I also wanted to ask you, how did kale get so popular? I don't know. I have no idea. You know, I think someone figured out that it's pretty cheap and it's actually pretty good. So Chef's just went crazy with it. And yeah, it just had its moment. It really did. It was cocaine, then food culture, and now kale. The expensive chicken. The free range chicken and then the kale. And now the kale. Yeah, that's how it's exactly right.


Cats aren't as big or scary as dogs. However, there are a few cat breeds that act like guard cats, though. Typically, this is due to innate instincts to guard their territory. They don't like anyone they don't know entering their space, which may cause them to act as guard dogs in some cases. Typically, these breeds can't be trained as actual guard animals, but don't be surprised if they exhibit some territorial instincts. Manx cat Manx cats are known for their taillessness, which resulted from a rare mutation hundreds of years ago. Not all manx cats are born without a tail. However, most of them have a reasonably short tail. A manx litter will have kittens with many different tail lengths. These cats are often known to act similarly to dogs. They can play fetch and will even come when called. They are quite intelligent and very loyal. Often, they tend to be protective of their family and territory, making them exhibit some guarding behaviors. Burmese cat Burmese cats are somewhat similar to manx in that they act like a dog. They are incredibly social and intelligent. Many establish close bonds with their owners. They aren't necessarily territorial, but they are highly loyal and can be protective. This may cause them to exhibit guarding behaviors. Burmese can be taught tricks like a dog and is often considered one of the friendliest breeds around. Abyssinian cat These cats are rare in the States, but it is possible to find them from a breeder. These cats love to explore and climb. They are decently active and love playtime. Many will even play in the water and listen readily to commands. They also enjoy cuddling after they've been worn out, though. This breed is known for following their owner around the house and asking for attention. They can be pretty vocal for this reason. They are one of the more intelligent breeds out there as well. Kimrick cat This loyal companion makes a decent family pet. They are exceptionally protective and territorial. Some are even described as growling similarly to dogs. They don't like their personal space being invaded, which can be an issue with children. Younger cats who are exposed to children tend to do fine, however. They are known for being energetic and playful. These cats can also be somewhat of escape artists and are known for their ability to open doors. Hello. This video is sponsored by Beemix Pets. Are you looking for high quality cat collars at an affordable cost? Check out, BeemixPets.com. Use coupon code KittenLife, to get 20% off. Egyptian Mao cat You probably know the Egyptian Mao most for their loud vocalizations. While this cat is quite loud with their family, they can be a bit wary of strangers. They are similar to some dog breeds in this way. They are known for fear-based aggression, which can work well if you're looking for a guard cat. They often don't like strangers coming into their space and will act out against them. These cats don't even like strangers to touch their toys or food, which is where much of their guarding behaviors come to the forefront. Bengal cat This feline isn't much of a domestic cat at all.  This breed is exceptionally dog-like. They are known for being social and alert, though it does take them a while to warm up to their owner. They do not get along with strangers very often. They can feel threatened when someone intrudes on their territory, which can make them aggressive. They are probably the scariest guard cat on this list, which is half the guard cat's job. If you're looking for a cat to truly guard your home, this may be a suitable option. Kaurat cat Best known for their silver hair and large eyes, this breed is easily spooked by loud noises and fast movements. They aren't recommended for homes with children for this reason. They usually don't like strangers very much either. In most cases, this translates into aggression, though it is fear-based. They will hiss and growl around children and some strangers, especially if they are on the louder side. Turkish Angora cat This breed is ideal for older families, though they do get along with children as well. They are known for being affectionate and intelligent companions. Unlike many other breeds on this list, they do make suitable companion animals to families. They display lots of dog-like behavior, especially their love of play. Many of them will even take part in games like fetch. They are usually friendly with strangers, but many are also protective of their loved ones. They make great family pets because they quickly adapt to different situations and environments without getting stressed. If you enjoyed this video, kindly press the like button. Also don't forget to subscribe with notifications on, so that you don't miss out on videos like this. Thank you for watching.


Kunama na dada ame to kezi anasima kwa mba Nto to anam? Toto wa Chira! What's up guys welcome back to SPM Bars my name is Shekwa Gita we are right here at rainbow resort in Rero for the memorial service of the late Brian Chira we have with us Mr. Obidan Della Karebusananda niya S.P.M. S.P.M. bananya kitambu Andu giyangu pali butitab tu kifanya Ilikwa nituwa stage presence media tu kifanya pali Tu kifanya pali Kampasua Kidoa kiwangadrevoa lori Wega kikidoa li wangadalikwa nasyanga yutifra kina bebabitu S.P.M. miitwa kambali sana S.P.M. liyanda ilikwa trafanya Kampasua Abutita ofkosa The first time by that wengi wajui Abutanda wali ni host kwa ketu kwenakina umuami Akatwachia Inyumasa butitili kwa nikama klas Ukena klasu wa menda klasu Muna bai kwa nyukwa klasu moja So butita bediali tu hosting sana Anda thanks so much to butita bana Nimsana kwa menee inspire and buy and buy asana Actually piya tu atwingu kumpera sana Jokuzangu za butita ni bile sa Za putresana kwa gaza Giza giza sana So ni bile zikuna giza sana Giza namanisha ni ni? Zataka watu intelligent Zanda ni zile But I really love that brother Anafanya kutupua sana Beze stage presence media liyanda Kama Kampuni events Naka Kampasua That was stage presence media Ya yo teme tengu lukuna fanya kazi na Ulu kwa nambuwa yam ulu kwa nani wakati Ulu kwa nambuwa kifana wakisi yagi But just in case yu lukuna uliza SP Ami namanisha ni Ami namanisha ni ni Stage presence media Ya, that's SPM buzz Ya, ya, ya I'm very happy to grow I create employment I am very happy for butita This was the Inil kwa ide ya kiktampu sana But at least I am one of the biggest vlogger I used to be a rice piya But butana mi tina raila Nani ruto kama bile mu mi tina Nalanlodua ngu Kila siku bana Kwa mami SPM tutafungo ofisi pale Bede piya pale status nuna SPM Amami na UNX Bede mi na ataka ni ambi Our president, our able president Raisu Ajamuru Akenya Dr. William Ruto Nomba director of status communication Jameni Patiya butita Butana disabi o kazi And then piya wutukama blackout Tukawa ni experience Right, maybe Obidant Kwa paivi kwa shubli ya memorial Ya Brian Chira Labda, of course, me kona kumitenda Umaranyingi yukimzumumziya Brian Chira Please tell us the first time Are you got to know Brian Chira The first time I knew the brother Ni after Ali Fanya Ele I witnessed the accident Mi Fanyaika, my name is Chira Brian Chira And it is very unfortunate To that piya tupi mpa taza kwa accident So Chira from that time Pia So that time piya li kwa close Na tiziya na tiziya na tiziya Na doza time li kwa nikiho shuangu Tiktokia therapy session So li mamba me hachiwa Ntaka kujet therapy, na kujapalitu na ngenawet Ntaka kukanda na kwa nyemasaj So piya kuna dimwa tiziya na mba li kwa me hachiwa na tiziya Na so alikwa ntaka therapy Soanda so li kwa datu dimwa tiziya And liko maa chuwa na tiziya na because of Brian Chira So even utulia za kwa close So then it was like everyday taking a live Na nene nene na nene We created the bond And in that minute akaka kujakashiku na aziad mamba na At least kuna tamuwadi na mba zali fanya And they were defaming wads So under that time akaka shikuwa And then we were like Everyone went quiet, everyone was against him And kiseima that e Chira chia shikuwe chia fungu And I used my account And I created awareness that you guys Let us support Chira And that's only support Chira So that was the first time That was the first time Fizikali? Fizikali aparenti liko na problemit daily Obi niko tawu kwa api na kama E nisha toka, obi kwa api na nene na nene Kujan kwa besti angles kama So later ma li shikuwa bana liona Like it was very urgent I thought that it was cloud chasing But it was serious And I'm very happy That I was there when he really needed me Chira liko na penamaisha So it was very urgent And it was very urgent So the last time It was on Thursday I'll come in text And give me your number Like to text you And I was like I waited for that text I waited for your call I wish you could pick me up Because we were planning to go For a court station on Monday Because I'm the one We were planning to go We were planning to go So there was a court station on Monday The next Monday The next Monday We were planning to go That Friday morning we went to Mukiya So I went to the news Chira kufa Chira passed away I'm still in denial That I lost my brother We had great plans We had great memories I was looking for what to create Many more memories with him But I never had that chance But the little time I had to interact with him I won't say that His memory still lives with me For the short time What is that one thing you really miss From Brian Chira Braio no lemu se mone Alapena life Ya juangi I decided to save do Ya kijualo no kujibama Aki kuchokozama Aki kukere Ya uji amola na polo jambe Bro manze polo ni ni ni And I really know what to mone If Chira never mention What to mone What to mone If you are not true If you are not true If you are not true to him If you are not true If you are not true If you are not true But no more to kukwa palimo