ction to opening statements. Again, opening statements are meant to tell you what we are going to show you throughout the trial. They're not meant to be an argument about why you should side with us. It's I will show you this, I will tell you this, you will hear from this person, right? That is an opening statement. I have no objection to both of us making open statements at all. That is very common. I do, however, object to Mr. Daniels being able to get on a stage and talk about his accolades and his accomplishments without that being done under oath and with the opportunity to cross examine. It would be his credit, his credentials don't matter if he has no first hand knowledge and is only going to be asking witnesses, much like my credentials don't matter if I'm just asking witnesses. You don't need to know my backstory and all the great things I've done in my life because I'm not providing any substantive information. I'm only asking questions. If Mr. Daniels would like to let the commission and the public know about his background and his accommodations, I am fine with that if he's sworn in as a witness and has the ability to be cross-examined. I think who I am is entirely important to this, especially to the public who hasn't heard from me at all yet, bringing this case forward as a former police officer. I wasn't asked from the profession. I left in good standing. I'm not out here to get somebody.  I think my background is relevant even if I'm just asking questions because people may wonder how do you know that information? How does this guy know any of this? How does he know how to get this information? How does he provide the information? So those are my thoughts on that. I'm here. Can I just make a point here? Yes, go ahead. You have the room for 27 more minutes. Okay, let me cut the Gordians not here if I can. Let me be Alexander. I'll never be that great. How about we get an affidavit with a CV from you or a resume so that we can check it out? So again, my objection, I go ahead, is that if I could come in and say yes, I won the Nobel Prize in Literature and I'm an astrophysicist and I've never been disciplined for misconduct and without the ability to be cross-examined or have those statements be verified. That's a document that's going to be placed in it because you think we need to cross the standard about it. I think I could. But only if he goes under oath. Okay, that's fine. That's my point. I'm fine. I've already agreed to be under oath. Then I have no objection to this motion at all. I'm trying to simplify this so we can now move on to our 26 minutes. All right. Do we have any other motions that we need to Yes, sir. There are nine total. These are pretty easy. So number, so motion five, I think we basically discussed this several times already. So I don't think we have to touch on that one again. Again, there's no objection to you understanding the burden that you need to be. Number six, PowerPoint presentation. No objection. Seven. We don't have to do it today, but I don't know if I mis-typed there or what. But at some point before the hearing, if we can have preponderance and evidence clearly written and everyone agrees on the So there's a jury. Okay. It's a jury instruction. It's called Ordering 30. It's 200. It's under Wisconsin, J.I. and jury instruction. And that's what we're going to be using most likely. Excellent. Again, that's good. No objection to you knowing the rules that you need to know. Yeah, we're going to like work with these rules. Can we have it sent to everybody including Yeah, I think typically the way you would do it is with with jury instructions is parties work them out. Yep. So we would do it. I would suggest you the same thing, even though we're not a jury. Yeah. Right. Question. Chair. Yes, Chair. And we can be totally out of work. My court request would be because of the interest of time. Should we skip to number nine just so we can see if we agree on that one? Yeah, nine is also nine. It's no objection. Okay. Subject to the rules of hearsay and all the other things for the fact that evidence is digital. I don't have the one thing. The one thing I'll mention it, but you can handle this as it comes is there may be some issues with depending on what the digital evidence is, what you are required to do this and open and record the hearing. If there's a clash in system between recording the hearing and the digital evidence, but that can be worked. That's not you wouldn't be preventing it. It's just making sure that it's worked out. They can marry up. Okay. Great. That brings us back to number eight. Now we're at number eight. Okay. So number eight, I know I brought this up last time. I didn't seem to make much ground, but I'll just bring up some more, some more information that I didn't get on last time. So I have several concerns with attorney Adams, the counsel to the PFC. I think first and foremost, he's been involved in the process with this internal investigation for the last few years. So he's already got deep seated thoughts and beliefs on whether or not this was handled appropriately and what he believed should happen with this. So then I go to obviously the city's also made a determination, evidently, which attorney Westbrook has related to Schwoigen Press that apparently the police chief has acted appropriately. So the fact that the city has already made a decision to stand by them without hearing this complaint or investigating it and the fact that attorney Adams and attorney Westbrook work in the same building and have the ability at any time to discuss this matter certainly gives me the impression of a potential conflict of interest. I'll be presenting multiple witnesses, some that will testify to attorney Adams' knowledge of the initial outside investigation that began and then for unknown reasons was called off. I'll be presenting to you witnesses that'll say that attorney Adams was more interested in varying this issue than dealing with it appropriately. That I think I just have here to explore these, I may call attorney Adams, but after reviewing everything I have, I'm not going to call him anymore, but I still think he should be removed based on all the other issues. And then here I was trying to figure out my next page here. So one final example about his conflict with this. So as was brought up earlier in this hearing, I submitted this complaint to you guys and he would know that from you for more than 30 days or almost 30 days. His stated intention was to prevent you guys from reading the complaint and forming an opinion or bias, which I disagree with. And obviously that is your job as the PFC to read a complaint. When I asked attorney Adams to provide me anything showing that you was allowed to do so, he has still not responded to me or told me any law policy or procedure that allows him to withhold complaints unilaterally from