Hey guys she bear 1,000 here We are going to do a challenge. I guess it's on Facebook stuff. This is from my niece Courtney I am challenged to do a cleaning on something greasy with brick cleaner and Monster energy drink Stay tuned. Okay guys. We're back What we have here We have three items. All right none of these Companies endorse me or anything like that We have a greasy gas tank out of my nieces if you watch the video of where her Weed eater was blown up This is the gas tank out of it right here It's a little greasy. It's I mean it's really honestly the only greasy thing I have We have some break cleaner here. Like I said, I don't you know, I don't know anything I've never used this kind before so I don't know but it is break cleaner We have Monster energy drink it's unopened right here another product I don't want to show up because they don't endorse me but I'm gonna endorse him I guess We've got some Miller here. It is a it is open so What we're gonna do is we're gonna do some cleaning with a break cleaner and we're gonna do some cleaning With a monster now the reason why this is here. It's for drinking. That's why it's open now What we're gonna do we've got two on each side see that there's I've cut these out of an old washcloth or well wash towel or whatever we call it's not a cloth because it was bigger And more like a towel pretty much the same The same length and everything This is not science guys. This is just like a little challenge or whatever that's going on on Facebook But that's cool because my niece has been trying to get me some challenges, but let's see what's going on here Okay, like I said, it's not science if it was we would be way way in the ounces and all that What we're going to excuse me what we're going to do So I'm gonna take this first one right here and I am going shake the scan up and Spray a little bit on here Bare little this break cleaner on here, and I'm gonna do this left side right here Now I've got this marked with just an ink pen so I have to be careful. Okay, so we're gonna put this on there All right now we'll set this here. I want to do the same thing now Guys, please forgive me. I'm not going to shake this up. Okay, but see and That's why so let's get some of this on here. Okay And let's put it on the right side Okay, I did just put a little bit over on the left side, but maybe it'll help it out. I don't know So That's what we got so right now You know It's pretty much the same Like I said, I don't endorse these companies. I do not drink the break cleaner. I do not drink the monster However, I do drink the beer All right, see Now let's wipe this off and this is this is real well not Right here because that's ink pen but all these things you see up here if you can see them These are grease things Okay, I'm gonna wipe this off with this one Okay, so like that And on this side What this is like that? Okay now Like I said, this is not science. I'm not getting real ridiculous with it, but my niece bless her heart She's awesome. Now we've got an ink pen up here, right? So smudging and down here so smudging Okay, there we go. What I'm gonna do here on the back is another ink line Now it doesn't go all the way through like I said, this is not real technical There we go because it's missing something here, but what I'm gonna do Is I'm gonna take the break clean and I'm not gonna spray any more on it still damp and Let's see what it does With the ink pen as you can see there's like a label here. So it kind of Is about that size there. So let's see what happens here Now this is like I said, I haven't re sprayed it or anything. Okay, there's that now Same way with this one This is from the monster drink See what happens here with the ink pan With ink pan it comes right all this is with the monster drink guys So you can see there's a monster drink I'm setting it right there's a monster drink this is from Yeah, that's what I dried it with this is from the break cleaner as You can see I'm still Scrubbing and it's pretty evaporated okay now Let's try the energy energy Damn it energy drink All right Let's see what happens on here see what's left here guys. This is what it did on the back that line down through there's gone so Break cleaner versus energy drink right here. Wow. Oh My goodness Wow, there you have it. There you have it. Let's Like I said, it's not science. Let's Drive this off and let's give two marks here There's mark Do more on this side because this is going to be the monster. This is going to be break clean. Okay? There we go now Here we go guys the spray Saturated it's saturated. Can you see it running over my hands? Yeah, it's saturated now. Let's do the monster energy drink It's saturated you can hear it spilling, but it's only like on that corner. You can see where it's wet Okay now Let's start with a break clean That way gives it time You know, they're both going to evaporate syndrome. Let's try this That time it worked pretty good. There's a little bit right there now I see What the stuff I Mean immediately if you can see this right there It took off what the break cleaner couldn't now. I really don't know Why this is actually a challenge But I love it.  I? Mean as far as I'm concerned Where can you go see me? As far as I'm concerned, I think just for this little test The monster energy drink beat the break foot or the break Cleaner now like I said this cheap. I don't know I've never used this brand, but it's still break cleaner. You can smell it. It's got a light like I don't know If it's got alcohol, I don't know I'm not going to read all That I don't know what's in it but Just like this. I'm not going to read What's all in this? But we are drinking this And we know it cleans the ink off of a plastic gas tank better Than this I'm not cutting either product down. I don't I don't drink either one of them I do have her drink this But that was pretty cool Courtney. I love you and I miss you I'll see you soon. I will live an hour away. So it's not for as we used to be we used to be like 1200 miles away But Courtney, I love you Brian. I love you. That's her husband if Webster would put Brian in the dictionary. He would be The husband. I mean he's he's greater. He's awesome. Love you to Brian, but Like I said, I will drink this and I'll have a toast to you guys and You know, sorry about You know being so late on the first vlog, but like I said we were I was sick and Working and still am but anyway, so anyhow guys That's that's what I guess a good comparison would be to do Like the brakes on our c-bring or on the truck Well, the trucks already been done brakes have been done on the c-bring as well, but probably Yeah, about three months before we got it hasn't been driven at all. Sorry about that guys. Anyway, what I was saying was Drink what you want whatever We will get To do this again on the car or something one on each side and we'll see where it goes from there So I don't know like I said, I don't drink monster. I don't drink the Break cleaner Whatever, but anyway, Courtney. Love you. Thanks for giving me this challenge. I gotta go. I got a battery light blinking Ran out of space earlier. So anyway, all right guys I want to give a couple shout-outs to to Tammy's adventures and Jody Jackson and also, I want to give a shout out to Anse Jones, I appreciate you guys and Hopefully you appreciate us. You must you've been hanging out with us for a long time Me and way guys I've got to go now because I am like done on battery. I change the battery, but and I had it on charger Cheap things you order off there and that right but listen guys. Thanks for watching. There's what we go. Like I said It's not science. I didn't weigh anything I didn't but as you can see it, you know, I try to make it kind of close as you can see it You know proofs into pudding. So whatever you guys want to do anyway. Thanks guys and we'll see you in the next one Bye. Bye now. Take care


I'm not getting shot at, I can breathe. I have shelter, I have food and I have water. I'm a little bit, you're like, what's the problem? Yeah, it really does. It gives you perspective and you're like, I'm not fighting for my life right now. I can breathe. I'll get through this, whatever it is.


