Here's Gosling now, up to halfway, just getting the chances though has been Bournemouth's problem recently. They haven't wasted that many, they haven't created that many. Here's Stacey now, infield to Callum Wilson, little flick round the corner for Sprazer, right corner of the penalty. What a first-time ball from Sprazer, Wilson! Oh wow, nearly! That was an unbelievable goal. You see them on the training ground, you probably hit the top corner you hardly ever see them in matches. Sprazer half-volley, into Callum Wilson half-volley, only a yard past the left angle. Leno has the ball in his feet, looks very kind and absolutely fires one at David Louise out by the corner flag. They've gone out of that pretty well, they've still got a bit of work to do here with Saka, left side of the penalty area, up towards the Bamiang, then Saka and Gosling come together, and they show he's won it back. Masters of their own downfall there, as Wilson has it, bearing down on the penalty area. Little ball to Stacey, can he pull it back? Stacey in the Gosling! Looking to change that stat, it's a Bamiang, danger, edge of the penalty area, it's behind Lacazette, helped on to Ozil, left foot back to Nelson, left foot blocked by Gosling, the shot is in a Bamiang, is he onside, the Lonesmen says yes!


You turn on CNN, that's all they cover. COVID, COVID, pandemic, COVID, COVID, COVID. You know why they're trying to talk everybody out of voting?  They're not buying it. That's all they talk about. I watched this guy's got lousy ratings. Fredo, you know Fredo? Got horrible ratings. He's talking about the pandemic.  I don't know. He said he had it. I'm not sure he had it. He went to the basement. It's the only time his ratings were up. People want to see what was going to happen. You'll probably get it again, even though, in theory, you're not supposed to be able to. Well, I had it, and they say, you're not going to catch it again, and that's okay with me. That's okay with me. Oh, were they happy when they heard I had it, right? Did you see it? Oh, that was... They were trying, well, we hope he gets better. Ha-ha-ha. We hope he gets better soon. And then I came out and I did a rally, and I said, this guy hasn't changed. Actually, I say, I'm not saying... I don't know if this is a compliment. They said he looks better now than before he had it. What's that all about? What's that? Who knows? What surprised me? You know? It's $450,000. The only reason I mention it is they never talk about it. They never talk about it. But what they do do is they call up every month. Did he give up his check? And Kaylee, where's Kaylee? Is she here? Where's Kaylee? I'm grateful. Where's Kaylee? Kaylee! She's all right. Come here, Kaylee. So she just recovered from COVID. Can you believe it? Stay away from me, Kaylee. No, Kaylee. Is it true? They call all the time. Did he give up his check? His salary check? And she's always like, okay, they never write about that. If I ever didn't give it up, it would be headlines. Trump refused.  But is that true, Kaylee? Absolutely true, Mr. President. And let me tell you this, guys. With your help, we can beat social media. We can beat the media because we have the greatest fighter in the history of this country. And President Donald J. She is so great. I didn't know she'd be that good. That was good. Sometimes they get people up and they bomb. You know, they bomb. You know, she's married to a professional major league baseball player. He got lucky. He got lucky.


As we watch Ukraine's fight for its independence unfold before our very eyes as Russia's invasion of the country continues, there are many questions that we are asking. Could this conflict proceed something greater? What exactly does Russia want from Ukraine? Can we expect more invasions like this in the near future? I would like to take a few weeks to answer some of these questions in my videos so we can have a greater understanding of the global ramifications of this war and how the global order will change as a result. Today I will look into a few different scenarios as to how the war in Ukraine will result based on the current events and my own intuition. I also plan to make a video covering Russia's different post-Soviet alliances such as the CSTO, CIS, and Eurasian Union and how they play into this conflict, in addition to a video covering what specifically Russia wants from Ukraine. Though there are likely more events that have transpired since the making of this video, the current situation in Ukraine looks a bit like this. Russia has invaded from the east in the breakaway regions of Donetsk and Luhansk, as well as from Belarus, already arriving at the city limits of Kiev, and from Russian occupied Crimea. Though the Americans and Europeans have sent military aid and sanctions towards Russia, they have not supplied Ukraine with reinforcements. Turkey has played a principal role in the defense of Ukraine by closing off the Black Sea straits to Russian warships. If you watched my video from two months ago about the prospect for war, you will see that my predictions have played out with near-accuracy, which is, to be honest, a little unsettling. I don't believe that Russia will invade any of the NATO countries, but if they did, that would almost certainly instigate a world war. Now, I will provide three different scenarios that I see as likely results of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, and a fourth scenario which I personally see little chance of occurring but I still believe is worth mentioning. Number 1. Russia annexes the south and east of Ukraine. This is a possibility that most people don't think about, as I feel like there is this binary view of the war, where people believe that either Ukraine will prevail in full, or be completely trampled over by Russia. However, there are certain parts of Ukraine that Russia prioritizes over others. These areas are in the south and east of the country, on the border with the Federation, and along the coastline. The region in question holds strategic naval ports, gas reserves, industrial potential, and if Russia occupies it, there will be greater distance from the industrial heartland of Russia to an independent country. The reason I see this possibility as likely is because of the fierceness of the Ukrainian people. Though it is highly unlikely that the entire country can be salvaged from this invasion, the Ukrainians will not see their country fall at the hands of the invaders, no matter the cost. Even though Ukraine would have lost a large chunk of its land, including some of its most strategic regions, there would still be great pride in the nation, as it would have survived an attack from one of the most powerful countries in the world. In this scenario, it is more likely that Ukraine would end up being allowed to join the European Union, as its existence as a full Western ally would not be as big of a threat to Russia, due to the greater distance. Yet, there are more reasons as to why I believe this scenario is unlikely to occur. First of all, Russia will try to grab as much land as it can from this invasion, and will not stop until they have the maximum amount of territory they can without invading a NATO member. Though the Ukrainians are indeed fierce fighters, they will still be surrounded on three sides by Russian forces in a flat land nation, where swift invasions can be made easy. Russia would also try to prevent any chance of NATO or the EU gaining allies in its backyard, as even the rump state of Ukraine would be a soft underbelly for the Russian bloc. Number two, Russia turns Ukraine into a puppet state. This is an unfortunately high possibility, and the scenario I would say is the most likely. Though it is clear that Russia could not care less about the reaction of the international community to its actions, there is a chance they would not annex Ukraine so they can look at least partially accountable to the international community by respecting the territorial integrity of Ukraine. In reality, Putin would be instating a new pro-Kremlin government, maybe even bringing back Viktor Yanukovych. Ukraine would become very similar to Belarus, where it is nominally independent, but the country answers to Russia for all political matters. This scenario seems likely due to the continued Russian assault on Kiev, and the Ukrainian government's commitment to stay in the city, even if they are captured. There is a chance they would flee the city if the situation gets dire enough, and they can continue to fight from Lviv, but Zelensky and his government don't seem to have any plans to do that. If the government is captured, the Ukrainian forces would be greatly destabilized as their upper command would be gone, making a Russian takeover much easier. However, Ukrainian partisan fighters would continue to fight even after the fall of the government, and though the country may be ruled by a pro-Russian leader, Ukraine would become very unstable due to the presence of these partisans. My only doubt for this continued presence of partisans is the flat geography of Ukraine making the land easy to control, and I doubt Ukraine would become like Chechnya, where a nominally pro-Kremlin leader rules his land basically independently, as Ukraine would be more directly controlled by the Kremlin. Number 3. Ukraine and Belarus are annexed by Russia. Remember how I said Russia doesn't care about the reaction of the international community? Well there is a good chance they will care so little that they will straight up annex their two East Slavic neighbors, who would essentially already be under their control. Russia has been trying to undermine the national identity of the Ukrainian people and indirectly the Belarusians as well, and we could see a new union stay created within the next five years. Though they would attempt to unite the three East Slavic ethnic groups into one, this effort would be unsuccessful due to the long and unique history of all these people from each other. The best course of action for Russia would be to create an unequal federation, or confederation, where each of the nations are a state within the larger Union state. I believe that because of the situation in Transnistria, Moldova could likely fall prey to being part of this Union state also. I will also make a video regarding how the war in Ukraine will affect the sovereignty of Moldova. These moves would be greatly condemned by the Western powers, with NATO and the EU now having a very long border with Russia that would likely become heavily militarized. Though I don't see it likely that Ukraine will pull through this war with all of its rightful territory, there is always that slim chance of hope that some outside force will aid them with reinforcements to help Ukraine reclaim its lost lands. To me, Turkey seems like the most likely country to help Ukraine, due to its closer proximity and its greater willingness to get involved in foreign wars as it tries to establish itself as a great power. In conclusion, I am hopeful for the Ukrainian people that they will pull through this war with their nation intact, but I am not sure how likely this prospect is. I hope most of all, however, that this war will cause the least hardship and casualties possible and that it will end as soon as possible as well, though it is obvious that Putin will not stop until he sees the end of Ukraine. Until next time, Godspeed to Ukraine and its people in your time of need. Thank you for watching this exclusive Max World Politics Report. Stay tuned in the following weeks as I cover Ukraine's war of independence and the deep complexities involved in it.