the PFC. Sorry to talk fast, but in the effort of time. I'm just the secretary. We're good. Attorney Westbrook. So as I said in my thing, it doesn't necessarily matter to me who the commission or board's attorney is, because again, the attorney of the board does not have any say in the termination you make. They are exclusively there to help answer those legal questions. However, I would say two things related to the removal of attorney Adams. One, I don't think it is proper or appropriate. His examples of why attorney Adams and I both, yes, work in this family, both our attorneys and both have oaths and ethics that we are required to follow. And I can assure you that attorney Adams and I have never spoken to each other about this matter. Other than the initial conversation of, hey, are we going to be able to put up a, it was called to Chinese while I don't actually know what the appropriate term is now, but put up a wall between us. Yep, we can. Great. That was the only conversation and it was before any substantive things even happened. Otherwise, all of our communication has been via email and has CC the appropriate party. So that's the first thing. The second thing, even if attorney Adams has been, had been involved in the underlying complaints for the past two years, again, his job, his role with all of you is only to answer your questions about legal process. What does this mean? The fact that you have an additional attorney on your panel, I also think negates the need to remove him because if attorney Adams had a bias and was giving you bad information in an attempt to cover this up again, there is an expert on your board who could be like, I don't know if that's right. There's a crucial role in having an attorney advise the board from a city standpoint to ensure that laws are being followed and it's not just the wild west out there. And I don't think attorney Adams has shown any bias or indicated anything. I would also say that Mr. Daniels says he's going to bring people in to testify about all these things that attorney Adams has done. The appropriate time for that information would have been before this hearing. I don't know how you can possibly make a decision to remove him before you've heard evidence. If Mr. Daniels has evidence that he is unethical and biased, I agree, he should be removed. But without hearing that evidence, I don't think it's proper for you just to take the, I'm going to tell you that someone's going to come and tell you this and move on that. The last thing would be the additional cost. Cost is not important, right? I mean, it is important, but because Mr. Attorney Adams hasn't indicated any bias and hasn't shown any reason that he should be removed, if you were to make that determination, I would ask that the cost be assessed to Mr. Daniels who's making that request because it's not necessary in the interest of justice or to have this commission properly proceed. Thank you, Attorney Westbrook. Attorney Adams, how much time do we have? We have 18 minutes. 18 minutes. All right. I would like to give each one of, do you have anything else? Can I ask a clarifying question? Yeah, I have a clarifying question too. Of Attorney Westbrook? Right. So, so can, and maybe it's of you, Chuck, what I want to understand is I believe that Attorney Adams would not be present when we do deliberate. Is that correct? You would not be like, because like, right now we'll go into closed session, we're going to have to make a decision of all these motions. So, he can answer, but it normally, in my experience, both as city attorney and in my current role, the attorney representing the commission is, is not participating, right? They're only there if you say, hold on, what statute? I just want you to understand, like what, just so you get an idea, an idea of what the role is. Okay, right. He's not in your, he just cannot, he's not participating in making the decisions around this. It's a clarification. And in fact, he shouldn't, he shouldn't properly even become it. And he shouldn't say, oh yeah, I agree with this, or I disagree with that. Right. It's really answering your legal question. Right. Okay. That was, that does answer it. I just, I wanted to make sure I understood. The last time, the first time I was here, and that's the first time I think I met you, I tried to be helpful in informing you what kind of evidence you would need to present to disqualify attorney Adams. Do you remember that? I do recall asking if I had audio or video of the questions, but I obviously have no idea. Or, or, or statements that you would get after David's on, you could have presented those with your motion and we could have determined that. But now you're, I guess the problem I'm having here, Justin, is you're saying you need more time to get these guys to come forward. The whole point of doing a motion, and this is like a, a motion to disqualify. It's a pretrial or a, in this case, you hear an emotion. That's why I asked for that back then, was to help you know what you had to do. I, maybe you, maybe you thought I was adversarial. I wasn't trying to be adversarial. No, I didn't think that. I appreciated what she said. I guess, two quick things, and then we could even let this drop. So I will concede, I do feel better that there's another attorney on the board. So if there is any bad legal advice given, obviously it'll be caught. And secondly, knowing that he's not involved, I guess, in the process at the end, does help a little bit. I still feel he should be removed, but if he's not, I understand. Okay, fair enough. Any other questions? Okay. Mr. Daniels and Attorney Westbrook, how about like one or two minute closing statement or argument, please. And that will entertain a motion to go into closed session. Is there room for us to go into closed session outside of here? Yeah. We'll see. We have many comments. The only issue will be going back into open session. That has to be on video. And this room will be. And this room will not be available. Unless can you do a written order? So this is going to be my suggestion. First of all, you have the closed session on the agenda. Yes. And you can choose to go into closed session. We had some discussion with the president about exactly what language needed to be in the closed session because you're not deliberating today. That's correct. You're not deliberating on any facts. You're making legal decisions. So in my opinion, you cannot go into closed session to deliberate. You can, if you choose, go into closed session to confer with me if you have questions for me where my advice to you needs to be in closed session because it needs to be outside the presence of the parties. I'm not convinced that that's necessary, although you can, you can choose to do that. My thought would be don't go into closed session. Finish this in open session. What I, the comment was, would there need to be some kind of a written order? I think that would be entirely appropriate here.  