Well, good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. Welcome to this press conference on day two of the annual meeting of the new champions. My name is Oliver Cann. I work in the media team here at the World Economy Forum. Without further ado, and without water glasses, which we're still waiting to have delivered, we're going to keep our Swiss timing and crack on with this wonderful and marvellous press conference. Now, we're here to talk about the future of jobs 2018. Those of you in the room and those of you watching online that remember in 2016, the forum produced a very well-known piece of work called the Future of Jobs 2016. It was the first attempt that we were aware of to try to gauge the size and scale of the challenge of the fourth industrial revolution in terms of the labour force, in terms of the jobs that you and I will be doing in the future. We spent two years coming up with a second piece of research that was even more in depth and we've produced this this week and it's become one of the major conversation topics during this meeting. So, I'm very glad to have four people next to me here who can tell us more about it and of course we're going to have plenty of opportunity for you to ask questions if you can get in between my own questions, of which I have plenty. On my immediate left, Saadia Zahidi is the manager director of the World Economy Forum, head of the Centre for New Economy and Society. Next Saadia, Simon Galpin, managing director of the Bahrain Economic Development Board in Bahrain, of course. Union Park, founder and chief executive DQ Institute based in Singapore, also a young global leader of the World Economy Forum. And thank you very much for joining us as well. Frida Polly, co-founder, chief executive of Pymetrics. Just a little bit of a brief introduction to the four of these. Saadia is going to give you a very brief overview, the highlights of this report. Mr Galpin is going to talk a little bit about the national strategy and how to implement re-skilling. Then we're going to hear from Ms Park a little bit about how we need to upgrade education and we're going to move on to Frida's business, Pymetrics and learn about how AI and machine learning and big data is going to help match those kind of talent crunchers that we're seeing as we try to gear up for the fourth industrial revolution. So Saadia, over to you. Sure, thank you Ali. I think they're both grounds for optimism and a lot of ground for caution as well in terms of the main messages coming out of the report. First we find that out of the current tasks that heads of HR, heads of strategy, CTOs and CEOs of companies can imagine by 2025 it seems very possible that we can automate away about half of those tasks. So 50% of the task hours will be performed by machines and algorithms rather than by people and that number is about 71% in favour of people today. Now that's not to say that there aren't going to be other jobs emerging because we don't actually know how the size of the overall pie will change and when we ask these leaders to tell us what that might look like, what might be the future projections, most of them are imagining that because we'll be able to automate away so many of the existing tasks we'll be able to move into much more higher value add tasks and that is going to generate a lot more jobs. And according to some of the projections that we've been able to put together the growth in jobs, 133 million new jobs across the 20 economies we were looking at is going to more than offset the 75 million that will be declining so overall there will be a net positive. Now the grounds for caution and that is the piece around the fact that companies are expecting that a lot of the growth in future jobs is going to come from these newer tasks. Those newer tasks require a lot of change in terms of the skill sets that people currently have. One set of skills that is going to rise is of course a lot of the technological skills and that's not a surprise but the other piece that's going to rise is creativity, collaboration, critical thinking, active listening, being able to work with others. All of that are incredibly human traits, human skills but we're going to need to use them very differently in our workplaces so that our workplaces have to adapt and workers have to adapt. Thank you so dear. Simon says utopian doesn't it? We can look forward to a future where we create more jobs than we lose and yet our research tells us that corporates themselves are not ready for that and they may not be focusing on those workers that are most at risk. So one would assume therefore that the state needs to step in. What's your strategy in Bahrain? I mean it is a challenge. I mean Bahrain's gone through a major transformation. It was the first place in the GCC to discover oil, the first to run out of oil. So we've moved away from oil and gas so that that's only 20% of our economy but in doing this we've gone through some very rapid transformations building up sectors like financial services, ICT, manufacturing and as we go through this technological transformation into the fourth industrial revolution it's essential that our workforce have the right skills to benefit from some of these technological changes and so we have to do two things. One is we have to remain an open economy and be attractive not just to attract companies but to attract talent from around the world that can add value to the economy. But also we have to make sure that the workforce in Bahrain is working in the private sector, have the right skills to really access some of these employment opportunities. So we work very closely with big companies, companies like Huawei who partner up with universities to communicate some of the skill gaps and make sure that universities and polytechnics provide the right courses for our graduates so that they can get into the ICT workforce but also trying to transform some of the graduates that have maybe a business degree to ensure that they have short term training through providers like Udacity that are again going to be more relevant. And then finally we have a big company, Amazon Web Services which has really transformed the Bahrain economy by putting one of their first major data regions in Bahrain and in conjunction with doing that, they've introduced an AWS Educate Programme and even though Bahrain is very small, we had 2,500 applications for young people going into that program to be retrained and upskilled in cloud technology which is actually faster than you would see in China or some much, much larger economies. So we're taking it very seriously at the EDB but we recognise we have to do this in partnership with corporates. And just on that point, I believe the data we have in our report is something like just under half of the company from the wrong side yet and the half of companies responded, said that they were prepared to reskill but much less than that was for the at risk workers and most of the focus was on the highly skilled. Does that resonate with your experience? Yeah, I mean it's not just the very highly skilled it's actually giving people the more practical skills that can get into the workforce. So basic coding and so on is something that's really in demand but also the softer skills that you mentioned in the introduction making sure people have the right interpersonal skills to work in a service economy as well. So Yu-Yun Park, this is predicated on the march of technology but of course it goes back to humans and as we've been hearing it's all about the people can we get the people to make these benefits and these opportunities become real. How do we need to upgrade education? First of all, congratulations on this beautiful report. There's lots of great points that education sector have to take a heat on. What is the most common question in education sector now is how to prepare our children for their future jobs in order to compete with AI. Do you like this question? Actually, I want to challenge this to frame. Let's compare with the horse and people. You know, a horse is faster than people, right? But we are not competing them against horse in running skills. We actually ride horse, not compete with horse. I think the same analogy has to apply to now education sector as Sadia mentioned. It is important for us to equip children to a right skills. They can ride and manage AI. So it is important for us to understand AI as a more of an extended intelligence rather than artificial intelligence to compete against children rather how we can help children to have the right skills to augment this AI to actually produce the better efficiency and