Yes, hi everyone. This is the first talk here at the Kotlin Dev Room. It's the first time for me at Fostam So a little bit excited about that as well My name is Eric Helman. I am Working as a freelance software developer back home in Stockholm, Sweden I've been using Kotlin for quite some time But mostly I've been doing Android development for the last couple of years So this talk is about coroutines with Android I'm not going to go into the very deep The coroutine part they're gonna be plenty of those talks here today This is about how do you use coroutines on Android efficiently and in a smart way? So just quick raise of hands how many here do any Android development? Almost everyone. That's nice. Okay, so that will be useful for hopefully Let's do one more how many here use coroutines in their Android applications A little bit less. Okay, good. I picked the right topic So you can find More information about me the some of the source code I am showing today on my github account I have a blog post that covers part of what I'm gonna talk about today But most of all on speaker deck slash Eric Helman Eric with a K You will find these slides already. I've uploaded them there So yeah, let's get started So you probably heard this one before Kotlin coroutines are lightweight threads. That's how Jet Prince describes it themselves. But what does it really mean for those of you who have been using it? You know that it's very easy and cheap to start a coroutine It doesn't cost very much compared to starting a thread So they have a very good Example that is not very useful in real life, but it looks something like this Where you start a hundred thousand coroutines that just prints a little dot after waiting one second And if you would do this using threads your computer will grind to halt and Probably have to reboot it or something But this will complete in a little bit more than one second because This will run in parallel, you know smart way as coroutines are And hopefully there will be more information about how this coroutine stuff works during the day For those of you who are more interested in the technical details But suffice to say coroutines are cheap. They're easy to use It doesn't cost very much to start one. So But the court the coroutine concept is not new there are other languages that has that as well like go routines in go and Well airline has it et cetera et cetera And it's a great way to to run stuff in parallel or asynchronous But Kotlin also adds something called structured concurrency On top of this and that becomes very very useful Especially in applications where you have life cycles that are shorter than the actual lifecycle of the application like the lifecycle of a view lifecycle of a Class that just is valid for a certain period of time during the use et cetera So structure concurrency builds upon the thing that any coroutine started needs to run within a scope and the scope can Then be connected to the lifecycle There is a great blog post by one of the Kotlin Developers at the head of Kotlin. I think it is Roman is Elizado. He works at JetBrains where he talks about and writes about What structure concurrency is this one is from 2018 and he wrote some follow-ups, but I recommend you read this blog post So coroutines are always related to some local scope in your application Which is an entity with a limited lifetime like a UI element So the lifetime of a button or a fragment or an activity is always shorter than the actual application lifecycle But your coroutines will be started from those so The when they first started the coroutines that didn't have the structure concurrency So they didn't have the console of scope so you could do something like this and it would be probably valid This is deprecated do not use this today Mostly because you can't use it today because it's Probably won't compile anymore But just launching a coroutine out of nowhere is not the way to do it because then you might have things hanging and This the typical thing that you have in Android applications where you actually try to update the UI and you're not in a valid state anymore so instead There is this extension function the first one you that's most useful When you write your own suspending function called coroutine scope, which only can be used inside Coroutine scope the coroutine scope is where the lifecycle management will happen We don't really need to go into the details here. I'm gonna talk a little bit about async in a moment so Coroutine scope. What is it? Well, it's just an interface Which has one? public Property a coroutine context the coroutine context is what runs the threat of story the coroutine It's actually a little thing the manager tells you what dispatch you to run it on it separate sector And you can cancel all the coroutines that get launched by canceling this this context so So that's nice. Now. There is another bunch of core extension functions added on top of the coroutine scope interface For instance launch so launch that's starting new coroutine for me it has Two optional parameters first you can give it a context if you want to and that will be attended to the one It's running inside and you can tell it how it should be started if we start it eagerly or lazily etc There will be more talk about what that means later today And finally you give it a function as a spending function Which must be running inside the coroutine scope and this one will basically be your code So yeah, so this is nothing you have to write yourself. It's already there, but it lets you run The coroutines inside activities fragments any life cycle component in Android and they will be cancelled accordingly at the appropriate time So how does the council work? Yeah, let's go back to this. Let's start a hundred thousand coroutines Let them wait one second each And once we have started all these hundred thousand ones We sleep for a hundred milliseconds and then we call cancel on the scope Which will mean that all of these hundred thousand coroutines will be cancelled so very theoretical example, but I hope you understand the concept there Now Android All of you who have developed Android applications have probably seen one of these two images I'm sorry for not being able to blow them up, but you know why because it's impossible these are horrible diagrams and I hope that you don't need to look at them anymore because thanks to The updates that Google has provided with us over the last two years with a jetpack library There are not really that important anymore But we still have a life cycle. So how does it work? How do we take the life cycle in Android and how do we combine it with a coroutine scope? Well, as I said Sorry went to cancel is a question here because that's that's the thing you could write these coroutine scopes yourself Add them to your activity your fragment and then call cancel at the appropriate time But that kind of like defeats the whole purpose you we would like to have something out of the box so Android jetpack So if you don't know what Android jetpack is I'm sorry I'm not going to go into the details there, but these are the default libraries that you should use in any Android application today There are a bunch of libraries that takes care of different things In this case, we want the life cycle libraries from the jetpack libraries So what we do we? Add these dependencies the life cycle runtime runtime KTX view model KTX and live data KTX It's important that you add the KTX to them. Otherwise, you're not getting the coroutine stuff And you will just get the standard stuff that doesn't have to do with Kotlin's per se These things I'm going to show today were added in two point one point zero I think or maybe two point two point zero for some parts of it But the latest stable version now is two point two point zero. So use that one so the first extension function they added that are the interest of us is Extension property they basically just added a property property getter on the life cycle Interface Which is a cold cold coroutine scope which combines the life cycle of a component and Android component an activity a fragment Sepra with the coroutine scope that does that all that job for us You can read this code later It's actually very simple once you get once you have a look at it But it basically stores some stores a reference to this coroutine life cycle coroutine scope inside atomic reference class That's part of them the life cycle class so Then it has another extension property on the life cycle owner interface Which basically is your activity or your fragment And this is the life cycle scope and it's just a getter that gets the coroutine scope from the our other previous life cycle Coroutine scope So these are the two things that enable Coroutine life cycle management automatically for us So how does it work? Well simple now you can just Do something like this we have a button with when you click the button you want to log in And then we call life cycle scope the extension property that is available on activity and fragments and you call launch there which will start the coroutine and Now asynchronously it will do this and you can call Do login Now this is not the perfect way to do this because well For various reasons probably do login wants to run on a different dispatcher etc. Etc. But besides a point in this example If you want to do coroutines in a view model and there are reasons why you want to do it there instead You can do that as well. So they have a life cycle management for that The view model class has un-cleared Function which gets called once the view model is no longer used or no longer necessary to keep around So what this extension property does is basically adding a coroutine scope? That is getting cancelled in the un-cleared function for you. So now you can do view model scope launch This will allow you to do like not expose coroutines up to your UI components Which might or might not be a good idea. It depends so first Pattern or advice is to always use a life cycle KTX libraries for Android when you're doing coroutines And I do not try to reinvent the wheel. Everything is there for you. It's getting proper testing etc. Etc. as with any Concurrency or threading or things like that. You don't want to you don't want to reinvent stuff yourself Now, where would you want to call launch for the stuff you're gonna do? Well, you can call it in your fragment in your UI the top level you are component you have Like you have a login fragment that might be a valid thing to do But what happens if you would press back there or something? So maybe you maybe you want to move it down and you want to do Launch your coroutines in your activity Well, that might also be a good idea But what happens if you press home or you leave the leave the activities? So maybe a better choice is to do that add a suspending function in your view model So it survives when user goes in and out of the let's go Well, also the view models also cleared. So maybe depending on what it is you want to do Maybe you should put it in the single ton object you have that is the repository for talking to your back in API. So It depends you need to make these choices yourself depending on the use use of the API is et cetera Just remember that how things are cancelled is Is what will affect the completion of your coroutine So you already saw a sink before in the one of the first slides and there is also launch These are two of the basic ways of starting coroutines so Let's see the differences here what they what they mean So let's say we have our login API which has a suspending function named login Whatever we do there, it's besides a point you might use retrofit or ktor or whatever firebase or something But to get an auth result back so In our fragment we have a reference to our login API So we call life cycle scope to launch we call login we get the result we check the result and we do something there this is perfectly valid and It's also, you know It might be actually a good idea to use that one if you if you're want to make sure that the user stays in the login Fragment and if they leave they you would actually cancel whatever login operation you had Now another way to do it is to use async So when you call a sink and you return something from an async function, you're no longer getting a job You're getting a deferred So the deferred result it's like a future in Java What that means that you can take this deferred result and pass it into another coroutine elsewhere in your application So in this case here, we just start two different coroutines and the second one will wait The await call there will will then suspend the function until the login operation is completed in the first coroutine So again, which one should use it depends I can't give you an answer that is 100% valid every time so you have to consider what is your use case here Maybe you want to take the deferred result and pass it on to another fragment. I don't know So that is launch an async returns like a single result or do a single thing here But what about streams of events? That's usually what we're working with today. Whatever it's where it's coming from It might be database It might be outgoing events might be incoming events might be data coming from an API Etc etc. It might be updates from your GPS There are many types of events and we treat them like streams these days So if you know react Rx Java or something like that, you probably worked with that before It's a nice pattern to work with And we've got that with coroutines as well I'm not going to go into the details of reactive streams for Kotlin I'm going to give you one example. So you have a feeling of how to use it in an Android application So instant search is probably familiar to most of you you start typing And for every letter you do you make a new search search query yeah, so The challenge here for you as a developer is that you don't want to spam your API So you don't want to you don't actually want to call the search