Blockchain technology builds upon previous changes in how people work together to produce value within advanced economies. With the rise of the platform economy, information technology has already, within just a decade or so, changed the model for the production and consumption of value within advanced economies. But these newly forming token networks greatly extend those previous trends, with some major alterations. Online platforms and blockchain are changing how we collaborate and work together across organizations and across society at large. Token economics is set to change the very structure of the industrial age enterprise, as it now offers the potential to align the interests of stakeholders in new ways. What is happening today builds upon the recent developments of the so-called collaborative economy. Online platforms that function as two-sided markets matching producers and consumers. The collaborative economy is defined as initiatives based on horizontal networks and the participation of a community. Blurring the lines between producers and consumers, they connect individuals into large peer networks of exchange. However, these large platform organizations that have arisen with the development of the internet are still centralized around the platform providers, creating many current issues around security, data privacy, control, alignment of incentives, concentration of wealth and power. Blockchains let us design protocols that provide the same capacities for people to collaborate within large peer networks, but this time without the need for the centralized entity. Through the use of tokens, the network is converted into a token market, with the market mechanism used to coordinate it in a decentralized fashion. By removing the centralized components, this works to align the incentives of members better and to turn businesses into something more like communities or ecosystems. By removing the centralized components that is controlling the overall network and operating it for profits, the individuals in the network become more aligned with the whole. This alignment between the individuals in the whole network is realized through the token. Because as the value of the whole organization increases, this increase in the value of the platform does not get sucked up by management and shareholders, but in fact gets distributed across the network itself by accruing to all of those that hold the token. This is how and why, in a token economy, the traditional business model of the industrial age that was primarily designed to create a profit for its owners is greatly reduced and replaced by these token networks, which are more like public utilities, as profit does not get taken out by shareholders, but instead is continuously reinvested and redistributed to the users of the network through the utility token that they must hold to use the network. Thus unlike the centralizing forces of the industrial age, where value was always getting pulled inwards and sucked upwards, these distributed networks, if designed properly, can work to inherently push the value that accrues downwards to the infrastructure layer and outward to the members of the network who hold the token. With token economies, we now have the capacity to directly program incentive structures through tokens, and this shifts the success of economies from the realm of policy and management into the realm of design and technology. Today, well-designed token networks hold out the possibility to build new forms of incentive structures that really improve the alignment between the agents in the network and the whole system, potentially working to avoid a rich-get-richer effect and reduce the gap between the owners and users of the economy. We no longer have to place our hopes on the promises of politicians or protest against neoliberal economic policies, but the future of advanced economies is now largely about designing these token networks, programming blockchains, and building the communities that fuel them.


What's going on guys? Got Kyle and Shawn here. We're leading sports cars and we are riffing 22-23 contenders optic basketball So when it's 20 bucks full case um tiered random teams that are randomized for the break I'll show you guys the results again. Got Jeremy with the spurs and nets down to Louise with the blazers and heat Alrighty guys. Good luck. Let's do it 20 box case Guys spots moving nicely on flawless and um prism team all thank you guys 14 to go and 15 to go Whichever one fills up first going next Case is open Loving the amount of palo on the boxes this year. I'm loving it. Alrighty guys. Good luck contenders optic full case tiered That's number one See what we got guys. Appreciate y'all spots coming in nicely for um got flawless next 14 to go and Prism team all prism team all has 15 to go Good luck. Good luck. Let me just schedule real quick guys the flawless went away One moment. We'll get started Cool. Alrighty guys. Good luck on the tier box number one We've got a gold pack with each of these spots purchased. Thank y'all 15 to go in 14 to go our last two breaks of the day Do you like playing? What's the deal with the John Taylor? So I was practicing. I don't know There's a red ice Doma subbonus playing the numbers game got a blue ice that one is Mikhail and Larry bird is 75 for the Celtics One's sorry season ticket of Ludort season ticket buddy healed and Anthony Simons This one is to 49 gonna be blue rookie ticket Otto Johnny Davis going to the Wizards Wizards there Johnny Davis. I just two breaks with spots tonight Just got a couple boxes in queue for Kevin. It'll be a quick one can probably get that going right after this Be a couple quick ones for Kevin got a blue superstars die cut. That's um Luca nice one there for the maps And silver uniformity of Tatum season ticket is Mikhail bridges Josh giddy and Otto is the 25 It's gonna be rookie ticket orange on card Otto Dayland Terry Go to the bulls there 25 on the rookie ticket. Oh, you said you were seeing that shady. It was good It's good concert or a show Heck yeah, man. I love a good comedy show ain't nothing Nothing better. There's a sweet shots Joellen beat and Ben Matherin on the first class ticket season ticket Cole Anthony orange So uh Orange to 49 is D. Lo and red not numbered Christian wood and redemption Nice Jaden Ivy rookie variation season ticket blue. I want to go to the The pistons nice one there pistons. That's Patrick Jaden Ivy on the rookie variation ticket box number four That's fair shady. That's fair.  You can go a little go a little crazy Say red hoop dreams that one is going to be um Jaylon Durbin and blue hoop dreams to uh 75 is tari eason the rockets base season ticket got a bojan hollow and Jaylon brown number to 49 for the uh Selfics and another redemption is rj barrett. That's veteran ticket blue Someone's going to the nicks rj barrett veteran ticket blue Roundy guys box number five Yeah, I don't know if I've heard much of his stuff. I'll have to check him out I don't know if I've heard much of his stuff shady One of my buddies saw burt preischer in orlando and he said he was Just so funny He's getting a little wild on the stage There's a uniformity that one is julius randall nicks and uh optic illusion yannis Ted a kumpo Season ticket base is dame Got a red malachi brandom and hollow rookie ticket mark williams hornets another redemption This one is nice. Jabari smith jr. Rookie variation season ticket That one will go to the rockets nice one their third pick in the draft for the rockets variation season ticket Come on. This one there rockets box number six Yeah, I will I will shady Matt rife I have to remember that Yeah, my bet he said burt had like everyone just dying. There's a hoop dreams. Um, ben matherin Pacers rookie and playing the numbers game jimmy harden Season ticket got a pink nice one there deontre eight and that's low number 275 sons the newest blazer and redknot numbered christops And this one is rookie auto for the kings up and coming blue to 75 nice one there kings That is keegan murray The rookie three-point record It's 18 of 75 nice one there kings That's number seven For zingus and uh, drew holiday man. They got they got pretty decent lost mark is smart. They lost time lord and uh And uh, what's his name brogdon? That's about it. They did pretty good. Yeah. Pacers did good or blazers did good, too Yeah, I think the blazers got some good players. There's a first-class ticket nice powlo For the magic not numbered and gold nice one there legendary 10 dumps to 10 for the calves. That's going to be lebron and kairi Nice gold lebron there nice one calves Nice hit for a second uh second tier team that one is patrick Patrick let you go patrick nice one there lebron to gold to 10 red season ticket cold not numbered and blue is first-class jaden hardy That's gold to 10 The number of the colors in here. I got a nice one there maps gold to 10 on the hardy your first-class ticket Five of 10. There we go maps another redemption This one is uh, rookie variation season ticket green window more jr. That one will be tea wolves window more jr. Green variation season ticket. Good luck. Good luck guys A first-class ticket that one is uh, jade jalen durin Pistons and uniformity lamella season ticket base got a red trey murphy and shingoon hollow This one is the 75 nice