbin Carroll and MJ Melendez to 399 for the Royals congrats on that There you go. Okay, see quick recap errone here everybody We've got Manny Machado DJ La Mayhew David Ortiz Logan Ohapi Mike trout Garrett Cole Shea Langlears Louisa Riaz Juan Soto Byron Buxton von Grissom and Corey seager Autos we've got Gabriel Moreno Brett Beatty Ryan Mountcastle Louisa Riaz Max Meyer Kodai Senga Ryan Sandberg Zigiel Tobar Byron Buxton Austin Meadows Matthew Libetor MJ Melendez and then our Mags car to a five case it of Joey Votto jumbo patch auto Do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the filth up next is random team first random team half case


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebrakes.com coming at you with 2016 little blasts from the past 2016 Panini black gold football eight box random team break number one. It's a full case break all card ship a Lot of great stuff. I do like the way the black gold looks big. Thanks everybody here for getting it on the action Thanks to the people who bought their team straight up and Congrats again to the winners of those spots in those prestige filler packs All the teams are in Let's roll it. Let's randomize it six and a five eleven times for names and teams one two three four five six seven eight nine ten and 11th and final time after 11 We got Joe Pearson down to Bennett page Six and a five eleven times for the teams one two three four And 11th and final time after 11. Good luck everybody.  Let's sort by column B alphabetically by team We're gonna pause the video when we come back We're gonna see if there's any trades and then we will have the break stick around BRB All right. Welcome back folks a little bit of trade chatter, but in the end no deals are done here on Wednesday The 11th. Thanks everyone for making this happen. I appreciate it. Oh It would ended up being Bennett with last spot mojo right there. So it's a blast from the past 2016 I know it says 2017 here. That's the date. That's the year it was released, but it's actually the 2016 product Let's see what we got here now obviously The some of the rookies that we that were that we want to chase here Dak Prescott Ezekiel it's on and so forth feel like Dak Prescott was on his way to to really Significantly increasing his value last year in the hobby before he got injured. So this might be a good time to whoever's the Cowboys Anthony might Get a Dak Prescott or Ezekiel. Yeah, they could be some nice comeback seasons for them. I Think this was the last year. They did black gold Jeremy. Maybe 20 snow Not 2017 because I would I feel like we would remember a Patrick Mahomes black gold card, right? in 2017 I think they did 2013-14-15 something like that and 16 Just a handful of years just a few years or so. I think All right, 006 out of 100 franchise gold Jim McMahon Walter Peyton Mike Singletary That'll be for the Bears. That'll be for Steve We got Tom Brady to 225 Patriots edition that'll be for Brian Croft And another Tom Brady on this side. That's a 225 also for Brian We got a randomizer. We got Todd Gurley versus David Johnson 26 out of 49 Two-color dual relic and we'll do that randomizer at the end That black gold rookie autograph Jalen Ramsey Rookie gold ink auto. He's got he's got some pretty good penmanship there nice one for the Jaguars Ryan P with Jacksonville Jaguars And CJ precise triple relic 96 out of 199 motherload triple relic for the hawks of the sea That'll be for Bennett. All right on this side. We got Derek Brooks six out of 10 Yeah, the gold auto does look they do pop really nicely on these black gold cards Corey with the Buccaneers Paxson Lynch and Demarius Thomas 61 out of 99 golden opportunity It's dual relic for Bennett and the Broncos We got a jersey and autograph Kenneth Dixon sizable signatures 20 out of 225 I would love for them to kind of rework this product and bring back black gold I think that'd be awesome. I feel like they could tighten up some of the design and the checklist a little bit I don't know. I feel like they could they could kind of Redo this a little bit that goes to the Ravens Brett with Baltimore You know and then come back stronger and back here. We got golden ground game Kenyon Drake 96 out of 99 piece of his jersey going to Miami that'll be for Anthony and the Dolphins looking forward to uh seeing Kenyon Drake operating with my Raiders But this is Dolphins edition going to Anthony That was the first box next one So Panini if you're listening bring back bring back that black gold. All right four out 25 gold rush Thurman Thomas for Karen and the bills Got Antonio Brown 90 out of 100 for the Steelers Steelers edition going to Ryan P Franchise gold 168 out of 225 Ray Lewis Ed Reid Terrell Suggs Purplebirds Brett got Ryan Matthews 208 out of 225 for the Fly Eagles Fly Another randomizer here Ezekiel Elliott on one side Derek Henry on the other side It's a good good duo there 42 out of 49 I'll be a randomizer between the Cowboys and the Titans We got golden prospect synchers Nick Vannette 114 out of 199 Seahawks Bennett with the Hawks of the sea and then another versus card Uh, but these are teammates T. J. Anderson Devante Booker 81 out of 99 And those are both for Bennett and the Broncos There's Will Fuller Gold prospecting quad relic piece of the pig skin right there 18 out of 199 Charles with the Houston Texans There's Cody Kessler Two color patch and autograph I like this idea right here where they have the window hovering over the uh the the relic It's 44 out of 99 Blast from the past For Joe Cleveland this is for you And we've got Len Dawson and Herman Edwards Joe Montana and Marcus Allen Gold team symbols that's pretty cool And that will be for Kansas City. That's for Corey S I think these won't fit into a A 180 so we're gonna have to put those in slider boxes later. We'll sort that out later Next box. All right. We got Aaron Rogers to 225 Tony Romo shadow box swatches 39 out of 49 That'll be for Dallas. That's