Well, good afternoon, and welcome back. So we're talking to you about why it's important that free and open source licenses are neutral on the question of what purpose they're used or what purpose the software is used for. The reason for doing this is that there was, late last year, yet another resurgence of conversation about the idea that free and open source licenses should be improved by rolling in terms about the ethical use of the software, constraining the user, constraining the license on an obligation or undertaken by the user to operate under certain ethical principles. There are various options, but that's the broad picture. So it occurred to me that it might be appropriate to address this because it doesn't get taught about much, and most of it has been forgotten about. It was discussions that happened 20 years ago. And so part of it also is just our origins and remembering who we are and what we're about. The grandfather for all of this is the Free Software Foundation's Freedom Zero, so-named actually because of the zeroth law of thermodynamics, the idea that the most fundamental freedom that's embedded in software is the freedom to use the program. The software freedoms that the FSF propagates, there are actually four of them, I won't go into details, but the baseline is the ability to use the program. If you can't, then what's the point? The rationale for this, and this is Stormer at FSF, is that every non-free program has a lord, a master, and if you use the program, he is your master. This is the rationale for the GNU project, the Free Software Foundation, copy that for licensing the F in the name of Fossasia, this is what it's about. The fact that unless licenses are constructed, unless software is constructed, so that developers do not control users, then inevitably a power imbalance arises and developers will control users. So it's in fact the point of Free Software to say it is not okay for a developer to decide what a user can do other than to decide whether to use or not use the software. But the point was to create a body of software licensed in this way. Hello, you may enter. So the Free Software Foundation is sort of fairly unapologetically about human rights and isn't shy about saying so. This puts a lot of people off. And in the 90s, Bruce Perry and others realized that there was scope for the use of open-source software, or free software at the time, in a for-profit context. But maybe we could brand it a bit better to stop scaring corporate types away from talk about human rights and domination and lords. And so parents wrote the Debian Free Software Guidelines. This was the definition that the Debian organization would adhere to in deciding what licenses it would permit on software that made up part of the Debian distribution. So this is where this thing really starts to become embedded in the systems that we now use. And so the Debian group established the 10-11 term definition and then set about rooting out of the Debian distribution anything which had a license that didn't meet these rules. The same, almost the same rules made their way into the open-source initiatives definition. I said, okay, let's do this, but do it with the corporate branding. But the wording and explanation are almost identical. The way this was addressed was not that the user was free to do anything, but rather a positive, sorry, do a look at it, but rather stating explicitly the license must not discriminate against a person or group. And separately that it must not discriminate against any field of endeavor. And the sort of hot button example that was offered at the time was genetic research, particularly for the genetic modification of food. So these were ideas that were present not as part of a program to enshrine human freedom, which is what the Free Software Foundation was about, but as part of a campaign to make the idea of using software where the source code was available to everyone as part of how corporations would do business. And that meant providing the groundwork for a very open method of collaboration. I'll come back to that later when I talk about Kosoz Penguin. But that is critical, that first and foremost, while Free Software is about the freedom of individuals, open source is about an open collaboration technique. So okay, you might have heard a lot and thought, well, that's great, but I wanna decide who gets to use my work or what they use it for. I really don't like the motivating example of ladies ice-putting children on babies in cages. There are various other things you might object to, but so you're left with this, but hey, I want to decide, I'm contributing and I should have a say in that. Well, okay, it's your code, you make the rules. Tophal's famously pointed this out about the next kernel. Yes, when do you like, but he wrote the initial kernel and put a GNUGPL lessons on it. If you don't like that, then don't use it. So fine, let's look at how this plays out. And certainly the reason that it is, okay. So all right, this sounds like good stuff. These two are great documents. The stuff in them is good. We all think they're excellent. Why shouldn't a license include these as a use limits and forget the enforcement mechanism, that's more complicated, but just the principle of having these two documents embedded as a use limits for software. Why is that a problem? Can't we do that? Obviously we can all agree that these are good things, can't we? Okay, let's look at it. UDHR is 30 something articles, here are two of them. Yeah, 1948, this is the next problem. Because, so part of the argument is, and I'll get to that in a moment. So this is immediately after World War II where a particular approach to the relationship between an individual and the state had gotten a bit out of control, attempted to destroy an entire ethnic group, like literally physically kill them, and as a side effect, it killed like 10, 50 million people. So yeah, everyone was like, this hasn't worked. Let's think differently. I'll get to why that's also inappropriate a bit later. The point of it, here are two articles. I'm drawing these out because this is an area that I work in. No one should be subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, his correspondence, no tax on reputation, and protection of the law for those things, and rights of freedom to expression to hold opinions without interference to seek, receive, impart information through any medium and so forth. So okay, so far so good. Hopefully we're all okay with these. These seem like good things that should be okay and how could it possibly be a bad idea to embed these? Because this is the actual text that's being incorporated by reference into the hypocrite license part of it. How could that possibly be a bad idea? Well, the first thing is in fact, the point that I've noted. This is written in 1948. First enforceable laws didn't appear for more than 20 years. It's the gap between agreeing a set of principles and documenting a law that's enforceable is enormous. It's not a simple thing at all. But worse than that, these were single state laws within Germany and they dealt with specific pieces of processing. To be fair, automated data processing wasn't very advanced at this stage. So perhaps the limited form of the risk was part of the reason for the delay. But it's not as though the rest of the UDHR got itself rolled into every piece of law worldwide. A great deal faster. Another 25 years goes by, and finally the European Commission and Parliament issued a directive in 1995, which runs to that 12,000 words. And all it does is turns those two paragraphs into actionable law. It's a 12,000 word document which took almost half a century to appear. 20 years of experience of that gave rise to GDPR, which we all know and love, which is more than four times the size of that. Being capable of determining whether a particular action complies with GDPR is difficult. It's worthwhile, it's a fantastic piece of law and a major proponent of this thing. But to say yes in order to meet the terms of a license which embeds the UDHR, you are necessarily embedding some sort of embodiment in workable law. We're now talking stuff that runs dozens of pages and needs professionals to interpret. So it's not feasible. You can't, an individual program, or even in some cases, a mid-sense organization, cannot look at a bit of software and say, yes we do or no we don't comply with everything in the UDHR under every conceivable interpretation. Come back to, oh, in fact, yes, that's my next point. And for this reason it's completely the wrong tool for the job. Human rights principles, enforceable laws, enforceable regulations, and contractor license terms are for quite different things. They're intended for using quite different situations. Most importantly, the human rights principles were intended as a starting point for creating enforceable laws and regulations. They're intended for situations where human lives are being seriously harmed, where they're being harmed by states who have the right to use force to enforce their will and where the states are high enough that therefore courts are involved, case by case, to determine what is and isn't the law. It just isn't simple to determine. It's not because the one or both parties are being dishonest. It's simply difficult to determine whether a particular act is or is not compatible with the intention of the principles that alone, sorry, of the regulation that alone laws and principles. And so these things are extraordinarily inappropriate for moving from the law relating to states, which is where the use of force is involved and therefore courts review into the laws of private contract. And particularly for open source communities where the decisions are made at a very low level and very low stakes where nobody can afford a panel of lawyers to determine the consequences of incorporating the entire gamut of human rights into a license agreement. So okay, you're not convinced. You think that's fine. We still think these are such good things that should be put in. And in cases where we can definitely prove that someone has breached, then it'd be a good thing to have that because they're all good. We can't possibly object to them, can we? Pretty well every person in this room draws some or all of their income from a company whose business is automating something that used to take more human beings. Under one interpretation, every single one of us makes a living out of breaching Article 23. We are impeding the ability of other human beings to enter living. Now, hopefully, no