All right, cyber traders good afternoon and welcome on back here this Thursday July 1st top of the month to everybody here Great to see all of us live inside cyber group and all of us on social media Facebook live and YouTube So without further ado, let's hop right into the thick of things here as we always do But you know doughnut DNUT not Dunkin doughnuts. I'll probably trip me up going forward But Krispy Kreme new IPO, right? So, you know, we were talking about this early in the morning after the market opened up one of our students I think Bonnie first referenced it and hey, it's a popular company It's relatively inexpensive, you know and compared to some of the other, you know more popular companies that that were often IPO So hey, it provides a great opportunity to trade. We don't guarantee it's gonna pop and run like it did But when the stars align it provides for a great trade. So to go over this trade really quickly I know Fausto is in this stock as a swing Actually during his webinar earlier today. He was wrapping it up and that's when this thing first started trading So kind of caught him for a loop and he ended up jumping in actually at the end of his introductory today trading webinar I know that's on our YouTube channel right now We we hosted that earlier today at least so for all of us in social media if you're interested in looking at that at The very end you could actually find that right on our YouTube channel youtube.com slash cyber trading you However, we ended up seeing the stock make a nice pop ran over 17 I ended up jumping in this trade myself going into the mid-mid afternoon shortly after 1 30 I was expecting a sharper drop actually to be honest with you I felt it was worthy of taking the trade in terms of just the level But I waited for this to break below 18 and then on the pushback above it the slingshot as we kind of call it I ended up going long It was on a 500 share account position half size for myself I didn't really you know expect the type of squeeze that we ended up getting here So I left the fortune on the table. I took a clean 50 cents I'm content with that but man this ended up giving us a lot more so you know for right now Just you know it's a stock that we were watching going into this afternoon meeting and new IPO We're all familiar with the company at least Krispy Kreme, but you know aside from that I just say trading a lot of volume off an IPO spreads a little wacky It's starting to open up a little bit more the more it pushes up and pops but the liquidity is still great So we don't really trade IPOs too frequent, you know, we'll call them out say we look at this But you know really the IPOs are not as liquid, you know, it's very rare to find a really liquid IPO one that has a very tight spread and pretty you know filled in order book I always like to show this just for reference, but one of the more recent IPOs just over the last 365 days Palantir, right? This was the last one I was like really chomping at the bit for knowing that they were coming out I didn't really know much about the company but point being the stock was extremely liquid They had a high market valuation, but a relatively low price I think relatively big float for the company too So that's what led us to trade this stock back in the end of 2020 ended up pushing up beautifully from like 10 to God knows what and then you know with that said DNUT We'll put this on our watch list for the afternoon Hopefully to see this push up again towards 20 and see what I could do from there All right, but aside from that though we have class coming up later on today folks I believe Fausto is finishing up on not not so much finishing up I know that he actually had a bit of an issue in the morning class day He's gonna make it up to all of our gold platinum diamond CTU students by doing an extra class next week But with that in mind Fausto is continuing the phase three course later on this afternoon with our next live trading class So let's go across the gainers and losers list pretty quickly folks. We'll see what else we got I'll just you know be very transparent as I always am there is one stock that I am currently in I was talking about it Just before inside cyber group. I'll get to that stock pretty shortly from right now. I See it on the gainer side there All right, so for right now. We'll start from the top. I guess another IPO CPOP Not really familiar with the stock. I didn't really see it get called out even from yesterday It looks like I made a huge move from like 1226 all the way to 35 gapped up this morning and popped up to 78 Look at the spread look how you know empty the order book is you know in contrast to the donut trade DNUT So, you know the price the liquidity everything just this stock is not really tradable for us here Now on the flip side this one certainly was it's not as much right now the ATHE trade made a hell of a squeeze off of two I was in this trade a couple of times today two times perhaps But I ended up taking a two cent loss at first and then when it ended up snaking back up here I ended up jumping in and again another trade where I wasn't expecting the end result that we got I was expecting a move perhaps up to 225 230 to see it break the HOD the high of the day And that's what I got I took that profit, but man this just kept going You know, you always worry about a stock like this. I mean all of the percent gainers for the most part I don't know what the float is on this perhaps a little bit high not even 15 million share flow That's kind of low the reason I'm surprised by that is the fact that this stock has really filled in order book tons of Big orders on the bid in the ask now it had that from earlier. That's what made this stock such a great trade So it ended up popping from two and man ended up giving us way more than we would have expected But what I was worried about on the run-up here ended up happening going into the late morning shortly prior to 11 a.m You know it ended up making a false breakout above 265 above 270 and then Damn once the selling kicked in there was no looking back on that, right? I mean just this is the drop-off in volume at least from the run-up But once this begins to snake back down and break below a big support and the selling volume kicks in You hope to see it come back But that doesn't mean that you should try and hold on to a trade right because clearly in this case This never came back not even up to 250 so Can I do that tomorrow? Can I do that this afternoon? I don't think you could do that this afternoon just between you and I but you know keep it in mind for tomorrow That's all keep it in mind for tomorrow morning. You know could be a good sideless stock The meds trade I think I may have skipped over maybe the ATHE was up a little bit more time But yeah, this one from pre-market. We called out Fausta went over this during the morning meeting He actually went over this during the introductory webinar earlier again for all of us in social media But nonetheless this stock ended up dropping off quite nicely ended up bottoming out roughly off of seven and six fifty here So, you know, I guess it's trying to make a squeeze back up But I'm not too convinced just yet of the run, you know if it ends up making a big pop one of us on YouTube You know calls it out later on during this meeting. I'll take a look, but for right now pass The Emron trade ended up making well, of course as you could see a big spike as soon as the market opened up from roughly 1150 up towards just about 20 men I mean history repeats itself once again on this trade for as much as it ran up back on Tuesday of this week to go from 8 to 17 18 bucks that was what ended up completely diving off in the after hours We knew that was coming. Well, obviously today it ended up making a huge pop once again But you know it's since dumped off making that second wind type of move right now from roughly, you know above 14 Perhaps you could say 1420 ish if that's the bottom. Yeah, so hey given the given the push right now It's hard to not put this stock back on our list Actually, it has a great spread great liquidity given the move up. So I'll definitely put this on our list for the meantime All right, cool My one trade that I'm in I'll get to in just a moment. I have a track to my other monitor here I'm up, you know, just about 25 cents. So I'm not really too worried Got my stop set in case for craps out, but we're just about to go over that one in just a bit So let's see what else we got first out. I'm actually how about this a stock that? Man this thing put me through the spin cycle today I always comment on a stock if it's gone up and down up and down, you know big crazy move I like to say it's been through the spin cycle today This stock took me through the spin cycle and thankfully I ended up doing all right on it But at first I had to like double down triple down even and it was ugly So I'm staying away from this trade for right now. There's WNW I was really hopeful to see this stock make like that same type of you know pop and run that MRI N made the reason I say that Look at the daily chart. This was an IPO back in 2020 at the end of last year popped from whatever price 1350 all the way up a few days later topped off of over 140 just about 150 is that 160 68 So, you know, you could only hope to see just a fraction of that type of squeeze on a given day And we ended up getting it early in pre-market I was hopefully catch it after the open and that was my first trade today But man it ended up putting me through the spin cycle. Fortunately, I came across unscathed But it ended up making me pull some hair out first So I'd stay away from this stock for right now if it shows a lot of pre-market activity come tomorrow morning You know regardless of how much up or down it may be then I'll be interested in it But I got to see some true direction and in the case of buying to see a lot of buying coming in on the tape All right, so here we go B. Oh, I and I am in this trade Practically off the LOD right now and to go over that move really quickly for all of us in cyber group Yesterday's opening bell prints on this trade the opening price the opening bell prints as we like to call it The daily chart says 487 level for book map and the tape the time in sales program It would show 478 that was the level that I was tracking the stock off of going into the afternoon So I'm currently long on 1500 shares from 480 481 roughly I guess I'm averaged in that but I took 500 shares out under five bucks before I started the meeting to at least Ensure some sort of profit, but you know for right now this stock seems to still be on a nice move up for the meantime You know what? I'll keep it on our side list just because I'm in it doesn't mean I'm gonna put it on our main list 480 made for a great entry, but how much more is this gonna give us? I Don't know really. I don't know I'm asking out loud So I don't want to just put this on our list because I'm in it I'm ready up, you know 30 cents on it So unless if you were one of the members inside cyber group that jumped in on this trade with me when I told you I the second I got filled I told you I was in but um, you know ended up pushing up pretty nicely I'll come back to it perhaps by the end of this meeting see where it's at I'm tracking it of course my other monitor so if it ends up dumping off I'll likely just take a smaller profit get out Didi another IPO here. I'm not familiar with the company, but damn for 136 million shares today very similar to the donut trade Looks like this came out yesterday popped and then dropped and now up today gapped up in pre-market and pushing up beautifully here So, you know, I'll put it on our list. I mean it definitely I'll put it on our list It looks like there was actually a lot of volume traded off of 1680 the reason I say that if you actually look on the far right side of my screen The high of the day is 1690 You had a lot of volume filled off of 1680 looking at the volume bars on the matrix So if that ends up testing 1680 look for a lot of green to come in on the tape Perhaps that could be your true breakout level All right, SLCA kind of near the high of the day But the stock's trading like piss poor volume right now per minute So I'm gonna pass on it for the meantime You know liquidity isn't really a too filled in on that book which actually could complement