Hi everyone, my name is Daniel Lyttholf and I will talk about post-processing in 3D printing production. As a 3D art producer I get in contact with a huge variety of 3D prints. For example, we have on the left side a human-sized SLA print from Alex Hanema. In the middle a huge sneaker on a concrete wall by Isabel Krieg and on the right side it's the infidential space by Christian Kered at the Biennale. It's a huge 3D print that builds a hollow room. All these 3D objects are based on the four crucial steps in the 3D production line. In the first step we create the 3D model by downloading the model, reverse engineering the model through a 3D scan or building the model with the 3D software. In the next step we bring the 3D model to a slicing software and we translate the STL, OBJ or ply file to a tool pass as called the G-code. The third step in the production line is actual 3D printing. We can choose between a various variety of 3D printers as FDM, SLA, SLS or MGF. As the print is finished we go over to the fourth step. It's like the 3D print post-processing where we work with our printed object. Today I will talk about the 3D printing post-processing, the last part in the 3D printing processing line. Especially for bigger parts the whole production is still made by 3D factories because these printers are really expensive and you need a lot of experience to maintenance them. So in the production line only the step for creating the model stay with the artist and the rest will be done in the factory. These 3D factories are mostly producing technical parts and are not used to art pieces and their special treated surfaces. Because of that fact a lot of arrows can happen in the factory and big surprises can arrive in the box. As an example we received like this huge box with the $20,000 project in it. As we opened the box the sculpture looked fine and we were really happy with the result. Here we can see the whole SLA print. It's a girl with a cell phone in her hand made by Alex Honeymon with a wide UV coating on it. After a closer look at the whole sculpture we found some huge step where the legs are glued together and also some missing structure of the pen pattern. Production error like this cost a lot of money and we had to reproduce the whole sculpture again and make sure that all the seams are well treated and we have no showing seams or steps in the sculpture. Post-processing can be really difficult and time consuming. I experienced that during my time at the ETH Zurich at the professor chair of Karin Sander. There we also made models for other professors chair. As an example we can see here on the right side a model for the professor chair of chemistry. This model was really fragile, heavy and we had to hold the model for more than an hour in our hands to put the epoxy for curing the surface. This model is a good example for errors of failure in post-production. After three weeks the professors chair of chemistry found out that we actually missed a part in the printer and it got probably vacuumed away during post-production. Just to give you an example how long post-processing takes this project also at the ETH Zurich copy of a stone we see on the right side the original one is on top and the copied stone is on the bottom of the picture. So from the left picture where the stone came out of the printer to the finished print like the treated with epoxy model it took about 18 hours sometimes also with two person because it was like a heavy print and you have to handle it really carefully because it's just a shell. These are good examples also from the ETH where we printed some parts with another company and both pictures show parts they start fading faster than the part we printed on the same time. So to the left on the left picture the left sculpture is the one that faded faster and on the right picture the one in the middle was done by us and the two on the outside were done by the company and they faded also faster. Because the post-processing process is a crucial step in the whole production line of 3D prints a lot of artists decide to do the post-processing by their own so they don't lose control over their project. So let's have a look at the 3D print post-processing the fourth step of the 3D printing production line. In post-processing we have three different groups of post-processing we have the subtractive post-processing the additive post-processing and the thermal and chemical treatment. Here we have a summary of all the post-processing we can do to a 3D print. In the subtractive area we have sand and polishing, tumbling as a way of sanding, sandblasting, CNC machining and chemical dipping. At the additive side we can fill prime brush coat, spray coat, following dip coat and powder coat apart. At the last one it's thermal and chemical treatment we can do local melting and kneeling and vapor smoothing. Because there are so many 3D print materials on the market we just go through a few of them. It comes handy that we work with the parts that are sent to us so on the left side we start with the T and the connector that's the FDM print, a few deposing modeling and then the V is the SLA print, stereolithography and the F it's an SLS print, selective laser sintering and the I it's a multi-jet fusion print. So going to the post-processing of these four different materials I will do like two groups. The first group is the FDM and the SLA, they're more plastic-y and they also need support for the printing. The second group is the SLS and the MJF print. Both prints are based on powder so they're fit together in a group. As you can see here the FDM and the SLA print they both need support during their printing and the SLS and the MJF they don't need especially support. Sometimes when the print are really small or like fragile you build the support but they're not really needed because the powder. Just to give you a summary of the different printing techniques the FDM is the one that like hot plastic comes out of extruder head and SLA is like a resin bed that different parts get cured by a laser or by light source. The SLS is a powder bed that the laser is fusing like powder together and the MJF is also a powder bed where a light source and some activator are curing powder together. Let's start with the first group the FDM and the SLA group. At first when the print comes out of the printer we have to break away the support structure. On the left side we see the support structure is quite rigid and you have to break away the structure with the plier and other tools. There's also another solution it's a soluble release support. This support can be washed away with warm water so you dip the model in warm water and the support disappears. To get rid of all the leftovers from the support you start sanding the surface of the 3D print. You can do that by a sanding block or sandpaper with a fine grain. You can go from like a little bit bigger grain to a really fine grain. Also what you do in post-processing is gluing the parts together or a cold welding them with the acetone and there you can decide if you do part by part in the sanding and then glue them together or you glue everything together first if it works for your model and the model is not too complex and then you sand the model down. After first sanding you can put the filler on gaps and cracks and also imperfection in the print and sand them again to get a smooth surface. Another way to get a total shiny surface is polishing the 3D print. First you start with the sandpaper again and then you can go over to a polishing machine and to polish the part with polishing paste and the machine. A not so common thing to do is annealing the 3D parts that works only with the FDM. So you heat up the parts and the monocolor structure of the 3D print changes and hardens the part. What happened with the annealing is the part changed its original form so you have to be sure that you don't need the part in the original shape. Another thing that's happened a lot by huge parts for car or industrial parts is following the parts with different color films so you have a really nice smooth surface on the end. If you're done with sanding and putting filler on your part you're able to put primer on your 3D piece and start painting that works with all kinds of color. A really good side to check out is JustPaint.org. They did a lot of tests with different materials. You can see them on the right side with PLA, PTG, PA12, ABS all kind of stuff. So to get a good overview about paint and 3D material you can check out JustPaint.org. Another way to paint your part is dipping. The downside is that you get rid of a lot of details because the paint feels the little details. Now we come over to the second group, the SLS, the MGF group. It's like the powdery group as I call it. The first step is get rid of all the powder on your part so you use a little brush or air to get the powder away. After that you put the part in a tumbler with like special beans in it and or you sandblast the part. Here is another example from a SLS print. We had like here the problem that the 3D factory was printing this little figurine like this barbie and on the back of the barbie was like this this imprint and when we received the puppet there was like no imprint shown anymore. It was just like a little bit there and so it was not usable. So we decided to do in the 3D file a box where we put the print into the box. So actually we just order like a box with the 3D print in it. So that way we could protect like the print from the factory and on the end we got the box to the studio and we opened the box in our studio so we are sure that the imprint was still intact when we received it. Another way to treat your SLS or MGF models is by dyeing. You can see on the left side you can mix colors and you have a huge variety of colors for this process. The common way to treat your model is by spray paint or lacquering. So first you do like the prime coat on your model and then you can treat it with all kind of colors. A special way to treat your model is by metal coating or electroplating that works for SLS and also for FDM and SLA prints. The MGF is not the best to do metal coating and electroplating. So at the end of my talk I want to do a quick summary of these four printing methods that we separate in two groups. On the left side we have the FDM and the SLA print so there we first remove all support structure and clean the surface then we start grinding with fine sandpaper. We can also polish the surface. We do glue the parts together and then start painting or coating the parts. On the right side we have the SLS and the MGF. First we remove all loose powder and start smoothing and cleaning the parts and we sand them and then we glue also the parts together and start with coating the different parts. At the end I want to talk about a really important thing that's a lot got forgotten. It's the packaging. The packaging is for me really important because I experience a lot of them. It's 3D prints during my time working with this topic so make sure that your packaging is all well constructed or well done so you're done to receive or like on the other side of the shipping line they don't receive broken 3D prints. As an example here to the left you can see some sculpture of Alberto Chocometti. They're really small months but even then we milled out the volume of the sculptures out of foam. In this way I want to thank you for listening and happy 3D printing. If you have any questions reach out to me and enjoy the rest of the TechFocus conference. Thank you.