Aloha. I'm Larry Grimm, your host for the program. Don't just age, engage. What are the perils of aging at home, even unto the time and dying at home? It would seem like the most common and seem like the most natural thing to do. And quite frankly, 90% of Americans over 65 want to do this. That means only about 6% actually go into some sort of skilled nursing care. I'm Larry Grimm, your host for this program. Think Tech Hawaii works with the community and mostly looks at issues our island community faces throughout our state. I'm so grateful for Think Tech Hawaii and the work that they do. And they welcome me and my program is a little bit different in that it's not so much issue-oriented as it is looking at the internal dynamics of aging. I have my own online program and service for people in their elderhood called Personal Coaching for Life and Faith, that website there that you see. And I have devoted myself after working as a professional chaplain in long-term care and hospice care, devoting myself to taking care of people online to enable them to make that transition into elderhood. Well, in that transition, the most important preparation to be made is the decision of where you want to live. 90% of Americans over 65 are planning to live at home, but are they really effectively planning to live at home? Today, I want to take a look at six topics with you and encourage you to send your questions to that email address just flashed. I want to look at six topics that if we don't take them seriously and pursue them and answer them, these questions, then we, I think living in your own home, living in your own space can be a perilous experience. So I want to offer this to you today. It's a way of kind of priming the pump.  And why not? Surrounded by all the artifacts of your life, the stories of the past, the joys and the celebrations, the disappointments and the trials and the challenges and the successes. It's all there in the home, isn't it? That's full of all of our stories. But if we don't take seriously what we need to do and sincerely look at the ways of preparing for that very choice, living at home can be perilous. So let me begin these six topics with you. And I'll explore each one with you. And please, again, do send in your questions or comments that you have to questions at thinktechhawaii.com. Thanks, Eric. The first one then that comes across will be a concern for a home safety check.  On the other hand, if you're going to live at home, there may be a possibility that you're going to want to put, for instance, extra demand on the electrical system if you bring in medical equipment to help you breathe, especially when we're talking about COVID, to help you breathe, CPAP machines, to help you breathe oxygen, tanks, and oxygen developers, provider, those kinds of things can put extra tax on your home's electrical system. If you haven't had an upgrade into your home, you may even be out of compliance with a local code for electrical. So one aspect then is a home safety check is to have your electrical system checked out to see if it can handle any increase that may be necessitated in your care there in your home as you age. An extra demand on the electrical system hop a fire and can be very perilous. Same is true of the water system. Of your water system, oftentimes homes are built elegantly from the past and may have water system and pipes that have deteriorated over the years, both in terms of delivering water to you and also the sewage system. I had a sewage system at one time that in one home that was made of old, old, old iron cast pipe and it accumulated a huge amount of material in the pipe that really ended up blocking up the system and to replace the whole pipe to the street from the house to the street. That's one experience. But what might be the need for your own particular water system? So check the electric, check the water system, and check the flooring. What kind of floor covering are you going to want? One of the most difficult things for people who may have wheelchairs or walkers is carpeting. And it's frankly not safe for some people who are walking with the help of walkers. So what are the obstacles that if you need to have assistance in your walking and moving around motivation movement, what could be the obstacles that would make it not so safe for you to stay in that home and do what you need to do? So those are three areas in the safety check, electric, water of course, very common, and then surface. What's on the surface and how best can you accommodate your needs, whatever they may be, for surface safety. So those are just three things. Getting a safety check might open some others as well for you. Make sure your home is a safe place to age and live in and die in. What's the next topic and the next item on our six-point list is prioritize your health. As we get past the age of 65, our bodies take on a different agenda. It's kind of odd that many of our physicians in their training have a very limited amount of teaching and training in geriatrics. We are becoming geriatric folks in the medical definition of aging and we become unique in the ways our bodies process things. So prioritize your health by becoming educated about it. There's so much available online about what you can know better, about the way, what to expect from your physicality. Knowledge can also be obtained in several wonderful books that are available. There's excellent authors that have written, physician authors that have stepped outside of the box of not knowing and have increased their knowledge of the medical demands of the aging body and the uniqueness of the aging body. Atul Gawande is one of those and so is Dr. Louise Aronson, two remarkably great writers who have offered us tremendous insight. So yes, that helps you again to see your own physical dimensions and physical developments in new ways. We're not going to, our physicality is not going to proceed at home any better than it will anywhere else, but it will give you a chance to be aware of what's going on and to be in control to some extent, not control, but at least to be a good steward of your body and what the needs may be. So prioritize your health in terms of education and in terms of getting the best kind of care possible. Prioritize by having a physician in whom you have good confidence, knows what it is for the human body to age beyond 65 into the 70s, 80s and 90s. The third topic that I want to raise for you is make a plan for transportation. Can I just go ahead and drive? Well, what is it that many people talk about, young children of aging parents talked about? Well, we finally took the keys to the car away from mom or dad and it can be very, very, very challenging to you as an aging parent, as an aging human being. Our car, our motivation, our transportation is a tremendous symbol of independence and of course not only a symbol of independence, but truly a means for independence and a means for getting around to places we want to go, people we want to see. And so before you have to give up the keys for some reason and rightly so because dementia can be a harrowing experience out there on the interstate. So imagine what you will do for transportation. How will you utilize public transportation? What are the options that are available in your center, in your rural or urban center for transportation? What are the places and the people with whom you want to connect? One of the most difficult things for aging people is we get isolated. We get isolated and cut off from family and friends and when that happens, our health deteriorates. One of the, on the flip side of that, I would also say that when I was working in long-term care, we saw, I saw people come into long-term care from their homes where they had been in a nice place to live but were isolated and their health rebounded, because the physical health rebounded because they had community. So when you think in terms of transportation, think first of where are the places you want to go? Who are the people that you want to be with and connected with after COVID of course or wear a mask and make sure you're vaccinated and who are those people with whom you want to stay face to face, physically in touch and engaged with? Where are the places? Local pub, restaurants, churches, theater, movies, adult care center, adult daycare, senior citizens, programs that are so many of the good ones that are available. Where are the places and the people you want to stay connected with face to face? And what are they going to be the best ways that you can get there? That's car, great, use the car as long as you can and beyond that. What other transportation may you need to figure out, look into? So the next topic is number four, befriend technology. This may be a little bit about a place today because we're sure we've been and so many of us have been almost forced to befriend technology in order to communicate family and friends around the world and where we would have been without face to face video conferencing in this pandemic blows my mind because we were able to overcome the isolation of this pandemic in part because of the technology that we had access to. But look at some other things in the technology that's in this computer screen. We call it Windows. I know one product is called Windows and for me, I've always felt like that's Windows on the world. Through Windows, I can connect with friends around the world. I have