that type of move But let's see what else we got first Sorrento familiar name pushed up beautifully for us earlier this morning Higher highs now across the last hour What I mean by that is really here the low it popped up higher lows a little higher highs pattern here Hasn't broken a true high the day yet obviously, but you know getting close to getting close there now I mean, I don't mind putting this on the side list definitely for us here in the trading room It's a stock that we are very familiar with in the meantime at least How about this it tell you what I'm probably gonna pluck another 500 shares out just on that a Traded beginning to slip back down a little bit. I don't want to look like a jerk and waste the whole trade So now I have just about a thousand shares left, but yeah, it took 500 shares out right there in the BLIN All right, let's see what else we got here across the gainer side markets pushing markets pushing up beautifully folks Let me zoom out on the five minute. You'll see the S&P ETF to spy I mean really across the last two days in total, but you know I'd expect there to be more stocks on the gainers list today just with that in mind or at least stocks that we're familiar with Are you I not much not much going on there APRE familiar name The stock has a huge gap to potentially fill in the daily chart if I could show that All right, let's not just about does it on the gainers and folks if there's anything else that you see That's up and type it in the chat board. Let me know Bunch of crap hard to borrow on the loser's end I truly mean it when I say that because unless if there's a stock that is Already destroyed down like 50% or more and we could try and do a debt cap bounce on that Unless if that's the case I'm gonna just try and find stocks that are just easy to borrow not hard to borrow and Damn like the entire loser's list is littered with stocks that are hard to borrow This stock is easy to borrow for me AFM D and just pretty flat albeit. It's kind of near the lows All right, I'll tell you what folks. I'm not lazy when I do this, but they're up actually there's one We'll look at one more, but aside from this TIGR. I don't see anything that resembles a familiar name a stock that we could Possibly try a short or trade This still looks even very choppy. It's a stock that we're familiar with at least so I wanted to check it out That's it All right, so we got a few chats here from Martha inside cyber group along said RJF on YouTube saying the MRIN trade is moving We commented on that just before right so this one's already on our watch list You know it made the bounce already from 14 20 ish and still great liquidity spreads gonna open up a bit as it continues to go up To 17, but yeah for right now. This will be one a few stocks that we actually put on our main list All right, Jean there we go man Jean got 23 cents just now and that BOI entry that I was calling out before we started this meeting He got in from 487 practically with me there. He got stopped out at 510. I straight And Jean picked up 23 cents on DNUT actually earlier right before right as we started this meeting Cool All right folks. How about this? Let me know if there's anything up down left right more than 5% that you would want me to check out before we wrap up the show for today Fausta is going to continue the phase 3 stock course later on today folks I know the Greg will post the link for that pretty shortly once I'm done with the meeting here perhaps Not a whole lot doing on Bitcoin We talked about right it briefly yesterday, and that was kind of a flop ended up pushing up just a tiny bit But not really much going on after the meeting ended from yesterday, right? I'll show the Bitcoin chart tomorrow and I have more time So look at one stock I got from Benzinga Pro just at the high of the day CmRx It's up 8 and a half 9% Doesn't look terrible The only thing is that it's trading relatively low volume at this time of the day 625,000 shares this time of the day That's not really a whole lot unless if this is like way more than what the stock typically does on an average basis And it is not so I don't know. I'm not really too particular to add this stock right now. It's you know, it looks all right, but I Think that I feel like I'm kind of content right now You have three stocks on the main list. I'll check back in on the BLIN. I said here at the end It's a familiar name just from the last day or so You know, I'll call it out in the trading room I'm sure but my only concern again is that hey if we start this meeting before drop down to 480 I'd probably put it on our list because for all of us in social media I would give you folks a chance to try and jump in on this trade again Just because a minute doesn't mean I'm gonna like put it on our watch list You know if for any one of us that were in cyber group like Jean He did pretty well in the trade, but we'll see if there's others any new opportunities otherwise Sorrento, I will add to our list. It's a familiar name And otherwise we don't really have too stop too many stocks on the list thus far and still pushing up You know pretty commonly up towards the HOD perhaps I think I'm gonna let the thousand shares I have in BLIN right out though. Otherwise I did ball in the morning. So even if I waste a good chunk of that profit, and I don't really care It's non-factor Alright folks that will wrap it up for me here today for all of us in social media Facebook live YouTube Actually, I believe this is just a YouTube stream only today again. There was another issue on Facebook or on Facebook So food for thought if you're interested in catching our streams I'd say YouTube is probably the better source But otherwise I'd say join us live inside our trading room to catch the majority of the action outside of these broadcasts You can go right down to the link on the banner below for all of us on YouTube just to get yourself started on a small trial I'll be continuing the audio here right at 3 o'clock. I'll be back on at 3 p.m Eastern time for all of us not joining Fausto at least in the phase 3 course I'll be making call lots of you folks heading into the close here. All right. I'll talk to you all soon. Take care


The Striding Place by Gertrude Atherton. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Recording by Kessie. Weigle, continental and detached, tired early of grouse shooting, to stand propped against a sod fence while his host's workmen routed up the birds with long poles and drove them towards the wading guns, made him feel himself a parody on the ancestors who had roamed the moors and forests of this west riding of Yorkshire in hot pursuit of game worth the killing. But when in England in August, he always accepted whatever proffered for the season and invited his host to shoot pheasants on his estates in the south. The amusements of life, he argued, should be accepted with the same philosophy as its ills. It had been a bad day. A heavy rain had made the moor so spongy that it fairly sprang beneath the feet. Whether or not the grouse had haunts of their own, wherein they were immune from rheumatism, the bag had been small. The woman, too, were an unusually dull lot with the exception of a new-minded debutante who bothered Weigle at dinner by demanding the verbal restoration of the vague paintings on the vaulted roof above them. But it was no one of these things that sat on Weigle's mind as, when the other men went up to bed, he let himself out of the castle and sauntered down to the river. His intimate friend, the companion of his boyhood, the chum of his college days, his fellow traveler in many lands, the man for whom he possessed stronger affection than for all men, had mysteriously disappeared two days ago, and his track might have sprung to the upper air for all trace he had left behind him. He had been a guest on the adjoining estate during the past week, shooting with the fervor of the true sportsman, making love in the intervals to Adeline Kavan, and apparently in the best of spirits. As far as was known, there was nothing to lower his mental mercury, for his rent roll was a large one. Miss Kavan blushed whenever he looked at her, and, being one of the best shots in England, he was never happier than in August. The suicide theory was preposterous, all agreed, and there was as little reason to believe him murdered. Nevertheless, he had walked out of March Abbey two nights ago without hat or overcoat, and had not been seen since. The country was being patrolled night and day. A hundred keepers and workmen were beating the woods and poking the bogs on the moors, but as yet, not so much as a handkerchief had been found. Wiggle did not believe for a moment that Wyatt Gifford was dead, and although it was impossible not to be affected by the general uneasiness, he was disposed to be more angry than frightened. At Cambridge, Gifford had been an incorrigible practical joker, and by no means had outgrown the habit. It would be like him to cut across the country in his evening clothes, board a cattle train, and amuse himself touching up the picture of the sensation in West Riding. However, Wiggle's affliction for his friend was too deep to companion with tranquility in the present state of doubt, and instead of going to bed early with other men, he determined to walk until ready for sleep. He went down to the river and followed the path through the woods. There was no moon, but the stars sprinkled their cold light upon the pretty belt of water, flowing placidly, plastered wood and ruin, between green masses of overhanging rocks, or sloping banks tangled with tree and shrub, leaping occasionally over stones with the harsh notes of an angry scold to recover its equanimity the moment the way was clear again. It was very dark in the depths where Wiggle trod. He smiled as he recalled a remark of Giffords. An English wood is like a good many other things in life, very promising at a distance, but a hollow mockery when you get within. You see daylight on both sides, and the sun freckles the very bracken. Our woods need the night to make them seem what they ought to be, what they once were before our ancestors' descendants demanded so much more money in these so much more various days. Wiggle strolled along, smoking, and thinking of his friend, his pranks, many of which had done more credit to his imagination than this, and recalling conversations that had lasted the night through. Just before the end of the London season, they had walked the streets one hot night after a party, discussing the various theories of the soul's destiny. That afternoon, they had met at the coffin of a college friend whose mind had been in blank for the past three years. Some months previously, they had called at the asylum to see him. His expression had been senile, his face imprinted with the record of debauchery. In death, the face was placid, intelligent, without ignoble lineation, the face of the man they had known at college. Wiggle and Gifford had had no time to comment there, and the afternoon and evening were full, but coming forth from the house of festivity together, they had reverted almost at once to the topic. I cherish the theory, Gifford had said, that the soul sometimes lingers in the body after death. During madness, of course, it is an impotent prisoner, albeit a conscious one. Fancy its agony and its horror. What more natural than that, when the life-spark goes out, the tortured soul should take possession of the vacant skull, and triumph once more for a few hours while old friends look their last. It has had time to repent while compelled to crouch and behold the state of its work, and it has shrived itself into a state of comparative purity. If I had my way, I should stay inside my bones until the coffin had gone into its niche, that I might aviate from my poor old comrade the tragic impersonality of death, and I should like to see just as done to it as it were, to see it lowered among its ancestors with the ceremonian solemnity that it or its do. I'm afraid that if I'd severed myself too quickly, I should yield to curiosity and hasten to investigate the mysteries of space. You believe in the soul as an independent entity, then, that it and the vital principle are not one and the same. Absolutely. The body and the soul are twins, life comrades, sometimes friends, sometimes enemies, but always loyal in the last instance. Someday, when I am tired of the world, I shall go to India and become a Mahatma, solely for the pleasure of receiving proof during life of this independent relationship. Suppose you were not sealed up properly and returned after one of your astral flights to find your earthly part unfit for habitation. It is an experiment I don't think I should care to try, unless even juggling with soul and flesh had pawled. That would not be an uninteresting predicament. I should rather enjoy experimenting with broken machinery. The high, wild roar of water suddenly smote upon Wagle's ear and checked his memories. He left the wood and walked out on the huge slippery stones which nearly closed the river wharf at this point, and watched the waters boil down into the narrow pass with their furious untiring energy. The black quiet of the woods rose high on either side. The stars seemed colder and whiter just above. On either hand, the perspective of the river might have run into a rayless cavern. There was no lonelier spot in England, nor one which had the right to claim so many ghosts, if ghosts there were. Wagle was not a coward, but he recalled uncomfortably the tales of those that had been done to death in the Strid. Footnote one. This striding place is called the Strid, a name which it took of Yor, a thousand years hath it borne the name, and it shall a thousand more. Wordsworth's boy of Egremond had been disposed of by the practical Whittaker, but countless others, more venturesome than wise, had gone down to that narrow boiling course, never to appear in the still pool a few yards beyond. Below the great rocks which formed the walls of the Strid was believed to be a natural vault onto whose shelves the dead were drawn.  