Welcome. I welcome you all to this lecture in the course, Samasa in Panimian Grammar. And this is the first course on Samasa. We begin by reciting the Mangalacharana. Vishvesham satchidanandam vandeham yokhilan jagat charikarthi baribharti sanjariharti leelaya Vishvesham satchidanandam vandeham yokhilan jagat charikarthi baribharti sanjariharti leelaya So far we have been studying several key terms that are significant in the description of the process of compounding in Sanskrit as described by the Panimian Grammar. We have studied the theoretical base, the karaka theory and the samartha theory. We also studied the two types of samartha here, ekarthi bhava and vyapeksha. We also studied the interpretation of the word samartha, where one word means capable of and the other means the conveyor of the same meaning, samaha-arthaha. Then we also studied other basic terms like mitya samasa, anitya samasa, vikalpika samasa and so on. Now in this lecture, we study the steps in the process of compounding. So derivation of a samasa starts from a sentence, the input is a sentence or a vakya and its output is the nominal root also known as prathipadika. So the beginning point of the derivation of a samasa is a vakya and the end point of the derivation of a samasa is the prathipadika. The questions are what happens before and what happens in between and the most important question is how is this governed by rules? Are there any principles? Are there any rules with the help of which these derivations happen? These are the important questions and paninian grammatical tradition has some concrete answers to these questions. So what happens before? So before there is a cognitive stage and in accordance with the description of the process of speech production as described in the paninian grammar right from the paninian shiksha onwards, the speaker collects the meanings which are stored in the artha kasha as independent and separate items and the speaker collects these independent separate items in a merged manner or in the integrated way. Then the speaker selects words from the artha kasha in correspondence with the artha kasha and these words selected from the shabda kasha, they express these integrated or merged meanings and this is the beginning and then the next process starts as described in the paninian shiksha. These are the sources from paninian shiksha and these are explained in detail in the other course called introduction to paninian grammar. So the next question is when does it start? When does the process of compounding start? So if we have this as a meaning, king's man goes to kashi. So the speaker has collected these meanings in his artha kasha, king's man goes to kashi. Now the speaker also intends to merge the meanings king's man and if that is the intention, the speaker also marks the words in the sentence expressing these meanings and then converts them into the technical elements and this is the beginning of the process of compounding. Now this is also recorded as a rule by panini in the astadhyay. The rule is shasti, astadhyay 2.2.8. This sutra means a word ending in sixth sub triplet is compounded with the other interrelated word ending in a sub triplet, any of the sub triplets. Now this is the rule based support provided by panini in this particular process. So if you have radnyak purushaha and then shasti is the sutra which says that since these two words radnyaha and purushaha are semantically related, they are samarthas and so they can be merged together and the compound can be formed. So shasti is the sutra that governs this particular process of compounding and it triggers the process of compounding. Then we have radnyaha and purushaha selected for the process of compounding from the respective sentence. From radnyaha and purushaha which are the two fathers having nas and su as the sup suffixes, we then note these suffixes down. So radnyaha and purushaha, this is the sentential context and now we are taking the sentential context as the input but we will have to remove this sentential context partially and that is the reason why we then remove nas and su but that we shall describe in a while. When we write radnyaha and purushaha as rajan plus nas plus purushah plus su in this particular format, this is called a laukika vigraha. This is called a laukika vigraha as against these words which form the laukika vigraha. By laukika vigraha means this resolution is part of the actual sentence which is actually used by the speaker in the daily communication and it is these words which are part of the sentence which can convey and which do convey the same meaning as the compound rajapurusha conveys. So radnyaha purushaha is the laukika vigraha used by the people who communicate. When we convert it into the technical terms like rajan plus nas plus purushah plus su, this is not what a common man recognizes as a valid sentence which is very true. Rajan plus nas is a technical representation of radnyaha. Purushah plus su is the technical representation of purushaha. However, we need to convert radnyaha purushaha into rajan plus nas and purushah plus su for the next process if we have to explain the process of compounding consistently. Now this laukika vigraha contains the square brackets. So obviously we have rajan plus nas, one powder, so there are square brackets over here. Purushah plus su, this is another powder and so there are these square brackets and there are other covering square brackets indicating that these are now going to be the input of the process of compounding. Now the laukika vigraha is a dissolution which is not used in the usage by speakers. This corresponds however with the dissolution that is used by speakers. So rajan plus and purushah su are nothing but radnyaha and purushaha respectively. It is extremely important to note here that conversion of the laukika vigraha into this a laukika vigraha is by default considered to be the beginning of the process of deriving a compound. This is where compound processes processing starts until the final output is generated after the process is over. So brackets are put right here. So the suffixes that are added if at all at the end of the compound they are called samasanta suffixes, they also get added over here because this is where the samasa begins. In the present case however there is no such suffix that is added by the speaker. After this, this bracket is termed pratipadika. So samasa is termed as pratipadika by the sutra krta dhita samasascha 1, 2, 46 in the ashtadhyayi. Once the technical term samasa is assigned and the term pratipadika is assigned then the order of the words is determined, the sequence of the word. Which word occupies the initial position in the compound is important and which one occupies the second position or the final position in the compound is extremely important. This is recorded in the rules 2.2.30 on words up to 2.2.38. This is a small section that deals with this particular point. So the order of the words gets determined. The word in the initial position of the compound is termed urvapada and the word in the final position of the compound is termed as uttara vada. In the present case, rajannas purushasu, this is the order and this is determined by the mention of shashti in the prathama bhakti which we shall study later on. So now rajan plus ghas is occupying the initial position and so this is the purvapada and purusha plus su is occupying the final position. So it is termed as uttara vada. Then comes a very, very important stage and in this stage the sups in both the purvapada and the uttara vada are deleted. It is these sups which are the sentential markers so to speak. It is they which link the prathipadikas with the other elements of the sentence. It is these sups which make the prathipadika samartha and it is these sups which are the backbone of the sentential structure and precisely them that we remove by v means the paninian system removes. So the next step is rajan plus zero plus purusha plus zero. Both ghas and su are deleted by 2471 and then we get rajan and purusha. The next operation is the operations that take place on the purvapada in the environment of the uttara vada. These are stated in 6.3 of the ashtadhyayi with the adhikara uttara vada which means immediately before uttara vada there are certain operations that take place on the purvapada. Now no such operation is stated in the present case. So we still have rajan plus purusha. Then we have operations that occur at the end of the process of compounding of the nature of operations which are based on phonological features akin to sandhi rules. In this case 827 nalopap prathipadika antasya applies which deletes the final n in rajan and so we get rajan plus purusha. Finally we join them together and we get rajapurusha. So rajapurusha we get finally as one compounded word and this one compounded word denotes one compounded meaning as well namely king's man. And in this compound purusha acts as the head of the compound to be linked with other words in the sentence and to do several other functions of the head. After merging the meaning as well as the word form the accent of separate words is also merged and we get rajapurusha with the final r being termed as udattas by the sutras samasasya 6.223 and then rajapurusha with the final r udattas is the finally derived compound output and this is the end of the derivation of a compound. The compound is ready to be used in the sentence. Since rajapurusha is a prathipadika by krta dhita samasascha 1-2-46 relevantsup is added to it. Since it is acting as the karthru of the action of going which is denoted by the verbal root gamma and since the suffix t is denoting karthru or agent rajapurusha is identical with this particular karthru so rajapurusha is added with the first triplet of the sups namely prathama-vibhakti and we get rajapurusha plus su plus gamma plus t and then rajapurusha and gachchati and then rajapurusha gachchati and finally we get rajapurusha gachchati as a sentence. We started with rajnapurusha gachchati with three words. Now we did the compounding process and we compounded the words rajnaha and purushaha and we got the output rajapurusha or rajapurusho as one word, one unit and so now we have the sentence having only two words however the meaning is same the king's man goes rajnapurusha gachchati and rajapurusha gachchati so there are two expressions to convey this one particular meaning of the sentence rajnapurusha gachchati and rajapurusha gachchati to take a recap of the stages of derivation described in this particular lecture we can say that at the cognitive stage in the artha kasha there is sangraha there is collection of meanings as one unit meanings which are merged, meanings which are integrated and that is the reason why there is sangraha of the meanings that takes place then there is selection of the corresponding shabdas in the shabda kasha and once this is done the alaokika vigraha starts and it is alaokika vigraha from where the samasa saudhnya is assigned so from alaokika vigraha the derivation of the process of compounding begins first we do the purva pada nair dharana first we determine which of the pada is going to occupy the initial position in the compound and consequently which other pada is going to occupy the final position in the compound and the other positions in the compound if there are multiple constituents if there are more than two constituents then we add the samasanthu pratyaya at this particular stage samasanthu