Okay, we came back, we're live, Think Tech Global and contributor Ray Tsuchiyama is at my left and we're going to talk about managing foreign investment, offshore investment, Ken Hawaii Manage Offshore Investment. This is pretty much the title of a program, a luncheon program, a couple of years ago. It was very interesting. The reason we did the program and, you know, and Ray you can confirm or deny, the reason we did the program is we felt that there wasn't any management of offshore investment. So we started this discussion, Ray, with the notion that back in the 1880s King Kala Kawa was trying to reach out to the world and trying to actually take affirmative action on building Hawaii's economy. Talk about it. That's right. You go back to a time when King Kala Kawa was trying to deal with an internal struggle with the sugar planters. These folks had a different idea for the economy and business and making money. And they thought that the best way to make money was, of course, through giant sugar plantations that will, you know, ravaging the environment, import thousands of new people and then have a reciprocity treaty with the United States to sell sugar cheap or cheaply to the mainland. So that was the paradigm, economic paradigm. And on many levels, King Kala Kawa thought it was not sustainable due to environmental concerns, the influx of new people to the islands, the creation of another dominant wealthy class in Hawaii's economy. A quiet and cheap labor. That's right. And a class of cheap labor. That's the class. And so King Kala Kawa was a very much inclusive person. And remember, he was an early adopter of technology. He had electric lights in the Illinois Palace. He was up on all kinds of things dealing with the steam engine, the ships, transportation. And he had an idea to send young people, and these were of the Ali class, young Hawaiian people, to go to places like Italy, like Robert Wilcox went to, Prince Kuhio to England and also to the mainland. He sent other people to Japan and Guangdong to learn Asian languages. And to prepare Hawaii to be a center to export products to Asian markets.  Exactly. What I'm trying to do in the 1880s, that's more than 100 years ago, was to create a group, a core cohort of people, young people who were versed in Asian languages and had a global MBA, when you think about it. Able to negotiate deals and able to create new products and sustainable agriculture here in Hawaii. New diversity, and then you hear this diversified agriculture. That's what we've been talking about for decades, other than, you know, That's right. And we're always dreaming about this and having this as a goal for the society, yet he was focused on this back in the 1880s and that Hawaii could become a bridge to Asia for US. It was the perfect idea, you know, and he was actually executing it, at least for a while. And this is what I asked you before the show, which you stunned me with your answer. It didn't happen in the long term. It stopped with a great idea, you know, populating Hawaii with these globally aware people, training them overseas, making Hawaii more sophisticated, more capable, with a real plan to develop a real economy. That's right. But it stopped. What happened? The simple answer is the planters went into the legislature and stopped the funding, and this leads to the overthrow. They just were disgusted with the whole royal court and wanted to take the economy and the kingdom into their own hands. And of course, 1883 was the year. And remember, throughout the 1880s, he was working on this plan and was sending a lot of people out, outside of Hawaii, and they were coming back slowly. And you could see by the 1890s and up to the 20th century, we would have a different Hawaii. And by the 1920s, Hawaii could have become what he envisioned at that time. But you're correct that there was a hard stop in 1893. And what continued onward in history was the New Republic, which was very inward looking to the plantations, except in the United States. And then more importation of cheap labor from Asia, throughout the 1920s, up to the 30s, and kind of a controlled state, economy and so forth. This was an effect, essentially, of the overthrow, that the guys who did the overthrow, I guess the planters were very powerful among them, had no interest in making Hawaii a globally-aware place. They wanted to grow stuff, sell stuff, and they wanted cheap labor to be here and help them do it. That's absolutely right. That's real simple for them. They didn't want a world-aware class of people in Hawaii. That's correct. And we think of the royalty, the leadership of the kingdom as being very local. They were not. Yeah, that's true. They were global. They were training people in new languages and technology and innovation and so forth. And they were forward-looking than people now, when you think about it, in the 1880s. So King Kalakau to me and I am a graduate of Kalakau Intermediate, so he is my king in many ways. And again, an inclusive society and a forward-looking society, and one that could determine its economic future. And that's where we're trying to talk about. It's self-determination you're talking about, and that's what Kalakau was about. And it's really tragic that he never had his chance, his opportunity to realize that dream. And I remember also that, you know, Edison, we had movie houses down here downtown before they had movie houses on the mainland. Thomas Edison came out here and installed his movie technology. It was among the first places in the country, in the world, that had movies. We were very forward-looking. We were open-minded that he was reaching out to make that really work as a persona for the islands. Unfortunately, it's really tragic. And then you fast-forward to statehood. And the people behind statehood were very much forward-looking global also. And people, when you talk about Governor Burns, Inoue, Mink, Cavalio, Beppu, many people in that era were trying to transform the territory of Hawaii into a state that was at the same level as California and New York, Texas, or Florida, one of the biggest states in the region. Well, statehood was disruptive, right? It was a big change. It was a major change in direction, and it carried so much with it. You know, it's going to be a state, you know, and now you'd be accepted by the United States more fully. You wouldn't be a territory.  And you had to face these issues. You had to find your persona again. And I suppose it was the same notion that drove Calacaua, those guys who, you know, took over the reins of government at the time, or just after statehood. We are going to make this place a global place. And Burns and Arayoshi after Burns, they were all about technology. They saw the plantations ending. That's right. They saw we were in an unsustainable economic position trying to maintain plantations. And going back to 5960, 1960-61 was the time when the East West Center blossomed at the University of Hawaii, and the term international university was used for the first time at that time. And we should not be surprised when Barack Obama's father from Africa came to study here, a first African student. So you had a mixture of people from Southeast Asia, from the mainland, from all over the world coming together in Hawaii during the early 60s. And of course, one of the... Don't forget the Vietnam War. That's right. That's right. I'm going to... Yes, and the other catalyst for interest in Asian studies and so forth at the University of Hawaii and more investment was the Vietnam War. And you waged throughout the 60s under Thomas Hamilton, President Hamilton, was the premier place for Asian studies in the world. We had languages, history, political science, all kinds of people, and heavy recruiting by CIA and others for good people going back to Asia. But still it was the center when you think about it. And again, that was a critical time. But when you think about it, the Big Five was already in its last legs in the late 60s and early 60s. The plantations were dying. Yes, that's right. And they were trying to... Trying a new economic paradigm at that time, it was very much a struggle. And in the late 70s, there was an interesting time, I think about 78, 79, when the Hawaii Chamber of Commerce actually began to call for outside investment and for Pacific area or Pacific regional headquarters to be located in Hawaii. In fact, two companies, at least two companies, took it up, IBM and WANG. And they had their Pacific headquarters in Hawaii at that time. And the IBM building still stands to show you. And just late 70s and early 80s, also you saw the breakup in slow motion of Dole moving its headquarters in San Francisco, Dillingham leaving Amfax suddenly doing something in hindsight, which was unbelievable, Liberty House on the mainland in California, which was doomed to failure. And the castle could be expanding all over the world. It was an interesting time, but it didn't work. And Mr. Murdoch would come and acquire Castle and Cook. There were lots of things going on with the Big Five. And you fast forward to 2016, there aren't any anymore, except for one, Alexander Baldwin. And they're still... Well, that's the, yeah, the evaporation issue, we should talk about that. But that's another whole topic, how they survive. What was happening in the late 70s and 80s, the early 80s, the plantations were over. That's right. And the government, the state government was looking for replacements. I remember, you know, the hardest hit was Kohala, which had been a road of 20 miles or so, just plantations on all sides, growing all plantation stuff. And when they went down, all these people, you know, were out of work, they were impoverished. And the government wanted to do stuff for them. And it came up with all these, may I say, cockamamie ideas to keep people employed, none of which worked, none of which worked. But over and over again, they had these projects into which the state government, you know, sank money and it never helped really anybody. Well, and you have a very interesting point. It's not that when you see back in hindsight, nobody was doing anything. People were trying to do various experiments. When I entered Castle and Cook in 1983, Castle and Cook, as a big five company, knew nothing about high tech, was a venture capital investor in a company called Intellect at that time. So it was one of the tenants to be in the high tech part of that time. And so there was activities going on and so forth. But when you go a little bit further in 1985, everything changes. The Plaza Courts. And that's an action from afar, St. Augustine used to say, action from afar, that Hawaii was a beneficiary of the sudden realignment, currency action that made a yen, $120 to a dollar. It used to be $360 for a dollar coin. I remember in the 60s it was almost $400 yen for a dollar. Yes. From 1945 to the end of the war in inflation, they picked a round number, which was 360 degrees, $360 to a dollar at the U.S. military, and it stuck there. And up till the 70s, people in Japan, Japanese citizens, couldn't travel. It was hard to get a passport. In order to get $50 or $100, it was a tremendous effort with banks trying to get money.  That's why we're going to take a break. Okay. Let's read. Aloha. I'm Kirsten Baumgart Turner, host of Sustainable Hawaii. Every Tuesday at noon we talk about issues important to Hawaii's sustainability, the issues of conservation, renewable energy, land management, food and energy security, and other issues that are extremely important as the World Conservation Congress approaches in the first week of September, and next year's World Youth Congress that's taking place here that's focusing on sustainability as well. Please tune in. Join us as we highlight all the good things that are happening to achieve sustainability in Hawaii. Mahalo. Aloha, everybody. My name is Mark Shklav. I'd like you to join me for my program, Law Across the Sea, on thinktechhawaii.com. Aloha. We're back. We're back. We're back. We're back. We're talking about, we're talking about, can Hawaii manage offshore investment? Big question. So here we are in the, where are we now? The 80s. The 80s. About 85 is the seminal point of the... Something remarkable happened. The positive accords. What happened? Japanese investment in tourism to Hawaii. And that would merely go along for the next six years. That's all. That's all.  We're still feeling it every day. Because why I say in six years, January 91, the bombs began falling on Baghdad. And that began the 10-year recession in Hawaii because of the tourism just stopped. We're in a long way from Baghdad. You remember early 90s and mid 90s. Again, action from afar. Yeah, yeah, yeah. Over which we had no control. No control of. And that stopped tourism. And suddenly, the real estate market tanked. There were Japanese tourism stopped until the late 90s. It would grow to 2.2 million a year. In the years before that, though, through the 80s, I would say, early 80s, middle 80s until, say, 91, as you say, the Japanese were investing all over town. And they were paying trophy prices for everything. And that, in turn, was having all kinds of effect on other tourists who wanted a piece of the rock they got involved. They got all steamed up about this. And it changed the real estate market. It changed the way Kamehameha Schools felt about its property.  