Hello everyone. My name is Samhita. I'm a software engineer and technical evangelist at Union AI where we are trying to make the orchestration of machine learning easy to use. I'm here today to talk about ML Ops with Flight. Remove the barriers to successfully implement machine learning for production workloads. The crux of this talk is to know how machine learning can be productionized using a Kubernetes native platform which in our case is Flight. Let's get started by understanding how ML Ops differs from DevOps. To automate and smoothen the process of software engineering, we inculcate and abide by a set of practices which we call as DevOps. DevOps or development operations refers to bringing together the development, testing and operational aspects of software development. The best practices include continuous integration and delivery, infrastructure as code, monitoring and logging, communication and collaboration and microservices. Dev needs DevOps. Likewise, ML needs ML Ops. However, ML Ops is a superset of DevOps. This is because models could deteriorate over time. Why is that so? Models and data are mutable. They require constant experimentation and iteration. Data could be very complex. It can be huge and it may need to be pulled from multiple data sources. Infrastructure overhead. We may have to take care of the latency, higher processing power, compute requirements and next comes hardware requirements. More often than not, ML code needs GPUs. So we'll have to set up GPUs, take care of the memory requirements, etc. And lastly, we'll also have to take care of the scale of operations, meaning the scalability of machine learning models. We'll have to ensure that. In addition to the previously mentioned challenges, we'll also have to think about ARM, which stands for auditability, reproducibility, recoverability and maintainability. Auditability is the ability to backtrack to the error source when a pipeline execution fails. It also includes data lineage, which means to understand data that's being used and transformed over time. Reproducibility is the determinism of a run. Are we able to reproduce the run given the same set of inputs? Recoverability is the ability to recover when there's a pipeline failure. And maintainability is the iterative development of machine learning pipelines and enabling team collaboration. ML Ops comes with technical debt. If you look at this diagram, ML code is only a tiny fraction of the real world ML systems. We'll have to take care of a lot of components in ML Ops. Say for example, we'll have to take care of resources. We'll have to take care of serving. We'll have to take care of monitoring, etc. And hence, we need a cohesive platform that brings together different components, teams and models onto a single platform. Components meaning the components that I've talked about earlier, say serving, monitoring teams. Because in MO we can have multiple teams pertaining to multiple domains and the teams may want to work together. They may want to collaborate and hence the platform has to support team collaboration, multi-tenancy to be specific. And then models, we usually in machine learning, we usually do not work on a single model. We need multiple models. We work on multiple models. So that has to be supported too. Moreover, we also need an ML Ops platform that is scalable, extensible and reliable. Meet Flight. Flight is a Kubernetes native workflow automation platform for business critical machine learning and data processes at scale. So Flight's built on top of Kubernetes and it's a workflow automation platform that can be used for mission critical machine learning and data processes. The goal of Flight is to provide a reproducible, incremental, iterative and extensible workflow automation platform as a service for any organization. Its focus is on user experience, reliability and correctness. If you look at this diagram, we are separating machine learning. We are segregating machine learning and operations. So on the ML side we have user teams and on the Ops side we have Flight and platform team. User teams usually consist of data scientists, MO engineers and so on and they interact with the machine learning frameworks. And on the platform side, on the Ops side we have platform engineers, DevOps engineers who deal with cloud, cluster management, resource management. So Flight provides the capability to separate ML and Ops, to separate their concerns, to separate their responsibilities. And yeah, that's a very important requirement of ML Ops. The basic entities of Flight are workflow and task. Workflow is a sequence of processes through which a work, through which a piece of work passes from initiation to completion. And task is a fully independent unit of execution and a first class entity of Flight. So simply speaking, workflow is a collection of tasks that are arranged in a specific dependency graph. So if you see this, if you see the diagram, task two is dependent on task one and task three is dependent on task two, which in turn is dependent on task one. So that's how we model a workflow in a task. Let's look at the challenges of ML orchestration that Flight solves. Develop incrementally and constantly iterate at scale. So let's look at the diagram, the steps in the diagram to understand what this means. The first step is to start with a job, be it a spark job, a training job or a feature engineering job. The second step is to scale the job. Third step is to create a pipeline and test it locally. Fourth is to execute the pipeline on demand. Fifth is to run the pipeline on a schedule or in response to an event and sixth is to retrieve the results or the outputs. So this is a generalized pipeline architecture that Flight supports, which in turn helps to develop the code incrementally and also constantly iterate at scale. And Flight also supports having a centrally managed infrastructure, which the platform teams can take care of. So there's a separation of concerns that Flight supports. And hence, we can only have one centrally managed infrastructure that the platform teams can focus on and the user teams can focus on the machine learning models. And Flight also supports access to resources like GPU, CPU and mem through code, so it's infrastructure as code. And it also supports automatic scaling, knobs to control costs, multi-tenancy, architecture, etc. And as for efficiency, it supports spot machines and model check pointing, which we are going to look into later. Next comes in ML, experiments require similar algorithms with different parameters or inputs and hence there can be altering behavior based on inputs. So if you look at this diagram. In the first one, the first diagram, we have input as M1 and this is the graph we have got. This is the dependency graph we have got. And for input M2, the dependency graph is the same as the dependency graph we have got for M1. And for input N, the dependency graph is totally different. We have an additional load and also the dependency structure is different. So this is a very common scenario and machine learning and in flight, this can be addressed using the dynamic decorator. Next comes memoize, recover and reproduce. So let's look at the diagrams again. We have three nodes here, right? We have three nodes, the first two are successful and the third one and the third one we are basically storing the output of it in cache. So when we run the code again, when we run this pipeline again using the same input, what happens is the first two nodes are successful, all right? And for the third node, flight fetches the data from cache instead of executing it instead of re-executing it. That's the advantage with cache. And next comes the recover feature of flight wherein we have pipeline again, right? The first two are successful and the third one failed, the third node failed.  It's not just running, but it's hitting on the recover button that's available on the flight UI that basically runs it again. So the successful executions are copied and flight starts running from the failed executions, but it doesn't run the successful execution. So that's the advantage of using the recover feature in flight. And there's also retries. If you see this, you can set retries in the task decorator. So when you set retries, what happens is it tries to run the pipeline again in the case it fails. Next comes collaboration and organizational scaling. So if you look at this diagram, we have two teams, right? Team A and Team B. Team A has two pipelines which are using a critical or complex algorithm. And Team B has a pipeline which uses the critical or complex algorithm that's available or that's being used or that has been built by team A. And there's also another pipeline wherein, which uses a pipeline that's built by team A. So how flight implicitly provides support for reusability. That's implicitly provided by flight. And for the separation of concerns, there's a concept called project and domain in flight. What happens is project and domain basically mean that, say, let's understand that by an example, through an example. So we have team A and team B, right? So team A pertains to one project and team B pertains to a different project. Now, both team A project and team B project have three domains each, right? One is development, there's staging and then there's production. So that's the project and domain concept. So that's how we can separate the concerns of team A and team B. And as mentioned previously, reusability is implicit. You can just reuse the workflows from different projects and domains. So that shouldn't be a problem. Next comes extensibility of flight. So that's supported by flight. The extensibility is provided at three levels. At user level, at platform level and at organization level. At user level, you can use FlightKit to add your plugins and integrations. At platform level, if at all you want to extend your platform in terms of distributed training supports, sparks, streaming, that's possible through flight back in plugin. And you can also extend organization, say you may want to control cause or you may want to bring capabilities and how that's possible too. Next, let's look at the user level concepts of flight. First comes task. So task is the building block of flight. It's the smallest unit of work in flight that basically accepts inputs and gives outputs, right? And it has a strong type interface. All the inputs have to be typed and it can also map to a backend execution plugin. It's declarative version language and framework independent. Next comes workflows. So workflow is a collection of tasks that are arranged in a specific dependency graph. So a workflow is declarative. It models data flow through tasks. It has a strongly typed interface and yeah, it's declarative version and dynamically recursive. This is an example of a flight code snippet in Python. We have two tasks and a workflow. This workflow is basically it basically encapsulates all the tasks.  