gonna go to anthony There's Dak. Oh nice. There it is sizable signatures Rookie patch and gold ink autograph Dak Prescott 51 out of 99 sizable signatures. That's a good-looking patch Nice gold ink autograph Hopefully he's bouncing back from that injury Dallas Cowboys anthony who won that spot in a filler pack got randomized the cowboys He gets the Dak Prescott Receive your pro size golden ground game To 199 and we got Paxton Lynch back here 21 out of 25 Over here, John Riggins 56 out of 100 Brian and the Washington football team Tyler Irvin mother load Three-color triple relic. That's pretty cool 12 out of 50 We got Troy brown gilded signatures Nice 10 out of 199 for brian croft and the patriots What up doc josh doxson 154 out of 249 Mother load triple relic for brian and the washington football team And 70 out of 225 franchise gold john elway terrell davis rod smith Fourth box. Good luck everyone. All right. We got archie manning 13 out of 50 Peyton's dad going to the saints and elie Antonio brown golden hands 22 out of 49 What's what's his situation these days? Is he going to end up with a team somewhere? Sterling shepherd jersey and autograph grand debut autograph 61 out of 99 I feel like he had some nice moments That'll be for benet and the new york football giants Ooh, there's the bus gerome bettis The hall of fame medallion in there three out of 25 Hall of Fame symbols It's pretty cool pretty thick card sock there too put that along with the chief's card 19 out of 225 Gold rush thurman thoms for caron And we got todd girly here 76 out of 225 todd girly for the rams It's going to be for kevin Derek henry Two-color relic golden ground game 12 out of 49 Find some of this ink would be cool benet with the titans Over there tajay sharp rookie autograph 62 out of 225 Another one for benet and the titans Shadow box watches sammy watkins 167 out of 299 or 199 that is Buffalo Karen with the bills And josh doxon 103 out of 225 rookie gold mine Brian croft and the washington football team. All right second half of this full case doing all eight boxes Apologies for being a little sniffly about some allergies It's dry and windy kicking up a lot of pollen dust in this area All right. Good luck. All right. Jerry rice 44 out of 100 For the Niners Brian There's Carson Wentz gold prospecting quad relic That's 200 out of 249 This is eagles edition See how he does in in theapolis that'll be for shon who has the philadelphia eagles There's a johnson williams metallic marks autograph buffalo Karen with the buffalo bills Blake bordles shadow box watches to 199 Ryan with the jags. We got izzie kelly at gold rush 85 out of 225 For dallas that's going to be for anthony Take her card stock on this one This is matthews tafford 51 out of 225 Lions edition for nick Corey Coleman gold prospecting quad relic to 249 Cleveland this is for you Joe with the cleveland browns There's connor cook jersey autograph rookie jersey natto Old raider to 225 That'll go to roi who's got my raiders There's vaughan miller shadow box watches 59 out of 199 Bennett with the broncos And we got an out of 25 tom brady gold nuggets card My dodgers are on the west or on they're on the east coast so They're on earlier in the day All right next box 2016 black gold football Full case random team break from jasky's case rakes.com. There's the brock lobster Do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do-do charles With the texans. There's a zico ellie a nice mother-load triple relic 31 out of 99 Cowboys looking to bounce back to the season. Hopefully everyone will be healthy anthony with the boys Cody kessler another two-color patch and autograph eight out of 99 This is for you Braxton miller gold prospecting quad relic 002 out of 199 Charles with the texans And golden arms dach prescott 25 out of 50 for anthony and the cowboys Tony rohmo 30 out of 225 Cowboys anthony big ben shadow box watches 19 out of 99 for the stealers ryan p With steel city Unfortunately, this redemption is most likely expired It's hunter henry sizable signature rookie jersey Yeah, 2018, but Panini should be able to do something for you in return. It's chargers, right? Yeah All right, so i'll be for steve birch and the bolts Got matthew stafford shadow box watches 51 out of 99 And terrell davis 217 out of 225 gold nuggets denver Bennett Two boxes to go 76 out 225 elie manning Bennett and the giants Laquan treadwell mother load 166 out of 199 triple relic for minnesota Bennett There's joey bosa his autograph three-color patch gold ink autograph 19 out of 99 Prince It's his rookie car. That's goes to steve birch Here goes steve Chargers colors always pop nicely especially against that black border there Golden hands alon robinson to 199 ryan and the jaguars Got franchise gold joe montana jerry rice ronnie lot to 225 There's jordan reed 204 out of 225 Washington ryan We got paxton lynch And demarius thomas golden opportunity dual relic six out of 10 Denver bennett Here's another kenyon drake autograph grand debut jersey in auto 55 out of 149 It's carved out a real nice career for himself. I want to say miami dolphin's anthony snow taler urvin mother load 111 out of 249 houston charles And we've got a tony rohmo 11 out of 15 Gold nuggets cart All right final box a couple randomizers Thanks everybody for watching Thanks for making this happen always good to see always fun to see a little blast in the past Play to the whistle chad Play to the whistle. We've got two falcons right here 35 out of 100 matt ryan chad dawg and the falcons with the spot that he won in the The filler break and deon sanders 44 out of 225 two falcons Got braxton miller gold prospecting quad relic 16 out of 99 Texans that's going to be for charles There's jared gough his autograph rookie jersey in auto 82 out of 225 Maybe he revives And jumps restarts jump starts his career in detroit This one still goes to the rams that'll be for kevin and the rams Sammy walkins piece of his jersey shadowbox