Do you ever wonder what happens when the police leave crime scene cleaners are private companies that handle the cleanup after the police are gone Spalling decon is one of the nation's largest cleanup companies handling the aftermath of homicides suicides Decompositions hoarding and much more These are our stories Upon this house was the daughter and son of the owner Contacted us the mother and one of the sisters or the her daughter was living in this home The mother died and the daughter died as well They think the mother just died of natural causes probably from the environment and then the daughter probably committed suicide Right after that so both of their bodies were found in the home They weren't decomposed or anything. They were found like a day or two later So they the rest of the family saw the home and the condition that it was in And they didn't want anything to do with it. So they called me originally for a Cleanout quote and then we kind of negotiated a sale. So I purchased this property We closed on it last week and we are in the process of cleaning it out now I think it's gonna be about a two-week process to clean it out And then the rehab portion will start and the rehab on this house is gonna be substantial Oh my god This is one of my top ten worst houses in my 14 years and The weird thing about this house is that I bought it. So now it's my problem. This is the miserable home. I have done hoarding and storage units for years Probably five or six years This is the most horrendous thing I've ever seen Not including the dead animals that we're finding hence pet cemetery We are here at the Winterhaven property and we are doing a checkup on the status of the renovation and as you can see we've got a ton of raw wood here and The electricians are running all the wire the brand-new wire throughout the whole house We're upgrading it to a 200 amp panel. So follow me and I'll show you the progress So this is our new Master bathroom. So it's gonna be a walk-in shower here Nice tub here in the double vanity here with plenty of storage. This is a gigantic master bathroom I don't even think mine's this big. Then we got our new master bedroom My favorite thing so far about this renovation Is these brand new French doors if you remember this used to be windows There was block on the bottom and windows on the top. This is fantastic. Look how much light this brings in So I'm super excited about this because we're gonna make a really great outdoor area here for the future tenants to enjoy This is the kitchen it looks like not a lot of work's been done But actually it's a lot of work to run all this brand-new electrical wire through plaster walls So they had to make some cuts and stuff and if you remember we removed the soft bits that were above the the old cabinets here And then this is the site of progress right here, this is all of our new Stuff that's going in. We've got our tops. We've got our lights. I Don't know if you remember this bathroom But this is the bathroom that both humans and animals were pooping in the tub Right now it's been completely gutted So one of the bad things when you're totally rewiring a house that has plaster is that sometimes the old wiring is Tapped in so it's difficult to get out So if you can see we had to cut all of the plaster here to run the new wire Glenn Potter, Glenn's Florian remodeling Been doing this for about 16 years I love it Put a new set of fresh doors All the electrical on the outside of the house was ran due conduit on the outside of the house All that had to be removed and rewired They had a window unit on this side shoved with cat litter and cat boxes Full of roaches the whole wall is just live the broaches It was clean and was by far the worst The soil damage from the cats and the dogs on the wall Literally I've never seen anything eat the plaster off the wall like that.  They completely rusted the outlet right off the wall Every time you turn around there's something that's either damaged from cats or roaches. That's just beyond anything we've ever seen I mean this whole wall when we knock the holes in the wall was a lie with roaches that has started pouring out of the walls Same thing with the soft it's when we took down these soft bits all the insulation was filled with roaches No rats yet. I haven't seen any kind of rat crawfish The roaches have been in the kitchen that bathroom in here where all the soil damage was was just insane with roaches And I guess the other the worst thing is by far the electrical I guess other than cleaning the house out The electrical has been a nightmare All the walls are either poured solid with concrete or they have so much slag in them the electricians aren't able to pull the wires through There's not much attic space, so they're You know pretty much living in the attic as they're doing it. I mean there's this But other than that I mean it's once the electrical is done and the walls are apparently to be a pretty quick Process to bring it back to the way it should look. Yeah, you all can have the clean and I'd rather do this any day most definitely probably the Best customer I got so I'd rather do work for her than anybody else if that means anything Hopefully we can keep it going keep more houses coming. That's the plan. Yeah. Yeah, I think once we get past this the hurdle of the electric and the And the bugs then I think everything will move smoothly and hopefully we'll be on schedule Should be good So I came back here to our animal hoarder property here in winter Haven, Florida to check on the progress of all of our construction and The electricians are finally done. So I can start on the roof now The drywall mud is is in the process of drying We have such high humidity here in Florida that the Mud is taking forever to dry. So I brought an AC unit that's portable I brought some fans and I also brought a dehumidifier to hopefully accelerate that a little bit I had to make a design change in the master bathroom Just because I felt it looked a bit cluttered with the nice garden tub the walk-in shower and the double vanity So what I did is I 86 the garden tub and I I elected to go for a nice big walk-in shower With the the head up top and then the jet outside.   We have still so it's not cluttered as far Shit Yeah It's gonna be a really great experience for whoever rents this home because it's a it's gonna be a true master bathroom design With you know a double vanity and stuff. So I you know and we also had to save Money because they stopped making the doors the same size. So we had to go with oak instead of steel Just happen might just call me This one gets like these are the interiors are no problem. I already got so they were all supposed to be delivered And they delivered me three doors. I'm like, where's the rest of my doors and they taught me back today So that's So if that saved us 500 bucks by taking it out Taking the tub out of the master bathroom And then we just basically applied that five hundred dollars to the doors because the oak doors cost more than the steel ones And obviously we couldn't cut the steel ones to to fit the current doors because this house is pretty old Did you already strip the paneling Oh This is blue. Oh, it is blue.  Yeah, and I'll frame in this out with two bucks for I can recess the new panel Okay, so if all them panels gone, it's just gonna be the one. Oh my god So and the sheds on the same panel, right? Yes. Okay. Everything else All right, well, this is good then that's a try. Yeah, that's what we did I we tried pulling no one around the light right there.   Yeah, I hope not It don't matter This is what I gotta try this. It's got that same texture on it. I got sprayed. Yeah This room looks fantastic. Yeah, it smells better, too But you can see the dark spots in the mud still that's two or three days old Yeah, there's no reason you in the shit that's not the drywall month So I don't know what was sprayed on the wall I mean No, it's fine See, I'll spray that that go to dry the other coat right a big squeegee and I spray right right it'll be like brand new all It's it's happening in places. It's not even happening in places. That was staying So it's almost like I have an oil residue on it See, that's what I was I know You're With So overall it's super happy with the progress.  It is Do you remember what this was before? Not this holy smokes Roaches were coming out of every orifice of the top It looks fantastic Wow All our heaters inside the cabinet Easy access. Oh is it? Okay You got three doors on each side two cabinets. Very nice. This looks great, man That's a good size shower.  Okay, um because of What I I think because we're doing tile everywhere I'm not going to spend the extra $700 for the five inches of granite backsplash I want to run the granite to the wall. Yeah, that works for me. So that's how much it is Yeah, seven hard just for the backsplash. That's great. Let's cut that so I figure the island don't have a backsplash right Yeah, the you don't want a backsplash on the desk So what I was going to do is do 18 inches of tile on the desk wall. There you go. And then just continue it all over Okay That looks great It's cracking. It's just from the time of age Yeah, this whole roof got to be skinned. So it's already really got to be skinned. Yeah That's all of today's plan. Did they not start yesterday in the room? Oh, they did. No, they started today. Oh, they started today. She got good weather, man. Yeah, because A lot better than it was then. So this room with all the fans who have done it Sixth grade fan, let's see. It's all on Yeah Wow, I like the color Yeah, as you know, it's the same color of putting all of them Take up too much space fans in here already. Yep. The ceiling is down in here The wall they have to do some work on the walls Looks good This fan is faster You want to put the heat in here? No, it'll crack it. Oh, a little bit? Okay No, it really is. It's not thick.  You have to wait for that to dry and then the tub gets set in And then I gotta pour this two into the concrete. See how low it is. Oh, yeah And then I'll just I'm gonna use I might stand in this color or close to it before I paint the white over I'm just gonna whitewash it. Yeah, I'm gonna paint it white and then take a towel and just kind of wipe it off and make it look aged Okay, so a little bit of stress to look there. Yeah Okay, and then I'm gonna do the same I'm gonna do the same thing in this little hallway. I'm gonna put matching crown Okay, we're the head and we're gonna let go. Oh, yeah. Yeah. Yeah Okay I can't think of anything else Yeah, it looks great then. You think you'll be done before Thanksgiving? Okay, there's nothing Time to get a tenant in here. Maybe December 1st. Yeah, because I got nothing. There's nothing left So the materials between like the flooring Material and flooring went up 45 cents.  