Wagle stood, visioning skeletons, uncoffined and green, the home of the eyeless things which had devoured all that had covered and filled that rattling symbol of man's mortality, then fell to wondering if anyone had attempted to leap the Strid of late. It was covered with slime. He had never seen it look so treacherous. He shuddered and turned away, impelled despite his manhood to flee the spot. As he did so, something tossing in the foam below the fall, something as white yet independent of it, caught his eye and arrested his step. Then he saw that it was describing a contrary motion to the rushing water, an upward backward motion. Wagle stood rigid, breathless. He fancied he heard the crackling of his hair. Was that a hand? It thrust itself still higher above the boiling foam, turned sidewise, and four frantic fingers were distinctly visible against the black rock beyond. Wagle's superstitious terror left him. A man was there, struggling to free himself from the suction beneath the Strid, swept down doubtless, but a moment before his arrival, perhaps as he stood with his back to the current. He stepped as close to the edge as he dared. The hand doubled as if in implication, shaking savagely in the face of that force, which leaves its creatures to immutable law. Then spread wide again, clutching, expanding, crying for help as audibly as the human voice. Wagle dashed to the nearest tree, dragged and twisted off a branch with his strong arms, and returned as swiftly to the Strid. The hand was in the same place, still gesticulating as wildly. The body was undoubtedly caught in the rocks below, perhaps already halfway along one of those hideous shelves. Wagle let himself down upon a lower rock, braced his shoulder against the mass beside him. Then, leaning out over the water, thrust the branch into the hand. The fingers clutched at it convulsively. Wagle tugged powerfully. His own feet dragged perilously near the edge. For a moment, he produced no impression. Then an arm shot above the waters. The blood sprang to Wagle's head. He was choked with the impression that the Strid had him in her roaring hold, and he saw nothing. Then the mist cleared. The hand and arm were nearer, although the rest of the body was still concealed by the foam. Wagle peered out with distended eyes. The meager light revealed in the cuff slinks of a peculiar device. The fingers clutching the branch were as familiar. Wagle forgot the slippery stones, the terrible death if he stepped too far. He pulled with passionate will and muscle. Memories flung themselves into the hot light of his brain, trooping rapidly upon each other's heels, as in the thought of the drowning. Most of the pleasures of his life, good and bad, were identified in some way with this friend. Scenes of college days, of travel, where they had deliberately sought adventure and stood between one another and death upon more occasions than one, of hours of delightful companionship among the treasures of art, and others in the pursuit of pleasure, flashed like the changing particles of kaleidoscope. Wagle had loved several women, but he would have flouted in these moments the thought that he had ever loved any woman as he loved Wyatt Gifford. There were so many charming women in the world, and in the 32 years of his life, he had never known another man to whom he had cared to give his intimate friendship. He threw himself upon his face. His wrists were cracking, the skin was torn from his hands, the fingers still gripped the stick. There was life in them yet. Suddenly something gave way. The hands swung about, tearing the branch from Wagle's grasp. The body had been liberated and flung outward, though still submerged by the foam and spray. Wagle scrambled to his feet and sprang along the rocks, knowing that the danger from suction was over, and that Gifford must be carried straight by it pool. Gifford was a fish in the water and could live under it longer than most men. If he survived this, it would not be the first time that his pluck and science had saved him from drowning. Wagle reached the pool. A man in his evening clothes floated on it. His face turned towards a projecting rock over which his arm had fallen, upholding the body. The hand that had held the branch hung limply over the rock, its white reflection visible in the black water. Wagle plunged into the shallow pool, lifted Gifford in his arms, and returned to the bank. He laid the body down and threw off his coat that he might be the freer to practice the methods of resuscitation. He was glad of the moment's respite. The valiant life in the man might have been exhausted in that last struggle. He had not dared to look at his face to put his ear to the heart. The hesitation lasted but a moment. There was no time to lose. He turned to his prostrate friend. As he did so, something strange and disagreeable smote his senses. For a half moment, he did not appreciate its nature. Then his teeth clacked together, his feet, his outstretched arms pointed toward the woods. But he sprang to the side of the man and bent down and peered into his face. There was no face. End of recording. And yet my heart will not confess he owes the malady that doth my life besiege. All's well that ends well. That was the worst of Ravenel Hall. The passages were long and gloomy. The rooms were musty and dull. Even the pictures were somber and their subjects dire. On an autumn evening, when the wind soft and wailed to the trees in the park, and the dead leaves whistled and chatter'd while the rain clamored at the windows, small wonder that folks with gentle nerves went astraying in their wits. An acute nervous system is a grievous burden on the deck of a yacht under sunlit skies. At Ravenel, the chain of nerves was prone to clash and jangle a funeral march.  Or becoming scared, poor ghost, of your bolds' dyes and dropping jaw, he quenches expectation by not appearing at all. So I am left to conclude that it was tea which made my acquaintance afraid to stay at Ravenel. Even Wilvern gave over, and as he is in the guards and a polo-player, his nerves ought to be strong enough. On the night before he went I was explaining to him my theory that if you place some drops of human blood near you and then concentrate your thoughts, you will after a while see before you a man or a woman who will stay with you during the long hours of the night and even meet you at unexpected places during the day. I was explaining this theory, I repeat, when he interrupted me with words, senseless enough, which sent me fencing and parrying strangers on my guard. I say, Alistair, my dear chap, he began, you ought to get out of this place and go up to town and knock about a bit. You really ought to know. Yes, I replied, and get poisoned at the hotels by bad food and at the clubs by bad talk, I suppose. No, thank you. And let me say that your care for my health innervates me. What you can do as you like, says he, wrapping with his feet on the floor. I'm hanged if I stay here after tomorrow. I'll be staring mad if I do. He was my last visitor. Some weeks after his departure I was sitting in the library with my drops of blood by me. I had got my theory nearly perfect by this time, but there was one difficulty. The figure which I had ever before me was the figure of an old woman with her hair divided in the middle and her hair fell to her shoulders, white on one side and black on the other. She was a very complete old woman, but alas, she was eyeless. And when I tried to construct the eyes she would shrivel and rot in my sight. But tonight I was thinking, thinking as I had never thought before. And the eyes were just creeping into the head when I heard a terrible crash outside as if some heavy substance had fallen. All of a sudden the door was flung open and two maid servants entered. They glanced at the rug under my chair and at that they turned a sick white, cried on God and huddled out.  I demanded sternly. No answer came back from them so I started in pursuit. I found all the servants in the house gathered in a knot at the end of the passage. Mrs. Pebble, I said smartly to the housekeeper, I want those two women discharged tomorrow. It's an outrage, you ought to be more careful. But she was not attending to me. Her face was distorted with terror. Ah, dear, ah, dear, she went. We'd all better go to the library together, says she to the others. Am I a master of my own house, Mrs. Pebble? I inquired, bringing my knuckles down with a bang on the table. None of them seemed to see me or hear me. I might as well have been shrieking in a desert. I followed them down the passage and forbade them to enter the library. But they trooped past me and stood with a clutter around the hearth rug. Then three or four of them began dragging and lifting as if they were lifting a helpless body and stumbled with their imaginary burden over to a sofa. Old Somes the butler stood near. Poor young gentleman, he said with a sob. I've known him since he was a baby. And to think of him being dead like this and so young too, I crossed the room. What is all this, Somes? I cried, shaking him roughly by the shoulders. I am not dead. I am here, here. As he did not stir, I got a little scared. Somes, old friend, I called. Don't you know me?  Say I am not dead, Somes. Please, Somes. He stooped down and kissed the sofa. I think one of the men ought to ride over to the village for the doctor, Mr. Somes, says Mrs. Pebble, and he shuffled out to give the order.  At the same time that he proclaimed himself a man of science, he, I was resolved, should never cross my threshold, and I followed Mrs. Pebble through the house, screaming out prohibition. But I did not even catch a groan from her, not a nod of the head nor cast of the eye to show that she had heard. I met the doctor at the door of the library. Well, I sneered, throwing my hand in his face. Have you come to teach me some new prayers? He brushed past me as if he had not felt the blow and knelt down by the sofa. Rupture of a vessel on the brain, I think, he says to Somes and Mrs. Pebble after a short moment. He has been dead some hours, poor fellow. You had better telegraph for his sister, and I will send up the undertaker to arrange the body.  