So this is the dependency we are basically trying to tell and that's what flight captures. We are also setting cash to true and cash version and the task for the pay multiplier task. And when we modify the cash version, what happens is flight invalidates the previous cash and it tries to run the task again. So that's the advantage of using cash version. You can also run all of this code locally just like calling a Python function by sending the required arguments. If at all you want to scale your code, say you want to specify resources for your tasks, right? How do you do that? So in the task, you just specify your resources, say you want to specify CPUs, a number of CPUs, memory, GPUs, you can do that. And if at all you have Spark code, you can specify the Spark cluster configuration by installing the FlightKit Spark plugin. So Spark configuration and yeah, that's the configuration for the Spark cluster. And you can also specify retries. So you are saying retries as two. What happens is if at all the task fails, it tries to run it again, right? It's two. So it tries to run it twice. If at all it fails again, it runs it again. So it's twice. And then yeah, you can also create a launch plan. Launch plan is basically a plan that flight uses to launch or trigger a workflow. So calculate spend is the workflow we want to associate this particular launch plan with. We are also saying that this is the schedule, meaning run this every 10 minutes. And we are also saying that if at all the workflow fails, send a notification, email notification to the to a set of recipients. So yeah. Next, let's look at workflow modalities. So dynamic is evaluated at runtime whereas workflow is evaluated at compile time. Here's an example of yeah, dynamic workflow. We have a dynamic workflow and we have a furlough within it where we are looping over multi-train, multi-val, multi-test, which are the parameters of this particular task, which are this particular function. So the number of times this loop is going to run is dependent on the length of the list that the user inputs. So that's that's the dynamism. We are that's the dynamism we're I was talking about. So this dynamism is captured by flight at runtime. And that's when the graph structure is built. Right. And also a point to notice within the furlough, we are calling two tasks, one is spread and one is predict. So this dependency is evaluated at runtime. Awesome. So how do you execute and, you know, execute the flight workflows and interact with the flight back then. You can do that through flight CDL, which is the flights command line interface. You can fetch and create executions. You can fetch all the results of your executions. You can visualize your workflow through flight CDL and you can do all kinds of stuff that you want to do with the flight back then. And you can also use a programmatic Python API to interact with the flight back in and that's called flight remote. You can use flight remote to, you know, trigger a workflow or fetch the results and do again do all kinds of stuff. Let's look at a couple of pictures to understand how the flight UI looks like. So here's a graph that's capturing all the dependencies between multiple nodes. And this is a workflow page. So whenever you open a workflow and on the flight UI, this is a typical UI, you know, so we have multiple workflow versions. You should be able to view all the workflow versions. You should be able to view all the executions. And you can also launch a workflow just by a click, just by a click off the button launch workflow button. So when you click on that, a form opens and you can give your inputs. You can also say give a service account that you want to associate your run with. You can also modify your workflow version, the version that you want to use and so on. And this is the error. This is how the error message looks like if at all there's a failure. So this helps with debugging. You can debug with ease and flight also tells if it's a user error or a system error shows you the trace back and the error message. Now what are the features that are what are the features of flight for platform folks. So if at all there's a platform failure, you can recover instantly using the recover button. You can manage your customers transparently. You can set platform by defaults. Project domain resource limits. So you can use spot machines. You can set compute limits. So all these are the features that are available for platform folks. And now let's look at the Kubernetes side of flight. Meaning the architecture. So let's try to understand all the components that are here starting from the user. So the user author's workflows using the flight SDK. User compiles them and then registers them using flight CLI, which is flight CTL in our case registers flight CTL or flight remote. And the registration happens after the registration happens. Basically what happens is the code gets registered and they are now available on the flight admin. So that's where we have all the workflow and task information. The user also builds a Docker container to where all the dependencies are present. And after the registration happens, you say the user wants to trigger the workflow. So what happens then? Flight propeller comes into the picture. So flight propeller is a Kubernetes operator and it's part of data plane. Now flight admin is the control plane and flight propeller is the data plane. So flight propeller executes the workflow, guides the workflow to completion. And during that process it can interact with other Kubernetes operators or it can also interact with other Kubernetes objects. Or some external services and it guides the workflow to completion and stores the result in a cloud blob storage. And flight admin gets the results from the cloud blob storage and shows it on the flight dashboard which the user can view. So this is the basic architecture of flight. Next, let's look at the flight's ML features. First comes intro-adastic pointing. So running multiple epochs or different iterations with the same dataset can take a long time. Hence the bootstrap time may be high and creating task boundaries can be expensive. So we have already looked at retries or recover mechanisms available in flight. Now when you recover a workflow, what happens is it recovers from the failed node but not from within the node. If at all there is a failure within the task, it doesn't know that it just runs the whole task or it just runs the whole node. But in machine learning we can have tasks where there can be multiple iterations within it, multiple epochs. It's compute expensive, time expensive. We may want to capture the exact failure point and run from that point. So in such a case we can use intro-adastic pointing. Flight offers a way to checkpoint progress within a task execution. So how does that happen? How do you do that? So this is a flight task, right? In that you can initialize a checkpoint. It's available in the FlightKit library. And after you initialize a checkpoint, you just have to write the required or the concerning. You just have to write the data to it. And so what happens is this opens up the opportunity to use alternate compute systems with lower guarantees like AWS part instances, GCP preemptible instances, which offer great performance at much lower price points as compared to their on-demand or reserved alternative. That's the advantage of using intro-adastic pointing, especially when building machine learning models. Let's also look at Union ML, which is an interface that's built on top of flight. If you look at this diagram, so we have Union ML app, right? If at all you want to deploy this Union ML app, you can deploy it either on a web app or on the flight backend using FlightKit and Fast API. And there are train and predict end points respectively. So Union ML app provides, it's like the easiest way to build and deploy machine learning microservices, right? Because it's flight compatible, you can easily deploy them and you need not really think about ML ops. Let's look at how the Union ML code has to be written. The anatomy of a Union ML app. First, import the required dependencies. We are also importing the Union ML library. And then initialize the dataset and model here. The dataset that we are using is digits dataset and the model is logistic regression. And then we have to initialize a reader method that basically reads the data or train a method to train the data, predict the data to generate predictions, and then evaluate it to evaluate the model. So pretty much it.  So you'll also have to make sure that you decorate your functions with the required decorators in order to keep it in sync in order to keep the code in sync with the flight backend. Because internally these are tasks and workflows. And this is how you deploy right local if you want to execute locally. It's pretty simple. And if at all you want to create a prediction microservice, that's simple too. Here's an example using fast API. So you just have to trigger the server. You just have to spin up the server, serve the model and then hit the endpoint to get the predictions. Finally, an ecosystem of integrations is what we are planning for. So we currently have integrated Union ML with fast API, but we have plans to integrate it with streamlit and flask. We are also planning to integrate it with other hyper parameter optimization libraries, machine learning libraries, AWS Lambda or serverless and even driven service and so on. Lastly, let's look at a couple of MLops best practices. So retrain models on a cadence. That's very important to keep your model updated. Version your data and code. Have a backup model for generating predictions in the case when the main model fails. Have ML related tests and CI. Sanity check the data, meaning ensure the quality of your data. Monitor your machine learning models. Maintain a clean project structure, meaning segregate your model and data code. Half pre-commit hooks to ensure the quality of your code. Finally, with flight, you can code, ship and scale ML pipelines with ease. Yeah, if at all you want to learn more about flight, your other references, take a look at our website documentation and repo. Thank you very much.


