So this is a session something I've been playing with for a little while to say the very least and It's another mapping tool basically, but it's mapping and analysis. So it enables us to look at a situation and figure out what's going on and and then also Look at the possible places we can intervene and make changes So there's three main parts of this session. I'm going to talk about functional flows so it's about how do things move through your system energy and resources and the functionality of those things that are happening along the way and I'll relate that to a lot of Familiar things that we might see on a permaculture site But it's so it's basically going down below the level of what we normally see and trying to understand the kind of the engine Underneath the vehicle if that makes sense. We'll relate those to the different forms in nature spirals and Cellular structures and so on And then we'll finish off by basically looking at how that relates to creating resilient designs. Okay so so the first question and Apparently a philosophical question that rages a little bit is this idea of do we live in a world of objects or of processes and So I've chosen a picture from one of my favorite films anyone do this film Probably not it's quite an indie film. It's called primer any idea what the film's about Two blokes are in it. Yeah, these are the two main blokes in the film But essentially you can't tell the whole picture in fact It's difficult to even show the content of a whole movie in two minutes of film time, isn't it with a trade list They're trying to communicate to you what's going on, but it essentially we need to The difference between a world of objects and processes is how much time we spend observing So if we just glance at things on the way by we just see a snapshot in time of those things You can't tell what's going on in this film just by looking at that You need to see a whole series of things you need to sit down and take time and that's the need for protracted observation so So there's a quote from a lovely book that Steph Steph and guy I sent me recently and said you really want to read this book and I agree with him And I highly recommend it. It's called seeing nature and One of the quotes that fell out for me when I was reading it was this one I sit and as my mind quietly explores the view a rigid world of objects Merges into a flowing world of change oops And of course if we only see things for a snapshot in time We we don't have a sense of really what we're looking at so this is a fairly unfamiliar thing Some of you may know what this is any ideas it's called a thorn bug and It looks like a thorn it basically puppets camouflages to be on branches and look like it belongs to the Thing itself. So how can we know any anything about this? So we need again, we need to study it for a period of time Interesting these these are the eggs and these are the adult But until we studied it we have no idea what it does and how it interacts where its relationships are within the world so coming back to this idea of processes processes are fed by Flows of energy and resources. I am a an ongoing process. I have metabolism I do things and I'm fed by multiple flows air and water and nutrients and so on But the thing that drives everything is this idea of the climate the climatic flows that are driven by planetary movements and so on so we experienced the seasons and day and night and The different heating of the planets at different places creates a wind and that drives movement of water and rain and so on All of these things vary. I Doubt that anyone lives in a climate where it rains Exactly the same all the time unless you come from Bergen as I understand it on the west coast of Norway, so So how does nature deal with that one nature? builds resilience by Seeking out new flows so when one flow diminishes Either you're stuck where you are if you're a tree you basically go dormant What a bear might do Well, yes, they hibernate or you might be storing some stocks or you might just go and find some other flow somewhere else So birds migrate to go and find another source of food and and this might look familiar So permaculture takes on board those principles and says, okay, how do we connect things together and how do we? look at Designing our environment is from a systemic perspective So if we think about what are these flows? There are some familiar words up there perhaps So we have Plumatic flows things like wind and the Sun and water flows and so on these are all you know We talk about sectors. We talk about slope and how things flow on slope We have animals in the landscape. So desire lines so badges dear things that come into your garden slugs perhaps And sectors so you might have a wildlife sector in where the wildlife comes into your space And we talk about zoning. That's all about how people and particularly ourselves move around on the site and make use of the space And we also look at things like leaks in the system Wherever the leaks and that's things flowing that flowing away That might be a loss of water or soil or nutrients or perhaps people that might be part of your project Where are they leaking to and and then we talk about stocks as well So nature creates stocks to accommodate these changes and flows So where are the stocks? Well climate stocks are microclimates. It's where the cold air accumulates Temporarily at the bottom of the slope because it's coming in more quickly than it's leaving And so that cold air creates a frost pocket because it pulls more heat out of the landscape in that place Or hot the heat of the Sun accumulating in a rock again, so it's being stored creating this microclimates Flora and fauna, so it's basically plants and animals and so on That's how nature accumulates stocks of energy and resources and water and soil and somewhere We look at all of these things So if we think what is the spiral of erosion? Are people familiar with this idea of the spiral of erosion where each time you go round Things get worse What is this all about what are these things if we're cutting trees what's happening we're getting less trees, yeah So stock diminishing stock diminishing stock diminishing stock diminishing This is to do with flow And so on and so forth. So it's this is a flow and stock diagram the same as Same as this strangely enough anyone know this Permaculture chicken.  