Have you the insolence to tell my servants that I am dead? When you see me here face to face? He was far in the passage with Somes and Mrs. Pebble at his heels ere I had ended, and not one of the three turned round. All that night I sat in the library. Strangely enough I had no wish to sleep, nor during the time that followed had I any craving to eat. In the morning the men came, and although I ordered them out, they proceeded to minister about something I could not see. So all day I stayed in the library or wandered about the house, and at night the men came again bringing with them a coffin. Then, in my humour, thinking it's shame that so fine a coffin should be empty, I lay the night in it and slept a soft, dreamless sleep, the softest sleep I have ever slept. And when the men came the next day I rested still, and the undertaker shaved me a strange ballet. On the evening after that I was coming downstairs when I noted some luggage in the hall and so learned that my sister had arrived. I had not seen this woman since her marriage, and I loathed her more than I loathed any creature in this ill-organised world. She was very beautiful, I think, tall and dark and straight as a ramrod, and she had an unruly passion for scandal and dress. I suppose the reason I disliked her so intensely was that she had a habit of making one aware of her presence when she was several yards off. At half past nine o'clock my sister came down to the library in a very charming wrap, and I soon found that she was as insensible to my presence as the others. I trembled with rage to see her kneel down by the coffin, my coffin, but when she had been over to kiss the pillow I threw away control. A knife which had been used to cut string was laying upon a table. I seized it and drove it into her neck. She fled from the room screaming, "'Come, come!' she cried, her voice quivering with anguish. The corpse is bleeding from the nose!' Then I cursed her. On the evening of the third day there was a heavy fall of snow. About eleven o'clock I observed that the house was filled with blacks and mutes and folk of the country who came for the obsequies. I went into the library and sat still and waited. Soon came the men, and they closed the lid of the coffin and bore it out on their shoulders. And yet I sat, feeling rather sadly that something of mine had been taken away. I could not quite think what. For half an hour perhaps, dreaming, dreaming. And then I glided to the hall door.  I am not dead. I moaned and rubbed my face in the pure snow and tossed it on my neck and hair. Sweet God, I am not dead. End of When I Was Dead.


Hello all, welcome to the session wherein we will discuss about basic Linux commands. In this session, we will be using some sample files. You can download the sample files from www.csc.iitb.ac.in slash tilde avdhuth. Open your terminal. As we discuss our commands, you can write on your terminals, so we will start our session now. So we will be discussing about basic Linux commands. So this, we have divided this into five things. General purpose utilities, Linux file system, file handling commands, compressing and archiving files, simple filters. So first we will be discussing about general purpose utilities. As I discuss these commands, you can try it on your terminal. So first thing is very simple. We will first try it from very simple commands to then we go on to the complex commands. So first command that you will know about is the calendar. So for example, if you want to see any calendar for any month of an year, you can type cal followed by month and year. For example, here cal April 2009, you can see the month of April and even the date, the current date will be highlighted in that month and next one is date. Date displays the current date that means today's date. So when you type just date, then it will be like you will get the today's date in this format. Then there are actually some options which are available so that you can modify how your date looks like. Like the option small d will tell the day of the month like 1 to 31, then y, the last two digits of the year, hms, hour, minute and seconds respectively and d, the date in that format. So for example, date in the second thing as I have given. So here you can see date plus percentile d, percentile h, colon, percentile m. This produces the date in this specific format. So for any information, for more information, you can see man and command name. I will discuss more about this man command later. Hope that everyone has tried out. With this date command, even you can set your own date but for this, you need privileges. So on the current systems, I don't think that you have the privileges. So if you have root privileges, you can even set the date. That command is same as like date followed by the time you want to set. Then we will see about echo and printf statements which will just print the messages that you want to be printed on your terminal. The usage will be echo followed by message within inverted commas. So for example, echo welcome to the workshop will be printed on your terminal and you can use another command printf which is same as cease printf statement mostly. So you can even print the messages on the terminal using this statement. So you can try it out. These are very simple commands. Now we will see another command for calculator. It's a text based calculator. You have, I think most of you have used Windows machines which has a graphical user interface. It's a calculator in a graphical user interface form. Here also in the line x versions that you have on your desktops, you have GUI calculators that is xcalc but there is another basic text version of calculator called bc. You can type the command bc and then there will be an empty prompt that will expect an input from you. So you can type this input which is here and then the output will be there. So this is a basic small version of text based calculator. Now we will see a somewhat more complicated command which is called script which is, you can record your own session. For example, now for example you have just tried out two or three commands. In future you will be going to do many other commands. Now you want to save those output and even the commands that you have given to the system in a file. So script command will do that. Script commands, command records your session and stores it in a file. So you can start using command called script which will display a echo message called script will be started and file is type script and then you can type any of the commands in this. So this is a sample script session then it will be echoed and till the point you want to just log or come out of the script type control d and there will be a message which will be like script done file is type script. So here when you type just script it will be like the default file name will be type script but you can even type script followed by that file name which will be the commands will be going to be saved on that in that file. So for example if that type script file already exist in the directory that you in which you are typing that will be overwritten the file will be overwritten and you can see the type script file the log file that you have created using script used by cat type script we will see about the cat command later but just use it just to see it what commands you have typed. Now the another important thing pass wd changing your own password. So for example on your machine we have set it the password to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. So you can type pass wd command to change the password of your system. So it will be asking the current unit's password that you need to type that is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Then the new password that you want to be reflected onto the system and you have to retype the password and there will be a message which will which will say that passwords updated successfully. The next command that we are going to try out is who since Unix is a multi user and multi user environment many user can log into log into the system. So if you want to know who are the users currently logged on to your system you can type command who which will tell you like which are the users which have been logged into your system. So try it out I think mostly nobody will be logged into your system but it will display your own name which one yeah. So here you can see that on my system there were four people who have been logged in this this is the IPs of their machine from which they have logged in under the system. So this is actually when you log into a system the system will actually create a device file by name pts slash 0 slash 1 slash 2 assigned to your terminal that so that the file name I will talk about it later but it is just a device file name which is attached to the terminal that the user has logged in. So this is the most important command that we will be using most of the time the man command. This is a reference manual command man displays the documentation for a command. So the syntax will be like man followed by command name you can type like for example man ls or bc that the commands that you have tried out which one sorry second field okay this one this one is a date. So that is actually so when a user will log into a system there will be there will be a file which is attached to the terminal that is like it is basically everything will be like files in the Unix. So how the data transfer will takes place between the your system that the system the host system and the remote system it will be going through that file device file. So it will be created one. So you have I think you have opened as many terminals you have opened that many files will be created. So if you have opened two terminals there will be two files which will be created. It is used to identify your logins. There is a number of tabs that you open in a terminal also corresponds to the files. So you can type man and command name like bc that you have tried cal that you have tried to see the reference manual for that command we will see this command ls later but just try it out the bc and the cal command that you have tried out. So it will be giving you the description and when you type man and command name so the reference manual will be huge so it will be outputting in a page by page format. So to navigate from one page to another press space bar and to exit the man page press Q. So for example if you want the reference manual for man itself you can type man man command. Man followed by man you will see the reference manual for man. So these were the general purpose utilities that those are very simple commands. Now we will go to linux file system. I will explain briefly the linux file system and also the commands associated with the file system commands like we will be seeing that more. So like in Windows you have seen that the file system is like see different drives c drive, d drive, e, f and floppy it is a drive something like that. Now in linux everything starts from slash that there is a topmost thing topmost directory then the slash dem will contain all the devices that are accessible as files. So as you have seen like the pts0 pts slash 0 pts slash 1 in who command this will be there in slash dev directory. So you can go actually we will see it later. So all the devices like if you for example if you connect a USB to the machine so there will be a file created for each device that will be present in slash dev directory. Now slash var, slash var is a variable contains variable data such as mails, log files. For example let us say that there is a server like apaches like the server which hosts a web page. Now the logs for the logs that who have access the web page what is the user names and password all will be stored in slash var directory under some other directory like if it is apache it is a it will be stored in apache to something like that and slash user slash user usr will store all the most of the packages which will be installed on your machine that will be stored in slash usr directory. So all the configuration file associated with each and every software that is installed on your system will be present in slash etz and slash home will contain the home directories for all the users which are present in the system and slash root is the home directory for the root user which is privileged. That means he can install and he can do everything on the system the root user. Slash mnt is generally used for mounting other devices. For example if you want to use your pen drive or if you want to use your anything you want you first need to mount it on to some folder then you can use it. So these are the things and so we will be seeing commands which are used to retrieve the file attributes. First command will be ls minus ls. So ls