productivity in the workforce. So in order to do that, just Sadia beautifully mentioned and also it was mentioned, technical skill is important but that is not the end of the game. I think the three things are very important which has been identified by the OECD future learning framework by 2030. The first is the confidence. Confident identity as the master of technology rather than the slave or competitors of the technology that requires agility as well as the agency of the students but at the same time we want to reframe the digital skills into digital intelligence which is more comprehensive that combines not just about technical skills higher order thinking, critical thinking and creativity and others but lastly more importantly about ethics and wisdom unless we have this ethical attitude along the students. It is very difficult for us to foster this skill of collaborative thinking as well as many other issues that we have to confront of. Thank you very much. Frida, you work with businesses and you're trying to get them to solve that hiring puzzle. It's a refrain we've all become used to the fact that there is grinding on employment in the world and yet there's a terrible shortage of skills in the right way. What are your experiences in how much this has been grasped by corporas and how they're able to use technology to help solve this challenge? Sure. I think that's a great question Oliver. What we see certainly for companies that are really embracing innovation is that they see AI and new ways of thinking about people as a way to solve these problems rather than augmenting them. So I think we're all in agreement here that the jobs of the future are going to change and some of those jobs will require a more analytic framework in terms of data science engineering and some of these jobs may require a more collaborative and pathic creative framework. Now this is a very simple juxtaposition but I think we would all argue common sensically that certain people have greater strengths and weaknesses in one or more of those areas. So we can use technology to really understand humans better in terms of their strengths and weaknesses because these jobs evolve really match them to what their inherent aptitudes suit them best to. And this can be done, I think, both at the high potential level. Oliver, you mentioned that I think it's 41% are really interested in retraining their high potential but I was actually struck by the fact that 33%, which isn't that much less than 41, actually want to reskill their most vulnerable populations and that's what we see in the companies that we work with. Accenture, for example, has a mission to essentially take workers that are currently at threat of automation and give them the reskilling programs that they need to up-level their jobs. And in order to do that, they're using Pymetrix technology to understand of all of that larger set of at-risk workers what jobs of the future would they be best suited for. And I think that's where technology can really help in terms of using AI to do that type of more precise matching. It's a really heartwarming example you gave and it's great that there's a business case for reskilling these workers. Is that applicable across all industries? Is this specific, this is a professional services company we're talking about? I don't think so. I mean, I think that, you know, again, if you tap into what somebody's inherent strengths are, you can retrain them into jobs that they didn't know that they were well suited for, right? Take me, I'm an English major, turned neuroscientist, turned entrepreneur, right? There's nothing in my CV that would have predicted that trajectory, but I think that it taps certain inherent strengths that I have and I was able to reskill myself. And I think that all humans have the potential to reskill into new occupations. It's really just about tapping into the inherent traits that make them strong in certain domains versus others. Perfect point to pause and see how many people want to ask questions. Can you please give me a show of hands? Anyone wants to ask a question? Lady in the front row to get things started. Can you remind us where you're from, please? Give us also your name before you ask your question. Indeed. I'm Naveet McMahon and I'm managing partner for China Money Network. I have a question. Just because people today can't... ...can't think of a new job of tomorrow, I'd like to ask a canny question to all the panellists to just imagine which job or aid role that they would say could be a future job for a human. Well, Sally, we did a bit of work on reskilling. The reskilling revolution, I believe it was called, which looked into this very subject. Well, there's actually a lot of information out there which is starting to imagine where growth will come from, where job growth will come from. So there are very specific roles that are highlighted throughout the report that are going to be growing in the future. What's interesting about that is that while some of them are very specialized around types of technology, somebody who's a specialist on AI, somebody who's a specialist on machine learning, somebody who's a specialist on, you know, you name it, at the same time there is going to be a huge rise in those people who can help coordinate others and who can work with other humans, who can provide better specialist kind of sales functions, who can provide HR training, who can provide learning coordinators. So there's a rise also of those type of roles. But overall, more structurally, in a lot of developed and emerging markets, there's going to be a huge growth in the care sector. There's going to be a huge growth in the education sector, huge growth in the green energy sector. So there are a lot of sectors as a whole that are going to be growing and which need not be limited by what specific technological skills you have, but really have that ability to marry technology with the ability to deliver a good service to somebody else. So I think, again, this combination of very digital and human skills together is what's going to grow these sectors in the future. And if I might actually just take a stab at answering a question, it's a little different, but, you know, if you think about a UX UI designer, that's not a role that was around, you know, five to ten years ago. And for example, there are a lot of people with PhDs like myself who, a PhD in anthropology, might be a great training ground for a UX UI designer, right, because they're studying human behavior. Now those two things might never have been put together previous to five years ago. But I think those are the types of examples we're going to see more and more of where somebody with a, you know, sort of obscure degree is now matching to or obscure skill set of any kind is now matching to a role that, you know, five years ago didn't exist. Can I add? Well, it is also already well-known fact that, you know, the machine can predict and diagnose better than doctors. So when they have the two different comparisons, if they have a two different diagnosis, 70% of chance that the machines actually do better than doctors. So it is quite interesting to see that who's responsible, you know, when doctors overwrite the decision of machines, then who's going to be responsible for the, you know, ill-diagnosed result. So what was actually now is talking about is how we can utilize this machine as a validation of the doctors. So doctors' role is no longer, may not be in future is about diagnostics. It's more about using, he looked at older, actually diagnostic tools and then see, hey, you know, this is my opinion and added opinions and facilitating and just like to describe, so some new area of doctor function can be developed, be evolved. So I think it's more about what kind of sector or what kind of job, you know, what kind of function that the people can do better job using the AI. And if I can add, I mean, I think AI is going to be a great neighbour, a great tool, but at the end of the day, aren't people going to crave some sort of human contact? And so, you know, you're not going to completely do away with it. They're going to get sick of always talking to a chat bot. And so, you know, anything that, people that have the right interpersonal skills, I think are always going to be in demand. And we talk a lot about technology, but creativity, creative industries, this is much more difficult to truly replicate in an AI environment. So I think those two areas, they're still room for humans to be involved and for job opportunities. Next question. I'll pitch one in just to give you time to collect your thoughts. Sadiw, let's