He's like, oh, yeah, it's $1.89 now. Like what did you already buy it?  Yeah. So we need quite a bit of it though. 1500 feet.  Um Yeah, this this tariff shift is really increasing our prices Just you ain't lying there. Well, I mean drywall. I was getting drywall for $7 a sheet when I bid this but not 11 Hey guys, I wanted to give you an update on the pet cemetery house. So we've had some setbacks um setbacks are usually expected when you're dealing with a um a rehab of this magnitude, but I'm a bit angry because um It was the contractor's fault. So what happened was the roofer Put on a new roof And pulled a permit for it. However he either neglected or Forgot or whatever to pull another permit for the detached shed area That was where all the christmas stuff was we were going to turn that into like an efficiency so um He got busted by the uh county And he got fined. Well when the county Came in to inspect the house They realized that the electrician also did not pull a permit when I had paid him to pull a permit So uh to say i'm furious is putting it mildly. Um, I paid these people Licensed contractors to do the right thing and they did not do it. So um I am not happy right now. So this all occurred in the beginning of november Today is january 5th And I still do not have any progress on my project because they put a stop order on the work So the rest of the trades are unable to finish Because of the neglect of those two. So um, they were fined. They were punished, but uh, Ultimately, I'm the one that gets punished the most because I have the holding cost involved In this house. So, uh, I'm going to give you a sneak peek of where we're at where we left off We've we've lost two months of productivity and we only have two weeks left For the interior rehab to be completed and Um The garage is going to take another couple weeks, but that is inconsequential to get somebody in here So I have come today for the first time since this happened in the beginning of um, november And uh, honestly to just take care of the yard and the shrubs and as you can imagine it was overgrown So i'm going to give you a little sneak peek of what's going on here and let me see if I can Turn the camera So you can see The permit Is here. Uh, that means no work can be done. So let me show you what we've got So this is the living room Um, it is not yet completely painted It's roughed out for the electric and of course I've got the appliances sitting there staged Um, but this is the beautiful kitchen Um, I don't know if you can remember In season No, this season. I think it was episode Part one of pet cemetery You can see kyle banging the counter the counter the cabinets to get it out and um Then glenn comes behind him with one pull and pulls the whole thing. Well, that was over there That's that area there. So what we did is we added uh, can lights as you can see All around two pendants. So this is going to be an island right here The refrigerator will go here granite countertops all around and then I added Um these pantry with pullouts and a little desk here. This will all be granite So you've got two pantries one on either side. So this is going to be Um, a really really beautiful kitchen. Um, I'm envious of it If you can remember from Part one, this is all they had for cabinets. So it was seriously lacking for storage Um, and what I did is I turned this room into the dining room added french doors And uh, we're in the process of mowing back there. You can see how high and we cut trees and The snake just jumped out on me and I kind of freaked out Even though it was a racer snake. It wasn't poisonous, but they freaked me out Okay, so this is the master bedroom It's been painted already. But what is lacking is the white wash on the ceiling And the air conditioning that's going in And this is the walk-in closet that is still not complete yet so We got a bit of work to do there I can't show you the master bathroom because the electricity is off and it's super super dark in there But I will show you the bedrooms I'm just so impressed with this kitchen. Okay, so I think you guys can remember this room because this is where Pablo and Pedro were supervising And um, Kyle I don't think he made it that day. So Pablo and Pedro were supervising this room now. It is basically Staging for the tile the toilet for the other bathroom um And this is the new tub for the second bathroom and of course the paint and then The lighting the door handles We had to replace every door in this place. So this room's been painted.  So Uh You know, this is not good And then This room Has been painted the ceiling fan has been installed And we just need some flooring in here and the air conditioner and say hi to ryan Ryan is mowing What a nice guy take time out of his weekend to help me Uh, get ahead of this project, uh, considering that we are super super far behind So I want to show you The flooring is not here. So I can't show you that yet. It hasn't been delivered But We're going to be redoing some landscaping here As you can see It needs quite a bit. Um, this hole is where the old Air conditioning unit was they call it a window unit. However, they put it right in the block So we're going to reblock that fix that and, uh, put some shutters And paint and the roof actually looks very nice Considering he screwed me There you go There you go. And then Um, I thought a great touch on this house would be In closing this garage and making it a two car garage. So let me show you that It's already Good to go So that is my update here on Um, January 4th. Uh, so again, I've lost two months of, uh, productivity. This house should have already been Well, let me put it this way. We were planning on being done before Thanksgiving so, um This is not good, not good at all, uh, to have these kind of setbacks It's one thing if I screwed up and, uh, maybe I didn't line up my contractors in time Or I didn't I didn't do something properly But when you hire licensed professionals, you expect them to do the right thing, especially when you're paying for it Um, everybody is asking me why I didn't just knock this house down and build it again, um Two reasons, uh, this house was built God, I think it was in the 40s or 50s It's solid work with plaster walls This is a super super solid house and, uh, it wouldn't have benefited me to do that And also this neighborhood is fantastic. I'm going to show you what is at the end of the street As you can see that is a giant lake So, uh, that is called Lake Lulu and, um, it's a very popular lake here in Winterhaven And, um, to have that at the end of the street This should be a fantastic, uh, rental for me if I if I continue to do that if it's going to go much longer I might have to sell this but I'd really like to keep it because I really love the house. Um, I think it's going to look amazing and, uh I know that I was Debbie Downer at the beginning because it was a very rough cleanup And, uh, it took a lot out of me emotionally But, uh, I think it's going to come around I am positive about it. Uh, and I am told that We are going to be able to get started hopefully in the next week or two To resume the rehab and it should only take us two weeks We're going to put like nine guys on it to get this done So stay tuned for the final reveal Thanks for hanging with me and, uh, as always let us know your thoughts on the rehab when it's done Thanks for watching season two. We hope you're enjoying it. Don't forget to like share and comment what you want to see more of If you're subscribed to our youtube channel, don't forget to ring the bell so that you're notified of new content every single thursday Thanks for watching


Today we're going to be talking about Democritus of Abdrah, but for the next couple of weeks in general we're going to be talking about what I call archetypes of Hellenistic philosophy. This is earlier philosophical figures whose influence resonates throughout the Hellenistic period in a way they become paradigms for the philosophical schools that we're going to discuss. So for example, the Stoics adopt Heraclitus of Ephesus as their sort of honorary proto-Stoic, and the Epicureans who defend an atomistic view are clearly influenced by Democritus. The influence of Socrates is the most widespread, and I'll discuss how that is, is influenced not only in the Stoics but also on skeptics, cynics, etc., we'll discuss that next time we meet. We'll also talk about some people, Diogenes of Sennob, the cynic, Aristotelus of Cyrene, who founded a school of hedonism quite a bit different than that of the Epicureans, and then of course Aristotle whose school was founded inspired by him in the Hellenistic age called the Lyceum or the Peripatos, and then Pyrrho of Elis and his influence on a form of radical skepticism called Peronian skepticism. So for the next two weeks, two or three, two weeks we will be going through these figures and talking about how they influence Hellenistic philosophy, and we'll mostly be doing so on the basis of reading chapters out of this obscure book by a guy named Diogenes Laertius about whom, other than the fact that he wrote this source book of biography and doxography about ancient philosophers, we know nothing. So we don't know that he looked anything like that, completely fanciful drawing of him in a later textbook. We have no idea what he looked like, where he came from, what his education was, what his own philosophical views were, nothing. Okay, and he's a very late writer, third century of the common era, you know, third century AD, so coming at the very end of what I've defined as the Hellenistic period. And he wrote this massive biography, it's in ten books, and each book is divided into about ten chapters, each of which deal with a different philosopher, and since most of the philosophical writings from ancient Greece have been lost, it turns out that we depend on Diogenes Laertius for a lot of what we know about these other philosophers. And unfortunately, he doesn't view philosophy the same way we do now, he thinks of it as a source of amusing anecdotes and tidbits and invective and comedy and things like that. So his entire purpose in putting this biography together is a lot different than, you know, trying to get to the bottom of the nature of the universe or of what one should do ethically and so forth. But we need him as a source for these earlier philosophers. And so in the supplementary readings, the next four readings are the chapters on these philosophers I take to be archetypes of Hellenistic philosophy in Diogenes Laertius.