friends in Palestine, I have friends in England, I have a friend in Finland, a friend in many friends in Houston. My daughters are in Denver, Colorado and my grandchildren. So befriend technology may be the key to not being isolated and cut off. The worst thing I think that can happen in staying where you are is that you would get cut off from the people you love. The relationships would suffer. Well, technology gives us a way in which we can stay connected in a very meaningful face to face way. Here's a question that came in. Isn't it best just to move closer to my adult children after age 65? Shouldn't I just sell the house and pick up stakes and move out close to my children, my adult children? That can be perilous too. Not that you shouldn't do it. I had one client, however, that always makes this question a huge question for me. She had gone through divorce. She was more in her later 50s. She had gone through divorce, was granted the house. She loved the house. She was in the home, in this suburban home, but it got to be too much for her and she had to sell it. Her plan was just to go ahead and move to the same area, the same suburban center where her oldest son lived with his spouse and two grandchildren. She was so excited about becoming a grandmother and being able to act that role every day in the life of her older son. What she didn't know was that her son's, her daughter-in-law did not want her involved, did not want her involved in the life of the children. So she went ahead and made the move and actually became more isolated than she would have been had she stayed in the same city and just moved maybe across the city. When she moved, she gave up her community, the people who knew and loved her and who supported her. She gave up, of course, the house that she loved. She gave up transportation, which she was familiar with. She gave up familiarity with everything that was there and so found herself in this place where her connection with her loved ones was really stymied in her opinion and so she had to rebuild the life, actually, as she did that, was able to do that in very meaningful ways through church connections, through educational process, through many things that she ventured into, which she'd not done before. So she did that, but it was pick up and move close and assume that things are going to be okay that your kids will just take care of you. It's pretty perilous. Or the other thing goes, other way goes as well, to stay in the home and say, I think all my adult children will just take care of me and they'll figure out all the needs that I have and how to make things happen. That, too, can be perilous because it would be based on an assumption that that's what they want to do. Children of aging parents have lives to live, have responsibilities, and my goodness, if they have children, they are tremendously engaged with their children and with their own lives and agendas, not to be mean to parents, aging parents, but that those do have a certain priority. So take into account relationships that you have with your adult children and what really is possible based on those relationships. And there's nothing wrong with asking and talking it out. That's the best thing, have the conversation, have the conversation. And you might even have that conversation in part around dying itself. There are many, there are several very helpful living will living will programs that you can turn to here in here in Hawaii. We have a cool amount that a tremendous group that that enables families and communities like churches and other communities to have the conversation about death and dying and to set the parameters for what you want in your medical care at the end of life stage. I am I think it's very important that we foster having a foster dying well and in foster dying, fostering dying well that we also are fostering living in elderhood well and having a wonderful elderhood, an elegant and extraordinary elderhood so that we live well and die well with each other. And having a conversation about that about death really can also lead into a conversation about living at home and who can be of help. Now, there are many, many opportunities, many, many resources I mean available for home care, food preparation, things that you think may you would want your children to do. And if we find that they don't want to do it, there are these other resources that are available so having the conversation gives you a chance to explore what the limits are from the family needs and then to find those resources that will fill the gap of what will enable you to stay, live at home where you love to be. The next topic is look into long-term care insurance. You can purchase long-term care insurance now as long as you're not in long-term care already. But long-term care will give you insurance would give you options if it comes if your body comes to the point that you need to have specialized care. The long-term care insurance means that you're able to, based on private pay, to have a range of options open to you. Medicare does not pay for room and board. Medicare pays for medical care. Medicaid pays for room and board. Medicaid has particular requirements that have to be met, financial requirements that have to be met. If you've heard your friends talk about spending down their assets, part of that may be motivated by it for positioning themselves for Medicaid. Look at what those options are. Look at what's available and what's needful. Consider a fairly low-cost long-term care insurance that will actually open up a wide range of possibilities if, in fact, you live at home to a point where you need to go into some other kind of care.  Hospice care. You can enter hospice care when you have a physician who says you have approximately six months or less to live that gives Medicare coverage for hospice care. But long-term insurance would provide the place that you want to be. So look at the long-term, personal long-term care insurance for your aging in place successfully. Oddly enough, it could be one of the things that enables you to do it without peril. Now, the final and sixth and final topic is make a plan for your care. I have used I have used two different images of aging. One is that when I was living on the east coast, I lived in Richmond, Virginia, traveled from Richmond, Virginia to Raleigh, North Carolina, and we flew puddle jumper planes, smaller jets that could easily go in and out of the mountain airports along the Blue Ridge Mountains. This particular, I think it was 727, and this particular jet that I took was coming into Raleigh, North Carolina. And the pilot came on when we arrived over Raleigh airport and said, of course, it was sunny outside because we were above the clouds, and he said, the airports below us, but the cloud cover is a really terrible storm, and I can't go through it. I have to look for an opening to go through it. So bear with me while I cruise here and circle around until I find an opening. Well, eventually, about 15 minutes, I think we were circling, and he came back on and he said, I have an opening here, and I'm going to go down through the opening to the airport. Well, we have been cruising very comfortably above all the turmoil of the storm, and we got to this opening, and he just took a dive. It was like white knuckle time for everybody. It took a dive down through the storm, and of course, we got beneath the clouds, and it was windy and wet and all kinds of lightning and thundering and soap, but he took us down, got us into a safe landing at the airport. Now, that's one way that people live their elder hood. They seem to say, well, I'll do, I'll cruise along here until I need to make a dive into care, until I need to have an, until I have an emergency, and I'll meet the crisis when it comes. That's one way to do it. You can wait until the peril arises. You can wait until you, until you see the opening in the storm and make, and dive down into it. But another way to look at this is to think about coming into Honolulu airport, international airport, and you're really, because it's on the edge of the ocean, you start out, the pilot starts off miles out making a descent, and the descent is gradual and careful, and, and so easy that it feels so easy that you're on the ground before you even know it if you don't pay attention. In some ways, that's what I'm advocating by, by planning for your care. None of us can anticipate every possible problem that we're going to have physically, but if we start planning when we have our abilities and cognizance, and cognitive abilities, and our physical abilities, we start planning now way out over the ocean, so to speak. And we're going to make that descent much more gradually and much less perilously than if we don't wait for a trauma, or if we wait for a problem. So six items, if you want to know those six items for me, please send me an email and you go to my, if you go to my website, at personalcoachingforlifeandfaith.com, you'll find my contact information. I'd love to have further communication with you about it. This has been a wonderful time for me. Thank you so much for joining me. Don't Just Age and Gage is about empowering you to be creating an extraordinary elder hood in your life. So come back in two weeks and join me again and we'll have, we'll meet again over more people and more topics for discussion and interviews. Aloha and thanks to ThinkTik Hawaii. Make a donation today.