Ajivan giganda during his birthday Kukwa palila keiki Naka fajashopi And I like to keep that memory alive Even after biro I'm planning three weeks to come I will go and do the same In memory of Chira A lot of things have been said After Brian Chira lost his life One Kuna storyam chiango Right now I think it's over 8 million na nija mwa mwa mwa maolo lima eza kwa ibuwa lot of debate pa libo kwa ni mi chandao Siduri una se mani ni? Chango, ofcosa, first of all, people should not blame us, I did my part better big up to Nyako, eh, Nyako Nyako Nyako, Nyako let mi give you roses when you are still alive Nyako ali saide Chira Sana, and I'm the one who made Chira met with Nyako Miraculously, nile me Chira niaji 20 lunch, ni kubei lunch And the place where I went to buy Chira's lunch, that's where Nyako was And he was like, eh, hobidan, usini Chira metokapia Wait a minute, guys, eh Chira sumekon doko na Chira ni ni ni Aga wambia atokini na bradha Nyako Kidogo And then Nyako we had a closure and he was like, hobidan manze How was the progress with the court? Do you have lawyers? Will Azad atakubali apology? And hobidan, Arushwa ni kisedia Chira, atakuja kuni betrei Hobidan, Arushwa ni kisedia Chira, atakuja kuni betrei And I was like, eh manze, manze, manze, sedio boys Coz that time Chira li kwa entaji Sana, Sana shelta Chira li kwa very, very unstable Akua settle akiliyake Uda pata boksia kiko kawanguare Mara ke tekes juiko kareo bangi Mara vestekes juiko gizurai So Chira li kwa museyana move, move court Nomadi kipaso So we kafili Chira saizi Everyone was like, I want to be with you Because the best time is that Why can't Chira stay alone? Why can't he have his own place? Inuakia mukasubuia jiyo nafakupikachai Teran engage main diyake Na jiyo lo nafakufua And engage main diyake And that was the best, best approach Nya kwa li fanya, it's possible Nya kwa doa li sedia Chira kapa tanyumba Eben ifa li changawa to me is a platform Nya kwa li elevate Chira From one point to another I will never cease to say that Nya kwa li transform Mi li sedia Chira ngampeleka apa Nya kwa limpeleka another level Coza limpatia gifta, zakam into risk Kwa watu, kam sedia ni ni ni Eben ifa takama li kuji Atna those time that Chira li komazakutukana nyako Nya na jiyo alia mbawa li kwa sana Wana insist Chira tukana nyako We know those people But Nya kwa was like How can we talk to this boy Manda mpeleka kutini tana Coza nana ribia jeen And I was like mum to li atu And maybe nakuwa misguided So under That's the point that Nya kwa ka take a distance Coza people felt that Maybe Nya kwa na spoil Chira Coz yu kusai diyo Kuni ni nanini But Nya kwa really love that boy And Chira pia li kwa na pera nyako sana Even that place And the people that were there They were saying that Eh Nya Chira was just talking about Nya kwa Nya kwa Nya kwa Nya kwa live Nya kwa tani nanini And Chira I'm very happy that I'll make peace Nya kwa akiyo hai Of course kuna sana Mwada people mwa luwaka lefeka Bati pia lim sedia I don't have to say The relationship with Chira But at least I'll kwa there That's all I can only say for now So I pay some money Me changu wa Me pay some money Me changu kusai diya Shoshua kia bayu enyumba Na jengewe Me my idea was that Given a chance me ninge sema Ma zishi kwa suspended Kama tani one month Chira bayu enyumba zigo kwa shamba ake Na shura kia jengewe enyumba kwa o shamba Bato kukakwa nanda plans Mwada kuka kia me kata Kumbari ni ni ka dili dali Bato me ninge penda sana Chira aziko kwa shamba ake Chira seizo ni milionia bro bro Chira Ueni milionia seizi bana Uera milionia in kenya bro Uera milionia in kenya Me naka nyambetu wa atu Sidi ya atu Sidi ya atu ake kuhai Me ni kusho Chira ngeke Sama enyimu ganda itia Wato hivi atu ake kujya Kasa paivitu me ona atu ake Omipi tia elfu Wato pa ni kama zidi elfu kumi Omiku ya pevi kushu diya Bato Chira wa atu wakum Sidi ya kuhai Na miwa namboli Umsidi na waju Kuna soho even na Nonimas people mbo Siltu waku with them Walsidi ya Chira So people should learn Also to give credit to deserves Nyako alisidi ya Chira Sana, Sana, Sana Sana Obidyan one last question Let you go Nimesu kia kuna proposals Zakunem that area Where a brand Chira Lost his life Iyo bara bara Nasu kia kuna plans Mbia kunem that road after Chira Ya so the plan is that I'm driving that That's my agenda And Chira is still talking in me Kus I was planning to do that on Saturday Sana ni kafil Ni kama taku wa nanfutan Onia ya apa apa No na So ni kasema that Let me hold back Let me relax After mazishi me isha Guys trust you me Na takadru Chira's accident Pale Pale ni me parara Witness wengi Sana Kuna pia mama monye Baka seseko Amerika Alifunjikangam guku Bara-bara Anabado kuna chuma kwa Komgu So watueng Sana Palo me kufengu na momia So ni kasema right now I don't want to say that I'm trying to compete With the arrangement of the burial I want this burial thing to end Then mi monye Mi monye This will be my effort That is all about children In the community Not children in the show show So mi I want to run this initiative I want to run this initiative that Where can we have Breedya Chira Alright Thank you so much Obidan for keeping us updated And also for standing With Chira Man si watuengu alifunjikang Si watuengu alifunjikang Mi pia mediumu likuwa po Pia likuwa kutini Huwa houtu luwona No People are not Watu wa ku takelesi Watu wa ku takelesi Watu wa kutu kule Katisira likuwa nitajim sayadaen Only few people came Mi na likuwa pano Obidan Obidan dela Kuntiangu wikianda Wama waka ni toka Bagiftas waka ni toka Buta I'm very happy This is the fruit of what I did Alisa plani the seed Enga maybe kudasa Mpipu mba watu wuna Plesu wa kupanda But me I'm very happy And I know Plesu Tira Akwa na bambika sana Then next time Tafatali wa Kenya Muki tu eventia all white Ya meni kama unim tu mwa Osu survive tuza waitu Juba kachini Apo atu inga Muku jwa na kama Shumamba zo zimezima Sela zemwa tuwa Fosu mgo zahaitu Nintia mgaise dikonemi machandaise Ya Tira This was my origination Tira kwanza pebinim Kenya Bana That's the flag He's a happy person Happy and smiling This is a katuna animation Then Numa one of his favorite Yes Kama wewa siyo pesa Uwezi ni piya stress Hashtag a Tira clan So guys if you want this machandaise Nidie mo tobi dandela Instagram mo bi dandela Plagm namutuangu at 0719 547 953 So guys to remain wa true We buy this machandaise Minasama after this I want to go and do One feeding program Street Kids From what I might able to get from this So that's why one of the way I can keep Memories of Tira alive Because he was planning to do that as his project Ya so atu manze ya musi Tira ni ni bi asha ratu Ya ya ya ya I know his plan I might not be able to do with so many people Coz atu inga kwa close ni Una na so mi really understand What was his plan, mission and goal Ya so follow back atu bi dandela Instagram mo bi dandela Nabe zem pinapa piya YouTube ya ngu Apa piya watu Nekunasuri na kujanazo piya zamjin ni piya So atu follow back Have something that I'll be launching very soon on YouTube Or to subscribe up Thank you so much Obida Yes yes Karibu san Then piya ni kimalizia piya Watu o menulizobida nmbona Why bring us at rainbow resort Guys guys Piya bini merilizobida atu ko rainbow leo And it never heated me that it's all about rainbow Watu alu ko bina nmbona fani event at rainbow Ya so guys at rainbow resort Apa musifikiritina sana Coincidentally tutu kakujapa We are suppose to go at KNT But KNT si kanda reconstruction So that's why we came at rainbow Mimi si ko kwa chami asisi kwa sisi And that's not the intention Ya kukujapa rainbow resort So Obidandela Of course koni mi tendao tume ko Na you have been close to Chira You have been together Atawakati labda atu alikuanga Against him But now That he has lost Or he lost his life Kuna manadada Amitukizia nasi mkomba Ntoto anam Toto achira Also manadada pende ngependa Sana sana Ajo akisi yo kwa nambegu faino So kama nukweli Uemrembo nukweli Yandroisini yabuto Aukunam toto achira mi am very happy Kukuat lisi namto amene za chunga Arame ni itu anko Kama nukweli kwa namtoto achira please Come After the burial We will do DNA So mi albi very happy at least To kisedi achira at least To pate achira at least Peri achira at least peri ikona Generation baita zidi kondalea Bata kama pene soriza Upepo soriza Bunu asia manne soria Juhia 10 million Jame ni jame ni We are losing the focus Bata mi paso ane chira kunyambi Like ashai Ashai pandambegu ko inze Jime bi kama pene lukwa Mr. Sida po inze But I don't want to confirm that But sofa mi akunyambi akona namtoto Bata kama wewe unukweli Nukweli unukweli achira Kama pene DNA I'll pay for the DNA And you're ready to kulea And the transport I'm ready to take care of that kid You're ready I'm ready to take care of that kid So kama wewe ko sho unukweli Nukweli unukweli achira Kama pene DNA Nakama nukweli I'll take care of that kid Of that kid All right Chacha tungo achetu ane Have you reached out first of all To that lady Have you gotten a chance to Nime pige pige usimu Sayana wa twingi About her About her Nidiya mtu Kama onaji pinyo deymane ishi Nia me pinyakondenda kumutafuta Okay Right, thank you so much Welcome, welcome guys