store back there larry johnson all-time contenders for the hornets larry johnson, what's that grandma grandma you play grandma back in the days All-time contenders larry 75 hornets Alrighty guys keep it going box number nine This is full case tiered number four and guys just a few to go and flawless next Got 14 over halfway on flawless and we got 15 also halfway on prism team off playing the numbers game zubak And red ice is joel and bead sweet shots What is that from? That's pretty funny some commercials Mmm, grandma dunking on people I like that I like that a lot is a hollow rj barrett or a base rj barrett red jama rant not numbered and jimmy harden season ticket Auto to 75 this one is elton brand all-time contenders for the sixers gm elton Nice one there sixers to 75 and box number 10 Contenders optic red ice sweet shots julius randall and luca on the hollow sweet shots He does have a sweet shot. There's lebron base season ticket red not numbered of james and double low for the nuggets And auto is going to be base season ticket auto um patin watson for the nuggets Hollow season ticket righty guys second half second half number 11. Good luck. Good luck again 14 to go on flawless and six or 15 to go on um prism team on Get those going next Prism team all will have a silver pack um with each spot purchased in that one Get it going with your order. There's optic illusion uh pg 13 and red ice uniformity lamello Base season ticket kelden johnson refractor jimmy butler refractor jimmy butler Red j naivi for the pistons And a 75 you got a lakers nice one there big game james james worthy All-time contenders to 75 for the lakers It's annoying. We'll be annoying God box 12 Yeah, same shape.  There's a playing the numbers game yannis And blue ice is kade cunningham for the pistons to 75 Like those uniformities season ticket hollow um desmond bane and cam reddish This one is niggler jovich the 49 blue rookie ticket auto for the heat Nice on-card jovich young player for the heat 18 Or 13 off by a couple and I felt history pretty good guys andre johnson jerry rice Is a playing the numbers game d angelo russell and uniformity is jabari or the rockets Is that because we see him everywhere brandon is that what you're saying? Michael bridges we got pink 275 that one is lebron nice one there lakers Lebron to 75 and lou dort red And this one is number to 75 green rookie auto is going to be tai tai washington rockets number 14 Yeah, that's uh I say that all the time with baseball. I always see pita lanzo man I hit pita lanzo out of any baseball product. It's crazy He follows me around There's a hoop dreams that one's going to be jabari smith silver And first class ticket ben matherin season ticket kade hollow of jordan pool and red aj griffin not numbered And redemption Nice it's jayden ivy again this time rookie season ticket red Here we go pistons that was um patrick Nice one there patrick rookie season ticket red of ivy again ready guys box 15 Yeah, exactly exactly I pulled a uh frozen fracter pita lanzo though that one was sick a frozen polar bear Thought it was appropriate Frozen fracter polar bear a contender optic illusions that one is lamella Hornets and a pulsar green pulsar that is 225 nice one there dyson daniels for the pelis First class ticket australia This one is um evan mobly blue scary terry To uh 99 and hollow double o this one is perennial contenders hollow auto go into the warriors jonathan kominga perennial contenders warriors on the auto that time Any guys five to go box number 16 Exactly exactly Not a bad one not a bad one. He's a beast. There's a uh jayden ivy hoop dreams And red ice lottery ticket ben matherin Dang I think I'm just setting a tennis lineup for tonight. No, no dang it I'm just setting the tennis lineup. Come on, man. We're gonna start at 12 30 They're in china. So they start really late hours. There's a red diante murray and boyan bogdanovich season ticket hollow Ooh nice one here to 99. We got red rookie ticket auto shading sharp Nice one there blazers. That's a nice looking card. Nice little color match 92 and 99 shading sharp box number 16 number 17 17 I'm getting very good now. I'm breaking down Yeah, this is where it starts happening pistons uniformity ivy And optic illusions levine Rob double o of a uh slam dunk title There's a um yana space looks like a gold coming Spencer den witty and gold nice one there for the uh The uh Celtics to 10 is going to be jalen brown Nice one there Celtics that is six to 10. We're off that jersey number Very nice one there Celtics We've got jeff hornesseck all-time contenders that one is suns jeff hornesseck to 75 On the blue all-time contenders auto three more Hornesseck, I don't remember him playing much No, it was him No, it was him marley I think uh, I think he was on the jazz too though. He was on the jazz. I think he was on the malone and he used to stock in jazz He had a free throw line and he'd do this and it was Him and his kids knew he was saying I love you. Oh really? Yeah, I like that There's a lottery ticket hola usman vie and green. Nice one here to 25. It's going to be green pulsar luca for the maps Exactly to me exactly Got a season ticket clarkson. This one is blue. Nice one there j dubb to um to 99 Thunder and green pulsar to 25 is doma sabonis And auto is going to be red season ticket auto. That is marge on bow champ number two, um 99 Um, I think we have to send a box with that that looks like a little bit of damage potentially up top I don't think that's going to wipe off. So we'll send a box with the buck spot there Bucks that were placed by panini A little bit of damage on the top there Righty guys two more two more number 19 Hey, I got you. I got you brandon. Let's do it It's fun, man. I uh I know a bit about tennis not to like to my own harm or anything But I know I know some guys that get overrated a lot guys that get underrated a lot So that kind of helped me with the tennis the last couple nights I know some people who uh, who shouldn't be getting the favorites a lot of times and they do There's a first class ticket of johnny davis for the wizards There is a steve curry nice one. There's superstar blue. That is sick looking to 75 nice one, uh warriors Yeah, we're talking about a draft kings rich. I want to I want two tennis lineups already I've only done three. I've left first place twice There's a uh season ticket josh heart. There's a red jeremy grants and hollow ludort This is man just got paid for the spurs. It's gonna be devon vassal If I sell there, uh, print on contenders go nulls On the hollow auto Um to 99 my man just got paid And on the back Medvedev, yeah medvedev is uh He's a beast, but he can he can play pretty bad too There's a couple there's uh, there's some ladies like that too that they're ranked in the top 10 and they can lose Any single night any night Yeah, he's not been very good either rod holger runes rune. It's not been very good at all I had him getting upset the other night by uh Forget who was her catch or something There's a sweet shots. Yannis Or no is the mitrov the mitrov beat him up the other night Optic illusions joe on the hollow a erin gordon nuggets hollow diante murray red chat home grid not numbered rookie ticket And on the back we have not numbered a silver rookie auto of christian caloco that one's going to the raptors Raptors there on the hollow season ticket All righty there guys that'll do it for 2022 2023 contenders optic 20 box full case Tiered do a quick auto recap then we will get going um onto the next one got six uh 14 to go on flawless and 15 to go On um prism team all let me get those going i'll get a uh personal go in next probably it's a quick one I can get it knocked out real quick Yeah, that's the thing man. These uh these matches are going like 5 a.m. Right now. It's like midnight to like 6 a.m So i'm not even watching them. I'm just guessing i'm just hoping i'm waking up hoping that it's gonna win It's a 99 vassal. We've got marge on bochamp Hornet set, um, there's kaminga There's a jayden ivy nice one there rookie season ticket red got tie tie uh, nicola jovich blue big game james got a uh Peyton watson nuggets and when it's elton brand all-time contenders got larry johnson Hornets, um, there's another variation green is window more Got keegan murray up and coming to 75 This one was a rockets drabari smith rookie variation ticket Had veteran ticket blue rj barrett had rookie season ticket blue jayden ivy another nice one for the pistons had dylan terry johnny davis schaden sharp And christian colloco on the back All right. All right guys that'll do it for um contenders tier number four. Thank y'all. We'll get them right out to you