This was a reflection of who Jill Biden really is that teacher that warrants that personal sort of message to that this is the nice guy my husband Joe Biden, you know, one of the things in this is speech as we look at the text I love that line how do you make a broken family whole the same way you make a nation whole this empathy idea that they continue to hit on Michelle Obama last night and Dr. Joe Biden tonight it the implication being. Joe Biden has put the country first even in moments of pain strikes me Jamal as Margaret is talking that she essentially vouched for him as the healer in chief. Yeah, I want to go back to Michelle Obama for just a second, you know, she's known for when we go when they know I know I can't stop thinking about it to be honest with you her message was heard loud and clear, you know Barack Obama very well to what do you expect from him tonight and I'm wondering if he's feeling pressure because Michelle Obama seems to have knocked it out of the park and this was it was a partisan speech on one level but it was beyond that from President Obama a speech that many people while senator Harris's speech was historic in and of itself and had its own power talking about the 22nd amendment that bans a president from going beyond 2 terms Democrats are looking at that Obama speech tonight and saying maybe one day he could come back maybe that 22nd amendment could be repealed to think for the rest of us it was a stunning speech I think that she really had more self confidence and and more impact than a lot of vice presidential acceptance speech speeches but it's just particularly for black women and girls. I just had a chat and then took on the tone at the end of the fervency of almost a preacher at the pulpit it was a deeply optimistic speech hopeful it was intimate and it was very suited to a virtual convention it really seemed like he was trying to buck up and nation that has been through a lot I have to say having watched Joe Biden since the 70s when he first ran for the Senate. I've never seen him deliver a better speech he talks as you say so optimistically saying are we the generation that can wipe the stain of racism from our national character. I think we can it was all hopeful is not partisan at all in fact he was talking about bridging the divide. Democrats have laid down a marker and Joe Biden closed it very well. This is a unified Democratic Party. This was a really well run convention they stretch their tent out really well without ripping any holes in the middle. I think this is a highly successful convention and it lays down a marker for Donald Trump next week. I don't know if they can match it. But think of it. A man who's waited about 50 years to get nominated by his party to be president gets to do it tonight unexpectedly in his own hometown. Talk about a dream come true. It was a great speech. I think it was better than what many of us expected because he was able to combine both the show that empathy show that hope give people that hope. So I think it was important for him tonight to make people feel that hope. Thank you for for just continuing to do your job and then showing up and and speaking to the public because we need you. I think Michelle Obama's speech was pretty flawless. I mean she's Michelle Obama and you're not like there's nobody like her in the world for him to come out with a warning say this is really bad. We're really at risk. Our country might not be a democracy anymore depending on what happens in the next election because the people in power now are happy to do away with democracy as our form of government. It's just I just feel like a separate and apart from how well they're running the convention. Those 2 speeches from Michelle and Barack Obama are going to stick with me and I think stick with a lot of people. For a long time and they've got to make the case for Joe Biden and I don't think they're doing anything differently in this convention that they've been trying basically since 2016. Really rights were you watching the convention last night it felt very different.  Right. I mean the attacks on on Hunter Biden. For getting a job or getting on a board right that sound that you hear all across the country is a sound of Democrats exhaling that's what that we people would would have accepted anything we just wanted to get out there.  The set expectations are just so long and we were prepared for it to be a terrible speech as I didn't embarrass himself we were going to come out here and praise it.


Thanks for checking out this movie review video. So this is for the 1990 film Franken Hooker by Frank Hennan lotter. Yes written and directed by Frank Hennan lotter and when I'm done with this This completes my reviews of Frank Hennan lotter films I have a playlist on my channel if you want to see the other ones all three of the basket case films brain damage Bad biology and now Franken Hooker now one of the things that occurred to me after I Completed watching Franken Hooker and I was doing my notes for this was that it really dawned on me This is kind of like an epiphany that I had the movie basket case by Hennan lotter Created two trilogies basically now both those trilogies being obviously the basket case trilogies of basket case 1 2 and 3 But then also basket case Brain damage and Franken Hooker, which are the New York trilogy and it's just mainly because they're set in the same City and they're focused on kind of these the seedy looking city now I don't have any you know information from Frank Hennan lotter saying that the The three films that are not basket case, you know basket case brain damage and Franken Hooker are An actual trilogy, but I think it's actually been referred to as like the New York trilogy or something like that The other thing that I realized is it all five of the movies are in the same universe Basically, or at least could be in the same universe We know after watching brain damage that basket case and brain damage are certainly in the same universe So that covers the first three the three basket case movies and brain damage And then I would assume if that's the case why wouldn't Franken Hooker also be because the other thing being in basket case brain damage and Franken Hooker They're they all go to a motel that looks very similar And I think that's supposed to be the same motel in the same place kind of tying everything together So that's just the thought up front now. Let's talk more about Franken Hooker specifically Obviously written and directed by Frank Hennan lotter Like I said, he's done brain damage basket case all three of those films bad biology and then Documentaries Herschel Gordon Lewis the godfather of Gore chasing Banksy and boiled angels the trial of Mike Diana Do Robert Martin was also a writer on Franken Hooker Now he was also a writer in the script for basket case three the progeny That's the only other thing that he worked with Hennan lotter on James Lawrence Is Jeffrey in this and I loved him as Jeffrey in this his Jersey accent is so thick and so funny And his acting is great in this. I love his acting. It's it's Bad it's not like bad, but it's like fun and it's funny So I think that kind of mix kind of carries a lot of the film because if you think about the actual script of it The actual story of it. This is disturbing stuff If you just read the script you'd be like this is really messed up and this is really disturbing But it's presented in a way that's actually light and funny and fun Which is weird and that's that has a lot to do with the acting and how that's done The way it's filmed which is a typical Hennan lotter thing He makes things kind of cartoonish and happy and upbeat and then the music is another thing The music is very light and happy and upbeat so it keeps something that would otherwise be very disgusting and Disturbing and makes it just fun and funny. So that's Hennan lotter in a nutshell So James Lawrence who plays Jeffrey had bit parts in street trash, which I still need to do a review for Robo cop 3 The Irishman, yes, the Irishman on Netflix and he was also in the jerky boys movie So I just thought that was interesting now Patty Mullen who played Elizabeth aka Franken Hooker in this Did nothing after this film like this was kind of it I don't know if it was a situation where she just didn't want to do acting anymore or this kind of Ended that for her. I don't know because of the role. Who knows So the cost for this film apparently was one point five million dollars and ended up making just a bit over 205,000 so Big loss on profits there. No profits really just a loss, but you know, it's a cult classic now So I'm sure Hennan lotter doesn't Doesn't regret making the film Rightfully so So in order to save money Hennan lotter called in a favor from a guy who was a friend of his who had done pyrotechnics before because a Lot of the one point five million dollars was going to be taken up by the pyrotechnics So he figured how do we cut this down? How do we get it cheaper and allocate that money elsewhere? So he got a favor from someone to do the pyrotechnics in this now. This is a quote reportedly From the guy when he set up the pyrotechnics. Don't worry. It's maybe safe. I Would not recommend going this route. I understand this was a different time. This was the 80s and everything Safety is important. I would not recommend going this route But it adds to the story of this film being made Release ended up getting delayed due to the fact that they were having a difficulty getting an R rating now This is also a this is said and by Hennan lotter This is said what happened with MPAA is that they called and left a message with I think the secretary of the production company and Said congratulations.  It might not be true. I don't know but I thought that was worth throwing out there now Frankenhooker Elizabeth When she's Frankenstein'd up has purple nipples now initially They were supposed to also pan down and show purple pubic hair now They had problems with the dyeing of hair so they ended up kind of cutting that out So I thought that was interesting and then this is very interesting I didn't know this and this is insane to me kind of Bill Murray liked this film and he publicly had kind of endorsed Frankenhooker Bill Murray, man. You should watch it because Bill Murray. That's crazy All right, so here we go sorry for the pause there I'm just trying to figure out this film is crazy by the way It's the best way that I put it to people is it's absurd, but it's a lot of fun Now you got to love how hen and a lotter likes just jumping right into things like weird things And that's easily seen in this film with the start of it where it's Jeffrey sitting in I believe it's a kitchen at the table and he's doing things with this Brain with an eyeball in a purple liquid and as we see throughout the film purple is a reoccurring color And that's kind of like this rejuvenating slash Lick it's like a rejuvenating liquid But also it kind of just like keeps cells alive I guess is how that's supposed to be because that's where he puts all the body parts is in a you know meat freezer filled with this stuff But it's typical hen and a lotter to start with something really crazy and then just keep going from there Which it obviously does so Elizabeth saying that Jeff Jeffrey being a doctor as a hobby Like it's kind of like a normal thing is really wacky the fact that she was talking to the friend and saying oh, yeah And he stapled my stomach for me because she was concerned about gaining weight And they were just like oh he could do that.   