is like listing the directory that is the basic command that mostly you will you all know. But here if you want to know the permissions for each and every file then you can type ls space hyphen l command and you will be knowing so the basic the thing will be first there will be permissions owner sorry owner group and the number of bytes then the modified time latest modified time then so on. So first the permissions so you can see drwx r dash x r dash x so this is for file first file may be may be different for your this thing. So here d these are 10 characters the first character if it is d it indicates a directory and if it is dash it indicates a file and now remaining 9 characters are grouped into characters of 3 3. Those 3 characters so you can see that there are only 3 characters which which appear in the rest 9 characters that is r w and x. So r r is for read that is file or directory is readable w is for write that is file or directory is executable writeable sorry x is for execute that is file and file or directory is executable. Now what does it mean read write and execute I will tell you but what are these 3 groups so first group corresponds to the owner of the file or the directory second 3 characters correspond to the group permissions for the group last 3 characters will correspond to the permissions of the permissions given to the others. Now basically first as you can see first file has now this the third column the third column here is which is the owner of this current this file so for this owner that is 3 re it has r w x all the read write and execute permissions and for the group called 3 re it has read and execute permissions but no write permissions okay and for others other than like the users who belong to other than group 3 re or if he is not an owner then he has only read and execute permission no write permissions on the directory okay any any doubts any doubts in this yeah they can they they can be different or they can be same yeah they can yeah yeah so for example if you can create a group which which will be like 4 or 5 users belong to that group and you can give certain files to that group only that that can also be done this is a special case that both are same but it can be different also yeah I will come to that so what does it mean for a directory to be read write and execute if a directory is read then you can read that so first of all everything in the unix in unix are files so even directories are special kinds of files so if a directory is readable it means that you can read the contents of the directory that means what are the files which are present in the directory you can read them right right means that you can write in the directory which means you can create new files in the directory you can create subdirectories in the directory if you have write permission and execute means that you can go into the directory which means you can cd into the directory you can change your present working directory to the to that directory so is it clear or any doubts no not clear execute is not clear so when you open your terminal so it will be the present working directory will be like when you type pwd in your on your terminal just type pwd on your terminal that will be your home directory that is slash home something something and your name will be there or something so by how can you navigate to a to other directory is by using command called cd cd and the directory name so for example the directory if it has a execute permissions you can cd into the directory for example cd dir if you have execute permissions for dir then only you can go into the directory and list the file or do anything if you do not have execute permissions then you cannot go into the directory now will be seeing how the how to change the file attributes like for example if you want to as well as you have already seen the file has all the 9 10 characters as like d r dash then r w x r w x r w x r dashes if you want to change the permissions for example if you want to give the permissions like execute permissions for a particular file how can you do that so there are two ways of doing it the command is actually ch mode with ch mod which means that change the change the permissions like change the permissions of the file so you can actually try it on the sample file that have ch mod first try ls minus l on the directory and you will if you see that any of the files does not have any permissions you can give the permissions as in like this so ch mod o plus x testing dot java means that I am assigning others execute permissions execute permissions to the others now you can see here by doing ls minus l testing dot java have x to others which means others can also execute this file now you can for example if you want to change change the permissions for group then you do ch mod g plus if you want to give write permissions give w read r and execute x and followed by the file name and this is somewhat cumbersome the neat way or easiest way of doing this is so for example you can change the permissions at a time for all the users all the like the owner the group and others by using this another variant of this command ch mod 655 at 655 testing the file name which means 655 are the permissions for that you are assigning the permissions for that file name so six means that so as you have already seen there are ten characters so leave the first character now the nine characters non characters are divided into three groups rwx, rwx and rwx if r is present give it as one so now here when you see here rw dash which means 110 in octal form it will be like 6 now this is 101 this is 5101 which is 5 so you can if you want to give all the permissions to all the members then try 777 which gives all the permissions to the all the members like anyone can access the file anyone can delete the file anyone can execute the file so after after running this command ch mod the number and then file name you can test whether that is reflected in the permissions by typing ls-l ls-l followed by the file name that you have changed the permissions so this number 655 can vary from 0 0 0 to 777 0 0 0 means no permissions to anybody 777 means all permissions to everybody is it clear anybody has doubts in this so another thing here so another if you want to change the another attribute like the owner of the file or the group of the file then you have to use ch-own which means changing the owner of the file so ch-own command is used for changing the ownership and also group of the file to which file belongs to so when you so the syntax is very similar to that of the ch-mod the only difference is ch-own the user name the user id for which you want to give the ownership and the file name so maybe you can't try it on this system because you are maybe you are you don't have privileges or something so and you you can you can check whether this is this has been updated by seeing ls-l ls-l the file name so you can see here that the owner of the file has been changed to guest here I have changed the owner of the file testing dot java to the guest and here it is it has been updated by you can see by typing ls-l and the file name so again this command can also be used to change the group to which the file belongs so the syntax is pretty similar ch-own the user id colon group id and the file name yeah so guest user may not be present so this command may not be executable on all the machines because guest user may not be present so this is this you I think mostly you can't you can't try it on the systems so just noted on that so other file system commands are if you want to delete the file like delete any of the file that you have dummy file you have created so it is rm and file name and then copying and moving the files so to copy the file you you have to type just cp file name followed by the new file name it creates a copy for the file name the original file name original file name will be intact and move move is another command which you may not be like familiar in windows kind of environment because move is like rename rename in windows so for example if you want to change the name of certain file then you have to use move mv command mv first the file name followed by new file name that you want to change so renames the file testing dot java to test java this move testing dot java test dot java it renames the file testing dot java to test dot java now I think yesterday you have seen this how to create the directories by mkdir command mkdir followed by the directory name and for example if you want to delete the empty directories then you have to you can use rmdir so be careful this rmdir is only used for deleting the empty directories not the directories which contains files so if you want to delete the files delete the directory which contains the files first you have to go inside the directory delete all the files then come come back delete the directory there is another powerful command for deleting all those things by using using rm rm command you can delete but with you have to use more options that will discuss later so hope that at least other than rm everybody has tried out some commands so these are the basic line Linux file system commands and how to change the permissions and all those things now we will see file handling commands so first command that we will see is cat so for all these from now onwards you can use the files which have been which you have downloaded and you can like go to the directory cd to the directory and use those files for doing this so cat first command will be cat which is used for concatenating files so cat command is generally used for to display the contents of a small file on the terminal so the syntax will be cat followed by a file name so for example cat sample 3.txt will display you some lines about Unix operating system or something like that cat when followed by one file name it will display the contents of the file name so you can supply more than one file name to the cat command so when you supply more than one file name what it does is it concatenates the contents of each and every file in the sequence that you have given like cat sample 3.txt spaced sample 4.txt will concatenate these two files and it will print echo on the output on the terminal so you can try the sample like cat sample 3.txt space sample 4.txt you will see and there will be no header information you can't distinguish between where the file sample 3.txt ends and where the sample 4.txt begins so that's why this command is called concatenate cat command because it concatenates different files so here instead of two you can give n number of files so it concatenates and throws the output on the terminal so you can try it out these commands hope that everyone has tried out the cat command now we'll come to another command which is reverse of cat it is called tag so as the command states it does the same thing as it states like it a tag command is used to display the contents of the file in reverse order so when you type tag followed by the file name called sample 3.txt then it will display the sample file this sample 3.txt in reverse order so even this command can take more than one file when supplied when supplied with more than one file what it does it reverse each and every file and prints those files in the order like tag sample 3.txt space sample 4.txt will first print sample 3.txt in reverse order then print sample 4.txt in reverse order without any header information that means you can't distinguish between after printing you can't distinguish which portion belongs to which file so there will be no header information like cat sample 4 which file it belongs or something like that so you can even try these commands on the sample files which are present yeah lines so for example A then in the next line B C if there are only A B C in three different lines then it will print C B A yeah 10th line will be printed first and then so on no no no it will not change the it will it will start from that last line and it will print the whole line in the lines in the reverse order hope that this command you have tried out on the sample files let us move okay now we'll see the two commands called more and less which are used as a page for paging like for example as you have already seen if you type man and followed by command name man followed by command name then it will display in