America's number one adventurer K-7, former United States secret agent who operated in 22 countries on land, on sea and in the air, brings you another story of today. Here is K-7. Ladies and gentlemen, during last year, newspapers printed many stories of border violations. The world was nervous. Boundaries between countries were closely guarded. And each violation brought new diplomatic protests. It is the story of border violations engineered by international troublemakers that I bring to you now. My old friend John Holbrook will introduce the story. Thank you, K-7. Agent Z, one of K-7's former associates, was one of a few who knew the real story behind border violations. He knew that many of these acts were unintentional, but that others were deliberately planned by international crooks and spies who were making large fortunes, selling information to the re-arming nations. It was a trick to keep world tension high, and Z knew that the offenders must be captured. When he had gathered the information he needed to act, he called on his friend, Patricia Norwood. I'm going to ask you to help me Pat. Now look at this newspaper. You'll find a story about border violations on the front page. Oh yes, I've just been reading it. Good. Now I'll tell you the real facts. Pat, the majority of those so-called international incidents are a part of a deliberate plot. A plot, Z? You mean that? I've gathered as much information as I could, Pat. Now I'm going after the crooks. I want you to go with me. Well, how are they working? Well, one man, I'm not sure of his identity, has a private airplane hidden somewhere. He's painted the insignia of one country on the underside of a wing. So that it will be easily identified when he flies over the other? That's right. Each night he flies across the border, drops low with propaganda so that he'll be seen, and then he returns to his own flying field. The smaller country enters a diplomatic protest. The result is world unrest, a threat of war. And I suppose this crook is selling information. Exactly. Now he's got to be captured, Pat. I need your help again. Will you come with me? No, I will, Z. When do we start? Tonight. My plane is waiting at the airport, and there's no time to lose. Z laid his plans carefully. From diplomatic sources, he secured permission from both countries involved to fly over the border. The orders went out by radio. Permission is hereby granted to Agent Z for flights over the border. Night flights over such territory will be at his own risk, since border guards have orders to shoot down violators. Night flights at Z's own risk. Z immediately established headquarters at a small field near the disputed border. Two nights after his talk with Pat, the two had their equipment set up and were ready. They waited on the darkened airfield. Well, Pat, we're ready. Have you ever operated a radio direction planted? No, but I think I know how. No, you'll manage. Now let's go over our plans again. As soon as the airplane that's violating the border is heard, I'll take off. When the pilot sees my plane in the air, he'll probably turn ahead for his home field as fast as possible. I'll try to follow it. Well, I hope you're successful, Z. Be sure and fly high over the border. The guards might shoot you down. I won't take any unnecessary chances. Now while under the air, I'll keep in constant touch with you by radio. Yes. I know how to work the transmitter at this end. Your biggest job will be to keep the direction fighter trained on me at all times. And that'll tell you which way I'm flying. South, southeast, south-west. And then if I should lose the other plane up there in the darkness, we'd at least know in which direction his field lies. If you're computing the speed of your plane, you could tell approximately how far from here the field is. That's it, Pat. Knowing the direction and the approximate distance from this field, we should be able to locate it. Even if he gets away from me tonight. Z, listen. He's up there, Pat.  Remember what you have to do. If all goes well, I'll see you in an hour or two. Tune in your radio as soon as I'm in the air. I will. Be careful, Z. I better turn the radio on. Hello? Hello? Hello? 1-4-7-R calling plane 2-9-1-R. 1-4-7-R calling plane 2-9-1-R. Can you hear me, Z? Hello, Pat? 2-9-1-R calling 1-4-7-R. Radio working perfectly. Come in. I can hear you, Z. I've got the direction finder working. Keep it trained on me, Pat. I'm gaining altitude. I'm over the other plane now. I don't think the other pilot has seen me. I have it on you, Z.  Do you hear me?  The plane that's been violating the border has increased its speed, Pat. Have you seen me? We've been spotted from the ground, too. The border's directly under us. The border guards are using anti-aircraft guns. There's lots of white smoke as the shells explode around us. Z, Z, be careful. Go higher. We're over the border now, sir. Yes.  Z, Z, come in. Z, Z, can you hear me? 1-4-7-R calling plane 2-9-1-R. Come in. Come in. I've lost you. Pat! Keep talking, Z. My motor is missing badly, Pat. The other plane is gaining on me. I'm losing speed. Z, turn and come back. Come back. I've just discovered the trouble. My gasoline tank was hit as I flew over the border. Z, Z, keep talking. Nearly down, Pat. Hello. Hello, Z. Z, can you hear me? Z, come in. 1-4-7-R calling plane 2-9-1-R. Come in. Z's radio was silent, his fate unknown. Pat waited until the following afternoon for some word from him. Then she wirelessed M's old friend, K7. He advised her to notify the authorities of both countries and to charter a plane, cross the border, and make a close survey of the countryside from the air. Pilot, I thought I saw something. Yes, Miss. No. No, it's nothing, I guess. I don't understand why we haven't seen a plane on the ground. Oh, if only K7 were here. Your friend, Z, must have landed safely. Well, I was thinking of that. If he's Christ, we would have sighted the wreck. Although it would have been a report. How far behind the border are we now? About 55 miles, directly south. Well, Z couldn't have been that far. We'd better turn. Wait. Wait, do you see anything in that tall tree below us? Well, yes. Yes, it's a long piece of cloth. And it looks as if it was tied to the top of the tree. That's right, Miss. Now, look down over our left wing. There's a second cloth streamer tied to that tree down there. Yes, yes, I see it. And that field beneath is smooth, large enough for a plane to take off. Yes, plenty big enough. And there's a barn, too. It might be a secret hangar. Those rags tied to the tops of the two trees will show the direction of the wind so that a plane could land. It might be a private field, Miss. You want to go down? We're 55 miles from the border, just far enough. That may be the field the plane that violates the border takes off from each night. How far is the next airport, pilot? About five miles. We'll head for it at once. I'm going to land. And tonight I'm coming back here on foot and look this field over. That night, Pat made her way back to the field she had sighted from the air. Was it the one used by the international crooks? If so, it was ideally located. The countryside was almost complete wilderness. As she crept to the edge of the field under cover of darkness, she saw lights. Then an airplane motor was started. Two men were near the plane. They turned and went back into the barn that served as a hangar. Pat made up her mind quickly. She ran to the plane, climbed in and concealed herself behind the pilot's seat. Shortly after, the two men returned. You'll have no trouble tonight, Knight. I found out what happened to the pilot who followed me last night. Yes, it was special agency. You reached the ground safely? Yes. Now he's in prison. Prison? How could that be? The civil authorities saw the flares which he dropped. They were waiting for him when he reached the ground. They will let him go free as soon as they find out who he is. That has been arranged. I told you that I had friends. The authorities believe that he is one of us. They have been told that his great dentures are forgeries. He'll be in prison for a long time. If he's not shot as a spy. That is good. This special agent is in prison as a spy. Before he can get out, there will be war. Now we will start. Get in. Tonight I go with you. We'll fly over every city and drop leaflets. What is in them? We'll make the people think. Get in. Remember, I am with you. Fly high over the border. Take no chances. I'm ready.  Anyone? Go up higher. You're too near the trees. It would take a minute. The pale seems heavy. It is the extra gasoline and because you are with me. Pat held her breath as she crouched in the darkness behind the two crooks. She waited until she was sure the plane was over the border. Then cautiously she crawled to the space under the wing. The gasoline tanks were there. She turned a valve. It was a desperate chance. What is the problem? The model is missing. The gasoline. Hang on, we've got to land. It will be hard. The plane is heavy tonight. There's an airfield below. As soon as we are on the ground, run. We must not be caught. I can see the ground. Perhaps it will be all right. The city is to our right. Hang on, we're going to hit. I had jumped. They've been seen. Stay in the plane. Little difference who I am gentlemen. Don't try to move. They've turned on the airport lights. There are men running towards us. I'll take care of this girl.  Thee. Pat, how did you get there? Thee, keep them covered. These are the border violators. This one is head of the ring. I've heard about you from K7. This man tried to have me put in prison. K7 freed me. You've captured one of the world's most daring international crooks. Nadok and Nizer were arrested. Under questioning, they revealed the names of the others in the plot. Z rounded them up and sent them to prison. Within a week, diplomatic tension had lessened. Once again, Z had served the cause of peace. Listen for my next story. This is K7 speaking.