The lie that a kinder, gentler U.S. empire is possible. Minnesota Representative Ilhan Omar has once again been the center of an artificial controversy launched in bad faith over a tweet where she mentioned the United States and Israel in the same breath as Hamas and the Taliban as perpetrators of unthinkable atrocities. We must have the same level of accountability and justice for all victims of crimes against humanity. We have seen unthinkable atrocities committed by the U.S., Hamas, Israel, Afghanistan, and the Taliban, Omar said, while sharing a video of her wildly unsuccessful effort to get a straight answer from Secretary of State Tony Blinken on accountability for U.S. and Israeli war crimes.  Not because it is absurd to compare murderous warmongering regimes like the U.S. and Israel with vastly less destructive regional forces like Hamas and the Taliban, but because it is considered unacceptable in mainstream politics to suggest that the U.S. and Israel are anything other than beneficent powers who at worst make the occasional innocent oopsie. This pathetically mild criticism of a power structure which has killed millions and displaced tens of millions just in the last two decades during a pathetically unsuccessful attempt to get any kind of concession about war crimes and crimes against humanity from a prominent U.S. official drew so much outrage and vitriol from the U.S. political media class that Omar was once again forced to issue another pathetic walk-back of her comments. On Monday, I asked Secretary of State Antony Blinken about ongoing international criminal court investigations. Omar said in a statement on her congressional website. To be clear, the conversation was about accountability for specific incidents regarding those ICC cases, not a moral comparison between Hamas and the Taliban and the U.S. and Israel. I was in no way equating terrorist organizations with democratic countries with well-established judicial systems. And that is it, ladies and gentlemen. That is as far as you are allowed to take criticism of the empire in mainstream American politics. Even that level of feeble, impotent criticism is far outside the boundaries for anyone in the mainstream political media class.  They're not a real thing. If they are literally barred from even meaningfully criticizing the U.S. Empire, let alone actually working to dismantle it, they're a joke. They will never succeed in advancing any kind of real progressive agenda. There's this unspoken and unquestioned assumption among progressive Democrats that it is possible to advance progressive agendas without actually ending the U.S. Empire. That you don't need to actually dismantle the U.S. Empire and strip down its military to the bare bones in order to get nice things like universal health care, a living wage, and more ethical behavior on the world stage. This is pure fantasy. It will never happen. As long as the U.S. is the center of a globe-spanning empire, it will be necessary to keep Americans too poor, too busy, and too confused to interfere with the operation of the machine. You cannot allow a critical mass of Americans to have enough money to spend on political campaign donations, to have enough free time to research what's actually happening in their world, to be sufficiently stress-free to look up and realize that your government is murdering children in your name, and also keep the empire running smoothly. You cannot have an imperialist oligarchy who runs things and also have income and wealthy quality. The empire feeds on oppression, exploitation, ignorance, and blood. It is impossible to dominate the planet with a unipolar world order if you don't use violent force and the threat of violent force to uphold that world order. If you are not strangling people at home and bombing people abroad, then you cannot have an oligarchic empire. Period. The main rift you see on the leftmost end of the American political spectrum is between people who seek an end to the imperialist murder machine and people who just want the imperialist murder machine to give them health care. The first group has a very difficult uphill battle to get what it wants. The second group is just masturbating an impossible fantasy. This is how you can tell who is for real and who is not. Do they want to dismantle the oligarchic empire or don't they? If they do, they're fighting for something real, but the oligarch-owned political media class will not give them a platform. If they don't, they may get a punditry job or a seat in Congress, but they won't ever actually give you anything besides feel-good empty narrative fluff. The solution, as I always point out, is to work together to destroy and discredit the oligarchic propaganda apparatus, which enables the empire to determine who gets a platform and who doesn't. As long as they are able to uplift vapid faux-gressives who pretend it's possible to have a kinder, gentler US empire and marginalize people who actually want to dismantle the status quo, there will never be enough public awareness to force real change. All positive changes in human behavior are always the direct result of an expansion of awareness. So spreading awareness of the fact that there is an oligarchic empire, which is exploiting and deceiving everyone, should be the foremost priority of anyone who wants real change. It's not that you can't beat the machine. It's that you can't beat the machine using the tools the machine has given you.


worked fine but the situation with the live stream kept glitching so I'm reading some of you guys's comments good morning good morning let's just take a moment and acknowledge some people that are in the stream let me know where you're watching from as well as let me know how your fast is going for those of you that are fasting and this is day two I saw somebody in the chat for you it's a day 10 already because you started in January 1st of January on water fast but let me know after you let me know where you're watching from let me know how your fast is going I see people from UK people from Netherlands people from New York, Kansas City, Canada, Romania, come on somebody Romania Vanatchee fasting is about to start Ethiopia what a good slap of an introduction word yeah I know I was listening to myself and I was like wow that's pretty bold pretty bold and so amen this morning somebody said this morning I thought I'm going to die wow yeah sometimes the second days is a little bit rough sometimes the second day is a little bit rough somebody's saying hey I'm doing a partial fast today is day two and I'm feeling okay awesome I'm hungry but waiting on the Lord yeah good posture to be in I see Pastor Ilya come on fast forward day two hunger went out of the window just now close the window quickly because those those hunger pains they could come back and forth for a few days and then afterwards they kind of subside day four here Romania is in the house the fast has been tough on my body and mind by spirit is in love with the Lord again amen Indiana Matthew saying second day fast is doing well so fasting isn't a good thing no fasting is a good thing but it's just you get a little bit hungry day two my head is fuzzy Anisha it's pretty normal Erika from Pasco I'm doing a Daniel fast so I'm doing good but hungry yeah Daniel fast is hard for me I'm sorry for those of you that are doing Daniel fast I I sympathize with you because I don't have the discipline to do a Daniel fast so much harder but it is necessary for so many people and it's it's it's hard but God will give you the grace it's my second my sixth day was the worst I started on January 1st the Lord will sustain from Saudi Arabia on day three I am blessed and enlightened day two going strong amen amen amen thank you guys for sharing your experience this is just encouraging one of the reasons I want you guys to share your experiences because other people that are watching and listening right now that they could also feel encouraged to know they're not the only ones that are going through similar experiences and they're not the only ones that are fasting this is a corporate fast as you know that a lot of Christians do it around the world in January especially in the United States and so so yes it's just really encouraging to hear your guys's responses I'm still reading the comments just for maybe a minute or less before I share the encouragement for today and for that I want to remind you again if you haven't got the fast forward book go to the website we're gonna drop the link in the chat right now and you can download it on the website or you can buy it on Amazon just download it on the website it will come in faster versus on the Amazon because it will take three four days or sometimes five days or two weeks because of the so much back back orders on Amazon right now but I do want to ask you for a favor and I asked yesterday quite few responded quite few of you responded thank you so much if you have read the book whether you downloaded a PDF or you got it on Amazon would you do me a favor and go on Amazon and leave a review take a photo with the book and just leave a review and if you have a good reads account if you can leave a review there as well it will just help other people to discover this you know fasting is not one of those things that a lot of people want to talk about and fasting is not one of those things that is pretty popular you know it's talking about denial and hunger and you know it's not necessarily one of those like hey bless me bless me or some kind of a you know a miracle that happens to you it's something that happens through you that God works through you and so this would mean a lot if you guys help me out and leave a review after you read the book so I have something amazing to share with you I just found out that in our kids ministry at hungry generation our children are taking part of a 21 day prayer and devotional so as the adults are fasting you know we don't encourage children to fast unless you're in Nineveh but other other than that we take the children through a 21 day prayer so what we're gonna do right now is we're gonna drop that in the in on the chat on YouTube and on Facebook I'm sorry Instagram and I'm sorry TikTok but you have to go to YouTube to get that and we will put that below the video in the description where you can download that and have your children print that so you have to have a printer print that and have your children actually go through a 21 day prayer devotional so it's gonna be really awesome because they get a chance to participate with you maybe not in fasting but they can participate in prayer because ultimately the focus is for the children as well to be connected to the Lord so that you can present to your children say hey mommy and daddy or daddy is you know we're fasting we're disconnecting ourselves from the things that we usually depend on and with the purpose to get to know Jesus more and then you can give them these things there are things to draw there are things to answer it's just very kid friendly for children and I believe that you will find it extremely beneficial for your children so the link is in below the video on YouTube and on Facebook as well as on YouTube we will leave that video and you can go anytime even afterwards and download it and you can find it extremely beneficial I'm very grateful that our kids ministry created that and I think that I see a lot of our kids I see the pictures of our kids right now our parents actually are sharing the pictures of their kids you know participating in a prayer devotional so that's really awesome I have my my two fasting essentials right here the word and the water the word and the water so this is my water I'm not promoting this this is just the one that I have in my house and so but yeah these are the two things that I believe are essential to fasting you know the Bible and drinking water and so it's very important that you stay hydrated and that you are staying in God's word and that you are staying reading praying worshipping repenting confessing and just really filling yourself with God's word and so the common symptoms that you are feeling today especially you know are pretty common headaches and sometimes you feel a little bit fatigued or a little bit tired and so make sure that you take enough time to rest and make sure that you also take you drink a lot of water and especially if you had caffeine dependency and you stopped caffeine cold turkey that means that most likely around on a second day you start feeling the effects on your on your body and so just persevere don't give up sometimes and we will talk in one of those days about emotions how our emotions go crazy during fasting I experienced that in the first few days and so I've learned through manage my emotions and to submit them to the Lord and not to give too much attention to them but it's also very important about that so we will talk about that in next few days today what I would like to do is I want to talk about the marks of a mountain top people the two