go back to 2016. I've been doing a lot of work since then. The overriding headline in 2016 was one of, was one of pessimism, I believe, is fair. We came out with a headline that we believe five million jobs will be lost in five years. That was a smaller sample, admittedly. But there's a great difference here. Whilst you're not optimistic, you're admitting that there is grounds for optimism there. So what has happened in those two years that gives us a better picture, a more complete picture of the unfolding job landscape? A lot of what has happened is that essentially the easier to integrate technologies that could basically automate away the person and save costs in terms of labour have already been put in place. So a lot of those gains have already been made by companies. Now they're having to think about how do we differentiate our products and services? How do we actually move on to the next wave of creativity and dynamism? That requires much more people. I think that we're seeing that across the board, across the 12 industry sectors, across the 20 economies we covered. That's the change you're starting to see. I do want to pick up on the other piece you said about reskilling. So I find that 30% that are planning to reskill their most at-risk workers, I find that quite low considering how much needs to happen, how much needs to change. So if that's the case, that means somebody else has to take on part of this. Now to empathise with the companies, it is almost impossible for most companies to reskill their entire workforce because of the costs involved. But what they can be doing and what's starting to happen is a lot more collaboration between companies to lower the costs and to gain some efficiency in some of that reskilling and upskilling. That's a model that increasingly lots of different industries are starting to use, especially in the same geographic area. So there is some possibility of essentially collaborating for the first time on talent instead of competing for talent. I would also argue that this idea that it's very expensive to retrain and is actually, to some extent, we don't really know. Because there's this company called Catellite that basically takes former gas station workers and fast food service people and trains them to be engineers. Now granted, it's not an overnight process. But if that type of transformation can happen, I would argue that actually getting rid of a whole bunch of your workforce just to rehire them after spending a lot of money to find these highly specialized workers that indeed you could probably just manage that process in-house. I think the economics don't necessarily argue for it being any less expensive to do a lot more retraining of your workforce than to just think you're going to be able to find a supply of talent out in the applicant pool. Simon, it's a valid point, as you say. 30% are planning to reskill the vulnerable workers to 70 arcs. It's a sizable portion that believers know of business. Or they haven't even thought about it yet. So give me some ideas and some insight into them at the practical level. How the interface of business and the public sector, how that actually works, how that collaboration is unfolding. We have an employment fund, which is a sister organization for us called Temkin, and they incentivize employers to, a, give jobs to bucranians, but b, to provide them with the right training to give them the right skills. So they'll cover salary costs for fresh graduates. They'll cover a sizable percentage of training costs, even if it's about sending those graduates overseas to be trained in that company's home economy. And that's quite a good way to go about it. But actually you've got to do with things on a number of different fronts. You've got to start at the basic education level. A big challenge for us in bucrania is we have a very high percentage of our high school cohort going on to university education, but they nearly always study almost the same thing, which is business studies, and not all of them have the right skills to go into the digital economy. So providing a mechanism for those graduates to train or retrain very quickly is a quick fix for us. But fundamentally we have to change the university systems as well and make sure that we're offering the right types of degrees. Maybe you could talk about that being involved in education as well. How do we... It's an interesting point you made freedom about. An anthropologist could be a great UX designer and who would have thought about that? Is it okay to have generalist educations or do we need to get much more prescriptive at an earlier level? Well, just to say describe that, we don't even know what's going to be next UX UI designer. So it is important for us to actually focus on the fundamentals. And one thing I wanted to actually bring it up is about the new learning framework that we are now discussing. So a previous goal of education was to actually bring the job force. The economic growth is the fundamental goal for the education, national education. But now the new paradigm of thinking is that the goal of education should be individual societal well-being rather than just economic growth. So when we have the change of thinking and change of paradigm when we think about education, so it is not just about bringing the job forces. If we want to actually see it's more holistic about how to actually bring the whole being as a person who has agency who can adapt to the difficult environment. So I think that is a more fundamental education that we have to focus rather than just one or two technical skills. I was just one more data point that I would just like to highlight from this report. We've calculated 101 days of re-skilling as required by everybody in the next four years by 2022, I believe. On average. On average. That can look very different depending on what role you're in. That's not that bad. Three months in four years. Not bad, but also quite a sizable chunk and I wonder if everybody is acquired a kind of understanding of that scale of that challenge. This is your last chance to ask a question before I close this session. OK. So we're just going to start here. I'm going to ask you this question because you don't produce these reports as a media man, I wish you did more often, but you go away and you actually work with these reports rather than produce a new piece of research every six months or every year. What are we going to be seeing next in terms of what I can work for in this space? Sure. There are four areas that we're trying to work in. One, help companies define what their augmentation strategy needs to be. So if it's true that instead of automation we can move towards augmentation, what does that look like? How do we get companies to think about it? A second aspect is having that intra-industry collaboration. We really do believe that if industries are working together in finding that next pipeline of talent and helping displaced workers be re-skilled, it's more efficient for everybody and creates a much greater pool of talent for those companies and much better outcomes for workers. Third, working with governments to define what does modern active labour market policy look like? What's the role of governments in this? There are some displaced workers who will not get re-skilled on the job and what happens to them? How do we give them income security? How do we ensure that they actually have the space and the time to be able to find that next role, to be able to find the education for that next role, the re-skilling for that next role and that's where governments will need to step up whether it's in the form of job centres or other ways. And then finally the last aspect is we're not even always talking the same language when it comes to skills and so actually help define a common skills taxonomy that everyone can use, that HR leaders can use, that tech companies can use and that workers themselves can use to understand what is the type of skill they need to acquire and how they get credentialed for it. Thank you very much for joining us today. Thank you for joining us here my friends and thank you for watching us live online at weforum.org. Your session is now over.


The good news of the gospel is that there's a cure for the sickness that is sin. All have sinned and the wages of sin is death. Every single one of us deserves that punishment. All of us. Every single one of us deserves to be judged in that way. But God in His mercy and His compassion, God in His grace and His love, because He is good, because He is loving, because He is merciful. He decided to do something that He did not have to do.