Oh, we're gonna have to do something about that. That's better. There we go. Woo, morning everybody. We're in Davenport, Iowa. Woo, very excited, very excited. Okay, we have just over one day left to get home. So all day today and just a little bit tomorrow, okay? So I'm hoping to make it up to like Fargo, North Dakota today. Somewhere in there, maybe Fergus Falls, Minnesota. So we're close to the North Dakota line and then we're gonna be lining straight north tomorrow and go home. I'm very excited, very excited. It's gonna be a good day. It is hot out today. It's 24 degrees here right now. And at home, apparently it's supposed to get up to 18 today in November, 18 Celsius. It's probably like in the 70s Fahrenheit. I don't know, you guys have weird measurements but it's hot, it's warm. But tomorrow it's supposed to go right back down to cold. So in the next few days when I'm home, we're going to be setting up all of our Christmas lights that I don't have to do it in minus 50. But don't worry, we don't turn them on until after remembrance day. It's just because I live in Manitoba, okay? Don't get mad. Just because I live in Manitoba, I like to get it up before I, you know, lose a couple of fingers in the cold doing it in December. So we'll just put them up when it's a little bit warmer and turn them on later. It's going to be fun though, right?   Anyways, we're done our Thanksgiving. That was in October. But it's going to be a good day today though. Let's do some trucking. We're just going to go down the road and clean this windshield first. Look at Minnesota. And our slogan used to be land of 100,000 lakes. Just saying, just had to one up you a little bit there in Minnesota. Let's say right there. Minneapolis, 102 miles to get to the border. It's been a good day though. Really warm today, eh? Yesterday for you guys. Was it a warm day where you are too? It's November 8th today when I'm feeling supposed to start getting cold again tomorrow. And Central Manitoba is expecting a snowstorm tomorrow. Here where one day it could be summer, the next day it could be winter. You never know. Exit in Alexandria. So I haven't had my afternoon second coffee the day again. I was a little late. Hopefully it doesn't keep me up that night. But we got some time to go yet. I'll be tired by the time I go to bed. As far as I can tonight, because I want as little to do tomorrow as possible. Short drive tomorrow. Oh, it's chilly again. Yeah, we're definitely close to home. Definitely getting closer to home. All right, anybody want to huddle in the huddle house? No? Just me? Okay. Let's get our coffee. Do I have my mask? Yes, yes I do. I still need my muzzle, right? Like anything. By the end of January, you won't need these anymore. So you heard it here first, all right? I am looking into the future, the mask future. And I have this funny feeling that we're not gonna need these by February 1st, 2021. Call me crazy, okay? I might be crazy. I'll acknowledge that, but I know I'm crazy. But that is my prediction. And when I look into the future, I don't know if you knew this or not, but sometimes I like to take a wild guess. It's just a wild guess, just a stab in the dark, you know? You're just throwing something out there, just whoosh, seeing if it'll stick. I'm thinking by February 1st, we're not gonna need these anymore. Let's see if I'm right, okay? February 1st, remind me if I don't bring it up. Around the beginning of February, remind me. Let's see if I was right or wrong. Maybe I'll be wrong. Well, everybody, bit of a short day today, I guess it was a long day for me. But a short video, diesel. Guess what? Guess what? We're going home tomorrow. Oh boy. Oh boy. Yep, you excited? Oh boy, I'm excited too. Wow, I can't believe how excited you are. That's your excited face. Oh, ready to go home tomorrow? I'll see you guys then. Don't forget to subscribe, hit the little bell so you don't miss it. We're gonna make a new video tomorrow.  We gotta take this old man to the vet. We gotta take ourselves home. We gotta check out our new fence around our yard. There's a whole bunch to show you tomorrow. I'll see you then.


The crucial part of any digital transformation is actually a workforce transformation. So you have to keep focused on people development and you can do that on a couple of work streams. So first of all, you need to have a clear programs and clear understanding of what do you need inside the company so that you can develop your internal programs to train the people, keep developing them, and then keep advancing your technology by using your own capacities. On the other hand, you need to partner with local academia community and by becoming their trusted advisor, you're actually providing them the guidance where you would like to be and what are the skills that are needed on that market or on global market so that we can contribute together as the ecosystem, what we are doing. And then finally, it's working together with the startup and academia community where you are actually trying to retrain the people on the market and make sure that there are good people on the market that maybe have some certain skills but you want to retrain those skills so that they become even more competitive. On that way, you're actually boosting up the economy of the whole country where you are actually doing your business, but that's actually helping you to be sustainable and help you also to keep advancing through your innovations and keeping up with the digital transformation. So I think finding the talents is one very important part and I think that the talent pool is usually something that either attracts or rejects the company from the certain markets, but finding the talents is only a first step. Training them and working on a workforce transformation through different work streams is crucial part of success of any company, especially in the 21st century when everybody talks and implements digital transformation.


So, why this format for civil service? Sir, I want to join the civil services because I want to work for my nation. That's my main objective. You want to? Work for my nation. I want to serve the people. You want to serve? Public service is important. And anything else? Anything. Sir, I feel civil services is a great career in itself. It may give you a good career. Two things. What qualities do you possess? Sir, I am a hardworking person. So that's one. I am also very honest. Good. And I think whatever job is given to me, I take it up with utmost responsibility. So, these are the three things which I possess. So, when you mention these things, don't say I am very honest. Just mention I have qualities like honesty. Just say this. Otherwise, I am very honest, you know. Don't use such anything. Say, I have these qualities. I am a hardworking person. I have honesty. Then, intelligence, professional confidence. I believe in rule of law. And I am willing to lead from the front. Do you understand the meaning of it? Yes, sir. That you handle crisis. You are willing to handle crisis. Mr. Gowal. Yes, sir. You know, the meeting was held in China recently on the issue of NSG. And once again, China opposed India's entry into the NSG. Why is that? Sir, it's because India hasn't ratified the nuclear non-proliferation treaty. That's why it's blocking it. That is the only reason? Sir, also because China sees India as its rival. So, it wants to thwart it. Okay. Now, with China, we have been having some problems on various other issues also. What can you tell me about the CPAC and why we are opposed to it? And what is the strategic importance of it for China? Sir, firstly, the CPAC, that is the China Park Economic Order. It is a part of China's Belt and Road Initiative. India has objected to it because it passes through Park-occupied Kashmir, which India considers to be a part of its territory. And since China hasn't actually asked India for permission to build the CPAC to be open, that's why India is opposed to it. Okay, that's right. Then what is the strategic significance for China? Sir, the strategic significance is that it links China to the Guadeloupe in Pakistan, which will serve as an outlet to the Indian Ocean. That's the main strategic importance. So, how do the Chinese not have access to the Indian Ocean now? Sir, they have a strategy called the stream of ports. By using a number of ports in the Indian Ocean, they want to insert the Indian Ocean. No, that's true. That's alright. What I'm asking you is that you mentioned that through Guadel, they get access to the Indian Ocean. Yes, sir. Does China have access to the Indian Ocean now or not? Sir, it does have it. How? Sir, but it's just a way to establish more power over the Indian Ocean. You're right. But what is the route which they have now to the Indian Ocean? Before Guadel. Sir, they have a port in Hambandotai as well, in Sri Lanka. Sir, then in Jitoti also. You are not the answer what I'm asking you. If a Chinese ship has to come into the Indian Ocean, how would it come? Through the South China seas? From the eastern coast through the South China seas? Through the states of Melaka? Then the Indian Ocean. Sir, but it's a lengthy route. That's what I'm asking you. That is the basic reason. That route is a huge route. And this now, Guadel from Xinjiang to Guadel, it is a much shorter route. That is the significance of that route. Now, we reacted very, very strongly when the Doklam incident took place. What was the reason for that? Sir, the Doklam region is a tri-junction at the India-China-Bhutan border. Sir, India reacted strongly to it because it's near the chicken neck corner. That's the issue. Correct. Now, you know, Kulbhushan Jadav, we went to the International Court of Justice. Why did we have to do that? Sir, because he wasn't getting consular access. That's the only reason? Sir, it's also sort of a mutual fight between India and Pakistan. Okay, that too. I'll give you that. But the point is that, you see, they did not give us consular access. That is correct. But the other issue was that, you know, they had a semblance of a trial and they had sentenced him to death. Yes, sir. So, it is because of his sentencing to death that India had to go to the ICJ to prevent that. So, what is happening there? Sir, he's still in Pakistan. No, what happened in the ICJ? Sir, they overturned the death sentence. And? Sir, I'm not aware what the decision they gave, but his action… But still pending. You're right. The ICJ is to take a final decision sometimes in February. I mean, that's what they have announced. But let's see what happens. What are electoral bonds? Sir, electoral bonds are a bond instrument which will be used by political parties to raise money for the election. Okay. So, it was introduced… No, that's all right. But tell me, is there any criteria laid down for a political party to be elected? Sir, he was a vote share for it. If I recall correctly, it was 1% for the votes. Correct. Sir, I… That's all right. 1% recognized political party. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. Aditya. Yes, sir. Your second preference is IRS IT. Yes, sir. Okay. Tell me, after demonetization, whether there have been any improvement in the tax collection, direct tax collection? Sir, I'm not aware of the particular impact of demonetization, but the current direct tax-to-GDP ratio is around 6%. No, I just want to know whether the tax base has widened? Sir, it has widened, but I'm not aware of the exact numbers. You should know. Your preference is IRS IT. Yes, sir. And government is claiming it as one of the successes. Success? Yes, sir. After about 1 crore increase in the tax base. Okay. GST. Yes, sir. What is the GST collection? Sir. If you have been reading newspaper, then the January 1st collection, the government is saying something? Sir, they are saying that it has exceeded 1 lakh crore. Okay. Is GST an improvement over the previous taxes? Yes, sir. So, because it subsumes in lot of indirect taxes. So, that's first. And number two is that it reduces the casketing of taxes. Okay. Now, let me come to something else. This is India, our country, an inclusive country. Sir, a binary answer at CES. Sir, if I have to give an answer in binary terms at CES, though some concerns are... No, you have to be very clear about what you say. Influential has a meaning. Is India an inclusive country? Yes, sir. India is an inclusive country. How do you say so? Sir, there are a number of constitutional safeguards. No, no, constitutional safeguards are different things. You see, whether the society is divided on some lines or varieties, we are all one. Sir, the instances of division which you see in the society, I feel they are just a populist tool which is used by politicians. Be very clear. See, society is divided on many lines, caste, class, religion. Diversity is our very nature. Yes, sir. But there is unity in diversity. Then if I ask you, what are the unifying features, you may say, constitution and other means. Yes, sir. Otherwise it is. But I tell you, some financial influence on measures. Sir, we have been... How many accounts have been opened? Sir, you are not reading that. You are not reading that report. See, your interview is there on 20th February. And government has been publishing it. You know, it has come in newspaper so many times. How it is? More than 32 crores. Oh, one of the major success so soon. Okay. What else? Sir, then you have been... Yes, then? Sir, then you have stand-up in DFO, STs and... So, tell me, what is the difference between the start-up India and stand-up India? Sir, stand-up India is mainly focused on women and transgender people. Yes, yes. Sir, in the start-up India is an umbrella scheme which is focusing on the entire start-up ecosystem. That's the major difference. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, sir. You asked for your choices as ideas, ideas and then dynamics. Yes, ma'am. But dynamics is... Actually, I have changed my preferences since the last time I came here. Okay. But why especially dynamics? Because it's an administrative service and I won't be doing an administrative service within anything else. And it also gives me an opportunity to stay in Delhi. But that means if you get posted outside of Delhi, you won't take the job. That's not the case. It's just one of my preferences. Okay, good. Now, since you're from Delhi... Yes, ma'am. The bridge, you are aware of the bridge. It's considered one of the green lungs of Delhi. Yes, ma'am. But the green lung of Delhi is getting depleted both in terms of Florida and Ghana. Yes. What are your views on this? Now, I think the major reason behind the degradation of the bridge is unplanned urbanization. Delhi is going at a rapid pace. Yes. And besides deforestation, it's going to make room for industry. Yes. These are the major reasons. And besides, we also have the nuclear pollution. They've cut across the bridge to meet the roads. Yes, ma'am. That's also causing a problem. Yes, ma'am. Now, you've done computer engineering. From this, I am reminded of the term Cryptocurrency. Yes, ma'am. What does that mean? Cryptocurrency is a form of... It is a digital currency, which is, say, Bitcoin. Bitcoin. What is Bitcoin? Then Bitcoin... It is a cryptocurrency which works on the blockchain technology. What is blockchain technology? Blockchain is a distributed ledger system. Yes. Which is used to verify transactions by using a number of decentralized users. Yes. So are Bitcoins legal in India? No, ma'am. In the last bit, the formidable finance minister said that India doesn't consider cryptocurrencies as legal. Okay. Because one keeps hearing of all these channels and donations to those funds. Now, artificial intelligence. What does the term mean? Artificial intelligence means simulating man-like intelligence in machines.   Okay. So what are robots? Robots... So they... Ma'am, they are machines which are used to automate certain tasks. And they also make use of artificial intelligence. So, is there a difference between robots and drones? Ma'am, drones specifically refer to a class of robots which are aerial intelligence. Yes. So what are the advantages of using drones? And drones can be used to navigate terrain which is difficult to see. For serving, for this is also... And then, for instance, we had a mining disaster in Nicaragua. Yes. So we were also using drones to rescue people. And then they have also been used by Amazon in the US for delivering goods. Thank you. So drones can also be used for spraying water for production which has just been used in Thailand. Okay. So do you think all these technologies such as artificial intelligence, the robots, the drones, they will make a job space in India? I think they will... they will displace the unscathed labor force. And in turn, they will create the most skilled jobs. They will create the most skilled jobs. You also worked with Amazon. Yes, ma'am. So lately, there were some directives regarding Amazon. What happened? Now, we, the DIPP issued a checklist in that a new vendor in an e-commerce marketplace entity can't sell on that marketplace. And number two, it said that an inventory of a vendor would be equally controlled by an e-commerce company if it sells more than 25% of its sales through that entity. And then it can't carry out e-commerce transactions through that entity. And besides, it has also told e-commerce entities to maintain level of pain through the 25% vendors. Which also means that if I order something to take my cake up to a week to get delivered, normally it would get delivered in 2-3 days. Is that correct? I mean, I think it will impact delivery times. It can impact discounts but not delivery times. Because that is the logistical problem. All right. Thank you. Thank you, ma'am. Mr. Goyal. Here a lot of details about the mechanism. What is this concept? Sir, I have not heard of the term. Corporate department? Sir, I have heard. Okay, tell me. Corporate, if federalism means the different federal minutes of the country, that is the states and the central government, they must cooperate in working with... But what is the mechanism for entering this corporate division works? Sir, there is a GST concept. So, that is one instance of corporate federalism. So, there are also various interstate councils, zonal councils. So, these are the key mechanisms. DTIO? Yes, sir. Do you think that the all India services can also play an important role in corporate federalism? Hardly because of corporate department. Yes, sir, because the offices from all India services are in different states. So, they can come together and coordinate the issues which are in the respective states and work with the center. What is the size of idea? GDP. So, it is in terms of billion years, billion dollars. So, it is around two trillion years, probably. More than that. And where is India pressed in the hierarchy of zero to six? Six. And we are left to go yes, sir. So, we have mainly provided UK to become the fifth largest company in the world. What are the major sectors that go into GDP problems? So, we have the agriculture sector, that is number one. So, number two is the industry. Number three is the sources sector. Can you tell what percentage is contributed by each sector? Sir, the agriculture sector contribution is around 15 percent. Industry is 28. So, in the that is 57 percent is services. Over the years, it has also changed. Yes, sir. Sir, what has happened is the contribution of manufacturing is large and the contribution of agriculture in GDP has been overtaken by services sector. Okay. Two, three days back the unit budget was preserved, right? Can you mention two or three innovative of the first areas of the budget? Sir, first is agriculture. So, there is a new stream by the name of PM Kisan. PM Kisan Samadidi which will give a direct cash transfer. Sir, first mention these two or three. PM Kisan. So, then we have your pension for an organic sector worker as well. So, then three is income tax which one you consider from the other point of view more phenomenal and even the charge you would like to support this. Sir, I would say PM Kisan. Why do you think so? Sir, I think it's a step in the right direction. The universal basic income has been noted by a number of economists as a future step to reduce agrarian distress and I think in the future we can also deal with the unproductive subsidies and that amount can go into this. It is based on GDP. Yes, sir. So, I think there won't be liturgies to that extent. Thank you. Thank you, sir. You have got some top honors in your school in maths and chemistry. Is that correct? Yes, sir. So, name some top Indian mathematicians. Sir, Raman Mujer would be one. Askaracharya Aryabhad. So, what was Aryabhad's contribution? Sir, he's credited for the invention of zero. Zero. Aryabhad is credited with zero. Subway Indians, though it's not debated. Is there a Nobel Prize for maths? No, sir. There's a Fields Medal. Fields Medal. Also some Abel, IPA. In chemistry also you did. So, what's the Nobel Prize winners in 2018? Sir, it didn't happen because of the news. Subway was related to synthesis of enzymes. Yes, sir. Now, LG and Delhi government. Yes, sir. There's a constitutional scheme under the constitution provision. What is that provision? Article? In 3988. So, Supreme Court gave some judgment last year about it. There was a lot of controversy. K.G. Walgerman was making a lot of protests that LG was overriding their powers. Yes, sir. What was Supreme Court's verdict finally? Very in two, three sentences. So, the Supreme Court verdict was that the LG couldn't refer every matter to the president. So, in the second point was that the representative government of Delhi doesn't need to put forth every decision before the LG for the purposes of deliberation. So, those were the two main points out of this. And which areas are exclusively the domain of LG? Sir, there are three areas that public order and policy. It's good. Then, last year Delhi government brought out a budget and they were making a lot of publicity about it. That they have allocated substantial percentage of GDP to health and education. How much have they allocated? Sir, in education it's around 19 percent. And health is around 14 percent. 