All righty, it's been a while. Let's watch this in full first Actually had some notes at the beginning and it's probably because I haven't seen it for a while So if there's anything where if you like really I can understand It's just to me the beginning of this that sitting up where It's fairly quiet through there, and I know it's in there. There's a slight move in here But as a CG version, it's very One axis very straight with no like ambient movement through there and Then just kind of going down in a somewhat simplified way You have a little bit of the buck going back the way it's here, but I think just for Realism and keep alive. I would add already a little bit of Swing back it would start here go back a bit just a bit more ambient move in The chest area even in the arm a bit of an arc in that head Then go in there and this could also be for the back here and kind of slowly going forward and then speeding up into this That was my main reaction seeing this again after a while That is felt a bit simple as in rotation stop rotation down and then up That's me was the biggest thing watch out. There is a little bit of a sideways Hick up there where I feel like the body is slowing down almost kind of Slowing down visually to the right and almost coming at us and then suddenly going a bit faster to the right there right there Rest in fairly cool. I like all of this and actually I like your new idea and if I blend this in here It's towards the ends, right? That's your sit-down idea, which I like a lot. It's also really cool to see this Just the impact on this and how the head kind of snaps down I Stuff like that that Push off with this with the crossover It's really great reference. It's really crazy to see the amount of folding you get here that the straightness and then That the compression into this When then with that lean right so the moment you have more weight going over this arms and this is up That that lean down and compression there And it kind of how it pivots off of this finger. Anyway, I know that's Different reference in terms of the angle everything, but it's just cool to see but I like this a lot that that gets very Primate in terms of just that hand here. They'll scratch and hold I love this I love that scratch hold slight look just long enough to register something and Then the faster look over But again with complexities of a turn like this and then it stops there pivoting off of here Like that with a slight rotation change And then having this Arm here like the way that is scratching like that is great So if you go back to this here Watching this there's a slight weird feel that drop right there and it might just be I think it's again the one-two nature of This side rotates down kind of stops with a little bit of a separate translate back right through there And it might also help you to continue a bit more like this To kind of fall further back because you're kind of leaning back. It might be a bit tricky They're most are trying to avoid that massive intersection through there So it might help you that potentially take this And almost go a bit further forward so that this is a bit more here And then that off balance will be okay because then he or it is or she is falling down That she that's a he there Is it look at the model? Yeah Falling back down again. It could fall a bit here. Even if it's get closer to this and almost bumps into this That might be that might be something good, but that move back That just feels a bit fast I Would just slow it down a tiny bit Because it's it has that feeling of back Suddenly slow. It's only fast and then here's only slow It's just a bit because if spacing wise you go here and then suddenly fast and then suddenly slow The opposite what I was just drawing is a solid fast Sully slow and then suddenly The swing but that's cool. I like this that turn And that's scratch over this way. I think you can have a bit more it's a bit even in timing for both these What what just a little bit more contrast and you can do like one like this And then go up a bit faster keep one of those two fingers in or two or one or two Then further out with one a little bit of a slight finger change into that maybe even bit lower Overall, but I think this is really great in terms of What that character's gonna do They do scratch a lot and has this you know like no human would Scratch himself with that hand all the way through there. They'll probably use that arm. I like this. It feels very Very appropriate. It's good reference Yeah, that to me. It's the biggest thing is Just that sit down through there a little bit at the beginning that I talked about But yeah, other than that, it's still pretty cool. Thank you. All right There's an email you can sign up you can start whenever you want You can submit whatever you want you get 16 submissions either way like and subscribe would be awesome. All right. Thank you


Darren Randolph, hynny yn dwysig i AFC Bournemouth. Gwtodd eich gennyd am ffactor? Rwy'n gyfrigeu. Rwy'n gyfrigeu oherwydd. Roeddi'n ffactor amlo. Roeddi'n ffactor amlo. Roeddi'n ffactor amlo. Roeddi'n ffactor amlo. Roeddu'n ffactor. Roeddi'n ffactor amlo youn. Roeddwch wedi cael tua i gestio. Ryan Frederick's, Marcus Tavarnia. Have they told you good things about the club? Yeah, they have. And then obviously other people who don't play or have been here in the past have told me how great of a club it is and the area as well. So that definitely helped in my decision. Like I said, knowing the three boys is good and that's helped. So yeah, I'm happy to be here ready to get started. Now Netto is one of the other goalkeepers you're going to be jewelling with. Darren and I know that fighting for a place is something you've been very used to throughout your career. Yeah, I think most clubs I've been at have had to fight. You know what a goalkeeper is and I think that's just the nature of the business. Obviously it's our own little group within the group. You know, I've always been quite close in every kind of goalkeeper's union that I've been in. And ultimately we're just here to push each other and wherever there's a shot then it's hopefully going to work in their favour and make everybody perform to the best of their ability. More than 500 appearances for club and country. Darren, you must be looking forward to lending your experience to this group as well. Yeah, 100%. The position the clubs in have been there in the past. So I'd like to think I've got some experience and some other services to give to the rest of the team. You certainly learnt the ropes during your time at Charlton with some loan spells at places like Welling, Atkrington, Gillingham, Berrien, Hereford, they all would have stood you in good stead for a career. Yeah, start off in the lower leagues, proper men's football, but set me up well for my footballing journey and I think that's helped me in good stead over my career. And then he went to Motherwell where you became a legend. Darren, you played in the Champions League, you kept a clean sheet record for them and you got pelted with cigarette lighters in Denmark. Tell us about that. Yeah, I think we played in Cope Van Hagen and cigarette lighters, coke bottles, little plastic cups of beer. I think there was beer anyway. What else? Coins, usual stuff, but a nice little collection for after the game. That must have been a really good spell in your career because you were also in the team of the year in Scotland in 2011-12. Yeah, it was kind of a period in my career where I wanted to go out and make a name for myself. So I actually got to, you know, go to Motherwell, got the chance to play, experience European football for the first time. So it was a good period for myself and for the club. Bournemouth fans would not let me forget to ask you about the record 8-0 win that Bournemouth had at St Andrews in 2014-15 when you played for Birmingham. I've also got to remind them of the fact that Birmingham came here at Easter and gave Bournemouth a real scare by taking a 2-0 lead and eventually using 4-2. What was it like to play against that Bournemouth team in that season, Darren? That season, Bournemouth would have probably the only team in the league that probably everybody feared to play free-flowing football, you know, goals, power, pace, just everything at that time at Birmingham. We were struggling, we didn't have a manager. The club was kind of upside down trying to kind of wait and see what would happen on a day-to-day basis but it's always going to be tough playing Bournemouth. Probably top of the league at that time and then we got a man sent off after six, seven minutes. That's all I choose to remember or tell you about that day. Another successful period in your career was at Middlesbrough. You were in the PFA team of the season, you were a player of the year at Middlesbrough and like I said earlier, you played with Marcus Tavernier there. Just tell us about playing with him there. Tavernier broke into the Middlesbrough side when I was there and it was just what we needed at that time. The energy that young players have when they break into the team, you know, you can run for days, you're great on the ball. He played very well for us when he was called upon. Again, over the years, you've played with obviously some of the younger players and it's good to see how his career has kind of kicked on since then. Some fond memories for you at West Ham, Darren, as well. You played in the final game at Upton Park and you kept a clean sheet in a 3-0-1 against Liverpool, which was West Ham's first victory against Liverpool since 1963. Yeah, that came a week after. We played Bournemouth at the bowling ground and we lost 4-3. Bournemouth has been my bogey team over the years but like I said, the next game was Liverpool away. I think he won 3-0 and then that was obviously nice, the next game to have that. Like I said, the last game at the bowling against Man United, we won that game 3-2 so it was a nice memory, a nice result to leave that stadium before going on to the new one. How much of AFC Bournemouth's journey would you have followed? I know you encountered them in the championship with Birmingham. Do you remember the days back when they were struggling at the bottom of League 2 and then they got into the Premier League? Yeah, because I've been to Bournemouth before to play, obviously before the stadium was rebuilt, I think then. I don't know where we are in the stadium, but then when the end there was no stand. It was just like a little wooden kind of wall and if the ball went over it didn't get it back and it had to wait for a new one to be thrown on. And as one of the stories in football you can't help but know this and to follow. It's really a dream story to see obviously where the club was, to where it is now. The club's journey has certainly taken another significant turn with new owners arriving very recently. I know that you're an aficiado of basketball and NFL. Just tell us about how Americans do their sport and how well they do it. Yeah, they do very well. There's no stone left unturned that really is kind of made out to be a big thing and a good family day out. They love the kind of entertainment as well. Obviously come from a basketball family that was in the house from when I was a little baby and obviously NFL as well. Unfortunately I don't know too much about ice hockey but I also have to do my research and I'll pick it up pretty quick. We're all Vegas, we're all Vegas, Scotland Knights fans now I can assure you. Just expand a little bit on that basketball side of it. I think if you hadn't been a footballer you certainly would have tried to become a basketball player following in your dad's footsteps and only your brother as well. Yeah, my dad and little brother still play. My brother plays for his club side and for Ireland as well. I played for Ireland when I was younger in basketball. I got to about 15 and obviously needed to make a choice between football or basketball. I was never going to make it to the NBA so it was football I chose to go with. So far it's been a good decision. I read somewhere that you also fancied yourself as maybe being a Formula One driver. Just tell us about that. I don't know where you got that from. It was on the West Ham official website saying if you were the footballer you would have been a basketball player or a Formula One driver. Never mind anyway, moving on. So I was definitely made that up. Now you played a little bit Gaelic football and rugby when you were younger and you started out as a centre half. What tipped the balance to become a goalkeeper? We had a cup final and the goalkeeper ended up getting injured. He said who wants to go on goal and my hand shot up just thinking I would just be there for one game. I was stuck there afterwards and never got to get back out on the pitch and run around. So I put myself forward. I just think probably through playing basketball and Gaelic and rugby it's the hand-eye coordination that definitely helped. Now anybody who didn't get the X-factor gag at the start of the interview your partner is Alexandra Burke who won the X-factor in 2008 and then you became a father last year for the first time. Just tell us how fatherhood has changed your life. Massively. With the other responsibility now of looking after a little baby changes your outlook on life. Again, it's given me more drive than probably what I had before. To look after the family and to make the baby proud. We're going to finish up with one about your mum. Your mum's a folk singer. Now we still have this procedure here where new signings have to do in an initiation song. We don't need to say it to remind people because they may forget. By you saying it now it's going to be a thing. Especially the fact you put in mum sings. Everyone's going to be expecting, sorry to keep cutting you off. Everyone's going to be expecting big things and they're just going to be a let-down. Have you got any songs in mind? My dear, I'm not telling you. Brilliant. Excellent. Thanks very much.