one in this room would think that that was a bad thing, that over time we're all reasonably convinced that human beings adapt and the available labor adapts to the available demand and people learn things and the problem goes away. But certainly under one set of interpretations, what it is most of us own our livings doing breaches this article. So if we're starting to embed this particular set of ideas as principles into licenses, we're now creating minefields for ourselves, for our employers, for our customers. So what I'm suggesting is that these are sort of well-intentioned attempts to impede bad people. It's like, here's a thing that is being made use of to advance some interest. The recent one was ice putting babies in cages. Here's a thing where we could exert some control. Therefore, we must. Like, this is not, that conclusion doesn't hold. Yes, sticking babies in cages is appalling. The use of human rights principles in open source licensing is just not a good tool. It's a bad fit for licensing. But also, even if you buy the rest of what I said, it's not compatible with FOS communities. I'll touch this again at the Coases Penguin section, but FOS communities in particular are diverse people who have conflicting interests and often don't like each other very much. We succeed in spite of that. We succeed because we're able to facilitate collaborative work by extremely diverse groups of people and groups of people who in many cases are either direct commercial competitors. Think the phone manufacturers and the GPU manufacturers who contribute on the Linux kernel. They work directly with their competitors and yet they cooperate. Certainly who despise each other. There's all been a number of places where some subset of the developers or users of an open source tool doesn't much like the others. But perhaps most critically, it's unlikely to stop the bad guys. For a number of reasons. The bad guys are human rights abusers in the Middle East where human rights law has no effect at all and in any event the licenseeers who are upset about it are unlikely to be able, unlikely to have standing to bring an action in front of a court. Perhaps closer to home, certainly the US, the such licenses could be, under one interpretation, voided completely by simply outsourcing. Okay, ICE can't be the licensee but in any event they tend to outsource their IT functions. The IT guys can be the licensees. Boom. You've achieved literally nothing. But okay, suppose both of those are true. That, sorry, they're both unavailable. That we have an actual mal-factor zone. We all agree is bad. Who's inside a jurisdiction? Who is subject to being sued? And so this is not impossible. The Free Software Foundation has repeatedly successfully gotten license abusers to come clean, famously Cisco with the Lynx's firmware but there are apparently dozens of others. Okay, so let's say all that's, we're at the point where we really could haul them in front of a judge and get the problem solved. What's the solution? Fine, stop using the open source component and go and pay for a closed one. At which point we've royally shut ourselves in the foot. The last thing we wanna do is divert money from economic actors out of the pockets of open source developers working for companies that develop and share it into the pockets of open source developers who work for companies that don't. This is not, it completely fails to understand that the organization that you're seeking to control isn't going to be controlled.  Success. So that's sort of the other part of the argument is that we all benefit from the work of people that we profoundly disagree with and in some cases we even despise. And this might be familiar to those who've studied political science. This of course is exactly what goes on in representative politics. In a parliament or a congress, this is precisely the deal. No one says, hey, this is perhaps not entirely true. In a civilized society, no one says, hey, we don't like you, we wanna make sure you don't get to participate. You don't get to work, you don't get to own, you don't get to vote, you don't get to do anything, you don't get to eat. So it's not as though there is a lack of precedent in civilized society for people who disagree profoundly or even who despise each other to nonetheless cooperate. And I'd suggest that that's this area that we profit in. And indeed, this is pro-social. One of the arguments is, hey, they're doing something anti-social, we should exclude that from the license. No, it is the ability to cooperate with people that we don't like or that we don't know aren't our family. Easy in fact, the basis for civilized behavior. But I don't like those people. So okay, no, that's all right, big button. I don't like that bad people will do bad things with software contributed to. So this is the broad social control problem. At least if you're honest about it, it is. If you're not, if all you're saying is, I don't care that they're doing those things, I just don't want anything I worked on to seem to be helping them.  You only care about your own reputation. So that's the virtue signaling half. Let's assume that's not the case. This then becomes a social control question. How does a society ensure that a variety of bad things don't happen? And laws and regulations are by no means the only way of doing it. They're not even the major way of doing it. Custom, particularly civility, the fact that we don't routinely beat each other in the streets is a much, much larger piece of the puzzle. And part of that is remaining civil around people that we don't like. Religion is a surprisingly important one. And although this might seem remote to what we all do for a living, the Vatican recently published a specific call for ethics in the use of AI. Religious organizations are getting directly involved and I am in fact, although I'm not a religious man, and have all kinds of problems with what religion does and has done. I would argue that religions do have a direct part to play in helping to shape the norms of a society, hopefully, mostly for the better. Professional ethics is hugely important. If you're sort of doctors, lawyers, a bunch of other people who are taking on a responsibility where the customer has to trust them. And so you establish a professional obligation for the professional to be more loyal to the customer than to themselves. This is not necessarily a solution to the problem, but it's a way of, one of the ways society solved the problem that I don't like the fact that that guy over there is doing a bad thing. So one of the ways to do that is for progression to establish effectively a guild and to kick out anyone who abuses. Similarly, labor unions. They're not quite the same thing. The analysis is different. But again, it's about there are other ways of establishing behavioral norms in a society than embedding everything in contracts. And although you might argue that it should be done as well as, I hope I've already made clear there are real problems with trying to embed human rights principles into contracts generally and to software licenses in particular. There's also a process abuse risk. We see this occasionally with codes of conduct. And so I'll start up, I'm actually perfectly happy with codes of conduct. I think that the level of civility in the Linux kernel environment, for example, has gone up drastically in the last few years is a major achievement and one that I think should be seen that way. But of course, some of the same people who are pushing for ethical source are pushing for codes of conduct which seem to be used primarily to exclude people that they don't like. And so that's problematic at the level of a project team. But I'd suggest that a code of conduct does make sense at the level of project team. And then the team just has to keep an eye on whether the code has been constructed in a way that facilitates abuse and whether it is being abused. At the much broader level of the supply chains for software, particularly in a moment, I'd suggest that risk can't be contained. So it's again a harmful thing to do. The other thing that I suspect might be going on in the, we want to stop ice-putting babies in cages case is at least in the US, there's a significantly lower standard of proof for civil law than for criminal law. So by embedding all of this woolly stuff into license terms, which is harmful for all the reasons I've just described and which will achieve essentially nothing for the reasons I've just described, what it will do is allow fixatious litigation. It'll allow someone to simply use the courts as a weapon. Not without any basis for hey, we've got this thing that we dragged in as an argument that what you're doing which is human rights, which I've just pointed out covers just about everybody.  And either you step away in which case the court takes money from you or you engage in which case the lawyers take money from you. So it's a means of bullying people. So that's, and I think that I suspect that that's part of what's going on in the current surge or current recent pressures for ethical licensing. So okay, look at the long supply chain. Maybe you construct the license in such a ways to escape the outsourcing risk that I mentioned. One of the ways the bad guys can be out of reach of your theoretical ethical license is to outsource. So okay, you construct license terms to survive outsourcing relationships. I won't bore you with the details, but you can at least in theory do such a thing. So right, we work in a project team on some library. We have a code of conduct that's appropriate for use inside the team and is being used in a hopefully inclusive rather than exclusive way. However, the component is a dependency of a bunch of other things. It might be entire trees of these dependencies, but ultimately of an application. The application is a monitoring system, a ticketing system, any variety of things, embedded somewhere in an infrastructure or platform as a service cloud.  