API on every single key press because We've just be waste of resources So you want to have a certain threshold where you like what the user stops typing after a certain amount of period time Then you send the request and if the new search happens while the old one is going on you want to cancel the old one and Make a new one Get it So that's the challenge with instant search now. This is an application that you can find on my github I'll show you a link to it later as well but Conceptually it works like this You have a stream of search queries going down into your application from your fragment into your view model into your Repository class and away to the the API and Then you have a stream of results coming The research results coming back up to your application. So here you have two streams going in both directions We start with our basic search repository just perform search we get a query we pass in a query We get a list of strings back our review model has a query channel and The query channel is of a type called conflated broadcast channel, which is a very strange word if you haven't work with this before but I will show explain shortly what it means what we do that is we publish a search result property I see here that I didn't show the type of this search result, but it is a live data in this case. So Bear with me here But how we get this search result property is that we call as flow So we convert our channel our conflated broadcast channel into a flow and Then we call the debounce operator, which is the key here to like keep down so we don't spam our API So the search delay milliseconds here. I put 300 milliseconds So when the user haven't typed a new character for 300 milliseconds, we perform a search And the way we do that is we take Because now we're getting the string from the query into this flow here into the map latest function And then I call search API perform search Now the the nice thing with this one is that if the user will type another character while the search is searches Sorry, the search is going on This Coroutine in the map latest function because it is another coroutine that will be cancelled automatically for you So it will never return a result So then you will just pass on a new one So you will not get cancelled operations or circuits that have started what was never completed And the final one is Aslay live data. So we convert this into a regular Android live data, which is easy to use in the fragments So first thing conflated broadcast channel if you have used Rx Java, this is basically the same as a behavior subject You can come be configured a little bit more Which means that it retains the latest value basically So a new subscription to this search result here will get the last value now the last live data is An extension function in lifecycle KTX another reason why you want to use that library That basically wraps a Collection of this flow into a live data object But not only that it also makes sure that it is kept around for a little bit longer than the lifecycle of whoever is Observing this live data.  So whenever the text is changed I get the query channel from my view model and I call offer offer is not a suspending function So it's but it's inside it wraps It launches a new coroutine inside there But this means that we don't need to call offer on our channel is inside a coroutine And that is one choice you can do there is there is another option here as well I'm gonna talk about in a moment, but basically we just give this channel here's the latest string Offer will return a boolean if this worked or not But in this case, we're actually not interested whether it works or not. It doesn't work We're going out of scope anyway. So We can just ignore that now when we want to listen for the results, I have my regular recite review adapter and What I do there is take the research result, which is the live data I observe that one with the life cycle of this activity and I call submit list on the adapter when whenever I get a new search result That's all you need to do to basically implement this instant search Now coroutine channels if you do offer you can do something like this, but I say you want to pass in three strings or three ins into a channel if The last one was successful. It will return return true and then you can do the next one and you can do the next one This isn't the practical real-world example, but it just shows how offer works Now if nobody is listening to our channel in collecting data, it will return false. So it will not Pass that go on to the next one If you use a suspending function, you can use send instead So then you can call these like Just like this and when send is invoked it will suspend until someone is collecting Those are the differences here so again Depends on which one you want to use Okay, so let's see how this was solved. We convert the flow in our That comes up in our view model to a live data for simplicity You don't need to expose coroutines up to your fragments or activities most of the time You can do it if you need to Also, we passing down events using a channel So when you want to send generate events in your application code You usually use a channel and when you want to listen for events that coming in you use a flow You convert stuff to flow or you create your own flow So coroutine channel and flow for events error handling in its importance in our example we We need to do something like that and the way to do that is nothing to do with coroutines But more about Kotlin use the sealed class something like this You create a type which is what your flow or your live data will always emit to the UI And then we have the we have the first class that extends search result the valid result Which contains a list of the search results? And then we have two objects that represents an empty result when we didn't get any hits or an empty query When we decided that this query is too short We don't want to return we don't want to make a search with this short query And then we have error and terminal error and the reason I have these two will be obvious in a second here So what we do in the map latest we just expand that one we wrap it in a try catch Inside it. We make a check if we if the Search string was long enough if it wasn't long enough then we return an empty query If we didn't get a search result we return empty result if we got a valid result We return that if we got an IO exception. I mean a network error We return an error result with that exception And then finally after map latest we add another operator called catch This will be the terminal catching for any other exception that we didn't catch in the map latest and There we emit and a terminal error because if we get another exception inside the map latest that we are not catching That means that the coroutine the whole flow will be cancelled So you need to like restart everything But this will be like a terminal error that it means that okay Now I have to close this view and go back or show the user some error message that was completely unexpected So in our handle search result We we do the following I see I misnamed the functions there, but I think you get the point So we check the type basically of these and then we call the appropriate function Okay So for error handling or actually dealing with Having a nicer way to deal with the results coming from your flow or your live data that you converted from a flow Use seal classes for everything You should of course do an exception handling properly as well, but it makes the error handling much much easier now There is there is a blog post where I wrote about this you can read more about it I'm going to details. There is a source code example here as well. You can run This example is also contains some code showing how to test co-routines, which I haven't covered yet And with that I would like to thank you all for listening and Hope it you find it interesting. I think we have some time for questions So any questions? Oh, yeah Thank you Did we have a microphone for questions? Is there any questions? That's fine. Oh, yeah one there Given the maturity of the new infrastructure of the Android X in Jetpack libraries Do you often get conflicts between the third party libraries you use which also depend on these components and your own application code? Sorry, but the last part I didn't get the dependency conflicts So given the maturity state of the Android X and Jetpack, it's not the recent thing Do you often get conflicts between your own dependencies and other dependencies which one the different version of that? If I do get dependency conflicts with the Android the Jetpack libraries. No, actually, this is I Considered that being a solved issue with once they went to Android X And I know they were expanding on this one and It's getting better every day as well So there's like easier to import like entire parts of the application It does give you warnings properly if I if you you imported one dependency Which actually depends on something else where you have a lower version. So yeah, I would say that it's fairly Good today. Yeah Okay Yeah, no more questions in that case Sorry, I'm not But Sorry one why why do you use this pattern because in my head I So You mean this one why I pass events down and why I pass them up So yep, the middleware that you're mentioning here is the search view model here in this in this example That's the kind of the business logic that drives our instant search logic Now you could place that on the back end instead. Is that what you mean or you have you see class where? Error seats and you send and it's intercepted by this search So we have this one is that what you mean or this one maybe So yeah, the Here's the channel where I this is string that user types in it gets passed into this function here and Then we basically pass it down into the lower part of the application Which will be in our in our view model here So it goes into this channel and it goes through this flow here and Here it gets them passed down to the API. So this is basically just an implementation of the middleware that you're talking about Okay Well, I think we're out of time. We need to set up for the next speaker. So thank you all where Michael coming. I hope you have a nice day


What's up, everyone? Take down here. Welcome back to another video. Today, I'm going to be sharing my thoughts and predictions on the 2020 NHL Stanley Cup playoffs. I'm really excited that this has been recently announced that they're going forward and doing some kind of playoffs because I thought to me it would have been a waste for an entire season to just throw away this season and then start a new season next season without crowning this year's champions. I understand everything with the pandemic, how they have to do certain protocols, and the chances of having fans in the audience at the playoff games is very slim. I doubt we're ever going to see that this year. However, I'm glad that they're going forward with a playoff. This year, they're going to be doing a 24 team playoff instead of the regular traditional 16 team playoff series. And the reason for that is because, in my opinion, there were so many teams that were close to getting in that personally, I feel like they could have gotten in if it were to make it to the end of the season. However, the season was cut short. So why not include them into the playoffs as well? I thought that was a smart decision. I think all the teams except for two voted for the 24 team playoff series. So I'm excited to see what happens this year. And I know for the past few years, they've been wanting to do a 24 team playoff series because they are doing it this year. Due to the pandemic, I could see it, if it's something that's successful and the fans like, I could see it sticking around for years to come. And that makes me very excited because that gives more teams an opportunity to win the Stanley Cup. So today, I'm going to be starting off with the qualifying round, something that's new for the 24 team. Not all the teams are going to be put in the first round and facing off. There's eight teams, four for the Western Conference and four for the Eastern Conference, who are going to be going into the first rounds. But prior to that, there is a qualifying round to see who is going to be facing them. So it's pretty interesting this year. And I absolutely love that concept. So now also for the qualifying rounds, it is going to be a series best of five instead of the traditional best of seven. They haven't announced what round one, two and all the other rounds are going to be. Something tells me they're going to be best of sevens like the traditional playoff series. But for the qualifying round, it's only going to be a best of five series. So up first for the Western Conference, we're going to start there. We have Edmonton Oilers versus Chicago Blackhawks. Now I'm excited because Chicago Blackhawks picked up a due to a trade what I believe to be a top goalie. And I'm really excited to see what this player does to see him hopefully get a push. And that is Malcolm Subban. I've been a fan of him for years in Vegas. He hasn't been getting a push when he was there because Flurry was the starting goalie. So now that he's on the Chicago Blackhawks, I'm hoping he does good. However, they do have a lot of elite players and they have been doing good in recent years. Hopefully he gets a lot more ice time and starts to very improve. But going against the Oilers, Connor McDavid, I'm a fan of the Oilers. I personally believe that the outcome of this series is going to be 3-2 for the Oilers. I believe the Oilers are going to be winning 3-2 and then they're going to be advancing on to the first round, which is going to be the Oilers versus Dallas Stars. That's what I believe my prediction is for this series. Next is going to be the Nashville Predators versus Arizona Coyotes. Now this one's very excited. I've been a fan for the past few years of the Predators. However, Arizona