A good place to start, Rob, if we may, is an update on the squad, on the injury front and how the players are this week. OK, we had a lot of international players, 17-18, back today in training. Most of them really good, some with some little knocks out of the games what they played. Still the same players out of available for the weekend. Like Coleman, of course, he's doing well. Funus Mori, Barkley, Lennon is not fit. Of course Borlasi is a long-term injury. McCarthy is doing full of training, but it's too short to bring him. He will do some more training sessions. He will get game time next Tuesday in the under-23s, and then I think he's really back for the first team. Roy Keane was the latest, wasn't he, to have his say on James McCarthy, and I know he went away with the Island Squad. How is his fitness, and did you have conversations with the Island Squad before he went away about how he might or may not be involved? First of all, I don't know what Keane said about the situation. I'm not interested in his comments. The player had a long time, several problems physically, and we tried to resolve that problem. He's now back the first time they did a good thing, not to use the player in the state of fitness, what the player is. We like to bring him back. He's an important player for us, but we don't take risks. That's good for him, that's good for us, and let's hope that he will be totally fit and available for next weekend. How about the other players that returned? I'm thinking perhaps the likes of Guilfe Sigurdsson, who had very good international breaks. Do they bring back with them a sense of confidence which has been lacking? Sometimes it's a fresh up for players, maybe not for everybody, but it's all depending on the first team. But sometimes an international break is for everybody good. And of course, players like Guilfe are qualifying for the world champions. That gives always a good boost to the player, and that's important that they come back with a lot of positives. But we have also players with some negatives not qualifying for the world champions, and that's a different situation. On that note, I'll ask you if I can about Holland. What is your take on the state of Dutch football? I'll be lost quality. We lost quality in the competition in Holland. We lost quality. We don't have really the top European top players anymore. Robin was maybe the last and he's topping now for the national team. But yes, we have some really good talent players, but the whole competition in Holland, young players, they go too fast abroad. And we need to change. We had a great time with a lot of big, good players, and we dropped quality. We dropped quality and countries like Belgium and of course Germany, they changed it around it and we need to react. But we will come back because we bring always good football players. Perhaps unsurprisingly, your name has been linked with the job. Is it a job you fancy? No, but I'm not surprised that they put my name in because they did the same some years ago and I'm not surprised. But I'm Everton manager and that's the most important and nothing else. One day perhaps though in the future? No, but in the future it's not realistic now because we have other business to do as Everton. And we need to win and we need to change our situation on the table and that starts this Sunday and that's the priority for me for the long term. How was the international break for you? You had some players here around and obviously as you say 17 or 18 came back today. Was it a good thing for you to have a break from the rigors of the Premier League and Europe? No, first of all you like to have everybody available but I think one reason is why we struggle is that we don't have really training sessions. And that starts already in the pre-season. We did not have a normal pre-season. We had to play really fast, really competition to qualify for Europe. And the schedule is so tough that you don't have really time to train and to improve and we don't have one new player. We have eight or nine new players and that takes time. That takes time and for that I'm happy that we play on Sunday that at least today we had a normal training session and with a lot of attention and focus for the game of Sunday. Is there extra pressure on Sunday's match, the trip to Brighton, given the disappointing start to the season? Not for me. I think the pressure is always there in football because you like to win and you put yourself under pressure to win the game and everything what is mentioned by press or what is outside is outside of my hands. What I can't stop and I can't do about that. And the games are redenteless aren't they? I saw Guilfe Sigurdsson had described that next three as being potentially pivotal to your season with Lyon in the Europa League, Arsenal, Chelsea. They come thick and fast don't they? How challenging is that run going to be? It's not about what is coming after Sunday. The most important and the focus is on Sunday and after that we know we need to play Lyon at home. Every Premier League game is a tough one. It's not the name of the opponent. How concerned are you about the defence? My maths suggest you've leaked 18 goals in Premier League and Europa League. How big a concern? Not more than it was because I know the games that we played then you can concede that number of goals. I think it's more a question to answer this question half way the season because we played against four title contenders and then you can concede goals. How do you lift the mood because I imagine the mood can't be that good after the start and the home defeat by Burnley. Have you got a difficult management job at the moment? No of course it's difficult because everybody expects different results, different positions on the table. We did not have time and I did not see my players from Burnley after the game until some came in Wednesday but others came in today. That's all about in a short period to get everybody on one line and focus for the game of Sunday and of course in terms of confidence we find it difficult. In the Burnley game we start really well and one shot on target it's 1-0 down and it's a different feeling in the stadium and by the players and that makes it even more difficult. But we know that and we can turn around it because the players are working so hard they deserved different results. Do you just have the confidence that even if it's a goal that goes in of somebody's backside you just need something to kick start? Yeah of course you need a little bit luck. You need to score the goal out the first chances that will create. If you play against 10 in the Cyprus team you get a corner kick or you get a free kick against it's not the numbers of players they can score out of that and that is what we need to change. And the fastest way to change that situation is do your job every day and be a professional and work hard and a feeling of belief together. Can I just finally ask what you expect from Brighton newly promoted. I'm sure they'll be up for this game. They are really tough. I think they are doing really well. We analyse them. They have two wins out of the last two home games. Against Newcastle and against West Brom and it's a tough place to come and what I mentioned before it's not about the name of the opponent because everybody is a strong and can play good football. Ronald after the Burnley game Fahad Mishiri came out and said that the Burnley defeat was the only unexpected loss so far this season. Given what you said about how tough the schedule has been would you agree with that? First of all Burnley won away against Chelsea. Burnley had a draw away against Tottenham and Burnley had a draw against Liverpool away. That's I think more clear than every answer.