Personal Finance PowerPoint Presentation, Archer M.S.A. Prepare to get financially fit by practicing personal finance. Insurance is part of our long-term risk mitigation strategy where we follow the adage of measure twice cut once put in a formal process in place, looking something like setting the goals, developing a plan to reach them, put the plan in action, review the results and repeat the process periodically. Most of this information can be found at Investopedia, Archer M.S.A., which you can find online. Take a look at the references, resources, continue, your research from there. This is by Michelle Scott, updated January 15th, 2022. In prior presentations, we've been talking about insurance in general, went to the medical insurance, went to the long-term care, and now we're talking about the Archer M.S.A. in conjunction with those topics. So what is an Archer M.S.A.? An Archer M.S.A. is a medical savings account, M.S.A., originally enacted in 1996, and named for former Texas congressman, Bill Archer, who sponsored the amendment that led to its establishment. As with more recent health savings account, that's the H.S.A., is the more recent idea or the more recent account you've probably been looking at, and we've talked about that in prior presentation. An Archer M.S.A. offered the account holder a tax-advantaged way to save for medical expenses. Congress opted to discontinue, so once again, Congress opted to discontinue the creation of new Archer M.S.A.s, so it's not something that you would expect coming from a new M.S.A. However, it's useful to understand for the history of how these kind of things have evolved, and if you have an existing Archer M.S.A.s, then it might still be applicable. So existing Archer M.S.A.s were allowed to continue, provided the owner continued to be eligible and the account was operated in accordance with legal requirements. Understanding the Archer M.S.A., Congress created the Archer M.S.A. specifically for self-employed individuals and for employees of small businesses with fewer than 50 employees, so it's geared towards the small businesses and self-employed individuals. Contributions to the account by the owner are tax deductible, contributions by an employer or by an employee through payroll deductions are excluded from the employee's income. So that's good. Again, you get the tax benefit. That's kind of the point of these types of things oftentimes to get that tax benefit making your, obviously your earnings and so forth go further if they're not subject to the tax. All contributions must be made in cash. Contributions to an Archer M.S.A. can be made by either the employee or the employer, but not by both in the same year. Earnings on contributed funds are not taxed and distributions from the account are tax-free. Provided funds are used to pay for qualified medical expenses. Account holders incur tax and penalties if they withdraw funds for non-qualified uses. An Archer M.S.A. must be accompanied by a high deductible health plan. So you got that same kind of relationship. We got that high deductible health plan, which is the plan that typically is gonna be the cheaper plan with a higher deductible and that higher deductible. Often what you would think lead lawmakers to want to try to give incentives to still be able to do the kind of normal maintenance kind of stuff, the preventative type of stuff, which might be an incentive that led towards some of these other ideas for people with that specific kind of plan. So obviously then, as we've seen in the past, we need to think about what kind of plan we have, what qualifies then for a high deductible type of plan and then what other kind of tax benefits might be there with relation to it. So the funds help the owner pay for expenses prior to reaching the plan's deductible as well as co-pays required by the plan and fees for qualified expenses that the plan does not cover. History of the Archer M.S.A. So again, it's nice to kind of look back and say, okay, how did this stuff develop? So we get a feel for what is happening and the reasons for it, which can give us a better understanding of how we can act in the current environment. So the Archer M.S.A. was a pilot program that its promoters believed would help limit the overuse of healthcare services. They hoped that it would make employees aware of the actual costs of healthcare services through high deductible plans and the use of their own medical savings accounts to pay for healthcare. So we've been talking about healthcare in general. So again, it's interesting to look at the healthcare sector because obviously there's a lot of political play in there and a lot of rules and regulations with it. And one of the things that we wanna keep in mind from in terms of both our decisions within the current environment we're in for our health decisions as well as kind of just our political decisions in terms of voting and whatnot, what should we be doing about this situation? Is there some give and take between the idea that you're gonna make the health insurance have market conditions because we would like to have the market conditions for health insurance because that drives health insurance typically to give the best benefits they can because of competition in the market and also to try to advance. So our advancements and things like our ability to make things like vaccines and other kinds of drugs and stuff is actually driven by the market. But of course on the downside of things we don't want people to be locked out or stuck out of the market because they can't afford things like the medical insurance and the medical care and therefore that would lead from a political perspective or us from a political decision-making process to try to say, well, how could we get everybody covered under the health insurance but not get to the point where we're gonna make it completely run by the government because that could lead to inefficiencies in the market because now you don't have the market forces which usually leads to a deterioration possibly over time of the quality of the health care or at least not an advancement as high a level of advancement as you might see if you had kind of a market-based type of system. When you put the insurance in place, of course, what happens is if you say you're insured and basically all these things are covered what happens is people look for more health care because now you've made the health care free. So if everything is covered, if you say all of your preventative stuff is covered, if you pay the insurance, then of course the incentive will be to try to maximize all of the care that you think that you could get under that coverage which if that gets out of control, it might be care that you don't actually need. You could go over the top on the preventative care possibly. So that's the balance and part of the debate that goes back and forth. So when it's unclear whether or not this program motivated more careful health care spending, its impact was limited because participants was restricted to this self-employed and employees of small businesses. Health savings accounts, HSAs were introduced in 2003 and ended up replacing the Archer MSA. So once again, we talked about the HSAs in the past. So this gives us kind of an idea of what was in there before the HSAs, an idea of why they were in there before the HSAs. And then again, if you have some existing HSAs that were in place, they might still be applicable. And then if you talk to someone that's talking about an MSA, an Archer MSA, you can get an idea about what they're talking about. While HSA participants can use their accounts as soon as the HSAs are established, they also can continue to benefit from their accounts in retirement. Although individuals can no longer contribute to Archer MSAs and HSAs once they enroll in Medicare. So Medicare being if you have your own insurance, remember these were kind of tied to that high deductible plan, which would be like the cheaper plan. Typically that's why they have this other benefit that's kind of tied to it. Obviously if you then qualify for the Medicare, you can kind of think of it as the Medicare is kind of replacing that standard type of insurance. You might have other options in that, but that would be the general kind of thought at that point. So although individuals can no longer contribute to Archer MSAs and HSAs once they enroll in Medicare, they can continue to receive tax-free distributions to pay for qualified medical expenses. Individuals aged 65 and older can also use distributions for any other purpose and will incur income tax on the amount, but no penalty. So again, if you're pulling money out, the problem with these accounts is that when you put the money in it, you're doing so to get a tax benefit, which is great. But now you got this money under this umbrella that you can't take out unless you're using it for specific purposes. And so if you take the money out and you use it for the specific purposes, you might not have to pay income tax or penalties, which would be great. If you pulled the money out and you didn't use it for the proper purpose, you might have a penalty and have to pay tax, which would not be good. And if you pulled it out possibly under certain conditions and you didn't use it in this case, individuals aged 65 and older can also use distributions for any other purpose will incur income tax on the income, but no penalty, which is still not bad because that's similar to kind of like a traditional IRA or a 401K plan, meaning you got the benefit when you put the money into it. If you get any earnings on it, while it's in that umbrella, if you don't have to pay taxes on the earnings, that would be great. And even if you're paying taxes when you pulled it out, then you got this deferral that happened during that timeframe, which that's good. So thus savings in an HSA can be valuable in retirement. HSA versus the MSA, both HSAs and the remaining Archer MSAs are tax benefit saving accounts that are meant to be used for medical expenses and that must be paired with a HDHP, that's the high deductible plan. There are however, some differences. The Archer MSA was available only to self-employed people and small businesses with 50 or fewer workers no new Archer MSAs can be established. By contrast, the HSA can be offered to employees by businesses of any size and can be created by both a self-employed and unemployed individual, which is nice because it'd be nice to get a benefit that's not tied specifically to like your work. If you don't have that, you'd still think it'd be nice to get a benefit if these are beneficial tools. HSAs may receive funding from both an employer and employee in any year rather than being limited to contributions solely from one or the other. Basically, HSAs took the Archer MSA model and expanded it. So when you're thinking about the Archer MSA, again, unless you have one that you have been putting into before and you're looking at the current thing, you're gonna say, okay, they basically have the HSAs that kind of expanded the Archer MSA model. So you would be typically comparing and contrasting at this point in time, the HSAs typically. So it should be noted that Archer MSAs and HSAs differ with respect to the requirements for HDHP deductibles and out-of-pocket expenses as well as the ceiling on contributions. The HSA requirements generally are more beneficial for the insured. For an Archer MSA in 2022, the associated HDHP must have a maximum deductible of 3,650 for an individual and a maximum of 7,300 for a family. So now, obviously we gotta get into well, what is a high deductible plan that would qualify for the contributions to an HSA or an MSA? And so then we've talked about those more in prior presentations with relation to the HSA. For an HSA, the minimum HDHP deductible for 2022 is $1,400 for an individual and 2,800 for a family. The maximum in 2022 is $7,050 for an individual and $14,100 for a family. This HSA maximum deductible for the HDHP, the high deductible plan, is lower than the Archer MSA minimum and thus more beneficial to the insured. The maximum annual contribution to an Archer MSA is 75% of the HDHPs, that's the high deductible plan, deductible amount for a family plan and 65% of the amount for an individual plan. The HSA contribution limits are more generous and are set as specific amounts adjusted regularly for inflation. For 2022, the HSA contribution limits are $3,650 for an individual and $7,300 for a family. Individuals age 55 and older can contribute to an additional catch up amount of $1,000 to an HSA in 2022. However, an Archer MSA does not allow such catch up contributions. So individuals who own Archer MSAs might find it advantageous to roll their accounts over into an HSAs to benefit for more generous HSA rules. However, in considering such a switch, the difference between the terms of the insured Archer MSA and the proposed HSA in particular, the ceiling on Archer MSA deductibles and the absence of any limits on HSA deductibles should be evaluated.