watches to 199 Buffalo Karen in the bills gold rush to 225 Curtis martin There's paxton lynch and demarius thomas to 99 to benet and the broncos Farrell cooper jersey and autograph for the rams to 225 kevin with the ramelly brannon allen 28 out of 225 black gold rookie autograph for ryan and the jags And the last card is going to be a Titan triple relic or a triple card triple player card 46 out of 225 marcus mariotta demarco murray and derrick henry All right, sorry chad. I was hoping there was going to be a few more falcons there But at least a couple of cards going your way. Let's do a couple randomizers here So let's flip back to some new dice There's the list right there. That was todd girly and david johnson rams and cardinals And then on this side was ezekiel elliot dallis and derrick henry tennessee Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and uh, or randomize those teams one and a four five times team on top We'll get it after five One two three four and five Flipped two of the rams so that dual relic hard will go to kevin and the rams Todd girly david johnson 26 out of 49 One and a four five times for the other one one two three four And a one fifth and final time after five dallis that's going to be for anthony nice break for The dallas cowboys. There's ezekiel elliot on one side derrick henry on the other side 42 out of 49 There you go ladies and gentlemen. Let's do uh, let's do a quick little Little recap here pretty nice break Nice relics. There was that jared goff rpa a couple kenyon drakes Joey boso was pretty sharp Nice ezekiel elliot there Nice metallic marks johnathan williams Like how that looks to j sharp sterling shepherd Not a bad break at all for keselers nick vannette kenyon drake relic Just kennis dixon Good penmanship from jalen ramsey and of course we got that deck prescott A sizable signers rookie patch and autograph Nice break ladies and gentlemen. I'm joe for jaskies case breaks calm. Thanks for watching. Thanks for breaking with us And i'll see you next time for the next one. Bye. Bye


I'm Kevin Robertson, and I'm here to talk to you today about how crypto is broken. One of the big things that people talk about in terms of adoption of cryptocurrency are things like transaction speed and transaction volume and cost. But we actually believe that's not the core reason why people aren't using crypto broadly today. We believe that using crypto for most people is dangerous. If you look at a lot of the wallet apps out there, all of them warn users about their private keys. You set up a new wallet, store your private keys safely.  Now, for technical folks, that might be okay, but for most people, that's simply terrifying. The result of this is that only the most technically savvy users know how to use crypto in a self-sovereign way. Exchanges are the default for the rest of us. People go to exchanges to buy crypto, and we all understand the risks that are associated with that. Hundreds or tens of millions of dollars that have been lost on crypto exchanges over the past seven to eight years. So how is this shaped crypto and what we actually do with crypto today? Well, the simplest example is people don't use crypto to buy real things. Instead, it's there for speculative behavior. Along with that, crypto has a succession with TPS. We need to focus on transactions per second to get more users. If you build it, they will come mentality. But our thought is we're getting close to the chasm of crypto, and in order to cross that chasm safely, if we want people to use their crypto on their own and hold it on their own, we need a new solution. So we ask the question, what if crypto was more like cash? Cash has a lot of benefits to it. Billions of people understand how to use cash. Transactions are instantly final. They're largely anonymous. And if you destroy it or lose it, you're gone. It's gone.  Along with that, cash is still massively used. So a lot of folks talk about the move to credit cards or spending things digitally. But in most societies, cash is still used for transactions under $25. In order to think about if we wanna make crypto more like cash, we have to understand what cash is and what it represents. It's something distinct from money. Cash is a transferable IOU.  It means that you have to trust that that cash is real and that someone else will accept it. It's also transferable. There's been a number of experiments in this. The easiest one is printing out a private key and handing it to someone. That's great. It's incredibly cheap. But it's also technically difficult to use. And beyond the first person, it's not infinitely transferable to more and more people. Other people can simply copy the private keys. The other solution is something like a hardware wallet. Hardware wallets store the crypto in a fairly safe way. But the problem is they're not easily transferable and they're fairly expensive. And along with that, you have to trust the stack of the hardware wallet. You have to trust its firmware and its software. Recently, there's been a move towards Java smart cards. Java smart cards are great because unlike hardware wallets, they're fairly cheap. But you also can't trust them either. They have a full Java smart card operating system running on them with massive vulnerabilities. What this really boils down to is that trust in usable crypto comes down to trust in keys and key storage. And so what we're proposing is something that we're calling COM. COM is an experiment in physical crypto cash. It's transferable, it's trustworthy, and it's low cost. Maybe physical cash is what we need to actually achieve price stability out in the world against crypto. Rather than stabilizing crypto against fiat, which is inflationary, we can have crypto, which you can actually use to spend on goods and services. Let's talk a little bit about how COM works. It has a printed face value on it. It's really simple to understand how much you have and how