14 percent. Now, one year, almost one year has passed. Do you find any improvement in these two areas? Sir, in health we have Mahalaya Phoenix which are being set up. Sir, in education I have seen various news reports which have highlighted that the infrastructure in government schools has improved. So, these are some of the ways in which the expenditure is paying for the updates. What is really a solar mission? Sir, it seeks to generate 75 gigawatt of solar energy by 2022. Sir, 100. Yes, sir. Total 175. 100 by solar, 75 by other like biomass and wind power. How much have we achieved so far? How much are we producing? Sir, I am not aware of the exact figure. But I knew that the solar was 24 or 25 gigawatt. Now, you play, you watch football. Yes, sir. Most people watch cricket. Why do you watch football and not cricket? Sir, I think football is highly competitive. I see. So, you just have taken... So, what are your new champions? Sir, France. France? 2018 FIFA World Cup. Where is Croatia? Where is Croatia? Sir, it is in Europe. Where in Europe? Sir, it is towards southeast. Eastern Europe. Eastern Europe. Alright. We close the interview here. Thank you, sir. You have improved quite a lot. I am very happy to inform you. Now, I would suggest you know we gave you the guidelines last time. The same guideline went through today. Except that some new developments have taken place for instance the budget. Yes, sir. Now, some questions were asked on budget like GST, income tax, etc. You were not able to say. My suggestion to you would be that you prepare yourself. I will say you take two papers of 2nd of February. One Indian Express, one Economic Times. See, in one place you have got all this GDP ratio. How much the income tax has increased and small things. And don't forget, these are very small things. As you were told for almost 6 crores last year it was 5.57. Now it is 5.98. Those are the number of tax payers we see. So take a look at all this and this will help you a lot. Yes, sir. Look at the constitutional issues on this. Where are you from? Delhi. There are other problems in Delhi. There is a law in order. There is protection and other things. You need to see these things. Please read it. I am sure you will do it. Sir, you say sometimes questions are asked from facts. Because you don't know. Look, you have so much time. If you don't know, then you don't know. But you still have time. I can't read it. Sir, what do you do in that case? Do you smoke? No, I would say you say I am sorry. I am sorry. I can only make a guess. I am sorry, I can make a guess. But I don't have seen it. Go to the facts. So then we will ask for something more. Yes. Okay. Thank you sir. Thank you. Don't forget to like, share and subscribe to our channel. And press the bell icon to never miss an update. Thank you. Thank you.


Hello, everyone. Welcome to my talk. Today I'm going to talk about a different way to design automated market makers in a way that hopefully is going to capture the MEV that currently is being lost to miners and other parties. So I'm Therico Giaccon, and I'm a smartphone developer at CalSwap. CalSwap, by the way, is an online exchange that protects you against MEV. So what is MEV, or maximum executable value? Currently, block builders have the responsibility of updating the state of the blockchain. So how is this done? By including, excluding, ordering transactions in a block. And for this, they get paid transaction fees and rewards. However, there are other ways that you can use to get money out of the block building process. So one very common attack is called the sandwich attack, in which a user transaction is exploited to extract MEV. So let's say that a user is creating a transaction once included in a block to sell on an automated market maker 100 E for 100,000 USDC. So as is usually customary, there is an extra slippage added in case the price moves between when the transaction is created and executed. And normally, it shouldn't really matter. The user should take the expected price. However, the point of sandwiching is actually using the slippage against the user. So how does it work? The block builder creates two transactions, one before and one after. This first transaction buys USDC and moves the price of the AMM to the minimum that would be accepted by the user. The user trades anyway because this is, according to the slippage, still valid. And then finally, the block builder can sell back the USDC at the new price. Basically, this is a safe bet for the block builder because a state update is controlled by them. But that's not everything there is to it. So now we have talked about an issue for a user transaction, but we don't need to have a transaction to have MEV. One new mechanism of structing value is called loss versus rebalancing. And it works more or less as follows. So let's say that we have an AMM on-chain, and its state is currently, well, we have a market price. What we need is more or less equivalent to 1,400 die. This could be any market price, not necessarily on-chain. So it could be, for example, a centralized exchange anywhere. And let's say that at the same time, an AMM is willing to give 1,400 die for one eat the same price. Sometime passes, no transactions occur on-chain. However, the market price change. Unclear Y could be some centralized marketplace that change the price. So suddenly, there is an arbitrage opportunity that can be exploited. So the AMM doesn't know anything about the market price, but if you can execute the transaction and you're guaranteed that it's going to be finalized, you can take this arbitrage opportunity. And this is more or less the essence of loss versus rebalancing, the different information that the AMM and the market has. So if the AMM had perfect information, the AMM would be very happy to use the current market price. However, this is not the case. And this money loss is basically the cost of providing liquidity on an AMM currently. So important to note, this is also that this is not impermanent loss. So it doesn't really depend on the relative change in value of the two assets in the AMM. This was, by the way, part of recent research by Tim Raffgarden. So there are related papers. Eventually, I'm going to give you more information. But that said, how can we avoid this? So let's actually try to build an AMM that captures MEV. So we start from any AMM, let's say a constant product AMM, like Uniswap. And on top of it, we create a mechanism where we can auction the right of executing the first trade on the exchange. So there is going to be a so-called lead searcher, which is the highest bidder that is going to take the right to execute the first transaction. As we see, this is a good way to capture this LVR. And the important thing here is that the proceeds don't go to, well, go to the liquidity providers. And this is the MEV that otherwise would be extracted by miners. So how can this actually work? So to do this, we simply say that no user can trade until their lead searcher has actually traded first. So you can see if the lead searcher actually trades, then all the transactions go through. Otherwise, if the block is reorganized differently, then the trade reverts. Naturally, this requires cooperation with the block builder. So the idea is that the block builder is aware of the concept of the AMM and orders everything accordingly. However, there is an incentive that is needed. And the incentive would be the gas used by the transaction. If the transaction reverts immediately, it's going to use less gas. And in particular, this would help the miner having an advantage. The block builder having an advantage on the MEV auction. So let's analyze some costs. So first, profits. The profits are estimated to be $9 per block. How are they estimated? So the Eden network is a network that works in a fairly similar way. So it also auctions off the right to the first slot in a block. And this is more or less the profit that comes from the Eden network, which is comparable to our structure. The costs are estimated to be $3 per block, which is basically the extra gas cost to enforce the rules that we just decided. And this is based on 40 G way gas price. However, it would be much lower in L2. So already, with this simple scheme, we would have a theoretically captured MEV of $6 per block. So I also want to point out that even if the extracted profit now for the AMM is $6, in principle, it could be much higher. So in this graph, I wanted to show the average block reward comparing flashboots, which extracts MEV, and other parties which don't. So you can see in the last two months, it's actually fairly consistently 0.1 ETH reward more, which is actually about more than $100 per block. So this is actually a fairly large amount. And it could also be extracted with different mechanisms of AMMs. OK, so in conclusion, we have that AMMs have hidden fees because of MEV, both for users and for liquidity providers. In current designs, well, these fees go to arbitrage and block builders. However, we can do better. And we can try to design our AMMs in a way that distributes fees differently. And this is what I hope to transmit with this stock. So all of this is working progress is being worked on. I would invite you, if you are interested, to join the discussion. And please, any opinion is welcome. If you are building an AMM, please extract all the MEV. And after this, thank you. And thank you again. Thank you.