pratyaya is a pratyaya is a suffix which is added at the end of the samasa which is the final part of the samasa once this is done the sub-look takes place which is very very crucial in a way we are removing the sentential context what this means is that the sentential context is the backbone is the bed on which this edifice of the compound is standing tall so in the process of compounding the soup gets deleted but even though it is deleted formally it does remain there in the form of the meaning because meaning is very much there and that is the reason why the pratyapadika of this kind is also termed as pada and that is the reason why we can apply 827 nalopa pratyapadika antasya which has a condition that pratyapadika should be a pada and that is what happens when you do the sub-look so rajan is a pratyapadika but it is in this context also a pada just the soup is deleted but that does not mean that there is no subanta so this is subanta just the formal context is being erased for the smooth arrival of the output so sub-look is extremely important after the sub-look is done there are some purvapada karyas which are done purvapada karyas are the operations that take place on the initial member of the compound then we have varna karya some phonological operations also known as the sandhi karyas and also known as some other karyas which happen only at the end followed by the svara karyas similarly the operations of the form of the accent this is how the compound gets derived starting from the cognitive stage and coming up to the svara karyas the accent operations and then we say that now the samas output is ready to be used in the sentence to summarize the derivation process of the compound begins at the cognitive stage and actually ends in the cognitive stage only the process described in the grammar states the processes that happen at the cognitive level sub-look in this case is very significant the sub is very much there as part of the process of compounding and that is the reason why in order to explain a particular compound a speaker can explain the compound in terms of the sentence using the sups properly and in adequate manner so these processes which are described in grammar namely the sub-look etc they are the processes that happen at the cognitive level of the speaker as well as the listener and that is the reason why any listener or hearer can definitely assume and understand the meaning of a particular compound in the form of a sentence so one speaker may ask another one the explanation in the form of a sentence of the compound if one is not able to understand the meaning based on the context one may also confirm the meaning that is already comprehended by asking the other person the explanation in terms of the sentences the processes that we do on paper or we do digitally they are nothing but the representation of all these cognitive processes actually when we say that the Purva Padda operations happen these operations do not happen haphazardly they happen in the cognitive stage where the entire word gets replaced by the modified word and so on and by default all these processes are followed and there are exceptions like for example the sub-look process which is so significant and so basic in the process of compounding there are some exceptions that means that there are examples of compounds where the sub-look does not happen such compounds are generally known as aluk samasas and we shall deal with them as and when those examples occur and we shall explain them but the point to be noted is that these are the exceptions and Panini has described them in a small section in 6.3 starting with aluk the first sutra in 6.3 is aluk uttara pade and aluk continues from 6.3 1 up to 25 and these are the sutras which tell you where the look does not happen so by default the processes that are described here they are followed however there are some exceptions we will refer to these texts and we have referred to these texts in this particular course these are all the traditional sources and now we shall deal with the other basic principles other terms and processes in the process of compounding in the coming lectures thank you for your patience


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Hello, I'm your moderator Preston James, and I would like to welcome you to today's global innovation through science and technology or just Tech Connect Africa, conversation on best practices for growing your venture. Today we have viewers from Africa and around the world to discuss entrepreneurship challenges. We will answer some of your questions about the unique challenges and opportunities for technology venture development in Africa. The Just Initiative is funded by the U.S. Department of State and implemented by the University of Texas at Austin's IC Square Institute. Just empowers young innovators through networking, skills building, mentoring, and access to financing through its various programs. Today we are delighted to host a live web chat connecting you with three exciting African entrepreneurs. Since its inception, Tech Connects have reached tens of thousands of viewers from more than 75 countries around the globe and discussed topics important to science and technology entrepreneurs. We look forward to a continued partnership between the State Department, IC Square, and our many Just partners. You can learn more about our programs and partners at our website, justnetwork.org. Please use the hashtag JustTechConnect when tweeting about the event today. We are collecting your questions to ask our panelists, so please start sending us questions now throughout the program by typing in the chat space beside the video. I would like to thank those of you hosting viewing parties and encourage you to submit your questions in live photos early. I would now like to introduce you to our panel of experts. From Zimbabwe, we have Andrew Bright Chacomba, managing consultant at Jim Witt's Enterprises, a green solutions company he founded and has cultivated since 2012. Andrew has a special interest and expertise in solar projects to benefit communities in Zimbabwe. From Nigeria, we have Cynthia Ndubuyisi, CEO of Kadarsh Production Company, KPC for sure, a social venture aimed at improving cassava production efficiency for local women farmers in Nigeria. And from Benin, we have Marlise Marcho, founder and president of Femtick Dev, where she supports women and girls by equipping them to become important actors in technology ecosystem. Welcome to you all. As we wait for your questions to come in, I'd like to start off by asking each of our panelists a question. Cynthia, let's start with you. Thank you. How did you get started and how long has it taken you to get to this point where you are at today? Okay. Thank you very much, Prism, for the question. Before I answer the how, I would like to start with the why, because basically it's all boys and it's a why to redo what we do. So early in my high school days, I had the opportunity to leave it my own to a cassava farmer and she was actually the one providing for the family and paying her children's trophies. And the process of producing this cassava and producing it into consumable products where she could sell was quite the tedious process for her. So I experienced the challenges she went through and it was the same for lots of women and farmers. Because Nigeria is the world's largest producer of cassava and lots of these women contribute basically to the production output. So I began to figure out and think, how can we make this people's life better? How can we improve their way of doing things so as to help them support your family? But because I didn't have any experience and I was a young girl, I didn't have, I didn't know how to set up a processing plant, I had no experience, but I really loved entrepreneurship. So while in school, I started my own small business, making, it's now called Chin Chin, I was selling to my friends, gradually, and then I learned how to make a dishwasher liquid soap and it was growing and with time after I graduated, I was able to set up my own production factory, had the brand called Everglow. And I haven't got support from the government and but after two years, the business actually failed because I actually didn't get so much experience or expat too. I didn't do my work well and I kept on spending money, but I later realized that it was okay because I learned a lot and then that was the time I realized this is the time I need to set up my processing plant. I need to do what I've always wanted to do. So I did some studies, wrote business plan, I engaged with a mentor, a wonderful mentor I had called Gary Mastru, who dedicated his time to helping me build my business and I pitched my first business, my business idea to Gistec Eye, where I got a grant of $10,000 to start my business. And then I got a grant from $25,000 from USADF Yali to scale up the business and met with partners and all that and that's how it's been going for me. So I actually started small with nothing to learn the experience of entrepreneurship and I tried scaling it and because I had a vision of what I wanted and tomorrow I believe so much that I want to build a process of me just like the dangute that could improve the economy of Africa and basically that's how I'm going to go about it. Excellent. Thank you. Cynthia, thanks for the insight and I think you called out some really great points about your vision and your persistence, your ability to fail and continue to move forward, which I think are really great and important points for all entrepreneurs. So thank you again for that insight. Angel, here's a question for you. What is the best way to attract funding and expand your startup in Africa? Thank you Preston for that question. Well, there are various factors besides just having a very good product or service. I think when you want funding, there has to be an issue of trust because you're in Africa, the investors are here in the United States or overseas. So basically you need to practice ethical business practices. Also, you need to tell your story. You need to spread the reach on what you're doing, whether it's via video or pitching or write up. You just need to get it out there so that people can see it. You can put it up on Kickstarter. You can find an angel investment online where you can actually put that up as well. Another thing is to put in the necessary systems, you need best practices, international standards. As long as you've got all of those things, systems, record keeping, you've got a track record. The last thing that I think people actually need, as much as we've got startups, we need to have a board of advisors. You might not be able to afford to pay like a board of directors, but just have a board of advisors, people you can look up to, people who are trustworthy, who can give you advice and give you that platform for you to do your business in a reputable way. I think that's more or less it. That's excellent. Excellent feedback. And I would actually just reiterate a couple of points that we've already uncovered already. We've heard mentorship is very key. Best practices, having advisors, having strong product, and then also building a very trustworthy business ethically sound business. So all of those, I just wanted to call out those key points with a very, very important for entrepreneurs to really kind of take away. So thank you again for that feedback. Well, Lisa, I have a good one for you. What