much you can spend. It's tied to a smart contract. So unlike a hardware wallet, it's not storing the asset directly on it, but rather the smart contract does that for us. And what that means is that we get all of the security benefits of the EVM. It's got a time lock on it. Crypto cash is not a prepaid gift card. You can't pull the crypto off of it immediately. That's a really important feature because if I hand this to someone else, they have to have a good expectation that the crypto is actually backing it. And lastly and most importantly, a secure element chip. And we'll talk exactly about how that functions in a moment. This is all somewhat familiar because in some countries cash used to work this way. In fact, in the early 20th century, you could actually take certain notes and exchange them for precious metals at the Federal Reserve. Crypto cash is similar. At the end of the time lock, you can take your Kong and you can retrieve yourself the token that is backing it. So let's come back to the secure element. The secure element is the most important part of crypto cash because it's where it stores the keys. But there's a few issues with secure elements today. Many of them allow you to load code onto them, but there's a handful that don't. They're only configurable. You can generate an ECDSA key pair, get the public portion, but not the private portion. By design, the private portion is locked up forever. You can get signatures out of it, however, to verify that in fact, that device is the authentic device containing those keys. The only problem with this is that existing secure elements that operate like this run on P256. P256 is not the native curve used in Bitcoin and Ethereum. K1 is. But the great thing is we can use a smart contract to bridge the two. So what we do is the smart contract is the custodian of the tokens for the time lock period, and then it also has the public key in P256 form. Because of smart contracting, we can have a P256 proxy contract, which understands that key and can verify the signatures for us. Broadly, we believe that KONG is the first of a new kind of device that we're calling Silo. Effectively, they're silicon lock contracts. They remove all of the security required in trusting a hardware wallet stack, and they put it on chain into the EVM. If you can trust in your chip and your key storage, everything else is open and auditable. You don't need to worry about some firmware bug. You don't need to worry about someone messing with your hardware wallet in transit. This can be used for all sorts of applications, not just money. You could do this for asset tracking. You could do this for art, NFTs, et cetera, et cetera. But this brings us to the next conclusion, which is if this is the right way to store crypto in a usable way that you can hand from person to person, we need to think about the chips that we're putting it onto. And the next step is that we need to look really closely at opening up that silicon. This is an example of a chip that was in a Samsung Galaxy product from 2011. And here the designer took some liberties and it actually putting art at a gate level into the chip. Now that's all nice and fun, but what if instead he put in a few gates that extract the private keys? Millions of people might be using this device with really secure open source stack on top of it, but if somebody has the ability to pull the private keys off of it, all of those guarantees are for naught. We're proposing a new project, which we're calling ARCs. And I don't have enough time today to go super into detail on ARCs, but effectively the notion is this. We need to think about trustworthiness in our chips and we need to put bounties behind them. So think about it this way. If you have a chip out in the wild and it says it can only store private keys on it, then that's what it should do. And if someone can extract the private key, then the bounty is yielded. We could use this model for much higher things in the stack as well, but if we can do it on silicon chips, we can create incentives for people to start breaking them and saying, if I can make money from this, then that's useful. Securing crypto is only the first step though. One of the big pieces of this is that keys underpin everything. So when you log into Google or Facebook or even a decentralized service like using PGP or Signal or Talks, all of these things are reliant on key storage. And so if we can have better key storage, we can change the dynamic so that when you go and set up a user who's not technically savvy, they can have key storage which is tangible and understandable and way less risky than a private key that could be extracted or pulled off. There's something really interesting that's happened since 2009. In 2009, we had this breakdown and trust in the financial system, which arguably is one of the big reasons why Bitcoin took off. In the 10 years since then, however, we've had this rise of all of these online apps and online services in the web 2.0 era. But what we're finally seeing in 2019 is people are realizing that maybe that wasn't such a great idea. Maybe trusting Google, maybe trusting Facebook with all this data wasn't what we needed. And Snowden revealed that, that even if we use things like HTTPS, when the government inserts themselves in between servers, we can't trust that our data is not being spied on. Now everyone in this room knows about this and we're all working to solve this problem. But if people can't store their keys in a way that's understandable, then how are they not just gonna go again and delegate it to a third party in the same way that they're using exchanges? This brings us to a few simple conclusions. The first is that we need usable, self-sovereign crypto. People storing crypto on exchanges is not the way that we intended for it to work. If people continue to do that, we're just gonna have more breaches and more losses and decrease the overall trust in the