You don't have as much time as you think you have. So, if you really want to do something great, wait for it. Like I'll go broke telling the truth before I become a fraud. Okay, that's the biggest thing. Most people aren't open-minded anymore to doing things a different way.  Pro, you better be open-minded, man. If you got to fix mindset, you're f***ed and you're going to get dusted by somebody like me or like someone else who's like, dude, I'm totally cool with changing the game at any point. Okay, now, it doesn't mean my core values change. It means that technologies evolving, things are changing, things are changing. Like we've got to be up every day and know that today we could make a change in pivot. My whole company is ready to change at any moment. I can walk into a meeting right now and say, guys, we're completely changing. Everybody's like, boom, what is it? Let's go. They're ready to change now. But most companies, you walk into the change like, oh, here's another change. You know what I'm saying? It's like the leader sets the tone for all the people. That's what I would tell you is that like, dude, it's just, it's never been easier to be great right now. We're in the era of the biggest amateur in the history of time from business owner to influencer to salesperson to leader. So, like, if you want to mark your stake, do it f***ing now.  Just know this. They're going to f*** up. They're not perfect. They make mistakes all the time and they're normal people. Lean into that s*** and when they f*** up, be like, yes, I knew you were human, dude. I love that s***. But guess what? Watch them own their s***.  That's my bad, man. Yeah.  Dude, if you're not, you're fake.  Listen, somebody says, hey, Andy, I heard that this happened. I'm like, bro, it was way worse than that. Okay. They f***ing told you like 10% of what happened. It was really way worse. But the point is, is that changed? Like, I'm not that f***ing dude anymore, man. Like, you're not talking to that guy. Like, that guy, we wouldn't even be talking if that guy still existed. So, my point is, is that I recreated, I changed, okay? Recreation. And I became a different person. The old is gone, the new is here. It's biblical. However you feel, I'm a different man. I got a different heart. I've got a different perspective. I've got different eyes. I've got different intentions. And by the way, you said something about salespeople earn. I was talking about commission breath. A salesperson intentions will decide whether he's a good salesman or a bad one. So, I just want to tell you, like, intentions are everything to me. And that's why I'm just saying, like, dude, like, it's just easy to win right now, man. Okay.  And then just become that. And they do, listen, right now, the world's thirsty for leaders. Families are thirsty for leaders. Businesses are thirsty for leaders. The world is thirsty for leaders. So, if you want to build something great, it's not how cool you are. It's about how great of a leader you are. It's not about how much money you have. People say, oh, I got a hundred million dollars in a private jet.  Do I want to be like you? That's all I know. Like, do I want to live like you? Do I like your perspective? Do I like the way that you see things? You know what I'm saying? Like, I need, I need to find people that have a good perspective on life. And then I want to steal that. You know, and I want to become that. You know what I mean? And so anyway, so that's who I, that's who I search. That's why me and Bradley are so close. Hey guys, what's going on? It's Andy. A lot of you leave comments telling me that you need help. Do me a favor. I'm going to tell you the best way to get a hold of me. Shoot me a text message right now,<PHONE_NUMBER>.<PHONE_NUMBER>. I'll help you with whatever you need.  Let's get back to the video. Bradley has one of the greatest perspectives of all. You know, I'll sit there with them. We're always, I'm going on vacation with them next week for 10 more days. I can hit my family. All our kids are best friends. We all run together. But we sit there, dude. We never talk about money. We never talk about nothing. He's just like, dude, he's like, dude, if I wake up tomorrow, my kids are alive.  My kids are healthy.  He's like, dude, we're so f***ing lucky, man. He's just always reminding even me but in himself like, how lucky we are. Yeah, dude, he's so f***ing grateful, man.  I don't need your money. I've watched Brad, I think I try to make a deal one time. I'll give you two. This is why you have to stand on your own. I got to try to make a hundred million dollar deal with Brad, which would have been very easy. Brad didn't do very much. Brad didn't believe, okay, in his, the way that he ran. And Brad's like, f*** that. Not worth the money. Doesn't matter. No, because I'm not going to tie my name to that. Right? So I don't need the f***ing money. So you need to understand this, like you be careful trying to make decisions off people with money. Turn down money decisions all the time. Do business with people that are like who you want to run with. And then I was at an event one time, right?  Like if you lie to them one time, it's whoever role in our company.  Because you don't need to be with me no more.  So I hold myself accountable by telling them that if I lie, you leave. So now I know I can never lie to them. It's a great accountability tool. But me and Brad are in Miami. We're doing this event and there's this, you know, there's Rebook at the end, which is where like at the end, it's like, hey guys, I got this masterminds, $50,000. If you guys want to join, you know, there's a couple thousand people, you know, 20 or 30 of them will raise their hand, make some million and a half and they do this mastermind, right? And we're in the elevator and with the guy that was holding the event. And we'll say his name, but the guy, he said something and Brad goes, that's not the f***ing truth, man. He said that out loud? Yeah. And the guy goes, oh, yeah, well, Brad, will you know? And Brad's like, oh, man. So it's at the end of the event. We just finished speaking. We just finished talking and Brad is supposed to go up and do the Rebook. We call it a Rebook or, you know, resell the crowd on the next deal. And Brad got up there and I love this, man. And then after this, I was like, dude, that's my leader. He goes, he goes, guys, I'm to a point now where I'm supposed to talk to you guys about mastermind that I'm going to be doing with you, but you guys all have flyers in your hands. You see it? I'm not doing it. I love you guys. Thank you for being here at the event. If you buy that package, I won't be there. I want to tell you guys, I'm grateful, I appreciate you. I'm not going to say anything bad about it. If you guys want to sign up, just know that I won't be there. I love you. So over money, it doesn't matter. He's very clear, because I love you guys. I will not be there, but thank you for being here. You know, we only have so many heartbeats in life. You guys have given me yours. I gave you mine today. Thank you.  And he walked off and I go, man, that's what I'm talking about. A guy that can finally stand up for what's right. And I saw that and I go, dude, now I'm really leaning into the truth. Now I know I'm not afraid to lose my business. I'm not afraid to lose anything.  Okay?  Okay? Like I'll go broke telling the truth before I become a fraud. So anyways, and the cool thing is I've done some crazy so I know the difference between right and wrong. And I've made a lot of mistakes.  Who is your great leader? Dude, I didn't have one. You know what I did? I did everything wrong and I had a lot of bad leaders. So I just reverse engineered it. What should have gone down here? How should I have treated them? What should I have done? It was all reverse of how we were doing it because I had the worst leaders ever. And anyways, that's how I figure out and you know, like you're the younger generation. So you guys figure stuff out the same way. Okay? It's common sense, right? Common sense. If you don't go to the gym, right? You're not going to get in shape. If you go to the gym one time, you're not going to get in shape. You got to go to the gym a lot. Repetition is the mother's skill. You got to do it more if you want to get good at something. Okay? You're doing podcasts right now. You do 20 of them. You're not going to be very good. Once you do 200, start to get pretty good. When you do 2000, you're the best in the country. Joe Rogan. Yeah, you're Joe Rogan, man. It's like, that's the game. It's just more and more and more and more and more and more. But you've got to stay obsessed along the way and you've got to be geeked out. What's the value of the podcast to bring value to the people on the other side of the camera that are trying to get to where you want to go or trying to get to another level. And you're hoping that one piece of information, one piece of value could take them there. Yeah. It's never about me. And that's where I think a lot of podcasters mess up, right? It's about giving value to the viewers. That's it. People try to make it about themselves. Yeah. There's someone on the other side of that camera, which is why it makes it so easy to do this. Because when we decide to talk about openly how we live life, we know there's a hole. There's a gap on the other side of that camera in someone's life. And dude, a podcast can change everybody's life.  You can turn on a podcast and you can turn it off differently. Dude, I know people that watch a podcast 2000 times in a row. I mean, it's just been like, dude, like, I have to watch this again. Like, I watched it, I heard it, but I need to understand like what's going down. So, I'm going to watch it again. You know what I mean? Dude, I've watched some things before literally 2000 times. There's this thing that says you can read a book, right? 100 pages one time or you can read one page 100 times. Some people need to stop right now and read one page 100 times until they understand it. Because dude, if you don't understand it, you're not going to change. You know? So, I'm just obsessed with once I find something I like, I believe in total immersion, which means I just immerse deep into it. Yeah. Man, I got to say, I'm really impressed with you because when I see your content on social media giving sales training, I just assumed you were all about money. Yeah, no.  Okay? Remember, if you're broke, you know what I'm saying? Like when you make money, like it'll magnify who you are. I was a great broke guy. I love people when I was broke. I gave a about people when I was broke. Now, I wasn't very educated, which is why I told you the greatest advice I'll ever give you is to out self-develop everybody because that's how I did it. Everybody slowed down. The last three years how we built a nine-figure business and how we'll create a billion-dollar business is because I don't slow down. I don't slow down. If you have a mountain right now, everybody needs to write down what they want. Okay. Well, you're going to get that. So, what's the next mountain? Dude, I know my next nine mountains. Okay. Like I'm running over mountains as fast as I can to get to that next mountain. I know what I want. And by the way, time's running out. You know, Tim Grover, he was at our place, did an event with us about a week ago, and he goes, dude, I kept telling Kobe Bryant every day we're running out of time. He goes, and I wish I was wrong.  It's just the truth, man. You don't have as much time as you think you have.  Most people are underestimating the amount of effort that it's going to take to get the life they want. And that's why we beat everybody. So, I'm here to tell people the truth that, dude, it's going to take you 10 times more than you think it's going to take, at least. And you got to be around the right people in proximity, dude, because if you're not, you're fucked. Okay. Like, we don't run with anybody we don't want to be around. Dude, I don't hang out with people who I don't want to run with. I'm very careful about what I do.  You know what I mean? And by the way, hey, I'm still that freaking 18-year-old lost kid. I'm still that guy. When I see people, they're like, hey, Andy, I see people are like, hey, Andy, sign this. Or, you know, hey, look, can we shoot a video? Yeah, let's go. Let's shoot a video. Let's do everything. I remember one time I looked up to somebody and I'm going to go back about two years ago when I met him, I was like, dude, you changed my life because it was the truth.  He said, oh, cool, man. Have a blessed day. And I was just like, man, you know, like, I get that, right?  No, like, but I'm busy. I got to go. I know, bro, but why did you start this to change people's lives? See, and I'm going to, I'm going to give you something. After an event, when I speak, I stay for four or five hours and I talk to everybody and take pictures. You know why? Because the way I felt when I told that guy, it changed my life. And then he said, oh, cool, man. I was like, I don't ever want anybody to feel that. If somebody's at home right now consuming your content and they're watching it and they believe in everything you're saying and they've changed their life.  Stop. What's your name? Andy. Nice to meet you, man. Hey, number one, I'm proud of you for doing the work. Number two, I want you to keep going hard. Okay. I'm proud of you. I appreciate it. Let me borrow your camera. Let's take a picture. Let's not forget today. Okay. Go back out, brother. See you soon. 10 more seconds, man. 10 more seconds. You just put that guy on another journey. Or, hey, man, cool. Appreciate it. 10 more seconds. Now that guy's didn't want to roll with you no more. Yeah. Okay. And that's how I felt. And hey, by the way, you may say, come on, man, get over it. No, dude, listen to me. Being a leader is a privilege. Okay. So when somebody says that you changed my life, I just don't take it lightly, man. You know what I mean? I'm like, yeah, dude. And hey, by the way, look, whether I change one or 20 million, all I want to do is change people's lives. Notifications. And then subscribe to the channel. We got daily sales training videos dropping. I'll see you soon.