That's another thing Franken Hooker I mean it obviously is a play on the old Frankenstein story very obviously. That's very very very obvious and You kind of know that there's going to be a hooker aspect now You might not necessarily know that he's going to blow up hookers with supercrack and then use their body parts to resurrect his girlfriend But hey, you see it coming as things are playing out The way the news this this was a small thing that I noticed watching this time around the way that knew the news in this movie covered Elizabeth's lawnmower accident was Really weird like they had a lot of puns in it And it was like they were making fun of the whole situation now I don't know if that was a little bit of hen and lotter kind of poking fun at the way media covers things and Kind of like salacious things like that are What they lead with this kind of entertainment for people I think maybe that that was kind of the point he was trying to make but it was just weird the way they covered it But funny, you know it adds I Love the cartoonish design of the garage lab at the garage lab that reveal the first reveal of it is a lot of fun for me And this is what I'm talking about with you know Hen and a lot are doing things in a cartoonish way to keep it like light and Fluffy to a degree, you know So if a lot of the stuff was like normal sized in the lab It would just look kind of more normal real-life lab type thing But the fact that he has like these coils and he even takes in the select massive spark plug Like he just makes everything big so it's just like over the top it like I'm saying it's cartoonish and that kind of Adds to this really, you know fun light concept So based on the concept art that Jeffrey shows Elizabeth Jeffrey shows Elizabeth's head It's obvious that his reconstruction of her is really driven by hormones And I'm talking about when he's having the dinner with her and he's showing her the pictures of these kind of Mock-up concepts of what her new body will look like and it's all like women from porno mags with her head on them So it's obvious that it's very sexually driven. It's not necessarily that he misses her It's that he misses her body like everything is very Obviously, it's super the male's gaze in this but it's super hyper-sexualized from the prostitution to the way that Jeffrey approaches and thinks about Elizabeth, you know, it's all sexual and it seems that he kind of looks at You know the ability to build her body as a way to Reconstruct her the way he wants her and not the way that she actually was now to a degree I think she liked it at first when she was resurrected because she was much skinnier until she starts to realize These are not my body parts and things don't necessarily match and then it just doesn't feel right, obviously so I think that partially it gets to the point of the amount of control that sometimes Men like to have with women in relationships and not just romantic Relationships but all types of relationships. Obviously, you see Zorro in this having control over many women in the prostitution relationship that he has with them, which by the way, I love the character of Zorro.   But the fact that he has his little monologue earlier saying that ever since the accident with elizabeth He's been feeling like he's growing more and more detached from reality You keep that in your mind and you see that like, oh, yes, this is him kind of spiraling spiraling out of control And that doesn't really stop There are moments here and there where he kind of breaks from it a little bit But then he gets out his little drill and drills into his own head Which by the way, that is insane to me I kind of feel like that's kind of geared as his version of drugs Because hen and lotter in a lot of his films touches on like drug usage and drug abuse, you know brain damage He does quite a bit There's a degree of it and I think in bad biology and basket case At least in the first one just being in like the cd new york and showing things like that It's it kind of gets to a little bit of that too But um, yeah, I kind of view it as you know Jeffrey drilling into his own head is his way of getting this euphoric feeling getting his head straight in a way and Feeling better because it starts to wear off at certain times and he has to redo it So it's kind of like he gets a high out of it Now the fact that he can shove a drill in his head and Not scream for pain Doesn't make sense obviously, but then again not a lot about this film really does make sense. So Once again, it's cartoonish. It's like cartoon violence, you know, like the roadrunner Hitting the coyote with an anvil like there there isn't any pain shown or anything like that You just accept it as oh that just happens and he can walk it off It's very much what what hen and lotter does with his films Uh jeffrey scoping out the prostitutes for body parts is funny But this is another one of those moments that if the music wasn't the right way and the film hadn't been set up in such a Light funny fun way. It would be really disturbing and really really creepy But because they set it up the way that they well because hen and lotter set it up the way that he did It's just kind of funny and fun so, yeah The jersey accent jeffrey has is excellent already talked about that Zorro's place when jeffrey first goes into zoro's place that place is out of control It is so over the top But once again, that's what hen and lotter does Oversexualization overboard with all these people there doing drugs and just being crazy I mean the fact that everyone's hanging out in the bathroom at zoro's place is is nuts I mean you would think these people kind of want to like spread out because there's a lot of space in there Um hanging out in the bathroom doesn't make sense, especially for zoro if it's his place I would be in a much more comfortable place if I was him. It's just weird The head drilling ends up being like a drug already talked about that.  Like all those types of things it's really It's really funny the way that scene plays out and a lot of that has to do with the acting of laurence Um jeffrey the character really goodness I think the already talked about that one jeffrey tries to keep the ladies from using the supercrack probably Because there is that one little moment where he he does try and keep them from using the supercrack because he's rethinking his idea Of blowing them up and taking the parts But he does try to stop them and I think for a moment that happens because his drill effects Had worn off at that point if you remember when you would do the drill effects It would kind of make him more bold it would focus him more on this crazy idea to reconstruct elizabeth So I think that's why he kind of has that moment where he's trying to stop them from doing it But obviously they do it And the body explosions that ensue are super fun But I would argue that you should have a lot of blood in this scene when all the body parts are blowing up There's absolutely no blood. I think you should have blood flying everywhere I think that's the one thing that hen and lotter really missed with this film hen and lotter apparently signed and gave away those those uh extra boo pieces Where he has that kind of like pile of fake breasts when he's trying to to cobble together, uh, elizabeth Apparently I had read that he had uh taken those and signed a bunch of them and gave them to cast and crew When they were done filming it's kind of like little mementos. I thought that was a funny little thing to tell The typical frankenstein's monster creation scene is present in this with along with the theme of the creation not turning out as intended That always happens with these frankenstein type stories Now obviously in this situation it doesn't turn out like intended because the prostitute body parts kind of overtake Um, elizabeth's brain and then that's why and I don't know if people notice this when she's first resurrected The only things she can say are things that prostitutes have already said within the film So I think it you know most people just view it as oh, it's just funny She's saying all these things that prostitutes say But notice that everything she said has already been said by a prostitute in the film And I thought that was interesting to kind of have that level of detail and stick to it Uh elizabeth only or I literally just said that I'm sorry guys.  So just a just my thought on it The crazy street preacher in this real quick. He shows up a few times towards the end of this That is lile from basket case two. I love that dude's acting He did such a great job in basket case two. Uh, he's one of my favorite parts of that of that film You can check that review out on my channel Zoro was making the women sell their parts Obviously as the pimp So it's only fitting that he's attacked by those parts he was selling at the end of the film Oh the irony. So I like how the film ends that way not just because it's you know Zoro getting his at the end and it's ironic But also because It's hen and lotter taking some things and making really weird looking things kind of like a belial type character from the basket case films So all for it Some final thoughts on this film jeffrey gets a taste of his own medicine in the end obviously and deservedly so Because after zoro got his jeffrey gets his because jeffrey when he was creating elizabeth his new Version of elizabeth he was so focused on making her like super hot and sexy and You know the perfect physical body for him that it's just so funny when he gets his at the end and you know elizabeth gave him basically the body that he was looking for with her And so he can just stand there and look at himself in the mirror and then enjoy himself that way I like that ending to it So like basket case and brain damage this film revels in the seedy underbelly of new york That's one of the things I really like about the films is that they just Are so dark and seedy and Scummy, you know and it's just an interesting setting for things And it's the same thing with like the film maniac same thing I really dig it. So Those are all my thoughts on franken Hooker It is a fun film and obviously this is one of those films that I have to review two different ways So as a film in general out of five stars with half stars in