system. And moreover, exchanges are really there just to encourage speculative behavior. But if instead we want people to spend crypto, having it in a physical form that's easy to do that and trustworthy is really important. The second is that to achieve this, we need an open hardware stack, starting at a silicon level. We need to look really closely at how our chips are made and we need to think about incentives behind those so that if I go out and build an open chip, and I discover after the fact that that chip has a bug in it or someone's built a backdoor into it, then there are crypto economic repercussions to that. Somebody effectively has to pay. So what this brings us to is that what we've designed today, com is physical crypto cash, it works, and it's the first silicon lock crypto. But this is really just a demonstration of what we can start to build for the space in terms of all sorts of silicon lock crypto, for things ranging to NFTs, to crypto art, to then all of the keys backing our services so that our users don't delegate them by accident to other services which in turn will break down the trust. Thank you very much for your time today. Come find us, we have the metal briefcases and we're handing out Kong and we'd love for everyone to test it. I'm Cameron Robertson, thanks a lot.


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QuickBooks Online 2022, inter-transaction for owner withdrawal or personal payment using bank feeds. Get ready because it's go time with QuickBooks Online 2022. Here we are in our bank feed practice file we set up with a 30-day free trial holding down control, scrolling up a bit to get to the 125% we're currently in the home page. Otherwise, no one is the get things done page in the business view as compared to the accounting view. If you wanted to change to the accounting view it's something you can do by going to the cog up top, switch to accounting view down below. We will be toggling back and forth between the two views either by going here or jumping over to the sample company file currently in the accounting view. Back on over to the bank feed practice file. Let's open a few tabs to put reports in right clicking on the tab up top, duplicating it back to the tab to the left, right clicking again, duplicating again, back to the tab to the left one more time, right clicking again, duplicating again. As that is thinking let's see where the reports are located over in the accounting view. They're on the left hand side under the reports. If we go back on over to the business view we're in the second tab. We're going to be in the business overview on the left hand side. Then we're going to go into the reports.  We're going to open up one of the favorite reports that being the financial statement report of the balance sheet. Range change 010121 to 123121 and run it tab to the right. Going back on over to the business overview again for another report. Closing up the hamburger, going to the profit and loss, the P and L, the income statement. Range change from 010121 to 123121 and run. Then one more time, tab to the right, going to the business overview again into the reports. This time we're looking for the trial balance, less well known but a good report to get to know. You should get to know it because it's a good one. Doing the range change up top from 010121 to 123121 and run. It basically balance sheet on top of the income statement without the subtotals here.  If you're not used to debits and credits you can still drill down on these transactions quite easily and use one report to get an idea of your data input. Now let's go back to the first tab and open up our bank feed information which in the business view is under the bookkeeping on the left hand side. Transactions up top in the banking tab up top. If you were in the accounting view it would be under the banking up top in the accounting view. Back on over these are going to be the transactions that we pulled in from our financial institution. In this case we're thinking checking account but for which has not been added from what I would call here bank feed limbo into the promised land of helping us to generate or verify the financial statements balance sheet and income statement or otherwise the trial balance type of accounts. So the scenario here we're going to be taking a look at if something comes out we see it clearing on the bank feeds but it's going to be a type of transfer or withdrawal that is going to be a draw for personal use something that's going to be used for personal use. Now there's a couple different scenarios this one can be a little confusing people often mix this kind of thing up so we want to get an idea of how we're going to be treating the draws because if we don't we're going to record it improperly on the income statement and that can have tax impacts and so on with it. So let's get an idea of it if we go to the balance sheet here what's happening of course is there's going to be a decrease to the checking account the decrease to the checking account if it was set up properly then what we typically want to have is anything that's going to go to our or for our personal use is going to be taken out by a cash withdrawal possibly or a transfer from the business account to the personal account. That would be the general rule so that we can clearly identify the draw and when doing so we can record it down below as an equity section activity in other words cash would go down the other side would go to equity possibly an account that will set up that will be called draws that will be the most clear kind of thing or way that we can see this now also just realize in terms of bookkeeping in general usually you got your business account and then of course your personal account which is going to be separate with regards to your your actual QuickBooks files and the general idea would be that you would want to do the same for your financial transactions in terms of your