Coyotes this past season, they've been growing on me a lot. Of course, they have Phil Kessel and a lot of good rookies and ones that for the past few years, a lot of young talent that has been coming there have been really doing good and succeeding. And I'm really excited. Phil Kessel alone, I'm a huge fan of him. And they have also other great players as well. They're starting to really build up their franchise in Arizona. So I'm very excited to see what's going to happen. My prediction for this series, which if you asked me a few years ago for this series, I would say Predators all day. For this series, I'm going to say Coyotes 3-1. That's my prediction for this series. I just see that happening. I think the Coyotes are going to be going far in the playoffs this year. I really hope so because they've been growing on me. So in the next series, you will see in the next round, the Coyotes versus Vegas Golden Knights, if my prediction comes true. Next is going to be the Vancouver Canucks versus Minnesota Wilds. I haven't really been a fan of the Wild. I know they have some pretty keen players and some good players. However, the Canucks, I'm a Canadian, I have to vote for them in this one just because I could see them advancing. They have great players as well. They've been doing, in my opinion, a little bit better. So I think the Canucks are going to win 3-1 as well. And that in the next round, we're going to see the Canucks versus Colorado Avalanche, which I think is going to be a very exciting series. And the last one for the Western Conference is the Calgary Flames versus Winnipeg Jets. Canadian teams going at it, which is something I usually do not agree on. I usually like to see a Canadian team versus an American team and hopefully the Canadian team advance. That's just my mindset of doing it because we don't see Canadian teams win too much. But the teams that win, they usually have a lot of Canadian players. So for this series here, I've been a fan of Flames for years. I think they're going to be doing good in this series. Winnipeg Jets, I think they could do okay, but I'm going to say the outcome is going to be the Flames 3-2. And that means the Flames are going to advance to face the St. Louis Blues in the next round. So now I have the Eastern Conference here, which is a little bit more intense as far as the matches for the qualifying round and also who they're going to be facing in the next round if they do advance. So up first is the Pittsburgh Penguins versus Montreal Canadiens. Something that the Montreal Canadiens have been choking for years now. Usually in the first round, they get eliminated or they don't get too far into the playoffs. Unfortunately, I'm not a fan of them whatsoever, but I've been growing on them just because simply the fact that they have good players, they have a good lineups at times. It's just Kerry Price with his injuries over the past few years and a lot of other things. I just don't see them advancing too far. The Penguins on the other hand, Sydney Crosby, they've already won the championship two years consecutively. And then prior to that, a few, I honestly think the Pittsburgh are going to give the Montreal Canadiens a run for their money. But this one here, for a surprising thing, something I didn't think I'd predict, I'm going to say Montreal Canadiens are going to win three to two, just because I don't want to see Pittsburgh win and go on and go fire into the playoffs. I know they're an elite team. They're one of the top teams in the league. I just don't need to see them this year. Maybe next year, this year, I don't want to see them advance too far. So I'm going to say the Canadiens and Philadelphia Flyers are going to be facing off in the next round, which I'm really excited for the Flyers this year. I'm really hoping that they go really far and hopefully win. That would be exciting for me to see because I'm a huge fan of them. Next is going to be the Carolina Hurricanes versus New York Rangers. Now, New York has a few players that I really like. Number one, Mika Zabanajad. I loved him on the Ottawa senders. I like him on New York Rangers. He's been really doing a great push and I really see them advancing the Hurricanes had a good run at the last playoffs. But this year, I believe it's going to be three zero for the Rangers. That's my prediction. I think that it's going to be a clean sweep for the Rangers and then Rangers versus Washington Capitals in the next round. The next series is going to be the New York Islanders versus Florida Panthers. Now, New York Islanders have been losing a lot of their top talent, in my opinion. Now, they do have Pajot who they got from Ottawa Senators and I was sad to see him go. I think he's going to be doing great in the playoffs this year because of that, especially when he got the contract he wanted. So that's pretty nice to see a player get what he wants and be a part of a team that he wants to be part of. I know they have a lot of potential. However, they're going against Florida Panthers who've been really pushing and grinding and doing a lot of work and they have a lot of great players as well and a really great goalie. So this one's going to be very interesting, but I'm going to say my prediction is going to be three to one for the Panthers. I think it's going to be close, but I'm going to say three to one just because to spice things up, Panthers and then hopefully the Panthers in the next rounds, we will see the Panthers versus Tampa Bay Lightning. Florida team versus Florida team, that's going to be exciting to see in my opinion and I know Tampa Bay Lightning are a good run for the cup this year and to see them face the Panthers, I know a lot of people would choose Tampa Bay. I would honestly like to see Panthers go all day in advance and go forward and hopefully win a cup that would be interesting to see. So Panthers for this series, that's my prediction. And the last series is going to be the Montreal Canadiens versus Columbus Blue Jackets. Now, Columbus has been doing good in recent years, but they've also been trading away a lot of keen and top talents. However, Toronto Maple Leafs, I almost said the wrong team there, the Toronto Maple Leafs have a lot of top talent, but they're always combating each other and I could see in a few years a lot of their top talent leaving because they won't be able to continue to pay them as much as they're paying all of their players moving forward. So we're going to see a lot of change ups with Toronto Maple Leafs in the future. But for now, this lineup here, honestly, Toronto Maple Leafs don't usually go to find the playoffs to begin with and I don't really think they're going to for this one here. I'm going to say it's going to be a clean sweep for the Columbus Blue Jackets, 3-0 for the Columbus Blue Jackets and then the Blue Jackets will be facing Boston Bruins in the next round. If in my opinion, by Miracle, Toronto Maple Leafs do advance to the next round and face Boston, you know that round is going to go clearly to Boston because they've beaten the Maple Leafs before in the playoffs and they're going to continue to do that every time they're matched against them. So this is right now my predictions for the 2020 NHL playoffs. It's exciting to see a little bit of a change instead of the traditional 16 team playoff doing a 24 team playoff. And instead of every round being a best of seven, the first qualifying round is going to be best of five. That's what really is going to spark my interest and I think a lot of fans are excited to not only have the end of the season determined by somebody hoisting up the Stanley Cup, but also the facts that they're not just throwing the season out the window, which I think would suck. And I'm honestly excited to start making bets again for the NHL. So once the playoffs starts, I'm going to be making my bets and hopefully I'll be able to capitalize and get some kind of wins for my bets going. That's what I'm really excited for the playoffs, but I also want to see a team hoist the Cup. Now, right now I'm going to predict who I feel might be hoisting the Cup this year. My prediction, the three teams I'd like to see hoist the Cup are going to be number one, St. Louis Blues. Once again, I think that'd be awesome to see them do it two years in a row for never holding a championship before that. I'm also going to say Arizona Coyotes because I'm a fan of them. They've been growing on me and I'd like to see them win because they've been a team for the past few years that people thought would get cutouts. Now they're starting to gain a lot of traction. And the last team is going to be Philadelphia Flyers. I'd honestly love to see them win. So this is my prediction for the qualifying round of the 2020 NHL playoffs. Comment down below what your prediction are for the series. And I'm going to leave this video here. Please take care. Peace.


Hi guys, I'm Zach Fox and this is MTV News. Kylie Jenner has turned 21! Now, there's lots of stereotypical things people do when they hit the big 2-1, and Kylie Jenner is no different, so which of the following do you think she's done? A. She had her first legal drink. B. She's taken a photo with her most special gift. Or C. She got an airline transport pilot's license for an aeroplane helicopter or gyro plane. The answer was B. And A. Probably as well. This whole thing was a shambles. D. All of the above. I mean, this is Kylie Jenner we're talking about here, so her party was never going to be a quiet soiree. But between the giant ball pit and starved t-shirts emblazoned with her Forbes cover, she really was living her best life. Are people still saying that? I hope so. She posted a whole bunch of pics to her Instagram after her big night, but the ones that have gained the most likes are these two of her with baby Stormi. Aww, that's sort of cheating, though, in a way. I mean, this vid could probably get 17 million likes too if I was holding a baby. She captioned this one, bringing in my birthday tonight with my most special gift. What was life before you, Stormi? I love you, my little angel. Aww, that's kind of sweet, isn't it? Well, happy birthday to you, Kylie Jenner. And you guys, make sure you like this video if you want to. I don't know. Only if you want to, though. Mmm, I know what you're thinking. And yes, I'll happily run through the best quotes of Kanye West's interview with Jimmy Kimmel. A couple of people that were actually thinking that have probably just thrown their phone in the air. Sorry, everyone else. They told me, every time I said I liked Trump, I couldn't say it out loud or my career would be over. I'd get kicked out of the black community because blacks are only supposed to have a monolithic thought. We can only be Democrats. Oh, okay. Let's keep it light, Kanye. I'm trying to have a fun show here. He also said, you can't bully me, liberals can't bully me, the news can't bully me because at that point, if I'm afraid, I'm no longer yay. I won't ask you again, Kanye. Please keep it light. My cousin is locked up for murder. I love him. He still did a bad thing, but I still love him. He doesn't care. This guy does he. I'm actually mad at him now.  Well, you're welcome, Kanye. If you want more yay news or mind reading, then make sure to keep it MTV. Oh, you were going to anyway. Ignore me. Hello, and welcome to Wednesday's edition of MTV News with myself, Tania Taylor. Charlotte Cross, we have revealed her brand new ink and some fans are less than impressed. The Geordie Lass revealed her new Joshua tattoo after having her ex Steven Baer's name removed just a few weeks ago. And we actually think it's kind of cute. The tattoo, which is on the back of her neck, was shown off on the ground with the caption Berlin Ink. But of course, some people aren't so into it. With one commenting, this is now BF number three, she's had tattooed. But Charlotte soon fired back saying, I mean, one of them technically wasn't my choice, just the two of us shown. So it's the second. Our friend and fellow Geordie short girl, Holly Hagan, piped up writing, this is just typical Charlotte Crosby. And there's nothing wrong with that. Another fan couldn't help but get involved by saying, she must be so embarrassed, thinking people would like it, yet most have said the same, silly lass. Only this time, Charlotte had the perfect response. No, in all honesty, I needed to put up a picture that would get a crazy amount of comments that boost my likes, then in turn, boost my interaction. And you guys have provided immensely, so thanks for helping a girl out. Touche, Charlotte Touche. Kendall Jenner has revealed she was on the verge of a mental breakdown last year. In a candid interview with Love Magazine, the supermodel opened up about the reason she's been absent from the runway in recent months. She said, last season, I didn't do any shows, just because I was working in LA, and I was like, I can't right now, I'm going to go crazy. She did eventually return to the catwalk in June and Milan, looking stunning. And thanks to her family and friends for their support. I feel very, very blessed and I think that I live a very extraordinary life. She continued, I wouldn't change it for the world, but there are days where I wish I could walk outside and nothing would be like it is right now. Although many showed their support to Kendall, some labelled her despicable and self-absorbed. But thankfully, big sister Kim jumped to her defense, tweeting, Do you know Kendall? She's the complete opposite and is the most generous, compassionate person I know. Her being standoffish is anxiety that paralyzes her, which you take as rude. She a despicable, entitled, unsympathetic, sadistic, uncharitable, self-absorbed human would write this tweet. Well, what a big sister's for, right? If you feel in any way affected by what you've heard today, then head to www.mine.org.co.uk for further info and support. That's all the goss I've got for you this week. I've been Tania Taylor and I'll see you soon.