A random small to bin size organization or startup produces a software as a service, which they of course host in this environment and they make it available to their customers who subscribe, who then have their employees use it. But the employee uses it to do something that is unethical. And we have constructed our license terms theoretically to survive all of these indirect steps in the relationship. So now what has to happen for this solution to work, what has to happen is that at every one of these steps, but in particular at the two subscription steps, the IS pass and the SAS guys has to include the transitive closure of the ethical use limitations. So if there are 100,000 components and they have only 500 different licenses, because of course every one of these things is gonna be specific, then you end up with this enormous list of use limits. So when you go to sign up for Google Docs, like G Suite, Salesforce, RandomSense for the month, here are the 10,000 things you're allowed to do. No one's going to do that. And so again, even if you solve the problem of the outsourced loophole, what you do is destroy the economic driver for collaboration by anyone who lives in any of these chains. They have to immediately exclude what you're doing. It's the same as the problem with the viral GNU licenses in some cases and the ephero licenses in some cases. But you're now talking about a much larger and much more complicated problem. So it can't ultimately solve the problem. It either doesn't work or it does so much harm that it prevents use. Another way to, now we're getting into sort of a grab bag of ideas that I didn't quite get into sequence over that. Another way of getting why this is ridiculous would be this kind of license agreement. I imagine some people in this room own a screwdriver. Would it make any sense at all for the purchase agreement for the screwdriver to have included an obligation not to breach the Universal Declaration of Human Rights? Hopefully it's really obvious that that doesn't make any sense. I mentioned Coase's Penguin. So this is a paper that came out sometime in the 90s noticing that open source communities were doing something that's not correctly predicted by the preexisting models of collaborative production either in the firm or the marketplace.  The marketplace is you grab a bunch of resources to work on a thing and you contract with others to do some other part of what you're doing. And of course any real organization does some mixture of these two. And the economic theory had been these are the two ways everything gets done and neither of them sensibly explains what's going on in free and open source communities. In those two older and better studied approaches the division helps. Within firms it provides, it's more about competition in fact in both cases. Inside firms it means that you simply exclude people you don't like and you get a firm of people working with one worldview, the sort of brogues culture that we keep seeing in Silicon Valley. It has side effects but certainly internally it's very efficient. In the marketplace it promotes competition which promotes more efficient and better products. So these sort of choosing a mechanism which tends to divide people is in fact valuable in these two cases. But an open collaboration is not. The last thing you want to have is people who are collaborating across organizational boundaries, across geographic cultural boundaries to start putting lines in saying no, you can't talk to each other. So the point I'm making here is simply that the idea of inserting ethical use limits is unusually harmful in free and open source licensing in a way that would not be in certain kinds of commercial licensing. A bit snarky perhaps, but a lot of this is puritanical and by and large you should ignore puritans because they don't deliver. If you allow a project to get bogged down in virtue signalling then what you do is take away its capacity to deliver. So again it's harmful, this is not just open source, this is everything.  What would it look like? How would you do it? And one of the things, I raised this because there was recently an attempt to change the, in fact this ongoing attempt to change the open source definition maintained by the open source initiative to remove those two clauses or to modify the two clauses I showed you earlier. And so part of it is well, the GNU project is too hard to repeat. What Stolman did is absolutely amazing and very few developers have ever or will ever do what he did. He sat down and wrote a compiler on a shell and a text editor in a build system himself and got to the point where they were self-hosting on a commercial UNIX. And that was in the sort of the kernel or the kernel but the germ from which free systems evolved. But interestingly because the intent of the open source initiative was to make this method of the use and production of software more attractive to corporations in addition to removing the human freedom thinking, they also removed the requirement or allowed the license to not have the requirement for the transitive or viral nature of the licenses. If you take a work under GPL, you make a derived work, you must make it available under the same terms. That's not true for almost or almost any of the other open source licenses. So interestingly, if you were to create an ethical source program and a project to create a sort of ethical desktop with a license that had let's say a UTHR embedded in it, you could in fact pick up thousands of existing packages under open source licenses and simply add restrictions. And most of the open source licenses permit that. So if this is more the answer to why the open source initiative should not change its definition. For the same reason the open source initiative was a separate project to the Free Software Foundation. If someone wants to do this, the sensible way to do it is to start a new program. Because you now have this huge body of open source software that has licenses that allow you to put further restrictions on derived works, in fact, you've got the starting point. I merely brought it out, it's interesting that of course you can't do that with free software. You cannot add restrictions. It seems interesting that the subset of open source software that is targeted specifically at human rights and freedoms is exactly the software that would not be compatible with this strategy for creating an ethical source program. If you've ever thought. So just close on a reminder of these two ideas. Although it's off, very rarely actually stated this way. These are the two things that FOS are about. Free software is about protecting the rights of users of software. That the developers don't gain domination or control over them. And open source is about sustaining the ability to cooperate across enormous differences in time zone, in geography, in culture, in ethics, in commercial competition, the whole lot. Thank you.


This is covering the spread part of the Fandall podcast network Week zero is here college football is back into this time to once again Talk some college football here on covering the spread and who better to do that for us than Dr. Ed Feng of the power egg we're gonna get him back here on today to break down week zero and get you ready for the start of the 2023 season this is covering the spread right here on the Fandall podcast network and over on Fandall research My name is Jim Sonnis. I am a digital media managing editor for a Fandall research Joined here as mentioned by Dr. Ed Feng you can find his work at the power bank comm Check him out on Twitter at the power and can add college football is back. That is so sweet to say. How you doing today? I'm doing great. I'm really looking for the college football season a little Notre Dame versus Navy Across the pond and yeah, it should be awesome looking forward to a week zero I was gonna wear my hat from Dublin last year, but I've still got the Northwestern gear in time out for I Guess indefinitely. I don't know we'll figure out what it can be revived like the bobble heads are up here but like The hat seems like too much so even though it has like the Dublin logo on it So I could celebrate that way. I feel like I need another like Month or two before we slowly put the purple back on I feel like you can put the purple back on late September Okay, so I would say first wave but that might mean 2024 so It's we'll determine the time might eventually we can have a wager on whether they're gonna win a game this this year I can have the the under on point five personally I'll I'll I'll skew that direction. You have a little side that we talked about that after the show Very happy. They waited until I moved back to Chicago to become a total poop show. So that's a True delight right there. Luckily, we're focusing on happier things this week Notre Dame as you mentioned to playing Navy Over in Ireland. We've also got USC and a game at taking on San Jose State this weekend We'll talk about those games specifically We're gonna break down Ed's betting model for college football for Listers who may be new to the show and also maybe talk some futures before we get into week zero All coming up today But first a reminder to make sure you're subscribed to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast talking more EPL tomorrow with Austin Cass Getting ready for match week number three JJ Zachary Some talking season-long player props with us on Friday here on the show when all these shows go up Not just on the covering the spread podcast fee But also on the fan dual youtube page and over on fan dual tv plus which you can now get on desktop mobile By going to fan dual comm slash watch if you don't have amazon fire apple tv or oku You can now watch fan dual tv plus getting up and atoms there So watch the fan dual account Be going to fan dual comm Slash watch get ready for the nfl season with incredible offers from fan dual america's number one sports book right now new customers Get bet five dollars and get two hundred dollars in bonus bets guarantee plus all customers who bet five dollars We'll get one hundred dollars off nfl sunday ticket from youtube and youtube tv Now is the best time to join fan dual the app is easy to use and you can be on everything From spreads to player props and more fan dual official partner of the nfl must be 21 plus and president select states Fan dual is offering online sports waging in kansas under an agreement with kansas star casino llc First online real money wager only ten dollar first deposit required Bonus issued is non with trouble bonus bets that expire seven days after receipt Restricts his applies to terms at sportsbook dot fan dual dot com gambling problem Call 1 800 gambler or was the fan dual dot com slash rg in colorado iowa michigan new jersey ohi pennsylvania illinois tennessee in virginia call 1 800 next step or text next step to 5 3 3 4 2 in arizona 1<PHONE_NUMBER> or visit ccpg dot or excess chat in connecticut 1 109 with it in indiana 1 805 224 700 to visit ks gambling health dot com in kansas 1 877 770 stop in louisiana visit empty gambling health dot orc in maryland