checking account being different from your business versus your personal and your credit cards accounts being different from business versus the personal that makes it as clear cut as possible so that you can know exactly once you do something with a business account that it is a business transaction and you can clearly see the transfers if you say the transfers are going to a personal account that we can see that that's going to be the way that it will happen each time so the idea would be that we're going to have a generation of revenue in the business account we're going to take some of that most likely and reinvest it back into the company but the amounts that we're not going to do that for the amount that we want to then take out for our personal use then in the form of a sole proprietorship or partnership that's called a draw if it was a corporation that would be a dividend we're going to take that money out you can also think about payroll and whatnot if it was a S corporation and stuff we're not going to get into that but we're going to take the money out with a draw and then we're going to use that on the personal side of things so you want to make that as clear distinction as clear cut as possible for your own bookkeeping ease to do and if you're having someone else do the bookkeeping you want to keep it as clear cut as possible so that they know exactly what is happening even though they don't have an idea of you know what your typical what you typically do generally they might not know exactly what your business is but they don't have to distinguish between what is a personal transaction versus a business transaction because they're only handling the business books and old transactions in it are going to be business related except those that you're pulling out for personal use that would be the easiest thing to do however sometimes a small business and this could work for a small business larger businesses are going to of course want a really clear separation of duty and are going to have requirements the larger you have to have external reporting needs of your financial statements and the taxes often need more full reporting in terms of your balance sheet and income statement but if you're a small company like if you have a small sole proprietorship and you're doing like gig work or something like that and possibly it's not a large part of your income even or you know you have business and personal but it's a small business then you could try to use class tracking we have some business we have some some presentations on that as well what that will do is every time you record a transaction you could try to distinguish whether it is a personal transaction or a business transaction something that's way harder to do for an external bookkeeper because they don't know your business so they don't know if it should be personal or business it gets a little bit more difficult but if you're doing your books you might say I'm going to try to break out my transactions to business and personal and then on the income statement you'll have two line items one will be for the business one will be for the personal and then the total and if you're a sole proprietorship for taxes your primary need often is the income statement to fill out the schedule C in the United States at least for your income taxes and that could be something that you can do and basically be able to use the same company file and you're going to be using co-mingled accounts you might have one check-in account and one credit card accounts where you have business and personal transactions again best practice would be to separate those but if you have a small business many people don't and so the class tracking is one way that you could do that and you can basically then use one QuickBooks file to sort your business and personal at least on the income statement side with the class tracking and that could work fairly well as well we have some courses on that we won't get into that any more detail at this time but that's one option and then and then the the other thing that could happen is you could say okay what if I have my business account but I spend some money on personal stuff I take some money out of the checking account and I spend it on personal stuff like I went to Disneyland or something like that and it wasn't meals and entertainment on the business side it was a personal thing I can't really say it was meals and entertainment or anything then you'd have to say well it came out of the checking account the other side shouldn't be going to the income statement on a business perspective of meals and entertainment for example but rather should be going into the equity section so you can record that transaction into the equity account as a draw and that would be similar to imagining that it was money that was drawn out in terms of a cash withdrawal to the personal and then the personal went out and spent it on the Disneyland or whatever in that case so on the business side it's still just basically a draw even though you spent it you didn't take it out as cash you spent it directly on the trip to Disneyland so we'll still record it as a draw one of the problems with that is on the personal side of things you're not getting the recording you're not really tracking this on the personal side of things maybe you a lot of people don't track in the same detail on the personal side anyways because they don't need it for taxes or whatnot but in any case on the business side of things we can record it as a draw so those are going to be some of the transactions we'll take a look at let's go to the first tab and look at the simplest way that we can set this thing up and just say we have a transfer that's going to be happening so let's take a look at this for a transaction we're going to imagine this is a reoccurring transaction that's coming out of our checking account and it's going into our personal account so anytime we