Hello and welcome to Issues and Answers, a production of the Government Information Service. I'm your host, Jacques Kingston Compton, and today we're going to be talking about the role of the National Emergency Management Organization, or MIMO. And today with me, we have the acting director of MIMO, Ms. Maria Meda. How are you doing? Hi, fine. Thank you. Feeling good? I'm good, yes. Yes, I'm good. All right. I'm largely talking about the role of MIMO in different scenarios. So first of all, I want to know what your organization's role is, especially with regards to disaster risk management and disaster risk reduction. Okay. MIMO, the National Emergency Management Organization. First of all, let us clarify what it is. To say that it is not the office at Bizet, which is the secretariat that supports the organization. Most people think of when you say MIMO, let me call MIMO. You call the secretariat and you expect the secretariat to handle whatever issue it is. MIMO is the broader organization made up of a lot of agencies, both public and private sector agencies. And each agency comes out to provide service that they normally do. So for instance, if persons call about a disaster or after, they call about a situation with a tree across a road. It is not the secretariat that actually goes to cut the tree or move it. It is one of the agencies, and in this case, it would be infrastructure, who would come cut it down, move it, however they do in their own area of expertise. Similarly, if a power line is down or if it's in a tree, low select would come to attend to that. So most persons would say MIMO, it is not the office personnel. It is the organization. So MIMO is actually in your community, but you don't really see it as MIMO. But all of these agencies come to play a role and play their part after a disaster. So basically that is what MIMO is, and it does. So you mentioned there are the public and private partners. You mentioned Lusilek. Who else falls under the private sector category? Okay. There are quite a few. And I would just name the general ones. You have WASCO, you have FLOW, you have DIGITAL. So they actually form. Right. Yes. What about the public sector? The public sector, well, you have quite a lot of agencies, Ministry of Health, Ministry of Infrastructure, Education, Housing. They are quite a few. There's SLASPER, which is statutory. They also make a part of MIMO. Okay. So as with regards to health, the chief medical officer is part of that organization. Yes. Okay. Now, you also hear about the organization NIMAC, or what's the difference between NIMAC and MIMO? Okay. In this case, NIMAC, we have said what NIMO is, NIMAC is the National Emergency Management Advisory Committee. And it is more or less of a governing body, a body that looks at policy for the organization. So when we look to make decisions and so on, it has to be approved and it has to go through NIMAC. So if, for instance, we are looking at a legislation or a policy, the organization looks at it and it is passed on to the body, the advisory committee for approval. Can you name a couple of the people who are on the advisory committee? Okay. You have the chief medical officer. You have the general manager of SLASPER. You have the executive director of the San Lucia Red Cross. You have the commission of police, head of SSU and so on. Okay. Now, as you are the acting director, what is your role exactly at NIMO? Okay. The role of the director at NIMO in itself is to assist with coordinating and pulling everybody together to be able to manage their functions in a disaster and in times of preparedness, mitigation, response and recovery and so on, which looks at the disaster cycle. The role of the director is quite, it's many and it is enshrined in the Disaster Legislation Act of 2006. So what sort of staff would you find at the secretariat? The secretariat staff is quite small. You have four technical positions in the estimates of expenditure and the balance of the staff. The other five, I think, are more administrative staff. So the administrative staff would be the secretary, the maintenance officer, inventory, the driver and so on. Okay. I want you to specifically speak on NIMO's role with regards to specifically hurricanes, floods, fires, earthquakes. Okay. NIMO's role in those hazards are more or less to look at preparing people.  You look at training, building capacity. So the whole role is not just in a hazard when it comes to Hurricane or earthquake. You have to do the preparation before. And this is where it takes up a lot of our time. Most people think we are sitting waiting for hurricane season for a hurricane. But the bulk of the work is in preparedness, prevention. It's in the community on the ground level where we pull in the disaster committees who are all volunteers. And they themselves do the training, the preparation with the public, their sensitization. You have town hall meetings and so on. We'll almost do for our first break, but can you speak a little bit on maybe describe some of the training that persons would have to undergo, especially maybe the volunteers? Okay. Wow. It's vast. Just briefly. Okay. There is, for instance, you have the community emergency response training. And that is called a SUT, which trains different personnel. So you have fire, you have police in the community, the volunteers. You train them to be able to respond to a disaster. So after a hazard, they come in, they are able to find personnel, basic first aid training and so on. Okay. So as I said, we're due for our first break. We'll continue on that note in a couple of minutes. You're watching Issues and Answers. Stay tuned. We'll be back in a moment. The world's climate is changing and that affects all of us. Storms are becoming increasingly intense, periods of intense drought and heavy rain, stress farm animals and destroy our crops. Higher average ocean temperatures kill our coral reefs and change the migratory patterns of fish. St. Lucia contributes only 0.0015% of global greenhouse gas emissions, but is doing its part, along with countries around the world, to reduce the emissions that are warming our world and changing our climate. These efforts are called mitigation, but decades of emissions have already changed the climate and the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere today will increase average global temperatures even more. We need to adapt. That is, do everything we can to prepare for and respond to the actual and expected negative effects of climate change and everyone has a role to play. We need to protect our crops, build homes that withstand storms and keep our drains and waterways free of garbage to help us recover or bounce back from climatic events. Learn more about the Government of St. Lucia's National Adaptation Plan and the steps you can take to protect yourself and your fellow St. Lucia's. Hi, and welcome back to Issues and Answers. We're speaking with Acting Nemo Director, Ms. Maria Meda, and we're talking about the role of the National Emergency Management Organization. OK, so now I want to talk about there are a lot of this I find in the public that tends to be confusion between the role of Nemo and the Met Office. So what what's I want to talk about what's Nemo's relationship with the Met Office and what is the function of the Met Office itself? OK, the relationship is more of two sisters. One works with the other. One cannot work without the other. Well, Nemo cannot work without the Met Office, put it this way. And because we don't have the technical capability or the technical capacity in-house at the Secretariat to be able to to handle the work that the National San Ocean Met Office does. So we rely on the San Ocean Met Office to provide us with the information as it pertains to to hydrometa activities, weather related activities. And once that information is is passed on to us, depending on the severity, then we would issue out alerts to the public. We would come in to say, OK, we are having an adverse weather event and therefore you need to do X, Y and Z. You need to take precautions. You need to be mindful. You need to be vigilant, etc. Right. So basically that is what the role of Met is in in disasters. That brings me to two things to ask you. Specifically, Nemo's role with regards to public information, especially in times of what you just described. And then I want to get into, while Met Office does provide you with the information you spoke of, you are not your organizations are not the one who makes the declaration of disaster. Who are the ones that actually do that? OK. The Declaration for the Disaster is done by the Minister with Responsibility for Disasters. And that is after consultation with the Director of Nemo, then a notice is issued for the Declaration of Disaster by the Minister with Responsibility for Disasters. Now, in San Lucia's case, it is the Prime Minister because Nemo falls under the office of the Prime Minister. Right? Right. I know some people don't. They believe that Nemo itself can can make that decision on their own. No. But I just wanted to clarify that for the public. And in terms of public information, what is your role in that? OK. That is one of our key functions at Nemo because we have to we have to get the nation in a state of readiness and to get the nation in a state of readiness means that you have to be doing the constant public sensitization, constant public awareness and education. We have tried again. I don't want to make any excuses, but because of staff constraints, we have fallen back on that. And so we have to do interviews like this one. We have to do press releases. We have to do town hall meetings, like I said earlier, get close to the public so that they can understand what you're trying to say. Speaking a language that they can try to understand. And most times when you send out information, you don't really get feedback as to whether or not the public has understood what you said. I know with some Facebook posts, you do get some sort of a feedback that you can analyze. And so so the whole idea of public information is one of the key key functions of Nemo to get people in a state of readiness. Because you bring up a very good point because I'm I'm in the field of communications. It is something that I'm cognizant of when you communicating with the public, it has to be very strategic focused on the different demographics. So I get that. That can be a challenge. It can be about the decision for evacuation. Who makes that decision? OK, evacuation of the island. In case there is a huge natural disaster. OK, again, that that responsibility comes with the minister who is responsible for disasters. Again, it is our prime minister and that is after the advice of the the director of Nemo. So once that has been done again, the notice is issued for evacuation. And in Sandusia, we know that the police under the under disasters, the police would would direct and guide where evacuation is concerned. OK, now I want to talk about the emergency operation centers and what your role is in their establishment. OK, the National Emergency Operations Center and most times we refer to it as the NEOC because it there is a difference because there's also called the District