You are listening to Make Change Happen, the podcast from the International Institute for Environment and Development. The narratives and language we use to tell stories in the development sector can perpetuate racism and racial stereotyping. In this episode, our guests discuss work being done by IID and others in the sector to promote anti-racist and decolonisation agendas. Hello and welcome to episode 18 of IID's Make Change Happen podcast. I'm your host, Liz Kalar and I've been very honoured to have taken part in the last 18 conversations with partners, colleagues and friends as we've unpacked all kinds of issues across sustainable development. And if this is your first visit to the podcast, you're in for a great discussion with today's guests, but please also take some time to listen to others. I think it'll be worth it. Sadly, this is my last episode as host as I'm leaving IID, but it will be my huge pleasure to join the ranks of our regular listeners for future episodes. So I'm truly looking forward to that. Today, we're going to be talking about a challenging issue around how narratives we use to tell the stories in our sector can possibly perpetuate or probably definitely do perpetuate racism and racial stereotyping and how easy it is for language to exclude people from the conversation. And in IID, we've been doing some work to review our own narratives and to develop a framework that can help us and we hope others to explore that, but there'll be more of that later. I think to start this episode off, it's worth thinking that for people in countries across the global south, long history of struggles against racism and colonialization and lots of ongoing work to promote anti-racist and decolonization agendas. But that work's been going on and until the killing of George Floyd, which acted as a kind of tipping point for the development sector to step up, that work's been going on in the background. And what we're hoping now that is it's become easier and safer to talk about racism and coloniality in the sector. You know, BLM was a trigger for that. And I think we need to make the most of that. In this episode, we're going to be looking at and reflecting on some examples of how development organizations have been looking at this and responding to the BLM movement and to think about some of the intentions that they've set out towards becoming more anti-racist. That was a longer introduction than usual, but I think it was an important one. But even more important is for my guests today to introduce themselves. So let me go straight to Impo de Pella and ask you to say a little bit about yourself, Impo. Thank you very much, Liz. My name is Impo de Pella. I'm the Executive Director of Youth Unlimited Network, which is based in Botswana in the southern part of Africa. It's basically an organization that coordinates the work of non-profit-making organizations that are youth-based in Botswana. Thank you very much. That's great to have you with us today. Thank you. And Mariam. Hi, my name's Mariam. I'm the Head of Communications at Bond, the UK network for organizations working in international development. If you haven't heard from Professor before, we are a membership-based organization. We have 400 NGOs and think tanks from across the UK, and they're all of lots of different sizes. So from small organizations like Advantage Africa, the Calico Trust, Build It International, to larger, medium-sized organizations like Oxbam, ActionAid, and Save the Children. Great, thank you. And Natalie. Hi, my name's Natalie Lartie, and I work for IID. I'm the Advocacy and Engagement Manager, and have been doing some work around this issue of looking at inclusive and anti-racist narratives in the international development sector. Thank you. Well, welcome to you all, and we're really looking forward to discussing this today. I was going to kick off with you, Mariam, because I know that Bond has been working to develop tools and resources that help NGOs to really become actively anti-racist. Can you tell us a little bit about what you've been doing? Yes, of course. So, as you said, Black Lives Matter and the tragic murder of George Floyd had many issues about racism, power imbalances across, obviously, the wide world. But within the NGO sector in the UK, it was a real moment of reflection. And though we know that this conversation has been happening around, you know, how to tackle racism, how to make our sector embrace values around equity, diversity and inclusion more widely, it's undoubtedly been put much higher up on the agenda. And it feels like there's a real moment where we can push forward some real change so that the way we work is much more locally led. And what I mean by that is rather than it being the case of organisations based in the UK flying into other countries and, you know, doing development or humanitarian work, it's very much about working in solidarity with both the communities, but also the organisations that are part of the countries that we actually work in. So it's much more about using what's there in a way that makes sense for the people that are there as opposed to us kind of pushing what we think needs to be done in other countries. And as part of that work, Bond's been doing lots of work to look at NGOs and the various ways that we work, be it via communications, fundraising, advocacy, programming and unpacking how we work in practice right now and looking at what evidence exists across the sector and beyond about how to make how we work much more locally led. And so what I mean by that is things like, for example, fundraising. How can we make sure that when we're basically trying to pull more funding into projects, we're actually looking at what needs to be done from a community locally led perspective and getting more of that money directly to the organisations and people that are on the ground to the as much as possible, because these sorts of changes make a real difference to make sure that actually what we're doing is what's needed and is being driven and led by the very people that we say we're trying to support. So there's a whole range of issues. So how did you get that consultation going? You know, how did people get in on the conversation? How did you how did you get that feedback in a way that you felt was was truly representative? Sure. So so the piece of work that I've been leading on at Bond has been looking specifically at language. So and the reason why I started by just talking about the wider remit of what we're working on at Bond is because it's really important to say that communications language is one component of the bigger picture of what we're trying to do here, because the reality is communication sometimes can hide a multitude of organisational sins when it comes to anti-racism and decolonisation. If you're not getting your practice right as an organisation, your comms isn't going to save you and nor should you be thinking about it in that way. So the language guide that we've been working on basically unpacks words that we've been using on a day to day basis. And it's an internal document for Bond. So it guides all of our communications when it comes to advocacy work, but it also dictates how we speak to, you know, stakeholders like people in government or, you know, other NGOs or the letters that we write to the Foreign Secretary on various issues. And also just the words that we use when we're talking about, you know, projects and the advocacy work. And when I talk about words, what I'm meaning is that it's things that we always felt uncomfortable with, but we still carried on using them because we hadn't had this conversation about, like, why don't we actually just stop using phrases that we're uncomfortable with, like beneficiaries or like capacity building or empowerment or, you know, what does global Britain actually look like without putting it in quotation marks to make it clear that that's not our phrase. That phrase belongs to somebody else and it's very politically loaded. So just really addressing some of the things that we didn't feel comfortable with, but also going through a process of consulting both colleagues across the sector, but also, more importantly, groups of membership organisations that exist around the world, you know, phrases like Global South. That was one of the really interesting conversations we had around that, but also World's poorest people and experts. These are words that we throw about, but actually it's important to check ourselves, but also check with colleagues around the world to see what their reflections are on these phrases that we use and whether they actually think they're appropriate in this day and age. It's really interesting. I'm wondering, Mariam, what type of response have you had since you started choosing to use alternatives to some of those words? I'm hearing you saying expert and capacity building in Global South. And I'm just really noticing that there are words that are part of our bread and butter. They're real stock phrases that we rely on. And I'm just wondering how that shift in language use has been received. It's a really good question. At the beginning of the consultation process, if I look at, you know, the rounds of conversations that we had with NGOs in the UK. And I'll go to kind of the consultation process with colleagues around the world afterwards. But it was interesting because there were lots of questions around whether this would mean that we would no longer have access to government because we were no longer speaking the same language as them. Or would it be problematic when we're filling in kind of bid proposals? Because again, like some of this language was dictated by donors. And what we found in practice is actually it caused no issues whatsoever. And what we've actually noticed is in the latest international development strategy, some of the language shifts that Bond has been pushing for internally because we've not been telling our members or anyone, you must be writing and using language in this way. We've just said, this is what we're doing. If this is a helpful resource, feel free to use it. But what we are seeing is people are actually using it. And in terms of the feedback that we've got from colleagues in other countries, it was really interesting because you really understand the power dynamics that are inherent around language as well. So in some contexts, there have been lots of thinking that had already been done and, you know, lots of resistance to words like beneficiaries.  Or some of the phrases that you're using are actually inaccurate. You should use these terms instead. So that was another type of feedback that we got from colleagues that we were working with via membership organisations like Compala Initiative. They were fantastic at both bringing their expertise because they had been working on this for years, but also giving us access to civil society groups that exist around the world that had already been doing a lot of this thinking. Could I bring in Mopo here? Because I think this point around how language can be chosen without consultation or on behalf of different groups, you know, might end up with labelling that's inappropriate or offensive. I mean, it's quite interesting. It's like, who gets to choose the language? Mopo, tell us, I know you've been working with deaf people and people with disabilities. You have lots of experience in this. Can you share some thinking on what you have found? Absolutely, Liz. When language is chosen without consultation and like you said, like on behalf of certain groups, it really results in labelling that is discriminating and has negative connotations towards the people that were trying to help. So I have worked a lot with people with disabilities, particularly the deaf community. And I can tell you for a fact that they find certain words very offensive that are used in programming. Words like hearing impaired, they feel like those words mean that that damaged and they need to be repaired. So they would prefer mostly just the term deaf to say, I am deaf. Do not say I'm hearing impaired. I am deaf. You know, words like people living with disability. It's very offensive to them because they're not living with the disability. They would prefer to just be referred to as disabled or people with disability, you know, words like marginalised populations. What does that even mean? A lot of times we say marginalised populations and it gets lost in translation when we are now in programming. If you don't unpack those words at the end of the day, you don't even know who you're referring to. Instead of saying marginalised people, maybe one could say, when I say marginalised people, I mean people with disabilities, I mean people in less urban areas. I mean LGBTQ communities, you know, instead of just saying marginalised, because I find that, you know, blanket terms are highly inappropriate. And, you know, usually they would really, really exclude the very people that you wanted to help when projects are now being implemented. So I think it speaks, doesn't it? Very much to Mariam's point about, you know, kind of who does get to choose or making sure that we speak to the communities or the groups of people concerned when, you know, labels or language comes up. I mean, did you find in your organisation that, you know, you found good ways to do that? Or was this something that people were resistant to in your organisations? What sort of response did you have to that idea? Well, essentially, we would always try to include them in our programming because a lot of times they would say nothing for us without us. So we always try to include them in those conversations so they can be the ones to say, no, you don't use words like that because we find it offensive. Yeah, no, that's good to hear. I think it's a it's a practice we should get better at, isn't it? Absolutely. Natalie, I mean, maybe this is the moment where you could say a little bit about, you know, the work you've been doing and why we chose to do this review. Because I think we I think you sort of drove the motivation for that. But I think we were keen to kind of take this opportunity to have a bit of a deep reflection. Yeah, thanks, Liz. So at IED, we have really built on some of this work around language and some of the challenges with language in international development, storytelling and we've started to look at actually how we frame the stories that we tell and what world views and perspectives get prioritised when we tell those stories. And we decided to think about that work in relation to racism and anti-racism because of the bigger conversation that was happening nationally about issues of racial injustice globally.  