role, and Cynthia alluded to this a little bit earlier, what role does failure play for successful entrepreneurs? Thank you, Mr. Pretzel. I think that failure is not a bad word for me. It's just a data point on the way of the success. It's helped to go back, to analyze, and to improve, to go forward. And I think that Cynthia said, soon, it's because she felt that she realized she learned from her failure. And she tried to elaborate her business model. And I can say that it's because she felt that she is where she is now. So for me, failure is a key point on the success of entrepreneurs. Thank you very much. And again, I call out, really encourage not to fear failure, embrace failure, because it's part of the growth and enabling entrepreneurs to become even more successful with their experiences and being able to analyze their past work. So we have another question for Andrew. What should you ask potential investors to ensure you're selecting the right ones? Well, that's a tricky one. I think besides the money issue, it's not all about the money. You want to find out how much commitment they've got to your business. What else are they bringing to the table, whether it's management expertise, whether it's mentorship, connections to a market for your product or service, those are things that you should also look at. Don't just look at the money. It's not all about the money. Fantastic. Thank you for that answer. I would like to add to that. Basically, I like the aspect of the expertise because it helps grow the business. It helps you, apart from money, investment is not all about money. But I also like to look for investors who has connection with your mission, your passion, and knows that it's OK. You might possibly fail along the way. And they are not going to eat you up for that. But they are there. And they are ready to be patient with you to ensure you grow steady. So you should look for people who are out for, who believe in your dream, who believe in you. Absolutely. And I think that's a fantastic insight for entrepreneurs that are out there is to look for partners and investors, those who are going to be there alongside, be able to provide value to you who are aligned to your goals, who have industry expertise, that can actually add value to you growing your business. And I think when you find that match, and it actually provides a formula for great success as opposed to just picking any folks and trying to pitch to them where there's no alignment. So great insight there. Marlise, I'm coming back to you. How important, I mean we just kind of touch base on this, how important is finding a mentor when it comes to growing your startup? And are there any resources to connect with mentors in Africa? Yeah, I think that it's very important to have a mentor. Because for me, a mentor is someone who has passed through in the past what you are doing now. So he had some experience that can help you to not fail, where he failed in the past. And that can help you to better succeed. So I think that it's very great to have a mentor. And a mentor in Africa, I think that there are a lot. The big thing to do is to know what you want. You must know what kind of mentor you need. And if you have to define clearly what kind of mentor you need, what will be the skills, the qualities, they can help you to better know who to approach and who can be your mentor. Absolutely, absolutely. Thank you for that insight. Yes, Cynthia, I'm sorry. There's a program called Micromental Organization. You can go to micromental.org. So this platform helps you register. You tell us, you explain what exactly you need, the expertise and all that. What's your challenge? So they connect you with mentors. They show you varieties of mentors all over African countries and even abroad. So you get to see their expertise and where they can help you. So you can send them a request. And then at times, the mentors are the one who connect to you and say, OK, I have this. I would like to help you with this. That was how I met one of my wonderful mentor, Gary Mastro. He sent me a request because I was looking for a particular expert. And he's a UPS Global Marketing Director. He's retired, though. And I was so happy because over time, I worked for him for two years. And presently, he was so excited I was coming to the US for us to get to meet. And every week, we committed time to talk. He's not from Africa, though. But he committed his time trying to be hard Skype calls. And then I could give him feedback. And it was the process I was ready to add hair to him. So first of all, you must be ready. And then when those people dedicate their time to you, they have a lot of things to do. So you should value it and make good use of it because it helps a lot. Excellent. Excellent. And one more time, if I may ask, what was the name of that resource so our viewers can write it down? OK, you can Google Micromental Organization or micromental.org. OK, thank you. And just to recapitulate, I think a very important point, and what Marlies mentioned, is you have to really know what you want and what you're looking for. Because oftentimes, that's going to be one of the first questions that mentors ask is, what are you trying to accomplish and what do you want in order to find a good fit? And if you don't know, it makes it more difficult to find that match. So great, great points there. So I have a question that can be answered by any of you. What are the unique challenges that women entrepreneurs face in Africa? And how have you overcome them? So I will start with the ladies first. And then Andrew, we'll chime in safely, safely. Cynthia, Marlies, OK. I think that the big challenge is access to funding. Because we are not a lot. There are very few women entrepreneurs. So they didn't do their proof. So people don't know. So it's very difficult to trust them. So I think that is the big challenge. And to overcome that, it's just to be more confident, to not look for funding at the beginning, but to try to elaborate something, to start small, to have a proof. If you can start small and maybe have at the beginning one client that you serve maybe at free or change, and after you succeed, that client can be your advertiser for other clients, and so on, you will build your brand. And people can get more confident. Because the problem is that at the beginning, most of the people think that you can do that. So if you start small, you try going, and you have a small, small success, I think that people can more trust you, and you can easily overcome that. Fantastic. OK. Thank you, Cynthia. I actually like the statement she made, starting small. And because I believe that people actually buy in you first before your product. Because when I started my first liquid soap, and I was trying to do the business, and my friends were like, wow, you're doing this. That's good. Let me try it. Because I've built a good relationship with them. They are not actually buying it, maybe because I started with a local bottle. It wasn't so beautiful. And then they see them talking to other people. Ah, see my friend, those that buy this, you understand? So they first of all buy in you. So you must first of all build your product first. And then good investors try to find out what input have you made. Because before they trust you to give you funding. So the women must understand that they need to start something. They need to build the quality stuff. They need to improve. And then before they can ask. But another challenge I've realized is the issue of balancing family and business. So because most women are attached to their committed, especially rural women, they committed to helping their children go to school. They sacrifice more. Before they can sacrifice their business for that. So they prefer doing the same thing over and over again, even if they are not making profits. But as long as it's feeding their family, taking their children to school, that's OK for them. And it's not growing the business. They are draining the business. And they don't have good understanding on how to manage that. So they need to engage with people to mentor them, to teach them, people women who have families but have grown their business. They need to learn how to handle the aspect of business and family and not to let it affect the business. Because you need the business to be sustainable so that you can also help your family. But you don't need to keep on draining from the business. So I think they need to realize that engage with fellow women mentors who can help you as well. And I think it's very key to your point is to be able to provide the support programs for the women. You talk about the mentorship, starting small, helping to build confidence. I know Marley, she do that for the young girls. And all of you do for the young and up and coming. And I think that's really, really, really key. We'll learn to build the sisterhood of African women to empower them to excel. And Andrew, I'm going to, a question just came in. So I'm going to go ahead and direct it to you. How do we promote bottom up entrepreneurship in emerging economies of Africa? OK, over the top of my head, I could say we need to just reach out and educate people. They need to know that you don't need millions of dollars to start a business. A lot of people wait to get all sorts of funding before they can actually start doing something. But I want to encourage young people that they need to start with what they have. And they need to be good curators of the small things they have, plow back, and grow their businesses. Yeah, excellent, excellent. And if I may add to that as well, something very similar in the US, and I'm sure it's in Africa and other entrepreneurship communities, is to be able to enable and empower the young people to feel like they can create, and to encourage them to build, find a problem, find a challenge that they see every day, and say, hey, I can find a solution to that. And it doesn't take millions of dollars to be able to do that. Just go and follow that passion. Use your God-given creativity and do it. And we help the responsibility to empower them. So thank you for that. A question for Cynthia that was submitted from the viewing group in Tunisia. So thank you for that. Can you tell us about the technology used in your startup? And what is the hardest part of your project venture? OK, talking about technology, my business actually has to do with the factory has to do with producing, processing cassava. So we have lots of, we have different kinds of processing machines that can take the process from the root crop to the finished product, either it's Gary or it's starch kind of floor for making starch. So that's just the technology aspect. And then we also engage in, we're working with one of an engineer who helps us consolidate this process. So you don't go from one batch to the other, because the process is quite tedious. And it needs a lot of expertise. So we are working on producing in a way that it just goes within a particular unit and comes out in a product that can be used to produce different types of varieties. So basically what's the second question? So the other part was, what is the toughest part of your project? OK, the project is trying to handle these farmers, trying to, because you don't want to mess up, because first we are rendering a service. And then when they bring it to us, you don't want to mess up their different units. And also we don't want to produce just small, too small this and that at the time, because it involves lots of diesel and all that. So what we do is to help them, we give them a particular target on what we can start with. So if they can bring those things in that large quantity to also that we can process at the same time. And as it's going out there from that unit, we are processing another one on. So we give them time when we can deliver it. So they don't have expedition that just come there and wait and wait. And the other part of it is trying to get our own brand and sending out to the market. It's been quite difficult because it doesn't take one day to push your product out in the market. You need time. So we have to be very patient, try to meet people, keep talking, just keep talking about your product, carry your product everywhere you go, be your brand. And that's it. So I would say, I think the last point you made, I think entrepreneurs struggle with that. I mean, if you have a great product, how do you build that brand? That brand is tough. And you've got to deliver. Everybody here is about the elevator pitch. But one thing that I did share is that you are the pitch every day.  