What's the point of this? Yeah, so to connect things together. That's what it's about. Isn't it so if we need to know what the chicken needs we need to know where to put the chicken in relationship to the things that it needs and Also, what's it produced? How can we put it in relationship to other things that need what the chicken produces? It's so this is just a short section of a flow that travels All over the place flows flows keep on moving and we just happen to be in a little part of that But they come to me and they pass on they go somewhere else and in permaculture What we try and do is to hang on to those flows and circulate them a bit So if you've anyone read a systems thinking book perhaps thinking in systems. Yeah Deniala Meadows thinking in systems very well highly recommend it And but one of the simple tools that you see in these books is this idea of a stock and flow diagram So you have a particular thing that could be how much would you've got in your woodshed or how many chickens or It could be how much How much stuff you want in your house and? Things come in to that stock and things leave that stock they pass through and in this particular book she Provides clouds because those things come from somewhere and they go to somewhere and in permaculture We try and give a lot of attention to these things. Where is that thing that I'm using coming from and What happens to it when I finish with it? Okay, because actually that is the same cloud as this It looks like a different thing, but it's all the same thing. So anything it goes through just comes back around again This is a very simplified version of the truth because if I'm If I've got a bath and I say I want to fill it with rain water The rain well a little bit of that rain falls into the bath, but most of it misses. So how do I get the? The water into the bath. Oops. Okay, so We think about in the general water in the landscape the water shed How does the flow get into the stocks? We've got some precipitation here. So this over here. There's snow coming down And so what's what's a glacier in terms of flows and stocks? It's a stock, isn't it? Yeah, it's a very important stock because for the people that live down here They want a slowly released food water supply. Yes, if you live on glacial melt water You're relying on that water you get precipitation at certain times of year And you need much of that to be held and not just to rush off because you want that release slowly If it all just came straight down the mountain those people probably couldn't live there Yes, I would say so we'll get to that shortly because I'm yes look at different kinds of flows and stocks Whereas this obviously moves much more quickly. So liquid rain that falls on the landscape travels through the landscape more quickly some of it percolates into the ground and Some of it flows off on the surface If you're familiar with blanket bogs anyone living near a blanket bog like the Pennines and so on They're effectively another kind of glacier They're designed to hold large amounts of rainfall and release it slowly and if you degrade those landscapes That water comes down very quickly and it causes all kinds of problems down here with flooding because the flow off is too fast So the rain should fill the the stock of water in the blanket bog and then release that slowly So if we're looking at what's going on here, so there's a stock here. There's flows Yeah, but the this doesn't get straight into here There's a process. There are a bunch of other elements in between that intervene and focus it collect it and focus it and so on so we have our flow this could be a rainwater and We collect it with something that could be literally a physical landscape. It could be the roof of your house It's then focused towards the storage. So For this lake this accumulates water because the landscape is Directing the water towards that lake and it's accumulating there faster than it's out flowing We often have some kind of process so this might just be percolation to the soil is cleaning water That's something we might do with a if we're collecting water off a roof Off a roof through a guttering system Maybe you have a filter to clean that water before it goes into your water, but what could be a lake? And then in human systems we have controls. So that's the tap that either you turn off and on or sometimes it's a slow release in order to Modify this flow here. So this is more of an even flow than this one coming in. This is very variable And we're wanting this perhaps to be more regular Not so much, but more spread out of time And we'll also need some kind of very often a distribution system So that might be the pipe work into your garden or it might be the river and the river delta and so on Spreading out that water so that life can make use of that and these different elements can be used in different places They don't necessarily always go in this order, but it's quite a common situation So if we were to consider yes house and garden We have The pumping station for the water company delivers water through a pipe And we have a tap on that so we can turn on the tap It's Important to remember that they also have a tap And whilst it might seem quite common to do that just go and turn on the tap and the water comes out And we take that for granted Actually, they could turn a tap if they turn their tap off, then our tap is completely irrelevant And so this appears to be a reliable system, but it's not very resilient because Ultimately if they turn it off because we don't pay our bills or they don't have enough water to go around or the they go bust or Something or the pipe bursts Then where is our resilience? We've got the other water supply we have at the moment is rainfall, which is irregular So So we do what they do they've the reason they have a regular supply here is that they have a stock But it's right over here somewhere and it's way away from where we live usually and it's out of our control We have no management over that and it's shared very widely so to create some extra resilience We build in a stock into our system, which might be as simple as a water bath within our garden But we don't always have the space for the water capacity that we need to collect water off the roof So we might then go down a level and say where else can we store water? Where is the water needed while in our garden? Certainly the water is mostly needed by plants and the associated soil life that lives in relationship to them, so What we can do is look at the soil and say can the soil hold more water? Can we increase the soil holding capacity and that's usually by adding more organic matter, okay, so and if you Increase the soil holding capacity then you don't need as much water in backup because the soil doesn't dry out so much Okay, so it's working at a different scale instead of working at the whole garden. You're working down at the level of soil so Where are the functional flow elements in here? So we have what's this? That's the collector. Yes And where's the focusing? The guttering. Yeah What about any processing going on there? There's a water filter. Yeah, so the water filter This is a kind of one of those filters that basically takes off the first water Which is usually dirty and then you empty that out and drain it so then the clean water goes in here and then the storage is over here, yes and And then you have a distribution system here as well that then takes it elsewhere and if we were to look at this idea of Storage so you have different words that we hear about in System thinking so the store is the place that you keep it in so in this case It's the water tank or it's the larder in your house and The capacity of that store is how big it is how much can you fit in there? And then you have what's called the stock. So the stock is how much you have at any one time? So the stock is how much water there is in here or how much food you have in your larder okay, and that varies that goes up and down and If it's not easily visible if you're just got a big tank and you can't see into it Then it's you don't really know where that stock is until it runs out or it overflows Your larder perhaps you have more direct Relationship with because you go in there and you look around What can I eat today? Right, we're on to more of that because we've got nothing else left And then there is this idea of a buffer. So the buffer is how much you need to get through a period of shortage so How long how much time? Do you experience where it's not raining so you might say six weeks worth of water to water