All right, I think we can start so welcome everybody to this latest instalment of the Canadian Biomanic Workshop series, focusing on microbiome. Welcome to Calgary. Just a first slide to let you know that all of the content that we're producing today is open source, freely available under the Creative Commons license so you're free to use any of it. There's a directory website where you can access all the material all of the lectures are going to be recorded are going to be available as well. So feel free to use and exploit any of this material as you see fit. So, this first lecture is this first module is really just kind of introduced orient ourselves to the actual workshop. So my name is John Parkinson I'll introduce myself a little bit later first thing I need to do is a land acknowledgement so I would like to acknowledge and pay tribute to the traditional territories of the peoples of treaty seven located in the hearts of southern countries, which include the Blackfoot Confederacy comprised of the six Seeker the pecani and khanai First Nations, the Zootini First Nation and the Stony Nakuda, including the Chiniki, there's poor and good Stony First Nations. The city of Calgary is also home to medicine nation of Alberta region three. So we're going to cover in this very first kind of introduction it's supposed to be just a short just to get us all in the same wavelength get us prepared about thinking about microbiome and little bit of history. By the way, can you hear me at the back. You can't hear me at the back so how about now is that helping. So I might use or somebody might want to use the, there is a microphone here but if I just raise my voice then that's good for you. Perfect. All right. Okay, so today it's just going to be a, or this morning, I'm just going to give you a brief overview of the workshop briefly discuss a little bit of history of the microbiome studies of the microbiome review some of the terms are all in the same page, and then just finish with kind of I guess more of a personal view of some of the challenges that we've been facing in microbiome studies as well as some of the opportunities. Okay, so just to introduce you to the team. So Morgan at the back, Google refers to him as a person in a striped shirt so give us a wave Morgan. We have near over there at the back and Sydney who have done a tremendous job in organizing and setting up all of the logistics for the workshop so fantastic well done them. And then, is she been here. Okay, so she been. I should put names on all of these, shouldn't I. So she been who has set up all the AWS services. He's the guy at the top with the cherry tree behind him. Robin, where are you Robin.  Oh, there's Laura Laura Sakura at the back. We have Ryan over there and other ta henna. Hi henna. And Anita, who is going to be joining us I think on Thursday Friday, and then Kevin, where's Kevin. Okay so Kevin, we've introduced Kevin when he arrives. I'm just going to hand over to Sydney who's going to give us some important health and safety information. All right. So most important bathrooms, you leave any of these doors turned right had all the way to the end of the hallway where the elevators are and then there's bathrooms over there. There's a little bit of a track sorry. If there is an evacuation or any kind of emergency, leave these doors turn left go out the front doors you guys came in. Basically follow me essentially but you'll be going out turning right going around this building and there's a building over there with an atrium right next to us that that is the assembly point if there is any kind of emergency evacuation. I think that's it. So what was the disparate emergency instructions but that was the emergency instructions those the emergency instructions if there is a tornado.  Is that likely. Okay they will not be any tornadoes this week. So, just to orient you with the schedule so kind of the format of this workshop is really do a kind of a one hour lecture before each module and then you'll have two or three hours to work through kind of a prepared tutorial that is available online. And then we have the TAs to help you work through that as well so there will be a TA who will put the workshop up here go through it and then other TAs that are kind of roaming around and helping people are getting stuck. So that's really the format so in the foot in this first day our drive stops going on it. We are going to start with Morgan session which is looking at kind of 16 s sequencing and we have a 16 s lab associated with that. And then this afternoon we're going to be looking at some stats and visualization tools. So today is really a 16 s day for those who are interested in 16 s so maybe raise your hands those of you who are interested in 16 s data. Okay, and raise your hands if you're interested in meta genomics data. Right, and raise your hands if you're interested in meta transcriptomics data. Okay, hopefully I'll be able to convince you on Friday that more of you should be doing meta transcriptomics. Tomorrow Thursday, that's all day on meta genomics. So Morgan will be covering taxonomic functional annotations, and then Laura is going to be covering many genome assemblies, generating mags and so forth. And then on Friday, we, myself and Ryan will be presenting this kind of meta transcriptomic tutorial and then in the afternoon, something that we've been introducing last few kind of rounds of this workshop is on sample collection and how you go about designing clinical trials because we found that participants find this aspect quite useful to hear how do we go about designing the clinical trial. What do we need to worry about when we're collecting samples maintain their integrity and make sure that we're minimizing the biases that are getting introduced in these kinds of these kinds of studies. A new thing that we have just introduced this year this June is students intros. So one of the more rewarding aspects I think to us as instructors is actually learning more about what the landscape of microbiome research is out there. And so for us, what we're going to be doing we're going to be introducing the work that we do. But we also want to hear about the work that you're doing and it gives us you know real good sense of what is happening in Canada in terms of microbiome studies so there are these kind of flash talks where you have a few minutes to kind of present the kind of work that you're doing and I think that'd be one of the more fun aspects. It will hopefully really promote networking as well so that people people who are working on similar problems. You can meet over lunch and discuss some of the challenges that you've been facing or some of the opportunities that you've also been encountering as well. So, just in context just in that context of introducing ourselves and the work that we're doing so to introduce work that goes on in my lab. So my name is John Parkinson.  I'm also cross pointed at the University of Toronto. Research in my lab covers these kind of four areas so we're interested in pathogen host microbiome interactions are using parasites and looking at what happens when you infect people with parasites or mice with parasites how does that impact the microbiome. So one study I'm really interested in and excited by is this microbiome and malnutrition in pregnancy so this is in collaboration with the Aga Khan University in Pakistan where we're following hundreds of young women and monitoring what happens over the course of their pregnancy how their microbiome changes, what happens if they have low BMI versus high BMI. So I'm very involved in studies in pediatric IVF sick kids. And lastly we work on chickens, because a few years ago I found out that it's a lot easier to get funding for chickens and chicken research and it is to get funded for kids research. Okay, so just for this kind of second half of this morning's introduction I just want to just get us in the mood of microbiome and where we are with microbiome. Can you hear me at the back by the way. Wonderful. Okay, so just this get us all in the same page. Individual bacterial species we know that they don't live in isolation actually form these kind of communities these very complex microbial communities and within these communities bacteria subject to a whole range of different systems featuring competition mutualism even co-dependence. And from a human health perspective we're seeing more and more kind of links with diseases