And trying to get your product and your brand out there. So great point there. So we have a question now coming in from Albania. And so let me go ahead and ask that one. How open is Africa to foreigners for opening new ventures? That's open Andrew. That's a very simple question. And it's an excellent question. We are open for business. We're always looking for partnerships. We're always looking for new ideas, especially in the service industry where we're lacking some services. We are always looking for partnerships. So we are open for business. Africa is open for business. Yeah, we're ready. Anything? Everybody agrees? It's a fertile ground. Just try as much as possible to connect with the right people in the country that you want to start the business and learn how it operates in that business. Do your studies well. Do your research well. You don't want to get surprised through what is a fertile ground to produce. And I think my personal experience has been as you have visited to the US and I've encouraged those of you who have been here in the US that I know you're here to learn, but I also encourage you to educate us or educate foreigners about Africa. So they do understand Africa is open for business. But then again, how do we take that to the next level in terms of building relationships and networks where we can actually get engaged more effectively? So again, Africa is open for business. I love that. All right, so this question comes in from Guinea Kanakri. Do these, again, I'll open it up. Molly, I'll probably start with you on this. Do these best practices apply the same way as well for social entrepreneurs? So you have best practices for tech entrepreneurs. Do those same best practices apply to social entrepreneurs? Yeah, I can say their best practice is the same, but with some difference.  What is your plan? What is the plan you want to bridge? And it's based off that, that you can know what materials or how you can proceed to arrive. Absolutely, absolutely great. So talking about, it's talking about social entrepreneurs, right? Social entrepreneurs. So you have the tech entrepreneurs and you also have social entrepreneurs. There are some similarities in terms of how they do, but are the best practices for entrepreneurship, are they relatively the same for social entrepreneurs as they are for tech entrepreneurs? Okay, because basically what I do is social entrepreneur and the business just... So it's like, I understand that for a social entrepreneur, first, you have to put your mission, like what's goal, what is it that you're trying to... What impact are you trying to make? It's also, it's different for someone who is just an entrepreneur doing business to make profit and make money, because at times a social entrepreneur might not really make profit, so much profit along the way, but you are fulfilled when you're doing, making that impact. So the practice actually, it works for both. If you do it well, you do it rightly, but it always has to do with different goals. Both of them have different goals, but the practice following it goes almost the same way. Okay, great. Andrew, tell me about it. From my perspective, it's about sustainability. At the end of the day, they're both businesses, but you need to be able to sustain it. So if you run your social enterprise like a normal profit-making business, you've got best practices that are standard worldwide. You'll be able to prolong the life of the enterprise. So that's my perspective. Absolutely, absolutely. And I think there's a foundation of best practices that spans across both. I mean, they are businesses, and I know many social entrepreneurs are learning to run their social enterprises as a business, not necessarily profitable business, but to Andrew's point, a sustainable business. And so I think there are some best practices that definitely overlap with some slight differences and how you actually execute some of that perhaps. All right, so thank you all for that insight there. I have a viewer from Nigeria coming from the home country. How can entrepreneurs raise the quality of products they produce to attract foreign market interests and be globally competitive? Very good. Okay, I really like that question because it reminded me of what we did back at, started at Dartmouth College, where we were trained about design thinking. And it helped us understand how to build our product, starting from idea to a quality product. So first of all, you learn how to, it always reminds us of understanding the needs of the people. View it from the standpoint where you ask questions, why? Always ask the question, why? You interview your people, interview your customers, try to, you keep on asking them, why do they do this, why do they like this? Why do they, you keep asking why and then you'll find out what exactly they need because at times, and some of us are standing in a position where we are saying six and we believe our idea is perfect is best but at the other end, the customer is saying nine and there is nothing you can do to change what the customer is saying. So you have to go to the other end where the customer is saying nine to actually understand what he wants. So by the time you realize that, you'll be able to know the needs and know what kind of product you build to solve that need. And then when you want to build your product, you start by producing it, do a prototype in a small, do something small, like a lady who was trying to do a bamboo bicycle stuff and then somebody advice her, why not make a small bicycle with bamboo tree and take it to people and tell them, what do you think about this? So produce a small prototype of your product and give it to people to try. And they try and give you feedback. So from the feedback you get, you get to know the rights. If it's okay, is it color too much? Is it too big? What should I do? Keep asking questions. Every innovative business is growth from questions they ask, so they learn from their audience. So that's how you build a quality product. Very good, very good. You could also associate yourself to some standards organization, international standards organization. I know most of the times we manufacture things within our communities that we think are good enough. But they're good enough for the community and people are willing to take them because they've got no other options. But if you want to go international, you need to associate yourself with an international body so that you can have standards that are world class. So if it's solar, then power Africa or something like that. Yeah, so go for it. That was a good pitch, that was a good pitch. Thank you. In great points, I think Cynthia and Andrew both raised them in terms of being able to capture the needs, understanding the needs of the market and be able to build quality product for the market. And to best understand the market, you need to be engaged with customers all the time and you also need to understand the standards in which a quality product is defined. That's the baseline and then you want to build above that. Exactly, so great points by both of you. We have a question from Philip from Liberia who asks, having worked in post-conflict development initiatives in Liberia, how do I take this knowledge to start my own business to address these issues? So post-conflict Liberia, how do I take the knowledge that is learned from the post-conflict, the initiatives in Liberia and create my own business? Annie? Yeah, I think that to start any business, you need to know the needs of the community. You need to know who wants to buy your products and you need to be a good observer to ask the right question, to ask why, why am I doing that? Don't just limit yourself about what you want or your passion. But after you build your products, ask the question that if your product is the answer of the real needs of the community. So I think that if in Liberia, he finds a lot of problems and his product can bring a solution for that problem, it's okay. Thank you, thank you for that great insight on that. And I will add also, again, it goes back to what are the customer needs? What are the needs of not just your community, but what are the needs on a broader scale? And by defining what that need is and trying to solve the problem associated with that need, if there's not a product or a service that's there, then you be the one that you need to be passionate and get behind that and build that with the correct resources and support that we've been talking about during this session. So question from Twitter. Mafuja Parvin who asks what specific programs are available to help young science and technology entrepreneurs succeed? So if each of you can probably share some insights of some key programs that you participate in that are great for science, technology, entrepreneurs that would be great for Mafuja. Okay, so basically I participated in just tech eye competition. It's a yearly program that holds alongside the GAS, so it's open for science and technology entrepreneurs. So you must have something very innovative and that has a good impact on the society. So you can apply for it, it's every year and it goes wherever GAS go. So that's one of the programs. I haven't participated in any of these programs, the science and technology ones, but I know that the Yali network has a vast amount of resources that they can access and they're all free. All you have to do is join the Yali network. That's part of the Young African Leaders Initiative. Okay, great, great. To add water history, we have the Yali network and also we have Google and I think that today we have all needs. The real problem is to know what you want. If he can, I have to describe what he needs. He can find it, it's a bad relationship. Okay, fantastic, fantastic. And there are quite a few programs out there. I really would encourage to reach out, starting with the Just Tech Connect. It was a great place. The Yali Initiative, Young African Leadership Initiative is an awesome program that they've all participated in and I do know that University of Texas and then also the State Department has several programs throughout Africa as well. So something to really look in, do some research on for there as well. If I can put on that. There's a website called opportunitydesk.org, opportunitydesk.org. When you log in, you see varieties