visit 100 gambler dot net in west virginia Call 1 800 5 224 700 in wyoming hope is here visit gambling helpline ma dot orc or call 800 327 50 50 for 24 7 support in massachusetts or call 1 877 8 hope and wire text open y in new york nfl sunday ticket offer ends 9 18 23 no refunds terms and embargoes reply 100 off nfl sunday ticket Not youtube tv youtube tv base plan required to watch youtube tv Redemption requires a google account and current from a payment commercial use is excluded Now let's dive in here to college football week number zero and get kind of a broad umbrella Based discussion you're going first because ed probably got some new listeners first time college football listeners here on the show So I wanted to go talk holistically with you. You've got your college football betting model What's the spine of that model and how does it kind of work from a broad perspective? Right now we're in the preseason and the main component there is a market model So my code takes market wind totals and it will back out a rating for each team so for example You know if georgia's at the top of those numbers right now. I think they're about 30 points better than fbs average so The model essentially says there that If georgia were to play an average fbs team, they would be you know on a neutral site They would be predicted to win by 30 so so the real you know the thing there is like, you know, you have to back out that rating From the wind total and that obviously depends on what each team's schedule is So that is worked into there and then obviously all the wind totals are connected And you need to account for that as well. So things have to change together And yeah, I've found that to be a really powerful predictor My model always does pretty well in the first Couple weeks of the season actually that that alone Does pretty well the first couple weeks of the season So I look to that to give me a sense for Um You know what what the spread should be in these early season games And then we do a little handicapping on top of that because college football is a difficult market to beat and we go from there I think the benefit of having that market model is especially apparent You know in these years where we got the transfer portal across college football and A market will probably be better able to encapsulate that than a player level model or than anything except for a player level model But like realistically running a player level model for every fbs team Gonna be pretty tough So I feel like the advantage of your method is even bigger nowadays than it would have been previously, correct For sure the transfer portal information should certainly be in uh in in those market wind totals, right? So if uh, if the market is off on a team, uh, because they're underestimating the impact of some transfers some high level transfers coming in um then Then the market should be able to account for that and I should have a pretty good estimate I think a really good example of that is uh, colorado So this is a team that was awful last year and then dion sanders has come in now and Really done a pretty interesting thing in eliminating all of the team So, you know, it used to be that if you had eight transfers that was like a big deal And how do you account for that? Well, there's 50 transfers, uh, you know on this 85 man roster and that's a huge Huge change. So how do you account for that? Like anytime you actually run some models based on how Colorado has done over the past Four years.  Um I don't remember exactly what the number is But when you back out their rating and you look at their rank over 133 teams now in fps New colorados in the 80s somewhere. So they're like 80th and that's a number that's kind of hard to come up with if you're just doing the math Um, it's it's hard. It's hard to come up with uh, because of just all those changes. It's kind of an unprecedented experiment So that's just one example of the power of of using the markets here and uh, it is going to account for that And colorado is an example Uh, they are the most pertinent example. We've seen in a very long time obviously with regards to the advantage of that now You mentioned that early in the season the market derived model will be the way to go It's a very successful model and stuff like that Throughout the year, obviously you're going to shift to factoring in in season data So when you look at an in season data, if someone's trying to analyze college football, obviously not now But like down the line What data do you use to form like the statistical level model? Obviously without giving away everything But like, you know, what data are you focusing on that you think matters when analyzing college football once we actually have some of that data For sure, and this will start after week zero I'll start adjusting some of these teams, you know, because uh, you know a team like hawaii is going to play Week one after playing week zero game, uh against vanderbilt. I'll start making those adjustments immediately It's all the usual suspects that that we've been talking about on the show for a long time simple things Things as simple as margin victory and games things a little bit more complicated like success rate on offense and defense Yards for play is something that goes in there and and I use a little bit of market data in there these closing point spreads as well So that all goes to update, uh, this college football model It'll start week zero right after week zero like my predictions for week one will look different for those teams that played uh week zero So, uh, yeah, it updates and you have to update pretty quickly. Uh, things change in college football I remember, uh, seeing a couple bookmakers last year post, you know The teams that were 10 points different in their ratings from their preseason Uh expectation and there were a lot of them and because that happens and you know We'll see who what examples will be this year of who falls or who rises, you know, who gets a Player that just uh ends up being unbelievable and really elevates program Well speaking, so you you need to make those changes and and I do do that in my numbers Speaking of potential changes, let's talk about this first game in week number zero It is over in Dublin We have navy taking on and notar dame notar dame right now 20 and a half point favorite total here is 49 and a half notar dame Dip into the transfer portal to get sam hartman as a quarterback for this year So before I talk about this game specifically add What is your broad outlook for notar dame heading into 2023 with our new quarterback? I think notar dame is a is a pretty high variance team. I think, uh, you know, we we know sam hartman Was very good at wake force. They were actually fifth when you look at passing six That's right adjusted for opponent. That's excellent. Uh, he was really good They put up a lot of points He decided to go to a bigger program and he's he's certainly going to elevate Uh, the the passing offense even though the passing offense kind of wasn't as bad as as the perception was last year Marcus freeman is entering his second year as the head coach the first year had its ups and downs Uh, he had some injuries at the quarterback position The defense wasn't as good as as it was when he was coordinator. So so that was an issue too Um, there's a lot of pieces on defense. Um, there's a lot of blue chip prospects at the receiver position for hartman to throw to I kind of see this as a pretty high variance team. Um, you know, if hartman's great and marcus freeman Can really figure out a lot of things in year two as a head coach Uh, I feel like this team could be really good. Obviously the schedule is really hard. They have game against ohio state normal games against usc A lot of acc competition clumps in Uh, but but I think if you're a fighting irish fan, you have a lot of reasons to be optimistic this this upcoming season Yeah, the word high variance can sometimes be taken with a negative connotation But high variance can be good if it means you can hit the high end of range of outcomes And I think that having better quarterback play is what could allow Notre Dame to do that now in this game 29 outpoint favorites in double and taking on navy What's your read on how you see this game playing out in? Right. So my model actually has this uh, Notre Dame by almost 22 and a half I do think Notre Dame is the right side here navy is uh part of ways with a long time coach They promoted the defensive coordinator um As a new coach team that really struggled on the offensive side of the ball was decent on defense last year But still not they were a lot better against the run uh, then they were against the pass and You know, it was a unit that was 78th when I look at passing success rate adjuster for Opponents on that navy defense Uh, I think it is a unit. I mean they do bring a lot of their secondary back So it could get better But probably not a unit that can deal with the athletes that Notre Dame is going to bring I think sam hartman is probably going to be pretty pretty awesome in this game. Um to show That uh, you know that that he really is the guy here. So I do think this is one that Notre Dame Um can run away with and uh, I actually like them on the side here All right, and that side is as mentioned Notre Dame 20 and a half point favorites at vandal sportsbook The 20 and a half is minus 110 as of right now Other game we want to focus on here for week numbers zero is san jose say taking on usc USC is a 30 and a half point favorite here total is 66 and a half and We talked about usc a couple weeks ago ed and you said they would be an over team this year due to their off defense But also because of kala williams now back in worth two ways because if you got kala williams It's easier to cover a large spread. It's easier to cover a large spread when the total is super high, but It also may be tough to keep the opposing team off the board Which is required to cover 30 and a half point spread too. So when you look at this defense Do you think that they're capable of covering a 30 and a half point spread? Uh with the defense the way it is or is the offense good enough to justify that big of a number? I really don't know. I think there's so many questions about this usc defense that was like awful I think they were in the 90s when you look at sess rate adjusted for opponent They actually were we were able to create a lot of turnovers early in the season And that made them seem a little bit better than they were and then you know the UCLA game happened and I mean they