I'm going to, I'm going to suggest, given both the timeframe and the need for a written order, I don't know whether you have an opportunity to meet again. No, we don't. I'm sorry. Absolutely not. So, so, so, because you really have two options when it comes to a written order. One is to authorize me basically to draft something based on sort of your general general ideas. The other is for me to draft something based on your general ideas and then have you approve it. Because of the nature of some of the allegations against me, I would prefer to have you approve it, not have me just unilaterally draft it based on my understanding of what you're saying. But you, I think it's also important to remember that you act as a commission, not as individuals. And so to just simply say, oh, I appreciate, I want this, I want this, I want this, that's not appropriate. That'd be a violation of public meeting laws. So you only act as a commission as a, as an entity, not as individuals. And Mike, I appreciate the clarification. My issue is in 12 minutes, you're asking us an open session to deliver 18 different. Right. I think you need to have, you can't do it. Yeah, I think you have to have another meeting. I can't, and clearly before July 11th, that is not going to happen. I'm gone for one full week. This can move into a different, you, you can, you can reschedule, yeah. The July 11th date isn't it still on? So we can reschedule. And why can't, why, is there a problem with this meeting continuing in a different location in City Hall if it's properly posted? Like if it just says this has moved to room you're really getting in there. We're getting to open meetings once we posted 106, I mean, it's pretty, yeah, pretty much half of the year. And that has also been, I understand that there are some communities where the practice has been put a sign up saying we've moved to other places. My consistent advice over the years has been, can't do that. And the city has never done that.   Who has the room after that? Can we not add a button to it? And let's just see. Well, it's a public meeting. Let's just see if we can ask them. Yeah, and now they have a public meeting. If they did, it would be difficult for them. See, I had, I had, I had the schedule all the way to five. So did I, which is, well, but we couldn't get, we couldn't get any room, although it is now saying till eight. So I wonder if they canceled the previous meeting. That would be good. Because Carly informed me that she could only, she could not get a single room anywhere in the city past four o'clock, just because of all the other meetings. But it does now, it does now say on there till eight o'clock. So it may be darn bureaucrats. It doesn't, it says we're here till eight. So I'm wondering whether another meeting got canceled. So far, nobody else is here. I'm trying to pull up the, it's taking, it'll take time. Because realistically, just so we're out there, this is going to take 10 minutes. We're going to be here. No, no. I think we should all understand that if it's not working, it's not working. We have to go over the different solution. I don't want to run through this just to get it done. It looks like the meeting that was scheduled here is canceled. So you've got the room. Let's go. Let's move. Nice. Let's go. All right. I was offering to let it close the state. Sure. So I've presented you seven motions, two of them asking for the entire complaint to be dismissed and five on the individual charges. I think the two motions for the entire complaint are probably the most important because they set precedence that you will need to follow moving forward for any other claims that come to you. So I'm going to focus on those because I think the other five are very facts specific to this case. So first, that Mr. Daniels is not an agreed person to this hearing. Again, everything in this hearing is related to Abigail Hernandez and the mistreatment, alleged mistreatment of her. And I think the fact that Mr. Daniels has now indicated that he doesn't even plan on calling her as a witness makes even more confusing how he can possibly provide testimony as an agreed person when all of the information is related to that. I hear his arguments that it's the profession of law enforcement. So that's how he has a right. I hear the arguments that he had to support Abigail through the full process and he was there and saw her every day. But Abigail is the person who should be bringing the charges forward that are alleged here in this complaint. He doesn't allege the open records violation in this complaint that he had to wait six months or I don't even remember what he said. That's not alleged in this complaint. So that him having standing there is not pertinent to the facts. So I would strongly encourage the board to dismiss on the fact that he does not have standing. In addition to that, I think time limits are put in place for reasons. More than just, oopsie, I didn't see it. In this case especially given the fact that Mr. Daniels filed a completely different complaint, the process set up by this commission was not followed. The police department did not have the ability to review the complaint by Mr. Daniels because he did not file the complaint that he has filed here with the PFC. The reason that the complaint came 52 days later is because he needed that time to compile all the evidence. Well, all of that evidence should have been compiled when he filed the original complaint. That is how you have set up this process. 10 days is the window that people are allowed to appeal the decision of the chief or their designee in this case myself. 10 days is what they have to appeal it to the police and fire commission. Not 52 days, not 10 days unless you want to add more information to it. That is not how the policy is set up. Both of those decisions, how you rule on both of those decisions will be presidential for any other complaint that you have. I think it is important that you remember that if that is the case, then great, I would suggest you change your policy and get rid of any time limits and get rid of any standing requirement, even though the statute is the thing that requires that you can define a grieved person in a better way. The decision you make on those two will affect every other complaint that comes to the PS. Thank you. Yeah, thank you. Okay, so a grieved person, I feel I've made an argument here. I know, again, as we've talked, much of the testimony and much of the evidence brought in by what decisions can be revolved around Abby, but we need to remember this complaint is not about Abby. It's about the actions of the chief. It's not about Abby. It's not what Brian Prey did to her. It's about the chief and his decisions he made as the head of this