Hi, I am Eric. I'm from a northern small town called Luleå in Sweden and You're watching trucker Josh vlogs on YouTube Decided to join us and we're About a third of the way back home We're on the I-94 West of Minneapolis. I'm just pulling into this rest area here and I'm gonna go check my load. It's time for a load check Sure, the straps are still tight. Make sure the tarp is still on properly Sure that nothing's wrong. Oh, there's still a lot of people. Oh, it's still early. That's why people haven't even started their day yet Still packed in here Thanks I'm used to being on a total different schedule usually when I pull into a rest area In the middle of the day. It's not this full. I guess there's a spot right here Yeah, it's still right full. Wow, everyone's still sleeping Well, the tarp is still there. So that's a good sign Straps underneath here Check to make sure they're all still tight They'll actually come around here with the the actual snipe and Test them all out. That's a lot better. So I'm feeling pretty good actually for having started to work at 2 30 in the morning Now that tarp job turned out pretty good. I must say nice and even Look at that. It's like a Christmas present Huh? Oh What's going on here though? This is all about why is this poking out? This is a little I don't like the way that looks there like that, but still does the job Doesn't look as good as the other side though. The other side looks much nicer Let's go look at that side. Oh Look at that side Much nicer.  It's just Whenever I go through the wash bay I don't have The tarps out, you know, usually they're all rolled up and I Wish I had a pressure washer at home. I take them home and wash them myself It is what it is Everything looks good. I'm just gonna cook you go around and Test all the straps make sure they're still tight and then we'll be on our way. I Washed my windshield before too Summertime The bugs are in a very depressed mood and seem to want to commit suicide More often than not, I don't know why they got to include me in that decision.  Nothing I can really do about it. I See it as a good sign that summer is here, you know So this is worried by Alexandria, Minnesota, we've actually made it pretty far Actually haven't been paying attention to the towns I've been passing I Thought we were still on the east side of sock center Well Today's been a really weird day I'm gonna stop for a little nap here Where am I am about an hour from Moorhead, Minnesota Fargo, North Dakota or an hour from the I-29 and I'm not too tired right now But I've also been up since 2 30 this morning and I don't want to be completely useless and tired tonight when I'm with Brit So I'm gonna stop for about a Go to bed for about two two and a half hours or so just get a little bit of a power nap in so that I can get Home in a boat home with five hours from our yard and get home this afternoon And actually have some energy to get some stuff done or just to hang out with her watch a movie or whatever we feel like doing Otherwise, I'm just gonna get home and probably fall asleep Shortly after and then I don't get any time with her right then I'm What's the point of getting home early if I'm just gonna go to bed and waste a whole evening away That I could spend with her so I'll sleep a little bit here get home a little later But I'll have energy to stay awake right tomorrow. We're going to the beach. I'm excited. I Think we're going to the St. Molo Beach and let's if she changes her mind I don't really care where we go wherever she wants to go She wants to get out or I could tell she wants to get out and enjoy the summer just by the way she's been talking and I Figured hey, why not? Take Sunday and go to the beach. I think that's a good Sunday activity Spend some time there go in the water. It's gonna be fun I'll see you guys in a couple of hours two and a half hour nap. I Don't know if that helped probably notice later more. So I still feel a little tired, but good to go We got another three and a half hours to the border about four and a half or so hours to a yard So not that far not that far All right, let's get going. I want to go home this time is not 9 30 in the morning. What a weird day weird schedule At least now that I had a nap. I'm more on the normal schedule, right? I Don't wake up so early all the time I've been working since about 2 30 to 45 this morning I'm glad the rain is getting itself all out of the way today. So we can have a sunny day at the beach tomorrow It's supposed to be 31 degrees Celsius all day. Well at the peak anyways It's gonna be a great day to be there pretty one Celsius. What is that Fahrenheit hot? Well, it's not like Arizona hot It's more like Minnesota hot It's probably a 95 Fahrenheit something 100 Fahrenheit somewhere around there. I had 30 some kilometers There's about 25 miles We'll be at the Canuck border where we will cross over the imaginary line and hopefully it'll be a quick and smooth crossing Hopefully this time my load all checks out with the border patrol that they don't have to Get me to untarp everything and go through my stuff again Never if they need to I got nothing to hide and a closed scale is once again the best kind of scale They're my favorite. Oh my my scale bypass system is linked in through my e-log system, right? And usually when I had my old e-log system in here, I would get bypassed Passed the scale get the green light to just bypass the scale at least like 90% of the time, right? Always bypassed since I got this new e-log system in here. I Have to pull in it tells me to pull in every single time a hundred percent of the time So I've got to ask them to look into that That's kind of strange that it would go from almost always bypassing me to suddenly always pulling me in Sometimes I can go right past the scale right in my e-log will ding and it'll give me a message whether or not I have to pull in or not I had to stop on the way home and pick up some Some drugs These are for Frankie it's for his enlarged heart We'd almost run out and Britt called me and asked me to stop by Our drug dealer the vet on the way home So now we've that was our only errand Chevy. You want to go home? I want to go home Let's go This truck is so dirty. I'm gonna have to clean this thing up before Britt gets in here Our vet is super country and down the back roads They're gonna try and find a way out of here. I'm trying to find a shortcut a truck route shortcut It's a lot of these back roads that were close to the Stein back So a lot of these back roads have like beautiful beautiful homes In these bushes here and stuff and a lot of them don't allow trucks Because they don't want their fancy gravel roads to get all damaged or whatever this road is this road is nice and nice and oiled but the oil is Running out up here, and then this is gravel and I kick up quite a bit of dust with the truck Think this road up ahead here. I'm trying to get back to Steinbeck somehow I'm exploring a little bit. What? Put me on a back road and I get carried away. I guess I should clarify. I'm not pulling a trailer right now I'm Bob tailing Not like I'm pulling a load of trailers through here All that barn collapsed there finally. Oh, that's a mess Wow Think I used to know the people that lived there Before that barn collapsed yikes. I was an old barn.  I want a pool too. I'm gonna have a pool one day Before I retire I want a pool That's that. It's a long day. You know what? I'll try that again. That's that What a long day Chevy give a good time Give a good time. We've been home for a little while already. Just getting ready to go to bed Tomorrow Sunday, so we won't be making any videos or editing or anything tomorrow But Britt and I are going to the beach spending the day there hoping my mom will be able to stop by and her dad and step mom might stop by as well, so We'll see what happens if no one stops by then it'll just be me and Britt hanging out at the beach I'll see you guys the day after tomorrow on Monday take care and Have a good one Hello, this is Ian Alfano after 30 years in the trucking business. I've settled here in the sea turtle Nesting capital of the world satellite Beach, Florida But the way I get my day started each morning after drinking my coffee is with trucker Josh vlogs That's TJV on YouTube. Don't forget to like and subscribe and check out Brits beat also a special shout-out to all my buddies diesel Frankie and that little tiny lap dog Chevy tune in


Greetings everyone. Today I'd like to share a topic called First Generation Course in Miracles Students. What do I mean by that? Well, the course came to us in a period of seven years from 1965 to 1972 and then was published around 1975 in a complete set. Three books, a textbook, a workbook, and a manual for teachers. So the students who've been working with this course in miracles have basically been working with the book and the materials since about 1975. And here we are in 2017. So this group of students as well as this group of teachers have been working with the material for over four decades. And these first generation students are working with a material that is a very direct pathway to enlightenment, to self-realization or self-actualization. And we could say that includes God realization as you know yourself as God created you. So with first generation students we can review these decades and review the practice, the study and practice of this book and all attempts at practical application of these amazing, deep, profound teachings in the field of self-realization, in the experience of self-realization. So first of all we could say that the early students of the course have had to study and learn the metaphysics of the course in miracles. And the ego's resistance to grasping these metaphysics is enormous. So there can be all kinds of distortions that are introduced by the ego. Examples of these distortions. One would be that there is this belief that God created the world or God created the cosmos as a teaching learning device that something that is of pure oneness, which is our source is pure oneness, could somehow create that which is perceptual, that which is incremental like time and space. And the time-space continuum. And so we could say that that's a distortion. In the trinity we have the Father, Son, the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit. It is a metaphor of that which remembers God, but also is capable of overlooking illusions and being a bridge from perception back to knowledge, from time-space, temporal continuum back to absolute pure light and love, abstract love and oneness, unconditional love. So the Holy Spirit is the one who uses words and words were made by the ego as symbols of the symbols twice removed from reality. But the Holy Spirit uses words to point back to a leaping off point of transcending those words, transcending all of perception. This is the mission of the Holy Spirit. Another distortion that can come in is when things from, of course, the miracles are taken in a very literal way, it really misses the point that all of these concepts and symbols in A Course in Miracles are just stepping stones, are just temporary devices that the Holy Spirit can use to instruct the mind that is sleeping, to help the mind that is sleeping and it's waking up to its divinity. So perception is capable of serving a purpose that will unify fragmented perception and bring