the garden? Because we could possibly expect that it won't rain for six weeks That might be Not on Dart more But in certain parts of East England there may even be months where you don't have any rain So you need to work out how much water you need to get you through that period And you need the capacity of your store to be able to meet that if the Capacity of your storage is less than the buffer then at some point you're going to run out and that's where resilience is a problem Because that's usually when everybody else runs out as well So if we look at these different parts of this thing they will have different properties So a flow has direction. It's going a particular way in three dimensions, of course It has speed of velocity And there's a certain quantity of that flow and we we're talking about not just the things that are carrying the flows like the wind and the water but also the things that they carry like nutrients and or Elem is detritus so winds might blow leaves into your garden and there's some nutrients coming with that So there's quantity there's quality so water in particular might be particularly clean or it might be quite Contaminated, but it also we might be looking at some the apples coming off your tree and and so on and so forth and Then there's variability. So these things particularly the speed and quality might vary over time depending on Different things that are going on in the landscape. So those flows Then collectors so if you think roof landscape and so on these have a location. They're somewhere in three dimensions They have a certain surface area, which we can measure if you do a rainwater calculation You're measuring the service while you're measuring the surface area from above that the rain falls on to And it has some degree of efficiency. So if you're doing rainwater calculation, you're looking at what's called the runoff coefficient so metal roofs most efficient because they water runs often quite readily whereas things like that screws and flat roofs and Green roofs with lots of soil hold a lot more water. They're designed to hold more water and slow it down Or at least in if you're trying to reduce flooding then they're a particularly good thing to do but you'll get more evaporation and you'll get less collection and Landscapes are the same. So the different kinds of soil you have if you live in the South Downs With all the chalk a lot of the water just goes straight into the ground and it won't run off the surface and then we have Focuses and distributors. I've put them in together simply because they're the same thing in opposite directions But they also have direction. They're focusing your flow in a particular direction They have a certain capacity. There's a point at which they might overflow So a river system Has moments when it overflows its banks and that's part of nature's way of moving nutrients and distributing But there's capacity there There's efficiency again in the system because if you're moving something from one place to another there's Leakiness there you can lose some of those things and the electricity grid is particularly Iffy in this department because the further you move electricity At a given voltage the more you lose of it And I think something like 40% of all the power generated is lost before it even gets to our homes And there's also a delay in the system so things go in at one end and it takes time for them to come out the other end And sometimes those things are invisible But there's certainly a slowing down of there's a delay in Noticing that effect over here because of this Thing in between and we might look at that as some kind of friction as well that's slowing down And also worth saying that things like collectors and focus is also change All the have the potential to change the properties of flows so they can change their direction They can change the speed they can lose some of them. They can change the quality of that those things as well So storage is that's your larder or your water tank or whatever They have location again. They are somewhere and we have to again think 3d because If you're wanting to collect rainwater you'll collect the needs to be above your water tank But if you bring it too far down then you lose the potential to then Use the difference in height between your water tank and for instance your garden They have capacity that's how much you can put in them They can fill an empty at a particular rate so that might cause losses overflows in your gutters and so on They can be leaky And they also different things Have different abilities to kind of look after the things inside them So and that can be to do with shape as well But if we think about seeds and different seeds keep for different times, that's usually to do with size but also a Wooden water that might Have a different effect on a plastic water that the water inside for instance And Then the things inside the stocks themselves have quantity. There's so we can measure those things They have quality That's also measurable But they also have a rate of degradation so that could be the apples you put in your store Degraded at a particular rate or the water that you have in your water, but gets mosquitoes Larvae and it's at a certain rate and so on And we can again play with these things And then processes are these things that just go in between to match things up So if we've got two things that don't connect together because of a particular reason We might have to put a process in between that might be a simply a matter of cleaning So it might be a cleaning process. It might be a cooling process for instance Processes can change the properties of flows Quality and so on and so forth or completely transform them if you're cooking if you're baking a cake You're doing a process. You're turning those What one particular energy form material into another? It might also be about increasing the longevity of stocks or making them easier to store. So in the body the body turns The sugars that we eat The liver turns me to glycogen and we have fat stores fat stores are more concentrated But they take longer to re metabolize to produce energy But and you know bees will collect nectar and pollen and so on and They'll make honey in order to increase the longevity of that stock for themselves So and yes over here And then the controls which we can think of like taps and plugs and so on They manage the levels in the stock of the stock Either by slowing down or completely stopping and allowing periodic flows But they can also be leaky so we might lose Then you might have a dripping tap and so on so an example of how we start looking at this so the collector is the roof It's placed in three dimensions. It has a given surface area. We can work out We can look at the runoff coefficient to the roof the different materials So for a tin roof like this one, it's about 85 percent of that water that falls onto the roof You'll be able to collect that We have some storages so the two storages here one is for the cold water Which is immediately collected off the tank. This is a solar hot water system by the way And its placement is quite close to the roof because if we have that on the ground level Then we can't take advantage of a drop between here and the next elements. Okay, so that's high up That's the cold water which just literally fills into this hot tank here And the hot tank is only ever emptied When we turn on the control to let the water out, that's the tap So there's an