police department and not putting somebody on leave violating all these policies. He kept the guy employed. There were further issues. The chief lied to the district attorney about whether or not Brian Prey lied. He stalled the release of the reports. These are all things that come in, and then to say I'm not a grieved person because I didn't bring up the release of the reports, that goes into the criminal charge that I'm alleging of misconduct in public office. So misconduct in public office, if you're abusing your discretion, not releasing reports, not releasing reports to the DA, that all ties into that. So I am a grieved person, in my opinion, in multiple ways. Number one, I had to deal with the turmoil and the aftermath of all this with my girlfriend. Secondly, you know, again, I had to go through this process hire an attorney. I don't need to rehash all of this. I think I've touched on it. So I'll just move on real quick. So timeframe, again, we've discussed this at length as well. I think I've made my points. And I just hope that you guys will see the excusable neglect or the 80607 statute and realize I did not do this in bad faith. Nothing, nothing I did helped me in any way. So there was no reason for me to intentionally delay sending in this complaint. And I will surmise to you that the complaint has changed. And I apologize if I didn't have a lot of faith submitting a complaint to the chief of himself when I watched this entire thing get covered up. And I can confidently say it was covered up because Brian Bray has been issued a Brady letter since I said this was covered up. So I've already got that going for me. That's corroborative evidence going towards what my complaint says. So the timeframe again, in my opinion, it was an oversight. I didn't do it intentionally. I'll again, quickly argue that even after I supplied the complaint, the attorney for the city kept it for 30 more days, I understand that it goes by once filed. And then I guess lastly, I just really hope I get a chance to present these witnesses to you. And you guys actually get to hear what happened here. I think it's important. Number one for the city to know what their police chief is up to. Number two, if and when Brian Bray is criminally charged, it's just going to prove even more that this man covered up a felony crime and lied about the fact that he had lied about it. And I just, you know, I think it's really important. I think Abby's story is it's in official police documents. It's in DWD official documents. And you'll see if this is allowed to go on that the police department investigators even agree with her that this was taken without her consent and therefore violated criminal statute. So I just ask you to hear this complaint and not dismiss on a technicality. And that's it. Thank you. Thank you very much. Okay, I'm going to have to take a five minute break. That's fine. And then we'll come back in and we're going to discuss whether or not we're going at the close. Yeah. Sounds good. Thank you, Mr. Daniels. Yes, sir. Sorry, one thing I was asked to bring in my list of witnesses at today's hearing. So I shot, I wrote on it. So I don't know if I can just tell you names. Okay. So my witness list depends on the motions that you, depends on how you decide on the motion. I would depends on his witness list. I would suggest that you don't demand the witness list until you've made your determinations. Correct. Okay. And then what you said is that it has to be filed with the commission. So and that would be you can file, you can give a paper copy, but make sure that you do file an email copy as well. But you can do that today. So, so I just want to be clear. Do you want me to email you and attorney Westbrook, my witness list today then? Or do you want me to wait until after the motions? It would be okay, but not until after the motions have been decided. So, so it would be unfair to you to ask you, because the motions may go different ways and that made it determine who your witness is. Right. And, and once the president is back, we're going to decide if we're in a closed session or if we're staying in open session, but all the motions will be set in open session just so you're aware. So even if we have to deliberate for some clarification or whatever, legal, whatever, we will come back in the open session and make those go through each motion. Okay. So somebody will contact me then and let me know if I have to leave. So if they go into close, if they go into closed session will, there'll be a motion to go into closed session, they'll vote, they'll call vote, meaning one at a time. You'll be able to sit outside somewhere, that room is in use, and they'll come get you when they go back into open session. Don't leave, don't leave the building. Don't leave the building. Got it? Got it? That's what I was going to say. You're going to be invited back in. He can leave. You can. There's no more testimony that we are. Right. No, but if you want to hear what our motions are, you will be able to hear them in live set in open session. Okay, thank you. Okay. Yeah. It's super confusing to me. I don't know. Surprise, surprise, right? Like, okay, it was so great right now, right? Yeah. Okay. What was the unit? I always asked, I was in F and N, but I didn't know what it was. I was there doing that, all that, a lot of stuff, the, all the suits I brought up. It was a 19-year-old, 30-year-old. I was in the West Army over the tanker. We're not its first capo. Yeah. Well, I was private. I went into Floyd Benny. Sure. George. And then I was up in North Carolina for a crack. Okay. Sure. Yeah. That's where the 18th door was. Yeah. Yep. Doesn't really like that. Oh, hey, great. It's hot in here. I want to be at the pool, Jerry. Adam is complaining it's hot. He's talking about pool. You want to be at the pool? Well, wouldn't you rather be at the pool? Well, yesterday I was in a house inspection. It was 89 degrees out. We're all standing and this is like a six and a half hour inspection. We're outside most of the day. It was like uncomfortable. So, Chuck, your opinion is that deciding on these motions is not, does not meet the definition of deliberations for a Yeah. I've never, I did a little bit of digging into the case law after a title, Larry. So, I'm just going to sit and stare all you down. They can go into closed session to confer with me. Their discussion has to be like, oh, I think one is yes, one is no. I mean, and we can't fill a buster, can we? Because there's I mean, I guess, I guess is so, but if we're, we're probably while we're, we're on open session. Let's, let's wait, let's wait. Come back. You're calling me an expert. Like actually I didn't call you an expert and then I clarified to make sure you didn't take a fence. See, that's the thing about being a lawyer.  