a holistic perception of the world. A unified perception, sometimes it's called, in other traditions, unified awareness. And this unified awareness is the gateway to the remembrance of God, to the remembrance of eternity, the happy dream that's a phrase that Jesus uses in A Course in Miracles. Before you wake up from nightmares, you will have a happy dream. And this is a dream of non-judgment, that's what makes it happy. So we open to practicing the Course at distinction also that A Course in Miracles uses is the distinction between the wrong mind, which is the ego and its purposes of separation and guilt, pain, suffering, death, and a right-minded perception. The right mind is the home of the Holy Spirit and the home of the Comforter that brings you home, that takes you higher and higher. So we want to look at these distinctions and we want to see that we have an amazing tool, if given over to the Holy Spirit, but that the ego will attempt to distort the teachings of A Course in Miracles to preserve its seeming existence, its sense of existence. Although the Holy Spirit shows us that an error doesn't have reality, and when all the darkness is brought to the light, when all errors have been raised to the light of truth, of oneness, then error disappears and in truth never was. So with first-generation students, we see a very sincere attempt to study and grasp the metaphysics of A Course in Miracles, and then through applying the workbook lessons on a very daily basis with great willingness to transfer the training, make no exceptions to these beautiful, pure ideas, that through this application, the experience of the unified awareness of the forgiven world or the happy dream comes into awareness. I would say that the teachings are very, very important, and yet the most important thing in working with A Course in Miracles is the transfer of training that I just mentioned, really making no exceptions when practicing these workbook lessons. So students often struggle in this transfer of training, and yet the instructions at the beginning of the workbook are saying that these teachings need to be applied to everyone and everything in the world in order to come to an experience that transcends the linear perception of the world. And though at times we could say that dedication is weak and resistance is high, it just takes faith to keep going, keep practicing, keep applying to come into this experience. That's the one thing to remember, keep it up. Keep up to practice. Blessings.


Hello, boys and boyettes, girls and girlettes. If I flicker, it's because the narcissist is dissociative. He doesn't have a continuous existence or a continuous identity. He flickers on and off, approach avoidance, repetition, compulsion. He doesn't remember 90% of his life. You are his external memory and today I have a special treat for you. I'm going to describe my own personal experience with the shared fantasy and the bargaining phase based on my 26 relationships. Yes, 26 relationships. And the last one is, of course, with the inevitable mini. Here she is. She's back. How are you, Sam? Okay, never better. I'm flourishing. I'm rich. I'm getting supply. I'm making money. I'm productive. I'm making YouTube videos. Never better. And I'm irresistibly handsome. Well, in a Lizardy reptilian kind of way. But Sam, what about all the people out there who are suffering? What about the pandemic? Don't push your luck, mini. The fact that I'm giving you access to me doesn't mean that you can abuse this access. Oh Sam, sorry. I didn't mean it. And you know what? You're hot. You're sexy. You're irresistible. And you are very, very handsome. That's it, you mug. You broken mug. You damaged goods. You have crossed the line. You have pushed the envelope. I am going to delete your tea and block your mug account. And that'll be the end of you. Not before, of course, I take a seat. This is one of the six things I do before breakfast. I delete your comments and block your accounts. And it makes me feel euphoric and omnipotent and godlike. I'm very grateful to you for providing me with this opportunity. Okay. Jokes aside, let us start with today's crucible. And as usual, before we get to the crux and to the point, and to remind you today, I'm going to discuss my personal experience with shirt fantasy and bragging and so on. And I'm doing this in order to clarify some things. Because from your questions and comments, I see that many, many things remain how to put it gently, confused and discombobulated. So I want to help you get to grips with exactly what's happening. And this time from the narcissist point of view, we'll come to it. But before we come to it, you have as usual to suffer through my rant. This is the daily rant. It's a price you pay for granting you access to my inestimable, amazing, unprecedented, unique divine mind. Start with the issue of entitlement. Entitlement has two forms. One is when you require special treatment. You should be treated only by the best doctor. You should receive priority service. Over and above everyone else, you should jump the queue. This is special treatment and you deserve special treatment just by merely existing. Your very existence warrants special treatment because you are special. And the second form of entitlement is others work you benefit. You don't want to Google, so you ask others to Google for you. Yes, many of you do this. It's entitlement. I have a surprise for you. It's grandiose narcissistic entitlement. You don't do your homework. You don't search this channel. You don't Google. You don't search other channels. You don't bother. You simply appear online and ask other people to do your work for you. And that is a form of entitlement. Now, the second comment I want to make is about envy. And I'm going to dedicate a whole video to the issue of envy and how the narcissist experiences envy and how envy and the envious narcissist, how this constitutes a major motivation with a narcissist. But the thing is, the narcissist denies that he is envious because to acknowledge that he is envious would be to acknowledge that he is inferior. After all, you don't envy your inferiors.  You don't envy someone who has less than what you have. You envy someone who has more than what you have. Things that you wish you had and you don't. Success, position, rank, dominance, a beautiful wife, a flashy car, a great bank account. So to envy is to admit inferiority. And that's why narcissists vehemently deny that they are envious. I've been accused by you, many of you, that I'm envious of the likes of Jordan Peterson and others. Well, that I am an envious person because I'm a narcissist and all narcissists are envious. Envy is actually one of the diagnostic criteria of narcissistic personality disorders, believe it or not, pathologically envious. So, and I am envious. But when it comes to public intellectuals, this is one of the sole exceptions where I'm not operating out of envy. For example, I'm a great admirer of Slavoj Zizek. I'm a huge admirer of Noam Chomsky. There are public intellectuals which are holding very high esteem and as role models and I wish to emulate and learn from. It's not true that I envy success because Slavoj Zizek is as successful as Jordan Peterson and Chomsky is even more successful, more well known, more popular. So it's not about envy. I rail against people I perceive to be narcissists and I doubly rail against people who are narcissists and present themselves as saints or gurus or mystics or people with all the answers. I rail against such people. I rail against politicians, not because they are successful, but because they are narcissists. I rail against public intellectuals and self-styled mystics, self-styled experts, fake because they are narcissists and they are abusing you. All these cults are a form of mass narcissistic abuse. You should understand that. They treat you with contempt.  And recently there's this phenomenon. I'm getting like hundreds of messages and emails and comments from young people, young men to be more precise. And these young men are trying to pit me against the other intellectuals. It's like a gladiator, gladiatorial spectacle in the coliseum in Rome. I'm supposed to come with a mace and John Peterson will come with a spear. And we're going to go at each other until we draw blood. And all these young men are going to sit around. So there was criticism of my work on the monosphere by a guy called Tomassi. He wrote a book called The Rational Mail, if I remember correctly. And he fancies himself to have established to be the father of the monosphere.  And I've received this avalanche of messages. Tomassi destroyed you. You must protect your honor. And then you see videos with Jordan Peterson where all the young people taunt him and tease him and attack him facetiously, not really, in order to bring out his fighting spirit. And it is the most despicable, reprehensible, repulsive, public spectacle imaginable. And these self-styled and sometimes real public intellectuals collaborate in this because it makes them very popular. And they go at each other's thrones. And they display exact erudition in response to questions proving that they are omnipotent, I'm sorry, that they know everything. There's nothing they don't know. These are narcissistic displays. And I will never ever collaborate in anything like this. Ever. Not because I don't need to prove anything. Each and every one of us has to prove himself day in and day out. If I claim intellectual authority, I back it up. I back it up with books. I back it up with other authors. I cite at length my sources. I have to prove myself to you. Of course I do. But I don't have to prove myself to other public intellectuals. And definitely I don't have to do this to please you. I mean, FU, I'm doing what I'm doing to further knowledge, erudition, and to bring, if possible, a modicum of enlightenment. My small pearl in a vast sea of gems. And so if you expect me to be your entertainment for the night, use Tinder. I'm out. I hope this message is clear. Don't ever dare to write to me such messages again. And now to the issue. Before I come to the core of today's video, and by the way, at the end of the video, I'm again going to quote at length from a book, which I find very interesting. So before we come to the issue of how does it feel inside the shared fantasy? What's a narcissist's point of view of the shared fantasy? Without the adulteration of society and culture, and what gurus say, and what experts say, and what you say, and what victims say, and what self-styled empaths, covert narcissists, say without all these contaminating influences. How does a narcissist, all by himself, alone at night, feel, actually experience this whole relationship cycle? Before we come to that, it's important to understand that there is a cascade. The narcissist's sex or sexuality is always auto-erotic. Narcissists always essentially prefer to masturbate, because he's incapable of adult, mature sexual relationships. The narcissist is also usually kinky, not always, but usually kinky. And a small minority of narcissists are sadists.  