from IBD diabetes malnutrition anorexia was one that came out recently. So, really, I think we're all kind of on the same. We're on the same page we really kind of should all be evangelical about how microbiome is impacting everything. So, again, can I get a raise of hands for those of you who are working in health, human health. Okay, and those of you who are working in non health related areas. Okay, that's great. That's great. We do have a little bit of a event on on, I guess, clinical and and human health side of things but overall we are kind of aware that microbiome does capture things beyond human health. And so we will be trying to place kind of microbiome outside health context. So we've seen a real explosion of microbiome studies in the last 15, 15 years or so. So this just a graph from PubMed showing the number of publications with microbiome in the title in 2007 there was only eight publications mentioned microbiome. And as we're all aware this has really been driven by advances in sequencing technology. To hold out these were two of the first studies that mentioned microbiome in the title. So one was a review article in the current opinion in lipidology. That was the very first article that mentioned microbiome. The second one was this one in science. Jeff Gordon was involved in it. And this was a meta genome analysis. So here they use 16s sequencing as well as metagenomics to study the distal gut microbiome of humans. And this was in the days when we didn't have this next generation sequencing it was all done using this sanga sequencing technology who's familiar with sanga sequencing technology. I don't know who you are but most of you are not. I am not going to tell you about sanga sequencing technology today. But it was very time consuming very costly. And so one of the one of the studies I kind of enjoy presenting is this one. Does anyone know who this man up here is. It is well done he that is great vendor. He was involved in the generation of the private side of the human genome consortium that was published back in 2001. He had this Institute called the Institute for genome research which was subsequently renamed as a JC vendor Institute JC VI. So he's not short of an ego. He had done the human microbiome. Sorry the human genome. They realized I had all this sequencing capacity so what to do with all these sanga machines that were not generating lots of sequence data they could sequence more bacteria or whatever. So he has this yacht it was called sorcerer to and he felt like going on a bit of an expedition with his yacht so he sailed around. I think the idea was to try and go around the world I think he gave up when he got to Hawaii. And then every so often he dump a bucket over the side drag up some water and then extract the DNA and then just sequence what was in there. So these first examples of metagenomics he generated 7.7 million sequencing reads which is a huge number of sequencing reads in those days where we're using sanga technology. There are these machines that would have 96 capillaries and each of those capillaries would run one sequence, and that would be just one machine so you'd have these banks of these machines doing this so they're running 24 seven. So in those days you got Nova Seed, Lumen and Nova Seed and so forth, and it just blows that sanga sequencing out of the water. However, we didn't have that in those days. So what he did during those 7.7 million sequencing reads he found 6 million new genes, and just in terms of preparing this kind of NCBI what was known in the NCBI was all dominated by eukaryotes. Lots of bacteria so it just shows, or it showed at the time just how skewed as sequence representation was in the sequence data sets. One of the things he was very interested in was, I guess climate change used to be a thing back in 2006 2007. So he was more concerned about climate change then. And so he was interested in these hydrogenases, which were supposed to be making the conversion of a lot of these biofuels much more efficient. And so he'd set this project or one of the context he'd set this project for was trying to identify new enzymes that could make these processes much more efficient. One of the things that's really driven microbiome research is really this idea of sequencing right so traditionally microbiology relying on doing culturing to try and identify what was in your particular sample sequencing provides a route to identify what's in there, particularly when bacteria can be challenging to isolate. And at the same time by doing sequencing you can also identify functions within that sample. However, the story is not as simple as that. So there's a colleague, Mike's your ex who is at McMaster, and he's really been promoting this idea of culture dependent sequencing or culture enriched sequencing. And just in this top graph and right here, the dark blue graph is what you get if you do culturing versus the orange rips is what you get if you do just sequencing. So I think this really shows that we shouldn't, or we should acknowledge that maybe sequencing isn't getting at what is all within the sample. Maybe these kind of culture enrichment techniques can help tell us more about what is happening in our particular sample. And then developed I think it's a set of about 40 or so different growth conditions, culture conditions that he would take a sample plate that's hard because those 40 conditions, grow the stuff up grow the bugs up and then in the dark blue, this is what you get when you do your culture, when you do your culture enrichment. This outer ring is what you get when you do your sequencing and the inner ring with light rays what you get that are shared between the two. So you can just capture way more when you're doing this kind of cultural enrichment so it's really, I think quite compelling. Now, when we're doing a microbiome study, what is it that we might be missing if we're just applying sequencing technology. So Mike reckons that he can recover using these cultural conditions, more than 95% of the tax are in any given sample. Okay definitions. This is so that we are all familiar with the terms that we're using when we describe microbiome so my microbiome is a collection of genetic material within an environment. I think people use it interchangeably with the set of microbes in the environment but it's really originally it was really focused on the collection of the genetic material. The microbiota are the set of microbes that are found in the environment, metagenome collection of genomes within environment. Important to distinguish that metagenomics is not the same as 16S survey so those are two very different things. Metatranscript tone collection of the transcripts within environments and then marker gene survey is so this is where we're doing an amplification sequencing of a targeted region that can act as a molecular barcode. So one of the early studies that was using the 16S kind of approach was this one from a colleague, Dan Frank published 2008, healthy individual individual with IBD, looking at the microbiome and the colon, you can see that individual with IBD very very different. But the problem with these kind of 16S studies as time has gone on is that we don't know if this is cause or correlation, whether the messed up microbiome of the IBD individual is really due to the disease or whatever it's causing the disease. So, we're probably all aware now those, those of you that are doing the metagenomics metatranscriptomics that there's more and more emphasis in terms of publishing and so forth to get more at the core of these kind of causal mechanistic relationships. And so we're putting more and more of this workshop kind of devoting it more in terms of metagenomics and we kind of shine a little bit away from 16S that's not saying that 16S doesn't have a place. I think it's incredibly useful because it's cheap to actually fill in the gaps because metagenomics as you know it's very expensive. And you can only selectively deploy it to certain sets of samples, whereas you might want to fill in the gaps in between and make sure that nothing has really changed at dramatic time points in your particular data sets. So, given this kind of cause correlation, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, these are really starting to take off maybe metagenomics more as a way of providing more functional insights, mechanistic insights into what's happening within a microbiome. Again, one of