There's another lawyer telling me I'm wrong and how I'm reading the law, my interpretation, my reading of the case law, my argument. That's all right. We need to stenographer when we got you. Yeah, you can't read my notes. It's not because I know what you are. Another question that we should probably talk about once everyone's back is the process for the hearing. Like, are we going to be a stenographer? Will it just be video recorded? Those types of things. That's what my, my, that's what my request will be. Yeah. Are you cold? No. I'm tired. It is a little chilly. I just turned it down. It was 73. 73 is fine. Oh, maybe it's a jacket. Are you taking another trip, Kristen? What? Are you taking another trip? Yeah, I'm going to California. Where, where to go for you? Right. So my husband leaves on Sunday to Anaheim for work. We're not going to Disneyland. And we have his side of the family lives up in Roseville, near Sacramento. So we're, I'm flat. So he's there for a week. I'm going to fly into Sacramento and meet him. And then we're spending the week before the July at, I call him the Greek month. It's his Greek family, the Greek mafia at their, at their cabin in Tahoe. Oh, so it's definitely a cabin then. Yeah. It's five bedroom. Do you like the Greek? I know you come from the Italian side. Wow. That is racial profiling just because he's Italian. I did not say that. I said, I thought you'd appreciate it. Yeah. So, so we have a lot of like small little, so this is a week I'm gone with him. But then I come back, I come back in the week of the hearing, the hearing schedule, the end of the week, I have a residency for my doctorate the last two days. And then the next, then, then I'm back. Then I think of a free that next week. And then we had to Texas for four days to see the kids and the grandkids. And then I'm here for the month of August. However, my sister from England is coming in with her three kids and family. It's my dad's 80th birthday at the end of August. And so we're doing. Yeah. So all my, all my PTO will be used up except for a week between Christmas and New Year's. That's what I usually take most of my paid time on. Yeah. So I do Christmas New Year's. We go down to see the kids and grandkids. But yeah, I mean, um, you know, I didn't take in fairly, I mean, like, yeah, like for the, for all of COVID, I didn't take a dang vacation. If it's like, I just, I couldn't. So it's nice to be able to do this. Except Australia, I got back from Australia. I mean, I flew in with COVID. And I'm still like this little cloth is driving me nuts. Yeah. I can't, I can't seem to, you know, I can't seem to just to shake it. So yeah, do you guys have something like you don't do anything in store? You don't go anywhere? I used to do it, but my girlfriend is somewhat disabled. So we were talking mafia. Yeah. That is two real mafia guys. Or B, that's my brother-in-law and Tom Lollacotta. I think it's B. Do you love that? I think it's easy. I want to know who's at the pool, Jerry. Why I'm not there with them. Oh, she's there with 14 kids. I hope he never mind my life. I don't want to be there. Yeah, if you're where you go, I'm gonna give you justice about that. I think he was a little less stable. I'm close. Should I call him? Yeah. Yeah. With the bear? Yeah. Where's that? Oh my god. I don't want to go anywhere where a bear is. Well, they're fine as long as you don't mess with them. Black bear though, right? This is, yeah. That's a big one. IQ attack. Brown you lay down. White take flight? Yeah, bears. I was just gonna say, what are you talking about? Those are the rules. If it's a black bear, you attack. He said, no, here's what he said. He said, black, you attack. Brown, nothing. Brown, nothing. Ignore it. White, brown. Right now, they're dead. What? Thank you. That's a good life lesson, guys. That's a good 6,700 pounds. I guess the left side of the room gets to sit back and commissioners, this is time for us to have a discussion whether we need to go into close session. Correct. So, either to retain a motion right away and then move to discussion. I'll ask for a motion to go into closed session. As stated on our agenda, which Mr. I actually have to read it out. You did? Yeah. Motion to convene in closed session under the exemption provided in the Wisconsin State Statutes 19.85, Perron 1, Perron G, we're conferring with legal counsel for the PFC who is rendering moral advice concerning potential strategy to be adopted by the PFC with respect to litigation in which it is involved to wit the matter of the complaint of Justin Daniels versus Chief Christopher Dalagowski. I make a motion to go into closed session. I second. All right, it's now for discussion. Okay. Is there anyone on the commission who's opposed to going into open closed session? You do have to take a roll call. I understand that, but I'm just trying to. We don't have to take a long time to discuss. So, hearing none, I would have a roll call vote. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. I'm going to close it. We'll see you guys later. Yeah. Don't leave. Are you second? I don't, I guess I'm not sure. Somewhere in between. A couple of questions getting through. We are handling a whole bunch more. I'm hoping on my behalf less than 20. My office. We'll make time. And you can always just. We'll hang out until you guys get back. Yeah, I'll stop it. Once everybody just call her text. If you sounds good. Thank you. All right. So let me. This conference will now be recorded. Okay. I'm making sure that the screen so you're going to go. Motion to go. Sure, I can do that. So I think. I think the way that would be the best. I do this. Would be to go. Motion by motion. Have somebody make a motion on each of them. So let's start with. The timeliness. Motion. Made. In which. The motion to dismiss the entire complaint. Due to lack of. The argument has been made that. The complaint that was filed. In this matter was not timely. According to our policy was supposed to be top. It was supposed to be filed within 10 days. After the initial. Report. It was filed 52 days afterwards. There has been an argument that there was excusable neglect. Made by one party and argument that excusable neglect. Is not applicable here. This is a difficult case. Let me put that for here right now. None of the. Facts that were alleged in the complaint are comfortable to deal with. But at the same time. We are constrained by the law. And by our policy. And the statute of limitations on this matter. In deciding. This matter. But let me say what happened to Abby Hoffman was horrible. Let me say that right now. That was wrong. I mean. Hernandez I apologize. I'm somewhat emotional at this time. So. And. In many ways. I can understand. Mr. Daniels position here. But. This is. Statue of limitations are shall. They are not. Discretionary. And based on that. We. At least I. Find the. That I grant the motion. That was. Of chief chief. And