We right now we have a period of time for questions and answers from the audience so I hope we puzzled you enough or peaked your interest enough that We couldn't possibly have answered all of your economic questions here, but we're gonna try now. So does anybody have any questions? Yes Yeah referring to the numbers from Robert Higgs that I mentioned and presented The question is are we in a real recovery? Well, I think what this indicates is that we're not in a real recovery that You know given all the stimulus that's out there all the deficit spending and the Quantitative easing all of that stuff that the government is using to prop up gross domestic product That further suggests that we haven't reached a return to normality now I would suggest that Real net domestic private investment the 100 index in 2007 was probably too high They stimulated the economy too much and as a result we got the business cycle which took us down But I you know at a number 40 percent below that more than 40 percent below that indicates that Entrepreneurs are still not willing to invest if you look outside of the aggregate number And that's the first thing Austrians do you you see an aggregate and the first thing we do want to do is take it apart When Peter showed that cake, I thought I want to get inside that cake So if you look outside of that what you see is Record amounts of cash on corporate balance sheets So if you look at the major businesses other small business medium-sized business Local and regional business, but if you look at corporate America What you see is a record amount of cash on their balance sheets either held domestically or by their foreign subsidiaries outside of the US and That's a great indicator that entrepreneurs are very uncertain About in making investments because they're holding that cash rather than putting it to work with New outlets new businesses new products and things of that nature Remember that from our point of view What's what matters is not simply the level of investment, but that the specific goods and services that that investment is embodied in It's not just how much is invested It's what you invest in and the reason that we have our intercession in the first place is The the hangover effect of a previous artificial boom that was created by government stimulation of the economy interest rates near zero Entrepreneurs are investing in projects that are not consistent with the pattern of goods and services that consumers ultimately want There was too much investment in consumer durables and long-run investment projects recovery from for you know from from an Austrian perspective Consists of liquidating the bad investments and getting money redirected into good investments You know mark talked about the Chinese of you know phantom cities or the cake that was made by the central planners The government can certainly do that it can do a lot of investment, but it's not investment That's valuable. It's not investment that is in the right things So recovery means a painful period of liquidation and readjustment The Fed and the Treasury and Congress have done everything in their power to prevent any adjustments any Reallocation and thus any true recovery since 2008. I hope that was misleading when I I probably should have kept the the net part off of there So it's not to confuse anybody questions Yes okay, so the question is Imagine I'm just repeating just for people online Imagine that someone builds a supernet and manages to catch all the fish and doesn't leave anything for The other people is that still a good thing? But well the thing is that remember like I said in that one slide There's only so much fish that he can consume himself There's only so much good that he can get out of consumption from a Stock of fish as the stock gets bigger and bigger So again, the only way that he can benefit from the fish is to make exchanges with other people in the community And like I said is that every exchange is mutually beneficial. It's a win-win situation So eventually people will benefit not just him I would like to add to that add to that the because it's sort of a looming problem What if everybody or what if one person got in there and took all the resources and destroyed it and so on? those types of things do happen but They typically only happen in an environment where there's no private property So in the Old West The Buffalo were hunted to near extinction Because they were nobody's property and there was no private property allocation out west and so hunters Faced a near zero marginal cost of shooting another Buffalo and And you know killing the Buffalo off like that, but things like that only happen Where there's no private property? assignments where people have not been able to Take possession of property and so you sometimes do see problems like this in Public waterways and things of that nature where there's no there's no private property assignments But That It's a very poor method of tracking Economic growth if you have a market economy Where there is very little government intervention? It's somewhat reasonable. I mean it's a government accounting system You know if you so if you had a market economy, it's a reasonable Account of the production of final goods and services But there's a lot of problems with it In general Which the people who put these things together originally they laid out a whole list of why you can't use this to do x y and z And so from the very beginning it had a lot of problems And the fact that you have a lot of government intervention rigging the numbers on a regular basis Makes it even more problematic, but it's what is the standard of debate in the profession as it exists There have been some attempts by Austrians and other scholars to come up with better aggregate measures Looking at gross private product only Excluding government expenditures and so forth and these have some advantages relative to GDP But I think the premise of your question is is right that ultimately No measure like this is exactly a measure of well-being in an economy right because well-being is subjective and personal The amount of value or satisfaction I get from consuming goods or services is not something that's reflected in any number That could be summed up across individuals. So all of these measures I mean they do provide some information as crude proxies for things that are going on at a macroeconomic level But we should always take them with a grain of skepticism Dose of skepticism. Yeah, one thing that you might Google is Murray Rothbard and PPR it's a measurement that Murray Rothbard developed called private product remaining Question for individuals Okay, yeah, I did talk about the cash on corporate balance sheets and the question is about private savings and according to the statistics What happened over this business this past business cycle is that the private savings rate Which is one measure of the amount of savings that individuals do Outside of corporate balance sheets that private the private savings savings rate went down to zero during the boom and That's exactly what Austrians would predict is Because you know you think in a boom conditions people would be saving more But what's happening is the lower interest rate is encouraging investment at the same time. It's discouraging savings and the difference between basically real savings and real real amount of investment is you're going to get a lot of male investments or bad investments Now what happened since the crisis emerged in 2008 is that the savings rate has gone up To about 5% I think But that's still only half of what the traditional savings rate of Americans has been so it's You know we view savings as a good thing adding to the productive side of the economy And that's recovered according to the statistics about halfway back. I Would imagine so Yeah, I mean I think people are D-leveraging their own personal balance sheets as well Which is something that Keynesian economists are very unhappy about Right, but it's funny if you just start start paying attention as you read the newspaper You see something online or you listen to a news report about the economy how often the dominant The main focus is on total consumer expenditures Consumer spending went up. Yay. Everything's going great. Consumer spending went down G And you hear them say well consumer spending does make up a large Share of GDP therefore more consumer spending means higher GDP. We're all better off But if you think about this systematically starting with Danny's Presentation and going through marks you realize that that has everything exactly backwards and that what we're interested in is the free market allocating resources according to people's wishes absent Artificial intervention and stimulation from the state, but I mean what what the economy needs right now in practical terms is less Consumer spending and more savings and that's exactly the opposite of sort of the conventional wisdom you get from New York or Washington, DC or whatever Yeah, it's basically saying like the people on the island saying we ate so much fish today. We're gonna be so rich That's a great question because it does draw another one of those distinctions where Austrians and mainstream economists basically have a completely different point of view and a different form of analysis And ours is better of course. Yes We're right Any other questions? Yes, no savings is not the same thing as Decreases in the velocity of money which is a statistic designed to measure the number of times the average dollar Is in circulation? So those are somewhat distinct Concepts savings is taking away Consumption and making it available for investment. Yes Is Okay, the question is if savings is a good thing would it be better to tax spending rather than income So Murray Rothbard what the point that he would always stress is that people pay too much attention to the kind of tax and What's more important is the height of the tax? and so And in man economy and state he explains how all taxes Eventually get borne by land and labor and so really Again, that's what's more important Related to the brigands someone posted a question on on YouTube Saying that well the government protects us from Brigands, so it doesn't make sense to think of them as brigands Now if you go back to the story and and you think about it So say the brigands come in and they become kings and nobles and they plunder through taxation Are they gonna like it if other brigands come in and start looting their subjects? No, why not? Yeah, if if if if other brigands Loot the people and makes them poorer then it's less for the Government brigands to plunder so it makes them poor. So of course, they're going to want to To protect them from other brigands because they're saying hey, these are our victims Get to stay out of this With with the mob with a mafia is what you call a protection racket But with the government we call it the social contract Just again a small comment on consumption tax a lot of people have proposed Replacing the income tax with some kind of maybe a value-added tax or some other kind of consumption task It's an interesting point But to echo what Danny said in addition to the level of the tax being more important than the specific collection procedure There are also a number of interesting Practical and sort of political difficulties. I think with most of those proposals So that their proponents have in mind that we will Institute of VAT or some other kind of consumption tax and then after that start, you know reducing income taxes and Other kinds of business taxes on business and so forth, you know kind of politically speaking It's that doesn't seem like a very wise strategy Because a new tax almost always historically has simply been added on to the set of existing taxes I think it would be very difficult to strike that kind of political bargain where you could actually get a Substitution rather than the addition of yet another tax. I Think that also points out how the Austrians are different from mainstream economists mainstream economists sort of reinvent, you know invent these ways of making Alterations in government that supposedly will make us better off if all the equations work out correctly and all the estimates come out Correctly Austrians are very realistic about their economic theory but we're also realists when it comes to economic policy and You know a tax government almost never gives up on a tax gives up on a regulation Gives up on a bureaucracy.  