insulated hot tank here both of these are storages. They both have location and relative location They both have a capacity and so on and so forth and Degree of preservation in this case is to do with heat in this one Because so you're insulating it to try and keep that heat in and the heat comes from the collector Which is down here that also has location It's down below physically below this because we want to make use of thermo siphon effect. So that's we're working with the laws of physics all of the time and So it's something warmed up. It has more energy It becomes less dense and that less dense material rises whether we're talking about air or water So your warm water starts to rise in the panel and we want it to go into the tank So we have to put the tank above so it can rise into the tank and it replaces the cold water And then so the cold water is relatively more dense So at the cold water in the bottom this tank then comes back down into the panel because that that wants to fall It's more dense and you get this circulation as long as the pipes are big enough about 22 mil You'll get a thermo siphon effect and you won't need a pump And that's all because we've thought about where we put these things in relation to each other Okay, so we've got control any other elements in here functional elements yes, so There's this pipe system here, so there's another tank here at the same height So these basically work together so you can fill that one up When you're getting a lot of rain, but then you can also empty this one across back to here And then the main water sources over here Stacked behind the building Okay, so I'm going to give you a little exercise to do I like you to work in twos or threes. I think I've probably got enough for there. So if you want to Okay, so how was that what kind of systems were you thinking of? Complex systems any specific ones? Bodies, okay, that's interesting. Yeah water to a tree. Okay. That's good. Yeah Composting excellent any other nice. There's a bit of a theme there So Yes, yeah, excellent. Okay, so so how do we use this in design? That's was three of this Well, we start with what our human needs Ultimately, we need to know what is it that we need that's what we're designing for and permaculture originally was very much about meeting our physical needs of Food and water and Hopefully clean air and so light and so on but how do we meet those needs that are perhaps less reliable than just being able to breathe in Fresh air and so on for energy and such like So here we have permaculture human inputs and outputs and we need to make sure we don't confuse a strategy for a need This is a particularly thick interesting. It is the same as not confusing a function with an element So I want to go play tennis. I don't play tennis, but just as an example. I feel I need to play tennis I don't need to play tennis, but I might have a need for exercise. I might have a need for fresh air and connecting with somebody else The adrenaline of movement and so on so the tennis is the strategy the need is the exercise and so on so when we're talking about Elements, we tend to be actually we talk about elements, but actually we're trying to look for ways of meeting particular needs meeting functions and We have this kind of Maslow's hierarchy which was evolved into elder furs existence relatedness growth triangle and And we've always to begin with focused on this existence How do we meet any to food and water and these are very much energy nutrient flows that are moving through the landscape that life basically captures I have various nets of my body. So this is a particularly good one. It's very well evolved to pick fruit Which is one way of my body harvests nutrients and Then then puts it down the tube and then it goes into this squealy thing With lots of crenellation, which is a good way of absorbing, but there's lots of bacteria in there That's the cellular pattern and so on that's all part of the collection focusing and so on But also we've got flows at other levels as well and and So the eight forms of currency and capital people familiar with this these and Roland I was looking at this last night and thinking where does electricity fit is that an entirely different thing because it I wouldn't really call it Carbon nitrogen water, I mean you might say a tree and a stock of wood in your log shed might be considered to be Well dead lived formerly living capital Is it material but then electricity is energy flow, isn't it? It's a difference. So anyway, let's not get lost in that but there may be more than this and And again, this capital is a stock currency is a flow So we tend to we've always focused to begin with on this idea of kind of the living systems But it's you know, there are many flows that come through our landscape So some of the questions we might ask and I'll always do this They don't need to write these down because I will be sharing this But what kind of flows are entering your system? How are they circulating around? Maybe you might be thinking about could they circulate better and what what flows are leaving? And we're thinking about climatic flows like wind and rain and sun But also biological flows are animals and insects, you know pollinators flow through the landscape and we might want to direct them Techno-industrial is the stuff that we make, you know plastics and oil and all of those kind of things that We make or we process in order to change it from its natural form And then what quantity, quality, velocity, direction and variability, that's all the properties of course that these things have and variability and Our need to determine is how much storage we need Basically, how often do we run out is the question And then we can look at the catchments and how efficient are they? This is Tamara and this lake that Seth Holtzer was involved in organizing the lake Which used to look like that and now looks like that Was filled entirely with rainwater and he just looked at the landscape and said that's the catchment All this water is flowing down here And if we put something in the way, we can keep a stock of that water and hold it and that's how these lakes were created And are the catchments connected to the stocks? We once did a water audit on a PDC and we identified that the roof was The roof and the the storage containers the water butts and so on were perfectly matched apart from the fact that they weren't connected So we're very nice roof and round roofs very nice they're quite difficult to put a gutter on and And this roof as well is quite low efficiency in terms of runoff anyway Because a lot of this water will soak into the soil the plants will re-evaporate that water And then over here we've got multiple stocks In fact the landmatters where this is taken there are many many more tanks now than they used to be Because they've realized over time that they needed to increase the capacity of that storage But by having multiple tanks they reduced the risk of any losses. I came across a project in Malta when I was teaching there and Because one of his colleagues one of the people he knew had lost half their water overnight 60,000 litres of water so they have to store six months of water for the summer He lost 60,000 litres of water because one of the people that come to help had left the the irrigation taps on Overnight so peppy in his system He had a solar pump that pumped one cubic meter to the highest point on the land And if the pipe if the tap was left on