my favorite studies to show 2012 from the Human Microbiome Consortium. This is 112 individuals, about nine different body sites, and the top graph shows what taxa are present in each of these individuals in each of these body sites. And they're very varied. So everybody has a very varied set of organisms that are present to each of these body sites, but when you look at the actual functions in this case it was keg metabolic pathways. These same communities all give you a similar breakdown of different functions. So this is suggesting maybe the community doesn't really matter in terms of who's there is actually what they are actually doing which is important. In terms of where does our microbiome come from, how do microbiomes develop the human microbiome. It changes as we age and I apologize for not putting the citation of this review here. The idea is that there are dramatic changes from birth up to about three years of age. And it's funny that they left at three years of age so as discussed with Morgan last night that there is very little data concerning the adolescent microbiome the adolescent microbiome. I think it's traditionally thought of as being very similar to the adult microphone but nobody's really looked. So, again, this is one of the interests that I have in terms of trying to look at what really happens in that kind of critical points in our development. One thing I want to emphasize, some of the main contributors in terms of what initiates a mode of delivery is probably the number one. The number one component that has the largest impact on our developing microbiome modes of feeding as well has a large impact as well as antibiotics obviously. One of the factors that does not seem to have an impact on developing infant microbiome is the placenta and the reason I bring this up is kind of a cautionary tale so that we can be aware when we're doing these microbiome studies. We can interpret these data sets and make sure that we are performing them in manners where we can actually be confident about the conclusions that we're drawing. So this was a study who's familiar with this story of the prep of the placental microbiome. Okay, just want to be okay great. So, this was a study that was published inside translational medicine 2014. The researcher collected placenta from 320 subjects under several conditions before 16S and metagenomics sequencing, and they did these kind of correlation studies and they found that placenta microbiome is similar to the oral microbiome. Okay, so there's this idea that somehow the microbes in your mouth were maybe somehow getting into your placenta. So there's a lot of claims and extrapolations from these kind of results. So, there was already a kind of a review of this particular study and they mentioned that this re-emphasize the importance of oral health during pregnancy. In fact, women may need to pay attention to their teeth even before they may become pregnant because the placenta develops early in pregnancy. This may be a challenge for low income women who can't afford dental care. Okay, so this is from the actual author and it's kind of like, whoa, this sounds really important and yet these are young, these are women, potentially young women who are already demonized by society and yet you give them another stick to beat them with, which is where you've got to maintain your oral health to make sure you have a healthy baby. So there's a lot of this kind of extrapolation from this one study, but at no point in this study was there any link between periodontal disease with the placental microbiome. And the other thing they found was only DNA sequence was detected, there was no live bacteria. So there's a lot of kind of extrapolation of what the implications of this research was, way beyond what the study actually said. And in fact, two years later, there was a study which looked at doing controls and basically taking air swabs or swabs of kits and looking at the ketones. So what happens if you just sequence from the kit or from the air, what do you get? And they found that the placental microbiome was indistinguishable from these controls, from these air swabs and so forth. So this is really quite a damning kind of indication of how a microbiome research can really go off the rails and even today we have a certain community of research who are convinced that there's a placental microbiome out there despite all of these studies. And I think there's one that came out a couple of months ago which definitively said there is no placental microbiome, and yet it's still kind of persist. So one of our microbiome studies we have to be a little bit cautious about how do we interpret our results and do the conclusions really are they really supported by the data. Okay, so I'm just going to finish with a couple of slides. What I personally think might be some of the more interesting challenges and opportunities. So looking at quantification, for example, hands up those of you who are now trying to control for quantification in examples. Okay, interesting. So we're seeing more and more of a push for by publications or reviewers suggesting that we need to start thinking about controlling for absolute versus relative quantification. So if you think about our sequencing, we know we're going to get 100% reads because it's all relative. So in terms of relative abundance you might say that this red tax on is in higher abundance in this particular sample versus this particular sample. However, where we control for absolute abundance we find that they're actually the same. So there's a number of ways that we can quantify as samples and they're spiking controls for example there's cell counting methods. So we need to think about how do we control for the absolute abundance within our data sets metabolites. How many of you are doing metabolites or incorporating some aspects of metabolomics. Okay, just for four or five. Okay, interesting. So, as we're starting to focus in on the functional potential of a microbiome we need to come up with kind of orthogonal data sets that can help confirm some of these kind of conclusions. So we can look at what's happening in terms of metabolic pathways within a particular microbiome. Does that correlate with the metabolites that we see within a particular sample. And the generational the integration of these kind of metabolomics data sets brings up another challenge which is, how do we integrate all of these different data sets or we've got microbiome data we might have some biomarker data of a biomarker data we might have metabolomics data we might have human genomic or genetic data, and we might have chart reviews as well so how do we integrate all of those different data sets to come up with how do we determine which of these factors one of the contributions of each of these different factors on health outcomes and I think there's a real need for methods to kind of take these kind of data sets which they're really not in a very mature kind of procedure at the moment these kind of methods. And so there's a real need there's a real opportunity for developing new methods that does a better roots or doing statistics and these kind of data integration. And this is potentially where modeling can help. Okay, so there's tools now that make you to model metabolic interactions within your bacterial community so you can do your sequencing you do your analytics you can build these models where you're starting to look at metabolic interactions within your data sets and that can tell you something and help make predictions as to what happens if I alter this microbiome once if I bring in this dietary additive what happens if I add in this organism, how does that impact the community. And I think that modeling we're going to see in the next two or three years, more, more and more these studies that are using modeling to help interpret these data sets. And finally, particularly for a human health or an animal health or one health perspective. The opportunities that we're seeing at the moment is, how do we go about modulating the microbiome. And so there's a number of different kind of products that have been created. So there's phase as prebiotics probiotics organic acids enzymes, probably a lot of the focus I think especially given the success of these people with transplants is really on the generation these complex communities, but the challenges have really best define and identify which of these products are most likely to be effective. And again, this is where these kind of microbiome studies can come in this is potentially where modeling can help as well.