see something going into our personal account then we could say okay that that's going to be a reoccurring or a transfer that I can basically say it's going to be a draw that's going to be happening now note that QuickBooks basically recorded it as a transfer you could record it as a category item which would be an expense type of form typically right it would be the same kind of expense type of form that would be decreasing however if you record it as a transfer then it's kind of saying hey the transfer gives you an indication that this is going to basically yourself and often times the transfer would be used if it was two accounts within the same company file you think that then you really want a transfer because if you didn't use a transfer and it was going from one checking account to a savings account then you're going to have one side will be if you used an expense form the expense form would look right on the on the account that it's going out of like the checking account but then the expense form would be used for an increase into the savings account which would look kind of funny so the transfer kind of indicates that hey this money is going to yourself in this case it's still going outside of this entity which is the business entity but in essence it's going to the owner so you might think of it as a transfer there so I'm going to say then the other side needs to go somewhere else and we're going to have to add an account I want to add an account because I want it to go to an equity account we don't want it going to an expense account that's the main point because if it went to an expense account then it would be decreasing our net income and that would be incorrect because it doesn't have to do with our net income it's going to be a draw now I am in the the business view and I don't like the way they add the accounts here on the business view so I'm going to right click on the tab up top duplicate the tab switch on over to the accounting view and then add the account to the general ledger so I'm going to hit the drop down up top in the cog the cog drop down and let's switch us over to the accounting view so we can do stuff in the in the chart of accounts so I'm going to scroll down and say I'm going to go down to my accounting accounting and then go into the chart of accounts closing up the hamburger and I'm going to make a new account here and notice you don't have to go into to the chart of accounts to make a new account you can do it as you do the bank feeds however I would be if you were in the accounting view would be easier to do and at least at this point in time in my opinion so I'm going to hit the drop down here and we're going to say that this is going to be an equity type of account that's the key point and it's going to be a draw so it's going to be some kind of draws account so we've got owners equity I'll call it personal expenditure this one doesn't really matter too much you want to make sure that the name ties out and the equity type or the main thing I'm going to call this the owner draw if it was a partnership it could be called partnership draw if it was a corporation it would be dividends dividends are a little bit trickier but that would be the general idea so there we're going to have it let's save it so now we've got that if we look at it in order of type we're going to go down there's our equity on the draws let's go back to the bank feeds I'm going to refresh this thing let's refresh the screen by hitting this little refresh button and going back into it okay so there we have it so now I'm in the transfer I'm going to go into this item and say now it's going to be an owner draw an owner draw that's the one we want memo is here we could then create a rule for it but I'm not going to at this point because it's just going to be our practice here but obviously if it's going if it was a transfer like this we do have the information that would be required to make a rule which would make this a lot easier in future timeframes let's go ahead and add it what's going to happen well let's see we're going to go over to the balance sheet and scrolling up top and let's run it again run it again and then I'm going to go into the checking account let's go drilling down to the source docs on the checking and let's scroll it back down and then we're going to have this was a transfer a transfer of scroll down a little bit more the 75 right there if I go into it we use a transfer form as opposed to an expense form there it is notice if I close this out it's acting like the expense form it's it's like a check or an expense form it's a decrease to the checking account but the transfer gives me an indication that it's going to myself in some way or going to the same entity or in this case outside of the business entity into the personal account so then we're going to go down and the other side is still on the balance sheet we added an account in the equity section called draws so within the draws you're going to see the same transfer transaction that's the point so there it is scrolling back up and going back on over the point being it's not going to the income statement so if I went to the income statement I don't see anything here that's going to be an increase to an expense so I didn't record it to an expense because it went to me the owner and it was it's not part of the income statement accounts that's going to be the thing that we want to make clear and distinguish distinguish a bowl it becomes more difficult to do that if you actually spend money out of the checking account on personal stuff because then when you go into the bank feeds you have to determine whether this is a personal thing or a business thing which might not be too difficult but it's a bit more tedious especially for an outside bookkeeper and then again if you are doing that system where you are spending money out of the same checking account for personal and business think about using class