marks of the mountain top people writing off of what we talked about yesterday if you didn't admit if you didn't watch the stream yesterday please go back and rewatch the stream yesterday in yesterday's stream I talked about the fever of fasting so I came back from Romania I got sick and what happened was that I started having fever and so what I learned a little bit later nothing new I knew about this but it was just a good refresher that a fever is your body raising a temperature so that it could fight certain infections or certain enemies within your body because these infections viruses are bacterias they can't survive some of them cannot survive in a higher temperatures and so when you increase the temperature guess begin what begins to happen is that some of those sicknesses they begin to die out and some of you saw yesterday you know my lips were really swollen cuz I had some kind of an infection that even though I didn't have fever anymore but I still had an infection that my body was fighting and removing you know God designed our bodies in such a way that when you get sick your body actually goes to war and goes to fight those foreign things that are trying to attack your body and all you have to do is try to encourage the body and stay out of its way and what the doctors usually do is just they just really just give a chance for the body to do its work and what I mentioned yesterday is that when you are fasting a lot of times what happens is spiritually you're increasing heat in your life and then what begins to happen is that certain things in your life begin to be removed you know the Bible says but this kind does not leave except by prayer and fasting meaning when prayer and fasting increases the heat in your spiritual walk with Christ certain things that may be lying dormant that are maybe secretly stealing your joy stealing your walk with the Lord stealing certain things they get exposed and they get expelled and so fasting and prayer has a very powerful effect on your spiritual sanctification so today I'm gonna go a step further from the same story in Matthew chapter 17 verse 17 Jesus comes down from the mountain he just on the mountain was transfigured you know Moses Elijah showed up and he comes down from the mountain his face is not shining anymore like it was on the mountain he's coming back with his three disciples he's seeing the problem on the bottom of the mountain where the rest of his nine disciples are trying to cast out a spirit from a little boy and they're failing to do so they're not able to do that and instead of you know looking for other ways to cast out this demon or maybe praying they are debating with scribes and Jesus says the following he says then Jesus answered and said a faithless and perverse generation how long shall I be with you how long shall I bear with you bring him here to me so Jesus is confronting and really describing a generation that is weak a generation that is not walking in power a generation that is not walking in the authority and it has two words to describe this generation faithless and perverse now when it talks about when it speaks of faith we know that it's referring to our connection to God when it's speaking of perversion or perverseness it's speaking with our connection to the world so if we could in a very simple terms highlight two problems that exist in a powerless generation and that is they are disconnected from God faithless and they are connected with the world meaning they're deeply connected with the world faithless meaning the connection between them and God is broken it's not there perverse meaning the connection between them and the world is very solid it's very it's very good the reception is very good between them and the world and I think this is the dilemma that we are facing guys not only in the world it's the dilemma we could be facing personally in our own life disconnected from the Lord and too connected deeply connected to the world and so what is the solution for that very simple Jesus actually right after that he confronts his disciples you know when they ask him about why they couldn't cast out the demon they said because of your unbelief and ta-da-da and then he says this he says but this kind shall not go out except by prayer and fasting interesting prayer reconnects you to God and fasting disconnects you from the world so Jesus is giving us two secrets to living a powerful life to living a life filled with power and this these two secrets is prayer meaning connecting to God prayer is not just for the sake of prayer prayer is is our connection to the Lord it's us talking to God worshiping God confessing our sin presenting our requests to him it's us adoring him it's giving him thanks all of that is prayer fasting is when we're disconnecting ourselves from the things that our body depends on the good things but they do come from the world the food comes from everything that we see our bodies are physical they are decaying they are dying and they are also one day will die until the Lord is gonna make them into a new bodies and so what happens with fasting is you're disconnecting yourself from the world you're disconnecting yourself from where you are most connected to the world every single day where you are most connected to the world is true food now food is not evil food is not bad food is a gift from God but may I remind you that humanity's first temptation was with food it was the forbidden fruit may I remind you that Jesus his first temptation was with food and may I remind you when Israel came out of Egypt their temptation was with food they didn't have water for three days they struggled to find food for three days and they started to grumble and complain and so if you are too deeply connected to the world this could be a sign you are not super connected to God and this could be the source of your personal defeat in order to overcome these defeats we have to get rid of unbelief and we have to get rid of perversion perverseness we have to how do we do that by understanding that unbelief is a broken connection with God and to be perverse is to have an unbroken connection to the world so as you begin to break the connection with the world and you begin to mend your connection with God spending extra time in prayer extra time in the word extra time reading or watching things that are spiritually refueling you and disconnecting you know from food or some other things then what begins to happen is that you're recharging recalibrating and you're resetting your spiritual batteries and thus God's power is gonna flow more freely through you so the source of their defeat was unbelief and then Jesus says that this generation is faithless and perverse so mountaintop people have two qualities about them they are connected and they are disconnected number one they're connected to God their connection is strong to God and number two is they are disconnected from the world that means that they have a hate relationship with the world the world has been crucified to them and they've been crucified to the world now the Bible says that we are in this world but we are not off this world that means that we we still have to live in this world we have to eat we have to take care of our bodies all of the stuff that has its place but when we begin to deepen our connection to God and we begin to take seasons in our life like we are doing right now and we disconnect from the things of this world the good things of this world the bad things of this world because some of us as you are you know putting the foot away you're realizing you know there's a lot of times maybe you've spent on entertainment or a lot of times you spend on social media and you begin to trim that you begin to cut that back and it's very healthy to take a season of your life to recalibrate and to begin to break certain habits that have become toxic or become become habits that drain your spiritual power that you have in Jesus and I'm not saying that you don't have that power anymore but you can't release that power if you are deeply connected with the world and barely connected to God so that's what prayer and fasting goes together it's not just fasting fasting without prayer is starvation but when you add fasting to prayer it just it's like atomic power it it's explosive because the source of our defeat is not only lack of connection to God it's a deep connection to the world because rarely can you stay disconnected from God and disconnected from the world how I know about myself is the moment my connection to God weakens my connection to the world gets stronger and stronger the moment my connection to the Holy Spirit gets weaker my connection to the world gets stronger and so what fasting and prayer does is that through prayer through reading of God's Word our connection to God gets stronger and you will notice right away that your connection to the world gets weaker and so when you intentionally fast then you pretty much aggressively teaching your soul say hey this is a time to disconnect this is a time to unplug this is a time to experience a spiritual detox where you take all the garbage out where you cleanse your system not only your body but even your soul from all these extra influences of the world first few days might be hard but after that you know your body kind of adjusts it begins to those of you who are doing a water fast your body begins to eat off of its backup sources which most of us not speaking for everyone but most of us have plenty of and your body begins to feast because it still eats and then your soul your spirit begins to eat and feast because you're feeding it with God's Word your clarity is gonna be your mind is gonna be so much clearer your sensitivity to the Holy Spirit is gonna be way stronger and so just want to encourage you to not give up during the first few days where it's slightly difficult it's more challenging but to persevere to not give up and remember that God is restoring your spiritual sources your God is renewing that power that He has given you and you'll be able to release it because you're connected and disconnected people who are not on the mountain top they are usually deeply connected with the world and loosely connected to God and we have to do it the opposite amen so I hope this was an encouragement to you if this was drop number one in the chat now I'm going to read for our each day that we have in our book we share concerning the tips of fasting the physical tip of fasting and also and also share our prayers for that day for fasting and I'm going to be also giving you the scriptures that are recommended to read during the fast so the health tip or the fasting tip on the page 13 this stage is when your body transitions into a fasting mode and for many people it's the most challenging did you guys hear me for many people this is the most challenging part of their fast this stage is where you start to feel the hunger pangs as you skip your regular mealtime routine and so you just don't want to give up unless of course you're unbearably sick the scriptures that I'm going to drop for you guys you can get them from the book if you download the book on the website or if you already got it from Amazon the scriptures are Deuteronomy chapter 4 verse 24 Hebrews chapter 12 verse 29 Luke chapter 3 verse 16 Psalm 104 verse 4 Romans 12 verse 11 Leviticus 6 12 Revelation 3 15 through 20 and make sure that you take time to read the devotional part about going far to get the fire it will really inspire you in each day of the book the devotional part I share also some of the practical examples of fasting and just to kind of encourage your faith it's very personal a lot of that stuff is very like very private stuff that I usually don't share on the pulpit and so but you will really feel encouraged I really believe as you read through that and now I'm going to read this prayer that I believe the Lord wants us to have today for this day you don't have to follow this prayer you can make your own prayer but I'm just gonna read it Heavenly Father thank you for your call on our life help us to surrender to you every fear and limitation that prevents us from walking closer to you we're making a decision today to seek you we surrender we will allow you to take us where we're not comfortable going in order to know you and to bring others to you to be saved amen Lord I pray right now for every person that is fasting that is right now Lord standing in the gap Lord as I prayed even this morning and I pray right now in this live may you strengthen the feet the knees the hands the hearts of people that have chosen to pursue you Lord our desire is not to be like Pharisees who blow a trumpet about our fasting Lord we want to be disconnected from the world and we want to be connected to your word we want to be connected to you Jesus we want our connection to you to get stronger and better Lord we want a sensitivity to your voice that we did not have before Lord we want a leading of your spirit that maybe we didn't feel before we want you