They only are interested in taking more. Remember that Richard Nixon August 15th 1971 took us off the gold standard Temporarily to what extent our taxes constitutional that's it's that's a Political question and a good question. I mean the Constitution does explicitly provide for certain kinds of government fees You know, it depends what you mean by Constitutional does that mean what was in the original document or what most people think what? Constitutional means today is whatever is the latest decision of the US Supreme Court So by that standard everything that the government is currently doing is constitutional if you mean, you know Did the founders have in mind anything like the kind of system that we have today? I think you know the answer is obviously not just to give you one illustration when the income tax was first introduced during the progressive era or you Know in the 19 teens the top the top marginal rate was wasn't 2% So the most that you could be taxed even on your you know Your extra income at the very top was 2% and a lot of people thought that was outrageous But that was the only way they could get it passed by promising that Most Americans would never pay any income tax only a few You know millionaires and the amount they pay, you know would be teeny tiny So that's one way of you know, what would the the voters and people in Congress who approved the income tax in 1913 what would they think of the current tax structure or the tax structure in the US in the 1970s and 80s I Suspect they would be somewhat surprised Now one thing is that the income tax For certain periods was considered Unconstitutional and but they actually amended the Constitution with the 16th amendment which allowed for an income tax Even though before the 16th amendment Abraham Lincoln actually imposed an income tax anyway So yeah just As we learned just a couple of years ago, you know, the Supreme Court has now decided that a Law requiring people to purchase goods and services from private vendors namely health insurance contracts is Constitutional because that's a form of tax So to answer your question, we'd have to say what does the Supreme Court think that taxation is and apparently any Expenditure that the government compels either to the government or to a private company could be considered a tax and according to the Supreme Court It's constitutional Oh, you've heard of the Articles of Confederation That's the document the agreement between the states that Americans used to defeat Great Britain and become independent of Great Britain There was no power to tax under the Articles of Confederation The only thing that they could do is make requisitions from the states and so they didn't have a taxing power and Everything worked out pretty well except a small number of states within the Articles of Confederation could block anything so a minority of states You needed more than a majority in order to pass something and so the delegates would go there and meet in Philadelphia and They couldn't tax and It was really hard to pass anything and that little small states could block the big states from doing certain things and the big States could block the little states for doing certain things and So it wasn't fun as far as politicians go So they decided to rip up the document start over again with the US Constitution, which does have some taxing powers in it Okay, thank you very much. It's been a great day and again, I really Especially like to thank the donor that made this event possible. I think it was all worthwhile. Thank you


Thanks for staying with us now. Although activities of different groups that target civilians are definitely terrorism in nature, the attempts of the government in Nigeria to use this label may have created some confusion, especially when political opponents, civil society groups and opponents of the government have also been branded as terrorists. Now, this is an excerpt from the publication by DME Bukola Oyeni titled Terrorism in Nigeria, Groups, Activities and Politics. You can go read them all. Now, the Senate President Ahmed Lawan, in his remark after the bill was passed, said that the bill would complement the federal government's effort in the fight against insecurity when signed into law by the president. He said, it is our belief here in the Senate that this bill, by the time signed into an act by Mr President, will enhance the efforts of these governments in the fight against terrorism, kidnapping and other associated and related vices. Now, we are all aware of the level of insecurity in Nigeria at the moment, the killing, the kidnapping. I mean, we just mentioned a few now when we're talking about it in the news segment. And general unrest, so we are asking how does this terrorism prevention bill protect Nigerians and if it is a smart or is a very insensitive move by the Senate? I don't want to say the other word. Now, please let us hear what you have said. Remember, you can join the conversation and send us an SMS or WhatsApp to<PHONE_NUMBER>3. You can also tweet at us as a ratio after one with hashtag ratio. So I would like us to probably set up, set the foundation for this conversation, right? Who are we going to start with? So, I want to start with you.  When you saw this thing, because for me, I saw it, I said, God, is this not putting the carts before the horse, right? Somebody has just gotten a phone call that we have your loved one and it's either you pay 15 million Nera or nothing. The first thing that raises through your mind is that how can I get this person out of the way? So the person is already thinking, I have to pay this money. Then what the Senate is saying is that if I then pay this money, I, after losing my loved one, will go to jail and I'm not even sure of my loved person coming back, right? Let me hear your thoughts first. Well, I will class it as a sad and unimaginative solution to a very big problem. Let's be fair. Not fair. Let's be clear. We have a problem and this is the best solution that they've been able to come up with. Is it the right solution? There are a lot of factors. I can just say yes, no, it's not the right solution, right? But do we have a kidnapping, ransom and terrorism problem in Nigeria today? Absolutely. Do our leaders need to find a solution? Absolutely. This is the solution that they have come up with. Is it suitable? Absolutely not. You cannot forget even kidnapping adults. You cannot in the face of the amount of kidnappings that we have had in education at every level from children, you know, to old facts and then tell a parent, these parents are past these laws that you will not pay and if you pay, I will pay it to my food chest and you will take me to jail, whatever you want to do. So the fact is, it's not even about your children not being in the country. It is the fact that you are faced with a very bad problem and you are looking for a solution. They've gone down the easier route, which is to target the parents who just want any members or loved ones who just want... Exactly, who just want their loved ones back? So that's one, two, cut before the horse. I like that you said that. What have you done to actually save the problem? Because let's not be clear. The business of kidnapping is booming. Seriously. If you can ask for 100 million, get paid. You can ask for 250 million, get paid. Even on the lower end of the scale, the story, one of the stories we were reading, the man was kidnapped the first time. His family screamed and scrunched to pay 1 million. Paid it, they released him. Then the same set came back and kidnapped him again. Then his family had to sell everything. They had to pay another 1 million. So let's be clear that this business is booming. Now, what is being done? You are deterring the victims. Please, what are you doing to deter the kidnappers and the people? The perpetrators. The criminals, the perpetrators. What are you doing? Now you say, I think somewhere in this law, I saw somewhere that the kidnappers would be killed, right? Is death. There's a condition, no? Death. So, let the condition, let's just say that there's no condition.  No, there's a condition. Now, if I was kidnapped for 30 days, like the woman that was pregnant and everything, and I did not die, nothing happens to the kidnappers. I'm just saying that, let's even say that there was no condition that it was just killed. Please, how many people have you caught? How many of these things have been investigated? If we go right back to Chibok, which is the oldest one I can remember. You know, it's not even the genesis, but that was the most public one that we can remember. Yes, one of the first public ones. Who has been held responsible? Who has been caught? Even the kidnapper that was eventually caught, Evans, what happened to him? So, as an entity, as a nation, we have done nothing to stop the crime. Then we go after the victims and say that is the way that we are going to stop it. I only have one word for that and it's unimaginative. When you start to read the story, as she was saying, as she was reading the story, she was getting more upset. The explanation beneath it is not even that lives are being lost, not that Nigerians are dying. It is that we shouldn't appear on certain lists when it comes to financial acts and crimes. Now, let's even come to the financial aspect of it. We have put in laws against cash. We have a cashless policy. We have talked about BDN, NIN, all the various ways in which you can identify Nigerians, right down to tying the NIN to the phone line. We still cannot follow the money. Don't forget that someone actually said that they know these kidnappers. They know where they are, but they cannot reach them. They are actually interacting with these kidnappers. Let's not forget that. However, I want us to start from this premise. I want us to take this. What is the meaning of kidnapping, basically? What is the principle motive of kidnapping? It is said here that the principle motives of kidnapping are to subject the victim to some form of involuntary servitude, to expose him to the commission of some further criminal act against his person, or to obtain ransom for his safe release. Now, the Senate is saying that we should not obtain some sort of ransom, or we should not pay the ransom for the release of our loved ones. Safe release? Safe release of our loved ones. Why? So is it okay for us to lose our loved ones in the process of having this? Uti has already said most of these things. And what are the preventive measures they have put in place? What is the root cause of kidnapping currently in Nigeria? Unemployment, lack of education, or low standard of education. What are the other things that we can take into premise? You know, it just costs across border, poverty. And it is in everybody's faces. A lady walked up to me yesterday and said that she had not eaten. I had to give her some money for her to feed herself and her family. Now, is food, would you be happy to see somebody in that kind of dynamic?  