And as you can imagine, writing is a real core part of what we do. It's it's part of our kind of DNA. And so starting to think about how racism does or doesn't get perpetuated in the Institute, but we decided to start by thinking about our narratives and thinking about the stories that we tell and and how they do or don't perpetuate issues of racism. And I suppose we really thought that we wanted to draw on the knowledge of others that have been working in this space before us. So we actually partnered with an academic who was a Global South academic working in the UK. And what we were able to do with her support is find out what are the Global South scholars already seeing and identifying in terms of the racist narratives that are present in development storytelling. So we did a literature review to really try and understand what is being said in this space already. And there were six kind of different dimensions, I suppose, of racism that these scholars, when we really went through the literature, these scholars were pointing towards these kind of six different dimensions of racism that they felt already being played out in development storytelling. So we really use those to think about how we were framing our work. That's good. Did you did you find that those kind of pointers in the discussion with colleagues, did they make sense? Or was that was that a difficult conversation? Did people get to that quite quickly? Yeah, that's a really great question. I mean, the six dimensions were some of them quite common. There were things that we know and talk about already. So we talked about savourism in storytelling and we talked about exclusion and this idea that some people's voices are not being heard and some people are not choosing to tell their stories. So they were quite familiar, but there were some other dimensions of racism that we used to do this narrative analysis that were quite new to us and they were really interesting. We had two dimensions, one called being colorblind. That was really to say that in storytelling, within the international development sector, we really avoid talking about issues linked to race. We might avoid racial descriptors. We might avoid talking about ethnicity, but we also avoid talking about racial injustice and oppression. There was a second dimension that was all about neutrality and how politically neutral we are in the international development sector, particularly in lots of our storytelling. And actually, with that neutrality, what we've done is avoid having conversations about colonization and about these extremes in wealth and poverty that we tackle and their historical roots in colonial exploitation. And so those two dimensions together, we found that they really actually worked together to kind of culminate unintentionally in a narrative that really denied the role that racial injustice and racial oppression plays in the big critical issues that we work on around global poverty, issues around food or hunger, climate. So that was really interesting. And my sense is that staff were really keen to understand more about this. We talked about Eurocentrism. That was another dimension also quite well known. And we talked about the white gaze, this sense that we look at development work through a kind of a prism whereby we're kind of positioning white Western culture in the way that we organize our societies, for example, as something that's preeminent and maybe the ideal way of organizing societies. And we look at other cultures as being lacking maybe in the way that they organize their societies.  And I think one of the really interesting things we found is how saviorism kind of sits alongside or on top of that white gaze. So I think all in all, there was some quite familiar concepts that we used to do the work and some new concepts. And people were really keen to kind of understand them as separate dimensions and understand how they work together. That's really interesting. And you can see they're quite challenging. The silence is as big as making noise, isn't it? If not bigger. I mean, I'd like to, before we go on to that sort of question around the kind of white gaze and the positioning, do we see problems the same, which I'd love to ask you about and Poe. I'm just going to ask Mariam, did from your work around the sort of developing tools and the consultation with people, did what Natalie's just said, did that resonate with you, with your experience? Yes, it really did. I think one of the things that really struck me when we were doing kind of our round of consultation process was also kind of the issue of, but again, it's the power dynamics around feedback, but also this idea that there are lots of colonial undertones to the way in which the sector works that actually colleagues in countries might not even be aware about. So there's also a responsibility for organisations to own this problem and this agenda and to ensure that our colleagues are part of the solution, but don't assume that when we've been excluding them for such a long time during the process of developing things like funding proposals and how we do bids and how we do our comms, they're not necessarily going to know what the solution or the answer is because they don't know what they're being excluded from. So there's almost a bit of owning what we've done wrong in the first place and then going forwards and rectifying it through consultation with our colleagues in other countries. I wanted to ask you about that, Unpo, because I know that your experience is quite specific here. Do people see the same problems? What the challenge of kind of global North organisations pursuing the kinds of work they want to pursue, are we consulting enough? Are these the same problems that you and your organisations consider to be the problems? I'd love to hear your thoughts on that. Well, personally, I'd say yes, we have recognised that problem, but it is more like the elephant in the room that needs to be addressed because essentially the Global South receives funding support from the Global North, right? So you will have calls for proposals that are put forward, but they're already predetermined. So it really becomes a bit of a problem because when the narrative is pre-shaped for the Global South in terms of focus areas, you will have predetermined focus areas to say, this call for proposal must specifically focus on one, two, three. Like say, for example, if it will focus on gender-based violence, it will be very specific to say, this call for proposal is for gender-based violence focusing on women and girls. So I'm just thinking, what if we want to change the narrative and maybe focus on the perpetrator, look at the perspective of the perpetrator as part of the solution? Would that be a problem if we look at a boy child as a child as opposed to looking at the boy child as a man who has just committed a crime? Like if we start doing that and changing that narrative of predetermined focus areas, would it be a problem? I think it would. So with these focus areas or thematic areas as they're usually referred to, they're very restrictive. So we always ask ourselves, like how do these organizations know this is a problem that needs addressing? Like really, how is this a problem? Has there been consultation? It's really difficult, Liz. It's really difficult for the Global South to really now criticize or openly challenge because they need the money, they need the funding. So they really just run the risk of biting the hand that feeds them, so to speak. So it essentially kind of promotes systemic racism. So I'm just wondering, is the Global North aware of this problem, which is maybe a different topic altogether or a conversation for another day? So really to answer your question, I think there is a lingering problem that really needs to be addressed. I think it's a really good thing to say here. I think on some level, I'm sure global North organizations who work in strong partnerships with people and I would put IID in that category. I think we are aware of the uncomfortable bias of that kind of donor journey, but what I think is important and perhaps something we haven't got a handle on and maybe is what Natalie said around this sort of look at development work through that prism of kind of white gaze. And there's a difference, isn't there? There's a subtle difference. And Natalie, I don't know, do you have a sort of all you marry and do you have a sense of that? I know that you marry and two have been doing thinking around sort of funding proposals and how people can be fully included in the process. But this balance between inclusion of voice and ideas, but in the context of white gaze, there is something quite complex there. Yeah, maybe just to come in on that Liz, I think that when we do work around language or narrative change, it can sometimes be conceived as work that sits quite clearly in a communications space, but actually a lot of the language that we are exploring have quite detailed concepts attached to them that are really critical to how we program. So for example, just building what MPO was saying, the concepts of gender and the way that we understand that when we do development work is a very Eurocentric kind of way of understanding gender dynamics and gender issues. And while I think we're evolving that, we're moving away from seeing gender as something that is predominant about women and girls, we're moving into this space that's much more concretely looking at gender roles, looking at women, girls, men and boys. In some places where we program, that very idea of gender as we understand it in the Western world, it just doesn't always translate, but we are trying to program still without having, I suppose, an idea of the fact that there will be a cultural difference one of the things that I hope we can start to think about is that we can't program in a cultural vacuum or program in a way that is a bit tone deaf culturally, just bringing a white Western culture with our language and our concepts and kind of pushing that through people, communities, countries of a very different culture that might conceive of that work in a very different way and still hoping and imagining that we're gonna get the type of impacts that we need in order to make the changes that we all collectively want to see. So I think that this issue of language and framing and narrative, it has another side to it which is really closely wedded to practice. And that definitely came up for us at IIED when we talked to staff about narrative change. We always slipped into conversations about research and programs as we work on becoming more inclusive and driving an equity message through our narratives. We'd also see similar change happening in practice and in research. I think what a lot of this leads to is just where are the kind of safe spaces or platforms for discussion around language. Poe, I think, am I right in thinking that you're not so sure that we do have the right platforms that discussions can be uncomfortable? Absolutely