of opportunities you can. So if whatever you're looking for, you can find it there. Okay, fantastic. Thank you, Sadie. Okay, we have a question from your audience member in Pretoria, South Africa who wants to know, what government programs support technological innovation? So I think we just talked about the Just program. I mentioned University of Texas, IC Square has a program today, do on a regional basis throughout Africa and I believe they will be implementing a program either later this year or early next year. So University of Texas, IC Square, Just, Yali Youth African Leadership Initiative and one more, you mentioned? Okay. Go what you want and Google, yeah. That's a good idea. So a lot of programs out here. So let's go back to Tunisia for a question. How do you build your brand and grow activity in local markets? How do you build your brand and grow activity in local markets? So I remember when I said trying to do elite, starting from asking why, what's the people actually need to provide the solution that suits their needs? So when you do that, when you realize what solution you want to provide, then you start by building, it could be a service, it's more than be a product. But you start by asking people, testing it in a small way, what they think about it. When you ask, you improve on it, then you talk about it and okay, I remember a friend of mine who started a floor product and he was always taking it in the boot of his car, anywhere he goes. And anybody he meets, he gives them to try and gives them his contacts. And after they use it and they call him, he will send them to a local distributor to get an ask for that product or a retail shop. And by the time they go to that store once or twice, later he sends a sales team there because most times retail store and wholesalers, when you bring your products, they don't take it from you until they hear people start asking. So he actually used people to send them to a place, knowing fully well that his product is not there. So when he got there, they said that, we'll say, oh, some people have been asking for your product, bring it. So that's one strategy. So, but the other ways you can build in local markets, but keep, be your brand, like I said, keep talking about it, keep going out and doing something. Andrew, I know you have some insight. Yeah, I believe that you are your brand. Walk the talk. Another thing you have to do is tell your story, wherever you are, whatever you're doing, tell your story. People will get to know about you and what you do and try and use publicity more than marketing. You don't want to be always paying for people to know about what you do. So do something unique. Gorilla marketing is something that's coming up a lot. So yeah, get people talking about it. Get the hype out. So great points about telling your story. You are your brand.  And I think each one of you have a very differentiated product or how do you talk to people on a daily basis about how you are different and why you, right? Why you, so exactly, exactly. And to add to that, I think that to tell your story, you can start at home with friends because most of the time, if we are with friends, we try to talk about anything but not about our story. But it's very important to start talking your story with your friends. Keep talking and I think that it's a good starting, yeah. I think it's really critical because if your friends understand what you're trying to do, then it could easily resonate with everyone else. But if your friends don't get it, then you need to keep working on it, right? Keep working on it. All right, so we have a question from the embassy of Dhankar for Marlis. What opportunities in the education sector are there in Africa? That's the question number one. And then part two of the question is, is the rate of internet and mobile penetration rate helping? So I know this is one that's dear to your heart. That starts, yeah. So the first one is, what are the opportunities in the education sector in Africa? There are a lot of opportunities in the education sector. And I think that education is the basis of everything. And now we have, we know that technology is growing and it's helped a lot. And how, I miss.  I think that in Africa now we don't have a lot of, you know, that technology is growing and it's the most fast growing sector. And there are a lot of jobs in that field. And if I took the example of Africa, for instance, there are, we don't have, we have a lot of local language, but, and at the sector we have a lot of people, the population who don't be educated, they don't know anything about French, anything about English. So they can't use technology. And we need to develop apps who answer the rare needs, who is very specific, maybe, who are, apps who are developed in the local language. So it's, I think, a big market. And to develop apps, I think that we can ask for an American, for instance, to come to our country to develop apps in our local language. It will be you, us who are in the place, who know the local language, who know the needs of the population, who can be able to develop that kind of apps and so on. So I think that's, based on that, there are a lot of opportunity, we have a lot of markets, we need, yeah, we need a lot of people to come, to develop what the population needs. And I think that it will help to increase the use of internet. Today, yeah, the internet are growing, but very slowly because a lot of people can have access, the language barrier is a big issue. Yeah, yeah. So I think that if we can develop apps, very kind of. Yeah, and I'll just, you know, just sort of add on to that. Huge education opportunity. I've talked to so many of the African YALI participants. Education seems to be really on the forefront in terms of the difference maker, in terms of giving people great access to opportunities. Do you have a challenge though? I believe that the internet and mobile access is a challenge in many, many, many areas. And that needs to improve. So I know ICT is very, very important throughout Africa. So all set in tow, education, huge opportunity, internet mobile access, we need a lot more access to really improve access to better education and information in general, especially training in English and things of that sort. So, great. So this next question is, looks like it's for Andrew and it's from a viewer in your home country in Zimbabwe. In solving Africa's chronic energy problem, finding alternative renewable energy sources is important. What role do you think energy conservation can play to solve this problem? Thank you, Zimbabwe. Energy conservation is actually one of the biggest things that we should be looking at before we even try and look for new solutions. People say we need to develop all these technologies and do all sorts of things, but you don't know what you've got till it's gone. So the first thing is to save as much energy as possible, save your environment, take care of your fossil fuels and stuff like that because you're actually destroying your world. And before you know it, you actually have to produce twice as much energy just to cover up for that. So conservation of energy is a big thing. And also we're not expanding, unfortunately our energy resources are not expanding at the same rate at which we need energy and at which the population is increasing. So we need to balance that out somehow. So yeah, I think conserving energy is a big thing. It's a big deal. Turn off those geysers, switch off those lights. You know, the small things, the small things that can't, yeah. Absolutely, absolutely. Great, great points there. And we're gonna, I know we're coming close on time, so I'm gonna try to get to as many questions as I possibly can in the next few minutes. So we have a question from Yasa in Liberia. What role does failure play for successful entrepreneurs? And how do you know when it's time to stop working on a particular venture? That's a great question. We talked a little bit about the failure piece. We can just kind of touch base on that, but also when do you know when it's time to start working on a particular venture? Okay. So I had an experience with a mentor who said, a good entrepreneur knows how never to take no for an answer. But a smart entrepreneur knows when it's time to move forward. So, and then I, that was when I realized at the time when I was sitting in my dishwash business and I kept spending so much money, I kept losing. And I was putting so much effort into this. It's okay. At times some people who, there are some people who their breakthrough could be maybe in five years time. And then at the fourth and half year you give up. But there are reasons, there are things surrounding it that makes you know, okay, you need to change what you're doing well so that you just strategize. But there are some kind of business or some kind of things you're doing that you know is not just taking you there. You are making the mistakes and you actually don't have good knowledge in that area. I just started it because I loved the idea. I wasn't really saying the solution. I wasn't really saying the need I was providing. So that was when I realized that I'm not doing what I want. So, and so I realized it's time for me to do exactly what I wanted, what I have passion for, what I can sustain over time, stretch, even if there are still breakdowns sometimes. I know I can still cope with it and build my capacity over time. So at that point, you know, okay, you need to change something or it could be you love what you're doing but you're making some mistakes. Just find out what you're not doing well and correct them so you know how to move forward. I have a simple, I have a simple philosophy. Fail fast. Fail fast. Fail fast. Failure is just a process that you go to but you need to realize. So can you elaborate just very quickly for that viewer? What do you mean by fail fast? You need to realize as soon as possible that something is not working and you need to move on. Don't keep on holding onto it as much as you might have a passion for something. It might not necessarily be the right time. You can always come back at a later time and re-initiate that idea but realize that there are some boundaries that you might not be able to surpass at that particular time. So move on, go to the next thing, you can always come back. So you come back? Yeah. And I will also add to that the fail fast concept is really critical and I think we talked about a little bit also is when you're talking with family, right? Or this is where mentors and advisors become very, very helpful is as you're trying to build something and it's not necessarily gaining traction, the people who are your mentors and your advisors will should be guiding you and saying, hey, you know what? Either we need to pivot away from what we are doing and make some changes or we need to stop and start something completely different. So again, surrounding yourself with mentors and advisors and people around you who can give it to you straight and also understanding that, you know, this is not working and that fail fast concept holds very, very, very true. So thank you both for that insight. Next question, question for Marlise from Alaya at Espirit Tunis. What are the technical challenges facing startups in the IT field in Africa? So I know I have two people on this panel or the ICT experts. So Marlise, I'll let you start and then we have time, Andrew, chime in. I think that the fail challenge is infrastructure. We don't have a lot of infrastructure in Africa. If for instance, here in USA, you can easily develop apps if you need because you have all the maps in digital and you can easily use it. But in Africa is not the case. We need to breed all yourself. So I think the infrastructure is the big challenge and also another challenge is the language barriers. As I said, because most of the population don't understand English or maybe French. So the only language they understand is the local language. So we need to develop apps maybe in these local languages. And here. Thank you. Thank you. So two big challenges there. Andrew, you want to add to that? Well, in terms of infrastructure, I think there's not the fiber network all over Africa. So that's coming up. But the issue is more on affordability of accessing that infrastructure. The same goes to technology as in hardware. It's quite expensive right now as well, especially for Africa because we're not producing as much within Africa and we have to import most of our hardware. But I would encourage people to set up maker spaces, cooperative and collaborative spaces where they can actually share this hardware and it will allow them to work on their projects at a more affordable rate. I think we need to just promote collaboration within Africa. Yeah, that's very, very, very key. And I know Marlisa is working on that in her initiative where she's actually trained 200 women of one computer, which I think is pretty amazing. So in terms of building out the infrastructure that collaborative sharing environment that will go a long way.  