But when you talk about poverty, the sad part about that poverty is that when you hear how much they sell a human being for, you remember the child that we were talking about? 5,000, 8,000, 20,000. The child that we were talking about at the school at Omole.  And again, it is not, we can't kid ourselves. The election season is upon us. And it seems like this thing has just quadrupled, right? The cases of what we're hearing. I was going to come to you Nama, because again, somebody laid an allegation that the truth is that he thinks that this is a good move. It's a good move. It's a because government, parastate how they've been paying ransom. So interesting that even happened was that there was a time somebody was kidnapped. And the government actually claimed to have paid 800 million. Only 30 million got to the kidnapper. Kidnapper begin the events. Come bring us with you. So the 800 million they paid, only 30 million come to me. That no, this is this, you know. So even within, there's a lot of insincerity within. Because again, they're saying that in quote unquote, on the line gist is that this bill is supposed to be targeted at government bodies paying ransom. Because it is now a business, right? You'll pay. I'll tell you that I have written there that what we had to pay for the ransom was 800 million.  So who is to blame? Which is his point that the kidnappers are known. Yes. Yes. They are known. I was just going to be, I was, while Issy was talking, I was reminded about the voice notes that we heard and how the person that was narrating his story said that this is beyond just kidnapping, that there's some kind of confound, the system going on. And then you brought out the aspect of profiteering. And it seems from what we can see that there are people who are benefiting from this system going on. Because when we hear, like you said, the amount of monies that are going to this is enough for you to put up a bill, quote unquote, to stop the profiteering from this situation. But my question is at the end of the day, who is benefiting? The young boy who attempted to kidnap some people for $5,000 an hour. He doesn't even know that when these people are going to take these things, they're going to sell it at a much higher... Of course, they put it up. The kidnappers usually will say that even if they don't pay your ransom, we're not going to lose. Because guess what? We're going to dismember you. Stephanie was dismembered and parts of her body was taken away, for God knows what. If it's about ritual killings, there are people looking for livers. There are people looking for kidneys. There are people looking for arms and legs or whatever for rituals. So who is profiting from this experience?  Because the level of insensitivity and insensitivity that some of our so-called policy makers present in their bills. Sometimes it is so disheartening. And that's why we have been crying time to the number for people to open their eyes in 2023. Your elections, the questions that you're asking the people who are going to be making policies on your behalf. And not focusing on just the executives. There's so many aspects to government. It's not just about the presidency. There's different aspects that continue to affect you and I as citizens of Nigeria. You can't make a bill. You can't try to pass a bill that you're not thinking about the people. Uti rightly said it and it would literally she took it out of my mouth. Because at the end of the day, these are victims. How are you sorting the problem of terrorism in Nigeria? The sitting government had promised before they came in that on top of the list is to tackle terrorism and insecurity in the country. And this is how many years down the line. It seems like it's becoming worse.  So people are beginning, it's like the business is even booming more because these are the people that are patronizing these terrorists. At the end of the day that they're booming and asking, having the audacity to ask for millions and billions and then people want to save the lives of their loved ones. If they had to scratch, that voice note said that literally it was some group that came, literally came to that man's aid to scratch out whatever it is that they could come together, some church members, family to be able to help. So how are you being sensitive to the need, to the cry of now that people are losing loved ones? I was reading up on the write-up and to date we have about 87,903 people who have lost their lives since we started talking about terrorism in Nigeria and these are the ones that are known. You are not talking about the people that are missing. You are not talking about the ones that have never been found. So this is beyond just putting out a bill there just for profiteering. Okay, let's take a break because the phone lines are buzzing. We'll take a break. We'll come back right now to open our phone lines. Stay with us. All right, so if you just tuned in, it's our ladies night out and we are discussing terrorism, prevention, bill passage and we're asking is it a smart move or a very insensitive move by our Senate, right? Please let's hear what you have to say. Remember, you can join the conversation. Send us an SMS or WhatsApp to the red one. 80384663. You can also tweet at us at Weissho, AFK1 with the hashtag Weissho. Our phone line is now open. You know the rules. Turn off the volume of your television set. The number to call is<PHONE_NUMBER>9. Let me come to you. You see, you know, about many years ago for our area, now robbery, the rain, all of a sudden it now shifted from robbery to kidnapping and kidnapping at that time was for expatriates. It now became now, I mean, if you are going back to Binin for instance, you're coming from abroad.  You dare not not because... Don't flaunt your... Because they'll kidnap you. That was how it started. And now it's everywhere. But let me hear your thoughts to see.   They used to give you food, so...  We don't say you get this money.  It was based on information. And they don't hurt you.  But these days, there is no empathy. There is so much insensitivity in the process of doing it. They beat them. They torture them. Did you see how he tricked them? Let's take a course. Sorry. So the amount from Baati, thank you for calling your life. Thank you, whoever. I like to talk with you. The same emotionally, or if you know they are not torture them, they are asking for their life. And those leaders, if you realize the situation is better. Thank you. Thank you, Suleiman. So please, for those calling the WhatsApp number, you can't call us on the WhatsApp number. Call the number on the screen. That's the number to call for calling in. Somebody has been buzzing the WhatsApp line. So I don't know how to respond to Suleiman. No, Suleiman makes it valid. It makes a valid point about, but you see the truth is, you can only put this being in place when every other thing has been put in motion. Exactly. Which is why we say that it's unimaginative. You've said we all know. I mean, which of the school kidnappings was it that they asked them to buy motorcycles? What for? It's the same perpetration of the crime. So the reality is that we understand that the problem exists. But what are you doing to stop the problem? What are you doing to... What have you put in place? Because there are so many aspects to kidnapping. Right? There is the terrorism side of it. You know, what's happening... And there's the money side. Then there's the money side of it because it's not every point. Like you said, some people are kidnapping and it's about body parts. There's all sorts of... It's become quite lucrative. So let me take Peter from Benin. Then I'll come back to you, T.  Thank you for calling. Good evening. Hi, Peter. Thank you for calling. Yeah, good evening. When I heard about this bill, I don't laugh in my heart. It highly affects me. It's hurting me. Because it's paramount responsibility of any responsibility to get the protection of your life so that it can be closed between the old and the new. Now, we have this slogan that came on the U.S. military terrorism. It came from America, and it was through Richard Nixon during the regional culture of the U.S. business. Which I don't think that there is a mix of artists from within now. That's how we can implement that slogan of the U.S. military terrorism. Even the U.S. government, which are using our media to spread the American-American influence, they still make initiatives in terms of through the back door. If the international community is going to call back China, 30 days now over 160 people are seeing him in the bush. So we have this freedom one would say from reliable thought that she has been in there that he needs a doctor in two days to be revived with a lot of luck right now. If you know, if this bill comes to pass now, I would not say that people the government will never negotiate with China. They will probably never have to go through the hands and say, you know, bring the government to negotiate with China to be freed and not won. We wait for what is, maybe government to provide security. Is there security to a reasonable state? That's when you cannot say that it is there is a matter of policy that you don't negotiate with the military. I don't like putting the cat before the house in this country. It is very funny, highly sensitive and wicked, wicked law that you want to bring into this country. Thank you very much. Thank you. And the thing as far as this third reading, go ahead. Peter has touched where I was going because you now talk about the fact that there are many drivers the real one is money. It's the economy. We're not just seeing which is why we see what's happening on poverty. We are just seeing it in the increase of kidnapping and ransom. You just said it with you. Even crime, breaking and entering, breaking cars, all these things are on the increase. Why? People must eat if you are hungry. Anyhow. Anyhow. And that's the reality. So there are many drivers for this problem. So when the government just comes with a bill that targets the victims for the worst of reasons, for the worst of reasons, about the impacts for the country, sanctions, whereas we are already living a hard life. I'm telling you. What are the sanctions going to add to it when people are dying like chickens? Let's take a call somewhere for Mota then I'll come to you. It's easy. Thank you for calling. Hello, Wendy. Hi, Samuel. Oh, ah. The book is over. Thank you. Um, um, on Tuesday I said we are mad in this country. We think I'm joking. Nigeria is just a joke. We have goats, sheep at the leader. Ah, Samuel, take it easy. I'm telling you, the goats and sheep are the leaders at the leader. No, take it easy. If these people can feel the power of humanity, they will know the power of God. They will know it's not even easy to take over from one place to another. We are... Oh, sugar. Somebody is asking a question that what do you do? And I want to come to ESEE on this. What do you do for the people that kidnap themselves? Which is why? Because because kidnapping, there are so many aspects like what we are. It's very profitable. So there were people that, you know, kidnapped me. They were called and they would split the money. So how do we even start to dissect the same? Because there are people that genuinely are in big trouble. Well, some people actually just say, you know what, let me just feign these things so that because it seems to be lucrative, I can get something out of it.  