Emergency Operations Center, which is the DEOC you run on the district level. So that DEOC feeds into the NEOC when there is an impact, when we are impacted by whatever event be the fire and if we can hazard that NEOC is one that is staffed by decision makers. And it is key that it is staffed by decision makers and not just a representative, because at that point when the information is fed into the NEOC from the ground level, you have to be able to make a I want to say a decision that is is correct and that it is timely and it is important that it is timely because things are happening their life is happening and the decisions have to be made. So you're having a representative would mean that representative would have to call his or her head or the head of the organization and then it feeds back. So most times and as a legislated, it is decision makers who are supposed to be at the NEOC and decision makers like the the chief, the commission of police, the chief fire officer, the chief medical officer and so on. OK, so yeah, those people on the ground, I want to know what shelters, shelter managers and shelter officers. OK. The shelters, they are basically locations sort of of of how do you I want to use a word, but I need to be careful. But let's just say it is buildings that have been identified pre identified, I've been identified before. So we do it every year. You identify buildings if you use private buildings or churches and so on, you get the consent of the owner or the manager to be able to use them as shelters. These shelters can be either schools, you have churches, you have human resource development centers, you also have private dwellings or persons with dance halls, etc. These shelters are inspected structurally by infrastructure every year. Environmental health is supposed to look at the shelters, to look at the whole cleanliness, the whole environmental aspect of it, to make sure that toilets are working, proper water, sanitization and so on. So once they have done that, then we gazette and we say, OK, shelters are fine. Then you have shelter managers who are supposed to be the managers or the key holders of those those shelters. We go through some training every year. We try to do at least two training for shelter managers and in that area. So how they manage when they actually have shelter is in there. Now the shelter is a people who come in. So Nemo does not open shelters beforehand before a storm, unless it is absolutely necessary. The shelters are open afterwards and they are staffed by the shelter managers and shelter officers. As you said, the shelter officers would be people, the team who's comments to work in the shelters and all of them. Everybody, they are all volunteers. OK, we're due for our second and final break and we'll get into our final third segment. Stay with me. I want to have a few more questions for you before you leave. I know you have a lot of work to do as you're the acting director of Nemo. You're watching issues and answers. Stay tuned. We'll be back in a moment. If you are in receipt of an abnormally high bill, it is highly possible that you have a leak. That leak may not always be visible before you contact Wasco. Conduct a do-it-yourself test. One, record your meter reading. Two, do not use water for 30 minutes to one hour. Three, take another meter reading. If the reading changes, you have a leak. Contact a plumber to identify and fix the leak at the earliest.  Welcome back to Issues and Answers, a production of the Government Information Service. I am talking about, well, we are talking about the role of the National Emergency Management Organization. And we're talking with the acting director of Nemo, Miss Maria Mada. I want to thank you again for staying with us. I know you have you have a lot of work to do. Now, we were talking about shelters, shelter managers and shelter officers. I wonder if you can tell us where some of the maybe a couple of the current shelters are located? OK, not all of them because it's a large, not a large island. But it's, you know, yeah, we actually have two hundred and thirty five shelters island wide. They have been identified. They OK, let us look at a few, few areas. So like I said, most of the schools are shelters. For let us look at within this area, you can look at the Camille Henry school, they come in, Rene, the localary, the lady of Fatima, most of us know it as the La Clarey Church. There is also the Vidbute Sports Club. Which is is privately owned. You look at the Patricia D. James, the Vidbute, the Vidbute School, secondary and primary. So it's it's depending. Also as an example of the Human Resource Development Center, the Chase Gardens Human Resource Development Center is is a shelter. OK. And now you mentioned before we went on the break, briefly on volunteerism. How can one volunteer with with NIMO, with any any disaster, disaster risk management organizations? How can I if I wanted to volunteer, how can I do so? OK, we would love to have volunteers because the whole system is based on volunteerism. And you you can apply. You can go through your district disaster committee who would provide you with the form or you can call us at NIMO and you can register with us. We assign you to a district depending on where you live. Now, and I'm saying this because most people of the opinion that volunteering with NIMO means that you you have to be at the office in busy. The work of NIMO is not at the office in busy. It's on the ground level and it is a rewarding one from what I've heard from from a lot of the volunteers. And I want to thank those of them who have volunteered and who have been with us for all those years. And so after a disaster and even after a disaster and even preparing the work is in the community, you have to have that community relationship, understand your community, understand your people, the trade also because we train those volunteers to train other persons in the community to be able to speak their language, to understand them, to have projects, you know, in the community where they look at disastrous resilience, disastrous reduction. OK, so as you provide training yourselves, there's nothing there's no nothing I have to come in that's that's pretty required of me. No, no. Anyone can just want anyone can volunteer. If you have the skills, we welcome you. If not, we provide you with the skills, right? And some people come with other skills that we don't have that we can learn from and use. That's that's that's a good point. Now I want to talk about early warning systems in St. Lucia. What are some of the the means used for early warning systems? OK, in San Lucia, it depends on your community. Some communities still use the conch shell, for instance, and they the community personally, we still even up to what they like to do. OK, they understand what it means and especially the older folks so they understand that it is a warning. Although some of us, we have grown with the conch shell as fish, right? So they they understand depending on how it's blown and whatnot. We also use the town crier where you go, you use the bullhorn or the loud hail or drive around and provide the message. You can either speak to it or sound the alarm. We also early warning systems can also be a Facebook post and an Instagram post, a WhatsApp post. We also use an application called cap dot cap C-A-P dot C-A-P. It's available in your Google Play Store where anytime there's something serious and it's urgent, we would post that information for persons to receive. And it is not just weather related. For instance, I think during the Badni event, the landslide, we were able to post that with pictures. So if we have the pictures, it becomes available. And we know that there have been quite a lot of people who have done or did that app. So we know it works because you get snapshots of it back. So persons have received. We also have sirens in the communities of Ansleray, Canaries, Dennery and Marshall area. Marshall area for the castries area. So if for instance we have a tsunami or a serious flooding, you were able to sound that alarm to inform persons to evacuate. The siren also comes with a voice prompt that you can speak to the community. Okay. And could you talk a little bit about, this is more on a policy level now. NIMO's role in maybe the appraisal and review of programs and policies aimed at natural disasters. Okay. What we have done is there is something that is mandated by CDMA, the Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency, which is a country work program. We met in 2020 and we were able to put that together. And I say we meaning NIMO, the whole organization. So each agency looks at its area and how it works with disasters, what is required in its area for disasters. And we were able to put that together and to come up with a country work program. So NIMO now would monitor and guide the agencies and say okay, what have you done in this area? How far do you go? What assistance do you need? And so on. Okay. Now we're very close to the end of the program. So my final question to you is actually about national committees. Talk about the role of national committees and when they are activated. The national committees are activated when we have a disaster. Okay. For instance, I want to use the more popular one, the Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis Committee, the Dana Committee. They also do initial damage assessments, which is IDAs. So after, let us use a hurricane for instance or flood we are all familiar with, they would go out into the community and they would make the assessments. They would come to you and they would say, okay, what damages did you incur? What and so on. Now, having said that, the Dana Committee cannot promise you that your house will be fixed. It is to make an assessment to gather the information and then that information would go to the necessary agencies, whether it be equity, infrastructure and so on. The Dana Committee is made up of Ministry of Housing, the District Disaster Committees, Social Transformation Ministry of Equity. So you'll see these people coming to you to be able to get the assessment. You also have the Supplies Committee, which is headed by the San Mocha Cadets. You also have the Transportation Committee. So there are quite a few of them. There are 14 of them in all and they provide that service. So they are basically the working committee of NIMO. And they also work along District Disaster Committee. Okay, I want to thank you very much for appearing on our program. We've come to the end. I hope you enjoyed your time explaining to us what you do at NIMO because it's something I thought that the public needed to know about, especially as we are actually still in the hurricane season. Yes. Again, thank you very much for coming. I hope you can come again at another time, especially to talk about, I suppose, future, I know, off-camera you sort of mentioned the disaster management legislation probably is down the line somewhere, but it will come up eventually. You're watching Issues and Answers, a production of the Government Information Service. Thank you for watching. Please stay tuned to other programming from the GIS and NTN. And thank you again for watching.