Hello, I'm Peter Dixon from Iowa State University, and I'm going to be explaining our results on perfect zero knowledge. So perfect zero knowledge is an interactive problem. There's a prover and a probabilistic polynomial time verifier, and the prover is trying to get the verifier to accept the input. It's got the standard interactive conditions. The prover can't trick the verifier into accepting, at least not very often. And the prover can usually convince the verifier to accept when it's supposed to accept. And then it also has this zero knowledge condition. There's a simulator that can mimic the interaction between the prover and the verifier on yes instances. The idea is that the verifier can't tell the verifier any new information in a sense. And it's perfect zero knowledge because we require this to exactly match the distribution compared to szk statistical zero knowledge where the simulator has to be really, really close but doesn't have to be exactly the same. And we're also going to talk about the non-interactive version of perfect zero knowledge where the prover gets to send a single message to the verifier, and that's it. So how do perfect zero knowledge and non-interactive perfect zero knowledge fit into other complexity classes? Obviously, NIVZK is in PZK, which is in SBP because you just relax the simulator simulation condition. SZK is known to be in AM and also CoAM because it's closed under complement. PZK was recently shown to be in PP, but there's an oracle separation between SZK and PP. So our question is, can we get a tighter bound? Can we put NIPZK or even PZK into something below these two? So first we need some class below these two. So we're going to look at SBP, Small Bounded Error Probability. This is kind of halfway in between BPP and PP. BPP requires a two-thirds chance of accepting yes instances and a one-third chance of accepting no instances. Here we've relaxed that to some exponential number, but it's different from PP because we need a constant ratio between these two, whereas PP you could like have one-half plus epsilon, one-half minus epsilon. Here you need this like two-to-one ratio. So SBP contains MA. You can just guess the witness and then check it because it's a randomized class. And it's contained in AM using the LARGENESS protocol. You ask, is the set of random strings at least this big or at most this big? And obviously it's contained in PP because you just relaxed the two-to-one ratio part. And what we managed to prove is that NIPZK is contained in co-SBP, improving the upper bound on NIPZK to AM intersect co-SBP. We proved this by looking at the complete problem for NIPZK given in Liora Malka's 2008 paper. He defined this problem called uniform, where you get a distribution and quick aside, when I say distribution, I mean a circuit that given a random input, like if the input is uniformly distributed, the circuit output matches this distribution. So I'm going to use the distribution in the circuit pretty much interchangeably. So in uniform, you're given a distribution on N plus one bit strings and you need to accept if the first N bits are uniform, like if you kind of cover up the last bit, you would get the uniform distribution. Also the last bit is one at least two-thirds of the time. So if both these conditions hold, you have to accept. If the support of the distribution has at most two to the N over three strings ending in one, so it's small, you have to reject. And it's important to keep in mind that this doesn't say anything about the probability of getting a string ending in one. You could get a string that ends in one every single time, as long as it's not that many different strings. And we showed that you can do this problem in co-SBP. So we need to accept with some tiny probability if this set is small, and we need to accept with really tiny probability if the first N bits are uniform and the last bit is usually one. Our algorithm to do this, first we take two samples, we compare the first N bits. If they match exactly, it's probably not uniform, because the uniform distribution has the lowest collision chance, so we'll accept. Otherwise we'll take this many more samples. If every single one of them ends in a zero, it's probably not usually one on the last bit, so we'll accept. If both these tests fail, we reject. And so here's the technical result that shows why this works. If there's very few strings ending in one, we get this relationship between the probability of getting a string ending in one and the distance on the first N bits from uniform. You get this trade-off. If you're more likely to get a string that ends in one, you're further from uniform, which means basically one of these tests is likely to succeed, and so the proof is pretty straightforward. Here's the statistical distance from uniform. That's at least, we'll ignore things that don't end in one. The chance, basically the statistical distance is the set with the largest distance, so it's at least when we take that set to be the set of strings ending in one, and over here we know that this probability is at least one-third plus X. We know that it's bigger than this because this is the most size of T over 2 to the N, which is at most one-third, so we've got one-third plus X minus one-third, which is X. Alright, so if the support has at most 2 to the N over 3 strings that end in one, we know that it's at least one-sixth from unicorn, from uniform, or the chance that it ends in one is at most half. That's if you just put one-sixth in for X here, one-half or one-sixth. If it's at least one-sixth from uniform, a standard collision probability result is that the collision chance is at least this. On the other hand, if the chance of getting a zero is at most half, the chance of getting all zeros is at least half, so the chance of getting zero is at least half, so the chance of getting all zeros is at least six over five times 2 to the N. That's why I picked this number. So on a yes instance, our accept probability is at least six over five times 2 to the N. Now we'll look at no instances. We know the first N bits are uniform and the last bit is one pretty often. So the chance that we get a collision on the first N bits is one over 2 to the N, because they're uniform. The chance of the last bit being all zeros is at most one-third to this power, which for big enough N is bounded by this. So our chance of accepting a no instance is at most 11 over 10 times 2 to the N, this plus this. And so the ratio between the two is 12 over 11, which is a constant, so we have an SBP algorithm for uniform. So NIPZK is contained in co-SBP. So can we push this any further? Can we get PZK in co-SBP? Or could we get NIPZK in SBP? And we give oracle results that show that this problem is too hard for me. Though one of the reviewers pointed out that this was actually, you can actually derive this from Scott Aronson paper based on the permutation testing problem, not being in SBQP, the quantum version of SBP. So that's actually even stronger than what we showed here. So here's an image show that summarizes our results. The solid lines are contained into the dashed lines or relativized separations. The red stuff is consequences of our results. Here's our containment result. Here's our separation result. And then all of these other separations fall out. So our first oracle separation, this is the one that was obsolete by permutation testing, preemptively obsolete I should say, we showed that this problem, uniform or small, is not an SBP. We show that if, so the problem is we've got a distribution, we need to accept it if it's the uniform distribution and reject it if it has a small support. It's the simplified version of the complete problem for NIPZK. It's still an NIPZK, but it's not an SBP relative to an oracle, so we get this oracle separation. For the other one, we look at this problem disjoint or identical. We have two distributions. If they have completely disjoint supports, we need to accept. If they have completely identical supports, we need to reject. You can think of this as a version of graph non-isomorphism. If you take the graphs and randomly permute them, you get two distributions on graphs. If the graphs are non-isomorphic, then there's no overlapping permutations, so you get disjoint distributions. If the graphs are isomorphic, the distributions will be exactly the same. This problem is in co-PCK for the same reason that graph non-isomorphism is, because graph isomorphism has a PZK protocol, but it's not in SBP. We have that co-PCK is not an SBP, which shows PZK is not in co-SPP relative to the oracle. At a high level, what we do is we show that you can't solve these problems in SBP with strictly sampling techniques. With a polynomial number of samples, you can't get that two to one probability ratio. Then we use the oracle to hide all of the things you can do that aren't sampling. We use the same circuit for every instance of the problem. The algorithm can't learn anything from the circuit. We randomize which instances we use so that the algorithm can't cheat. Then we do some diagonalization to make one oracle that beats every algorithm instead of one oracle that beats one algorithm. I'm going to talk about how we hide all the information, and then I'm going to talk about why the sampling doesn't work. We'll take an ordered multi-set of strings, and we're going to make our oracle query the set. It'll return one if the i-th bit of the j-th string in the set is one, and it'll return zero if the i-th bit of the j-th string is zero. We're going to build a circuit that gets x and outputs the x-th string in s by just making n queries to the oracle and outputting the bits of the x-th string. Using this, we can make one circuit that we can plug different oracles into and get completely different problem instances. The algorithm can't rely on looking at the circuit for any information. We also have to deal with the algorithm kind of cheating, like if we use a fixed oracle. Let's say the oracle has the first string being all ones, and let's say we're doing disjoint or identical. If the algorithm kind of knows which things to query beforehand, it could just use those and it'll beat that oracle. It would be a terrible algorithm for general purposes because most instances this doesn't work, but it could beat this instance. To guarantee that, well, to make the proof go through, we randomize which instance we pick and show that over a randomly chosen instance, the algorithm has a bad accept to reject ratio, so there has to be at least one instance where the algorithm has a bad accept to reject ratio. The algorithm is basically stuck with random sampling at this point. Why random sampling doesn't work, we'll be talking about disjoint or identical here, but it's a similar proof for uniform or small. We've got a set of samples, and we have to use the samples as the basis for our decision to accept or reject. Of course, if we have a collision, if there's any overlap between the sample sets, we know that the distributions are identical, we can just reject, but if there's no overlap, the samples are only slightly more likely to come from disjoint distributions. A little bit more precisely, we set it up so that there's a yes instance and a no instance where conditioned on getting disjoint samples from the no instance, you have the exact same chance of getting any sample set from the yes and no instances. So let's pretend for now that the chance of getting a collision is 1 over 2 to the n, and that the algorithm's behavior on any disjoint sample set is just to reject half the time except half the time. And we'll see once we get to the end that it doesn't matter what the algorithm does, even if it looks at the sample sets, all that matters is what this chance is, and that this chance has to be like a constant to get SPP behavior. Alright, so the chance of accepting the no instance is the chance of getting a part, like we'll sum over all of the sample sets, what's the chance that we get the sample set, what's the chance that we accept the sample set. We're assuming for now, well, okay, so we break it into disjoint and not disjoint cases. If they're disjoint, this is one half. If they're not disjoint, we always reject, so it's zero. So this kind of disappears, but the chance of getting S1, S2 from the no instance, because this conditional probability thing is the chance of no collision times the chance of getting it from the yes instance. So we can replace get S1, S2 from no instance with get S1, S2 from yes instance times chance of no collision. We can pull this out, and then probability of getting S1, S2 from the yes instance times one half is the probability of accepting the yes instance. And that's why this one half kind of disappears. So the chance of accepting the no instance is the chance of accepting the yes instance times the chance of not getting a collision. So to get SPP, we need a constant ratio between these two. So this has to be one minus a constant. And it's not so there's no sampling based SPP algorithm for this problem. So I already kind of mentioned, but it's a pretty similar argument to show that uniform or small is not an SPP. Again you get like a sampling based algorithm, can't distinguish if the support size is small. And then we also get the following corollaries that PZK is not equal to NIPZK relative to some oracle. That's because this is in co-SVP and this is not relative to an oracle. And you get that NIPZK is not in co-PZK relative to an oracle. You can also use these results to give an alternate proof that NIPZK and PZK aren't closed under complement. This was shown in this paper. And you can also use it for an alternate proof that SPP is not closed under complement which was shown here. And that's all I got. Thank you.