So building that infrastructure, getting the support, education around language I think is really, really critical. So that answers the question. So this is our final question and it comes from the US Embassy in Wago-Dougal. How did you access the American market? What are the means and prerequisites to access the US market? Big smile, big smile. Cynthia, you wanna take that first shot? Okay, first of all, I don't have my product yet in the American market. But from the knowledge I've gotten so far, the American market is a big one and there are lots of competitors. So you know what you're going out for. So, and then another thing is you must be able to understand the standard of the American market, the quality of product they want from you before you can build something to match that. And the second step is to identify strategic partners in the United States that can help you with this product to come in here because if you're coming in from half of the African countries, you can't just do it as an individual. You must be able to go meet strategic partners in your home country that have been into that or you just have to have someone on ground and you can look for that how to get to people who can help you but there's just no way you can easily go individually on your own or possibly you can travel to the US and meet with people, try to identify, talk about your product, identify how to go about it, then from there you'll be able to figure it out. But I don't have my product yet, but I'm hoping to. It's coming, it's coming. And Andrew, one last one? I would say build your brand, build relationships and find a product champion for your product here. Just identify one person who can shout out your name and your brand in the United States and if it's of the good quality, well, you make it. That's fantastic, that's fantastic, thank you. So just to recapping is key partnerships, quality product and understanding the standards of which are here and also build that brand and find those champions that can actually help you get into the States. And I will add the last piece is that United States opportunity, if you can find opportunities to come to the US and maybe spend some time here to learn the market and build your product here, that's also a great opportunity as well. All right, so I'm afraid we're out of time. Thank you so much to our wonderful panelists and everyone viewing today, some great questions from all over the world. Special thanks again to the hosts of the viewing groups around the globe for mobilizing the entrepreneurial communities. And just last week in Nairobi, Carlos Francisco Bernal of Mexico and Rudy Cook of South Africa were crowned winners of the startup and idea categories of tech-eyed competition and were awarded $25,000 each in Seed Money for the adventures out of the total of 140,000 to entrepreneurs. Go to justnetwork.org to learn more about the winners. If you are a budding entrepreneur, we welcome your application for next year. It could be you on stage as a winner. Please check the Just Network for updates on our Next Tech Connect live chat. We hope to see you here for future discussions on topics of importance to entrepreneurs like you. You can stay informed about these and other Just programs by registering at justnetwork.org. In conclusion today, I'd like to note there are numerous opportunities for African entrepreneurs in the science and technology fields. I especially encourage the female youth of Africa to get involved in the African technology ecosystem. We hope to see you all on Justnet. Please stay tuned for some closing remarks by Macon Phillips coordinator of the Department of State's International Information Programs. Thank you. Hey everyone, I'm Macon Phillips, the coordinator for the US Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. We're wrapping up a great live event and I want to say thanks to our panel of experts, Andrew, Cynthia and Marlies for participating in today's program. But most importantly, I want to thank you for joining us today to share your experiences and ask your questions. I hope you enjoyed this Just Tech Connect focused on promoting entrepreneurship, best practices in Africa. I'm particularly excited to be here on the heels of last week's Tech Eye competition at the Global Entrepreneurship Summit in Nairobi, which awarded almost $150,000 in seat capital to its global winners. I encourage you to visit Justnetwork.org to hear about those inspiring stories, learn more about those ventures and consider applying for next year's competition yourself. I was also thrilled to hear that so many of you who joined today's program are part of the Young African Leaders Network. As President Obama has said, you're the foundation of our partnership with Africa's youth. As many of you know, the YALI network stems from the Young African Leaders Initiative, President Obama's signature effort to invest in the next generation of African entrepreneurs, educators, activists and innovators. The network, which now numbers over 140,000 talented young Africans, helps develop the skills and connections needed to build a brighter future for your communities and for your countries. As a YALI network member, you have access to free educational resources, digital engagement with topic experts and meetings created exclusively for young African leaders. So if you're not already a member, I hope you'll join YALI at yali.state.gov or Just at Justnetwork.org. Both YALI and Just are also on social media. You can catch them on Facebook and Twitter here at the handles on the screen. I encourage you to continue to engage the YALI and Just communities through these webinars and other programs. Thanks again for your participation and have a great day.


Yeah, I mean It's not gonna be legal in the long run as it is Technically it's that way as long as the European Commission has a new data transfer agreement We have to accept that it's legal until the Court of Justice to clear is it illegal again so right now we have a History ever since 2000 where all the deals that existed were annulled backwards So there was never any legal transfers Until now and I know the Commission issued this summer a new decision, which is not officially published. It gets published now Once it's published that actually would be a new legal basis that for the time being I can rely on But once it gets annulled again actually backwards on what transfers are gonna be illegal again So you have a situation where as long as the law is on the books It's there and you can rely on it But there is a very high likeliness It's gonna be erased from books rather soon again and you're back to square one and had illegal data transfers to the US Not nothing one part that we see is that there's no collective address in the European Union so people can go together and you know sue you as a company together for not doing it anymore for Also damages so you can also say okay I may have you know a hundred people having damages in companies oftentimes one big part is the unions the workers themselves to say I don't want all my shit to be over there that they can bring down a lot of these projects There's probably tenure so like if you then have to you know show that you're complying with all the laws You will have a hard time So I think gradually it's an issue and it's also just a headache is an issue I mean, I think a lot of people are like, okay, this service is like 10% cheaper. Let's do that But if you think about having a huge overhead in administration a huge overhead in compliance costs You need law firms to sign papers and so on that costs a lot of money, too And I think oftentimes people do not factor that in so I think at the time right now Especially if you start a new project, it does make sense to think about hosting in Europe Not I'm a big fan of it like ideally we would have an internet connected world Your data is safe all over the place, but as the law stands right now and as the developments are right now We would very likely have an issue if you don't do that So I think it does make sense for the time being to to consider that and to give it a second thought As long as there are some alternatives that work well and you have you know some hosting that that works well But there are they are out there. I think it's oftentimes that people don't look at the second or third Option on the list it just go for the first one Yeah, I can tell you I mean for us ourselves we when we had the Shrems to agree on decision, which is the court of justice striking down the data transfers our Compliance was very simple. We host everything ourselves partly with next level, but also with tons of other services And they're on our own servers. So my compliance took exactly one minute Now others struggled for two or three years just somehow tried to figure out how they how they comply with the law And and that's a lot of hours that go into stuff that that is not overly necessary And I think it then depends on your company what you do what the products are what you really need And what your solution is going to be but I think there is there is a lot of opportunity a lot of options to a Host yourself find another provider and we have to partly one thing We couldn't do ourselves was newsletters because we just need a lot of functionality that we cannot really do our own service But we've got a local company that was like, you know I literally have the email address of the boss and I just email him if I needed something and we needed a change In the API and it was like that's a cool idea and we had it the same night. You don't cut that at Microsoft usually So I think there is there is in in certain areas options not for everything. We also have to be fair There are certain areas where there is a It's very hard to switch because everybody else in the industry is using one thing It's you know You have these network effects and