play, um, I mean, I'm gonna give it Two and a half stars. I guess as it's just a straight up film Because there are problems and it's not like the most serious and plot holes and all that stuff But at the at the same time it's fun and a lot of stuff well executed now As far as so bad, it's good films out of five stars with half stars in play Um, I give it three and a half. I'm gonna give it three and a half It's not my favorite of the hen and lotters. I think maybe brain damages at at this moment I don't remember what I what I gave that on my review because it's been a while It's been over a year. I think since I did brain damage Or it may be about a year. It feels like it's been a long time. But anyway, but yes Let's talk in the comments about brain about frank and hooker Actually, we can talk about all hen and lotter in the comments, but specifically frank and hooker for this one But go crazy if you want to Do me a quick favor though hit that subscribe button If you like this review video or any videos I have ever done because that is the best way to repay me And I 100 appreciate it when people do that for me It gives me a very big sense of gratitude and I see all of you people who are subscribing I literally get an email and it tells me who it is That has subscribed and I look at you guys. I I actually look at the picture you have And feel grateful for you subscribing. So I appreciate that Also, if you are going to subscribe, make sure you hit the notification bell And that way you know anytime that I'm putting up a new video Whether it's a movie review and unboxing or doing a live stream But regardless, thanks for checking this out and until next time Keep it brutal


Hey everyone, welcome back to Six Sister Stuff. Today I am making chewy Czech spars. So my name is Kristin and this is? Annie. She is my special helper in the kitchen today. Now we've teamed up with Czechs to bring you these chewy Czech spars. These are so easy to make, you don't even need a pan to put them together. All you need is the microwave and about five ingredients, am I right? Yeah, let's head on to the kitchen and make these delicious chewy Czech spars. So the five ingredients you need are rice, Czech cereal, marshmallows, butter, chocolate chips and candy coated chocolate. Now we're gonna start with the four tablespoons of butter. We're gonna put it in a microwave safe bowl and microwave it until it is about halfway melted. Now, once it's a little bit melted, we're gonna add in our marshmallows. This is about four cups of mini marshmallows. You could also use the big marshmallows too. I would add about four and a half or five cups of those. So now you're just going to stir and mix the butter in with the marshmallows and microwave it again. Now you're gonna microwave just until the marshmallows are melted. Then you're gonna add about six cups of Czech cereal. Now just mix it until it's well combined. Now after I'm done mixing it pretty well, I let it cool for just a minute or two before adding my candy. Because if it's really hot, it will melt my candy and I don't wanna melt all of the candy. I want it to still stay in its shape. So very gently, you're mixing your candy so you don't crush your candy and so you don't crush the Czech cereal. Now once you're done mixing it, you're gonna pour it into a nine by 13 pan. Now we sprayed this pan with non-stick cooking spray so it'll be easy to pull off the cereal bars when they're done cooling. Okay, spread it out and here's my trick. I like to spray Pam or non-stick cooking spray onto her hands so she'll be able to press it down without it sticking. So I just sprinkled on a few more candy and then pressed them down so it can add a little more color. Now for the topping. We're gonna melt the chocolate chips in the microwave. If it's not melted enough, you could add a little bit of oil and melt it more in the microwave. But you want it pretty. I like mine thick instead of really thin so a little bit thick so you can actually taste the chocolate as you drizzle it on. Now once the chocolate is hardened, go ahead and cut it up and let your kids taste it. Now I just have to say, I think my kids really enjoyed this recipe. Now a special thanks to Chex, Cereal and General Mills for sponsoring this post. All right, you guys, that's all I have for you today. I hope you have a wonderful weekend. All right, see you later, bye.


We started talking about this communicating classes in the Markov chains and in the last class we said this. So, the relations that i communicates to j and i and j communicates with each other that relations is an equivalence relation and that partitions my state space into classes which are equivalence classes. So, then we started looking into some properties of this communicating classes. What are the properties we studied about this communicating classes? We stated one class property theorem which says that if you have states in a particular class they must be all or of the same type either transient, positive recurrent or null recurrent. We looked into its proof today, building on that we will see some more properties of this class properties, some more properties related to this classes and then we will move on to something called invariant distribution. So, these are some more properties suppose let us say I have. So, what we are saying is suppose you know that j is a state which is recurrent and if you say that j communicates with i then is it obvious that j i from state i I have to come back to state j then i communicates with j. So, we are so they are saying j is recurrent by our notion of recurrence that means I should be hitting this state j again and again I should be coming back to this state with probability 1. But suppose I have from the state j I have reached some other state j in some finite time then if I have to again come back to that state then it must be a case from that state j I must return to state j. This also implies that f i j equals to 1. So, how we show this? So, since j goes to i I know that in some finite time there exists some n such that p i j of n is going to be greater than 0 since j plus that there exists n positive such that v of n is negative. So, the same condition also implies that I should be reaching. So, this is telling that at some point n I am going to reach state j with positive right. I mean I can also translate to the first time visit to state. So, this is j i first time visit to state i starting from j then that should be also happening to some positive probability. So, I can also take that to be maybe this need not be the same as this n it could be some different n when it is going to hit that particular state i for the first time. Now what I have? So, now let us try to prove this. Suppose let us say I am taking this to be suppose let us say f i j less than let us start with this negation of the statement given to me. Now let us look at this quantity f j j and this is not returning to state j right I am looking at 1 minus less than this. So, now it may happen that. So, I am asking about not returning to state j starting from j right. So, I am now can look at I hit some special state in between and from that I do not come back to j again and which state I hit in between could be many possible ways right. Now, I am going to take one particular possibility. So, that is why I am going to now look at the lower bound. So, let us say first I am going to hit this particular state i and after that I do not come back I from there I do not return to state j. So, this is 1 minus f j j is not returning to state j. So, what I am asking now looking at one particular possibility of that where first I go to state i and from there I again this is 1 minus f i j tells that if I start from i I never go back to j again right. So, this gives me one possibility of not going back to state j again. So, that is why this is going to be lower bound. Now, we know that this guy f j j of n is strictly positive and if this f i j is strictly less than 1 this guy is also positive. So, this product is positive and then is what we are saying is in this case if this is if we start with this assumption we are just proving that this f j j is less than 1. If f j j is less than 1 what does that mean it transient but we have initially assumed that this j is recurrent right. So, it contradicts. So, if j is recurrent this cannot happen. So, hence it must be the case that j is recurrent and if f i j equals to 1 it must be the case that starting from i I should be communicating to j at some point right. So, i is going to communicate with j. So, what we are saying is if my state j is recurrent if I leave state j and go to some other state at some point then it must be the case that from that state I should come back to state j again then only I am going to visit my state j again and again otherwise I am not going to visit state j again. Yes this is the whole contradiction right if I am going to take this f i j suppose let us say f i j is not equals to 1 but it is f i j is less than 1. Now what we are getting by using this assumption we are getting that f j j is strictly less than 1 that means j is transient but our hypothesis is what j is recurrent right. So, that is what is getting violated here this one. So, what is this? This is the probability of this you never coming back to state j in this can happen in many ways right. So, I am looking at a particular possibility where from j to you go to state I and from there you do not come back and this is just one possibility right that is why this probability is a lower bound on this event you are not coming back and may happen many ways. So, that is why this lower bound and I get greater than 0 here fine. Now we have already said that all my states get clustered into different communicating classes and now if I am going to take and these communicating classes can be either open or closed ok. Now suppose if I know this communicating class is open or this communicating class is closed can I further say that what kind of state it has. So, let us say I have a communicating class which is open then what kind of states possibly that communicating class will have right if that if my state j is recurrent I have to be hitting again and again. So, there should be a reverse path also, but in the open case that may not be the case right. So, that is why if I have a. So, let me also state it as a result. So, this is intuitively clear to us now how to show this. Suppose let us say I have a class here which has one particular state let us say I here and because this is an open communicating class I should have a state j outside this class. So, that the probability of reaching from this state to this should be positive that is the definition of our open communicating class right. So, if that happens how can I show that this state i is transient f i i equals to ok let us write what is f i f i is the probability of ever hit again hitting state i