This is stock number 8375A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used light-duty truck and RAM headquarters. Today we are checking out this like new 2018 RAM 1500 crew cab short box eco diesel. From this HD video you will be able to tell that this truck is extremely clean all the way around and like new all the way around. Bright white is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device turn them on right now because it is like you're right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to check out the vehicle before actually seeing it in person. Very clean down this side comes with the 20 inch factory alloy rims with the chrome covers and the Goodyear Wrangler SRA 27560R20 tires which is about all the tread left. This truck only has 62 miles on it so you can be rest assured that it is like new all the way around but we still do the videos because you want to make sure that the truck is everything we say and we want to make sure that you know that truck is everything that we say. So we feel that the videos do that very well. Passenger side rim those scuffs or scrapes on that and as you go down this side the truck just very very clean. No dents, no dings, no scuffs, no scrapes. This truck is literally like new only 62 miles bright white nice color. Real clean down this side frame and underbody is like new as well. All the rockers are in excellent shape back rims absolutely perfect and the back tires are like new as well. It has the plastic wheel well liners as we come around to the back of the vehicle. No dense dings on the back here has the backup parking sensors full towing package which includes receiver H4 pin and 7 pin wiring. The tailgate is in the excellent shape no denser dings on that. Has a backup camera and locking tailgate has the LED bed lighting and the bed has never been used. As you go down this side the truck just as clean as that passenger side no denser dings on the box and for full disclosure this back rim absolutely perfect as well. Has the heated power fold in mirrors with the built-in directional signals. They do power fold in with this button right here and they also power fold out. Power windows power locks power mirrors auto headlamps. Inside the big horn package gives you the gray cloth interior there are no rips there are no tears on the seats. Power driver seat with lumbar factory floor mats throughout and as we hop inside the truck here you can see indeed this one does have only 62 miles outside temperature and compass display comes with the leather wrap steering wheel. Cruise controls and gear selector on the right. Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and they all have audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. Comes with the turn dial 8 speed automatic transmission push button four-wheel drive with the four-wheel drive auto. Has the 8.4 touchscreen radio this is the 4C radio so you get Android Auto and Apple CarPlay capabilities along with AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. You can do your backup camera from here as well and you can do your climate and everything too.  Comes with the power slide and rear window the map lights your homelink system for your garage door security systems and lighting and then it has assistant SOS buttons in the mirror those are features of the vehicle you never have to pay a subscription for. We'll take a quick look at the back seats and then check out under the hood back seats are like new as well I don't think they've ever been sat in as a latch child safety system the power slide and rear window and it has the load floor which you put down like so.  Storage underneath there and then it has two in-floor storage bins with removable container so you can put ice and drinks in there and then dump them out for easy cleaning when you're all done and it's like you have too many coolers wherever you go or you can put all your junk in there and keeps it out of sight out of mind. Personally like to thank you for checking out the video today hopefully from this HD video you will have been confirmed that the truck is like new all the way around inside out under the hood we have the three liter eco diesel engine base very clean runs very smooth this truck only has 62 miles on it and is 100% ready to go and to see more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 million used cars trucks SCVs minivans Wranglers halftones recorder tons one tons you name it we got to go to our website www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto remember to like subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there in fact in a second you will see a link to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left a link to more half ton truck videos like this one on your right if you have not been to our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping with this super clean 2018 ram 1500 crew cab short box big horn eco diesel thanks again


Now, from our progressive congressman, Chairman, Chief John Uhtige Oyegun has expressed his spiritual belief that God will bring a leader who will understand Nigeria's needs and desires. He emphasized that a corrupt and bad country cannot yield positive results and also called for a better leader to think and also reposition the country in a positive light. This statement was made through an inauguration of the new agenda, ENA. Leadership assumes office. At the end of that period, has the country moved forward or has it moved backwards? Well, that's just the judgment. If he has not left the country better than when he took it over, then there's failure. I mean, there's no question about that. I've gone spiritual about Nigeria, that God someday will raise up for us a leader who knows what he wants to do with the country. Because when you're in a society that is so intensively corrupt, something that is rotten, you can't get purity from it. Dr. Frank Zelle, the president of the new agenda, ENA argues that politics often prioritizes personal interests and political parties over the interests of the people elected into office, promoting good governance and overall development in those states. We began to talk to ourselves and look for a way to talk to people of like-mindedness. How we can come out of ourselves, out of our parties, to embrace a course that is higher than us and the party, which is about how to help the people, how to bring development, how to bring technology, and how to make our country and our state a better place. It doesn't even need to have the whole, I mean, the whole money, the whole world before you can, you know, come into governance. We should be able to identify somebody, you know, that actually has the mind of the people that can work actively to, you know, to project the interests of the masses of those two people, to go into government. So that it's not somebody after going into government, after I spent my money in buying the people and the others. So we have, we know we have a lot to do in terms of educating a leader in the future. If into the future, we have got any development. And that is why I notice that I can't...


Alright, exam's really hard or can I just wing it? No, you cannot wing it whatsoever. No, no, and going in stress to the exam really doesn't work. It doesn't end well. Yeah, I wouldn't wing them, I don't know, you can try. Most of them I found are content exams and you have to study really hard.  We just look over your content. Yeah, I would not recommend winging it at all. Not everything's multiple choice, sometimes you have to actually know the answer.  I'm kidding.


Captive insurance is an alternative to self-insurance in which a parent group or groups create a licensed insurance company to provide coverage for itself. The main purpose of doing so is to avoid using traditional commercial insurance companies, which have volatile pricing, and may not meet the specific needs of the company. By creating their own insurance company, the parent company can reduce their costs, ensure difficult risks, have direct access to reinsurance markets, and increase cash flow. One when a company creates a captive they are indirectly able to evaluate the risks of subsidiaries, write policies, set premiums and ultimately either return unused funds in the form of profits, or invest them for future claim payouts.To captive insurance companies sometimes ensure the risks of the group's customers. This is an alternative form of risk management that is becoming a more practical and popular means according to whom. Through which companies can protect themselves financially while having more control over how they are insured.Citation needed. There are many variations of how captives can be set up, which can be broken into two categories. The first category is known as non-sponsored in which the company is the creator and beneficiary. Within that category the most common are single parent or peer group and association. The second category is sponsored in which the captive has own and control by another company that allows other companies to rent insurance. This category includes protected cell captive insurers and rental captives.


Fitness enthusiasts, flow state seekers, bio-hackers, and more are constantly looking for new tools to help them calculate and analyze their metrics. Now a new smartphone app seeks to not only use this data to gauge biological aging, but also possibly help slow down or even reverse it. The app, called Humanity, aims to help users make optimal lifestyle choices that could impact their health and longevity. Once registered on the app, users enter basic information such as age, weight, and height. The app can connect to phone sensors and wearables to track a variety of biomarkers, such as heart rate, walking distance, and sleep quality. Based on this information, users are given a Humanity score, or H score, in four different categories – movement, mind, recovery, and nutrition. The app will then make suggestions, and over time, users may see their H score slowed or reversed. Founders Michael Gere and Pete Ward have been developing the app for over two years and have raised $5 million in funding from investors. According to Ward, we saw a major issue with most health and longevity apps – that even once you might get a good reading of your biological age, you were left on your own to figure out how to change it, so we set out to make that the main focus of Humanity. Much like a traffic navigation app advises you on where to turn to get to your destination faster, Humanity uses similar data techniques to guide you to better health and longer health span faster. The founders say that Humanity doesn't simply adjust users' biological ages because they exercised, for example, instead it compares that information against data drawn from a scientific database. As for privacy and security, the creators say that the app stores as much information locally on your phone as it can and runs its algorithms as much as possible on your device. The company says that any data that does go to its servers is encrypted during transmission in storage and that it keeps its data private. Humanity is now available on the iPhone app store in the United Kingdom and a global launch is planned for September and Android version is also being developed. There is a free version available, but if you want the added features that enable continuous monitoring of your health data, you will need to choose the premium subscription service, which costs around 30 British pounds a year in the UK version, which is around 41 US dollars. Premium users will be able to watch their biomarkers and discover how their actions change their biological ages, but not so fast. Humanity is currently rolling out full access to the app on an invite-only basis. To gain admission to the closed beta, you can request access on their website at humanity.health. We'll be back with more updates on the business and science of longevity on the next episode of Lifespan News. So make sure to subscribe and we'll see you in the next one.


It's common to see many birds migrating to warmer locations in the fall, but what about the birds that stay in Wyoming year-round? How do they survive such cold temperatures and decreases in food sources like plants and insects? These birds depend on high-fat and protein-packed meals to survive. Storing caches of seeds, growing more feathers, building up fat reserves, shivering, dropping body temperatures, and slowing metabolic processes are all ways birds adapt to our freezing weather. Features you may see in winter months include common redpolls, which bulk up their feathers, store seeds in specialized mouth pouches, and even tunnel in the snow to survive. Seed eaters like the House Finch, Dark-Eyed Junko, White-Brested Nut Hatch, and Cedar Waxwing, and even American robins thought to be indicators of spring may stay all winter long, feeding on lingering fruits from juniper berries and choke cherries. Simple ways we can help our feathered friends survive are putting out feeders to supplement their natural diets. To find out more information, check with Audubon Rockies. So next time you glance out your window this winter and the landscape looks devoid of life, look closer, and you may just see some of these little birds working to survive our harsh conditions. From the University of Wyoming Extension, I'm Rachel Miller, Exploring the Nature of Wyoming.