to have more of us and Lord we want to have less of us we want to decrease so you can increase and Lord I pray that as we take time to pray and worship even when it's hard and we have a headache and or maybe we have just this hunger pains Lord I pray that we will not focus too much on the food we will not focus too much on our stomach we will focus on your spirit that we will remember God that we are not bodies but we are spirits living in the body and there are bodies shouldn't dictate what we do it shouldn't dictate our decisions Lord I pray for those that are right now watching and rewatching this Lord who are believing for their families who are believing for their healing who are believing for breakthrough in their ministry and in their finances Lord God I pray would you give breakthrough in their personal life first would you bring a shift would you bring a deeper connection and a deeper disconnection with things that they should be disconnected from and connect them to things they should be connected to I bless them God in the name of Jesus Christ may us may we be mountain top people may we deal in the valleys with the wisdom and the anointing we received on the mountain top in Jesus name amen amen if you receive that prayer come on drop number one in the chat there's about 1400 people watching right now together on Facebook and YouTube as well as an Instagram some of you folks and on tiktok I'm going to take just a few minutes because I know that some of you already were waiting because our livestream glitch I really appreciate you guys his patience and the fact that you stuck around and stayed our stream was fixed and it's better now so I'm gonna go through about five six questions and answer them if you have not got the book check out get the book on the website or an Amazon and I asked you for a big favor make sure that you drop the review on Amazon or on Goodreads and we also gave you a link to download a study guide for your children to participate in a 21-day prayer so we don't encourage children to fast but for the children to take a 21-day fasting excuse me prayer devotional it's just designed for children and so the link is below the video make sure you check it out if you may be just joining live right now and you missed it it will be really beneficial for your children to be introduced to a season of prayer and the season of fasting so they don't have to fast of course but but you can give them an explanation and guide them through their own pursuit of Jesus them connecting with Jesus and disconnecting from I don't know maybe watching videos or something so question one is are you all fasting for 21 days without without one time meal so whoever asked the question all of us are fasting differently some people are fasting non-stop water 21 days some people are doing it every other day you know full day then take eat one day then full day again some people are doing it where they just eat one time some people are abstaining from certain types of foods especially those that are pregnant nursing or on medication and in some people they are just you know drinking juices but they're not eating so we outlined five different types of fast you can choose from on our website you can go on the website and check it out but we would encourage you to prayer fully consider what kind of a fast you should do for 21 days I am not suggesting under no circumstances that every person should be doing what I'm doing or what other people are doing or that every person should be doing a 21-day water fast but if the Lord has placed on your heart to do a water fast take courage be strong you're not gonna die you're gonna be fine if I am doing a Daniel's fast can I eat cereal that says it has vitamin E with mixed toco their roles I don't know honestly I have very little knowledge about Daniel's fast which is my fault I will improve on that that's something that's my goal is to also study this little bit more my issue with done Daniel's fastest it's not really in the Bible it's like Daniel's morning he was mourning for 21 days he wasn't really fasting for 21 days and so he didn't eat sweets and he didn't eat meats and he didn't you know put oil on his face and so that's really all that the Bible tells us there's it's very very little information about that kind of a fast and so so that I don't really have an answer for that I would just discourage you know eating anything that's bread or dairy meats definitely you know alcohol shouldn't be drinking alcohol at all but I know some people actually who had no issue with alcohol you know like they just drink once in a while and but they would take a fast and it would stop drinking for 21 days all the alcohol you know and then after 21 days it became their lifestyle so that's something that maybe you can consider as well for those of you who are doing a 21-day fast and Daniel would really encourage you to stay away from all kinds of sugary drinks caffeine alcohol and stay away from meats sweets dairy and bread that's from my understanding what Daniel fast entails pretty much all that is left to eat is stuff that doesn't taste very good all the vegetables and fruits taste really good especially right now unsweetened peppermint tea okay yeah I don't see a problem with drinking hot hot water or adding a little tea for just the flavor of it when you're fasting on water I'm not having issues with the food it's smoking cigarettes for me now I am trying to quit smoking while on this fast is this a smart move yeah that's definitely gonna be hard and so sometimes what I found out is when people do a biblical fast and they add to that biblical fast their desire to be free from smoking they see a greater breakthrough versus people who would say hey I'm not gonna fast but I'm just gonna fast cigarettes for 21 days you have to understand one thing about smoking is that smoking is not something good for your health every doctor will tell you that every smoking package will tell you that it produces cancer it hurts you and it will hurt you so quitting smoking is not necessarily a sacrifice I'm sorry to put a point blank for you you're not sacrificing anything you're actually preserving and protecting and helping yourself and and you can and I know that it's there's an addiction and component in involved in it sometimes it's actually spiritual and I would encourage you to actually take a fast you know maybe not all 21 day water fast but take some kind of a fast to help you quit that and to humble yourself before God and of course you know renowned smoking remove smoking get rid of smoking choose not to smoke you will have withdrawals probably but if you're fasting as well the Holy Spirit can give you the grace and the straight I've known few people who struggled smoking for a long long time and they took a fast not just fast from smoking because that's not really a fast fast biblical fast is fasting from food not fast from smoking but they took a fast from food believing in God to set them free from smoking and they've experienced that deliverance I really believe that during this fast it's one of my prayers a lot of deliverance will take place a lot of deliverance will take place of habits that are connected to your flesh like drinking like smoking like addiction to pornography those who are maybe just consumed with media and you're just numbing yourself all the time with entertainment and you don't find any desire to read the word I believe God is gonna spiritually to reset you you might go through a little tribulation during this fast during a little temptation but God's gonna break something off I really believe in that God gave me that word last year one of the reasons to lead people into a fast is there will be a release of freedom there's so many people have not received because not everything is a demon some things require our flesh and the flesh need to be subdued flesh needs to be crucified and so yeah can you explain what kind of a fast I can do how many dames with no food and what kind of a food or drink I can eat and drink so I am not your Holy Spirit so I cannot tell you what kind of a fast you should do I can tell you what kind of a fast is in the Bible what kind of a fast you can do and I ask you that you talk to the Lord and then you choose that it is not my place first of all I'm not a medical professional secondly I am not your I'm not your Holy Spirit Holy Spirit has to be the one to guide you and so this is not something where you know one shoe that fits all some people are in the different places in their health and some people are in different places in their walk with God and so I would just encourage that you take 21 days to do some kind of a fast to draw closer to God and that whatever fast that you do that you don't just choose what's easiest but you ask the Lord what is he leading you to do and that you practice wisdom that's all and so and then whatever you do remember it's not gonna be easy but God will help you how many times a day should we pray and how long the Bible says to pray all the time my personal preference is to set a particular time I like to do it early in the morning so today around five o'clock that you know I woke up and I went for two hours just to kind of I read takes me longer to read now because I sometimes say I enjoy it and save with it more when I'm fasting and then just worshiping God pray praising just loving and Jesus ministering to the Lord and then I finish my prayer time with praying for I have about five six needs that I'm believing for most of them are with church with the ministry and few personal ones and so and then if I have time during the day I could do exactly the same and so there is no formula you just want to spend as much time with the Lord as your time allows it especially now that you're not eating you have a little bit more time a lot of people mistaken they're fasting time to say oh now that I'm not eating I can do more work that's not the purpose of fasting so you can get more work done I'm not saying you shouldn't work at all I work even during fasting but you should focus more on prayer and on the Bible or reading of God's word instead of just trying to catch up with more work I am purpose actually during this time you know took only one class in the university instead of three so instead of doing a full-time school I took only one for few reasons one of them is that I want to give some time adequate time emotionally spiritually mentally to the time of fasting I was scheduled to speak at one of the speaking engagements and I canceled it that's not a formula for everybody to do that but I'm like I just want to be available for this time and plus I'm also streaming so I am working to some degree when I'm sharing with you but I also want to take as much time as possible to read the word I read some other devotional books and to spend time in prayer I pastor what is the easiest way to transition from a 21 day fast into a 40 day fast what do I need to do to prepare for extension so how I actually transition I was I started to do my 21 day fast I think was a two years ago or a year ago and that fast on the sixth day I transitioned to a 40 day fast so really what I did is I just continued past 21 days to 40 days and so that's really what I did but you really really really want to see God's leadership and guidance on that if you started the fast and you sense the Lord leading you to a 40 day fast I pray that God will guide you but lean on the leadership of the Holy Spirit make sure that you consult with your your spouse don't just or if you live under your parents care or that you consult with your parents as well let them be aware so that you're not just because some people can become very nervous for you when they notice that you constantly losing weight and you're not eating and so just the people that need to know just make them aware and God bless you good luck it's a it's a long journey then the 21 day fast seems like a piece of cake honestly when you set your mind on 40 21 days seems nothing but when you set your mind on 21 days then three days seem nothing seven days seems nothing everything just seems so quick so it's just all about perspective eating once the day after 6 p.m. should I eat carefully for my health care so if you are eating once a day yeah you should eat very lightly you should not like stuff yourself and try to eat three meals in one because you you pretty much destroying the very effect of fasting you know and you're following in the gluttony the desire for food so I would just highly encourage just to eat light some people just eat a little bit of rice and and some other vegetables but you know don't stuff yourself that the goal is not to stuff yourself the goal is to stay hungry amen alright so I think we've spent quality time answering these questions guys I'll be back tomorrow and we'll answer more questions we will talk more tomorrow about other things and so thank you so much for being here thank you so much for agreeing to do this and thank you for saying yes to the Lord and saying no to the world I believe the great results will happen in our spiritual walk and they will happen in my life I believe they will happen in your life if you haven't joined the fast yet hey it's not too late jump on the wagon right now jump on the train right now let's do it and you can still reap the benefits of this fast I'm gonna be with Isaiah Saldovar tonight on his podcast and so for those of you guys I think we're gonna be streaming on my YouTube as well so if you are doing nothing just join in and watch and be blessed in Jesus name God bless you guys until next time till tomorrow