Simply, the overwhelming vast majority of women are turned off by the narcissist's sexuality. It's a fact. The narcissist is capable of the most amazing sexual fantasies. But when it comes to performance and to bed, either it's masturbatory pyrotechnics, he uses you as a sex doll and he himself becomes an animated dildo, a vibrator, with not too many speeds, or he pitas out. He shrivels literally sometimes with erectile dysfunction. So women are turned off by the narcissist's sexuality, having experienced it firsthand. And this gradually leads to sexlessness.  And so at the beginning it's three times a day, then it's three times a month, then it's three times a year. Then it's once in three years. So you become a sexless couple. The definition of a sexless couple in psychology is a couple that has fewer than 10 full-fledged penetration sexual encounters a year. If you have fewer than 10, you're a sexless couple. Sexlessness leads to estrangement. There's a lot of resentment, a lot of bad blood, a lot of damage, enormous damage to self-esteem, especially with a woman, but not only with a woman. Self-confidence, the sense of self-worth is challenged head-on. And subject to such a relentless attack, sexlessness challenges self-worth, a sense of self-worth. It begins to fluctuate, it becomes volatile. In other words, the parties develop borderline-like, borderline-like, the ability of mood, dysregulation of emotions, and narcissistic-like inability to regulate the sense of self-esteem. Sexlessness leads to extremely bad mental health consequences for both members of the couple and to estrangement. And of course, estrangement leads inexorably to some kind of withdrawal. Withdrawal, cheating, and other forms of betrayal. Now withdrawal can have many forms. The woman can suddenly invest herself 100% of the time in her children, in her work with her girlfriends. Or she can cheat. She can have an emotional affair.  She can go on a binge of one night stands. Or she can attend the local bar seven days a week, 24 hours a day. She can become an alcoholic, or a junkie, or whatever. Estrangement leads to action, the action of withdrawing from the relationship. And so the relationship becomes transactional. The narcissist provides, he gives, usually material goods, money. And his spouse or his intimate partner provides services. The sexist gun, the adulation, supply is gun, and all that's left is a service provision contract, similar to your internet service provider. But long before this happens, there are the initial phases. The honeymoon with the grooming and love bombing, followed by the shared fantasy. Now I'm about to tell you how I had experienced all 26 of my relationships. Five of them, very serious relationships. And 21 relationships that lasted more than four months.  If you calculate, if you put all of them together, I'm 293 years old. Okay. Again, trying to be serious. Now, I'm going to discuss my personal experience, but I want you to understand. I have a database, the biggest in the world, of close to 1,800 people, diagnosed by clinicians, not by internet forums, diagnosed by clinicians, as suffering from narcissistic personality disorder. About half of them have only narcissistic personality disorder. They're not comorbid with anything else. Not with mood disorders, not with borderline, not with psychopathy, nothing. They are pure, pure bread, nine criteria, level nine, narcissists. And the other half are comorbid. So these are not narcissists diagnosed by their very angry spouses. These are narcissists diagnosed by diagnosticians, by experts, mental health practitioners. And I'm going to describe my personal experience, but I'm going to describe only parts of my personal experience, which resonate with at least 70% of these diagnosed narcissists. To remind you the size of the database is 1,800 narcissists. So whenever I say something right now, yes, it is my personal experience, but close to 1,000 or 1,200 narcissists in my database had the very same experience, shared the same experience. So though it is my personal experience, it is absolutely almost universal and valid to the vast majority of narcissists. Cerebral and somatic, by the way. So there's no distinction here. Also, just a comment about cerebral and somatic. I'm cerebral, and I can go like 15 years without sex. And I've done that. But I have periods where I'm somatic, actually, as horny as they come. And then I'm essentially very close to a sex addict. And these periods can last two, three years. So there's no type constancy. Cerebral can become somatic. Somatic can become cerebral.  Let's talk about the shared fantasy phase. In the shared fantasy, I refuse to act as a man. Why do I refuse to act as a man? First of all, I don't know how to act. I don't know how to be a man. In my childhood, I was not allowed to differentiate. Every human being goes through a phase called gender differentiation. It's part of a bigger process called socialization. The child observes mommy, observes daddy. The child picks up information from the environment, from role models, from teachers, from the media, from television. Now online. And gradually the child forms a view, an opinion, as to what it takes to be a man, how men should behave. The child acquires behaviors and traits, which differentiate him or her as man or woman. In other words, to be a man or to be a woman is an acquired, mostly learned thing. Now obviously I'm not denying that there is a biological template or biological foundation upon which gender roles are imposed. If gender roles were to be contrary to the biological template, they would have failed. But gender roles resonate with the biological template. However, 90% of gender roles are socially and culturally determined. I will not go into it right now, I've done it in other videos. And the narcissist has a problem because he is not allowed as a child to set boundaries, to separate, to individuate. So he remained attached to one of the genders, in most cases to the mother. And if he's a male, he cannot become a male.  To become a full-fledged man means to say bye-bye to money, to go away from one woman, mother to another woman, lover, spouse, intimate partner, wife, mother of his children. It is this process that he mismanages. And he mismanages because of wrong cues, bad cues, bad signals coming from his mother, but never mind all this. He fails to become a man, simply fails to become a man. He is undifferentiated. And indeed the vast majority of narcissists have bisexual tendencies, or can conceive of and consider homosexual experiences. They are not fully differentiated, they are not androgynous. Many of them are not actually bisexual. They don't practice bisexuality. But they are far more bisexual than the normal population, the control group. And they are bisexual because they are not fully differentiated. They have a very powerful feminine element and a very powerful masculine element and none of them is dominant. The masculine doesn't predominate the feminine and the feminine doesn't predominate the masculine. Consequently, many of them have latent homosexual tendencies which they then deny as oppressed. Many of them become homophobes and so on.  It's extremely chaotic. The gender roles are similarly non-differentiated. And so I don't know how to be a man. I refuse to act as a man because I'm not good at it. And I don't want to do something that I'm not good at, partly because I'm grandiose. I hate to fail. If I try to be a man, I fail.  I don't want to grow up. I want to remain a child. I don't want to assume adult chores. I don't want to have to cope with adult responsibilities. This is the Peter Pan Pueri Aeternus syndrome, the eternal adolescence. Since I don't want to grow up and I don't know how to be a man, I'm not a man, I decline to act as an adult would. I personally don't drive. Many of narcissists are simply immature. They are focused on themselves in the sexual act. We call this autoeroticism.   I happen to have 198 IQ and most of the narcissists in my database are pretty intelligent. And they are self-aware, contrary to online mythology. So I know, I know I can't be a man.  And I can't give my intimate partner what she wants. Black helicopters are swooping down. They don't want me to tell you this. You heard the noise? It's over. They picked up some other narcissists. So I realize that I can't give the woman who is with me. I can't give her what she needs. I can't provide her with what she wants. I can't be a man for her. I can't fulfill her needs. I can't meet her requirements. So I accept that in order to persevere, in order for her to survive within an increasingly more sexless shared fantasy, I accept that she has to meet her sexual and emotional needs with other men. Imagine the following.  Of course I would have given my wife permission to be with other men. I can't satisfy her sexually. Probably I wouldn't be able to satisfy her emotionally with all the depression and the anxiety attendant upon the accident. So I would give her permission to kind of stray.  If I really love her, or if I'm attached to her in some way, or if I care about her, then I, as a quadriplegic man, the only moral and ethical thing to do is to give my wife permission to be with other men. Similarly, the narcissist is an invalid, he is a cripple. And he knows that in order to keep the shared fantasy alive, in order to ascertain and to ensure that the woman stays in the shared fantasy, he has to let her go. That's Rumi, that's not me. The Persian poet, if you love the bird, let her go. So I, in the shared fantasy, I'm intermittently a child, I'm intermittently a father, but I'm never, not ever, not for a split second, an adult man. I don't know to court, I don't know to flirt, I have no passion, I have no desire. Technically, I have no sex drive. I'm goal oriented. I use sex to achieve goals, like for example, to acquire an intimate partner to captivate her during the love-bombing and the grooming phase. So I know this, and I know that she has emotional and sexual needs, so I tell her, okay, go look for other men. Go look for men, actually, not for other men. Go look for a man. I'm not a man. As long as there is no risk of abandonment, I turn a blind eye. I even encourage my intimate partner tacitly or openly to cheat on me and to resort to other men as extensively for as long as she needs to.   