Now, in a situation like this, that child should be held accountable. When they find out, right? Yes, of course. That child should be held accountable.  You should go to jail. The child can go to jail, can face the full wrath of the law. But if the child is not up to, is a minor, that is where you have to look for ways to discipline that child appropriately so that it doesn't occur again. Now, the key thing about this is that I will come back again to value. How was that child trained? What are the people, the children, who are the people that the child is exposed to? Wait, wait, wait. Let's not even go to value. Why would I even feign a kidnap in the first place? I want to think on that question. Let me take you on, guys, old man. I'll come back to you. Think on that. No, no, no. Youngest old man, you're alive. Yes. Sorry. Yes. We are very deep. Yes. Absolutely. This girl was rich because of her life. They gave birth. They gave birth and they allowed her to try to live. They fed that child to the dog. They fed it to the dog very well. She's mad. Yes, she's mentally. Thank you so much. So it's really sad. So that's why when I see bills like this, it's like you're making light of people's pain. This is jeopardy. You have given me a problem. I have a problem. Somebody that I love so much is under somewhere. I can't even tell what's happening to that person. You don't tell me that if I eventually pay this bill to release the loved one, I go to jail. Are you guys even understanding the situation? Aha. That was the place. It's not making light of it. It is a shift in perspective because I understand what that person could be going through. When I want to solve a problem, glass half full, glass half empty, there is a solution that says I drink the water. Or there's a solution that says I pour the water away. It depends on how thirsty I am. So at this point, look at the way the story was couched. It did not speak of the death of Nigeria. No, the lives of Nigeria. It talked about it from the perspective of the country, the international laws, the sanctions, which again is not a bad thing. It's not. What is that what is most important? Thank you. So perspectives are key. So I love the way we've couched it in the sense that Youngest Old Man said there is a sequence of events when you show me that security is important to you. You have taken steps and measures to improve security. You have taken steps and measures to show the criminals that crime doesn't pay because I will catch you and I will deal with you. I look at the other drivers and I look at the economy, I look at how to put money in people's pockets, I look at how to employ people, how to educate people. All of that is emotion. Then you come and say, well, I've done ABC. So it's not on us. Now if you choose to pay ransom, I will now face you because you have now become part of the problem. But you have not touched the problem at all. Not at all. Even money, actually print special money where people can be traced. It can be traced. One of those things. You've not put in any measure. But I think we have a caller as our final caller for the evening. Then I'll come back to Isi and them. I'm going to hear your final thoughts. Quickly, let's hear what you have to say. Yeah, somewhere. Let me give you my solution. I see this deal. Can you first of all apologize for calling them ships and boats? Don't apologize because you're left off. Ah, okay. They're not ready. Go ahead. Is it there? I think we've lost. Okay. So Isi, let me hear your thoughts. My thought is this. They should profile solutions first, which is what he has haped on. Prefiring solution is not about us going through the motion of just lip service or saying that we will do this, we will do this. But we should see the actions being taken place so that first, we should work with the fact that we have individuals who are not educated. We should work on literacy. We should work on the greed and the mindset of Nigerians. We should work on providing jobs for Nigerians so that if this profiteering or whatever doesn't grow beyond what we currently have. And the fact that we have individuals who are who have been traumatized by the experience of being kidnapped. When the young man was talking and he was describing the description of how the ladies were being raped and I just couldn't take it. It is quite seething for me to take in. So if we have like an anti-kidnapping sport that would be trained to actually go in there, get individuals who have done this and hold them accountable. Hold them accountable. I think yes. So we can say that the government has done their part. Which they haven't yet. Let me hear your thoughts. Before I share just a few words I have a comment here. Good evening ladies. I think this is one of the insensitive bills passed by the legislature. Why not a bill on a governor of a state that cannot handle security being impeached or some for the president? Why will it be the masses that are supposed to be protected bearing the pain? In 2023, we should elect people that really understand issues and can contribute intelligently and profile solutions. These bills encourage citizens to be kidnapped and family leaving their loved ones to be killed. We should encourage the citizens to get PVC and vote rightly. That's from BC. Thank you BC. But just to conclude I think I would want to beg our legislation to have a heart. When they're considering this think about your mothers think about your daughters think about your sons think about your your fathers it is because of a sense of a lack of consideration that's why we always have this mentality of not in my backyard so because it's not happening close to me I don't feel the pain I don't know what you're going through they kidnapped a son of yours I don't know what that feels like so I cannot empathize towards the victims I don't know what can be okay for them to pass third reading you can imagine when they begin to have a heart in their considerations when they begin to think as citizens of Nigeria if this was affecting me directly what would I do you know what if they refuse to have a heart for all the people let me say my own we can take them out getting well educated when it comes to your governance the governance structure in Nigeria so that if they refuse to have a heart like normal we take them out and put people that have a heart if those ones come again their head is not correct we move them out and it's like that so there has to be a system we get the right side of people now remember something Evans was arrested in Magudo there was a lot of fancy who is the police again that is going to arrest him again arrest him answer the name his name doesn't come quickly to mind who do I know you know the answer why are you calling me why are you calling me why are you calling me why are you calling me because he knew that he was few years down the line Supercop is being injected for being a drug peddling drugs and whatever and being part of the system my point is that even the people that are supposed to be part of the security architecture because you cannot tell me that these kidnappers our police and our army our military and our army they do not have the money to fish those people out they do not have a cut in its so-called percentile share because this thing is very profitable do you hear how much they take for ransom money so if we are ready and we are serious people before you come and pass a bill to say you want to arrest me and put me in jail for 15 years because I had to go and pay ransom that I do not have because mind you most of us don't have this ransom we have to sell things to go and pay the ransom before you say you want to come and arrest me can you please make sure that you have all your eyes and gross on your teeth you have to go to government security wise then you can come to me and tell me that yes, if you go ahead to pay that ransom I will jail you the first thing you will do is to go and meet the special escort to say you know what my person I just got a call and they will take you from there on that note we arrest our case I arrest my case thank you Noma, thank you Isi thank you Riti, I am using me to calm myself and thank you Uwa thank you to everyone that called and tried to call the phone is tearing me, sorry we can't take the calls now before we go and show you follow us on Instagram is that we show Africa you can interact with us further drop a comment and more importantly follow all the engagement on social media like share invite your families and friends to watch the show if you miss this our quotes today here it is again one of the greatest disillusions in the world is the hope that the evils in this world are to be cured by legislation this is one to almost read, I didn't say it so just want to think about that quote very well we will see you guys tomorrow at 8pm to bring another great conversation to your screen enjoy