I would. Grant that motion on this issue. Your second. Second. All in favor. You have to do it real color. Well, and you probably should see if there's discussion. Okay. Yeah, let's discuss. Now. We'll call out. Right. I since I've said what I said. Okay. But. If anybody wants to discuss this, that's fine. I didn't hear any discussion. I. I. Hi. Hi. Next is the. Motion on lack of standing filed. By. Attorney Westbrook. I'll take lead on this one. The issue is whether or not. Justin Daniels. Is an agreed party. This is difficult. Again. Mr. Daniels is the boyfriend. Of. Officer Abbey Hernandez. And. He's indicated what he suffered as a result. Having to take time off work. And having to, you know. Deal with. How this is affected his girlfriend. Abbey. And. Reading from the handbook on. Wisconsin police and fire commissioners. It says here an agreed person. Is included. Is construed broadly to include any agreed individual. Partnership. Association. Or body politic or corporate. Or. An agreed person to narrowly may be challenged. And this comes from the case. That was earlier cited the Kostanda case. By attorney Westbrook. I may be in a minority here, but I do believe that Justin Daniels. Is an agreed party here. And I would vote that he is an agreed party. Is there a second. Any discussion. So to be clear, then that would be a motion to deny. That is correct. That is correct. All right. Any discussion. Okay. I'm going to do a roll call about. I. Next would be the motion. We're going to take these one at a time. The motion to dismiss. The specific charge on. We're leading to administrative. We're leading to administrative. I was trying to find my things. Now I'm like super sorry. I thought that was. Right. Can I ask a clarifying question? Sure. So the special limitations. Dismissal was granted. With or without prejudice. And then I would ask the same question of any future ones that are decided. In either of our favors. So I think at the end of this. So emotion. To grant or deny emotion. Is it done. But at the end. We will. There will have to be an action taken on the motion. And that would be to thank you. Like just like. I was, but I don't have it in front of me. So I'm sorry. I'm like trying to. All right. No, I was going to take the next one. Sorry. Sorry. That's right. If you want, I'll go. I don't think we talked about this. I'm there. Thank you. The charges that. That's PD policy. 1010.18. Administrative move was violated by chief. Tom. And not temporarily assigning an accused employee to administrative. The problem we have here is this is a discretionary. Chief. Has discretion whether or not. To reassign or put on administrative leave any of his employees. And that discretion. Is granted not only through the policies, but also. There are state statutes that relate to this. Also. Because he exercised discretion. That does not. In a way that someone disagrees with. Or finds that even a quirk. That does not mean that he abused his discretion. Accordingly. In my opinion. The motion to dismiss for failure state claim. For which relief can be granted should be. And in my opinion, what is. Granted. Second. Okay. I. Hi. Hi. Next is. The specific charge related. To. Criminal investigation. Yeah. So I'm happy to take this one. Now I'm now I'm back to where I should be. Sorry about that. And so this is the. Related to the. Related to the SPD policy. 1010. Criminal investigation. So. So we believe that at the. Initial point in time. That. That. That nobody within the department. Believe there was a. There was a criminal conduct. However. We would. Like to. Give me the language. Yeah, the language that you talked about was this that while. Thank you. There it does. Does not appear that at the. At the initiation of the complaint. There was an allegation. Of a criminal violation. Right. That you found that there was. Sufficient. Reason to. Continue the hearing. The factual hearing on whether. There may have been. Fine. As a result of the investigation. There may have been. The need to. Conduct further criminal investigation. And so I move. To. I move this to. I can't. That's the other issue you can. You can either. Deny the most. If you can deny the motion and then the next step would be. I move to deny the motion. And place it. In. So then what you talked about is deny the motion, but hold the matter. In a band. And not, not deal with it until such time as the. John Doe proceeding. Thank you. Thank you. For that. I second the motion. Any discussion. In the practical reason here, once again, there's no recent middle required. Correct. Right. Right. You're not for it. You're not dismissing without prejudice. And then forcing him to come back. Because then there's questions about the process there. So you're basically. Denying the motion and then holding it until it comes back. If it ever does. Yeah. Thank you. Any other discussion. I. Hi. Hi. The next charge has to do. With a specific count related to. Supervisory. Responsibility. Yeah, so I. I. Move. To dismiss. The charge. About. The motion sorry. To dismiss. Thank you. Thank you. Did you want to provide a basis for that? Yeah, I think, you know. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a. As a leader. Oftentimes. Knowing what's going on. It doesn't happen until things come forward. And it's the expectation that. The chief. Wouldn't. Wouldn't. Be aware of situations until they arise. The level of. Of. Of when a. When the chief is informed. Second. Thank you. We have a discussion please. Alright. All call vote. Hi. Hi. Hi. Hi. Hi. Okay. Next is the specific church. The motion to dismiss the specific church. Related to retaliation. Um. Do you want to take someone. Do you want me too? If you want to, you can have it. So. It I'm going to need your help again check. So. And I'm going to need your help again, Chuck. So we, that we, I believe that there is a case that one part of this charge should be, should be moved forward. And that has to do with the, the, I don't know how it is called, because I don't have information. Yeah, what you talked about was, was granting the motion or so sorry denying the motion as it relates to the issue of whether there is a factual base basis to find that constructive termination was retaliation. And then, and to dismiss the remainder of the allegations in the complaint. So to limit that issue to solely the issue around constructive termination and whether or not there's a factual basis to find that that was retaliation. I move for that. Thank you. Second. Any discussion? Sorry. Oh, go ahead. No, I'm not going to say anything. That was just. Are you roll call? Yes. Hi. Very. Hi. Gene. Hi. Next is the motion related to this, the motion to dismiss the counts related to the criminal violations. Are you minding it? Well, let me take this. Okay. There is an allegation as to criminal violations. Against Chief