And because they were paying trophy prices, the whole network of pricing was going up. And you know, young people, local people, could not afford a house anymore. The economy had turned upside down somehow. It got skewed. That's, you know, the easiest word to afford. And they came at a point in about the mid to late 80s when a symbol of the old economy also vanished. It was the last bastion of manufacturing in Hawaii. There's big steel pineapple on the top, and people would always say, when is it going to get ripe? But when you go back in time, that was a symbol of Hawaii in many ways, because it was a product. And when I was at Castle and Cougar in Dole, I mean, there was major product innovations like pineapple canned in its own juice. It was a major innovation back then. But when David Murlock came in, he saw this anachronism, what he thought was an anachronism dating back to the 30s as a canning plant, and he canceled it and then transformed it into a office mixed use and a movie house and so forth, you know, project to get rent. And again, that is symbolic to me, because it ended the importation of the canning and the equipment and so forth, never got started again. There will never be another plant ever in Hawaii again. Yeah, wow, that's profound. It was the end of an era, for sure. And at the same time, the Japanese were buying all this property, turning our economy into a real estate economy, like Linda Lingle always said, it was a real estate, and I think he was right about that. It was a real estate economy, and we weren't folk. Everything that was happening was happening from real estate, including construction and subdivisions and golf courses and all this stuff. And we still have profound repercussions of that time, even today, because if you pick up the annual Hawaii Business 250 and you look at the list of companies there, there is rarely a company, or I can't name one, it's very hard, a big company that makes products for sale in a global market based on R&D. No, it's not there, it's not happening. It's really difficult. And the clothing business, which you could say qualified for that, went down because all those companies found people in Asia would make them cheaper and then would be trans-shipped over our heads we were not involved, except in tourism, and that's not enough to keep going for a clothing industry. And so the other thing that could have happened, because there was so much interest in diversification economy in the early 80s, was investment in the University of Hawaii in research. And I think we missed a time in the 80s to really focus on what could be happening 20, 30 years out and focus on how to create a good patent system, how to create incentives for faculty to come up with ideas for products, venture capital, as you said before, it wasn't for the lack of trying, because John Burns had put the message in Ariyoshi's ear, and Ariyoshi took those messages from John Burns very seriously. So Ariyoshi did care about technology. He did create, he was one of the founders, if not the founder of the Minoa Innovation Center, which is really on its last legs these days. And he tried to create a new economy, he tried to create diversified agriculture, some of those projects in Kohala were diversified agriculture. But it just, it didn't work. I'm not sure why, and instead everything got swept into this real estate economy, and we didn't have a generation of people who were going to dedicate their lives to diversified industry, diversified agriculture. And I think there's a larger macro view we have to see here, is the disconnect between Bishop Street and UH Minoa. Because in 78, 79, 80, there was a very interesting project in hindsight at UH Minoa, which is in the history of the internet called Alonet. Sure. There was a precursor of the internet under Norm Eberson. It was the beginning of the internet, right? Yes. What if the Big Five could park their money and suddenly create little companies and project themselves as e-commerce leaders? Or based on this new technology. Again, it was something out of UH that could have been commercialized. A lot of things could have happened. But there's a disconnect between a commercialization of research into products. There's a whole series of steps that are happening. You don't need investment. You need investment. The legislature wasn't going to do it. You know, they're not into that. But there's a lot of investment in real estate. Well, all this investment in real estate, but the Kamehameha schools was not going to do it. They were going to invest Hither and Yahn. They were going to invest in real estate. That was their model. And Goldman Sachs? Yeah. Yeah, and Goldman Sachs and Forest, Woodland, somewhere in the northern US. So the result is that to the extent there was money to invest, it was not invested in the UH commercialization effort. It was not invested in technology. We never really got off the ground, despite the fact that George Ariyoshi tried really hard to do that. Well, and then again, going by hindsight, this is 2016, 30 years after the Plaza of Courts. I think if I was here in Honolulu at that time, which I was, I would say, oh, 30 years out because of all this Japanese investment, there should be a U.S. Japan Research Center in nanotechnology or telecommunications or summary in Hawaii. That would have happened. Oh, there are efforts, though, Ray. Remember James? Right. James out in Hawaii. I mean, I'm not saying that that was the answer to that question, but that was an effort at building a Japanese university, a place you could study, a place you could collaborate, maybe do technology. That didn't work. I don't know if it's still out there. I don't think it's still out there, but it's limping along. It never, it never realized any real, you know, any part of its vision. And, you know, don't forget the, I guess it was 2000 to 2010, where so many people were trying so hard to resurrect the notion of a tech community here. Never really happened. And even now, the legislature hasn't put any significant money into it. We have a couple of accelerators around. We had a couple of accelerators around 20 years ago. Now, maybe they're doing better now. I mean, I read this morning that some kind of collaboration between the Blue Planet Accelerator and some Korean accelerator, but it's still small potatoes compared to what it might have been. Had Burns and Ariyoshi been able to realize their plans, had the investment funds that came into the state, right, by virtue of the real estate boom, you know, been applied to other industries. So, and so we go back to the beginning of the program. Canada Society, like Hawaii, with barely 1.2 million people in the middle of the Pacific, manage its destiny as a bridge between Asia and North America. So, OK, the answer to that question is absolutely, but you have to do it, you know, and we haven't done it. And that was the purpose of that program that I mentioned before I'm talking about. We're trying to find, you know, first, the fact that, yes, it's a good idea to do that. It is better to do that than to be the victim of history, you know, and let it go whatever way it goes. And then you get to suffer the consequences. And I think in Hawaii has a tradition of either doing cargo cult and loving anything that comes off shore, comes from offshore, or being paranoid and hating everything. And it's a very fine line, you know, with next era, it might have been the other way just as quick. They just didn't handle it in the way that gave us, gave the best result. So they were paranoia instead of cargo cult. And a lot of companies have been shooed away because they fell in the paranoia side instead. And some companies have been remarkably lucky. They've seen the way to do it.  That's all. That's cargo cult. But the reality is that if you can manage the offshore investment and you have to have offshore investment in an island state, then you can do stuff. If you can't manage it, it doesn't go right. And not much has changed since Kinkawa Kawa's day. That's the strange thing about it, that we are still capital deficient, capital scarce. We need outside technology. We need many things. However, we need self-reliance. But Kinkawa Kawa was trying to do that. He was trying to organize and give people, young people, education that would have them negotiate and be at par with anybody on the mainland, Europe or Asia. That's what he was trying to do. So Linda Lingle, in her first campaign, she, I'll never forget, she got up at the great, the great famous tech debate. She and Maisie Hurone were debating these debates. They're really something.  I'm going to ask them, I'm going to tell them, I'm the governor. I'm going to ask them to come out here and invest their money in Hawaii. Because we have the resources they need. We have the market they need. This is a great place for them to set up shop. She never did that, but it was a good idea. And had it been done, I think, we would be having a different conversation here. And again, going back to the 80s, there was a famous or infamous Forbes article that riled everybody that, you know, Hawaii's a Marxist state that resisted, foreign oil, or even mainland investors and so forth. And that made people defensive, very defensive in Hawaii. But it made investors reluctant. That's right. It's hard to invest in a place where you want to see a smooth permit process. You want to see a return in investment. Because it's all about risk. Investor calculates risk all the time. Is it riskier to do it one in Hawaii rather than in any Silicon Valley or Colorado? So that's the way, and money doesn't flow to a place that has too much risk. And it hasn't flowed to Hawaii. And we've scared a lot of people off.  And there are so many other issues that have happened where we have protested. The Superferry is another one. Collectively, we have shown that we don't like offshore investment here. And offshore investment says, well, if you don't like us, we're not gonna come around. It's too hard. The Forbes article was followed by many other articles. That's one every few years. Only a few years. And so all the dreams of Burns and Ariyoshi to make us self-reliant, to have us be a hub of intellectual property and development and all that, they really have not worked. And really the question, I mean, this is really provocative question, but do you see, is there really a possibility of achieving that now? I mean, I think we have a culture that doesn't allow to achieve that. Do we have a possibility? Well, I sometimes think about this later night that perhaps King Kalakawa had a good idea that we should, instead of having people, young people here, have them trained outside and come back in a way and let them see the world and bring back ideas. And so I think that's one way of doing it because King Kalakawa felt that it's great to speak olala Hawaii, it's great to do the hula, to revive Hawaiian traditions and culture, but at the same time, if he was alive today, he says, why aren't you studying Chinese or Japanese and software engineering? That's what he would say to young people today. Yeah, and my model is, in many ways, is Singapore. Singapore is self-reliant, Singapore brings people in. It realizes the value of human capital, encourages people to do business. Its tax structure is friendly, its business regulatory structure is friendly. We don't go anywhere near that. But I have one story to tell. When I went to MIT, I uncovered a very interesting history of Singapore. When they were down and out, they had nothing, absolutely nothing in the 60s. They cried to the UN to help them. The UN gave a contract to MIT. MIT sent a delegation of faculty that examined the whole Singaporean economy and they said, well, you have to really upgrade education, management, engineering, and there's something coming in the future called semiconductors, that you have to plan to become the hub of final assembly and testing of semiconductors and they went. So it's not Confucianism. It's also being at the cusp of looking for the next great big innovation. Yeah, seeing the opportunity. Like the story, I don't know if you ever read the book by Simon Winchester out of East West Center called Pacific. One of the chapters is about Sony. Sony, a couple of guys who were involved in the war, they heard about transistor radios in Canada in Saskatchewan and they sent a couple of young fellows to Saskatchewan to find out everything they could about transistor radios and they looked everywhere, did everything they could find and brought it back and pressed them. Now Sony was making transistor radios better than anywhere in the world. And so you can do this and we can find a way to do the science and technology but we have to be willful about it and we have to be able to plan and we have to be able to address offshore investment in a way that will give them confidence and so they will not take advantage of us. So we will have a win-win deal with offshore investment. We haven't reached that balance. Who will do that Ray? Will you do that? Well, I'm promoting the ideas right now but it's something that society, the Hawaiian society really has to take it to the next level as a society. Yeah, okay, well, there's a camera, there it is, number one over there. Okay, now you're talking now to the next generation, whatever that is, I'm not sure that the millennials are the next generation anymore. It's the one after the millennials. Tell them what they need to do in order to preserve this, you know, this King Kalakaua vision. Right, we have to look at King Kalakaua as our model. He was a very global person, he was an innovator and yet he was very rooted in history and local ways and to look ahead to the future and to be at par, at equals to anybody in technology, innovation, science and also be sellers. We have to market, we have to market products and make them customer centric. And this is a philosophy ideal for young people throughout Hawaii and something that will transform Hawaii and make people here control, manage its own destiny going forward and not people from the outside. And tourism is not necessarily the answer. Tourism goes the other way, I'm sorry. Thank you Ray, you are a great contributor. Thank you.