Hi everybody, today we have my DEF CAM and DEF CAM project IPCFG network configuration socks with WOTA birdhouse Let's enjoy this presentation Thank you Yes, so it says depth camp and depth conf which is also what's on the schedule Unfortunately, I didn't find as much time during depth conf. So maybe I should have changed the title But I decided that was just not worth it. So this is what I've been doing for most of depth camp I've been Neglecting other things that I promised all people to do because I thought this was really worth it And I'm hoping to convince you that I'm right with that. So we'll see I'll in this talk I'll first talk a bit about where I got the idea of doing something like this It's fairly long story. Well, I'll Keep it short, but it's a fairly long story. Then I'll give you a bit of a theory on how it's supposed to work How I thought this to do this Third point is a bit of status. How far did I get in? Implementing this and finally I'll reflect a bit on things that I think might jeopardize The project as I'm implementing it. I Don't expect many risks, but there are some and I'll Tell you which one was there if at any point during the presentation you have a question Please do not hesitate to ask me immediately because otherwise you might forget then that will be a shame. Thank you So a little bit of history. I've been thinking about this for quite some time In fact the first time I thought some about writing some network configuration tool And it was just a very vague idea that maybe I might want to do this someday was on my way to Helsinki for Depcon 5 Because I was with a borrowed laptop at the time and I hadn't done the configuration It was a lot of work and I was like, why do I have to do this manually? and so over the next few years I Gave it some thought, but I didn't actually do anything and then there was someone called Martin Kraft who I'm sure you all know Thinking about let's do something called netconf and I was like, yes That is fairly close to the what I had been thinking so I during the presentation at Fosdham where I introduced this idea of Implementing this I thought I gave him a few things that I thought were important If you review the video of that presentation, you will actually see me sitting there and making some notes And I thought this is good. I don't have to do anything anymore Unfortunately next year as you probably also know that didn't actually turn out to work because Martin gave up in 2008 the next year So that Revived my idea. I did first try to help him out with netconf in building a C version of that Python code But this is not very much a secret. I'm not a very much a fan of Python So I didn't get very far with that so in 2009 I started working on what I called IPC of G and the first version that I started writing then was well Could be described as a Turing machine of function pointers. I Here's some of you laugh if that is because you think it's a bad idea, but then I fully agree It was a very bad idea One of the main issues with it was that you couldn't easily extend it because it was impossible for any module to Discover what the structure of this Turing machine was a second problem with it was that it couldn't do it if down It could do if up you could bring the network up, but you couldn't bring it down again, which was a bit of a problem I tried to remedy that second problem with my first rewrite in 2010. It was around December. I think and I tried to Well, basically what I did there was add another function pointer But that didn't really solve the basic problem that you couldn't discover what the structure was so that only took about a month or two before I gave that up as well and I basically I totally gave up on the project until Sometime last year when I started working with puppet for a customer and I was like, yeah, this model actually works you have An abstract model which is built into a graph and it applies it to the system and it actually works And I was like, why don't we do something like that for network configuration? And I tried to talk myself out of it like yeah, it's not because of the workshop But that's gonna work for network configuration, but I couldn't really find a good argument why it couldn't work so I started playing with things and basically In June of this year I started doing a little bit of work and on the on the flights here and especially during depth camp I've done quite a lot of some work and I've gotten Well, not not do something that's ready, but I think it's something that has much promise Now, why do I think this is necessary to build yet another network configuration tool? There are many tools out there I if up down is one network manager is one wicked is one there are some others I will come to back to that on that in a minute But why is it important to do this is aren't they aren't there enough tools already? And I think the answer to that is no because none of them actually implements everything That's where configuration tools should do and I'm sorry to say that I think the winners implementation While not perfect is actually better than what we have anywhere in Linux So I listed a few things that the network configuration tool should do in my opinion And there are a fair number of things and the first of one is a boot time configuration Things like bring the network up at boot time before any user has logged in if up down is very good at that You configure some stuff and if up down will bring it up a second point is roaming configuration This is not useful service and desktops like the first one, but it's more useful laptops It can be used on service and desktops, but it's not really what they focus on Roman configuration is something very useful for a system like a laptop that is changed from network one network Do another all the time and would need quite some user input to to be changed Network matcher wicket are examples of software that do that really good a Network configuration tool might have to deal with just one link or might have to do with more than one link a Server typically a router typically will have to have to deal with at least two links A laptop usually doesn't have to do that unless it's my laptop in which case it fairly often has to do that when I Oh Yeah, well somebody on IRC notices that he didn't know marketing abandoned not come well He did actually so he told me so in person. Um, so basically Yeah, single multiple network configuration links is Is something that the network tool may have to deal with if your router you have at least two network links If you have a laptop you probably don't I Sometimes configure a second link because I'm installing a server and I want to do some DHP there and and if I use something something Interactive like a network manager it brings the other link helpfully down because I have second thing there, which is not very useful But I think it shouldn't stop there once a tool has done has brought the network link up It there's more things involved in that I give a few examples here a proxy server for your web browser An SMTP smart host for Middle-user agents that talk directly to an SMTP smart host an online status in An instant instant messenger application. These are just a few examples of things that may need to change in the user environment If you're using if you've done that's not gonna happen if you're using network manager that can happen a network manager can actually Notify some applications that it's there, but it's usually somewhat optional And finally some manual configuration a tool should deal with that properly with manual configuration What I mean is things like you manually say IP address add Something to this interface If I do this and I've got network manager or wicket running then they will helpfully Remove it again because that's not active and we don't need that If you use if up down that works if it down will ignore what you did and it will ignore it so much That if you say bring all my network down that bit is still up because it doesn't know about I think both are failure cases both should be handled more properly than is currently the case so Given a little overview of what I think is involved in that configuration Yeah, go ahead sorry two other things occurred to me with that list one is VPN right yes and Virtual machines, so especially if you've got a host that has Like a dom zero host in Zen terminology with multiple Good point reach interfaces right those types of things to me that is It's on a different level than what I was thinking about But yes, those are also things that a network tool should do and I'm happy to say that my Framework should allow to do such things Although the current code isn't able to do that yet, but that's a different matter So is there a perfect network management tool? Well, I've named the number here. This is not just an arbitrary arbitrary number These are all tools that I've used myself at some point in the past Some of them like network manager has been several years ago, and I don't know much about it anymore But I've actually used all these so if I'm down is good at like I said boot time configuration But it doesn't actually do much more than More than that if you if you Don't have a network interface there, which is configured. It will just ignore it also a shutdown time Which may be a bad thing network manager doesn't do boot up time, which makes it useless for people like me who use Pam Kerberos because It only gives you network once you are logged in so if your Pam module needs network to lock in you can't use it Wicked fixes that but otherwise has the same issue as network manager and it only does one network link it Disables all the network links if you have them it will automatically say oh, there's another one. So we don't need this one anymore And then there's guess that and where am I guess that and where am I both have fully programmable Configuration files of our formats guess that is an extension to if I'm down Which will dynamically change your network configuration based on where you are on what hosts it see sees which makes it somewhat more Dynamic but at a cost of making it significantly harder to configure and It doesn't actually allow you to dynamically add things by just using a GUI. It's all configuration file where am I is Has some features that guess not has but one important feature it misses is that it has bad Interaction with if I'm down so it will break your network in all sorts of interesting ways if you use that Not wisely So is there a perfect network management tool in my opinion not really they all have their flaws they all have their strengths But as it is right now you have to use one tool on this kind of system the other tool on that kind of system Which makes it well you need to remember extra things that you wouldn't have to remember if we could just use one tool for everything so with that Out of the way, I Think I should explain how it works in detail. I've given a little insight on that But how does it work if in detail is fairly well not too complex, but really how Basically how do all