in the format of like one page at a time so if you want to for example if you want to see a huge file like there is already one file called sample 1 dot dxt which is very huge so for that you can type more sample 1 dot dxt now it will display the file one page at a time then you can navigate from page to page by pressing space space bar and if you want to quit come out of that command type q so even you can try it out with less sample 1 dot dxt both are like identical commands they do the same thing but less is a standard pager for unique line x kind of systems and in general the less less command is more powerful than more so yesterday you have seen vi small vi kind of tutorial the all the vi commands are mostly applicable in less when you do less followed by file name but not applicable when you try with more followed by file name so for example like more advanced like searching for a pattern and everything can be easily done in using less command so it is more powerful than the more command so you can try it out on your systems so when you try more and followed by sample 1 dot dxt you'll see at the bottom that how much percentage more the text is remaining and when you type less followed by the file name you'll see how much percentage like less it is remaining something like that you can see the statistics below hope that this command these two commands you have tried out let us go through one more command which is wc so it gives the statistic of file for example if you have a text file you have many text files like sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 you can try it on many many different files so wc command is used to count the number of lines present in the file ASCII file words and also the characters number of characters so here the word is taken as anything which is delimited by a space so A space B space C so A will be taken as a word in the characters even space will be one character and slash n will be considered as one line so you can type wc sample 1 dot dxt you'll get these three statistics 65 2776 17333 sample 1 dot dxt so first one tells you the number of lines then number of words and then number of characters and if you want to display if you want to display only the number of lines or just number of words or just number of characters you can use the option so here I would like to tell you that every unix command will be like this command followed by options and followed by some file name or some input or something like that so there will be options for each and every command so you can try options for this command which is like for my if you type wc space minus hyphen l followed by file name it will you only the number of lines which are present in the file and if you type wc space hyphen w space followed by a file name it will give you number of words and similarly for hyphen c it will give you number of characters and if you want to see all of them together just type wc and the file name that's all now this is somewhat important command this command is used to compare two different files so for example if you have two identical files or for example if there are two ascii files how can you say that both are identical or both are not identical or where they where does they differ something like that so this command will be useful in telling you which where whether they are identical or not so the usage will be cmp followed by file name file first file name followed by second file name so it takes two file names for the comparison and the two files which are given as input to cmp command will be compared byte by byte and the location of the first mismatch will be printed so you can try it out on cmp sample 1.txt sample 2.txt both are different so you will get sample 1.txt sample 2.txt differ byte 1, line 1 so even the line 1 is not same in both to check whether you will get correct output when you supply both identical file both files both identical files to the cmp command just type just make a copy of sample 1.txt as cp sample 1.txt space sample 1 underscore copy.txt and then supply this cmp sample 1.txt and sample 1 underscore copy.txt okay try it out this command cp sample 1.txt create a copy of sample 1.txt and now give that file two files sample 1.txt and that copy to the cmp you will see that the prompt returns returns back which means that there will be no output from the cmp command which means that both files are identical we will take a pre-break for 10 minutes and then we will come back


Okay, what I want you to do then is get yourselves a ball each and go into the square and my pen's running out.  In you go. Using both feet, lots of touches on the ball. Just stand inside, set your standards, don't bump into anybody. Let's go Aaron. Right, the warm up first, then we're going to have a ball each for the players doing lots of their skills, their little side steps, their toe taps, V cuts and everything. So lots of ball manipulation, get the touches on the ball. Okay, inside only, off we go. Inside's only. Forward, backwards, sideways. Inside's only. Try, Luca, just come here from here. Come here. Try and get the ball just going on the inside, yeah? More touches are better. Off we go. Off you go. Loads of touches on the ball. This is the time to get the touches on the ball. Toe taps, off we go. Toe taps. Let's go. Sore your foot. Good. Same again. Forward, backwards, sideways. The three movements. Scissors. So it's the big circle, remember. Circle with the foot, push the ball away. It's got to go to the side. Push the ball away. V cuts, off we go. V cuts. Both sides of the body, right foot and left foot. Good Dixie. Right foot, massive for you this one Matt. Can't emphasize this one enough for a keeper. Right, this time Matt, all we're going to do is dribble the ball around.  So foot across the ball, bounce the ball away, yeah? Right foot and left foot, that little roll over we do. Off we go. Good Aaron. Good Luca.  Okay this time we're now going to do the heel-toe. Now remember this one. I'll pass with my heel and then bring my toe around. So it's a little heel-toe to change direction, yeah? You got that one Matt? So it's a heel-toe, change direction. Nice and easy. Heel-toe, change direction. Can you do it left? Yeah, I like it and good. If you can do it in a gay man's score as well, then I'll be impressed. Go on down here, what's in the locker? Good.


I'm going to talk a little bit about ethics and social media research, just to give an overview and it's really complicated I guess is a reasonable starting point and there are no single right answers and just as Leslie was talking about there being people over here and people over here and their attitudes to how social media data can be used and how valuable that research is, there's also this huge spectrum of very very different views around what are the ethics of social media research. On the one hand you've got people who are typically from more computer programming and big data analytics backgrounds who feel like Twitter social media data are publicly available and you can pretty much do whatever you like with it and then you've got people right at the other end, typically from the kind of backgrounds that we have or I have which is sort of social science, social research backgrounds where we think actually hang on, where's the consent for this, where's the anonymity so on and so forth and actually you're really scared and quite off put or put off about using social media data and again I think the kind of conclusion that Leslie was coming to was that actually there's this middle ground and we're trying to sort of feel our way to what that is. So what I'm not going to do is give a load of answers about ethics and social media research but what I'll try and do is raise some questions and I think that's for my personal opinion that's the best way forward is when you're conducting research, if you're conducting research with social media data, it's thinking about your particular project, your particular circumstances and your particular data and what are the particular issues related to that. So that's sort of the conclusion of what I'm going to talk about and I'll go into a little bit of detail. The first thing I'd like to mention is and the reason I'm talking about this is I lead something called the new social media, new social science network which was originally an NCRM funded network about four or five years ago. They funded it for a year but then since then that's then National Centre for Social Research is where I work. We have taken it on and we now sort of internally fund it and manage it as sort of part of our ongoing charitable remit for methodological development and we have Twitter handle and a hashtag a blog and we run various events throughout the year. So if you're interested in social media research do follow us do engage with us. It's a really useful network and worthwhile following. So why did we end up looking into ethics? So one of the key issues that came out of our network events we ran early on when we were first looking up was that regardless what we were talking about, whether we were talking about tools for social media analysis, how actually useful it is, whatever we spoke about people were always raising concerns about ethics and more specifically expressing concerns about what they saw as a lack of guidance on how to deal with some of the very very specific ethical issues raised by this new methodological area. Actually what we did we surveyed our members and we found that only around a third felt that the current guidelines that they had were up to date and adequate for the kind of research that they were trying to do. So the existing framework, the stuff that was over here in my framework, the stuff that social researchers have been using for years and years and years just wasn't answering the questions, just wasn't giving them the guidance that they needed. But clearly many of the issues raised by social research are actually addressed by those ethical guidelines. The basic concepts are still there. We still want to protect our respondents. We still want to make sure we're making the most of our data. We still want to maintain anonymity where we can. We still want to do all those kinds of things. But what's different is that the characteristics of social media in terms of how they mediate the relationship between the researcher and the person who's being researched really create unique challenges that have not really been previously covered. So quite like this quote is that online research presents new ethical problems but specifically it recast old ones in new forms and new guises. But those issues are going to really, really vary by project. So what the subject you're focusing on, so are you doing research into sort of domestic violence is going to have really, really, really different sort of ethical context and if you're doing something on riots or if you're doing something on online hate or you're doing something on how people travel or tourism or so on so forth. So that's going to vary things hugely. But also beyond that, who's your target population? People online, people on Facebook could be aged 11, 12, 13. Are you trying to research that group of people? It's very, very different context if you're trying to research an adult population. The platform that you're using massively changes the context. Twitter and we talk about Twitter a huge amount and too much when we talk about social media research because it is open. It's because it's relatively easy to access. But actually if you want to start looking at things like web forums or Facebook is also still quite hard or all the multitude of other social media platforms that exist, again it changes the context and it changes the methodologies that you're going to use to do that. So for example, observing discussions in an online forum for cancer patients is something that I've seen people use social media methods for and that's really, really sensitive and that's got real particular ethical issues. On the other hand, someone using Facebook just as a snowball recruitment method is a completely different research context and has very, very, very different questions. A further complexity to that is that social media are constantly evolving with new sites or new applications being created but actually even with the ones that exist new features coming up