What is going on guys welcome back to channel critical overload here since I'm about halloween ends in this video here again today Talking about the box office projections that came out a couple days ago or a few days ago at this point and going into my thoughts on an idea of Revolving around Corey Cunningham, maybe bringing Michael Myers to Laurie strolled in some capacity and making a deal with the shape So just to jump into the box office stuff really quickly get that out the way according to box office pro Halloween ends is projected to have maybe a three-day opening weekend landing somewhere between 35 million dollars to 45 million dollars Some people have their opinions on that of course that are different from others obviously as opinions are always different, but That is a good sign to me when it relates to the box office projection Obviously, I think yes It will be higher if they weren't going to peacock as well Simultaneously, but when you have that occurring and then still have a big box office opening like this for a slasher movie I think that's pretty good Obviously, we know that the 2018 movie over-performed so when that movie over-performed I think a lot of people tend to forget that that movie over-performed So even though kills and ends might not be matching with the 2018 movie are going to be doing or did keep in mind That movie over-performed and now I know also the lackluster marketing that some of you think this has this movie has offered Is also probably factored into why these projections are kind of this low But even still this is good to me as far as like showing that even with very minimal effort I think that's been minimal effort. We've gotten some interesting things along the way But I think you know they would have gone harder considering this is their last hurrah with the IP This is an impressive feat as far as like putting out a one final last Halloween movie And it's tracking to do 35 to 45 million in three days now This could end up doing more the reason it can end up doing more is because of the fact It's still keeping mine. What if there was something to what Jamie Lee Curtis was saying in that announcement video When she announced that it will be going to peacock on the same day What if indeed you're going to want to go see the movie in theaters then jump to see it on peacock Because there's something in the peacock version that might be different from the theatrical version So then people who watch the theaters they'll go to peacock those who decided to watch it at home because they just thought hey, yeah I don't want to go to a theater They might say hey That's a little convincing if I hear online that the theatrical release had a different ending that I'm going to go watch The one in theaters We'll see if that ends up being why or if it's even true if that ends up boosting the box office projection Obviously positive word of mouth would help too If anything if this movie gets lackluster reviews like halloween kills did I think that would have a Minor effect on the box office projection But not much Michael Myers. I think it's still a big draw hyping up a final battle between him and lord strode I still think it's a big draw So I think they'll be fine and of course again since it's the last movie I don't really think they're also that too concerned about making a Lot of money outside of just maybe slightly over a hundred million 200 million and calling it quits But jumping into this idea about Corey Cunningham and this team up he Seems more than all but confirmed until we see the movie to be having with Michael Myers And how this could impact lori strode in the tv spot. There's a moment. I've talked about this in other videos Corey says to lori At least I think it's lori that he's talking to what are you going to do when michael comes back for you because he's coming Now, of course, he could be talking to allison But chances are he's talking to lori. We've already seen behind the scenes footage too where he's shown interacting with lori So of course it's safe to then assume he's going to interact with her more than once and taunt her about michael What if at some point in the movie with that sewer sequence? We know we saw of michael choking the boy We'll see how he ends up in that sewer anyway upon Whatever reason leads him down there and then ultimately discovering michael. What if upon that? He ends up saying something to michael about lori like hey, if you don't kill me, I'll take you to lori Here's the problem there I think they've already gone out of the way to kind of establish that michael and lori Well lori of course remembers michael, but michael's remembering of lori is kind of up in the air. I think anyway, but uh The nitty-niel Instance that we know is going to happen in the movie will then have many people think he does remember her for whatever reason So is cori saying her name going to cause him to remember lori if this happens? Or is something else going to trigger that because if lori and michael again don't have a conflict and all of this Conflict that they also will have in the movie is rooted to michael Deciding not to kill cori because cori said hey, let me go and I'll lead you to lori strode Again, not really too on board with that as far as like That's what I would have done. It's all about again how it's executed though and it could be executed very well I just still personally probably won't end up liking that direction But we'll commend that it was done in a way that was still compelling if that makes sense Uh, I think you should have at least just worked with that conflict that was established at the end of kills I get that she's moved on with her life and everything But I feel as though having it be by pure coincidence isn't going to isn't going to be something that's a little Very convincing to a lot of people because if cori coming him makes a deal with michael To say hey, don't kill me and I'll take you to lori strode Well, again, how does that happen? How does that go about happening?  It's like, okay, bro Why don't you just take him take him to her now? That's why I'm like, I don't think that's something that's going to happen But I know I've seen people talk about this potentially happening and I wouldn't be against it as much as I would have not have Done it now, of course going off of execution. I might be against that whole heartily I really just think they're dropping the ball So far on the surface of course when I see the movie I'll have all the context I think they are dropping the ball when it pertains to Giving these two a reason to battle outside of just pure coincidence Uh At the end of kills you had it right there in front of you Yeah, lori found out that michael wasn't after her But she has she had more than enough reason to go after this dude after he took out karen And and in should have started there and we could have gone into The the rest of the night with her hunting down michael and learning to you know, get over that learning that how Something of what she did for all her adulthood kind of partially contributed to why karen ended up dead and decided You know, hey, I'm going to liberate from myself from this now that he's gone But doing it just because he's m.i.a. I don't think is really the smartest thing anyway Because of course he's going to come back as he does But we'll see what happens when the movie comes out What do you guys think about an idea like that a kori making a deal with michael to bring him to lori to survive If you haven't already, of course, make sure you subscribe turn on postification that you never miss a video in the description I will have links on my social media accounts. I'm on facebook twitter and instagram You can message me there, of course Let me know if there's any movies news or reviews you'd like me to cover in the future and with all that in mind Guys, I will see you in the next video


Children who experience early life toxic stress are at risk of long-term adverse health effects that may not manifest until adulthood. This article briefly summarizes the findings in recent studies on toxic stress and childhood adversity following the publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics, AAPT, Policy Report on the Effects of Toxic Stress. A review of toxic stress and its effects is described, including factors of vulnerability, resilience, and the relaxation response. An integrative approach to the prevention and treatment of toxic stress necessitates individual, community, and national focus. This article was authored by Hilary A. Franck.