Good evening as friends, welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankara AS Academy for the date 4th of September 2022. Before getting into the news analysis, I have an announcement to make. See pre-storming test series batch 1 is going to start at Shankara AS Academy's Annanagar branch. The test series consists of a total of 66 tests. It includes both CSAT, GS and MAC test. The batch starts on 12th September 2022. And all the tests will be conducted in offline mode on the scheduled dates from 2pm to 4pm and it will be followed by a live discussion from 4.30pm to 7.30pm. The students who missed the offline test can take the test online after two days. For students who are taking the test online will be provided recorded discussion videos. You can take the test online only until the start of Shankara AS Academy's mock test that will be held before Palms 2023. Displayed here are the list of news articles we will be going through today. No without wasting much time, let us start our discussion. Take a look at this news article. This news article talks about Nanouria and the article reports that Nanouria is fast paced for commercial application without being fully tested. So in this context, let us quickly go through Nanouria and its applications in Prillim's perspective. Before that, know that Urea is a chemical nitrogen fertilizer. It is white in color and it is a source of nitrogen. We all know that nitrogen is an essential nutrient crucial for crop growth and development. See after the development of settled agriculture, what we do is we cultivate the same piece of land again and again. So what happens here is since we cultivate the same piece of land again and again, there is a loss of nutrient from the soil. So we have to externally apply nutrients to maintain the fertility of the soil. This is why we apply Urea, which is a good source of nitrogen to the soil. Know that Urea is manufactured artificially by reacting natural gas, atmospheric nitrogen and water together at high temperature and pressure to produce ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ammonia and carbon dioxide are then reacted at high temperature and pressure to produce molten liquid Urea. Remember, Urea is the most important nitrogenous fertilizer in the country because of its high nitrogen content. It also has industrial applications such as production of plastics and as a nutritional supplement for cattle. So because of its importance, the central government even pays subsidy on Urea to fertilizer manufacturers. Central government pays the subsidy on the basis of the cost of production at each plant and the units are required to sell the fertilizer at the government set maximum retail price. But the issue here is that these highly subsidized Urea are illegally diverted for non-agricultural and industrial purposes by many private entities. It is because of this reason, IFFCO that is the Indian Farmers Fertilizer Cooperative introduced Neem Quoted Urea. See Neem Quoted Urea is Neem Oil Quoted Urea specifically developed only to be used as a agricultural fertilizer. The coating of Neem also slows down the nitrification of Urea so it helps in increased absorption of nutrients in the soil as well as reduces groundwater pollution. Along with the Neem Quoted Urea, the IFFCO has recently introduced another form of Urea fertilizer which is nothing but the Nano Urea. Now let's see about Nano Urea. See Nano Urea is a nanotechnology based agree input which provides nitrogen to plants so it is nothing but Urea but in nano size. Its size is as small as 20 to 15 nanometer and this size increases its availability to crop by more than 80%. Talking about its application, see they are sprayed directly on the leaves. They enter into the leaves through the stomata and other openings and once they enter into the plant leaf they get assimilated by the plant cells. The Nano Urea has the property to easily distribute throughout the plant through the phloem of the plant. See phloem is a duct in the plant that transfers food materials. The plant utilizes the nitrogen and the extra unutilized nitrogen is stored in the plant vacuole. See vacuole is also a cell organelle which helps in water management in a plant cell. See this is how Nano Urea works. The use of Nano Urea has specific advantages associated with it. Now let's see the advantages. See as I already said due to its small size and more surface area to volume ratio the IFFCO Nano Urea particles are easily available for crops. Hence they increase crop yield. Secondly they increase farmers income. See Nano Urea leads to increase in farmers income due to reduction in input cost, better crop yield and better quality of crop produce. Thirdly Nano Urea also provides better food quality. It is said that nutritional quality of the harvested produce after the use of Nano Urea is better in terms of protein and nutrient content. Then Nano Urea helps in the reduction of chemical fertilizer use. See we already saw that the liquid Nano Urea is directly sprayed on the plant leaves. Traditionally Urea comes in white pellets which the farmers throw with their hand in the field. What is the negative of this traditional method of Urea application is this is highly wasteful because only some amount of Urea is taken up by the plant and the rest are washed away by the water runoff. But after the use of Nano Urea which is applied directly on the leaf the efficiency of Urea use is highly increased. See the IFFCO claims that one bottle that is 500 ml of Nano Urea can replace one traditional bag of conventional Urea. So Nano Urea rationalizes application of bulk nitrogenous fertilizer like Urea. And finally Nano Urea helps in minimizing the environmental fruit mint by reducing the loss of nutrient from the agricultural field in the form of leaching and gaseous emissions which used to cause environmental pollution like eutrophication and climate change. See these are the advantages of the use of liquid Nano Urea. So that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion first we saw what is Urea and why we use it for agricultural purposes. Then we saw some points about neem coated Urea. After that we saw some points about Nano Urea and its advantages. With this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Have a look at this FAQ article. This article talks about Bail and other provisions in the Criminal Procedure Code 1973 with specific reference to women. This is in talk because the Supreme Court recently granted Bail to activist T-sta Settlevar. She was arrested by the Gujarat police in June 2022 on the charges of forgery and fabrication of evidence in the 2002 Gujarat riots case. Let's not get deeper into this issue. First we will see about Bail, its types, women specific provisions in CRPC as discussed in the article. The syllabus regarding this discussion is highlighted here for your reference you can go through it. First let us see what is Bail. The word Bail comes from the French word Bailer which means to give or to deliver. It generally means the procurement of release from prison of a person who is awaiting trial or on appeal. It is done by the deposit of security to ensure his submission at the required time to a legal authority. In simple terms it is just the temporary release of the accused person in a criminal case. But this can be done only when the trial is pending and the court is yet to announce the judgment or it can be done when an appeal is pending before the court. Here the security deposit is known as a Bail bond. That may be cash or papers giving titles to property or bond of private person or a professional board span or a bonding company. The surety or security is demanded because if the person who is getting Bail doesn't surrender himself or herself at the appointed time then the security can be forfeited. Now in India criminal procedure code 1973 deals with Bail. In CRPC the definition of Bail is not given but it clearly defines Bailable Offences and Non-Bailable Offences. Now let's have an idea about these two. First is Bailable Offences. As per section 2A it is an offence which is shown as Bailable in the first schedule of CRPC or which is made Bailable by any other law for the time being in force. This includes offences of less serious nature with punishments as 3 years or less imprisonment. In these types of offences getting Bail is considered as a right of the accused. Some examples of Bailable Offences are theft, bribery, cheating etc. Then comes the Non-Bailable Offences. As per section 2A it is all those offences which are not termed Bailable. So they are offences of serious nature that means the punishment is high. It could be even life imprisonment or a death sentence. In these types of offences Bail is not considered as a right but the court has the discretion to grant Bail after hearing the facts of the case. Some examples of the offences are rape, homicide etc. With this information let's see the type of Bail Moon by One. First is Bail in Bailable Offence. Now in CRPC it is provided under section 436. Here it is mandatory duty on police as well as the court to release the accused on Bail. So the court or the police has no discretion in this matter. This means the accused person is entitled for Bail as a matter of right here. And if the court deems fit the accused may be granted Bail with or without surety. This is applicable to all persons other than those accused of a Non-Bailable Offence. The second one is the Bail in Non-Bailable Offence. It is called as Regular Bail. Here when a person is accused or suspected for the commission of any Non-Bailable Offence and then he is arrested and detained without warrant and then he appears or brought before a court he may be released on Bail. Now this power to grant Bail is provided under two sections namely section 437 and section 439 of CRPC. Section 437 empowers the magistrate or the officer in charge of the police station to deal with questions of Bail and grant it whereas section 439 empowers the high court or the court of sessions to do the same. Next comes the anticipatory Bail. It is dealt by section 438 of the CRPC. It is nothing but a Bail granted before an arrest or in the anticipation of arrest when a person has the reason to believe that he or she may be arrested on an acquisition of having committed a Non-Bailable Offence. It is granted by the high court or the court of sessions based on certain factors like the nature of offence etc. Next comes the default Bail. It is also called as Mandatory Bail or Statutory Bail. It is granted under section 167 class 2. It mandates that if the investigation is not completed within the speculated maximum period of 90 days or 60 days then the accused is to be released on Bail whatever may be the nature of the accusation against him. Other than these you would also have heard about the interim Bail. See this is generally granted during pendency of regular or anticipatory Bail application. It may be granted when the court is satisfied that the object of the accusation is to injure the reputation of the accused person and humiliate him. This Bail is consistent with the fundamental right to life and liberty under article 21 of the constitution. With these basics let us briefly see what the issue mentioned in the FAQ article is. It talks about the interim Bail granted to the activist P. Sta Settleward under section 437 of CRPC. Remember it deals with regular Bail. While considering the Bail the peculiar facts are taken into consideration. Mainly the activist being a female was taken as a factor to grant interim Bail. This is because as per this section court may grant Bail in certain circumstances. This include if such a person is under the age of 16 or if the person is a woman or if the person is sick or infirm. Other than this if the court is satisfied that it is just and proper to grant Bail for any other special reasons then the Bail is granted. So it is as per law only the activists Bail was considered. Now taking this opportunity we are going to see other woman specific provisions in CRPC that is provisions where special consideration are given to women. First is section 160. This section deals with a police officer's power to require attendance of witness. Generally a witness has to appear before the officer whenever required. But in case of woman witness here the officer has to go to the place where she resides to make enquiries. Second is section 46. This