if the control was left open Then they could only lose at most one cubic meter of water. Okay, so multiplying your stores gives you redundancy So processes so here's a sand filter of cleaning water before it goes into a tank or a gray water Cooling tank if you like so the gray water comes out hot the the kitchen sink goes through a little basic filter Which has a lot of edge. That's a net Obviously and and then you've got the cellular pattern That's to do with cooling taking the heat out of the water and then as the next flush comes through it Replaces this is then nicely cooled that can go into the garden So and that's a process that allows you to connect your gray water from your kitchen sink Through a filter into your garden and make use of it, but you have to cool it down So in order to identify if we're going to the root of resilience It's one of the key vulnerabilities that we have and for most of us It's food because so many people live in this kind of situation with all this potential and no food growing And then they go to Tescos and Tescos is in charge of a lot of food and a lot of preservation But their stock is a very long way away from most of us. Okay, and we don't have access to that So it's much more resilient to look at that and say what is what does our design need to focus on how? How much of those things can we bring more into our local environment and not everyone has a garden? But we can put more energy into our community and maybe community growing and so on and so forth But identifying our key vulnerabilities Helps us to identify what's the most important thing that we need to be looking at in our system So for me the challenge we've go saddened me is that in order to identify goals We need to know where we are we need to know what we need What's our key vulnerabilities which comes back to looking at the landscape? Where are we? What do we not have and? In order to then come back to setting some goals And I think often we go into we go in with goals because we've already done some surveying We say I want to do this thing, but I've lived here for six years. So I already know the place I've already done the surveying so in a sense there's a kind of a goals goals comes from an initial survey that then Allows us to go back out and do some more surveying to some degree.  It's it's kind of epitomizes Maybe kind of a I don't know that we're in control and will conquer nature as opposed to going out and saying What is it that the land can do? Well, it's a tool that's a tool to play with Yes, that's right. It's it's there's nothing wrong with having a goal I'm just say that you have to do some you have to do some surveying before you can identify what your goals are essentially So when we're looking at flows What we what we're trying to do is direct those flows. So this is a nice bit of Thermal mass in a building the kind of bound this on the internet But what's nice about it is that it's you want to direct the flow in so we're wanting to capture a certain amount of sun This is got a nice overhang. So you didn't get too much in the summer and more in the winter months And we're storing it in our thermal mass. So here's our flow is a store of heat but we also remember that stores have Stores release their flow as well. We want that flow to go where we want it, which is into the house We don't want the heat that we stored in here to just go into the earth So there's an insulator here to make sure that the outflow goes back where we want it. So it makes sense so we having a store if your storage is emptying in the wrong direction then actually Rather than just increase your store You can say let's direct that outflow where we want it, and that's a different way of approaching it So you might not need more stone or concrete You might just need to insulate it in the right place in order to allow that heat to flow in the right direction You can have changed the laws of physics so Bill mollison on a very short little video on YouTube which is the secret of a good design or something and Says your job as a designer is to maximize the storage is if you're good at that, then you're a good designer So I would the only word I would question is maximize because if you over engineer things You're putting in a lot of material into things that perhaps Then require more maintenance and you don't actually need all of that you don't need to dig a massive dam in your garden but we do need to think about the size of our stocks and I love this particular little thing here. It's I was having a conversation with Joe Barker the other day and she was talking about the Architecture students she worked with and that she was teaching them solar passive design And they were still wanting to orientate them away from the Sun because they were saying the Sun makes the buildings too hot but In Britain, it's like complaining that don't give me a pint of beer. I've only got a shot glass You need a bigger glass. You don't need less beer We don't So a greenhouse is another lovely example Greenhouses get very hot in the day when the Sun comes out and cold at night because they don't have on the whole enough thermal mass We need some more stock. We need to increase their Storage of that flow. We don't need to reduce the flow. You need a bigger glass. You need a bigger thermal mass It's looking at the wrong way around. It's basically saying hey, don't give me all that money because I can't spend it today so So just a tiny little reframing of things into principles So what principles are these collecting beneficial flows into stocks? What are we doing there? What principle is that? Catch and store energy. Absolutely. Yes. What about protecting against damaging flows like the wind and so on? Yeah, could be into observing interact. It's also to do with micro climates and things creating micro climates Find best placements for elements putting things in the right place Relative location. Yes Well done collect it connecting elements together into systems What's that all about putting things together? Integrate rather than segregate create beneficial relationships. Yes Working at multiple Holon levels. So that's so Holon is a different scale. See I've given it away now, haven't I? different scale so my garden is one Holon and I'm a smaller Holon within my garden system or a smaller Holon within this system here It's a systems thinking term. Yeah, then Alameda uses it a lot and essentially Holon's live inside other Holons So they're things that are hole in themselves like my heart is a Holon because it's a collection of heart cells working together in training to pump together And it can be seen as an entity in itself But it's part of a bigger entity in the same way that I'm part of a bigger entity Many different levels. So it's just looking at different levels at which we can interact and we could say working on the self working on the house and garden is the next one out and then there's my Locality that might be transition and there's a bio region then we've got national and so on and they're all different scales At which we can work out and then creating redundancy. This one is about having multiple things Multiple elements for each important function. So you have multiple Tanks or multiple storages of food or whatever it is and connecting to multiple flows if you can So you're not highly reliant on one thing that may may disappear So there is a book And that's the screenshot of the book as you can see it's some way away. So I'm