again starting from i right. So, I am going to now look at one step thing like ok I leave from that state i and then again I come back to that. So, I am now looking it in one step whereas, when I did this I looked at going to something in n step and then coming back to that state. So, what is the possibility in the first step I could go from the probability p i j I can go from state i to j and then I can look at f j from there I can look at coming back to i right. So, this is one possibility, but other possibilities could be instead of i I could be going to some other states and then if it could be f k right. So, there are many possibilities like maybe all this k not equals to j could be maybe contained within the same class what I am asking is in one step from the state a you go to some other state and from there you come back to state i. So, this is like this particular state which I know which is outside my class. So, I first go there and from there I will come back to state i again at some point and this is not just i yeah not just j I will go back to some other state k and from there I will come back at some point. Now, what I know? So, I know that p j i is what there exists a j outside if this is my my class is open communicating class right there exists a j outside my class. So, my there exists j which is outside my class such that p i j is what greater than 0 and then in this case this j is such that what should be f j i, why is that? So, in our comeback right if you are if f j i is not 0 then there is a positive probability that you will come back in that case means that actually i and j communicate they should be in the would have been in the same class not outside. So, what is this term is going to be with this term and now what I will do is I am going to I know that this f k i's are all upper bounded by greater than or equals to 1. So, I use this bound and get a bound like this. So, why this is an upper bound because f k i's I have put one for them because I know they have probability terms and they are up to at most 1. Now, look at this. So, now I am adding p i k's what is p i k probability of going from state i could i to k and now I am looking at all possibilities of states from where I can jump from state i except for j. So, this is what 1 minus now I have said that this p i j is what strictly positive. So, what this should be? So, this is what I wanted to show that state i that is inside this class is transient that is f i i is going to be strictly less than 1 fine. So, we already know that if I have a communicating class which is open that means every state in that should be transient because if I have one state which is transient in this communicating class. So, it must be the case that all the states in this communicating class must be transient. So, this is going to some other. So, but that is not like say the whole point is if at all you are going to from j you are going to come back i through some going to other class and other class that means with some positive probability in some finite n you are going to come back to this state. That means very i j is communicating with i. So, just what is the our definition of f i i sorry f i j f j i in this case this is the sum of f j i superscript n. So, if any term there is positive this term would have been positive, but then if this is 0 it must be the case that all the for all the term should be 0 in that case right. So, now what about close communicating class? So, fine open communication I just right away said that all the states there are transient what about close communication class. If I am going to say this is going to be a close communicating class everybody should be communicating with each other that is fine with within some finite time. And because of that is it required that they have to be either only positive recurrent or null recurrent anyway. So, what we have is it is not necessary that a close communication class if I look into generality like the arbitrary close communication class which could potentially have infinite many states in that then that could be any of the things transient positive recurrent or null recurrent I cannot in general. Where we said that S n equals to k plus summation x i i equals to 1 to n. And what was this i's i is such that it could take 1 and minus 1. So, what would we say about this communicating so this Markov chain. So, how many states it had? Accountably infinite and we said that is an irreducible. So, irreducible means we already kind of said that this is a communicating class one communicating class. So, one big communicating class right. So, if it is one big communicating class and is that going to be closed or open close right like just everybody is there in the same class. Now, what would we conclude each state there as what would we conclude? We said each state there is transient right. So, even though we could have a communicating class which is irreducible it could potentially have it could still be transient that we had an example. But it so happens that if we have a communicating class a closed communicating class which has only finitely many states in it then it is going to be going to be positive recurrent. So, finite see what we are saying is a set of states based on our communicating relation can be partitioned into many classes. One class may have finite number of states in it and it is a closed communicating class. That finite closed communicating class is such that each state in that class is going to be positive recurrent sorry positive yeah positive recurrent okay. How the proof of this? Okay, let us see we can decipher this proof. So, is this clear to you I am just saying that take any state in my communicating class and look at any step n. If you start from i the probability that you in the nth state remain in class C itself is going to be probability 1 that is that should happen right because this is a closed communicating class you are not going to escape from this. In any round it must be the class whatever you are going to start in that every n step you have to remain in the same C. So, this is same as saying that right you going from state i to j. So, I am looking at nth step this sum of this probability should be such that it should be equals to 1 it is just like rewriting this probability in this fashion. So, now look into this case now I am going to do is okay I started with some state i now what I am doing is now I am looking at another state in j only this is another state now I am going to look at this quantity here okay. So, what is this quantity it is just like I am looking at transition from i to j in different rounds and I am just taking average of this. So, I know that what I know about its limit as n goes to infinity if my state. So, if my state j is recurrent what I know about this where this this limit go. So, we had said right if it is I have said suppose my state j is recurrent we had a criteria to further distinguish whether it is going to be a positive recurrent and null recurrent. So, what is this limit is going to when it is a null recurrent it goes to 0. So, and what happens to this sum as n goes to 0 when my state j is transient. So, we said that that summation p if my state j is transient and if I start from initial state i let us say we had said that summation p i j script n what is that is going to be we say that that is finite right as n goes to infinity. So, if that is finite what happens if I take 1 by n if I divide it by n what happens to this this is going to 0. This is equals to 0 if c were transient or null recurrent right. So, if c is my communicating class is such that if the elements in that are either transient or null recurrent it must be the case that this limit happens right that is the property we have already shown. Now, this is true for any state in j right. So, if you state j you take any j if it if it is a transient or null recurrent this should happen. So, now what I will do is I will just add this over c this limit I am just adding both left hand limit both over j now and this is still going to remains 0 right the right hand also I am adding over all summation, but the summation contains only finitely many elements right. So, this is basically and this is going to be still 0 because this is a finite summation here that is just going to be 0. Now, what we are going to show that we are going to actually show by contradiction here if my elements the states in c are transient or null this has this quantity is supposed to be 0, but it is not actually the case the right hand side has turned out to be 0, but let us look into the quantity what this quantity is more about. So, let us look into this quantity at this point for each j I have a limit here can I interchange this limit and this finite summation here since this is a finite summation I am I can interchange right had it been c had been an infinite many state in this I may not so easily you have been able to interchange this, but now that I know that this c is finite I can blindly interchange this limit ok. Now, further these are two summations over a finite number of elements right this is c is finite and this is going from k to n I could easily again interchange this limits. Now, what is this quantity now? So, what is this quantity this is going from state i to state j in k steps and now I am summing it over all possible states. So, this is basically jumping from state i to another state within j in the kth step this is going to be 1 right because this is a communicating class close communicating class. So, this quantity is going to be 1 which we have already shown here. So, and this is 1 and this is what is this summation further is going to do this is going to be n and this is going to divide by n what is this quantity is going to be 1 and as limit this is going to be constant in this case right and what is this going to lead to you is. So, had it been any states here or either transient and null recurrent what we are ending up with is a contradiction here because 1 cannot be equal to 0 ok. See this is what like you have to be careful in interchanging the limit and the summation here. So, in this case we could interchange the limit because c is a finite, but had we blindly ignored it and even when c was infinitely many terms in this we have blindly ignored this that would have given us a result which was not at all consistent right ok. So, what we are saying is as if you just tell me my communicating class is closed I can tell you that it is going to be positive recurrent as long as this is finite if you tell me that I do not know it is finite it could be countably infinite my communicating class is countably infinite then any of the cases could be possible you need to prove me in that case what is that possibility. For example, we have said in this case we had a class where we had a communicating class with countably infinite things, but the states were all transient there.