And I know, I, I, I realize that. And sometimes I came across proof and evidence of that. And sometimes the women themselves came, came back, returned from the night out and told me about it. Sometimes in great detail, cruel detail, because they were angry at me. But as long as there is no risk of abandonment, as long as I don't spot this click, this switch, this hint, this shadow, this reflection, this, this intuitive, ambient, atmospheric kind of olfactory thing that she's about to abandon me. As long as I don't have this, I'm absolutely 100,000 million percent sure that she may have casual sex. She may have a lover, but she's going to stay with me. She's not going to abandon me. I do not experience romantic jealousy. Now, many of you have written, this is not true. My narcissist was romantically jealous. He forbade me. He didn't. He prohibited. He curtailed my social life. He wouldn't let me even meet gay may friends. Yes, it's true. But bear with me, be patient. We are coming to this. As long, let me repeat, as long as there is no risk of abandonment, narcissists do not experience romantic jealousy. I never experienced romantic jealousy. Put together the 26 women I had relationships with, they have dated a total of well over 140 men and they have slept with them. They have slept with well over 140 men while they have been in a relationship with me. These are the 140 men I know of. And in about half these cases, I knew where they were going, what they were doing, and many of them came back and told me everything about. And yet, I never experienced a twinge, a hint, a twitch, a tick of romantic jealousy. Actually, I didn't experience any other emotion. Not only romantic jealousy, no other emotion, no sadness, no fear, no jealousy, nothing. Okay, you had sex? Good for you. What shall we have for breakfast? Sometimes I even experience relief. Relief that I don't have to cater to the demands of my intimate partner as a woman. Her needs as a woman? That's someone else's problem now. She had outsourced. She had outsourced the potentially thorny and threatening issue of my needs as a woman. I'm not a man. I can't help her with this. I feel helpless. I feel humiliated. I feel less and omnipotent, mind you. It challenges my grandiosity. So I'm very relieved and happy when she finds a solution. Even if this solution is another man, there's no place for jealousy or any other emotion except relief. With her gun, the hours and the evenings and the nights and the years, some of these, some of these affairs lasted four years. With her gun, imposing on another man's time and other man's resources, you know, good riddance. I have now regained my mastery of my life. I feel liberated and euphoric. Like a child.  Home alone. In my case, home alone, one, two and three, all the sequels. The adults are gone. My intimate partner who is an adult, she is gone to play with other adults. She left me the child all alone. At home, I can do anything I want. I can eat anything I want. I can play with any toy I want. The nuisance, the imposition, the upload presence is busy elsewhere. She's sleeping with another guy. Good for her. I'm left to my pleasurable devices, to my time consuming vocations or avocations. Avocation is a fancy word for hobby. But I'm not going to say hobby. I'm not going to say hobby because I want to humiliate you. No, I'm kidding. Avocation is a beautiful word for hobby. So I'm left all alone and I love to be alone. Because when I'm alone, I don't feel inadequate. I don't feel like a failure. I don't confront nagging and resentment and disappointment and disappointment and dissillusion and disenchantment and criticism and disagreement. When I'm alone, I'm alone with my biggest fan and with my greatest lover because I'm auto-erotic. All my erotic feelings and all my sex drives, such as it is, is directed at myself, at my own body. I turn myself on big time. I fulfill the father role. But I fulfill the father role only when my woman seeks my advice. Or more frequently, when she asks for money. I give her the money. I give her the advice. When I give her the advice, I'm the sage, sagacious guru. I sit there like Buddha embodied and I spew my words of wisdom. And I solve cases very often because I'm clever. I'm intelligent. And then I chastise her and, you know, I discipline her because I'm a father. That's what fathers do. Having dispensed with this sequence, I revert to childish form. I become a child again. This is when I don't perceive impending abandonment. When there's no risk of abandonment. But when I perceive a growing and veritable risk of abandonment, when I perceive abandonment in the air, for example when the woman becomes avoidant, secretive or deceptive, I begin to stalk my woman persistently and intrusively. I abruptly impose new strict rules and boundaries.  I limit my partner's contact with men. Or I prohibit her from meeting men altogether. I may even initiate short-term reclaimed sex until I deem the shared fantasy restored until the risk of abandonment is over.  And then I will stop, of course. So when there is abandonment in the air, when I feel it coming, when I intuit my intuition tells me she's about to abandon me, I suddenly become a man or an imitation of a man. You know, I impose discipline. I impose sexual exclusivity. I become suddenly hyper-sexed. But this doesn't go down well with my intimate partner. I'll come to it in a minute. The more approach avoidant, the more labile, the more dysregulated the woman is, the higher the probability of abandonment, the higher the risk of loss.  You know? She's this kind of woman.  Then she can dump me any minute. Abandonment is always there. Loss is always there. And it's very, very difficult to maintain a stable, predictable shared fantasy. And this creates an eternal love-bombing-grooming honeymoon phase. I never exit the honeymoon phase. I never succeed to transition from love-bombing and grooming to the shared fantasy. And so I get stuck in the love-bombing and grooming phase with a lot of sex. Remember that the grooming and love-bombing phase includes loads of sex. Because the sex is a way to lure the woman to convince her of the quality of her future sex life to tell her that I'm normal. Which is counterfactual. Not true. So during the love-bombing and grooming phase I'm super sexual. I'm actually somatic during this phase. But if I'm stuck, if the woman doesn't allow me to transition to the shared fantasy because every morning I wake up and I don't know if she's going to be in my life or not, she's going to abandon me or not, I'm stuck in the love-bombing and grooming phase. And this may explain why narcissists find borderlines, borderline women and histrionic women irresistible. Because these women force the narcissists to remain stuck in the grooming and love-bombing phase. They force the narcissists to have sex actually. And when a narcissist comes across a borderline and a histrionic narcissist is going to be an extended period of thrills, of excitement, of arousal, of risk, of an adventure. The narcissist is when he teams up with a borderline and a histrionic ends up in an eternal loop of grooming, love-bombing, honeymoon, grooming, love-bombing, honeymoon, honeymoon approach, avoidance, threat of abandonment, I'm with you, I'm not with you, I'm cheating on you, I'm back and back to you etc. And he loves it. He's an adrenaline jump but he is much more likely to end up having a stable sexless shared fantasy with a co-dependent or with a healthier woman. Because the borderline and the histrionic don't allow him to transition into a shared fantasy. Sooner or later he gets tired of all this mess and he looks for a woman with whom he can establish a shared fantasy. Okay, so you remember that when there's a risk of abandonment I suddenly become a man, I become a macho, I demand social exclusivity, I impose rules and boundaries and regulations, I forbid my woman from dating or from even meeting other men and in most cases by this stage my newfound assertiveness, my newfound virility and masculinity pushes the woman to either abandon me altogether or to ignore me disdainfully and aggressively. Why is that? Why doesn't she accept my new role as a man? First of all, she got used to life as a virtual single. She loves it. She loves to be a single. She loves to pick up many bars. She loves to have love affairs. It's exciting. It's forbidden. It's colorful. It's adrenaline. The chase, the conquest, the love, the infatuation, limerence. So she doesn't want to give it up. Who are you, she says? For ten years, or five years, or two years you haven't been a man.  You pushed me towards other men. Now you want to reclaim me? No. 2 The sexlessness. The absence of masculinity. The absence of virility. The absence of a man. The infantilization. The childish behavior of the narcissist. The emotional absenteeism of the narcissist. And the dormant acceptance of the woman's cheating and betrayal. Well, I have a surprise for you. The woman loses all respect for me. She says to herself, it's not a man.  He's an infantile.   He's emotionally absent.  I'm wiping my cheating.  He witnesses my cheating. He witnesses my betrayal. And he never ever protests. He never reclaims me. He's a dormant. He's a carpet. He's a nobody. He's a nothing. How can I respect someone like that? He's not only not a man. He has no spine. He has no principles. He has no boundaries. Over the years, my intimate partners develop profound disrespect for me. Even I would say, she holds me in utter contempt. And she resents me. She's furious at me. She feels deceived. She feels fooled.   It makes her feel inadequate. Because how could she have chosen such a man? How could she have ended up with such a man? A dormant. A man who doesn't protect his so-called property. Who doesn't enforce boundaries. Who is open to any misbehavior and misconduct. Who is sexless, gender neutral. Infantile. Retarded. Absent. How did she fall for this?  So there's a lot of self-castigation, self-criticism. And she blames me for that. By now, my woman is likely to have developed a sex aversion.   Literally, I mean, it's puke. Her sex aversion is extreme. And she finds me utterly repulsive. Lizard, anyone? A reptile. A reptile. She reacts to me as she would to a lizard. If she stays with me and one or two did, it is merely to enjoy material benefits. Or because she can find an alternative. She looks hard, but she can find an alternative. I'm a money maker. I'm a money maker and you know, an inducement. But at some point, some stage, she doesn't bother even to act.   It's all gone out of the window. And I can't cope with this. I can't cope with this loss. The woman is physically next to me. And they're all these memories and there's a shared fantasy which is a critical construct in maintaining my inner balance. My balance is precarious. My personality is chaotic and disorganized. My emotions are very threatening. And so I need outside input. That's the essence of narcissism. I need narcissistic supply and shared fantasy is a generator of narcissistic supply. The main role of shared fantasy is an engine of supply. It's a dynamo. It's a generator. It creates supply. So I need the supply. And now she's gone. Even if she is with me physically, she's definitely gone emotionally. And she cheats on a regular basis. She doesn't even hide it anymore. And her behavior becomes more and more egregious. It escalates because now she doesn't even pay heed or attention or allegiance to even the most basic rules of respecting another person. Narcissism. So she's utterly brazen. She's utterly relentless and callous, reckless. Doesn't give a, you know what, about me. But I can't take it. I have no alternative or because I need the shared fantasy. So I become increasingly more delusional. I try to fend off the menacing and harrowing realization that it is all over. And my only way to do this is by lying to myself, by deceiving myself, by becoming delusional. I cling to any shred of evidence to support the ongoing existence and potency of the shared fantasy. And I reject any evidence to the contrary. I develop what is called confirmation bias. I isolate myself in an echo chamber where only information that supports the shared fantasy enters. There's a filter and everything that challenges the shared fantasy its existence, its strength, its resilience, its longevity, anything that challenges the shared fantasy remains out. I can, I witness I witness my erstwhile intimate partners extreme misbehavior and misconduct. But I fend it off somehow. I reframe it somehow. I lie to myself. I deceive myself because I need the shared fantasy. But even this has a limited shelf life. An expiry date. At some point there is actual or imminent abandonment. And it usually involves other men. At some point my intimate partner falls in love with another man or sees better prospects for creating a family or just having life-long companionship with another man. And it's a man. His advantage over me.  