just saying some time in 2018 um So how you might use this We were sat in here yesterday I'll just be another minute or two and talking about the diploma system and The people that were leaving the diploma system So hopefully that's none of you But the people that were leaving the diploma system and just kind of dropping out and how do we address that problem? We were discussing about you know, how people come into the diploma So we've got people do pdcs and then they kind of get focused in so the pdc is a collector of diploma apprentices or future apprentices focused in by literature and so on People may be doing a session on the diploma on the pdc So they're focused in there's a filter there So reasons why people may or may not do it. So it might be to do with the cost people might go It's too expensive or actually it's really cheap and I I really want to do it The perceived benefits of doing that drives people through to The first control which is you've got to pay and fill in your form and register And then you go into the system And then this the system is the stock of apprentices. That's all of us or all of you Because I'm over here now doing the apprentice doing the diploma and at different stages And and then at some point you come out the other end. Hopefully You're credit. So that's the assessment that says yes off you go and You become a member of the College of Diplomats And some of whom are tutors And so all of us sat in the room yesterday were in this little group here But along the way not everyone goes there some of us some leak out of the system and so And the problem is the observation. So in a sense, there's a kind of a box here And there's little portholes that we can see into Which are the points at which we have tutorials or come to convergencies and we start, you know Have conversations and how are you doing and so on? But the points at which people get lost are the places in between where we can't see that going on so And obviously there's a point where other things are more important than this and so there's a leakage And we're over here just trying to understand People that do this but none of us have done that So it's kind of difficult. So then we're saying actually We can't make that decision. We need to talk to people that are doing this I don't understand what is it Indeed and how we can support And that any one of you is a potential person that might do that Rather than do that except for Peter who's finished and great and so on. So So it's just So this really is just a way of mapping the system But then to start to look at the end say, okay, this is what's going on What are the different elements within the system? Where is the focus and the filters and the distributive distribution and so on and How can we change the properties of some of those things to help? So in a sense what we want to do here is keep this flow moving through here So it can come out the other side, but There's just one example of using the tool Well, it's to do with this kind of keeping the flow moving Yeah, they will be Indeed, yes No Yes, which is why As tutors we we can't be the only people trying to keep that flow moving because we only have certain interactions Whereas you have many more interactions perhaps with each other and Guilds, absolutely. Yeah, so we've run out of time obviously Um, I pretty much kept to the hour. I think given the time I had but Um, I'd like to offer if there's enough interest to do to come back here after dinner this evening And we've got the whiteboard and we can start to play with some other ideas How this applies in other situations so you could bring your design ideas and things maybe you're stuck with and we could maybe map them out and So it would be much more interactive So roughly just give a rough idea who might be interested in that just to see if it's worth setting that up Okay, so I'll I'll book the room out and um, we'll be here at 7 30 Excellent. Thank you. Yeah


رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله she said yeah رسول الله we bear the children of the men of our husbands we take care of raising them we look after them when our husbands go for the fight the battlefield we take care of the children yet it is our husbands who fight in the way of Allah do jihad في سبيل الله they get killed they get martyred and they get these higher ranks how is that fair so the women of madina have requested me to come and speak to you رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله looked at them and he said at his companions he said have you seen a woman so outspoken like her they said no يا رسول الله she's very outspoken the prophet صلى الله عليه واله looked at her and said go back to the women and tell them رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله says that the work you are doing is not any less than what the men are doing in the battlefields and your reward is not any less than what the men are gaining in the battlefields islam recognizes there are some differences physiological differences maybe psychological differences and therefore islam gives different legislation for example with regards to jihad fighting in the battlefield that is not imposed and mandatory upon women but it is imposed upon men just because men are the ones who go and fight in the battlefield that does not make them any better than the woman that's the reality and here is the حديث of رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله looking at this affirming this with regards to the political matter الله سبحانه وتعالى refers to مؤمنات in سورة الممتحنا يا أيها النبي إذا جاءك المؤمنات to you بايعنك على لا يشكن بالله شيئا when the female believers come to pledge their allegiance to you that's a political matter they're pledging the allegiance to رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله and there are some conditions that the quran lists tell them that they should look after الله fear الله and so on so forth there are some conditions six conditions listed in the ayah the last ayah of سورة الممتحنا on the day of غدير when when رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله introduced امير المؤمنين or announced that امام عليه صلى الله عليه is his official successor من كنت مولا فهذا علي مولا the muslims came and pledged their allegiance to امير المؤمنين صلى الله عليه عليه then the women had to come how did they pledge their allegiance just like they pledge their allegiance to رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله how did the women pledge their allegiance to the prophet صلى الله عليه واله the prophet brought a big bucket of water filled it with water he put his hand on one end the women came and put their hand on the other end of the bucket and that was their pledge of allegiance to رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله and that's how they pledged their allegiance to امير المؤمنين صلى الله عليه so they are practicing they are participating in the political process so until this day and age islam does not stop women from participating in the political process اسلام from the women from voting their economic values their social values a woman comes to رسول الله صلى الله عليه واله and she says يا رسول الله my husband has rejected me المجادلة سورة المجادلة he did ضحار he basically said you are haram to me like my mother is haram to me the prophet صلى الله عليه واله ordered the man to come and he immediately dealt with the situation so the prophet صلى الله عليه واله dealt with the matter the ayat