so on and that is something where legislation could change that where we say Okay, you have to have open source You have to have open interfaces so that you can switch without you know without being held back by the people around you like the DMA But there is much more that we can do actually in that area But we see that that we have progress in that direction and so similarly we had another Areas when the three had the first electric networks. They had different plugs So you could only you know You had to buy your vacuum cleaner from your power company at some point We came up with a wonderful idea of just having plugs that fit in at least in most jurisdictions And and and that works and you can now choose your product and you're happy with whatever you whatever you like And and I think a lot of that used to be how the internet worked with you know into connectivity with standards and so on Email is the best example And I think we need to get back to that DMA is an example where we say okay Why can I not message from signal to WhatsApp? There is no logical reason other than trying to wall it off and and there's a lot of options there and we can you know Move towards that direction last point there. That's really interesting I think that's also interesting for European business in the European industry because unless we have a true Competitive system where you have different alternatives that all have to compete with each other Our usually smaller structured markets are not going to win this usually then in network effect Situations the biggest one wins and the biggest ones is usually the US because their home market is already so big And then the companies are so big So I think also from an economic point of view it will be interesting from a European perspective to have an Open truly competitive market There will still be a lot of the big players on this market, but there will be alternatives as well And I think that that would be a situation that that would be interesting to get to Also for companies, I mean they didn't tell you I if I want to do online advertisement I don't have an alternative if I have to go to Google and and if you're a newspaper You have to have some of these advertisement companies on your platform And they take away most after revenue and it doesn't go to journalism anymore So you have a lot of these situations that are I think rather obvious that we we need to fix and and how to fix them We just need to get moving and and be bold and and and you know Follow the the rules and the systems that we already have in place in many other ways That we have open electricity network open phone networks open whatever networks We did that ever since the 90s and if you ask an American friend for them It's so mind-blowing that you have two options of internet connectivity And because it used to be only the one that existed there And and we did that before also against resistance, but but it made our our system I think better stronger cheaper oftentimes and that could be a very interesting approach There is a lack of creativity and there is a lack of taking it seriously We see now that with this commission currently with the last four or five years that this topic comes up and that it's taken Seriously, but maybe not to the extent that it should be and it's still for I think a lot of them a bit the feeling that oh This is internet is you know what my kids do and it it is a bit like you know not taking electricity seriously And we at some point realize that's that's very fundamental and we need to you know Have a system that works well that is up and and so on and and we usually succeeded in that quite well and I think there is There's more need to be bold in that and to believe in it


what's going on guys welcome to another video if you could tell about my voice i'm sick all right i'm not feeling the best right now i'm not feeling good at all matter of fact it's been a rough day it's really hard for me to talk so just bear with me i'm probably gonna lose my voice by the time this video is ever about i don't care because i'm not skipping an upload and just because i'm sick doesn't mean i'm not gonna be posting videos so i actually even try to go fishing for you guys today and that's just it happened i'll try to go in the back yard for a little bit see if i can get some uh fish catches fish clips try that for you just get back uh from working out uh about 20 minutes ago 30 minutes ago and i decided to pick up the camera make this video this is a video i've been wanting to do for a minute but i have two quick things i want to do this right here uh mess up this journalist section from a from a fan across the street i guess i need to do this journal i don't know if i should give this back to you since i'm sick now because one of these says uh use this page as a napkin i might just blow my nose in it because i'm telling you i'm not feeling good second off right here giving someone a shout out right now i won't usually do this guys but guess what is happening right now be sure to go follow this kid right here on instagram c underscore c a g l e 66 c underscore seagull 66 all right this boy right here i actually met him a while back ago i've been talking to him really cool kid go get him up go get him a follow let's go ahead get this video starts skip all that stuff so the reason you guys clicked on this video is because you guys wanted to find out how i did on the tournament this is a tournament update talking about the tournament and i don't want to make this too long for you guys so let's make it short and sweet and uh information packed so moving on to everything as you guys know i'm a sophomore in college right now i finished my whole first year um of college and college fishing um this previous year the first tournament on this uh this season's schedule was on lake lenear and as you guys know that's my home lake there's not one other lake in this world that i'm more confident on than lake lenear you know this summer i went like 15 days straight almost and literally had over 13 pounds every single day like every single day and a few days i had 20 pounds insane let's wrecking the fish this summer and especially in the past and you know confidence through the roof on this lake like i know what this lake has potentially and you know there is no way like there was no way i just wasn't gonna at least get like a top three in this tournament like there was no way so that's the mindset i went about it in this tournament so i don't know if that's always the best thing for what i'm about to tell you so going into this tournament i actually went we had two days to practice before the event first day went out there um found the main pattern and um ended up not recording this they found the main pattern which were catching fish on brush piles um of course that didn't surprise me in all catch them on a fish i'd spin also i wanted to find a secondary pattern which was a largemouth bite which i never do on the near i wanted to get out of my comfort zone i wanted to try something different so that's what we went and did and we caught like five or six largemouth that day as well i'm finding a largemouth pattern i was catching them on like a little red crave bait as well as a big mop jig which uh my partner oakley was throwing had a great day you know kind of built a base but we knew the next day was going to be in the area that i'm comfortable with i have a lot of confidence in this area so we went through the second day of practice i'm put in there hitting all the standard brush piles it was kind of slow at first and then all of a sudden dude oh my god it's just snap and it was unreal we pulled up on these spots as you guys saw if you guys haven't seen the practice video go watch it i'll link it down below we're going to hit all these uh brush piles i pulled in one creek the creek previously was pretty solid um i think we caught you know like five fish by then six fish pull up into this creek going my first brush pile right at the mouth be my cast out there let it sink i was throwing a fish at spin as you guys know i love that bait he's a real not bad boy do wax it looks that into him and then he ends up coming off him like all right you know that's fine whatever i'll put the rods down uh throw the trill and motor up crank up crank up to the next spot pull up to the next brush pile till i look like my cast right here cast right there boom uh three pounder on a wobble head all right put the boat up went to the next spot first cast fish on spin boom two and a half pounder got him in the boat all right boom next spot first cast boom three pounder in the boat all right there you go next spot next cast do not pounder at that point i was like you know what there's no point on me checking these brush piles anymore in this creek it is insane we literally caught five fish five cast in like five to ten minutes it was ridiculous and uh linear that does not surprise me and you know i felt so good i was like you know we found this right here we got a secondary pattern just in case something happens we have a backup plan with the large mouth and um you know everything should go well and you know we're all set up went and i scanned some other spots fished a few more spots to find some other stuff went back to some of my original stuff i hit this summer i mean the same way just being a cast you know boom you know first cast every single time we're just like we're on you know there's no doubt in my mind we're gonna we're gonna put this thing in the bag we're gonna win this thing comes day one of the tournament oh man yeah first off start off with a three hour fog delay three hours i've never had that happen to me once i've had a fog delay before but nothing like three hours like that was just an insane weight totally killed that morning bite but most of the fish that we were catching were in the afternoon anyways and uh didn't really bother us too much i know we could get a big bite in the morning especially with the schools and um so that was kind of knocked out of the side but overall you know i was thinking you know where our spots are still going to be good comes this afternoon we didn't launch until i believe it was like 10 30 we had to take out at five 15 or is it six 15 it was five 15 it might have been six 15 matter of fact that's all the long tournament guys i there's no doubt in my mind i was like oakley we got to bust them out today like first day day one we got to come in for like 16 to 20 pounds i said we just got to bust them um don't worry about the spots you know catch as many as possible to try to upgrade our bag don't worry about being up her fish because the next day was supposed to be raining it was going to be really nasty and so they cut the day short all the way to 115 we had to be back so we're like thinking in our heads like we're just going to beat these fish the first day try to catch 16 to 20 pounds you know i thought it was definitely doable with what we found and um we'll be set the next day we can get some of the largemouth stuff we'll save that and that's what we'll do so anyways we go to the brush piles start fishing them nothing get some to the next ones casting nothing when i mean fishing fast guys i mean fishing fast oakley says the craziest day he's ever been on the water we hit around i mean i'd say 125 spots that day um and not even kidding you know there's there's a few fish that came off um and a few few mistakes during the day we did not have a