were just I mean it was that was kind of one of the most unbelievable oley defenses that I've that I've ever seen they were really really bad and um Yeah, I mean they have a lot of they have a lot of questions that that they need to answer I'm kind of not betting usc until we get some early returns on the defense. My model Has usc by 32 points here I'm gonna wait to see uh how the defense performs. Um, I really don't know. I I think they they could be better Uh, you know, I mean if if if it's a top 25 unit, which is I think unlikely given where this unit's coming from Uh, they could be certainly national championship contenders with what they do on the offensive side of ball More realistic like can they get the fbs average from the 90s? I think that's probably more realistic and um So, yeah, I don't really know what to think of it. Uh, another thing about this total I think it seems a little bit low to me. Uh, I actually don't have a model for totals right now It it seems a little bit low, but I don't think usc overs are quite Quite the the automatic bets that a lot of people think they are You know, Lincoln Riley will run fast and and put a lot of offense up when In the first half when that when the game is contention The offense tends to slow down a little bit in the second half He's not really uh looking to put more points on the board when the game is out of question And that makes some of these these I mean, you know, this is not exactly the highest total of the world, but um Don't don't all about the usc over. I think you need to have Uh a better reason than that Simply because of this this these kind of pace changes that that Lincoln Riley does so I would be cautious about that Yeah, I think that's important to consider is what they do when they're up big when the the spread is 30 and a half And that is the case here and other thing to consider is let's say empathetically The game is closer in the second half, uh where they could run that high pace that probably implies the offense wasn't doing a whole lot in the first half So there are multiple paths to an under here Which means I agree with you where even though it does seem a bit light at six six and a half It may make sense to stay away get more data same thing with the spread there at 30 and a half Even though you are showing value there potentially holding off and seeing what more we can get with regards to usc Now this is week zero ed. So we're gonna get some data here for this week We'll get some uh some games week one next week as well But it's also a final chance to lock in any futures before we get to the 2023 season So when you're looking there anything you're trying to lock in at this time over fandal sportsbook One thing I've been looking at one thing. I've actually bet is a highs in the vet I like the camera rising the the quarterback at utah and this this guy has been incredible You know two years ago. Charlie Brewer the transfer from Baylor started the season and he was kind of bad and camera rising took over And really led that offense Really kind of revitalized that offense and 2022 he was also pretty good when you look at the numbers There the utah's past offense was 13 when I look at 13th in the nation when I look at passing rate Adjusted for strength of schedule. He's also a threat with his legs He's run for over 400 yards over the last two seasons I think that Okay, so he hurt his knee in the rose ball and I've been following that all off season He's still questionable for this opening game against florida. I think that's part of the reason you've seen that spread drop a little bit In week one If camera rising were perfectly healthy I would bet him 30 to 1 to win the heisman. I think he's that good awful player I bet him. I think I got 65 to 1 On fandal. I think that's the number. I got it at fandal So that's that's a bet that I have from a month ago Maybe a little bit more. I really like him as a player. I really like what You know, some of the pieces that he has on the offense. You're really getting a discount right now at 80 to 1 Because of this injury and now I and I think like, you know, he might be a little bit He's listed as questionable right now. They're still bringing him back. I gotta think he plays against florida That's such a big game to open the season And you're getting a discount right now. So, um, you know, I still like this vet camera Rising to win the heisman. I think you're getting a discount because of the injury And I think that the benefit there too is if he does play for that game That's probably one of the bigger higher profile games across week one in college football So if he does play That can be like your spotlight moment right away to begin that momentum of winning an award like this media Which is a very important thing to have Absolutely. Yeah, no, it's a huge game and and they're going to have a lot of uh, you know They're going to have usc on their schedule a little bit later. They're going to have their their chances to shine um I know how a little bit crazy What it's like to think uh that a utah quarterback is going to win the heisman, but Rising really is that good? Right and that team is good too, which matters for this kind of award as well to keep them relevant throughout the year Keep them in games and keep their games being important and getting national attention. Okay So cam rising 80 to 1 Ed is liking that right now over at fangirl sportsbook That's all we have here for week number zero But edley with us every single week here on wednesday talking college football on thursdays as well talking nfl So ed is back to happy with us twice per week here on the show once again If people want to find your work find some five nugget saturday anything else work may find all that Yeah, thanks jim. Maybe you can find uh my newsletter at the powerink.com I do do five nugget saturday, which basically if you're looking for some action any given weekend That's your place to go comes out 10 a.m. Every saturday And uh, so check that out at the powerink.com. You can also get a lot of my content on the football analytics show in audio form That's my podcast. I've decided this year uh to put Like the newsletters that make sense Five nugget saturday is a little bit too time sensitive to put on there But the newsletters that make sense to go in in audio format Will also go on the podcast. So i'm pretty excited about that, you know, i'm just trying to make it easier for people to consume what i have to say Whether you want to read or listen So check out the football analytics show. That's my podcast Alrighty find that by searching for the football analytics show check out ed's work at the powerink.com and find him on twitter At the powerink. I am on twitter at jim sonnis j i m s a n n e s You can also find fandal research by searching for add fandal research back with you once again tomorrow To break down e pl match week number three. This has been covering the spread right here on the fanduel podcast network


Awesome. Thanks for continuing to watch 12pm tutorials. Today's tutorial is going to teach you to use a tool that protects your privacy online by making it difficult for websites and online snoopers to find out your information. This tool is called Tor. In addition to ensuring your privacy, Tor makes it possible for you to view information online that may be restricted in your area. Tor works by routing your connection and information through a system of randomly selected relays before it ever reaches the internet. This ensures that your information is next to impossible to obtain by people you don't want to have it. Now that you know how Tor works, let's go get the software. Open up a web browser and go to www.torproject.org.  Now click Download. Here you can download versions for Windows, Mac and Linux. Click on Installation Bundle for Windows and save the file to your computer. Once the file finishes downloading, go to where you saved it and double-click the file. The installation program will ask you to choose a language from the drop-down menu. Choose your language and then click OK. Click Next. The programs listed here are what Tor uses to run its service. You can get an idea of what each program does by running your mouse over it. The only program here that we have to mention is the Tor button. If you are using Firefox as your web browser, Tor will want to install the Tor button for Firefox while the regular installation is happening. OK, click Next. Now choose where you would like to install the program. Once the installation is complete, it will ask you to install the Tor button for Firefox. I'm going to agree to install that now and then I'm going to click Restart Firefox. Now if you look down here in the lower right-hand corner of your browser, you'll see the Tor button. We'll come back to this later. For now, go back to the installation wizard and click Next. Tor will ask you if you want to run the installed components now, but I prefer to run it manually. Now go to Start, Programs, Vidalia Bundle, and Open Vidalia. This launches the user interface and allows Tor to start connecting to the service. It can take a moment or two for Tor to connect. So let me tell you about the different buttons you see here. Stop Tor will disconnect you from the service. Setup Relaying gives you the opportunity to use your computer as part of Tor's relay network. Use a new identity will route you through the relay network in a new way. View the network will allow you to see the different connections. Settings allows you to configure a couple of different options for Tor. Once you see the green onion, you know you have successfully connected to the Tor network. Speaking of the green onion, if you look down here in your taskbar, you'll see a green onion icon. You can right click the icon and it gives you the same options as you have in the user interface. Now we're going to go back to our web browser. Look at the Tor browser button. It's still disabled. We're connected to the Tor network, but we haven't turned on the service in Firefox yet. Go ahead and click the button. If it now says Tor enabled, then you are successfully using Firefox with the Tor service. Want to check to make sure that Tor service is working? Go ahead and disable Tor again by clicking on the button. Now go to www.checkip.org. This is my unprotected IP address. Now I'm going to go to www.google.com, switch the service back on by pressing the button, and then go back to www.checkip.org. Well that definitely looks different from my real IP address. Now you know how to install and use Tor.