of the quran المسلمين والمسلمات والمؤمنين والمؤمنات to the end of the ayat الله addresses male and female believers therefore from the quranic context from the history صلى الله عليه واله and امير المؤمنين عليهم السلام they guaranteed the rights of women and they accepted their testimony a lady by the name of suda bint عمارة الهمدانية she was from the city of hamdan in yemen when muawiyah became the khalifa the people of hamdan were very close allies to imam ali عليه السلام very close supporters they supported him especially they were next to him when muawiyah came he poured his wrath against them he seized all their land muawiyah poured his wrath against anyone who supported imam ali عليه السلام in madina for example he tripled the taxes so you can buy rice in madina the cost of rice although there wasn't rice but kamh wheat and barley القامح in madina was tripled the price than the kamh in sham tripled the price he tried to impoverish them so he fought against anyone because the people of madina الأنصار most of them were with imam عليه عليه السلام most of them so he poured his wrath against all those who supported kufa he poured his wrath on them he put زياد ابن أبيه as their governor madina he poured his رأس on them he increased their taxes impoverished them hamdan yemen he seized their lands so he poured his wrath his anger against them why did they support ali ابن أبيه طالب he seized the lands from the people of hamdan so suda this lady a lady gets up travels all the way from yemen to sham comes to see muawiyah she enters muawiyah looks at her says suda what brings you here weren't you the one standing next to ali ابن أبيه طالب on the day of syphine reciting verses of poetry to encourage his army to fight against me and my army she says yes and if time were to go back i would do exactly the same thing i did but unfortunately ali سلام الله عليه is gone times have changed and put you in power ya muawiyah she says what brings you here he said what brings you here she says you have seized my land and the land of the people of hamdan i am here to reclaim that land give us back the land he says what you have come to ask me to give you the land back get back get out and if you don't leave right now i am going to force that they put you on a camel with no respect and no dignity and be taken all the way back to hamdan in a disgraceful manner suda at that point cried and she recited a couple verses of poetry she recited two verses of poetry where she said that with the death of this great man justice was also buried when he was buried justice was buried with him she was among the first to say that justice was buried with ali yubnu abi talib she was among the first muawiyah when he heard her he said suda who are you referring to is it ali yubnu abi talib she said who else who other than ali yubnu abi talib she said i came to ali yubnu abi talib one day from yemen i came to kufa i arrived at masjid al kufa ali was about to start salat al jama'a when i called him i said يا امير المؤمنين he left he stopped he didn't start the salat he came he attended to me he said what would you like what do you want what's the problem she said يا امير المؤمنين the governor you have imposed on us you put us on us in yemen he is not treating us fairly she said when i told him this Imam Ali cried and he turned to Allah and said يا رب do not hold me responsible for what he's doing i ordered them to treat people with respect with fairness with justice this is not what i told them to do he's asking Allah for forgiveness then he took a piece of what we call today paper he had a piece of leather in his pocket he took it out and he wrote a letter on it like a piece of paper and a pen he wrote a letter on it where he said the minute that you receive this message of mine you are dismissed from your post and someone else is going to come and take over from you he closed the letter he gave it to me and he said سودة go back and take this letter to him he says that's how Ali ibn Abi Talib dealt with the situation and look at the difference between you and him i come to you and i tell you your governor in yemen is stealing our lands and you're telling me this is how i'm going to treat you and send you back this gracefully look at the difference between you and Ali ibn Abi Talib Ali ibn Abi Talib peace be upon him listened to me he gave me dignity respect and then Imam Ali went back to the salat you see Imam Ali peace be upon him did not tell her you're a woman what brings you here go back not at all with utmost dignity with utmost respect listens to her complaint answers deals with the situation and then sends her back when Muawiyah hear this he says okay سودة okay i'm going to give you your land back i'll give you your land he says to his writer he says right please make a note that سودة بنت عمار الهمدانية سودة بنت عمار الهمدانية she looks at him and he says Muawiyah i didn't come here just to claim my land i am here to claim everyone's land tell your writer to write all the lands are back he looked at her with anger قال لقد ألضمكم ابنه ابي طالب الجعه he says Ali ibn Abi Talib قلت لكم في such a manner that you can talk because he was so fair he was so just he would not punish you he would not harm you so you guys became outspoken she said Muawiyah right he turns to his writer he says okay خلص give her all the land she takes that land she takes that paper and she gets out that's سودة بنت عمار الهمدان that's one example this is how أهل البيت عليهم السلام this is how the prophet امير المؤمنين dealt with women in the political process in the financial process looking after the welfare of the women they came to Imam Ali عليه السلام they said there is a lady who is working she takes takes care of preparing the brides when they get married the brides she's the one who it's like today what we call the salon the hair salon back in those days she was the one he says لابس he says no problem what's wrong with that that's fine she can do that so when we talk about equal opportunities when we talk about and social matters and political matters and economic matters Islam is full of such examples


I was going to start with this incredible positive story out of Argentina. I mean, I had been cautiously optimistic about Millet from the beginning, and I was a little worried, I have to admit, early on because he seemed to be hiring for his cabinet, people who were more middle of the road than he was, less radical than he was. And I was worried about his willingness and ability, well, I'm still worried about ability, but his willingness to be radical and to do what was necessary to truly liberate the economy and society more broadly, again, given that he was hiring and putting in cabinet positions people who I do not think necessarily shared his radicalism. But he came, he gave a speech yesterday, and he listed his program for the next few days, which both executive orders and a legislative program, which was truly inspiring, and much better than anything I would have expected, particularly the speech itself, the economic program we'll see, and a lot of this has to be approved by parliament, which is not going to be easy. But the speech was fantastic. He basically blamed Argentina's problems on decades of collectivism. He used that name, he used that term, collectivism. Collectivism was at fault. And what was needed was more individualism, was more focused on the individual, liberty and freedom. I mean, this was one of the most philosophical talks I've ever seen a politician give. It was inspiring, and he was surrounded by, I guess, cabinet ministers. He was reading, the talk was obviously had been prepared in writing, so he wasn't his usual crazy all over the place yelling and throwing things chainsaw style. This was a very presidential, and the press doesn't know what to do with him. First of all, almost all the reports and the speech only deal with the changes in the economic policy. They don't talk about the content of the speech, the philosophical context of the speech or anything like that. The focus is exclusively on the program. They've stopped, interestingly enough, most of the media that I've seen, at least with regard to this, stopped comparing him to Trump and Bolsonaro, because clearly he's no Trump and Bolsonaro.  