deals with how arrest has to be made. Generally during arrest the officer can touch or confine the body of the person to be arrested. But in case of woman accused the police officer shall not touch the woman for making arrest. Rather an oral intimation of arrest has to be given to obtain the woman's custody. But an exception here is a woman police officer can touch the woman accused. Further to ensure the safety of woman who is arrested an amendment was brought in place in 2005. After this as per class 4 of the section arrest of the woman after sunset or before sunrise is prohibited. Here also there is an exception. Woman police officer can obtain prior permission of the judicial magistrate to arrest a woman after sunset or before sunrise. Next is section 47. This deals with searching of a place by police officer to get hold of the accused. Now if the accused is in a premises or apartment having woman then the officer just simply cannot break open the apartment and enter it. Further they have to give notice of entering and alert the woman so that they can withdraw from that place. So you can understand that these sections ensure the safety of women and make sure that they are not harassed by the police officers. Now after listening to this discussion inform about these legal rights to the woman in your life. Let them know when and how a woman can be arrested and also they can get bail under section 437 for non-bailable offence citing the factor that they are women. So that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw what is bail, the types of bail and we also saw woman specific provisions in CRPC. With this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Take a look at this news article. Then article talks about the appointment of Justice Chandrachuth as the executive chairperson of NALSA. In this context let us see what is NALSA and what are all its functions. The syllabus regarding this discussion is highlighted here for your friends. You can pass the video and go through it. See NALSA refers to National Legal Services Authority. Now let's see about its constitution. It is constituted under the section 3 of Legal Services Authorities Act 1987. Then coming to its presiding offices. The Act says that the present Chief Justice of India must be the Patent Chief of NALSA. While any serving or retired Supreme Court judge is to be nominated by the President as its Executive Chief. Now let's see the functions of NALSA. The main function is to monitor the implementation of legal aid programs and also to lay down policies for making legal services available to all citizens irrespective of their economic status. The other important function of NALSA include organizing low cut-olets. Here let us see briefly about low cut-olets. Low cut-olets mean people's court. You all know that Indian courts are burdened by lot of backlogs right? To solve this problem low cut-olets provide for speedier and not so expensive justice through persuasion and conciliation. You note that low cut-olets have also been given statutory status under the provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act 1987. See these are all the functions of NALSA. Now coming to the presence of Legal Services Authority in the Indian courts. Legal Services Authority have been constituted in various courts from the Supreme Court to the Taluk level court which also include High Courts and District Courts. Through this wide presence the main motif of Article 39A under the DPSP of the Indian Constitution which provide for free legal aid to the poor and the weaker section is getting fulfilled. So that's all regarding this discussion. See through this discussion we saw about NALSA and its functions. So with this information let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article. Look at this FAQ article. This article talks about a military exercise conducted by Russia. The name of the exercise is Vostok 22. India joined the exercise but did not participate in the naval drill. This is about the FAQ article. In this discussion let us discuss the article in detail. Firstly let us see about the exercise and which countries are participating in the exercise. See Vostok 22 is an annual military exercise and it is conducted by Russia in its eastern region from September 1 to 7. It is said that 13 countries will be participating in the exercise. According to the Russian Ministry of Defense the countries that have sent military contingents are Algeria, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, China, Laos, Mongolia, Nicaragua, Syria and Tajikistan. It is said that more than 50,000 troops and 5000 units of military equipments including 140 aircrafts and 60 warships would participate in the exercise. Now according to Indian Defense Ministry India has sent only its army contingent 75 Gurkha rifles and it will not take part in the maritime section of the two-part event. If you are asking why this is because see the first part of land exercise will be held in Russian military training grounds in Siberia. But the maritime part of the exercise will be held on the Sea of Vostok and Sea of Japan. So here comes the issues. The location is near the disputed southern Kuril Islands. Even after a warning was sent by the Japan's foreign ministry to move the location of the maritime exercise, Russian ambassador in Tokyo rejected it. So India's decision to not participate in the naval drills is thought to have been made in consideration of Tokyo's concerns. Here you must note another thing. The Biden administration is currently working to put together far more sanction against Russia in response to its invasion of Ukraine and it is demanding for pre-scaps on Russian oil exports. So at this time the decision by India and other countries to participate in Vostok 2022 presents a divided approach towards Russia. But India said that it has been regularly participating in multilateral exercises in Russia along with other countries and India insisted that it will be participating only in Vostok exercise this year. So what does India's participation mean? By sending an army contingent to join Russian and Chinese troops in exercises this year, New Delhi is aiming to send a four-pronged message. The first is its continuing relationship with Russia despite the Ukraine war. See Indian government has decided not to join the western sanctions regime or to curb oil imports and other economic engagement with Moscow. So through this and along with participating in the Vostok 2022 exercise, India is showing its support to its all weather friend that is Russia. Secondly, by participating in the Vostok 2022 exercise, India is trying to signal balance and non-alignment in the current crisis. Thirdly, by staying away from the maritime exercise, New Delhi has shown its sensitivity to Japan's concerns on maintaining the status quo over the disputed islands as well as stressing the importance of territorial sovereignty and integrity for India. Finally, the message the government continues to give is that it is willing to engage with China and the number of friends even as military talks with China at the line of actual control remains stuck. The government, however, asserts that it cannot be business as usual with China until the latest logjam over Chinese troops' transgression since April 2022 is resolved. So this is the four-pronged message that India is trying to convey by participating in the Vostok 2022 exercise. See, these points are very important. See if there is a question in mains asking you to write how India is trying to balance between the West and the East in the current world scenario. You can repurpose all these points in your answers. Okay, so all these points are very relevant for your mains examination. I hope this discussion was useful. With this, let us conclude this and take up the next news article. Look at this news article. This news article talks about a small broken piece of figurine which has been unearthed by archaeologists at Malikai Maidu near Gangaikonda Chorapram. See, this city was built by King Rajendra Cholawan after his victorious expedition up to the Gangetic Plains. So in this news article discussion, let us focus on Gangaikonda Cholapram and King Rajendra Cholawan. First, let us take Gangaikonda Cholapram. See, the meaning of the words Gangaikonda Cholapram is one who conquered the Ganges. So, as I already said in the introduction, following the conquest of the Gangetic Plains in 1023 AD, Rajendra Cholawan built a great city and the city is called as Gangaikonda Cholapram. He also built a Shiva temple called Gangaikonda Choleshwarar and a lake called Chola Gangam in commemoration of his victory. He even shifted his capital from Tanjavur to this newly built town. From his period to the end of the Chola family rule in 1279 AD, Gangaikonda Cholapram remained as the capital of the Chola Empire. The city is celebrated in the literature of Muvarula by Vottakuttanar and Kalingathparni of Jm Kondar. Now talking about the Shiva temple Gangaikonda Choleshwarar, it was built between 1023 AD and 1036 AD. It has a beautiful gallery of Chola art and architecture. Many sculptures brought from Andhra, Karnataka and Bengal as water office are also preserved in the temple and nearby villages. At present it is under the control of archaeological survey of India and the Hindu religious and charitable endowment department of government of Tamil Nadu. And recently UNESCO declared the temple as one of the world heritage monuments. Now finally let us take Rajendra Chola one. Rajendra Chola is the son of Raja Raja Chola. He formally ascended the Chola throne in 1014 AD. Even as a king, Rajendra Chola continued his father's policies. It is during the time of Rajendra Chola, the Chola navy attained its peak. During the reign of Rajendra Chola one, he established colonies in Sri Lanka, Thailand and other Southeast Asian countries. And Tamil Chola armies exacted tribute from Thailand and the Khmer Kingdom of Cambodia regularly. So this is about King Rajendra Chola one. So that's all regarding this discussion. In this discussion we saw about Gangaikonda Cholapuram and King Rajendra Chola one. With this let us conclude the news article discussion session and take up the practice prelims questions. We have three practice prelims questions today. Let us see them one by one. Let us take up the first question. See three statements regarding Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple is given. We have to find the correct statements. Let us take up the first statement. Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple is dedicated to Lord Vishnu. See this statement is wrong because we saw in our discussion that this temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva. This is a Shiva temple. So statement one is wrong. Let us take up the second statement. Rajaraja one shifted his capital from Tanjavur to Gangaikonda Cholapuram. See this statement is also wrong because in our discussion we saw that it is Rajendra one who shifted the Chola capital from Tanjavur to Gangaikonda Cholapuram. So statement two is also wrong. Let us take up the third statement. Recently discovered Isalam copper plates of 1036 AD of Rajendra one give concrete evidence that he built the Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple. See this statement is correct. So since statement one is wrong, statement two is wrong and statement three is correct. The correct answer here is option B three only. Let us take up the second question. Here two statements regarding Indian council of agricultural research is given. We have to find the correct statement. Let us take up the first statement. The Indian council of agricultural research is an autonomous organization under the department of agricultural research and education. See this statement is correct. The Indian council of agricultural research is an autonomous organization under the department of agricultural research and education. It comes under the union ministry of agriculture. Let us take up the second statement. Normally three seasons of independent assessment by the Indian council of agricultural research is required for approving a new fertilizer. See this statement is also correct. Normally three seasons of independent assessment by Indian council of agricultural research is required for approving a new fertilizer. So here both the statements are correct. So the correct answer here is option C both one and two. Let us take up the last question. See here two statements regarding NALSA is given. You have to find the correct statement. See this is a quiz question for today. Interested aspirants post your answers in the comment section. The main questions based on today's discussion is displayed here. Write the answers and post it in the comment section. With this we have come to the end of the video. If you like today's discussion, like, comment and share it with your friends. For more updates regarding UPSC preparation subscribe to Shankara IS Academy YouTube channel. Thank you for listening.