network configuration tools work? They all Pretty much do the same thing at first They will probe the system for what the current configuration is this probing may involve reading something from the kernel Or it may involve as in the case of if I'm down reading something from the state file, but they will all Check what the current system say state is then they will decide what to do Is this bring open network interface doing nothing or bringing it down again? That depends on what the user asked and what the configuration file says But they need to make some decision and finally make an actual change I'm Probing is fairly simple. You just ask something from some data from the kernel and you know what you need to do Doing the actual change is also fairly simple. You Write some data back to the kernel and the kernel will magically alter your network configuration stuff The hard part is actually making the decision and there are some strategies involved I mean some available strategies that you can use to make that decision first decision is well, you just do what the config file say or In other words, you don't actually make a decision because if the config file is wrong, then your network is broken That's what if up down does if you have a Stanza there that says bring ETH0 up and you don't have a cable plugged in your ETH0 Then if up down at boot time will just sit there for half a minute or longer until it decides that well There's probably not a DHCP server on this on this non-existing network Which is not fair use You cannot also do something like network manager or Wicked which basically has hard-coded rules about the network It's fairly dynamic in that if you enter something it will respond on that but the rules used for deciding what to do With the user input and with the system the state that is available. Those rules really are fairly hard-coded It's impossible to say I want to add something else to this if it's not really pre-programmed into network managers The third option is programmer Programmable config files such as guestnet and where am I where basically all the Decision-making is left to the user and the programs themselves don't actually have to do much about decision-making That's all they hold all of their strengths and downsides But my question really is why don't we do try to do all of them in one system? you can have a Configuration file that allows you to say Don't do anything beyond what's here You can have defaults that will kick in if you don't have any configuration file currently if you don't have a configuration file for If I've done what it will do is simply nothing you won't get any networking. I think good tool should try Not too hard, but try to some extent to get some working networking by default configuration How I see this is if you have a link on a network interface it should by default try to DHP of that link So you at least have some Some attempts at it at a nest working And for really advanced users having a programmer config file could also be useful. I Don't see why we can't do all three at the same time and that's actually what I'm trying to do So how does IPC FG work behind the scenes? And this is where it gets slightly technical I See Ben saying not just probe but also monitor. Yes, of course, and that's also something that I should do. This is Also reading the kernel state. So how does IPC FG work? It starts by building a directed graph For those of you not familiar with that term graph theory is a fairly extensive subset of Mathematics in which you basically have a system built on nodes, which are states and Edges, which are transitions So I thought why not build a network graph Directed graph of the network state and have any note in this graph can mean a particular state And I've got a number of examples here of what these states could could be for instance We could have a note representing the state that eth0 has been brought up and we don't know what state W1 zero is in because we haven't checked yet or Because the check is running anything like that a Second note could be eth0 is up And we don't actually care about W1 zero that means may mean we may have or we may not have checked But if there is a change in W1 zero, we're not going to change anything because we're still in our note As described by this by this thing So there's a little difference between the two first and I think it's fairly very Important there is an interact connection coming from somewhere from some node is a third one and one that I think could be a good default If we try to reach that as a default Configuration in IPCFG you have a fairly useful network configuration at boot up Without trying to break the system completely For a server the fourth note could be useful eth0 and eth1 both Are fully configured and have a route and now we can do some load balancing over or two or bonding or I don't know what But this could be a useful network state for a server Or finally we could have something saying eth0 has a static IP address configured and everything else is down In this case, we would not allow that balance here to come up if it does come up We would bring it down immediately again Final of the next points are the edges. Yeah, go ahead. Maybe the microphone So it's something that comes to my mind immediately when you say these are the states is that the amount of states You will have to take into account will be huge like a manageable. Yeah, I gave some examples here Yes, if I do implement it this way, it would be huge I'm not entirely sure that I will in fact Implement all possible states it will depend on what the user wrote as configuration if the user doesn't actually define any configuration similar to this one And we probably won't have such a note in the graph The system will only have but I'll come to that back to that in a bit system will only have nodes That are actually useful to reach states that are wanted So if there is no state that is wanted which depends on on that note on that second note Then we don't see it in the system So yes, otherwise is the graph would get unmanageably large and I'm trying to avoid that. Yeah, Gunnar Thanks. Well, yeah, just adding to is that you may have too many states thinking about servers running virtual machines where each virtual machine has a Tune interface to I mean that that can lead to really too many possible states and interfaces Yeah, it's possible. It's something to be thought about But like I said, we I'm certainly trying to to reduce the number of available states But I do think it's useful to have this kind of stuff. Anyway edges would be transitions as that So an edge would not have any Ability to to check whether it is in the current state. It would just simply know my previous state would be something like that and my next state will be something like that and I Need to Perform these few system calls to make sure the edges transition. So that's just basically making the changes so the algorithm of changing the network configuration in this Model with then be first we mark the current state We check we ask every note Are you currently in your state and we find the note which says yes? I am in I am active, but I have no Edges pointing out of me that pointy notes, which are also active that note is assumed to be the current state Then we mark candidate wanted states Wanted states So candidate were not states that are states that are Desirable either through configuration or through defaults as a state we want to go to and they are scored by default States with higher bandwidth would get a higher score than skate states with lower bandwidth So we score them. We order them We find the shortest path from the current state to the wanted states by using the extra shortest path And then finally we just walk the path leading to the highest court state. Go ahead for me another short remark and when you say the bound with us as a Aftermarker for the edge There is you might like to take into account stuff like for example In certain situations, I don't want to use this interface because yeah, I said by default the bandwidth would Have an influence on the score, but the plan would of course be that you could influence that score from the configuration file Of course. Yeah, sure so finally you would then make a change and Yeah, apply your changes by walking the path through the to the graph So that's a big outline of how the system would work What I haven't said is to do this shortest path is The the edges would Have an estimate function so they can say well, I think it's likely or unlikely that I will be able to to To be transitioned that I will be able to to walk there. It can also say it is impossible I know that it will not be possible to do that And this will be used to decide whether or not we will be able to reach a note on the other side of that path So if we also if we do actually try to walk a path and we find that's even though We thought we might have been able to transition over an edge that we find that this isn't actually possible We will then try to recalculate what the the best way out of there is If we find after transitioning all the paths that we don't end up at one of our wanted states The plan is that the current state at the beginning of the process is also marked as a wanted state with with the lowest priority So if we don't manage to end up at a useful state, we just refer it back to the original state again Which might mean that your network is Fiddly for a while, but eventually it should still work again Right status aka when I've had why how now we're going to win Um What if I implemented I've implemented the full graph I've implemented default nodes Implementation and default edge implementation. I have implemented the path mapping So we can actually walk the path of the graph. I've done some non-default notes on Linux Am I detection? I mean it can detect that we have a cable plugged into a network and decide whether or not to walk that path. I Have spent I think two and a half days writing a parser for each C network interface that thing is a bitch to parse, but it works I have written a domain specific language for defining defaults. I can actually show you that to you Except that this will be unreadable so I'm not gonna do that Yeah, so it's basically it's fairly simple. It just decides that this explains that for note with this name You need to use that implementation If you want to insensit that you need to have a note with that name and to get in there You have to use this edge or that edge and blah blah blah And I've written a very basic amount line interface, but that still needs a whole lot of work. It's really not ready yet What's not ready? many many many many node and edge implementations and I Have written a few basic ones just to prove that I think will be possible But before this can actually be useful. We need to have nodes for IPv6 Static IP addresses we need to have notes for the HEP. We need to have notes for auto detection Auto configuration. We need to have notes for legacy IP aka IPv4 We need to have notes for the HPV4 and well, we