They're just calling him a libertarian, which is not what was happening when he was elected. It was the far-right, Trump-like candidate. So this is fantastic what he's doing, how he's presenting it is more important than actually what he's doing. He's presenting it as undoing of collectivist policies, decades worth of collectivist policies using that term. I love it. I love it. It's philosophical. It goes to the heart of it. It goes to the essence of it. He's not coming across as a crazy anarchist. He's working within the law. He's asked the Congress, the Argentinian parliament to come into emergency session to go over to approve the things that need approving. Some of this stuff is just going to be passed by executive order, where he has the authority to do it. He's not acting as an authoritarian. Now whether he can get it through Congress, we'll see. I think he has the momentum. So far, there's been one demonstration in the streets about him. He did pass a law that was criticized by, again, the mainstream media, that banned demonstrations that obstructed people's lives. So he banned demonstrations that obstructed traffic and obstructed the ability of regular Argentinians to live their lives. Media has been riddled with demonstrations when people have tried to do better things like Marci, six, seven years ago. So he's learned the lesson. He's banning it. We'll see if he can actually implement that ban and what it will take. So far, so good. Now some of the things he announced, he's talking about a modernization of labor legislation to facilitate the real creating of jobs. So getting rid of a lot of labor regulations. He's talking about deregulating the industries that like tourism, pharmaceuticals, wine production, and maybe most importantly, foreign trade. He's eliminating many of the barriers to export. Argentina plays barriers. Most countries place barriers for imports, Argentina barriers for export. All in the name of rebuilding the country and in a sense starting from scratch, getting rid of a lot of the rot that is accumulated over decades and decades. We'll see. People, the politicians in Argentina are already saying that deregulation decrees are unconstitutional. And that he has no power to repeal these laws, the ones that he's done for executive order. And again, he's going to face a real opposition in the parliament. But I think he has momentum. Again, they haven't been that many demonstrations. He won by a big margin in the election. The people in a sense have spoken. And it's great. I mean, this is part of the speech. He says, that doctrine that they call leftism, communism, fascism, or socialism. I love that he puts them all together, right? And that we call collectivism. I mean, just that is a revolution. So that doctrine that they call leftism, communism, fascism, or socialism, and that we call collectivism is a way of thinking that dilutes the individual in favor of the power of the state. It is based on the premise that the reason of the state is more important than the individual. That the individual must submit to the state. And that therefore citizens owe obedience to their representatives, the political cast. He said in the speech, they rejected the doctrine that politicians are God. Not only are they not God, but they are the cause of our problems. He said it was wrong that a, quote, group of bureaucrats can plan the lives of human beings. So the only reason I can read you this is that this is from the Buenos Aires Times, which has a long article in this that actually cites him. None of the US publications, most have ignored the speech. And those who did cite him, just a list of the programs he wants, just a list of the programs he wants, he also said, these are forms of which I have only mentioned 30 of the more than 300 included are some of those complemented in the decree. So seven laws will be struck down by decree, so eliminated, the laws will be eliminated. And that includes laws governing rental or private properties, i.e., rent control, and supply of items at supermarkets. I have no idea what that law is, but it's going away, which sounds fantastic. So yeah, I mean, super exciting details, we'll still find out, but here's some of the things. The decree is decreeing that all state-owned companies be prepared for privatization, authorize the shareholder control of the Argentinian Airlines to be partly or completely transferred to private parties. He's going to deregulate satellite internet services to allow SpaceX's Starlink to operate in Argentina. He's going to eliminate price controls and prepaid health care plans. He's going to eliminate the monopoly of tourism agencies to deregulate the sector, repeal the current rent law that limits price increases in a bit to normalize the real estate market, repeal the current land law that limits ownership of land by foreigners in a bit to promote investments. I mean, that's a shocker. He's actually going to allow foreigners to own land in Argentina. I mean, even in the US, that's controversial, right? He's going to scrap the current supply law that allows the government to set minimum and maximum prices and profit margins for goods and services of private companies. He's going to eliminate the economy ministry's price observatory to avoid the persecution of companies. I mean, anytime you have repeal, repeal, repeal, I love it. Imagine a US president coming in and saying, OK, here are the laws I'm going to repeal. Here are the laws I'm going to work with Congress to repeal, not Obamacare without offering anything or not even succeeding doing that. But imagine, I mean, this isn't Trump. This isn't Bolsonaro. This isn't anybody we are familiar with. I mean, maybe Thatcher at her best, but I didn't. And Thatcher, of course, actually, Thatcher made some pretty philosophical speeches. So Thatcher was good in the strike. But there's nobody in the US. And Thatcher wasn't as aggressive as this and wasn't as definitive, and this is just the first step, and this is just 30 of 300 that he plans to do. And yeah, I think it's really exciting, really, really revolutionary. This is not just a tinkering with the economy. This is not just mealy-mouthed, you know, a few changes here and there. This is this is real. This is real. So good for me. Lay. Good for Argentina. Pack your bags, guys. You might bags, guys. You might be moving to Argentina soon. Maybe that's where the future is. But yeah, I'm excited. I want to see what comes next and I want to see how it's implemented and I'm excited to go to Argentina and to experience some of this firsthand. I'm hoping that part of the South American trip is going to include in March, April, April, is going to include a visitor to Argentina.