tracking possibly because then you could you could break that out that way or you could do the draws or you could basically record those personal expenditures as a draw so let's take a look at that option so let's pick up this one this one is is life insurance that we so but let's say let's say this was for personal personal and it came out of the business account so we're going to say okay so the dates here it's we're going to say primary care here we put it into investments before so now we're going to imagine it was for something that we spent on personal use and and for the business side it doesn't really matter what it was on the personal use unless we were trying to track business and personal making an income statement on the personal side as well possibly with the use of class tracking but if all we needed to do if we're not doing class tracking on the business side is determine that it was for personal use and then say that it's not going to go to any expense account but rather it's going to be going to a draws account for us here kind of mimicking the idea that what should have happened is the money came out of the checking account on the business side to the personal side and then they spent it on whatever they spend it on which doesn't matter for the business side of things so we're just going to determine it was personal and put this transaction then to draws that means that it's going to be on the equity section not on the income statement if I didn't do that correctly which is a lot more difficult for an external bookkeeper to do because they're not going to be able to know as easily whether it is business or personal if they put it on the business side of things possibly putting like meals and entertainment for example can be quite expansive if people put things like restaurants Disneyland or what not these kind of things trips onto meals and entertainment because the bookkeeper didn't know if they were personal or not and you have this huge amount in meals and entertainment or miscellaneous these are catch all type of accounts that often get bloated with stuff that's actually personal if you then record your taxes that way that then the iris could say hey that's kind of a red flag if you have this huge amount in meals and entertainment or if this huge amount in miscellaneous expenses because they didn't know where to put it or then so you want to be careful it should be going to the draws instead of to the income statement and notice if it goes to the income statement as some kind of expense it's going to lower your net income which if you're trying to get a loan would be bad because it would make you look worse if you're for taxes it would be good because if that means it would be something that could be a deduction possibly but it wouldn't be an actual deduction and that means you know so if you report a bunch of deductions that aren't correct on your taxes then you could get you know you could get audited at some point in time and that would be bad so in any case it should go to draws and that's going to be the idea so let's go ahead and add that one and see what it looks like going back then to the balance sheet let's run this one again holding control scrolling up a bit and then I'm going to go I'm going to go to the checking account drill down to the source docs in the checking account so this was for the 70 something was it it was for now that was for this 2550 so there it is right there now this one's an expense form we've recorded it as an expense form here and the other side is going to draws and so notice if you could actually use even on an ex something like this that you actually bought something with it you might use the transfer form in that case to try to indicate that it was a that it was a draw that might make it a little bit easier to see when you look at the detail here that it was business versus personal but in the case that is that I'm going to go back on over the other side the other side is going to be down here in the equity section in the draw so if I go into the draws the they're both recorded as draws even though one of them was actually a cash withdrawal or transfer from a business account to the other account the other was actually spent out of the business account on something personal but we still record it as draws on the business side of things because it's not a business transaction kind of mirroring the idea that the money was taking out and then spent on something on the personal side and the point being on the income statement if I jump on over to the profit and loss we've got no expense over here if you recorded it incorrectly you would have an expense here like meals and entertainment or miscellaneous or some catch-all account that would then bring down that income and again if you record deductions with this stuff that has personal stuff in it on the tax return then you could get if there's an audit that they could cause a problem.


The collecting duct is the one structure that is going to travel from the cortex of the kidney all the way down to the medulla and ultimately to the renal papilla, where you can see we're going to dump urine. By the time it gets out of the collecting duct, it is urine, and we're going to dump that into the minor calyx. The collecting duct, the tubules start out with a simple cuboidal epithelium. It was in there. And eventually as they get farther down toward the renal papilla, they actually turn into a columnar epithelium. And there's some thinking that that might have to do with the characteristics of the medulla, the interstitial fluid found in the medulla, which is related to function, which we won't talk about. The column line, the collecting ducts, the ascending and descending loops of Henle, that's who we're going to see in the medulla from a histological perspective. How do you feel about your amazing kidneys? Do you like love them so much? Me too. Okay, I'll see you someday. Bye-bye.