Hey, what's good everybody? It is be Avery Brennan Keith Avery here for my spoiler field review for Justice League that just came out this weekend. And yes, I did say spoilers Which means that I'm gonna be talking spoilers Left right up and down in and out as if you've already seen the movie And I'm probably sure if you've clicked on this video you've seen the movie But if you haven't you have been warned now this video is not gonna be As long as my other video my non spoiler review. I think that was like 32 minutes or something like that It's not gonna be that long. It's probably gonna be not even half that time You know I'm saying I'm just gonna try to get in and out But who knows it's gonna be really loose Informal for pretty much all my videos are but as you as you know, I really didn't enjoy the movie I did love it. It was a lot of fun. It was my most fun out of the whole DCU. It wasn't my favorite I mean, it wasn't the best movie in the DCU I think that goes to Wonder Woman, but this is my favorite or whatever But anyway, one of the best scenes in the whole movie to me Which really and I don't want to spoil this in my review even though it's probably obvious is when Superman came back Man, that was one of the best scenes in the whole movie to me. It was a lot of fun I just love how Superman just came back to super slow with her shirt off Not really all mentally there and he just whooped up on the Justice League I like how they had Aquaman Wonder Woman flash and Cyborg right there on the sidewalk and they just outstanding heroic You know done to the done, you know and Superman is scanning them and we're getting dialogue and stuff like hey You know Cyborg is like Aquaman shut up man. You know, he's scanning us. He's reading you and your bottles are hot He's getting nervous. He's like, but I can't have it because old dude is not acting right Well, I'm not trying to get punched in the face, but then Cyborg, you know He can't he doesn't have full control over his systems yet And so he you know accidentally fires a shot of Superman and that's what sparks off, you know the fight or whatever And I loved it. I mean we got we have Aquaman coming from the left Wonder Woman coming from the right He does plink plink blocking stuff and then Cyborg coming in the middle with his boosters and flash Trying to run over there. Just real lightning flash behind them and Superman is turning like this And that look on the flat as remember space Berry Island space like, you know, like, you know That was funny. I like that or whatever. And then we got Batman coming in there, you know, no before that You know Wonder Woman and Superman was headbutting each other back and forth back and forth You know, he had better her she had to help butter him back Then he was like, no, no, no often the way in his head But where it goes up in the air and bam headbusting to the ground and then we get Bruce Wayne Batman coming over there Getting lifted up in the air time. You won't let me live.  I mean, that's just so dope. I've seen this twice now I may go see it again tonight with my homeboy, but That was just a lovely dialogue whatever and when I saw it twice everybody that did it was like, oh snap Oh my god, you know, and then he got talks like a bag of trash I love that but that is the best scene to me in the movie Another scene that I like that I did not want to spoil was when died Princess Diana Wonder Woman was talking to Bruce at the very beginning by the lake in the woods or whatever And it was she was giving him the flashback scene of when they fought Not aries, but a stepping wolf like 5,000 years ago or whatever that scene was lovely or whatever They said that we have the Atlanteans the Amazonians or the Amazon and all of men coming together and they fought They said they had allies. So of course, they had a green lantern in there and it wasn't John John John Jones is the Martian It was a John Stuart and how Jordan or whatever, you know, it wasn't them It was probably some lantern from a different sector and courses thousands of years ago, but I love that I love that I was geeking out when I saw the lantern in there I would have and I like how when one of the lanterns or the lantern died or whatever We got to see the ring come off the finger and jiu-jitsu and fly away to the next person That is worthy of wearing the ring and it was just that little things like that that I really did appreciate or whatever You know, this is like one of my second favorite scenes in the whole movie And I don't know who that character was shooting the lightning bolts at first. I was like, okay This is just a xam and I saw another video talking about is this zoos or is this a hercules? I don't know much about him. I could why don't feel like looking it up I got my encyclopedia right there, but you know, he was just shooting them lightning boats You know, I liked all that That was cool About the flash something What I liked about the flash was is, you know A lot of people was complaining about how sloppy he was running in the movie But I liked it because like the flash is not he's not a warrior. He's not an athlete He's probably not had his powers for the a long amount of time like he didn't run track and field So he doesn't know how to necessarily run or whatever and since he's not really fight since this is his first real fight It's not like he just needed to practice practice practice I mean he probably stops robbers and you know runs and pushes people out the way and keep going or whatever So at the end when he is running all sloppy and stuff like that, you know It made sense to me and that's just gonna bring You know more character build-up and development for future films to come if everything works out We're gonna find it's Saturday night right now. We're gonna find out of course tomorrow When you know when the box office hits and things like that, you know How the film is doing or whatever but that makes sense to me I love how he was tripping over himself and tripping over Aquaman and tripping over You know all over these little things in the in the movie because that just gives him more chance to advance or whatever I mean, he's not a real superhero yet So he's just not that experienced and that's just one of the great things about the flash and one of the things That I really did appreciate the movie where it's really going to be able to give his character a lot of room to grow in The future. So, you know, that was dope as well. I mean my other review. I my non spoiler review I talked about how Steppenwolf, you know came onto the scene and how you just knocking people out left and right With his axe or whatever that was pretty cool. So I liked him other than the CGI face Which I thought was trash Also when I was watching other reviews people kept complaining about like how they could tell that you know Superman's mustache was CG out of way. I couldn't tell it all. I didn't notice it I even for I didn't go into the movie like let me see if his mustache is there. Hmm. No, I didn't I didn't notice it Oh, I mean, I've seen it twice. Yeah, I'm actually trying to look for it the third time. I see it But again, I did not notice it at all. I think some people are just being a-holes You know, I don't know What else do I want to talk about? Oh Of course, we got the two post credit scenes. We got the flash Er, racing Superman in the first one.  I was so giddy doing that scene I Expect the first time they race for it to be a tie or for Superman to win I don't expect the flash to win because he's just not that experienced and Even though man is still or a man is still even with a man is still even though Superman is not that experienced either I Feel I got a vibe that he's more experienced in the flash or whatever because Of course the flash is gonna get faster and faster, of course I mean, I can just imagine that, you know, because in this movie towards the end That we went back to Wayne Manor with Diana and he was like, yes in a big table right there with six chairs He was just so excited to build the team. She's like, yes some motor grow. He's like, yeah motor grow or whatever I just feel that like Batman because he's like a tactician. He is gonna be training the flash You know, just like okay gonna take him to a track or something like without using your powers I just want you to run down this hundred-yard dash and try to increase your form as best as possible You know, look at some track and field videos. Look how they start in the blocks or whatever Just to get his form down over there So he can be the best that he can be, you know, I would love that and I think that's what they're gonna do with the flash But you know, I'm not expecting him to get his butt whipped in that race If we really do get a glimpse of that but of course the last credit scene which was really dope really exciting It was Lex Luthor broke out of jail Somehow and I would like for that to be explained in the future, but at the same time, you don't really have to I mean It's the it's Lex Luthor.  He's a billionaire I think he has more money than Bruce Wayne to be honest with you because I Remember reading an article a long time ago and they was comparing the rich people In comic book films and as far as Marvel is concerned, I think they said Tony Stark has like three billion dollars But Bruce Wayne Batman has like nine billion and then like Lex Luthor had like double Batman I could be wrong if you know, let me know in the comment section below But I think Lex Luthor is richer than Bruce Wayne Like double maybe three times richer So he has the resources and of course, you know, we got often to say flash Thompson.  So we got those two post credit scenes. We got Superman fighting The Justice League we got the flash back We got stepping wolf entering flash and more about the flash the only thing he was funny to me The only thing I didn't like was when he got to the back cave for the first time like oh, I cave a back cave You know, that was just kind of a little corny and cheesy to me Also with the flesh I love his reaction to when he first saw the paradigms and stepping wolf down and that little under the harbor over there Was like a perfect reaction cuz like I said, he's not a warrior. He's not an experienced fighter He just run around to push people and that's what he said in the line So he's just like oh snap. This is real right now I'm finna go not to war with bad guys, but freakin alien invaders from across the galaxy or whatever So that was the perfect reaction right there. I really did like that Also, it's almost the beginning of the film Why did I why did they have Aquaman reveal Batman's true identity in front of all the people and did they not speak English? And I was just saying must say wait a minute. He's like, alright, bro. I don't I don't know Maybe I missed something you can let me know in the comments, but I'm like you just told everybody that I mean I guess it was Bruce's fault too. It's okay to call him Bruce Wayne He didn't come in like his Batmobile or Batwing or nothing like that, but at first I Was looking out for the second time because I know the first time in the second time I was like, yeah, I must been tripping because you know, he's coming in there as you know, Bruce Wayne And that's fine But then Bruce Wayne himself says something like yes Superman died fighting next to me and then Aquaman called him Batman and then right after that before he went to the Water, he called him Bruce Wayne. So I'm just like, okay, you just reveal this identity to everybody in Iceland or whatever But maybe don't don't they don't speak English But when we were seeing Jason Memorial Aquaman getting in the water that whole background that green screen a blue screen to look horrible Excuse me. You could really tell that that was CGI I Like towards the end that we got an upgrade on cyborgs On his cybernetics because he had the rare cut in his chest, but now it was like a circle So that just reminds me more of the comics or whatever I also liked that we got to see Superman's ice breath at the very end battle You know when he froze the stepping wolf's axe and wonder woman came in Smashed into I like that that was dope What else did I like in this movie? It was something else that I wanted to mention that really stood out to me I Talked about this in a more normal review. I did not like Atlantis. We kind of got a little bit more from that We did get to see mirror, but that was just brushed over real quick. I talked about the flash talked about Batman, of course, he's been Batman for 20 years now and of course he fought the penguin because You know Alfred talked about him whatever somebody I remember days went, you know Many exploding penguins going around city was the worst of