need to have loads and loads of notes and edges So that's something I will be working on once the basic framework is completely ready, which is almost there But not entirely I need to have a native configuration file format It's as work interfaces has the inherent implement limitation that it is written for if up down and It can't do you can't describe more in there than you can do with you have down and I want to be able to do more with you have Down so I need to separate file format By the way, this is approximately in the order that I am planning to implement it The third one is a feature that I've been thinking about and I think would be fairly useful Which I call IPCFG record The idea would be if you call that Then IPCFG would dump a config file representing the current state of a network of the network configuration So you could then write that config file to some file and then after reboot You could just say IPCFG with that config file and just apply the network state So it's still so it's back to what it was before I reboot it And I think that could be very useful After that, I'm thinking about doing a demon mode in which the system would detect changes and automatically Dynamically reconfigure the system as network manager would do and of course the user tool user level tool to talk to the demon Finally some risks things that I think might be problematic also known as What could jeopardize this first of all? It's implemented in D because I think D is a very interesting language. It has some features that Other languages don't have yet. It's still it's not a scripting language It's it's a compiled language so you can actually wouldn't do it, but there are a few minor issues with the for instance currently The compilers don't exist for non x86 architectures. This is being worked on. Well, sorry compilers exist But the standard library doesn't exist the reason for that is that D has recently seen some Architectural changes and the old D1 library is available for all Debian architectures except the hurt I believe but Whereas the new D2 languages currently only available for x86 architectures like I said, it's being worked on I expect this to be ready by by wheezy plus one so that shouldn't be an issue But I mean I'm not working on it. So it might still be a problem There is currently no ABI in D for shared libraries. That is deep Programs can open shared libraries, but they have to use the C ABI to do that This makes it somewhat harder to you to create plugins For this system using only decode which is something that I would like to support But currently that's not possible again. This is something that's being worked on Third point is some current complicate complication programs with GDC GDC is the Decompiler based on the GNU compiler collection. So it uses GCC as a back-end or the GCC back-end But uses the same front as front-end as DMD, which is the original D implementation, but DMD itself is is proprietary. So it's not in Debian There's some bugs in GDC feed 4.6, which is the first version of GDC which supports D2 So yeah, I think I've filed a few bugs on that, but it's not it's not there yet There's also something called LDC, which is the The same front-end again, but uses the LLVM back-end But that currently is only at D1 so the D2 recent change isn't hasn't reached LDC in Debian yet And then yeah, there's some Issues with template usage and I've actually invoked the OM killer a few times by just compiling a single D file which used a fairly extensive template system These are issues that may or may not be fixed by Weezy plus one. The last one isn't really an issue for Debian itself because I do not intend to upload anything that depends on non-free software into Debian Not even into concept. So if this issue isn't fixed, I mean if the compiler issues aren't fixed It's going to have to wait But at any rate this could be an issue by for implementing it. Well second point obviously I could turn out of time I don't know about that, but if any one of you is interested in this That's where the code is and help is certainly welcome It will also contain it also contains these slides by the way So if you're interested then you can just get them from the get your positive And finally yeah, there might be some issues that I haven't noticed yet that I have I mean it's really not there's still a fairly Young project and there might still be some obstacles down the road that I have that I don't know about yet But that will be all I think Right and that's the end of my presentation. Are there any further questions about system? Yes, Daniel. Go ahead Yeah, I think this is Interesting area that has to be pursued I've used network manager I've also had quite a few machines where I've removed network manager for sure most people have and the current one And it is helpful for the laptop I do use it on my laptop and Someone gave me a USB key You know in another country A couple of times and I've just been able to plug it in and start using it So network manager does have some convenience right and it would be nice to have that sort of convenience in other solutions But I've also seen some very obscure problems created by the network manager for example I've tried installing their ganglia monitor some monitoring agent on some machines Right, you know find that it would run but after you reboot the machine it would not be running and Eventually, I had a look and it was network manager The IP address wasn't there when that particular monitoring agent was starting up and so it wouldn't run It's been patched since a ganglia now works with network manager, but I'm sure there are other Packages that suffer the same way and people pulling their hair out trying to work out why And so these are some of the things to think about one other thing that occurred to me looking at that particular problem is having the I'm not sure what the term is for this, but for having some sort of a funny IP address like a On any on some sort of funny interface that doesn't really do anything But just having some stupid IP address there that's enough for other things to start off So in in this system like I said an active node is a node that is active and has no Parents that are also active, but it is detected by going from the lowest node and working your route So we find a note that is not active and we don't have a cable plugged in there would be a note That is not active and would be somewhere in between and then we wouldn't go further So we wouldn't actually reach that point if we don't have a network cable plugged in or the node is brought down In software, but it doesn't have an IP address. We wouldn't detect that so I don't think that would be an issue So so your model of transitioning between the nodes. Yeah, would actually drive The other in its scripts like the order in which they're executed Okay, no, it would you would run if up dash a and it would then transition the nodes internally It wouldn't start altering scripts by itself. At least not at this point. I might Eventually come up with some extension that does that if that's wondered, but it's not the plant feature at this point Let's put it that way. I do say just said a question about on IRC yes, Ben. I am using lip netlink. I am using netlink to do this. I'm absolutely not using IO controls I am however, not very happy with Libanel Because it's well, it's got a few words it uses a cache to use to talk to the Local kernel because I don't know you might run out of bandwidth to your local kernel or something It's a bit strange, but I'm absolutely planning on using not use on not using our controls at least not our Linux Maybe on the freebies D that could be different.  So do you plan to? Understand or have people write plugins in D to understand every possible type of network interface or do you plan to have some kind of Scripting system you integrate with like we have lots of like bridges which enslave stuff and I find I find that Network interfaces that are different from each other still share some properties abridging interface It's still a friend interface that can be brought up or down It it has slave interfaces. So that's something that a regular interface doesn't have but it still has it The ability to have an IP address still has the ability so those parts don't need to be rewritten Those part don't but the the differences come in between. So that's right. For example, I Plug in the cable and then I actually want the bridge to be coming up right on the HCP Maybe on that interface rather than the interface or so what's the The system would have defaults, but if you have a config file that says on this interface When it's brought up just create that other interface Then that's what would happen. It wouldn't you would be able to disable the default of the HP being of that interface That's the plan. Yes, but then do you need an implementation in IPC FG for all this kind of weird what you would what you would have is How does what would work in the graph is the Maybe let's go back to this other slide Right, so you would have notes that say we have thank you We have interface eth0 and we have interface eth1 You would have a note saying I need to create interface bonds here because we're bonding Which would depend on we have intro eth0 and we have eth1 with a link Once that is active then you would have a note above that saying we need to DHP on this interface Etc. So eth0 eth1 would need to be up before bonds here can be brought up Unless you're doing that the load balancing thing in which case one of them would be enough But so so you wouldn't get the HP on the on the one into how I'm going to do is the question in this specific case would be Where is the logic to bond the two together like in AFAP? Down right now. We have basically scripts that Right, so that logic that logic would be in that particular note, which or in the edges going to the notes From eth0 and eth1 So we need a de-implementation that understand that bridging and yeah, yeah Yeah, but it would only need to understand the bridging specific bit. Do you want to ask something Phil or no, okay? Okay, never mind That answer your question. Okay. Good. Anything else? Let's see blah blah blah Sorry, yeah, there's some discussion on ISE which I was trying to read But it doesn't look like there's an actual filing actual question in there. So Nothing else Yeah, Rene. Go ahead. Just wanted to point out that in case you haven't seen it, there is some work on a library that to you to access IP root tools, but not the tools, but just An access that is similar to IP root for libraries I think it's called the lipanel which you're talking about and I'm actually using it Okay, I think it was a different one. I don't remember the name But it might it might be a different one in that case I would be interested if so if you can write that down and figure out where it was and let me know That's good. If it's lipanel. I'm already using it all trying to anyway Anything else? No more questions? No, nothing on ISE Right, then I will thank you for your attention and see you later