Everybody forced here ripping twenty one twenty two prison basketball hobby six bucks number eight It's a pick your team six boxer Alan a with the Nets M. O. D. Nick Spurs Dan M. 76ers bulls Daniel E with the nuggets Derek J. Bucks Die D with the calves Eden R. Kings Eric W. Magic Ethan S. Grizzlies Gretchen T. Warriors Harper B. T Wolves Maverick Celtic Suns jazz Hong J. Rockets Jeffery H. Thunder Pistons Joe L. Blazers Jung Hewn with the Clippers Keith R. Heats Kumpal Pacers Kyle T. Hornets Matthew X. Pelicans Robert B. Wizards Sacko K. Raptors Tony W. Hawks and Yabbing with the Lakers Let's get it. Good luck everybody. Let's get a black prism in the first break of the evening Again a good show link in a second, but it's just the bulls and nuggets left in six blocks number nine Bulls nugs I would assume bones Highland The more de Rosin got a wise camp And Frans Wagner base for the magic Silver Blazers Damien Lillard Red for the jazz Rudy Gay The only Rudy in Utah still 299. There's the other one 75 years go bear for the jazz Joshua Primo James book night base silver for the Blazers use of Narkich purple ice for the spurs rookie Joshua Primo Nice start for San Antonio number to 149 Dame Simone of it. Is that grouse key rookie for the Nets Is that your Williams Grizzlies Ruby wave Cavs Ricky Rubio not numbered and hyper Pacers TJ Warren Kawai mindset something nice coming up Face rookie Hornets Kai Jones JT Thor as well Sheik Hildes Alexander Penny Hardaway a hyper Prismatic Suns Chris Paul that looks neat with the hyper and a pistons rookie auto it looks like yep Luca Garza Pistons on the board first with the hits Weisman McCollum Richardson There's a Suggs for the magic base rookie Stockton silver bucks rookie Sandra Momma-Kellerspie Lee Hyper rookie Hornets James book night You Charlotte the Yukon legend there and Anthony Edwards, so I know we're pointing these out earlier This is not a rookie the Lamello and Edwards fearless our Stamp with the rookie stamp incorrectly Kessler Edwards god Josh Giddy base rookie okc a Brandon Boston jr. Rookie for the Clippers on the pulsar Purple ice bucks Ray Allen Old-time bucks color match her to 149 You still have that purple Tatum prismatic for the Celtics Austin Reeves Lakers base Garland Aaron sharp Nets base rookie Ruby wave Kings Chris Weber Hyper rookie Rockets who's my Garuba Prismatic Julius Randall Pacers rookie Isaiah Jackson Petrovich Bozian Bogdanovich jazz silver Prismatic silver Lamello ball nice Those look pretty cool. Nice one there Hornets sixers rookie auto Jane Springer not numbered Aten Crowder Schroeder Nick's rookie Mazwick bride silver for the Lakers Carmelo Anthony Silver widescreen Steph Curry with the dubs That's pretty good brawn base Flexin on a King's rookie Davion Mitchell T-Mac my guy blue ice Nick Julius Randall to 125 fearless Shrey Kade base rookie Pistons Isaiah Todd wizards Heat silver Tyler hero jazz hyper Jordan Clarkson Anthony Davis Mama Kelly Schveely rookie Ruby wave for the next Emmanuel quickly Hawks orange DeLon right Hawks to 49 prismatic Luca Donchich. All right, that'll do it for box one Rockets rookie Josh Christopher Herbert Jones for the pelicans Silver Nick's obi toppen orange wave warriors Clay Thompson is 60 Nice clay 33 of 60 Prismatic Bradley Beal get Scotty Lewis Aaron Wiggins base rookie Thunder silver for the Bucks Bobby Portis Nick's red obi top into 299 75 years Isaiah Thomas Pistons. Yeah, I don't own any Lamello cards or redemptions and I haven't heard anything base rookie Santi Aldama Hyper fireworks Bucks Yanis onto the Kumpo Warriors rookie base auto Moses Moody sensational signatures Dubbs having a good break So what's up everybody cat cat's got everybody's tongue. I guess It's a second year Lamello Jalen Johnson Trey Murphy the third silver spurs Ricky Joe Weisskamp Jazz hyper Donovan Mitchell. It's Donovan CP 3 You guys think Donovan's getting traded? Maybe not now. Maybe Closer to the season during the season It seems like he would be Rockets rookie base opera in shengun Pulsar Grizzlies Kyle Anderson Blue prism heat them out of bio to 199 widescreen LeBron James sugar Grant Zion Pacers rookie Chris Duarte Ruby wave Clippers rookie Jason Preston Hyper bulls Patrick Williams like the honest card this year The finals MVP trophy in the Larry O'Brien Quentin Grimes. That's a cool Vince like that Bones Island Nuggets rookie base Silver for the Pelicans Josh Hart Prismatic Silver is Zion spurs rookie base auto Joe Weisskamp spurs doing fairly well Downs Robert Williams bassy rookie for the Sixers Ruby wave heat precious a Chua Hyper for the Blazers Damian Lillard Springer rookie for Philly Silver pistons rookie Luca Garza Silver widescreen Mavericks Luca Donchich Steph insert Try a man Brandon Boston, Jr. Corey Kispert rookie base wizards Bruce Brown blue ice pistons Sadiq Bay to 125 Nice one pistons Yanis fireworks. Come on. We need some big color here Kate D. Wade Evan Mobley base rookie Cavaliers Silver Blazers Norm Powell Hyper rookie Dobbs Jonathan Kaminga very nice Off-center left to right. Maybe talk the bottom even to Dubs continuing to do well Prismatic Paul George Garza Ruby wave Mab's Marjanovic nice Poku 75th anniversary to 75 for the Thunder base rookie okc Josh Giddy Suggs rookie magic Purple Prism. That's awesome the color match for the Raptors Vince Carter So 21 of 99 that is awesome pretty card Raptors Wizards rookie auto now Corey Kispert Kessler Edwards silver for the Sixers Alan Iverson rookie hypernets dare on sharp Prismatic John Morant Hey, Mike. What's up, man? Welcome to the busiest chat room on the internet Rookie Herbert Jones swan Toscano Anderson Pulsar rookie wizards Corey Kispert red prism Sixers Danny Danny Green Number two to 199 Sorry to 99 Pistons rookie Cade Cunningham Red Prism T-Wolves Carl Anthony Towns Out of 199 Luca widescreen Franz Wagner base rookie Mamma Kalashvili eyes Hornet silver rookie James Book Knight Hyper Sons Devin Booker Zaire Williams Grizzlies base rookie Joe Weiss camp Ruby wave for the Bulls DeMar DeRosen blue prism T-Wolves Pat Bev to 199 Kevin Durant prismatic Hey, Arya. What's happening? Yeah, Zegrowski Silver for the Mavs Jalen Brunson Purple eyes Nets James Harden the 149 Demi Lillard 70 75 years Ruby wave Sons and McCall bridges T-Wolves hyper Anthony Edwards nice second-year Edwards. That's a sick photo too rookies Kai Jones JT Thor Silver for the Raptors pressure to Chua Silver Mindset Yana Santa de Kubo Bucks Ron base What's everybody up to? Devon They were on sharp silver for the Dubb Steph Curry 75th anniversary Raptors David Johnson the rookie to 75 Austin Reeves Ruby wave calves Colin Sexton Spurs hyper David Robinson prismatic Zion So Brandon two years 120 Davion Mitchell Silver for the Nets Joe Harris Prismatic Kyrie silver on that Brooklyn thunder rookie Otto Jeremiah Robinson Earl. I don't think prison basketball has case hits Silver for the Nix and manual quickly hyper Hawks Deandre Hunter charismatic Deer and Fox Trayman Brandon Boston, Jr. Corey Kispert Pulsar Hornets Mason Plumlee Pistons purple Jeremy Grants out of 99 Nimes Kate Evan Mobley there he is Cavaliers Clippers silver Marcus Morris Celtics red Dennis Schroeder to 299 Luca Garza will Chamberlain Ron base Austin Reeves followed by Ruby wave Nets rookie day Ron Sharp Jazz hyper Rudy Gay Franz Wagner Aaron Wiggins There's one of those All-Star variations Chris Paul team LeBron those will go to current team That'll be a Sun's card Sixer silver Allen Iverson fireworks silver Hornets Lamello ball Hornets auto now Mason Plumlee sensational signatures silver. So I'm Jim in Yeah, I bet I kind of been the same way watching prison all day now breaking it bassie and Lewis rookies Get a big hit here second-year Lamello Don't let it don't let them know they get no got that mindset getting your head Orange wave rookie rockets. It was my group at a 60 Toronto sensational signatures rookie Scotty Barnes There we go raptors with the boom Sacko with Toronto Great hit there the rookie of the year Get that mag for you go.   