Hello and welcome. So, as I had mentioned in the last lecture, we will look at first a methodology that extracts optimal solution by adding one more unknown to the system of equations so that we still get a square system and we can get an exact solution. We will also try and see how this is ensuring that we are getting an exact solution despite adding an unknown. So, let us begin. So, let us begin our discussion on an optimal solution strategy that makes use of this particular aspect. And let me first make a mention that the technique that we are discussing goes by the name of Lagrange multiplier concept or Lagrange multiplier method. As the technique name suggests, it was suggested by the famous mathematician Lagrange for solving mathematical optimization problems where you have objective function and you have also constraints. The Lagrange multiplier method is that which adds one extra unknown but the feature is that it does that in a consistent manner or problems that have equality constraints. Here, let me also make a mention that many optimization problems which have constraints can also have what we call inequality constraints that is less than or greater than kind of constraints. The Lagrange multiplier is specifically suited for problems where the constraints are in the form of an equation or an equality. Now, in order to understand the philosophy, let us recall the basic fact that a solution will be optimal at a point if and only if all the partial derivatives of the objective function are 0 at that single point simultaneously. This is a mathematical requirement that all the partial derivatives must go to 0 at a common point so that that particular point becomes an optimal solution. Now, we make use of this requirement to extend the methodology and say that if I can also satisfy the constraint exactly at that same point along with the equations that I get from partial derivatives then the solution that I get at that point will also be exactly optimal for the constraint optimization problem which means if I did not have a constraint and if I had only n partial derivatives then my optimal solution would correspond to that one single point where all the partial derivatives are driven to 0. The same logic is extended to say that in the context of a system which has n plus one equation which contain n partial derivatives and one equality constraint. If I can satisfy that equality constraint also at the same point exactly then the solution is also exact under the constraint and this is the basic philosophy of the Lagrange multiplier method. Now, in order to do that we take recourse to the concept of constraint error which means we define a parameter that will represent the error in the constraint at multiple points and so that this error actually becomes 0 only at the point where the constraint is exactly satisfied and that point also is the point where all the partial derivatives are driven to 0. But in order to do that we have to have a reformulation of the problem. The reason is that now the solutions that I am talking about must be sensitive to this constraint error. So, which means that while generating the partial derivative my formulation must be sensitive to the changes in the error in the constraint as the solution evolves. This can be done in a very very simplistic manner reasonably elegantly by augmenting the objective function through the addition of a term corresponding to the constraint error along with an additional unknown which is commonly called a waiting factor. So, which means that I define a constraint error we will see how this can be done then I give a weight to that error and now this weighted error I add it to the objective function. By doing that you will immediately realize that whenever I take partial derivative of the objective function the augmented objective function partial derivative will not only contain the effect of the basic objective function but also the constraint error and because of this it is possible for us to then solve for n plus 1 unknowns simultaneously under the constraint that all the errors at the optimal point will become 0. We will see how this is going to be done. So, the additional unknown or the waiting factor that we use for the weighting the constraint error is called the Lagrange multiplier. It is a scalar quantity which is multiplied to the error quantity and this is treated as an unknown and it acts as a weight for the error due to constraint. Here it is worth noting that if the error actually goes to 0 then no matter what the value of this parameter is the objective function will be exact and we can also clearly see that exact optimal solution will be obtained when all n plus 1 equations that is n partial derivatives and n plus 1 constraint equation are exactly satisfied in an equality context. So, let us now see what kind of formulation we are going to get when we are trying to solve a constrained optimization problem. So, as you recall we had given two scenarios in the context of multi-stage rocket design. The first one was that we would like to maximize the burnout velocity for a specified payload constraint or we would like to maximize the payload for a given burnout velocity constraint. Let us now see what will happen to these two scenarios from a constrained optimization point of view when we make use of the Lagrange multiplier and add the constraint error. So, let us recall the two expressions that we have seen earlier regarding the mission payload fraction pi star and the mission ideal burnout velocity v star. As we can see both pi star and v star are functions of the stage payload ratio pi i s which are the design variables in the present context. Let me again mention here for the sake of completeness that the number of stages n is a parameter. The epsilon i the structural ratios are again going to be based on selections that is going to be done through a separate exercise. And similarly ISPI which are the specific impulses corresponding to the rocket motor will again be selected through a set of available values based on the overall purpose and the available database of such propellants with the design agency. So, pi star is a function of pi i s and v star also is a function of pi i s. These are the two relations which will alternately be used either as objective function or as constraint which means if I use the pi star as an objective function v star becomes a constraint and if I use v star as objective function pi star becomes the constraint. Let us now define what is mean by the constraint error. So, let me go back to the previous expression just to give the basic philosophy. If you look at these two relations which can either be used as objective function or a constraint then if we are looking at this as a constraint then the equality relation tells me what is the constraint. Now, if I take for example the ln pi star relation and if I take the summation on the right hand side on the left hand side what I get is ln pi star minus this summation equal to 0. So, I am saying that as an equality relation the right hand side becomes 0. Now, I say that this particular condition will hold good only at one specific point and not in a general sense. So, that the expression ln pi star minus the summation i equal to 1 to an ln pi i is nothing but my constraint error in the state is the overall mission payload fraction. Similarly, I can take the right hand side expression of the velocity to the left hand side and it becomes v star plus g naught into the summation and that represents the error in constraint due to velocity. And now what I will say is that this is the error term because if it is nonzero it obviously means that my pi star is not equal to the sum of ln pi i's and similarly v star is not equal to the right hand side and which means that there is an error. So, in a such a simplistic manner we can now talk about creating a formulation that we use these two expressions alternatively as the constraint error. So, we define e pi as ln pi star minus i to the power i equal to 1 to n ln pi i or error pv equal to v star plus g naught summation i equal to 1 to n is pi into ln epsilon i plus 1 minus epsilon i pi i. Now, we are assuming that everywhere else this will be a nonzero quantity indicating that until you reach the optimal solution as defined by the n partial derivatives. So, please note the n partial derivatives where they go to 0 at a single point that is the point at which I would also like this error to be driven to 0 which means now I must connect this error to those n partial derivatives. Let us see how this can be done and for that as I had mentioned we will first define what are called the objective functions which are augmented as shown below. So, now I define an objective function h pi which talks about the objective of pi star as sum of ln pi i i going from 1 to n and to that now I have added the velocity constraint error through the Lagrange multiplier whose symbol is lambda. Now, let us just look at this objective function which is augmented and immediately you note that if the constraint error goes to 0 the objective function will be exactly for pi star. So, there will be no error in objective function and if there is no error in objective function all my partial derivatives will be exact so my optimal solution also will be exact. Similarly, if I look at the second function for V star here I take the velocity expression of minus g naught and the sum and to that I add the constraint error due to the mission payload fraction again multiplied by the same symbol lambda and I call this h v as the augmented objective function for velocity and similar to the previous one we note that if the constraint error due to the payload fraction goes to 0 the velocity objective function will also be exact. Now, the next step when we look at these two augmented expressions it is clear to us that the partial derivatives of above function will not only contain the partial derivatives of the objective function but also the partial derivative of the constraint error. So, the equations that we are going to get the n equations corresponding to n partial derivatives will not only contain n design variables that is pi 1 to pi n but will also contain lambda as the n plus 1. So, the n partial derivative when we generate it will contain the n plus 1 unknowns in n equations what we will do now is that the n plus 1 equation is nothing but our constraint equation in the form of an equality relation. So, we will say that those n plus 1 variables in n equations are related to each other through the constraint relation which fixes the n plus 1 and that brings us to an important point that the Lagrange multiplier lambda or the weight is actually coupling all the design variables this coupling is resolved under the condition that the constraint is exactly satisfied so that we get a constraint consistent solution. What it means is that when we satisfy the constraint exactly the constraint error goes to 0. The moment constraint error goes to 0 the solution of constraint equation directly gives us a solution for lambda which then says that this is the value of lambda for which the constraint error goes to 0 and if I substitute that value of lambda into the remaining n equations which are from partial derivatives which also say that all the partial derivatives also go to 0 we will be able to directly solve for n values of pi which will be the exact solution under that constraint once we get those n values of design variables we just use them to obtain the stage wise mass configuration along with the total lift of mass. Thus to summarize the constraint optimization technique based on the Lagrange multipliers is found to be adequate for arriving at the best possible stage payload solutions. Of course we note that we need to solve for one additional constant in order for us to incorporate the constraint high. So, in this lecture we have seen the basic philosophy as well as the formulation aspects of defining a constraint optimization problem using the Lagrange multiplier approach in which as you have noted we make use of the constraint error as part of our objective function and then create a set of n plus 1 coupled algebraic equations in which the coupling parameter is the weighting factor lambda which is evaluated from exact satisfaction of the constraint. Indirectly we know that if we satisfy the constraint exactly then we will have the exact optimal solution for the given problem. In the next lecture we will now see through an example how this particular methodology works and what are the nature of solutions including their features that are important for us to consider. So, bye see you in the next lecture and thank you.