Good day everyone. This is Rushad Mistri from the Mechanical Engineering Department, Valjanistar Friknaji Sholapur and today I will be discussing the remaining robot configurations in this particular lecture series on robot configurations. At the end of the session, the learner will be able to explain SCARA and parallel configuration and identify applications of this configuration based on their features. So, we studied spherical, cylindrical and the joint arm configuration in the previous lectures and today we will wind up by discussing SCARA and parallel, which is also called as delta configuration. SCARA configuration is one of the most widely used configurations in the electronics industry, especially for assembly tasks. Now in 1981, the Japanese company Sanyo and Pencil and NEC actually together worked on a new concept for assembly robots and this was actually termed as SCARA which stands for Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm and it was developed by Hiroshio Makino, who was a professor at the University of Yamanashi and the professor along with the Japanese companies did extensive research and then they came up with this particular configuration, very specifically suited for assembly operations for the electronics industry. It is actually a type of cylindrical configuration. The arm is rigid in the z-axis and it is pliable in the x-y-axis and this allows it to travel very fast in the x-plug pain and very quick up and down movement in the vertical direction of the z-axis. Here you can look at the configuration. See this is actually a rotary joint, this is also a rotary joint. So, even this configuration is often turned as RRR configuration, but not to be confused with the jointed arm because in the in case of SCARA all jointed these joints are vertical, they are on the vertical axis. So, these are the robots in the first three principle axis from a cylindrical coordinate systems. It is also called as RRR configuration, but like I said unlike the jointed arm this has all joints in the vertical direction. It is a combination I can say of cylindrical and revolute configurations operating in a horizontal plane. The control solution is quite simple compared to jointed arm and it has become extremely popular in the electronics industry. Here are some sample images of the SCARA configuration. There are several top manufacturers, Epson actually being one of them, Epson actually specializes in this and the delta configuration. It does not make it hardly makes any other configuration, but specializes very specifically in the SCARA configuration. So, primarily applications like I said were meant for the electronics industry, but we can generalize that it is meant for pick and place and any packaging operations typically involving a vertical movement. So, it can be used for you can say the advantages of SCARA configuration are it is extremely vulnerable within the work area very fast very high accuracy and it has a decent payload in the vertical range. When I say decent payload let me tell you that this configuration will rarely be built in payload in excess of 10 kg. Typical payloads actually range from 0.5 kg to around 10 kg. You can say another feature is it is not as dexterous compared to other configurations and it is not really designed for heavy payloads. So, you can consider it as a disadvantage, but to be very honest that is not really the intent in building this particular robots. These are almost typically four access configurations because three being the first three access and one access obviously is that of the end defector which typically has an up and down movement. So, what can you think of possible applications of these configurations? Have you seen this particular configuration or TV or let us say in a previous class try to try to recall if you have come across this particular configuration anywhere before. Welcome back. Now, just let us look at some applications of these SCARA robots. Now, one at the left you will see it is the SCARA robot being used for a general pick and place task along with you can say an image sensor which is a camera on the top. Now, you can see the animation at the right shows you a SCARA robot typically involved in an assembly kind of a task and remember these are just representative animations not real world examples, but they give you an idea of how this configuration actually works. And one more thing is this has actually been slowed down significantly in practice. The SCARA configuration is very fast and you will see this when you actually watch the videos which I have shared in the link later. The SCARA robot application typically involves actually machine tending as well and this sketch gives you an idea. So, here you have a SCARA robot which is tending a machine tool which may be which is kind of a lathe machine and it can pick up one of the work piece put it on the conveyor and so on so forth. So, this is a very typical application of a SCARA robot when used for machine tending work. This is another application of SCARA robot in which you can see certain parts being fed to the robot on the conveyor then it picks up the part and puts it into the part feeder. So, this is again a sketch demonstrating an application of a SCARA robot. Another similar application for inspection and also sorting. So, this is one more application the SCARA robots are very widely used. Now, let us move to the last configuration in this that is the parallel or the delta configuration. A parallel configuration uses several computer control serial chains to support a single platform or an effector. And the most popular parallel manipulator is obviously the Shevard platform which finds application in aircraft simulators. And they are made up of six linear actuators that support a movable base for the tank or the aircraft. So, aircraft simulators were the ones they were more popular, but now they use as tank and even automobile simulators. This is you can say a sample images of delta parallel configuration by different manufacturers. The one on the left being Fanook, the center one being adept and the one at the right from ABB. Now, let us see why they are called parallel configurations. The parallel distinction as opposed to serial is because the end effector of this linkage is connected to is based by a number of links usually in between three to six and a separate independent linkages which work in parallel. Hence, the word parallel they are not in series like the other manipulators. So, here the word parallel is actually from the topological states. Nowadays, people prefer calling it delta because if you look from the front it appears as a triangle which is basically the Greek alphabet delta. The parallel manipulator is designed so that each chain is usually short simple and hence can be rigid again unwanted moment. That is also one of the reason this configuration is very accurate compared to serial configurations where the error can cumulate. Control calculations involving forward universe kinematics can be tricky compared to others. That is one of its limitation. It is less dexterous compared to the jointed arm. It is not really very maneuverable especially like you cannot reach around obstacles. It is more suited when the approach is from the top. It is also not suited for complex tasks such as welding and spot welding unless for very small parts. So, the word arc welding and spot welding can be a bit too vague in the sense. So, even though it can be used it is not the most widely used application for delta configuration. So, typical applications flight simulators, tank simulators, automobile simulators as obviously the shared word platform and assembly tasks other places pick and play tasks in electronics and the food industry. Now, here you have an image of a pick and place task being performed by parallel robots. Though a lot of textbooks do include a lot of generic applications like as it is highly unlikely that this will be used for some kind of heavy duty application compared to jointed arm configuration. Again, these are some sample applications of the delta configuration. You will see most of the even sample images are from the electronics industry. That is why that is one of the reason it is very widely used in the electronic industry. Again, a few applications. Here it is used for pick and place task with vacuum grippers attached to it. So, what is you can say the state of the art in parallel or delta robots? It is basically in high speed high accuracy positioning devices especially in PCB assembly it is extensively used. It is also used in high speed precision milling machines and as micro-malamirators mounted on other configurations. So, you will find this being mounted on other configurations. These are typical some of the state of the art applications for the parallel configuration. If you want to look at sample videos, I have included them in this link. I definitely would recommend you to go through it and see them in action in real time. Again, when it comes to robot, I definitely recommend the websites of the manufacturers especially Yamaha and Omron who have generous amount of information to share on this car or platform along with the standard textbooks for this particular subject. Thank you very much.


The short length of the rat's estrous cycle makes them ideal for investigation, and a fast and practical method was developed to determine their estrous cycle phases by collecting vaginal secretion every morning for a month and observing unstained native material using a microscope without a condenser lens. Using the 10x objective lens, it is easier to analyze the proportion of cellular types present in the vaginal smear while the 40x objective lens helps recognize each cellular type. The determination of estrous cycle phases took only 15 to 20 minutes for all 30 female rats. This article was authored by F. K. Markons, F. J. B. I. A. N. C. H. I. and A. P. Tenno.