The sweet smell of life support, presented by Science at NASA. When NASA astronaut Shell Lindgren blasted off from Kazakhstan in July of 2015 for his first expedition aboard the International Space Station, he had some lofty expectations. I was eager to see Earth from space, and I couldn't wait to float in microgravity. And he confessed. I kind of expected the International Space Station to smell like a locker room. After all, what would you expect? It's an airtight spaceship continuously occupied 24-7, 365 days a year, by as many as half a dozen hard-working and exercising astronauts. Lindgren was in for a surprise, however. The air in the space station actually smelled great. The filters and the life support system do a great job cleaning the air. There were no issues at all. First contact with the space station's clean air reminded Lindgren a flight surgeon of the impressive technology underlying the station's life support system. On the International Space Station, we're testing technologies that will allow us to live comfortably during long journeys into the solar system. Our life support systems provide a properly pressurized atmosphere with the right amount of oxygen. It scrubs carbon dioxide from the air. It keeps the temperature in a comfortable range and provides fresh water and light and everything that we need for good hygiene. Hence the sweet smell of the air. While I was on the International Space Station, I felt a lot like a bridge builder, helping to pave humanity's path to Mars. As mission planners look toward the Red Planet, we are definitely evolving from the lessons learned on ISS, says Molly Anderson, a principal technologist at NASA. We want to increase the level of recycling wastes beyond what we do on the station now. Our ISS water system can recycle about 93% of the wastewater back to clean water. The leftover fluid is referred to as brine, and we're flying a demonstration technology on station soon that will recover most of that water too. On the station, if all the systems are working, we can recycle a little less than 50% of the carbon dioxide back into oxygen. We're trying to get that number much higher to at least 75% and even up near 100% she continues. While the space station still relies on cargo vessels to bring fresh supplies and equipment, improved life support systems can help reduce those needs, leaving more room for science and science equipment going to the station. Plus, Earth won't be able to help on missions that leave Earth orbit. Hundreds of millions of miles from Earth, no one will be able to bring us fresh water or replace malfunctioning systems. We will be on our own, just us and the life support system. That's why it is crucial for life support development to proceed aboard the station, an excellent test bed for future deep spaceflight. For more from the International Space Station, go to www.nasa.gov. For more news about the sweet smell of spaceships and the systems that support them, stay tuned to science.nasa.gov.


At one point in time he was the smartest child in all of China, but now he's grown up, he refuses to work, and he's still living off his parents. What's going on here?  We're talking about Zhang Xingyang, Andrew, he's 28 years old now, but this guy was deemed a Chinese prodigy at the age of 2.5 because he could read 2,000 Chinese characters. That's a lot of characters. And then he went to college at 10, Andrew, when he'd get his PhD at 16, or he became a PhD student. But then when he was 16, Andrew, he started to show some cracks. It took him about eight years to get his doctorates and now he's 28, he doesn't want to work, he wants to live off his parents, and he's given a bunch of interviews about it. It's going viral all around Asia right now. Yeah, I guess we're going to go through the comment section. We're going to be breaking down this issue.  Please hit that like button. Check out other episodes of the hot pop boys. But I can tell you what's also a prodigy that's very young. Isma la sauce. I'm just kidding. It's very delicious, but a lot of people are trying it right now. They're getting theirs in the mail and get, order yours and get it in time for the holidays. Andrew, what happened to Zhang Xingyang, man? Let's take a look at him when he's a child here. He's smiling. He like, he looks normal. He's a cute kid. And then he was such a cute kid. Yo, I'm not going to lie. First of all, I'm not saying that this is true, Andrew, but how come it looks like all the math that he studied, it looks like he was doing math instead of physically. They don't have math over there, but I'm just saying what was what's going on? Yeah, yeah, it wasn't. It clearly wasn't substances because that would never get passed in China. But I think he looks quite uncute compared to his kid pictures. I think he grew up diet, probably spending time in front of the computer, probably long hours, a lot of stress, a lot of pressure. Think about it.  You got a lot of pressure on you. He has not lived a normal life. So unfortunately, yeah, I mean, he probably should have got braces along the way. But anyways, guys, regardless of his physical features, right? We can tell you that as a kid, he looked a lot more regular. But anyways, I guess what's your initial reaction, David? I mean, I think it's 2023. The idea of child prodigies or even child sports prodigies petering out and not achieving their potential. Andrew, this is well documented. It happens all the time with athletics and in academics. But then it's interesting because some people almost go too far the other way where they're like, yeah, everybody who's a child prodigy fails because they feel so entitled where I'm like, I don't know, guys. Elon Musk was also a child prodigy. Yeah.  They got this rocket ship upward explosion power that very few people have. But the rocket ships, they either explode or do they go to the moon? Yeah, no. And there was this one interview I was watching of a Chinese professor that was talking about him. And he said, you know, he has a strong ability to learn independently, but a poor ability to live independently. And I think that living and learning, especially learning in an academic sense, is very different than living on your own. You know, we're talking about real life practicality. There's a lot of people out there who can live a happier life than him, who probably can't number crunch, even one tenth as good as him. You know what I mean? I think that that's a common thing. Like everybody knows that Albert Einstein, who was incredibly effective, he was a little bit weird in his IRL life too. But at what point do you become so have such a lack of ability to operate in IRL, it almost starts to affect impact your ability to create academically. Yeah. I mean, and also, you know, at the end of the day, and this is actually a hopeful statement for him. So right now, he refuses to work a regular job. He's kind of laying flat, as they would say. Yes, they would say in China. And then he's living off his parents and he knows he can live off his parents for a long time. But I think the key is if he's still motivated and passionate about some things, he still has time to make it worth it. You know what I mean? Like if he and I'm not saying he is, but what if he does invent something in the next five years, and he's living off his parents, but that invention is a big deal, then that's still worth it. We don't know yet. He hasn't fully been spoken for. I know a bunch of 26-year-olds, 28-year-olds who kind of live off their parents in different ways, you know what I mean? So it's like You're talking about creative directors in New York? No, people who are getting subsidized by their parents and parents have some savings, whatever, if they're going to get a house after they're, you know, inherited from their parents. Whatever it is, I'm just saying, I guess he looks hopeless now. But as long as he is motivated to do something, he still has potential to make something happen.  Yeah, I mean, his head is his dome is his heads just kept growing when he got older. That's crazy. You filled it up with a lot of knowledge or some fluid or something. I would say that I'd be interested and know what his regiment was. Like was he put on actual IRL projects or all theoretical things. Because if you look at Elon, when I'm talking about Elon was a prodigy, he was making his own games at like eight or nine years old. That's a real life thing. It wasn't like he was just crushing books. Right, right, right. How much do we want to acknowledge here that his looks may have been a factor? I don't know. You know what I mean? Like I think that that's something that a lot of people, it's un-PC to talk about. But sometimes the way somebody looks, it can affect their interactions and then their interactions affect their motivations. That's what I think. I don't know. I'm just throwing it out there. I think he's so, in my opinion, he's so smart. He's in that like super geek lane where like you're talking about like I don't think it looks like Noel Horaro. Yeah, I don't think there's a lot of super smart people.  So I feel like he's not doing the model walk on Douyin. Yeah, I don't know if it was about that. But clearly, you know, he probably just wants to be happy and maybe he wasn't happy his whole life studying. Right. I think my last quick thought is that the comments that you're going to see from the Western commenters and the Eastern commenters, because I pulled some Eastern Asian comment sites are very different, not super different, but like have different details because the knowledge base is different. Anyway, let's just get into the comment section. Somebody said, I always assumed that 85% of prodigies would turn out this way because it's impossible to pack enough maturity in so little time. And a lot of people had a ton of comments about like, I thought all little child geniuses fail. Do you think the perception of child geniuses is different from the East and the West? Because it seems like when you say I got a child genius in the West, the immediate response from an average person is like, hey, it might be weird and it might explode on you. Whereas in the East, there's like, oh yeah, I'm so hopeful for the next Einstein or perhaps like Warren Buffett, if he is more financial minded. Yeah, I think that when you call a kid a genius early on, not just like a very smart kid, but I'm saying when you start using the word genius and slapping that onto a kid, you have to understand like, there's a lot of pressure and also a lot of like, babying that's going to come along with having that genius kid and like, try you never know what's going to happen though, because like that's such a crazy label to put on people. But do you think it's true that the