fish at five o'clock we had to we had to weigh in at we had to be at weigh in at 615 we did not have a fish and it was five o'clock and by that time i was already up north heading towards the ramp just because you know i wanted to be over in that area there's no point in being late in this two-day event that whole deal um i don't have any spots up there really i don't fish up there and you know one spot's treating me well in the tournament i've decided to stop in there um i'm throwing a shaky head by this point i couldn't get a bite in practice on the shaky but i knew you know deep down in my head that you know if i can't get a fish on anything just throw a shaky head we'll throw it up on this tree and caught a two and three quarter pounder it was a decent fish that got me pumped up because i was like all right we got a fish in the boat even though it was almost the end of the day and sadly we ended up not catching any more only caught one fish you got you gotta listen this is my home lake this is a lake that i knew so much about that i could like close my eyes and just be thinking about you know let's go here tomorrow here here here and boom we catch like 15 pounds like it the stars were not aligned today there's there's one of those events i had one event last year that was the same way and it was actually on Lake Hartwell which is like the second most confident lake i'm on and uh the same exact thing happened i just don't know why all this stuff i don't know if it gets in my head or what it is but always in practice i'm smoking them it's not even like i'm beating up the fish you know i get a bite i leave or i don't even cast in there or i shake the fish off or i just catch one leave you know i never beat a fish it just happens like that it's just it's just fishing but this day was totally not meant for us we saw the fish schooling all around us you know throwing our baits right in there i threw my fish head into a school of four and five pounders i see hopping up and i was feeling hit it hit it twice it's never get it and i'm like you know now that point is just ridiculous i threw my fish head some more and kept short striking it i was thinking myself you know this is just not going but we only have one fish for like two and a half pounds on day one and this just shows you guys this is what fishing is and i'm showing the reality of this tournament and i'm telling you guys 100 true honest even though this was a horrible event just because everyone documents the good everyone documents like all the good stuff no one documents the bad they don't want to they don't want to show themselves looking bad on camera but guess what i'm gonna be a hundred percent real with you guys because we're all gonna have these days it's just what it is and uh the fact it was on my own lake and i busted but i mean i can tell you one thing though we worked our butts off and when i mean we worked our butts off i got off the water i don't know if you can still see it but my nose was so my face was literally i don't know if i can grab as red as it gets like i i about killed myself like i was to the point where we would i'd love get on plane lay it on a spot i would throw it back you know i got a hot foot by the time that boat's still coming down there's water that's going to come up on the front i already hit the stop button i'm already up on the front deck throwing the trolling motor in the water i mean hitting as fast as we can we hit over a hundred spots on first day only caught one fish with all that happening you know i was talking hopefully i'm like dude we can't get down you know you this is just how stuff happens you know you can't control everything all i know is we put in a hundred and ten percent i said tomorrow we're gonna put a hundred and fifty percent no bullshit you know we're getting this done and this is just what we're gonna have to do going into the next day a lot a lot more you know we're just gonna have to do this we're getting rained on as blast off occurs this is the reason you're not seeing any footage raining like crazy i actually ended up breaking my gopro on the way from launch to my first spot i actually got water in my lens it was embedded in the lens and then it ended up freezing and it's just all jacked up now i didn't get any footage i'm kind of mad it wasn't like we did good but i still wanted to document it and show you guys some things but i do have one thing which was the early morning blast off clip which i'm sure i'll show at the end of the video if it's not uh if this video is too long everybody won't show it but i showed you know i'm sure like 15 seconds of it of a blast off so going out there um we just decided you know we're fishing all day you know got a fish in the boat i caught it on a shaky head um about 30 minutes later we're now at one of my deeper brush piles that i didn't get to hit the day before it was just kind of like let's stop here so a lot of fish on the graph backed off threw in there hopefully caught one on a jig three pounder um everything was starting to go good and everything i just shut everything off in my head i said screw this stuff you know we're not hitting any of this stuff less i'm going to literally replay what i did this summer and i'm just going to go back to the basics i sat down in the boat because i burnt my drop shot off previously i tied him one on tied my leader tied everything got up on the boat and started hitting the main piles i usually hit and just started catching them and the fish are catching we're tiny guys 13 13 and a half inches and they had to be 14 inch keepers i'm catching a largemouth which is insane out there i'm catching them they're all small we just keep running running running and all of a sudden you know i see all these fish are under me i'm dropping on a drop shot and uh oakley comes up next to me and drops his jig and we're just talking to ourselves like if they hit that jig but not this drop shot just makes no sense and literally by the time his jig hit the bottom boom he hooked one right there caught him and uh i can't even remember what the last fish was we got one more fish in the boat so we have four fish for i believe seven pounds horrible um then again but the weights were so bad like it wasn't like it was a really good event uh by any means i mean the lake this is what happened cold front blew in not only the cold front blew blow uh blow in but the lake was turning over so it was just catastrophe cold front is already bad when the lake is turning over it's the worst literally like time of the year to fish lake linear or any lake especially the linear um it's the worst time to fish it and uh that's just what it is guys we worked our butts off this all i know we put a hundred and fifty percent effort into this event and all i know is i know so much about that lake it's ridiculous to think that this is probably be my worst finish you know this year i'm hoping this is my worst finish this year and uh gosh it just blew my mind but the same thing happened last year my worst finish last year was at Hartwell and that was when i was gonna qualify anywhere it's gonna be at Hartwell but that just shows you you know just because you know the water just because you know this much doesn't mean it's always the best thing and uh everything you know everything in life has always preach is try your best you know Oakley that was his first college event and i had a long talk with him on the ride what on the ride back here to savannah and i was talking to him i said dude i said you might be down about this tournament but you can't you can't be down like you and i both know what we did i said no one else will know what we did these two days except for you and me i said we you know what we did i said i know what we did and what we did was put in 150 percent effort i mean worked our butts off tried everything we could did everything that we could and the stars were just not aligned for us you know it just wasn't turning out and you're all gonna have tournaments like that guys if you guys have a bad tournament don't go get down if you if something bad happens i mean it doesn't matter if you know something stupid happens in a baseball game you know it's just what it is it's what it is especially in fishing because i would be really pissed at myself if i was playing baseball and i sat there and struck out every single time because i know that is clearly me holding the bat on me sometimes fishing is a little bit differently you can't always make those fish bite and sometimes you just know the day is put up against you you know that you're just the number one person out there that is just going to get screwed over and that's just what it's going to be but all i know is we put in so much effort there's two practice days literally put in as much time as we could from daylight all the way to when we were allowed to take out or when we had to take out every single minute that we could fish those two days we did done a ton of information and worked our butts off those two days of the tournament and that just shows guys even though you put all this effort in you're not always going to get something out you won't always get something out of it but all i can tell you guys is just please every single day try to be the best that you can be just keep pushing even if something bad happens just keep pushing because there's no point of quitting you know if you if something bad like this happens you don't quit you keep on going because guess what that day that you're working for is gonna come it's just it might take 15 lots of before you get that one win but that's what life is that's the only way that's the only way to grind it's the only way to hustle all the way to the top is to keep on putting the work and you know you you just don't get things for not working it's just not how it works you gotta put in the work and if you put in the work enough it's gonna come i promise you but guys i apologize so much about not getting the tournament footage uh i feel really bad about it but the gopher broke there's nothing i could do wasn't the best set you know for us um it was a depressing tournament but guess what i wasn't even sad about it at the end because in reality i know what we did we worked our we worked our butts off we did what we could and we did everything that we possibly could and that's just the end of the story and um overall guys thank you guys so much for the support really means a lot sorry for about my voice like i'm i'm seriously i'm i promise you this isn't my voice right now like i'm really trying to actually make myself clear but uh overall i love you guys so much thank you guys so much for the support be sure to smash that like button comment below and subscribe if you haven't already stay tuned for sunday's video and i'll catch you guys and then next


I'm extremely happy that Madison Media won so many awards. I think what I'm particularly delighted about is earlier reviews to win many awards and sometimes with our agency of the year based on our wins for Cadbury and Maricor. But in this award session, even without Cadbury and Maricor, they won so many and I believe they won the second highest number of awards. That's very good and I want to congratulate all my team and I think our efforts in the last few years trying to spread this innovative work picture I think is slowly bearing fruit and that is why you see us winning awards across so many clients and across so many offices. I'm delighted with that.