Hello, and welcome to this presentation of the STM32G0 Low Power Timer or LP-TIM. It covers the features of this peripheral, which offers a set of timing features and can generate waveforms even in low power modes. The Low Power Timer peripheral embedded in the STM32G0 microcontroller provides a 16-bit timer that is able to run even in low power modes. This is made possible thanks to a flexible clocking scheme. The Low Power Timer peripheral provides basic general-purpose timer functions. One major function of the Low Power Timer is its capability to keep running even when no internal clock source is active when configured in asynchronous counting mode. The Low Power Timer's main feature is its ability to keep running even in low power mode when almost all clock sources are turned off. The Low Power Timer has a very flexible clocking scheme. It can be clocked from on-ship clock sources, LSE, LSI, HSI-16, or APB clocks. Or it can be clocked from an external clock source over the Low Power Timer's LP-TIM in one input. This latter feature is used for building pulse counter applications and is a key function for metering applications like gas meters, etc. The Low Power Timer features up to eight external trigger sources with configurable polarity. External trigger inputs feature digital filters to cancel out faulty triggers that could be raised in noisy operating environments. The Low Power Timer can be configured to run either in continuous or one-shot mode. One-shot mode is used for generating pulse waveforms while continuous mode is used to generate PWM waveforms. The Low Power Timer is a peripheral with two clock domains. The APB clock domain contains the peripheral's APB interface. The kernel clock domain contains the Low Power Timer peripheral's core functions. The kernel clock domain can be clocked by internal clock sources from an external clock source through the timer's LP-TIM in one input. The Low Power Timer peripheral embeds a 16-bit counter that is fed through a Power of 2 pre-scaler. The Low Power Timer peripheral features a 16-bit auto-reload register and a 16-bit compare register that are used to set the period and duty cycle, respectively, for a PWM waveform signal output on the timer's LP-TIM out output. The Low Power Timer features an encoder mode function that can be used to interface with incremental quadrature encoder sensors using the peripheral's IP-TIM in one MUX and LP-TIM in two MUX inputs. Both inputs feature glitch-filting circuitry. The LP-TIM-CMP and LP-TIM-ARR registers, in conjunction with the bitfield's wave from the LP-TIM-CFGR register and SNG-STRT from the LP-TIM-CR register, are used to control the output waveform. The output waveform is either a typical PWM signal with its period and duty cycle controlled by the LP-TIM-ARR and LP-TIM-CMP registers, respectively, or it is a single pulse with the last output state defined by the configured waveform. If the last output state is the same as the one at the waveform's beginning, then one pulse mode is configured. If not, then set once mode is configured. The Low Power Timer's output polarity is controlled through the WAV-POL bitfield in the LP-TIM-CFGR register. The Low Power Timer features a counter-reset function used to reset to zero the contents of the LP-TIM-CNT register. Two counter-reset mechanisms are possible, the synchronous counter-reset mechanism and the asynchronous counter-reset mechanism. A synchronous counter-reset is performed by setting the COUNT RST bit. Due to the synchronous nature of this reset, it only takes place after a synchronization delay of three LP-TIM kernel clock cycles. When the RST-ARE bit is set, an asynchronous counter-reset is performed on the next APB read access to the LP-TIM-CNT register. The Low Power Timer features an encoder mode function that can interface with the incremental quadrature encoder sensors using the peripheral's input 1 and input 2 inputs. Both inputs feature glitch filtering circuitry. The encoder function is similar to the one embedded in the general-purpose timers. In order to use the encoder mode function, the Low Power Timer must be running in continuous mode. One important thing to note is that only Low Power Timers 1 and 2 embed the encoder mode function. The Low Power Timer peripheral features seven interrupt sources. The Compare Match Interrupt is raised once the content of COUNTR-REGISTER LP-TIM-CNT matches or is greater than the Compare Register LP-TIM-CMP content. The Auto Reload Match Interrupt is raised when the COUNTR-REGISTER's content matches the Auto Reload Register's content. The External Trigger Event Interrupt is raised when a valid external trigger is detected. The Auto Reload Register Right Completed and the Compare Register Right Completed Interrupts are raised when the transfer of the content of the LP-TIM-ARR register and LP-TIM-CMP register, respectively, is completed from the peripheral's APB interface logic into the peripheral's core logic which are contained by two different clock domains. These two interrupts are useful in mitigating the overhead of polling on the status of writing to these two registers when the peripheral core clock is too slow compared to the APB interface clock. The up and down direction change interrupts are raised when the encoder mode function is enabled and the counting direction is changed from up to down or vice versa. The counting direction of the Low Power Timer's counter reflects the rotation direction of the quadrature's sensor. The Low Power Timer peripheral is active in Run, Sleep, and Stop power modes. The Low Power Timer is able to wake up the microcontroller from either Sleep or Stop modes. For more details, please refer to the following documentation available on our website.


Cyberspace is the new nervous system for the world. By virtue of our dependency on the technologies that underpin it, we are all interdependent and interconnected. What one person, what one nation does on one side of the world can have a dramatic effect on the outcome on the other side of the world. But it's not just about the technologies, technologies that provide us with hazy boundaries that make us a global village is hard to know where those perimeters are and in fact they do not tend to respect national boundaries. But it's also a space that we have to protect collectively for our futures that we have to do together. It's moved on, it's not just the internet, it's a place where we worry about our well-being. And at the same time, what we see is a growth in the threat that we face. A very sophisticated ecosystem of actors who together create jobs and supply chains that really threaten us. And the way in which we're seeing the evolution of these kinds of threats is getting quite dramatic and moving towards sabotage and physical outcomes. It's not unbelievable that when we imagine the internet of things and the future technology environments that we might see malicious nanobots attacking the very physical lifeblood of humanity, we already know that it's possible to hack physical systems and bring down lights and take down our transport systems and literally make things go bang. So how does this work? Yes, people hack us and they exploit vulnerabilities in very complex stacks of technology that is very hard for us to understand how we remove such vulnerability. But you know what? They also hack us as people. They understand how to manipulate and coerce us into giving them footholds into our systems. They understand the fundamentals of human psychology that make us weak and introduce opportunity for threats into our systems. And so, unfortunately for us, the solutions of course are going to be very complex if we're to avoid very destructive outcomes. Historically, we focus very much on people hacking systems to show off their prowess. Perhaps you could not have felt to have noticed the press in the recent years where we're worrying about state-level resourced actors. But you know what else? There's actually destruction happening. And so how is it that we've built systems that appear so brittle, so easy to fracture, and the fractures can have such wide ramifications? Well, in part, you know, we've designed these systems so that they're not designed to tolerate such malicious intrusion, whether it's from the outside or on the inside. And it's also about the problem of complexity. We have a very complex jigsaw of controls that we use to make ourselves safe and secure in cyberspace, and nobody understands the map for that jigsaw, how the pieces fit together. So where does that leave us? Well, certainly we're observing a failure of the global commons, and some people talk about the need for deterrent, but you know there's something very asymmetric about this threat too. It's easy to focus on the well resourced actors, but you need to remember that the cost of entry to deliver cyber attack is very, very low. The cost of accessing cyberspace is very low. And even in today's world, we are very porous. We have holes in our protections. We still don't know how to deliver cyber security in these very complex environments, and when we look to the future and the solutions of how we're going to feed the planet and how we're going to understand the challenges we face in climate change, I can tell you, then we're not going to scale up. It's not clear who's going to pay, who's going to build the locks of the future, who's going to help us understand how we lock our front doors and our car doors, and how we come together, and which cars we're sharing, and which houses we're residing in together. It's not obvious. And so what we really need to understand is what global strategies should be. We have processes, we have internet governance processes, we have legalities and proactive defence processes, state-on-state, but do we have strategy? No. Do we know what should be inside strategy, what should be out? But we have to do together as a creative coalition what else we could do as nations. And I put it to you that in order to really address this and we have an opportunity, we need good science, broad science. We need to come together, we need to share in a world where we're so scared of sharing what's happening to us, it means that we don't have the data that our scientists can engage around. So as we move forward, we really need to be brave and in order to have brave policy we have to have new coalitions that bring our policy makers together, our champions of cyberspace together, and also the scientists so that we can get these insights that will give us new options for the future. Thank you.