West, they do focus more on holistic life skills or social sociality? Yeah, I do. Listen, listen, if you're a genius in America, they want to know if you can help build the next weapon. Okay, that's probably what they're essential. Next rocket, weapon, Oppenheimer, H bomb, A bomb, whatever it is, they want to know if your brain is going to help them help the country in what they care about. Right. You're saying execute some sort of project. Are you going to invent some sort of agenda? Are you going to invent a new medicine for big pharma? I want to know that. You know, that's like kind of the thing in America. Well, maybe I think in China it's almost like, um, somebody was just like, yeah, man, I had a friend who had photographic memory and then he's just in jail because he's got multiple addictions and someone said, yeah, it's because he could never forget the bad things either. Yeah, that's really interesting. Somebody said, incredible gifts like that sometimes mean that other parts of the brain are lacking because they just got all the game VC points got over distributed to those certain points. Yeah. Yeah. Do you think that's true? Um, I Q is not the same as being motivated, hardworking, successful, or likable. Someone said the gifted sometimes struggle to find purpose. This guy said, um, you know, personal growth was missed in the early stages of development because they got pushed academically to bring glory to the family because the family feels so cool because this kid is so smart, but their kid the whole time is being underdeveloped in other things that aren't going to show up until way later. I mean, I guess it even happens to young kids that are really good at sports, right? Sometimes they could get babied and they're not developing the coach ability or the other things like that. Somebody said, well, why take on the stress of holding a job and paying bills when you can pass that stress on to your elderly parents? And someone said, yeah, maybe this guy is actually super smart, but he's just super lazy. So he just actually like pulled off exactly what he wanted to do. Right. Right. Right. Yeah. Well, nobody says anything about his ideals, you know, and this guy, Andrew, this guy who was coming in, he was Chinese and this was on Yahoo comments. He basically blamed it on the society for saying just like, man, they just didn't have any development. Chinese culture is so unbalanced because China is not a full meritocracy. Nothing really comes from hard work other than bringing honor to your parents. But if your parents still aren't the right type and, you know, like from the right families, it doesn't fully matter. So then basically this guy used as an opportunity to criticize the entire structure of the system. Wow. But then other people were really blaming it on the parents. So what do you think it is? Is it like the parents trying to milk the kid too young or is it really like this in the entire society? But I was thinking it's probably both, right? Yeah, it's probably both. Yeah. He was talking about Yao Ming. You know, interestingly enough, Andrew, he compared this guy to Ye Jianlian because Ye Jianlian got shown as a basketball prodigy, but obviously he never learned the other skills like communication and gameplay IQ at a high level. Basically, this guy said, I am a school psychologist. The biggest predictor of success is not intelligence or completing a college degree. It is mental health. Too many parents ignore that and instead push good grades and academic accolades.  Yeah, no, that's a really good point. And I definitely think that that is overlooked overseas. Somebody said, I always say that life is kind of like a video game when you build a character. Literally, if you have all the points and intelligence, but very low points and motivation, it is not going to give you a lot of good things in life other than provide you bragging rights at dinner. And then somebody just said, yeah, this guy got shortchanged in the looks department. He did not get any VC distributed. I mean, without motivation in life, man, a lot of talent doesn't matter. It really doesn't, man, even in basketball, in sports, even if you have talent at a young age, but you're not staying motivated or with a direction or mentally or emotionally, you can't handle it because maybe he maybe he just wanted to live a regular life. Maybe he just wanted a girlfriend and maybe he just wanted to maybe he's watching all these Douyin like Xiaohong Chu videos. And he's like, wow, like, look at the life that these right. He's watching like a higher brother. Yeah, like, why work? Why work? I'll be a rapper like Robin gone. You know, smoked out police stations all your PlayStation will never break up with me. Yeah. That's crazy. I mean, it's true, man. It's dude, life is so complicated. There's so many things everybody's like trying to, you know, maybe he felt like, yeah, nobody ever asked me. I just wanted a baddie and to hit the club and pop bottles with models and nobody ever asked me what I want. They just wanted me to calculate this equation. So Andrew, these are comments from the East. This guy made a really, really good insight into the Chinese family where he was saying his parents probably told him when he was young that they were very rich and they gave him some sort of distorted sense of purpose and distorted sense of entitlement as evidenced by the fact that he was demanding a $1 million flat to live in Beijing just to go finish his PhD. So basically he was saying that it's interesting because sometimes in the West, parents might lie to their kids about how much, how little money they have to give the kid motivation. But in China, because it's a descendant of an imperial society that's very like aristocratic centric, the parents might lie to the kid about how rich they are. Right. How weird is that? I mean that is, I don't want to say it's 100 out of 100, but it is true that sometimes Asian families try to hide from the child their financial situation. Yeah, that's true. But I think it's weird that the kids want to stay motivated in China if they feel rich, but here kids stay more motivated if they feel poor. No, it just goes to show you how different the motherboard is. Somebody said, yeah, this is a strawberry generation. They are so easily bruised, like a strawberry. That's a funny one. Somebody said, yeah, reincarnated happy Buddha. Just follow his life to gain enlightenment. Is it maybe he just found Buddha? Well, he just desires nothing. So he wants nothing. Yeah. Yeah. I don't know about eating the rotten vegetables though. Somebody said the world doesn't owe him a living. Neither do his parents owe him. He owes society a responsibility. And I think actually this is what he's rebelling against. You know what I'm saying? Because you take a guy, I don't know. I mean, he was cute when he was a kid, but let's just say he was like, not considered good looking by the time he's 18, right? And he's got this crazy, gigantic brain on him. Everybody's looking at him like, yeah, what are you going to invent for us? What algorithms are you going to solve? At least the basis of this fundamental theory so somebody else can go build something in industry. Yeah. Progress the society. And he's like, nobody is asking me what I want. Yeah. And that's, I think that comes as a, that's a short, that's a downside of like not developing a personality that people want to cheer for.  You can rise up, people will follow you, you'll feel motivated, but like this guy, you know, his parents probably didn't care if he was likable because they were like, oh, he's just so smart. But then if he's not likable, then people don't like care about his life, you know? So yeah, it is crazy. It looks like he used to look like Shanghai Poppy when he was young. I don't even know. It could seem like that he maybe was feeling used by society, almost like, hey, you have this brain. So help us out. It's almost like he felt like, and there may be evidence to support it, that society was squeezing his brain for the juice. But who cares about the whole, like he, he's like, I'm not just a brain, like quit squeezing my brain. Yeah. Like, like he had a duty to forego his adolescence to not have fun when he was younger, to not release dopamine, to not live a regular life. And his obligation and duty was to do something great in academics.  This guy's from a fourth tier city. I'd want to talk to his friends. I mean, I think that to find out more, you'd have to talk to his friends, any girls or people that he had relationships with kind of see. Do you think it's unfair that somebody looks at this guy, Zhang and is like, you failed society, you failed China.  Because those a lot of those kids just go in and have fun. Yeah. Yeah.  And they're like, everybody's like, look at it, you're already a not as I already not going to be tight.  And everybody's like, you have a responsibility. Yeah, I always thought that was interesting. That is messed up. I think it is. I think, I think people look at smart people more as tools that they should do something for me, because that's why you're smart. Versus like if you're even just good looking and rich. What is anybody going to tell you know what everybody looks at you and goes, I do the same thing.  It's unfair, man. You got to treat smart kids as regular people too. Listen guys, life is made up of a lot of parts, man. I think you got the zone you're born into, Andrew. It's just like Hunger Games. Everybody's born into a different zone. Then you got base camp training camp, right? How did you perform in training camp?  And then you get a bicycle. But Andrew, not everybody got the same bicycle. And some people land with a squad of bicycles like Lance Armstrong. Other people are on a solo bicycle.  You can, you got one bike, one body, one soul, and you can't ride all the paths up the mountain. So you got to deviate from the one you're born into or maybe you got shot into that one. So you're like, it just makes more sense with the natural inertia. I'm just going to ride up. Maybe you get distracted by a hot spring. Maybe your mission imperative is to reach the peak or maybe it's to go, whatever, to just save other people. You know what I'm saying?  And maybe this guy just figured like, I'm opting out at this point. Right? Yeah. So anyway, guys, let us know what you think of this story in the comment section below. It's going viral all around Asia a little bit in the West, but mostly in Asia because they, they just care about really big academic brains with big processors. I think more over there. Plus this guy's Asian. Let us know what you think in the comment section below. I think a lot of valid points on all sides. Until next time, we're the Hop Hop Boys. We out. Peace.