days now. We have alien invaders. So we got enough of Batman I like that Superman, you know, he was dope. Like I said Wonder Woman Yeah, she was cool too, but for as far as the spoilers are concerned for the most part I think that's all that I want to discuss right now Because I can't think of anything else, but I love the film It was a lot of fun and I can't wait to see it again But guys that is just my opinion For my Justice League spoilers review. Have you seen? Well, I'm sure you've seen Justice League You know, what did you think you can push as many spoilers as you want in the comment And somebody in my regular review tried to be a hole putting a comment talking about you and the DCU They just all of a sudden tried to make it a happy-go-lucky ending at the end where Bruce Wayne Just bought the bank. Why didn't he buy the bank at the beginning of the movie to save Martha Kent's? I mean, wasn't that what BBS was all about saving Martha? And I was like, well, maybe because he wasn't worried about foreclosure because he was trying to put a team together and stop an alien invasion I mean, how would he know that her house is being foreclosed on? We also knew that she didn't tell anybody that's what she told Lois or whatever You know, it just didn't make sense to me from the very first frame that we saw Batman He was trying to recruit the team flying around the world So I think the last thing he's worried about is foreclosing on the home many way guys Did you like the movie? Did you hate it? Put it in the comment section below Let me know. Let's get the conversation going and keep it flowing If you liked this video, go ahead and give me the thumbs up and if you don't like the video That's fine. Just leave me a comment below why and still give me the thumbs up since you're watching this on YouTube Go ahead and subscribe to my YouTube channel so you get all the content that I have to provide You can also click the bell so you'll be notified when I do make uploads also go to my website Check me out there just my pan.net bookmark And I would appreciate it I do have written reviews for all the latest films and theaters right now And also guys look me up on social media Facebook Instagram and Twitter All that good stuff is right there at the bottom of your screen And I made it very easy for by providing a link to all that good stuff down in the description box below Guys, I just want to thank you again for tuning into my opinion slash reaction spoiler I'm sorry spoiler review slash opinion for Justice League and before you go don't forget That my name is brandy kid over and that's just my opinion peace


There are many ancient sites which, upon exploration, create an air of doubt surrounding the academic explanation as to their origins, raising logical questions within the minds of the astute, with Iran being a place littered with such structures, one of the most famous of which known as Persepolis. Found upon the banks of the river Pulvar, this plateau of mythical carvings simply baffle the modern man. According to permitted academic study, Persepolis dates back a mere 2,500 years. I say mere due to several reasons. First, the lack of ability of those who were living at this particular time, the advanced techniques used within the creation of the site, and the laser-like stone-cut precision demonstrating techniques utilized by a civilization far more technologically capable than those currently claimed as having been responsible. Thus, I must conclude they predate the academically claimed culprits and are, in fact, the work of a lost civilization. The site possesses claimed achimated styles of architecture, although we feel these claims are a misconception and are, in reality, the work of someone else. Declared a World Heritage Site in 1979, the ancient Persians claimed it as their own city, naming it Persa, which means Old Persian. However, it seems, like so many other inexplicable sites found around the world, it was simply re-inhabited. Yet unlike these many other sites, inscriptions found upon buried treasure at the site actually possesses an inscription left by one of the oldest rulers of the Persians, openly admitting this re-inhabitation as a reality. Treasure found still successfully concealed at the site, a sign of the people's loyalty to their king, not discovered until modern times, presumably protected by them and its secret location, until their death at the hand of Alexander the Great's invaders. Solid gold and silver tablets preserving the king's account of the site's origin. Quote, Darius the great king, king of kings, king of countries, son of Hytaspis, this is the kingdom which I hold, from the Sachi, which is beyond Laghdia, to Kush, from Sind, to the Indus Valley of Lydia, and the oldest of Persia, Sparta. This bestowed upon me by Ahura Mazda, the greatest of gods. May Ahura Mazda protect me and my royal house. An inscription I perceive as an explanation that the ruler himself, due to the site's incredible nature, believed it had been built by the gods and, by divine right, had been bestowed upon him. Archaeological evidence accumulated by the French archaeologist André Godard, who excavated Persepolis in the early 1930s, believed it was Cyrus the Great who chose the site Persepolis was built upon, and that Darius I built the terrace and the palaces. These conclusions, I assert, were due to Darius and Cyrus reutilizing such structures as their places of burial. This, due to their divine perceptions, explained upon these one's hidden treasures. However, these rulers, dated well within permitted archaeological timelines for man, are accompanied by the countless archaeological artifacts, predictably left over by these cultures, who never experienced cataclysm. Thus remained perfectly preserved, excavated, and flaunted to the many inquisitive people who visit these museums each year. However, the contradictory inscriptions still reveal very little regarding origins of the ruins in which they were found within. Ruins which are simply unexplainable. When one visits the site, they are initially confronted with gigantic megalithic stones, not only within its foundations, creating the platform used as a stronghold for many years, but also, somehow, set aloft, forming still existing trilithons which, regardless of the demolition efforts undertaken by Alexander, still litter the site. A 125,000 square meter terrace artificially constructed, partly cut straight out of Romant Mountain. An additional factor which supports my argument of a highly advanced builder are the Lamasu. These mythical animals, reminiscent of centaurs, are many tons in weight, and in a previous video, we showed the tremendous challenge a mere 150 years ago transporting such megaliths was. Not to mention, the tremendous artistic achievements these stone carvings would have been, along with countless other intricate, masterfully carved artworks throughout the site which mystify all who gaze upon them. Furthermore, and perhaps most interesting, are the far more primitive looking versions. Some argue were incomplete, others argue were attempts by future primitive cultures. These attempts, although in some areas share tool markings reminiscent of patterns like those of the stone cutting technologies we have recently been studying in depth, may just be mere coincidences due to the random hacking that seems to have been undertaken upon the stones. Due to the positioning of the Persepolis Plateau, it was logically not constructed as a military stronghold, but rather a temple devoted to something else. A build surrounding this ancient civilization's belief systems or possible observations of many alignments in relation to precessions only just coming to light. Due to its location, far away from any strategical placement, found within a remote and mountainous region, although it was an inconvenient residence for the ruler of the Empire, it was still chosen as a discreetly positioned capital of the Persian Empire. Yet clearly not a position chosen by the Persians, but merely reclaimed as their own work. Far away from the melting pot of developing Persian culture, the country's two capitals were Susa, Babylon, and Ekbatina. With the Greeks completely unaware of its existence throughout their own reign, only plundered by Alexander the Great's eventual far-reaching invasion. It is a site full of compelling features, most of which in direct contradiction to that which is claimed by modern academia, and indeed their institutional cohorts, Iran's museums. It is a site we find highly compelling. In our last video, we covered the enormous artificially created platform known as Persepolis. Claimed as the work of the Persians, I believe, however, due to the astonishingly advanced nature of the stonework present at the site, and also the inscription of it having been an offering by the gods, given to the previous Persian king, that regardless of academic assertions, it is a surviving relic of a civilization far older than they would ever admit to. Found upon several gold and silver tablets found buried within the site, inscribed with a message left by these more modern inhibitors, thanking the gods for the creation of said site, concluded by many ancient civilizations all over the world. Who, due to the rigidity of the protected paradigms regarding the chronological timeline of man, are claimed as the builders of said sites, regardless of whether these same institutions' archaeological endeavors prove them incapable? Sites that these so-called builders must have been perceived as only ever being able to have been built by the gods themselves. For even to this day, they remain astonishingly ancient achievements, undoubtedly the work of a highly advanced, technologically innovative lost civilization. Nakshai Rustam, for example, an ancient necropolis located about 12 kilometers northwest of Persepolis, is in a set of rock-cut structures, hewn from the mountainside, with such precision, they are simply unexplainable as the work of any ancient civilization academia has permitted the study of. Clearly made by the same civilization that once created Persepolis, as within this area there are countless enigmatic and astonishingly precise stone structures, some created using enormous megalithic blocks, while others carved directly out of solid stone. My own recent research, which has differentiated two ancient civilizations, the Cyclopean and the Polygonal civilizations, is solely based on the separation of their technological prowess, differentiations and similarities with the Cyclopians, although not displaying the same capability of building walls as that of the Polygonals, were still linked to astonishing builds, such as Petra. These astounding structures also carved straight from bedrock, extremely similar to many of the rock-cut structures found throughout Iran. However, Persepolis possesses some techniques that although no one has seemingly looked at closely, is a strange, unique method of linking the stones of some of these structures together. Not only an enigmatic structure, predictably claimed as the tomb of Cyrus, but they are also present within the impressive, yet seemingly demolished fortress, possibly destroyed during an invasion which can be found nearby. Known as the Fortress of Pasargode, this building is not only constructed using Cyclopean's signature blocks, but it seems the same clamping techniques was used within its construction. Intriguingly, however, although these mysterious clamping features are still within the tomb of Cyrus, they are all seemingly missing from the fortress in Pasargode. The questions these anomalies raise are many a number, yet unlike academia, we do not claim to know the answers. We are merely in pursuit of them, slowly compiled from our gathering of the inexplicable sites worldwide. Eventually, we hope to decipher not only why they were placed there, who built such structures, but indeed, how. Naqash-e-Rastam is not the only rock-cut structure of astonishing precision found within Iran. Many other precision-cut artifacts can be found littering the area. Madah in Salah, for example, being a series of structures also claimed as tombs, created from single enormous rocks. To claim such work as that of primitive tool-wielding ancestors, I find absurd. Yet the more I look into these sites, the more confusing and thus enigmatic they become. Not only does academia claim that the plateau of Persepolis was completed, which is clearly not only an obvious misconception, but also the unfinished sections seem to have been attempted to have been finished with primitive tools. But certain places within the area possessed the stonework of the Cyclopean civilization, yet with unique clamping techniques found only in Iran. With