I'm rich, he's poor. I'm intelligent, he's not. I'm better looking, he's ugly. I'm an abuser, he's an abuser. Never mind how inferior the man is to me. He has one prevailing overwhelming advantage over me. He's a man. I'm not. I can't compete with this. So sooner or later my women, my intimate partners find a man. And there's imminent or actual abandonment. At that point I develop severe romantic jealousy. Dread of loss. Abundant anxiety. This is what you're describing. When you're describing your narcissist and how he's all over you and wants to prevent you from hitting other men, establishes strict rules, makes your life hell, suspects you of cheating, etc. etc. This is because he fears abandonment. He fears impending doom, impending loss of the shared fantasy. This is the shared fantasy. Transition to a phase called bargaining. Some women withdraw. Some of them cheat. Others don't. But they withdraw. They abandon the shared fantasy. They exit. And then ultimately they find an alternative. And they simply leave. They pack their things and leave. But some women still struggle on. They try somehow to resuscitate and maintain the shared fantasy. Transition to a phase called bargaining. And in the bargaining phase the woman makes demands. She says, I want you to stop doing this and I want you to start doing this.  I want you to assume other responsibilities. I want us to have a family. I don't know. I want us to buy a home. I want you to have a steady job. I want you to stop drinking. She makes a list of demands. 95 physies of Martin Luther. And she pins it on the narcissist's forehead. And so in the bargaining phase I relentlessly push the woman to cheat on me ostentatiously, conspicuously overtly even to humiliate me in public in the process. Why do I do that? I wanted to do this. To do that. I brainwashed her. I brainwashed her into doing this. Very often I introduce her to men knowing full well she will end up sleeping with them. Many of these men are my friends and colleagues. Why do I do this? I do this because I want to break up. I want her gun.  A nuisance. She makes demands. She threatens. She bargains. She hackles.  I don't need this. I don't want this. I didn't bargain for this. I want her gun. And I want to feel justified that I got rid of her. I want to be able to shift the blame to her. I want to say she broke up with me. She made it happen. She misbehaved. She cheated on me. I want to shift the blame. I have something called a low plastic defense. I need to blame others for my failures, for my defeats, for my misbehavior. For everything bad that's happening to me, I need to blame others. The government, people, the CIA, my deceased mother-in-law, my wife, my neighbour, my colleague, my partner. I need to blame other people. This is called a low plastic defense. If... The woman presents a list of demands. If I were to accept these demands, ostensibly we can continue the shared fantasy. So I feel bad that I can't accept these demands. I know it's not okay not to accept these demands. So instead I push her to misbehave. If she misbehaved, I have an alibi. Why did I break up with her? Not because she presented demands. No way to read. Had she just presented demands? I would have contemplated them. No, she misbehaved. She cheated on me, the being. So I dumped her. I dumped her. She had a sense of regaining control. And it's... It allows me... When I shift the blame to her for the breakup, it allows me to disguise an internal modification with an external one. Because the outcome is modification. Any exit from a shared fantasy in whichever route using... Under whichever circumstances, any dissolution of the shared fantasy created by me. The shared fantasy is dead. I go through modification because it's a failure of the false self. I'm angry at the false self. I'm estranged from the false self. The false self can no longer protect me. So I say... I divorce the false self.  And I'm left like a turtle without a shell, defenseless, skinless. So I go through modification. But at least if the reason and the cause for the breakup was her misconduct, her misbehavior, if I can blame her for what had happened, if she should feel guilty and I should feel blameless and shameless, then at least I can swap. I can exchange. I can transform. Shapeshift. My internal modification with an external one. Now my internal modification is I misbehaved. I abused her. I gave her what she needed. I didn't act as a man. That's internal modification. It's very uncomfortable. I prefer the external modification.  She misbehaved. She's a bad apple. She's a bad character. She's a borderline. She's horrible. She's this. She. That's external modification. Okay. All this mess is part of something called in psychology, belief persistence. To explain to you what is belief persistence, I'm going to read to you a pretty lengthy segment from a book as had become our tradition by now. The book is called The Enigma of Reason. It's written by Hugo Mercier, M-E-R-C-I-E-R and Dan Sperber S-P-E-R-B-E-R S-P-E-R-B-E-R S-P-E-R-B-E-R I need meaning. Listen well to the segment from the book. France's infamous Dreyfus Affair of 1894 was the trial of a young Jewish military captain named Alfred Dreyfus for treason. It became a scandalous example of prejudice and miscarry justice in that the charges were based on falsified documents throughout France. An expert in criminal investigations, Alphonse Bertillon was asked to determine if Dreyfus' handwriting matched the handwriting on a treasonous letter known thereafter as the Bordero. Though it clearly did not match, Bertillon concocted an elaborate explanation of how the difference in handwriting actually proved the guilt of Dreyfus. Since Bertillon argued, Dreyfus had intentionally obfuscated, falsified his handwriting. A year later, further investigation uncovered a real spy, Ferdinand Estahasi whose handwriting did match the handwriting on the treasonous Bordero. But in a retrial, Bertillon, the expert, was undeterred and the Dreyfus guilty verdict was upheld. In 1899, so long after the original trial, in another retrial, Bertillon went further in a 10-hour deposition. The more Bertillon defended his original conclusion, the more incapable Bertillon became of accepting the obvious explanation, the handwriting on the treasonous document simply did not belong to Dreyfus but to Estahasi. Among psychologists, that phenomenon, the use of reasoning to defend pre-existing beliefs, especially when one has previously defended these beliefs. This is known as belief persistence. In 1899, the original guilty verdict is scorched while is held in Reyn. Bertillon, again, is one of the expert witnesses. His task has become more difficult as he must now prove that the Bordero is not an undisguised note left by the sloppy spy Estahasi but the carefully designed product of Dreyfus' devious mind. Bertillon is up to the task. Apotheosis of Bertillon's system, the deposition runs more than 50 pages of dense text plus pictures, plus exhibits. He went wide. Of that Bordero, Bertillon peruses every word, measures every letter, photographs every wrinkle. Bertillon sees patterns everywhere. When the thirteenth line of the Bordero is superimposed on the thirtieth line, three letters are a line, when the word intere is taken out and repeated and the two copies put end-to-end, they measure 12.5 mm, a unit size on military maps. Even more damning, a standard subdivision of this unit, 1.25 mm is found everywhere in the world. Length of the T's it's a mess. Bertillon's opinion is a mess. Let me quote one sentence. Length of the T's cross three units of 125 mm. Length of the acute accent width of the circumflex 1.5 mm in the height of the final T4 etc., a coincidence impossible, the Bordero utterly unreadable opinion. The Bordero must be the work of a master craftsman who used several templates and a military issue ruler to create one of the most complex forgeries of modern times according to Bertillon. Such considerations can leave no place for doubt. This is a ten hours of deposition ten hours of analysis of graphology, analysis of handwriting. Bertillon gives a forceful conclusion, by now I hope it's clear to you that Bertillon is a narcissist, yes? He gives a forceful conclusion in the set of observations and concordances that form my demonstration. There is no place for doubt and it is made strong by a certainty both theoretical and material of responsibility born of such an absolute conviction. I affirm with all my soul today as in 1894 under oath that the Bordero is the work of the accused. I am done. It is it is hard to tell how impressed the court is with Bertillon's arguments. In any case, the judges find driver's guilty of treason once again although with mitigating circumstances. This nonsensical verdict reflects more the need to uphold the status core than the merits or lack of merits of the case. Driver's innocence is plain for everyone to see. Refusing to wait for yet another new trial that may never happen driver's consent to be pardoned by President Loubet on September 19th, 1899 at the course of accepting the guilty verdict. Driver's will have to wait seven more years for his final rehabilitation being reinstated to his former rank in the army. Bertillon offers a fascinating study in the use of reasoning to defend pre-existing beliefs. He seems to have been truly convinced by his own arguments. When three experts were tasked with evaluating his system they found an incomprehensible jumble. Today we would call it word salad. Incomprehensible jumble totally devoid of scientific value whose absurdity was so blatant that one is hard to explain the length of its exposition. Yet these experts also concluded that the very naivete with which Bertillon unveiled the secrets of his system would lead one to believe in his good faith. It would be easy to regard Bertillon as a madman or a narcissist. Many of his contemporaries did but that would overlook his otherwise successful professional career. How he rose through the ranks and devised new ways to catch criminals. Hardly what you would expect of a lunatic. Unless we feel too smug every aspect of Bertillon's thinking has been reproduced in the laboratory showing how reasoning can lead everyone on the wrong track. These experiments have replicated on a smaller scale fortunately the mental processes occurring in Bertillon's mind. Unambiguously they point to reasoning as the culprit. When Bertillon mentions the perfect comprehensiveness with which he embraced all the facts he exhibits clear symptoms of overconfidence. According to the intellectualist approach reasoning is supposed to make us doubt our own beliefs especially when they rest on foundations as shaky as Bertillon's. How can reasoning lead to overconfidence instead? Well, this is what the book deals with the enigma of reason and belief persistence. These are crucial points in narcissism together with the Daning Kruger effect. And we will discuss cognitive deficits and so on in one of our next videos and you can take that as a threat.