This is stock number 11544Z. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used Dodge and Dodge Challenger and sports car headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean, like new 2020 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack. This vehicle has the 6.4 liter V8 Hemi motor. All of our vehicles go through 130 points state of Wisconsin inspection process, get a fresh oil and filter change, get all the fluids checked and topped off before being made available to our customers. Black clear coat is the color on this one. We shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second, so if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or a smartphone device, definitely turn them on right now because it is your best way to check out the quality and condition of the car before seeing it in person. And if you'd like to check out all the photos on this car in the upper right hand part of your screen as a link to our website, click that and check us out there. This one comes with the 20 inch Granite Crystal painted alloy rims. You get the Brembo brakes with the slotted rotors and it has good your Eagle RSA 245-45 ZR20 tires on here and they are like new. There's only a thousand some miles on this car so it is in very nice condition. You do get the projector lamp headlamps, you get the LED running lights and you also get the air intake there and when we turn those lights on it's pretty cool so we'll do that at the end of the video here. Front bumper is absolutely perfect, hasn't been drilled into or anything like that and the lower valence is very nice as well. The hood you get the cowl induction sport hood there and that is in the excellent shape as well. Passengers side front fender, no dents or dings on that and the passenger side rim, no scuffs or scrapes. As you go down this side of the car take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and you just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the car you can see the car, hear the car and have confidence in the vehicle that you're looking at before you even get here so you can make a smart buying decision from the comfort of your own home and that's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen and link right to our website where you can apply for financing, get pre-approved, see a payment quote, basically make this car your own before even getting here. So when you do get here all you got to do is drive the car, love it and you'll be all set to go or you get the car shipped right to you, we've done that too. Back tires just as new as the front and the back brakes are in excellent shape, no scuffs or scrapes on that back rim and as we come around to the back of the vehicle rear bumper is in excellent condition, no scuffs or scrapes on that you do get the chrome tipped dual rear exhaust, the backup parking sensors, the LED tail lamps, the decalage spoiler, get the scat pack logo there. Back storage area is very clean, there is a front license plate holder if you wanted that, tire inflator kit and their battery is located back here as well. This is where this is also also those seats do fold down, it looks like there's some different mufflers possibly that are on the car but it does come with the factory ones. The trunk lid is in excellent condition, I didn't see any dents or dings on that and as you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger side, get the blacked out fuel door there, absolutely perfect and same with this back rim no scuffs or scrapes on there.  It's got some really cool animation at the beginning with the rumble be there, you get the 7 inch LCD display, digital speedometer, outside temp and compass display and you can see that this car only has 1,022 miles on it. You get the heated leather wrap steering wheel, cruise controls on the right, Bluetooth and information center controls on the left and audio controls on the back of the steering wheel. This one comes with the 8.4 4C radio so you get AM FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities, you also have your heated seats and heated steering wheel buttons and you also have your climate controls here, you can turn those on and off, dual climate controls, you can control things up here or you can control them on the more tactile buttons down here, you also have your different drive modes that you can do with the SRT pages and performance pages, they do take a second to load but it's some pretty cool stuff here so you have your widgets that you can do, you also have your timers that you can do, 60 feet, 330 feet, eighth mile, quarter mile, thousand foot so you can record all that, you have your different gauges, your G-Force, what your engine is doing, then you have a dyno on here as well so really cool stuff on this radio. This is also where your backup camera shows up and you also can do your different apps here including Projection Manager, you can project your cell phone to the screen via Android Auto or Apple CarPlay so if you have a navigation system on your cell phone such as Waze or Google Maps you can project it to the screen, use it through the screen and it's just like you have the nav on the screen so while this one doesn't have nav you can do that and it's a really nice thing you can also play music and media and stuff through your phone onto the screen. We actually did a demo on Android Auto if you want to check that out in the upper right hand part of your screen but a very nice system there.  Stability control as well and you can see this is a six-speed manual transmission. Passenger side seat and format are in excellent condition as well, no rips or tears, this car has never been smoked in and is absolutely perfect on the interior. Up here you get your map lights, home link buttons for your garage drawer security systems and lane systems, assist and SOS buttons and we're going to start it up and take a quick look under the hood. That sounds really good. We're checking out the video today, hopefully from this HD video. We've been able to tell just how clean this car is all the way around inside and out. Under the hood we have a 6.4 liter V8 heavy motor and today's very clean. It runs very smooth. Once again all of our vehicles go through 130 points state of Wisconsin inspection process, get a fresh oil and filter change, all the foods get checked and topped off before being made available to our customers, before being made available 100% and ready to go. There are those Rambai air intake. Looks like checkered flakes but it's actually a bunch of little Dodge logos so that's really cool but you get the LED running lights and the projector lamp headlamps and projector lamp fog lamps as well. I would highly recommend this car to make quality and condition standpoint and see more pictures of this car on one of our other 450 new used cars, trucks, SCVs, minivans, Wranglers, challengers, chargers, Mustangs, Camaros, Corvettes, you name it we got to go to that website right there www.summitauto.com full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com and if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summitauto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you'll see a link to a subscribe to our YouTube channel in the upper left hand part of the screen. A link to more challenger videos like this one in the upper right hand part of the screen. A link to this vehicle on our website in the bottom left hand part of the screen in our newest video that I've uploaded in the bottom right hand part of the screen. So click those, check us out. We were a little cordelby with this like new 2020 Dodge Challenger RT Scat Pack and you can hear after this little bit she quiets right down and thanks again for checking out the video.


Let us see how we get an estimate for the maximum lift over drag ratio. Once again, we are going to mostly use historical data. Why? The reason is that we cannot do anything better because we are at a stage in design where we cannot get the accurate value of this parameter because we have not even finalized the configuration. All we know is the type of the aircraft that we are designing. So, there are certain thumb rules available, some guidelines available. One simple guideline is as a function of the wing aspect ratio. So, for aircraft which have aspect ratio between 7 and 11 which is the typical value for you know many low speed transport aircraft, the regional turboprops etc., you can assume the L by D max to be twice the wing aspect ratio based on this particular graph. However, please note this is only a very crude estimate and maybe this is to be used as a starting value. I do not recommend that we should use this value in the calculations. This is just a very very basic value. Instead, it will be better to go for picking up a value of the L by D max based on some historical data which is actually available. So, some average L by D max values are available for typical aircraft. And first, a few select aircraft which are piston, prop, turboprop type. You can see that the L by D max is of the order of 13 to 14, 14.2. Let us understand what are the drivers of subsonic L by D. The subsonic value of L by D is very strongly dependent upon the aircraft configuration. In level flight, we go for a condition that lift is equal to weight. And hence, the L by D will depend based mostly on the D because the L is almost constant. So, now if you want to look at L, look at L by D, you have to look at D very carefully. Now, for subsonic aircraft, there are two main components of the drag or D. One is the parasite or zero lift drag which is a function of the vetted area of the aircraft. And the other is the induced or lift dependent drag which is a function of the wing span because it is a function of aspect ratio which is span square by area. So, if we want to get a handle on both these aspects, the span as well as the vetted area, we should consider not just the aspect ratio but the vetted aspect ratio. The vetted aspect ratio air wet is defined as the square of the span divided by the vetted area of the aircraft. And the vetted area aspect ratio is a much better indicator of max L by D as compared to just the proof of this lies in a comparison between Boeing B-47 and Vulcan aircraft. Remember, in his textbook has given this example. It is a very nice example which shows that you could have a totally different shape but you may have the same value of maximum L by D. So, here we have two of these two aircraft. On your left is the Boeing B-47 which is having a slender wing with large sweepback. And on the right we have a Vulcan which is all wing virtually all wing it is bordering to a actually you know blended wing body but there is no blending here because there is a distinct fuselage. So, we notice that the reference area of the wing in the case of in the case of B-47 is 1430s whereas it is 3446. This I am assuming is in square feet because this data is from Reimers textbook. The vetted area is much you know larger for this aircraft because there are slender very very slender wings and also there are this fuselage and tail surfaces. The span is not very different 116 versus 90. So, therefore S-Wet by S-Ref will be approximately 8 for B-47 and approximately 3 because Vulcan is mainly wing only. So, you have the vetted area basically the S-Ref is going to be the projected area of the wing and the S-Ref is going to be the S-Wet is going to be the area of the top surface of the wing bottom of the wing and of course, the other things. The aspect ratio of this aircraft is 9.4 whereas that for the Vulcan is 3 but the vetted aspect ratio for both the aircraft is almost the same and hence the L by D max for both the aircraft is also almost the same. So, this particular example shows that if the vetted aspect ratio of if the vetted aspect ratio of 2 aircraft is similar we can expect them to have the same or similar L by D max values. So, Reimers has given a very simple procedure for getting a quick estimate of the L by D max of the aircraft that you are designing. Reimers says that although you do not have the configuration designed you still have some idea about the baseline aircraft that you are going to probably use in your calculations. You also have a rough idea of how roughly your aircraft will look like. So, will it be like this or will it be almost a flying wing? Will it be like F4 or will it be like Boeing 747? So, in this particular chart what you do is since your geometrical calculations have not yet been completed you can just eyeball the aircraft and use the typical configuration value. So, for each aircraft there is a point and on this graph. So, for example, if the aircraft is looking like this you can assume that the aspect by aspect of value will be approximately 5. On the other hand if you are looking at something like Cessna Skylane it will be 4. If you are looking at something like 747 it will be maybe 6.25. So, like that and if it is a flying wing like B 49 it will be just twice the reference area. So, it will be nearly 2. So, this way you can use this particular chart to get a ratio of what is the typical expected value of S F by S F. And then there is another chart where the wetted aspect ratio on the x-axis this is the wetted aspect ratio that means span square by the wetted area. This is plotted and on the y-axis you have the expected value of L by D max and there are lines for various aircraft types. So, for example, you have one line for civil jets, you have one line for aircraft which have a fixed landing gear but they are propeller driven, you have another parallel line for retractable prop aircraft indicating that the retractable prop aircraft normally have a higher L by D max. The increase in the L by D max is approximately 2 as you can see the gap between these 2 lines is approximately 2 you know approximately from 10 to 12 which means the L by D max is going to increase by a numerical value of 2. Similarly, there is one line for military jets, then another line for subsonic jets and high speed jets and then he says there is a poor correlation with the actual data. So, with whatever best information you have you should be able to get the L by D max values and you should be able to use it. So, what we notice is that for most of the civil jets which are falling along here the L by D max is between 14 to 20 that is the typical value of L by D max and for you know lower the lower values are applicable for aircraft with propeller driven aircraft and the fixed landing gear the L by D max there tends to be from between around 10 to 12 or 14. You can use other information also for example, here is data taken from Babikian et al from MIT who have plotted the value of trends in the value of L by D max over the years from 1955 to year 2000 and they use the colour coding, they use symbols like this for the turboprops, symbols like this for the regional jets and for other the blue triangles are all the large aircraft. So, you can see there are some spreads also most of the aircraft are actually falling within this particular band. In other words the L by D max is probably going to be between around 10 to 15 and these trends are increasing and modern day aircraft have L by D max bordering between around 15 to 20. So, this is the kind of value and perhaps the limit would be around 22 that would be the max value that you can expect to be generated. But there are attempts being made to increase the L by D max value. Thanks for your attention, we will now move to the next section.