Yeah, it's him Hardaway, Jr. He read Jimmy Butler to 299 There's a 75 year Damien Lillard Blazers Jalen Johnson Ruby wave Pelican Zion Williamson Celtics hyperpain Prichard Preston and Shengun rookies you're gonna come to see us at the National Gymn Spurs silver rookie Joshua primo not the primo prismatic silver Wizards Russell Westbrook still a wizard prismatic Lamello for the Hornets Raptors David Johnson. There's an IO for the bulls. Oh good. Oh good. I mean, it's Atlantic City, so We'll just have to see you next time Blue rookie. Okay. See Aaron Wiggins of the nice color match out of 199 Got Yannis prismatic pistol Pete Jane Springer Magic Johnson Celtic silver Josh Richardson T-Wolves hyper Torian Prince Sancti Aldama Keon Johnson Bucks Ruby wave Chris Middleton purple ice Blazers Yusuf Nurkic to 149 fireworks Edwards Trey Murphy the third pool Marbury. All right number nine is sold out So we're good to go on the next one when we get to it and Number ten so we're so we're sold out for the night now Sold out for the night last few teams just sold Still a little bit of room for personals Just a little bit though guys Was the Phillip quick just FYI if you want a personal work tonight. I'd order now Cory Kisper base rookie There's a grimes silver for the Lakers Magic Johnson Hornets hyper Gordon Hayward by Simone of itch Evan Mobley base rookie calves Trey man thunder Brandon Boston jr. Clippers Pacers pulsar Keras Levert Red Clippers rookie Brandon Boston jr. To 299 Prismatic Steph Curry got silver for the Clippers Paul George It's like a black and gold. It's a Kings black and gold. Let's see a Davion Mitchell. How about that? Rookie Nemy us Keita black and gold Kings three of five Congrats Sacramento Beautiful there it is right there Three of five for you Eden Congrats Eden We'll get that Keita magged Tatum mindset nice pole there Good stuff Take that color every day Aaron Wiggins rookie Who could Garza Ruby wave Clippers rookie Brandon Boston jr. Bulls hyper IO dos unmu nice one there Great box. We got going Still a ways to go in it too. I'm gonna have to preserve my voice tonight guys I don't know how much yelling I can do after definitive and then last night Kessler Edwards base rookie Josh giddy Pelican silver Josh Hart purple ice Lakers Dwight Howard to 149 got a redemption I don't know whose redemption. This is the first one.  Who is that? Oh, nice. Well, he's easy isn't this? Herbert Jones one Susano Anderson Blue ice Celtics Reggie Lewis Blue ice is to 125 Love the honest dude the honest is so nice this year that card. Yeah card number one on the honest real Brian Trophy in the finals MVP Frank the tank, that's right Chris Duarte base rookie Josh Christopher silver sixers rookie Charles Bassey Nick's hyper Dwayne Bacon charismatic harden Grizzlies rookie Zaire Williams Quentin Grimes silver rookie Lakers Austin Reeves Purple warriors Dreymont greens in 99 warriors did well 75 years Isaiah Jackson Pacers Zagorowski Ruby wave Nick's Alec Burks Jazz hyper Royce O'Neill McFrod. We've got a silver Rondo for the Lakers Red Nuggets Michael Porter, Jr.. To 299 Chrismatic Donovan Mitchell Or Utah, where would you guys like to see Donovan Mitchell land? I know no trade is imminent, but I mean with a team like that I feel like it could be kind of any time JT Thor Shai guild is Alexander blue prism Nets Patty Mills. That's number to 199 Next up is another auto here. This one's a Miami sensational signatures Duncan Robinson owns Islands. No, it's not a misprint Ruby wave Blake Griffin for the Nets. I'll show it a second silver fearless Anthony Edwards. That's misprint though rookie there No, it's not a misprint. Just has a photo pictured in that says right here signed by Lakers on 831-21 Sometimes you'll see that with guys that are traded or signed or whatever But Lakers car just hasn't been as clever as Jersey. Who is it in football? There's a there's a notable football one this year You see those every now and then Lamello is not a rookie in this product There's that fearless insert where him and Edwards bows have the rookie low the rookie card logo on it It's it's an error the rookies last year I'll show it here silver for the Nets Paul Peter Celtics Paul Pierce magic hyper Markel Foltz McBride So these any any fearless you see with Edwards and Lamello's gonna have that rookie card logo there. That's that's an error. So silver whatever may be They were rookies in 2021 See here's his base right here regular base prison. No rookie I'll topple that. That's a nice second year a Ruby wave calves Kevin love red Nets Kessler Edwards rookie to 299 see hot What's up, man fearless LeBron JT Thor base rookie Hornets and an Anthony Hardaway? What's up illegal silver for the Spurs Keldon Johnson red for the Rockets Daniel Tice So that's another one. It'll have it right on the side there This is in a was at Bulls Jersey. Yeah It's a Rockets card Always going by the team on the card 75 years drew holiday Jalen Suggs rookie for the magic Kai Jones John Stockton Ruby wave Kings rookie Nimi Esquita hyper scoop Jackson Clippers Ben Simmons, there's a Franz Wagner magic rookie Sondra Mama Kela Schvele. I mean, it's not the first error card that a manufacturer has made Probably won't be the last either it happens sometimes all manufacturers do it Silver for the next Derek Rose There's some famous error cards to Silver a prismatic deboker a deep book for the Sun's Rockets Silver auto Avery Bradley wise camp Spurs rookie got a mojo. Come on now Mojo jazz Rudy go bear Or nov season for him nice mojo there. That'll be numbered at 25 Yeah, five at 25 KD Zagrowski Zaire Williams Grizzlies base rookie a 51 of 50 It happens Yeah, there's some other notable ones. There's like some with whoo nice silver pistons rookie Kade Cunningham Fantastic hard pistons There we go off-center left to right Pretty clean-looking otherwise though you go Detroit get that mag for you hyper for the T-wolves Jalen Noel Don't have a Mitchell Isaiah Jackson rookie Jimmy Butler Yeah, there's some like there's some guys that Their first bowman who doesn't have the first bowman on and things like that like shy Gildes Alexander his rookie car His rookie prisms don't have the rookie logo on it from 1718 I think whole sorrow for the Sun's Devon Booker Red prism Hawks bogd on Bogdanovich to 299 color match there Is it's a Davion Mitchell? Yes, that's one of the notable ones is shy Gildes Alexander his Clippers rookie prism. I think it's 1718 right or is it 1819 either way It doesn't have the rookie logo on it It's a dub silver Steph Curry my chef Blue for the Bucks Jordan to Wara to 199 Kade Cunningham pistons rookie base Paul Pierce. Oh, yeah, all the Rodney hood. Yep from last year Then have the fill and light the back Ruby wave dubs again Clay Thompson this time hyper Hornets Gordon Hayward prismatic Trey Giddy rookie base thunder a rainbow they look kind of cool though To be honest, it's a little it's a little like prism Raptor silver pressure to chew a fearless silver Shaq It's funny when Shaq looks small here. He's like 7-1 like 290 right here Lamello widescreen Toscano Anderson Kessler Edwards the air cards are unique because there's you know, they're literally error cards Most cards are not errors Some people collect error cards, man Steph base Hyper fearless for the Wizards Bradley Beale Got a Damian a Lillard look at that sticker auto Black ink how old is that sticker? Blazers with nice hit there When's the last time we've seen Dame come out of a recent products on call like with an auto That's awesome. Did I did not expect that? Joe L You go man. I know the Wizards weren't super expensive in PYT's either. That's awesome Just got that huge con you two years 160. That's crazy. Yeah, two years 160 on the extension Josh Christopher Rockets rookie Long ZZ and Herbert Jones. I don't I don't disagree illegal. It's just not prism-looking that makes sense I'm not saying good or bad. I'm just saying it looks different. It does look it does look good though We'll do personal later on someone's just asking about buying a pack we don't sell packs. We just sell sealed boxes We'll do personals Later on here's a link for personals not a lot of room left Not a lot of room left for personals. That's an awesome Lillard. Yeah We'll get this Lillard mags and go Blazers throwback design too. That's awesome from this year Avery Bradley Duncan Robinson Deandre Hunter redemption for the Hawks Mason Plumlee Hornets. See this pistons there. It's a horns Jeremiah Robinson Earl Corey Kisper Joe Weisskamp Moses Moody Jade Springer Luke Garza Pistons rookie Silvercade Cunningham Black and Gold rookie Kings Nami Askita to five And sensational SIGs rookie auto Raptors Scotty Barnes Solid six-boxer. We've got another one coming up next