and new terms and conditions as well. So that which will change the way you're allowed to use that data and we sort of earlier touched upon the difference between the legality and ethics but they do sort of intersect and move apart as well and it's something that sort of falls into this discussion. So for example, when somebody signed up to Twitter sort of however many years ago, I don't know if there were terms and conditions when they were doing text messaging but a little bit further along. When you agree to those terms and conditions, you're agreeing to a certain set of data, certain type of data being shared but since then you've added capabilities like sharing video, sharing images, now a larger amount of text, links, geolocation, etc. When you agree to those terms and conditions, that's not necessarily the same thing that you're using the social media data for now or the social media site for now. All of this variety in terms of the platforms and all this variety in terms of how things change just make it particularly difficult to prescribe guidance. One size does invariably not fit all for how we should be approaching research on social media in an ethical manner. That said, despite the relatively novel and dynamic landscape of social media research, headway has been made and I think as a social research community it's becoming more and more and more engaged with social media data as a potential research tool. These various issues are being better identified and being better understood and therefore being better addressed. There are more and more case studies and more and more examples of how research have been done and even if those case studies, even if those examples weren't perfect, at least it's a method of saying in a transparent way we made these mistakes if we did this again, this is how we would improve it. In that sort of standing on the shoulders of giants kind of way, we're getting better and better about thinking about how we should be operating ethically. Just to give a few examples, while it's not quite the wild west it was a few years ago, there's still a lot of work to be done and as I said the evolving nature may mean that the ethical work on social media research will never be done because what we're thinking about will constantly be changing. So it's therefore important that researchers are aware of the possible issues of conducting research while using social media so they can adapt their methodology in a more reflexive manner which maximises the potential insight of that research. I think it's really really important when we talk about ethics, we're not just thinking about it in terms of protection and minimising harm and risk but also thinking about how can we maximise the actual research value of this data within that framework, within that context. What I'll do is just run through some of these areas just to give an idea and insight into some of the types of issues that have been raised by researchers as part of our network over the past few years. This is by no means exhaustive, not every point will apply to every kind of study but the idea is I'll just give you a flavour of some of the kinds of issues that we want to address. So one key debate is whether social media platforms count as a public space or a private space and this has some legal implications to start off with so whether the Data Protection Act applies to the data that you're collecting or not and is defined by whether those data are public or not and also as are the ethics of whether it's okay to collect this data passively. And again it's not consistent in all context, just not all social media data are public and not all social media data are private. Different types of sites, some sites are more public than others and actually even within platforms or within particular social media platforms you can make different types of arguments for different types of data. So if somebody on Twitter makes their account private you might interpret that as them saying that actually this is private data and it's not publicly available. Is somebody's open page on a Facebook site similar to a group? Is a public group different to a private group? Actually as soon as you, and this is what I mean when it gets quite complicated and you have to be very very specific about the place of work that you're doing. One way that I like to think about this is in terms of the expectation of being observed. So is it likely that a user would expect their posts, expect their content to be viewed outside of the members of that group or their followers or friends or those in their local area or those people who've swiped right on on Tinder, whatever. Who are they expecting to have their data viewed by? Actually that adds even further complexity because when a lot of researchers use Twitter data, when someone sends out a tweet they actually really expect it to be looked at by their followers. The API, the open data actually means that it is still publicly available to everyone and there's this real disconnect between what users might necessarily expect and what the terms and conditions say and what other people think and what researchers might want them to be thinking when they say that. Just as earlier when I was talking about how people using these data can have quite a wide range of opinions on what is end, what is not ethical in this context, actually users and social media users have a really really varied perspective and really really varied ideas of what's okay and what's appropriate for their data to be used by. So about two, three years ago Natsyn did some qualitative research with people who use social media data and we found a huge spectrum and a huge range of different views on, actually I was talking to Mike earlier about people thinking about their admin, how people feel about their administrative data being used by government and on the one hand some people might be really sensitive and say no big brother that's awful but others are kind of surprised what the government isn't already linking all that data together, how inefficient and how terrible. It's actually the same kind of thing for social media data. Some people when you ask them actually feel really private and really defensive and say no I own this data, this is my intellectual property and other people shouldn't be using it but others are saying yeah that's fine, I put it out into the public domain, I completely understand this and I kind of assume that people would be using it already anyway and that just makes it so much harder for us as researchers because we can't change our approaches depending on what the people are using individually because we're trying to understand at an aggregate level but being aware of the fact that there are these range of opinions is important for the decisions that we make. I think in that context one of the things to think about is how we approach the observation ethically and how that might impact behaviour. So we've talked a lot about Twitter data and pulling that in automatically but actually there are circumstances in a smaller qualitative study where a researcher might embed themselves in a forum within a group and in that context should a researcher lurk, should they just stay there, sit there observe and take things in or should they be engaging with participants, do they need to declare themselves as present, do they need to get consent from the other people who are using that forum or perhaps would it be sufficient to get consent from an administrator of that forum. Thinking these things through and again in varying different contexts will change that. Inform consent in social research is sort of one of the basic tenets, one of the key important bits of it. Some people suggest that terms and conditions cover informed consent as they will typically state that the data will be used for research purposes. But do people even read those terms and conditions? I work in social media research and I've never even bothered reading the terms and conditions for a good number. Anyone who signed up to the Wi-Fi in this hotel had to click the terms because anyone read it? So how can we claim that that's informed consent with any sort of reality, any sort of sense of authenticity? And even if they did read those terms and conditions, when they did that did they have any sort of idea of how their data were going to be used? When Leslie was sort of pulling up all of this Twitter information he searched on Brexit and find maybe Jacob Rees-Mogg accepted that when he tweeted about Brexit lots of people were going to see that. But in that data set you also would have had Steve from Dundee sort of saying something slagging off the Tories. But he didn't expect that there would be this room of people in Southampton having a look at that and thinking, oh that's what Steve from Dundee thinks about that particular issue. And again that's in one hand what Steve signed up for, that's what Steve agreed to when he signed the terms and conditions but he certainly didn't think that I'd be seeing that and be talking about it. There wasn't a Steve from Dundee by the way, I made him up. So yeah that's really interesting and really problematises this issue. So we need to think about when is informed consent needed, what level of consent is adequate and how can we be sure that's informed? Is it feasible when we're trying to scrape in millions and millions and millions of tweets? No, it's really not. But maybe we think about how we do it later down the line if we want to publish something using their data, if you want to do something a little bit more rather than analysing it in abstract. But actually if you're working in a smaller sample, when you're working in a forum, when you're working in a Facebook group, actually perhaps there is something a little bit more engaged that you can do. The right to be forgotten, if we do take the idea or principle that posting in a public forum is an acceptable form of consent, then how do we deal with situations where a user deletes their post? Should that be treated as removal of consent? Certainly that's something we would allow within traditional research context. If we ran a survey and then that participant got in contact with us at Natsen and said actually please delete all of my data then we would be obliged to do so. But when you've downloaded hundreds and thousands of tweets, there's no sort of mechanism for me to know that somebody's necessarily deleted that and changed my analysis to reflect that. And actually there are particular requirements and legal requirements for us to do so, but the mechanisms to do that just aren't in place. And to what extent is it the researchers who are responsible for identifying that case, given that participants don't even know that their data have been collected and they're being used for that particular piece of research? Data security and confidentiality, so how do you protect the data securely and confidentially? So you can apply the usual kinds of protection methods, we were talking about de-identification and anonymisation earlier, but social media data is inherently personal, so it is inherently identifiable. You can strip out a Twitter user name, a Twitter handle, but if anyone with Google and access to the raw data text can search that and go straight back to linking to who that individual is. So even when we sort of de-identify, that can all be traced back. And that's a really sort of odd context for an analyst. We aren't used to, and our typical ethical frameworks aren't used to researchers being able to know who individuals are when they're conducting analysis. And actually, I'll talk about it later, it's not necessarily just researchers doing that. If you're taking a data set and putting it out to coders, for example people from Mechanical Turk who'll be sifting the large data sets, what are the data sharing agreements like there when you're trying to get people to look through this data and they know that you're coding stuff on racist tweets or prejudice tweets and they'll be able to see that that individual has said that. What are the ethics of that? And then finally, the output status as well is publication. So for example, Twitter's Terms and Services tell you that when you publish a quote, a tweet, you have to put their hand or you have to put everything in all in its original context, which is the