additional structures, which are located near the rock-cut structures of Naqash-e-Rastam, seemingly having been cut and built with blocks of a deliberately opposite type of cutting style. Several alternative scholars who have explored this site have hypothesized that many areas were attempted to have been renovated and reconstructed by a later civilization. And although we know that many of the surviving columns toppled during Alexander the Great's invasion were indeed re-erected, the enigmatic chisel marks found throughout the site, and also the Cyclopean style blocks found within the fortress on the hill, to us, seems to indicate that whoever attempted these finishing works were far less capable than those who originally created the ancient ruins found throughout Iran. Furthermore, evidential features found within the area of Persepolis, one such feature, known as the Great Staircase, is seemingly the most highly advanced precision work of the Cyclopians, this pinnacle in architectural design indicating the nearing of the end of their legacy upon our planet. Did they merely rediscover these incredible rock-cut structures? Were they the builders of such? For regardless of the fact that I have indeed linked their work to the astonishing feats of Petra, the similarly astonishing rock-cut temples of India and also Myra, which we have confirmed through the identification of the stonework and toolmarks as having indeed been the work of the Cyclopians, were these ancient sites their final creations left unfinished due to their demise? If so, the question remains, why do so many structures contain enigmatic techniques of clamping found nowhere else on earth? And why are these structures near Nakashi Rustam seemingly built in direct opposite methods to their signature-cut stones, reliefs instead? Were they the work of the same civilization, or possibly a third as yet undiscovered group, who clearly accomplished an astounding degree of skill in stone carving themselves? We find ancient Iran not only perplexing, but incredibly compelling. Who built the Bolavi Mausoleum? There are many as yet unexplained ruins which can be found within modern-day Turkey, the temples of Balback, the Petra Pipelines, among many others, yet the Bolavi Mausoleum, like the other most astonishing ancient structures to be found here upon our earth, are quietly overlooked. It is a monumental ancient structure located near Saichuk in the Aegean province of Izmish. It is the second largest ancient mausoleum in Anatolia, which, predictably, academia contends as a tomb, dated from the Hellenistic era around the 3rd century BC. However, like many other of the wondrous ancient structures to be found within antiquity, it contains astonishing, precise, as yet unexplained architecture indicative of a lost knowledge, thus lost civilization. The Bolavi Mausoleum has seemingly survived the eons, still possessing an array of compelling features which fly in the face of current academic explanation. How did an ancient civilization, even if, as academia claims, was placed a mere 2,000 years ago, accomplish such precision within the stonework? Or indeed, accomplish such precision in the placement of such enormous ancient stones? It is known as a tomb, because, like many of the other structures that were clearly of an astonishing nature at earlier times within history, were undoubtedly chosen by leading individuals as their place of burial. With the ruler of the Selucid dynasty, Antiochus II Theos, his nickname, meaning God, was given to him by the residents of Miletus. Antiochus II died in 246 BC. This body, and indeed his rather modern legacy, has allowed academia to claim a date to the construction. However, the advanced precision techniques involved in its original build are, fortunately, still clear for all to see. Indeed, the Bolavi Mausoleum could have once been the burial site of an important person. Yet we feel that this original individual dates from a time far before anything academia would ever permit the admittance of. The chamber, or sarcophagus of the mausoleum, precisely carved from solid rock, had a square plan with a length of 29 meters and a height of 10 meters. From the outside, the rock obscuring the mausoleum was covered with marble slabs. The marble was traced to a quarry in the vicinity of Ephesus, yet to complete the decorations of the mausoleum, up to 2,500 cubic meters of marble had to have once been excavated. There was also once a second level, surrounded by 28 columns, although over the eons, this has virtually turned to dust. When completed, it would have formed a steep pyramid with a statue crowning its top. Who built the Bolavi Mausoleum? Was it once an elaborate ancient tomb? If so, who was buried there? It is undoubtedly highly compelling. Tokyo's Imperial Palace, home of the Japanese emperor and a place which holds many secrets. Some, it seems, hidden in plain sight for countless centuries. For many years, people have visited this marvelous building, and the perfectly kept grounds it is placed within. What is interesting regarding its historical history is the fact that much of it is hidden and yet to be told. The oldest historical accounts for the palace date back to 1457 AD, when a great warrior known as Edo Shigetsugu built the castle Edo on the site. Edo's clan would perish in the 15th century as a result of uprisings in the Kanto and Ota Dokan regions of Japan. However, what is interesting regarding the palace's construction is its foundations, including the exterior wall, which many now believe was already in existence before the castle's construction, and also the reason the site was chosen all those years ago by the warrior Edo himself. The construction techniques visible in the original construction are clearly evidence of highly advanced building techniques completed by a clearly highly advanced civilization, and these methods used within the foundations were not replicated throughout the more recent structure, as if forgotten between builds. Additionally, a piece of artifactual evidence was recently covered. A highly compelling building technique, which unquestionably links many ancient sites to one another, found all over the world, showing an intercontinental sharing of building knowledge many millennia ago. Known as the missing metal clamps, their carved seats still present upon many of the most ancient stonework at the palace, eroded away metal clamps used to keep the stones firmly in place as they settled over the following years after construction. Present at countless sites across the world, a technique somehow shared worldwide, only differing from country to country in their process of manufacture. The evidence to suggest that the palace of Japan is in fact built upon a far older and possibly once far more spectacular structure seems overwhelming, yet questions remain, most obvious of which, who built the structure to begin with? When did they build it? And what was its purpose? Thankfully, the more we understand regarding the perplexing techniques used by this elusive, yet clearly once highly advanced civilization, the more of these ruins we are seemingly spotting, allowing for their study and subsequent preservation before lost forever. Thanks for watching guys, and until next time, take care. With select areas quarried out, subsequently used to build numerous ruins throughout the area. However, what many people have seemingly overlooked, and we presume funded academics have deliberately ignored, are the signatures left all over the stonework throughout the network of caverns, strongly indicating that this huge complex was once somehow hewn by ancient man. Also, and perhaps most intriguingly, is that this task was completed using a number of different advanced tools, whose marking, thanks to ours and others astute research, has also been found scarred upon many other ancient sites, some located far away from this enigmatic cave system. The stone, once quarried out to create this enormous cavern, subsequently located as having been used to create a number of remarkable precision cut monuments, including a once existing wall, which surrounded an ancient site known as Hyron. Additionally, due to the realization of this quarried stone having been used in Hyron, in addition to our own previous research, we have successfully linked Basda to yet more ancient ruins, all dated to vastly different areas within history. Thanks to our channel's creator possessing a photographic memory, we have correlated undeniable characteristic similarities, connecting many of these ancient sites throughout the world. Firstly, the signatures left by advanced stone cutting technologies, tool marks left upon the cave system's walls, scars upon the stonework, which are present at many other sites, Baalback in Lebanon, Petra in Jordan, Yangshan quarry within China, and at least two rock cut monuments within India, the roof of a precision cut cave, and an unfinished temple known as Veduvankoyal. This crescent-shaped scarring, often of an overlapping fashion, we feel, is reminiscent of scars left by modern-day tunnel-boring equipment. Yet due to the lack of in-depth research surrounding such anomalies, with these tool marks, as far as we are aware, only receiving limited attention at Baalback, and merely photographed at Yangshan, have begun to name such markings ourselves in an effort to categorize and identify such curiosities being discovered worldwide, with these now known to us as Crescent Cup and Ring Marks. The second form of scarring, found upon much of the cave's roof, now known to us as grove and ridge markings, are distinctly different in form and appearance to the crescent cup and ring marks. These rows of grooved scars, however, are identical to those found in plain sight upon the unfinished obelisk located within Aswan quarry Egypt. A stone monument well over a thousand tons in weight, which has long been academically argued, has having been abandoned where it lay, due to a fault line discovered during the quarrying process. However, interestingly, others have presented strong evidence that this crack appeared later within history. A fellow alternative researcher, Chris Dunn, argues within his book, Advanced Technology in Ancient Egypt, that the crack happened later on in the obelisk's life, and that the monolith was abandoned before the fault appeared. Backing up his claim, he shows that details upon the monument were being engraved over the top of the location of the fault line, an undertaking that would have clearly been illogical. Although he does not put forward a postulation as to why this crack occurred, we believe it may have been due to a shift in the surrounding geography, more than likely a ground-shifting earthquake. Not only cracking the obelisk, but possibly due to an accompanied by a cataclysmic event, which quite possibly caused the demise of the civilization, who were liberating the obelisk, thus leaving it unfinished. But I digress. Our focus is upon the scars left by enigmatic, clearly advanced stone-cutting tools, preserved with clarity upon the erosion-resistant granite of the obelisk. These exact markings also undeniably litter the ceiling of the Bosda Cave. Additionally, these groove and ridge marks are also found upon the megalithic, often polygonal stonework within Peru at Cusco, the fortress of Sacsayhuaman and Machu Picchu, to name but a few. The third set of signature scarring upon the cave stone walls links Bosda Cave to another, similarly gigantic, artificially-created cave system, known as Longyu Caves, located within China. Once an undoubtedly immense excavation, yet the quarried stone from this undertaking has never been located.  However, thankfully, the quarried stone from the Bosda Cave systems, as mentioned, was utilized and located. However, the civilization responsible for shaping these quarried stones at Haran were unquestionably responsible for several other sites found around the world. YouTube channel New Earth first linking these curiously shaped stones to Nimad's fortress on Mount Hermann with Jarash in Jordan, with us continuing this trail of connecting ancient dots, thankfully due to the uniqueness of stonework. Let's compare the Nimrod fortress with this historic city in Jordan, which, according to mainstream sources, was conquered by the Romans and they built their typical Roman architecture consisting of columns and so on on the top of the older ruins.  