Liz. There really aren't any specific or right platforms because issues around language are usually discussed in workshops and on digital platforms, but these are very uncomfortable conversations that I feel need to be tackled head on specifically, you know, not in between other unrelated conversations. So I think that we need platforms that are backed up by intensive and targeted consultation and by research, you know, leading to informed guidance on language that is appropriate and does not discriminate. So we need language that is more anchored on positivity and empowerment. So issues around language are not directly discussed. It's usually really passive and in between conversations and that is a real problem. We can't kind of get to the heart of the issue. I can see it can be difficult. We're getting to the stage in the conversation now where we're sort of drawing to a close and on the Make Change Hatton podcast, I always ask people, you know, what's the change they want to see right now or what's the big change they want to have happen next or what's the single biggest change they think that would make a difference? So I'm going to ask each of you that before we say goodbye. We know that this is a journey that we, many people have started and done terrific work and we know that it's a journey that many more people need to join in on, but what do you think the changes need to be? Maryam, what's the change you would like to see? I think for me, the point that you made around being brave and owning it and I think that's so important. We come to this sector because we genuinely want to do something good and positive in the world. But I think sometimes as part of that, we can be slightly defensive when we're criticized for getting something wrong and we really need to let go of that way of being that I do think exists in some parts of the sector, not everywhere. I think there are some organizations that are doing such incredible work on this, but I think in other parts, there is a slight defensiveness that they're not getting things wrong or there are things that they need to change and that needs to be addressed and owned up to. But also there's a question around us thinking about why are we in this in the first place? Like, are we actually here to petuate our own existence as organizations based in the UK or actually are we genuinely trying to push forward or a world which is equitable and sustainable and actually we don't need to necessarily do the type of work that we're doing right now? So there's a real question around us actually doing what we're saying that we want to do and living our values. And then I think the other thing is just very quickly that you're completely right. We need to be okay with getting things wrong so there shouldn't be any naming and shaming around this as we learn and get things wrong and make mistakes. We all need to help each other out and be forgiving and kind in this process because it is difficult. People will feel uncomfortable saying what they think because they're not sure if they're getting it wrong and as colleagues, we need to be supportive of each other and just help each other along in that process. So what's the next step for Bond then? What are you gonna be focusing on after all this good work? So we were actually launching a guide in a few months time which breaks down all of the facets of being an NGO so advocacy, communications, fundraising and we're looking at what does that look like when we're saying we want you to become locally led? What does that mean in practice for NGOs? Because what we're hearing a lot of is that yes, we really wanna embrace this agenda but we just don't know what it means in practice. So we're hoping this guide that we'll launch in September will help unpack that and again, that's been informed by lots of colleagues through our various working groups that have been looking at locally led and are very well informed as well as doing lots of consultation but it's a live document so it's not going to just finish once we launch it in September but we're gonna continue to update it and hopefully as people use it, it'll evolve and become a much more useful and helpful resource over time and then we've got a conference that's gonna be happening in September called the Power and Development Conference which will again, lots of the stuff that we've been discussing on this podcast right now, it'll unpack all of those different segments to just air a lot of the thinking that exists but also give our colleagues and other countries a platform to once again voice what their concerns are, where they think change needs to happen and where we need to get to on this locally led development agenda. That sounds really interesting and lots to watch out for. And Po, what about you?  I think for me, let's say in about 50 years I would like to see Africa more self-reliant and self-sustainable. I want to see a world where we don't need outside funding because we have created social enterprises for sustainability and we're able to solve our own problems using our own resources. And in terms of next steps for my organization, I think we're going to focus perhaps on creating such platforms where we're able to have uncomfortable conversations and they will probably be both at a national level and district level. So in terms of the national ones, because you want to create a platform where people are able to speak with ease, we're going to be looking at different players and make sure that we include everyone. Maybe we'll have a representative from the public sector or the government. We'll have someone from the private sector, a representative from civil society and the media because you need those messages to be going out as well. And maybe an educational institution for research purposes so that all our conversations are informed and backed up by research. Like I really think that we're going to do these platforms, whether they're going to be in the form of panel discussions or workshops, we'll see how to tailor make them. And at district level, it would probably be consultations like focus groups in less-event areas because you always want to have tailor-made platforms so that people are comfortable in that setting. So it would take a different form for the district level. We'd probably have consultations at Kotlin meetings. Kotlin meetings, that is a genre term. It means a place where people... It's a traditional setup, which is highly respected. It's a meeting place where discussions are made, decisions are made, and people are able to voice out their opinions freely with the silent protection of the Kotlin values and norms. So I think this is very important because it really creates a level of comfort where people are able to have these uncomfortable conversations with ease. So I think going forward from my organization, we're going to definitely create those platforms to specifically address these issues, Liz. Brilliant. That sounds so good. And building on something so tried and tested, and then we'll be sharing the learning for what we've managed to build will be brilliant. Natalie, last but not least, of course, what's the sort of a big change in the next step you're wanting to see? I think that the big change next step I would love to see is having some influential organization and heavy hitter voices in our sector have them build on the work that's happened around language and narratives so far and start to really create alternative and new narratives for our sector that do two things. I think one, it really needs to embrace and be open about the roles that race and power and injustice play in causing poverty and really getting clear that we will have to tackle issues of race power if we're ever to really reach our mandates and have that evolve and come through our narrative and be really live in our language. I think that's one thing I think that our new narratives need to have. And I think at the same time, we really need to make them much more inclusive, really looking at different cultural perspectives, different racial perspectives, writing for very different audiences that come from different cultural backgrounds and getting out of the echo chamber in a way. I think those two things together would be really exciting. And I think we can't underestimate how important it is that influential voices and organizations take up the mantle because we need these new narratives and these new words to have traction. They need to be widespread. And so we'll need some of our big figures in the sector to step in and step up with that. And I think it's going to happen. And on that note, we must say goodbye. I think it's going to happen too. And when I've been listening to all of you today and with your frankness and your honesty and your commitment to this, I think it can happen. And the more of us out there who can buy into that, the better. So it just remains for me to thank you all. That's in Poe to Pala, Mary and Mosin and Natalie Larty. Thank you so much for a great conversation. And I should thank IID for letting me host, Make Change Happen. And it's time to say goodbye. And I hope you enjoy both this episode and previous episodes and future episodes. And just to say that we're having a little bit of a summer holiday from the podcast and we will be publishing again in September. So thank you all very much. Thank you very much, Liz. Thank you. Thanks, Liz. And you can find out more about today's podcast, our guests and their work at www.iid.org slash podcast, where you can also listen to more episodes. You can leave us feedback or follow the podcast at soundcloud.com slash the IID. The podcast is produced by our in-house communication team and Tom Evans of ParticleSound.com. For more information about IID and our work, please visit us online at www.iid.org.


Hi everyone, Joe for Jaspy's casebreaks.com with our last filler for luminaries random team We did have a last filler, but this is the for reals last filler right Given away four of the remaining luminaries spots and then the other two spots Break credit and the value of luminaries $180 of break credit just so we didn't have to reprice it and all that stuff It makes a little bit easier big thanks to this group for making it happen appreciate it and There are the teams right there all 30 teams are into gonna do the break itself first And then we'll re-randomize everyone's names at the end Oliver. What's going on? Let's roll it randomize it three and a six nine times names and teams one two three four five six seven Eight and nine different dice roll for the giveaway part as you know three and a six nine times for the teams two three four five six And nine All right, so no trade windows, but here's the first half of the list right here And there's the second half of the list right down there And let's just alphabetize by team print and rip Just a quick little tops chrome baseball jumbo pack got an O'Neill cruise rookie card These jumbo packs for the reason some inserts and a refractor O'Neill cruise will go to Whoever has the pirates that's gonna be That's gonna be for Martin. All right now. Let's flip back over here gather everybody's names one through 30 new dice new list and Let's randomize that list Four and a two six times so the top four We'll get into luminaries the next two will get break credit in the value of that luminary spot 180 bucks Good luck six times one two three four five and Fingers crossed six in the final time after six Now from seven on down It's gonna be sad times Very close Steve Birch, but appreciate you trying next to break credit That's gonna be Joseph and Martin We get some break credit and the next four you're gonna be in that luminaries rate coming up next in a different video The next video Martin Martin Martin and Jesse almost a clean sweep for Martin Congrats the top six After six Yeah by the full spots ride don't don't bother with those fillers. I've told you this every single time Take my advice Jesse and Martin luminaries spots Martin and Joseph break credit. I'm Joe. I'll see you next time for the next break Jasper's case breaks calm


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Good luck here, everybody I'd say rookie of christopher morrell purple to 250 garret michael For the brew crew nice one there milwaukee to 199 cj abrams for the nationals We've got betty rookie and jt real muto Last pack here got miggy hodai sango rookie a michael harris future stars rookie toptease And cori seager With recap of some of our color quote unquote better color. I would say we had a variation of corby carol to 99 max scherzer To yellow to 75 price to rain uh as well as a josh young gold to 50 pita lanso How about an orange von grissa motto to two fifth or to 25? Uh 11 of 25 for the braves that'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the film coming up next is tc black