complete opposite of what we do when we typically quote qualitative data and stuff in qualitative interviews. We might paraphrase, we might change random words, but the Terms and Conditions from Twitter tell you that you can't do that. So how do we balance up those two elements, the sort of legal and the ethical side? Data ownership and publication, so to further complicate things. To add to that, does the context of the publication matter? So does it matter whether it's a journal paper, an internal report, a blog post? What might be a user's expectation to the level of viewing of what they're putting out? So if we're happy that nobody actually is going to see this out of a small academic community, is that okay? Actually, if we're putting a big post online, we're writing a journalistic piece where thousands of people might see that Steve from Dundee didn't really care for Brexit, then actually a completely different context. There's a fundamental question about who owns the data. Can a researcher have ownership of data which is produced for those non-research purposes? If the data being treated as published text, which is what is arguably allowing us to collect it in this manner in the first place, can it be republished without attribution to that original author? Can it be anonymised? Can it be altered? Do we need permission from them to publish it yet alone to change it, edit it? Actually, how would some of the social media platforms themselves consider the intellectual property of that content? Twitter might have one particular set of terms and conditions, but other platforms might have different ideas about who owns that data. Just to go back a stage, we're talking about Pulsar and other companies that sell the data. The concept of ownership there complicates things because it's not the respondents, it's not the people we're researching who we're paying to access the data. It's Twitter and it's the social media platforms themselves that might get access to that, get that money if we're collecting more than that, random 1%. Again, this complicates things and bringing in a transactional element to it makes it even more complex. I'll also quickly talk about the blurring of boundaries. What may be particularly novel for many researchers is that the space you're researching within or of may be one in which you yourself operate. Your own tweets, your own comments might be picked up if you are part of a network that you are researching. If I take a random set of tweets as every chance, I'm not that prolific, but every chance that I'll be part of that dataset, what does that mean for objectivity, for data quality and how I interpret the data? That's probably relatively unlikely, but also it might be someone that you know who is picked up in the dataset. Again, those have the same issues in terms of objectivity and data quality and actually it might be okay on something like Facebook or Twitter because if you know them, you may well be following them and interacting with them already. But what if you're doing some research on a platform like Grindr or Tinder? That's completely different context but completely plausible and people's personal sensitive information might be picked up from you and that's quite ethically challenging and there's very little you can do to stop that happening. Also, if you're interacting online yourself, that means that you yourself are searchable. So thinking about how you present yourself online, if you are in a forum, if you are operating in a Facebook group, do you create an alternative research persona or do you use your own personal account? And what does that mean about the power relationships between you and the people you're researching? How they view you? And if you've got your actual name there, then it doesn't matter because they can go and Google you anyway and find out a lot more information about you. And that completely again changes the dynamics and the relationships of how you're researching. So there's a real blurring of the professional and the personal identities that are taking part in this research. This talks more I think to the sort of quality elements of things but I think that is still an important part of ethical discussions. So does everybody have a fair and equal chance to have their voice heard? So we're excluding people without web access and without a social media account but also we're more likely to pick up people who are really, really vocal. So when you take that random 1%, it's not a random 1% of people, it's a random 1% of tweets. So somebody who tweets 100 times is 100 more times more likely than somebody to be picked up than someone who only tweets once. And what does that mean about bias in our sample but also what does that mean ethically? Are we overrepresenting the views of some types of people relative to the views of other people? There's also issues around verification so we've talked a little bit about bots. Do we know that it's a person? Do we know it's an organisation? Do we know that it's a bot tweeting and how can we differentiate those and how we should analyse those differently? How do we know that the people researching are part of our target population? That they are in the UK, that they are in Iran, Iraq, wherever, that these are the people we want to be researching. And also there's something here about online and offline identity. Does an online identity or an avatar count as a human subject where there's an ethical onus? So when somebody is in sort of a massive multiplayer online role-playing game am I researching the character or am I researching the individual behind the character? And what does that mean for ethics and typical ethical sort of ideas of the person? And who do you get consent off of? Are you getting consent from the character or the person behind that? You're also going to be picking up information about people's broadened networks. So if I pick in a load of Twitter data I don't just get the information about that individual but I get information about who retweets them or who they're retweeting or who they're replying to. And that spreads out the information beyond the actual research subjects that you're looking at. So one of the programs I'm working on is about linking survey and social media data. And I've got consent from the people in the surveys to link those two together but I haven't got consent from anyone else who they're connected to. I'm still going to pick up information about those. So it's only partially addressing these problems. And different types of data will have different issues. Numbers of retweets, number of followers, very basic metrics, probably okay. But more detailed text data is going to bring up certain challenges. But then images, videos are actually even more challenging. Firstly because it's very difficult to automatically identify and say these are problematic, these are not problematic. If you have things like images of children and family members, what are the ethics of that? I'll also mention derived variables, raw data, public information, fine. But as soon as you manipulate that at all, as soon as you're trying to extract something that summarises what's said in that content, that changes it. And it's no longer public data because you've assumed some knowledge about a person. You might have, so for example Facebook, there's lots of research using Facebook and it takes the pages you like, the people you follow, the type of text you say and it will make some re-judgements about you, it will make some re-judgements about you whether you voted Republican or Democrat. But it will also make some re-judgements about your sexuality, about all kinds of potentially sensitive elements of your life that those people didn't make available and didn't say that it was okay for you to assume that about me. And if those algorithms are deriving those characteristics are any good, which is not necessarily there, either they're rubbish and shouldn't be using them or they're good and actually that's sensitive information that you've just extracted and made available about out on individual. So there's some other things as well, responsibility for aborting abuse. So if you do find sensitive content online, what ethically is the role of the researcher to then report that or intervene in that situation? How do these interact with traditional methods, legal issues, terms of service that I've touched on a little bit. So that's a really quick whistle stop tour in about 20, 30 minutes of some of the issues. There's a load of resources here that are really, really good. Industry guidelines are all right. The University of Aberdeen framework I think was set up, was done about six months a year ago and is a good flow chart and idea of what to look at. The Lancaster University Ethics Forum was set up like a couple of weeks ago and it's meant to be a forum for discussing ethical issues around social media data. Very, very much recommend looking at that. That sense report on social media views is really good. The Wisdom of the Crowd report as well has some interesting discussion around ethics. There's this book coming up which will be published relatively soon which actively engages with discussions around ethics and online research and the handbook of social media research as well as a reasonable amount of information. I can send links to loads of these if you want to get them off me at the end of it. Thank you.


The Tiger, Financial News Network. Update. Good morning, folks. This is Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of well-eraning and cooling down Delray Beach, Florida. This is your 9 AM update. We've got US equity futures trading to the downside. Not by much. The ES mini is down about three points. The NASDAQ's off 27. The Dow's down 13. And the E-mini rustles off two points. Over in Asia last night, a bit of a mixed bag. You had the Nikkei up 72 points. That's been out of terror. You had the Hangsang off 363. The Shanghai down 30 points. Over in Europe this morning, you got the DAX. It's trading to the upside. The DAX is directly correlated to the NASDAQ 100. For reasons I can't tell you, but I do know that it is directly correlated. So this is trading to the upside right now. You got the FTSE that is on fire. That wants higher price out there. So keep an eye on the DAX. Why? Because it could have an impact on the US indices out there. You've got gold trained down $9. Silver's off 17 cents. Copper's down a nickel. Palladium is off 13 bucks. And platinum's down seven bucks. That's because we've got a US dollar index that is on the move. It's up 249 ticks or so as we speak right now. It's got the potential to form an A to B equal CD to the upside out there. If we take a look at the 30-year treasury printed out at $119.27, that's up nearly one full point. And 10 ticks for the 10-year note. Let's try to figure out what all that means by looking at that nine-panel market update chart. You do have a roadsmint dominicator top inside the E-S-mini. But price, you've really got to close below $52.5725 today in order to suggest that it's got some mojo to the downside. In the case of the Spotify, it takes a trading blow. It's a 50-day X-bench moving average, which is a bullish signal for the E-S-mini. But we've got that top out there. And the spot mix is trained a bit higher. So we'll be on the lookout. The NQ also formed an arrogement dominicator top. Yesterday was those two bearish shooting star candles. That did the trick. A close above yesterday's highs though negates those signals altogether. In the case of the US dollar index, an A to B equals CD pattern would get triggered with a close above 103.81 today. It does have resistance at 104.19. Price close above 104.19, the dollar is on its move. And that move will take us to about 105.20. That would then create a problem for the TD9 count top that is inside of Goldilocks. Could get us back to 21.09. Silver consolidated with inside his profile. Support at 24.36. You've got to sell the D point pattern inside of Light's Recruit. Price consolidated with inside his profile. Support down at 79.11. Resistance up at 83.12. And the 30 year treasury looks like it wants to go target that 1.20.23 to 1.21.04 level. Folks stay tuned. Tommy O'Brien is up next. And please have a fabulous and a fantastic week. And I'll look forward to seeing you on Monday at 11 a.m. sharp. Take care folks.