Now those very same blocks, when they are in Balbek, they are telling us it's Roman. In the Temple Mount they are again assuring us that they are some 2000 years old. In Bosnia they are telling us they are whatever, three or more thousand years old and of course they are built by some obscure unknown tribe of which even the name they had to fabricate. Enabling us to link the Royal Kurgan in Crimea to New Earth's discoveries and now to the ancient ruins of Haran in Turkey. Not only can we argue that this cave system was indeed man-made, but is the only site we know of that possesses such an array of these enigmatic stone cutting technology scars. Allowing us to successfully link it to at least 15 ancient sites around the world. The cave itself, Bosran, Haran, Balbek, Petra, Jarash, Yangshan, Longyu, Vetivankoyl, Malmala-Param, Kusko, Saksehuaman and Machu Picchu, Nimrod's fortress and the Royal Kurgan. Possibly many others we are yet to recognize. In conclusion, the vast array of different, as yet unidentified, advanced stone cutting equipment scars present within the cave, each leaving its own unique signature upon the stone. The shaping of these stones, unique to an unknown civilization's signature handiwork, found worldwide, used within an array of as yet unexplained ruins. Academically claimed to be of vastly different ages and the work of vastly different cultures. We find it not only clear evidence of academic fallacy, but incredibly compelling.  Countless artifacts and historical studies can and have been undertaken into their existence. We are able to decipher their daily lives, their religious beliefs and practices, even their languages. However, in doing so, we have never been able to decode any knowledge or explanation for the countless seemingly impossible ancient feats lost abilities of stone masonry. No documentation found within any hieroglyph, literature, parchment or other ancient text. Yet pyramids, polygonal masonry, multi-thousand-ton megaliths, along with countless other curious clear signatures of a lost civilization's work exists. And due to this mystery regarding how these sites were created, we have to presume that those who constructed them were placed at a far earlier time within history, one that was prior to a global flood, possibly the aftermath of a near-extinction level event, manifesting as a form of global amnesia and severing connections between continents, possibly for ten thousand years. Segesta within Sicily not only looks the same age as that of the foundation walls of Baalback, and indeed the gargantuan megaliths found within the trilithon, but the enormous temple is still standing along with its amphitheater, which, if we look to the still surviving polygonal stage flooring present at the theater within Delphi, a site we have covered in the past, one which is also littered with polygonal walls. We find more support for the theory that these amphitheaters, with their incredible acoustics, are also remnants left by this same lost civilization. Yet we feel the smoking gun are the pertuberances which are still visible within its foundation blocks. It is of no surprise to us that its origins are hotly contested, with many academic teams concluding that it was merely the work of traveling Trojans. This regardless of the multi-ton columns that were so perfectly laid, they all still stand to this day. When one considers that pertuberances are found on polygonal masonry all around the world, and that modern stone masons are now exploring interlocking blocks with some such as large Lego blocks already in mass production, it is no surprise that while many claim it to be Greek, others claim it not. This will not cease anytime soon. Many religious beliefs have gained traction in regard to its original purpose. Thus conveniently, there is little chance that this contention will move forward. Who built the ruins of Sigesta? When did they build them? We find the possibilities highly compelling. Ancient U-parts are undoubtedly one of the most interesting subjects in regard to lost antiquities. Many of these artifacts, due to the locations in which they are found within, or the immense age displayed within the erosion seen upon the object, makes them one of the most controversial areas of study. How can one answer the question of how an iron pod is found within a solid lump of coal within a seam over 300 million years in age? Or how the clear imprint of a chariot wheel is found fossilized deep within a mine in Russia? These artifacts, found at hundreds of feet deep in sediment or displaying a wooden handle petrified into coal, display an undeniably immense age, and as such, are solid pieces of evidence to support our posit of there having been a series of now lost civilizations stretching far into the past. Nature is infamous in being cyclical. Why then would we not be permitted by mainstream academia to presume this be the case for the climates of the Earth as well? Regardless of this digression, however, the subject of tonight's video is an incredible artifact which we believe to be that of an ancient U-part. However, due to its incredible characteristic, is being masqueraded as that of a much later creation by a far more recent ancestor. Known as the Sword of Gujan, this intriguing artifact has somehow resisted the effects of time, and although it is enormously old, is seemingly as sharp and as shiny today as the day it was made. This remarkable characteristic, although unexplained, is not the only interesting thing about the sword. It also features an incredibly old form of writing. Eight characters are written in an ancient script, now known as bird worm seal script, literally birds and worms characters, owing to the intricate decorations of the defining strokes, it is very old and is attested to be a variant of seal script. In 1965, while an archaeological survey was being performed along the second main aqueduct of the Zhang River Reservoir in Jingxiao, Ubei, the series of ancient tombs were discovered. A dig started in the middle of October 1965, ending in January 1966, eventually revealing more than 50 ancient tombs. More than 2,000 artifacts were recovered from the sites, including the sword, having been found inside a casket together with a human skeleton. The casket was discovered in the December of 1965 at the Wangshan site No. 1, 7 km from the ruins of Ying, currently called Zhenishang, once the ancient capital of Chu. The sword was found sheathed in a wooden scabbard, finished in black lacquer. The scabbard had an almost airtight fit with the sword body. Unsheathing the sword revealed an untarnished blade, despite the tomb being soaked in underground water for over 2,000 years. How did this sword retain its incredible condition? Why does it seem as if it is resistant to aging? What sort of metallurgy did the swordsmith once use to create such an amazing object? It is clearly an ancient upart, and one we postulate has an origin now hidden within the bowels of history. It is a remarkable thing, and as such, is highly compelling. In our previous video, we presented a hypothesis, a theory believed by many, one of a now lost or possibly hidden race of ancient giants. Surprisingly, however, recently, although China is seen as an infamously secretive country, with many tombs and ancient pyramids of gargantuan proportions rarely aerial photographed, let alone explored, it seems that they have, at last, stolen the archaeological world stage, with the announcement of a discovery which we may relish, but those whom these remains rest just beyond the clutches of, we would presume rather get a hold of themselves to study, and then store away at hidden archives, far from public view, an ongoing effort we have personally read of, dating back to the early 1900s. An ancient graveyard, complete with over 500 giant human remains, has not only been accidentally discovered, but publicly exhumed, and most crucial of all, photographed for all the world to see within China. Could this be a retaliatory move with other motives at play? If our previously mentioned theory is true, it would enable man to explain the inexplicably seemingly impossible size of many of the world's megaliths, and indeed still standing megalithic structures of the world. How a pyramidal, treasury, and many other ancient architectures, lintels, and topstones, often weighing many hundreds of tons, were not only transported from quarries many hundreds of miles, but placed aloft many meters with seeming ease. Furthermore, we have in the past not only postulated and have also presented reams of witness testimony and photographic cooperation, still to be found in newspaper archives across the western world, describing these finds, but also the Smithsonian's efficiency in not only dealing with the matter, but disappearance of any further reporting, thus exploration, this also supporting the reason for lost pieces of the puzzle, which is inhibiting us from unlocking the secrets to these sites' construction. Perhaps we may never know the true motivations for such a controversial exposure in China, but nonetheless, the resulting fallout of proof presented for our community is a step closer to the truth, the untangling of a tired and tangled web of lies in which many have weaved. For at the bottom of Pandora's box, there is always hope. Phoenix Hill, Xi'an Biqiu, China. In 1994, an extremely mysterious discovery would be made. Considered by the Chinese as the ninth ancient wonder of the world. A series of 24 ancient, artificial caves were discovered, specialists have been quietly astounded by them. And the more we learn, the more of a spectacular and mysterious achievement they are seen to be. The first thing that struck explorers were their size. Each cave has a minimum floor space of 1,000 square feet, an unimaginable undertaking at the time they were thought to have been constructed. Officially dated prior to the dynasties of China, which began 3,000 years ago, meaning they are very, very old. The walls of the caves are scarred with strange uniform tool marks. The weird thing about the markings, is that they are all set on a 60-degree angle, every single chisel mark within the cave system without exception, is on an exact 60-degree cutting angle. This has led many to suspect that the caves must have somehow been dug using advanced machinery. However, because this feature is unique within our current knowledge of ancient structures, the angle of cutting could indeed have been made by hand, with the purpose of decoration, but this would have made the job of cutting them out even more laborious. Additionally, once the caves had been assessed and explored, a remarkable thing was realized, although the caves with the result of excavating thousands and thousands of tons of rock, this rock seems to have vanished from existence. There is no trace of a spoil pile anywhere to be seen, it is as if the caves have always been there. No traces of their construction has ever been found anywhere, no cave writings, drawings, tools, or human remains, and nothing within historical records. The caves construction simply doesn't make sense, and any evidence for their construction doesn't exist. Add to this the fact that the cave systems prelate Chinese civilization by some time, and show evidence of being cut out by machine. And along you caves undoubtedly become a curiosity to scientific explanation, and historical understanding, to say the least. These remarkable caves, are a very strong and solid piece of evidence to suggest that advanced cultures have already been hanged on this planet, or that visitors of extraterrestrial origin, visited the planet, prior to human development. As far as I am aware, these are the only two possible scenarios for the builders of such a construction. The caves systems are well over 3000 years old and still intact, whoever was capable of constructing them, was also capable of disposing of the huge mountains of rock that would have been excavated, without leaving any evidence of how they did this, or indeed built the caves anywhere. The caves are known as one of the largest underground complexes ever discovered. The fact that more is not heard about this wonderful place, is testament to their extraordinary existence, meaning no one within the scientific community, can, or want to try to explain them. Also, which I found highly interesting, when they were discovered they were completely filled with water, whether this was once salt water, has not been disclosed, but I have personal suspicions as to how this water came to rest within these underground cabins. No fish were found within the caves, which many found odd. However, if you suspected that the waters be residual leftovers from a great flood, water from the great seas of earth, then over time, salt levels would plummet and fish accustomed to sea water would have died. Who do you think built the long new caves? The caves existence hint towards a hidden history here on our planet, the history that we must unravel if we are ever to fully understand ourselves, and our hope.