Hello, welcome back to this side and this is continuation of 50 days SQL query challenges. So thanks for your support in the first video. I would request to you all can you please also support in this video as well. So please like this video, do subscribe our channel and share to others. It will always motivate me to record more and more videos. So let's start with today's video. So this is day 2 of 50 days SQL query challenges. So here we can see we have one of the input data and this table is having total 4 columns. First is the machine ID, second is the process ID, third is the activity type and fourth is the timestamp. In the output we just want to have only 2 columns. First will be your machine ID and second will be your average processing time. So the question is can you please write a query and for getting average processing time from input table that you can see here. So for getting the average processing time first here we can analyze about this table. So it is having the machine ID and let's focus on machine ID 0. So in machine ID 0 this machine was started twice. Here the start and end along with the process ID is indicating how many times this machine is started. So process ID 0 is indicating it was started the first time. Process ID 1 is indicating it is starting in second time. Here we can see the start time and end time. So we can simply do the subtract between end time to start time and then we can take the average on the machine ID for getting this output. So you can pause this video and you can think how we can write this SQL query and what will be the logic that we can apply for getting this output. So let's start. So here first what we can do we can create two columns on the basis of this activity type. First column will be your start time and second column will be your end time. So the start time we can simply check if the activity type is the start then whatever the time stamp for those will be your start time. In the end time if the activity type is end then whatever the time stamp value that will be your end time. So these two columns we can create. And after that we can take the max on this start time and end time those two columns that we have created on the basis of machine ID and the process ID. And then after we can simply do the subtract with end time to start time because end time and start time will be coming in a single line. So we can do the subtract and then we can take the average. So let's jump to SQL Server Management Studio where we will write the query for getting this output. So here I have written this script for saving our time so let's try to execute this query. So here table has created and it is also having the data. So we can verify so we can write the selected statement with this fact machine table. So let me execute this selected statement and it is having the same data that we have seen in the slide. Now next what we can do we can simply create two columns that we were talking about. So what we can create we can simply use the case statement. So for using the case statement we can simply write the case when your activity type if your activity type is start. So we can simply write start. If the activity type is start then whatever the timestamp value that will be your start time. So we can simply call this as start time. We can do the same thing for the end time. So we can copy this case statement and here this could be your end time. And here in the activity type that could be end. So if the activity type is end then whatever the time available in the timestamp that will go in the end time. So here we can also verify the same. So here we can see the activity type which is start. So timestamp whatever the timestamp is available that is coming as start time. Here the activity type is end. So here it is coming under the end time. Next what we can do we can simply take the max on the basis of the machine ID and the process ID. So by using these two columns we can simply take the max of the start time and end time. So it will be coming in a single row. So when the machine was started when the machine was end will be coming a single row. So here we can simply write the machine ID in the selected statement along with the process ID. And in the group by we can also do the group by on these two columns only. So let me try to execute for checking the output. So it is saying like you have specified these two columns in the group by but you have not used the aggregate function max yet on these two columns. So let me try to use the max function in these two columns that we have created for the start time and end time. Now let me try to execute and we will see the output. So here we can see we are having the same output in a single row for the start time and end time. Now let me put this into one of the CTE. So for that we can simply use with CTE name as and then whatever the query is there. Now here we can do your selected statement this CTE and here we can also see we can simply take the difference in start time with the end time. So whatever the difference is there first column in the output we want a machine ID. The second column we want to take the average. So how we can get we can simply do the end time minus start time. So what were the difference that we are getting? We can simply take the average of the difference that we are getting. So this will be your average processing time. And here we can simply use the group by on this machine ID. So we can simply use the machine ID here. Let me try to execute this query. So it should be going to get the same output that we are expecting. So I hope guys you have understood how we can achieve this output. So thank you so much for watching this video. Please like this video, subscribe our channel. See you in the next video with another very interesting interview question.


Hi, everyone. I'm Chipan Liu from Simon's Institute. Today I will be talking about the work on the feasibility of unclonable encryption and more This is a joint work with Prabangjan, Fatih, Xinjian, and Mark. The talk is about using quantum information to do something interesting about cryptography And perhaps the most fascinating phenomena about quantum information is the unclonability It says a piece of quantum information cannot be cloned into two identical copies This so-called no-cloning theorem leads to a new exciting area about quantum cryptography Which we call an unclonable cryptography Here instead of building and analyzing the security of classical scheme against quantum computers We are interested in what quantum computer can bring us There are a line of work leveraging unclonability including quantum key distribution and quantum mining Among those one major area is to make classical crypto system unclonable This security says there's no way to copy a key or copy an identity or even a cybertext This is a way of enhancing the classical security even further. For example, achieving everlasting security And just like one-time-pad is the most fundamental primitive to cryptography One-time-symmetric key unclonable encryption is the simplest yet most important primitive we should consider The question was first proposed by Gosman and studied by Broadband and Lord Broadband and Lord considered the following security notion Encryption of a random message is given to an adversary and this encryption is a quantum state The adversary attempts to produce two cypher texts and later on keys are revealed The adversary wins if and only if both copied cypher texts can be used to recover the original message Broadband and Lord show that it is Actually possible either in information theoretically secure way or in the random or in the quantum random oracle model However, this is not the optimum security as it does not rule out the possibility that Adversary recovers non trivial information about the message for example They can maybe they cannot both recover the whole message that they can learn the first bit of the message simultaneously and They identify the problem, but they cannot give any security proof even with stronger assumptions like oracles and In this word we show that in the random oracle model the optimum security can be achieved The out the optimum security is defined with the CPA style That is the chosen plain text a text style in this security game a pair of messages are chosen by the adversary encryption of One of the message M0 or M1 is given to an adversary and it attempts to produce two cypher texts and later on It also will get the keys and the adversary wins if and only if it knows which messages are encrypted Independently using the the encryption and also using the key The probability should be very close to half intuitively it says Regardless of what clone strategy is used several texts can only go one way That is either go the upper pass or lower pass and the other encryption will be completely junk and this is our Main serum in the work. We show that there exists an uncolonable encryption scheme in a quantum random oracle model with optimum security we just mentioned before and we also have other result the first result is to justify our The use of random oracle with we prove that uncolonable encryption Cannot both cannot simultaneously satisfied Being information theoretically secure and also being deterministic in other words you to achieve the optimum security You need either computational assumption or you need the scheme to be randomized And we also show applications to copy protection for point functions This is everything I want to talk about today Please come to our talk in crypto 2022. Thank you