So I feel like Mary always, or Martha, sorry always gets the bad rap, right? She's like busy and it's like almost like Jesus doesn't quite scold her but like says that you chose poorly. But perhaps a question would be who are you? Are you Mary? Are you Martha? Are you Lazarus? And you can decide which way Lazarus is okay? Because we didn't actually talk about that gospel today. It was the other option. Jesus raising Lazarus from the dead. But we know that all three of these are always together in the gospels. And I think that each have something to share with us. We're here for defending the faith conference. And I got to tell you honestly that kind of concerns me at times. Because when I was in the parish ministry I had a couple of people that you know thought they were great apologists but really what they were were people with sledgehammers trying to knock the faith into you over the head. And to me that's just like scary. And that's where Lazarus, Martha, and Mary teach us something today. So we're all called to be people, resurrected people, people filled with life, people glorifying God. And so often it's easy for us I think or at least myself to follow into that trap of being like Martha where we've got to do all kinds of things that we want everything perfect and you know just exact. But we're also called to sit at the foot of the master. To be able to listen to the Lord. To be taught by our God. Could I help earlier kind of in the back listening a little bit to Dr. Mary Healy and just kind of wondering. I wonder if that was what it was like for the disciples.  But the question becomes then how do we respond to that spirit? And that's where our first reading today gives us some real insights. Right because we know if we're not motivated out of authentic love then we can't share the faith. If we're not motivated out of love for Christ Jesus it's going to be really hard to sit at his feet and listen to his voice and be taught by him and even harder at times to be reproached when we're wrong in our approach. But if we don't have love for the Lord we can't even serve because then we only become self-serving. And the last I checked you and I were not the God of the universe. And so all three of these people teach us something about our faith and how appropriate as we started off this conference that you would come and we would come together to the altar of the Lord to be nourished and strengthened to open our hearts to the word of God to allow that word to penetrate and even prick our hearts at times. Not that we would be wounded but that we'd be raised to newness of life that we would be restored and set on fire to be empowered and commissioned to go forth and proclaim the gospel. And whether we realize it or not and whether we like it or not we are constantly proclaiming our gospel some form of the gospel with our lives. You walk into McDonald's to order a happy meal if you get a happy meal and you're proclaiming some sort of gospel with your life. If you go in there kind of go come on it's lined so long what's wrong with these people why isn't milkshakes working right? You've been there. Then we start sharing some sort of gospel and if we wear anything that shows that we're Christian that message starts to become confused for others. And if we walk in and now you're at Chick-fil-A and even though they're really fast outside the inside it just happened to be backed up. You can tell me what my summer has been like right? I don't need that very often okay. But again how do you approach this situation? Are you able to approach it recognizing the dignity of the person before you? Being able to love on them accept them where they're at even if they've had a bad day or they haven't? Or are you like adamant that no I should have things my way right now instantly. Come on I got other places to go people to see the word of God to share with others. It's happened hasn't it? And do you see where the confusion begins to come in? That we profess one thing with our hearts. We come to the Lord. We sit at His feet. We say Jesus I love you unconditionally. I want to serve you and then almost instantaneously something trips us off and we start becoming like Martha. Like Jesus come on tell my sister to start doing something. What's wrong with her? My brothers and sisters the expectations that we put forth on others and the presumptions that we make might become our own downfall in being able to love people where they're at. And it is only by coming to the altar it is only by coming to the feet of Jesus and listening to Him that we're going to be able to grow in that charity in that love that He has given to us first in that love that actually allows us to continue in existence in that love that we actually desire to see multiplied a hundredfold in the faith of others. And so how appropriate that we start off with Mass and perhaps how appropriate that we have these three saints to be able to reflect on this day.  The danger perhaps of coming to Mass and we just we know what to do because we do it so often. And I want to ask you what is the intention that you're offering this Mass for. Maybe you find yourself like Martha all the time running in your head spinning so fast trying to take children all over the place or grandchildren. Maybe your intention is Lord help me to slow down to be able to hear your voice to be able to choose the better part at this moment. There's probably a few people here that all you do is sit down and listen and the Lord's inviting you to actually take greater action. Maybe that's your intention.  You're going to invite you to intentionally kind of with your mind with your heart put your intention in that procession and let it come to this altar as myself and my brother priests call down the Holy Spirit upon the gifts and they become transformed from bread and wine into the body and blood, soul and divinity of Christ. Don't think for a moment that that same Holy Spirit doesn't desire to transform the intentions that you bring.  That we would all become more conformed into the presence of Christ. For only then will we be able to go for it. To love each person that's before us. Only then will we be able to go for it and truly share the gospel of Christ. Defend the faith out of compassion, out of mercy, out of truth. Recognizing the incredible gift that God has given to you and to me.


When you're searching, good search words give you much better results. In this video, we'll show some tips for finding good search words and on using them effectively to improve your results. Before you search, break down your topic into its main concepts. For example, if we're trying to find out what influences Nanny's decisions to immigrate to Canada, the main concepts are Nanny's, immigration, and Canada. You need to include all these concepts in your search or your results won't be relevant. Next, try to think of other words that could be used to talk about those concepts. I had trouble coming up with another word for Nanny, but I thought of immigrants for immigration and Canadian for Canada. We'll use these alternate terms in our search. Let's search in a ProQuest database to see how it works. In the first search box, I'll type in Nanny's. In the second row, I'll type in my next concept, immigration or immigrants. The or says I'm fine with getting results that have either one of these words. I have three concepts, so I need to click add a row. Then I type Canada or Canadian in the search box on the third row. You'll see that each of my main concepts is on a separate row, separated by and. The alternate words for each concept are on the same row, separated by or. I get eight results, which isn't very many. When this happens, look at your results for clues about other alternate search words you might have missed. You can use these to revise your search. Look through the titles and descriptions of articles in your results. You can also look at the subjects. To find these, look in the left menu and click on the down arrow beside subject. You'll see a few of the subjects here, but to see more of them, click on more. In the subject window, you can scroll through for ideas on search words. Doing this, I found that another term for nannies is domestic workers or domestics, and another term for immigration is migration. Now I can modify my search to include these new terms. This time I'll type nannies or domestics in the first row, then immigration or migration in the second row, and Canada or Canadian in the third row. I get more than 300 results, which is a lot better. As you can see, your search results depend a lot on how good your search words are and how you search with them. The library's other databases look slightly different, but work the same way. This includes the advanced search feature in the OmniLibrary catalog, and the EBSCO host databases. If you have any questions, ask us at library.wlu.ca.