Domagalski. Currently, there is a matter in circuit court. And there is also a John. There is an allegation against the chief. At this point. Because there is a John dole investigation going in because this commission does not have the authority at this time to review an ongoing criminal investigation or John dole investigation at least. We can neither grant nor deny. This but hold this in abeyance. Until after the John dole investigation is concluded. There's a second. Any discussion? Please. We'll have a roll call. Hi. Jerry. Hi. Hi. Hi. Hi. Okay. So we'll get back to sort of what all this means that let's go through emotions made by Mr. Daniels. So the first one is. I think we determined that the motion related to zoom in closed session that Mr. Daniels has abandoned the closed session portion of that. And so all that you need to actually consider is his motion to allow testimony by sue. I move. I'm going to say this wrong again to allow testimony by zoom on a case by case basis. Second. Second. I think what you had talked about is basically you're not granting or denying the motion but you're agreeing to consider the motion on a case by case basis at the time. You're okay with the second. Yes. Thank you for clarifying that. I'll just keep that in mind. Thank you. Okay. I'm going to call the official release. Alright. I redacted identifiers is the next motion that Mr Gaines made. So I came up with the solution. Thank you. the identities or have a victims be able to testify anonymously without having their name mentioned, was suggested by me that we use the initials of the person that was at issue of having her name identified, although her name has been identified in the various records. Therefore, I move that we use the initials A-H to refer to the person we are speaking of from here on and for the purpose to protect her identity. And I think to direct the parties to do the same. Correct. Second. Second. Okay. Any discussion? Can we learn a little bit? I'll start with Jane. Hi. Hi. Hi. I don't know. Say we're the best for last time. Hi. How about I? Next was the motion regarding media or hearsay. So we're not going to allow or deny this, but look at media evidence on a case by case basis. And I think you said using the rules of hearsay. Using the rules of hearsay. Correct. Thank you. Second. Good discussion. You mean none? All in favor? Aye. Jane, did you have this question? No, no. I threw you out of the way. Yes. No, I just, I think we're doing roll call for all of them. Yes, we are. Yes. So Corrado is an aye. Jerry? Yes, aye. Aye. Christa? Aye. Aye. I vote aye. Next was the motion regarding open statements. It's been modified at the time of the hearing. I think you accepted that by Mr. Daniels that it's to allow the parties to make opening statements. I think what you had talked about was- Oh, I'll take- You want to do it and Corrado's got it. Yeah, I'll take this. Opening statements will be made by both parties. However, if there is any testimony from one of the parties, they must be sworn under oath before talking about their credentials, their backgrounds or things of that nature. But opening statements will be able to be made by both parties, with that exception. Second. Any discussion? I mean, not Corrado, roll call. Aye. There is a question here, it looks like. Does that mean with the possibility for cross-examination of that testimony? So what they talked about doing is that opening statements will be opening statements, not under oath. If things are wanting to be talked about that are evidentiary in matter, they'll have to be done through the evidentiary process. So Mr. Daniels can call himself as a witness. Mr. Daniels can call himself for a witness. He can talk about his background, his expertise that he has in you or anything else. And you can cross-examine on that under oath. To clarify. I think we need a roll call. We had a first and a second, correct? Roll call. Aye. Hearing? Aye. Aye. Aye. All right. Then there was a motion related to sort of the probability of the facts. And that one again, there seemed to be not a lot of disagreement between the parties on it, just sort of the request, I think was made by Mr. Westbrook that however that's done, that the rules of procedure just need to be followed and the rules of hearsay need to be followed. I think what you talked about is basically granting the motion with conditions that Mr. Westbrook requested. Right, so I moved to grant that motion with the utilizing the rules of procedure as well as hearsay. Second. Any discussion? Hearing none, roll call. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. PowerPoint, there was no objection, but you should probably just grant it. Motion to approve. Make a motion to grant the approval of the PowerPoint presentation request. Second. Any discussion? None. All in favor, excuse me, roll call. Aye. Hearing? Aye. Aye. Next was the motion to remove me as counsel for the police and fire commission. No, I see number seven was the, Oh, Mr. Sevevonette. Yep. Oh yeah, you're right, I missed that one. So to list, to have the parties, what you came up with was to have the parties agree on what the, to use a jury instruction to define the preponderance of evidence and then the agreed upon statement will be read by the chair at the beginning of the hearing. Yeah. So moved. It's jury, several jury instruction number 200, and there is a proof if there has to be, any other jury instructions beyond that to give to the commission. I want, we would want the parties to agree to exchange proposed jury instructions that are to be given to the commission that we know exactly what we're looking at and that we're going to read back at the time of the hearing. Second. Second, I move. I move. You move. Okay. Second. Okay, it's clear to everyone what that motion is. Okay. Any discussion? Hearing none, all in favor, Corrado. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Now the one to remove me as counsel for the PFC. There's been motion by Mr. Daniels to remove Chuck Adams for being biased and have him places our attorney. It was explained to Mr. Daniels during the motion hearing that he could bring evidence in the form of the affidavit, videos, recordings, none were provided. There's no evidence that we could see that was presented along with the motion to support any reason to remove Chuck Adams as counsel to the police and fire commission. So I move that that motion be denied. Second. Any discussion? Aye. Fury? Aye. Aye. Kristen? Aye. Aye. Last one is to permit digital evidence and that one appears there was an agreement by the party so long as you would consider matters on a case by case basis as far as the rules of evidence and the facilities. Move to allow that request. Second. Discussion? Okay. Roll call vote. Aye. Fury? Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. Now, I think there's two other things that you need to deal with. So first of all, there is the fact that you've made decisions on all of these motions. That said, your decision on the timeliness motion and your decision on those individual charges does lead you to dismiss the charge. What I would suggest that you do is that because the timeliness is sort of the broadest one and the result of your granting the motion is requires the matter to be dismissed. And because it's not one of those things like we talked about with some of the issues being held in advance, it's not something that could be brought back. Now would be the time, I think, to make a motion to dismiss the matter with prejudice based on the timeliness issues. And then the way that that will happen then is there's the potential for appeals, but at least now you do need to make that final decision to allow for an appeal. So that would be the suggestion based on your decisions here. I have two clarifying questions about the individual motions that you made. So with testimony via Zoom, you said case by case at the time of the hearing. I assume that means prior to the day of the hearing, but like once a witness list is established. Is that correct? Correct. We're gonna get the witness list. We're gonna get the witness list and it identifies which ones have to be done by Zoom and we have to approve it. Okay. And then secondly, we'd act that identifies referring to AH as AH. How would we let other witnesses who are testifying know who AH is? It would be your duty, each of your duties to inform those persons that you are calling as witnesses that they are to refer to her as AH. Outside of the year. Okay. Thank you. So now would be your motion to dismiss with prejudice based on the results of the decision to grant the motion on time in this. I make a motion to dismiss with prejudice based on the time witness issue. Second. Okay. Any discussion? All right, roll call vote. Aye. Three. Aye. Aye. Aye. Aye. So interesting. One last issue that you have to deal with which is you've dismissed it with prejudice. There is always the possibility that this is going to come back if a court would disagree with that if there is an appeal. I think it would be sort of unfair to both parties to require them to provide that witness list today. Given that we don't even know what's going to happen. So my suggestion would be is that you lift the requirement to provide the witness list today and to indicate that should you need to revisit that at some later date, you will do so. You can do it. Yeah. I've talked too much today. I move that we delay the provision of witness list until later date. Should we need to do so? I second. Okay. Any discussion? We'll call the committal. Aye. Hear me? Aye. Aye. Aye. Okay, one last thing just so I will be creating a written document that has these things on there. I will send it out to the members of the commission. Probably my paralegal will let you know when it's ready because we'll have a single one with everybody's on there. It's probably not going to be until next week. I know you said, Christian, you're going to be gone. I'll be, but that's 30th. 30th? I'll make a note of that. Yeah, next Friday. Yeah, so we've got time. So I'll have that done in advance of that. I'm out tomorrow. That's one reason. But I will get that all to you for your signatures and for you to look at and make sure that it matches what you said. And then we'll get that out to the parties. Sounds good. All right, any comments before we adjourn? Make a comment? Yes, definitely. Well, obviously I'm pretty disappointed. I kind of thought from the beginning this was going to be heard on technicalities and not the merits because the merits are what they've been hiding from this entire time. So I guess we'll just wait and see how the John Doe plays out. And then maybe I can have, and I told you so moments like this, I don't know. So if this is the type of guy you want as your police chief, I wish you luck. I wish you luck in future lawsuits with Vicky and everyone else that was affected by this matter and good luck. I just want to inform you, you can appeal our decision. Okay. Sounds good, thank you. Thank you Mr. Daniel. And I think, thank you all for your time and careful consideration. I know you all, most of you also have jobs outside of this. So I appreciate the time that you've spent reading the documents and your thoughtful consideration. You have a job to do, but we have certain parameters that we have to operate. Okay, we can adjourn. The agenda has been exhausted. I'm sorry? The agenda has been exhausted. The agenda has been exhausted for adjourn. Thank you very much everyone. Thank you. Thanks Larry. Thank you. You're welcome.


As you remember, from Monday I hope, a lot of what we do here is essentially just sort of an advanced physics one, except that we take into account a lot more instances where the acceleration isn't constant. We won't do a whole lot with actually varying acceleration specifically with time, but we will have periods where there are different accelerations, however, within the periods they're constant. We'll do a couple of those from today too, but for the most part we have to be able to handle any possibility that comes our way. And very often, and John, you probably saw some of this with that daddy we were looking at earlier, the acceleration might not specifically be known as a function of time that can be approximated with a function of time, and then from there we can use a lot of the relationships we are establishing as we went through things. So we didn't add this first possibility that acceleration is a function of time or is known as a function of time. This is the more common one we work with. For obvious reasons, if you have some kind of accelerometer, it's most likely that when it's running and when it's recording, it's recording as a function of time rather than as a function of position or velocity. So we had this possibility that there would be some function of time, whether it's known as actual data points or if the function itself is known, it doesn't really matter. Either way, because the acceleration is the derivative of the velocity, then we know too that the change in velocity is the area under this curve between any two time periods. So that can be very useful to us if we want to go from one to the other that between any two particular time periods, we can just take the area. Now if you have the acceleration, not as a nice function like this that's easy to integrate, but you have it as discrete data points, you can still estimate the area under the curve by simply calculating the area, actually looking at the graph and counting the squares underneath the area and using that as an approximation of the integration. Not at all uncommon to do that sort of thing. In fact, there are software packages nowadays that will take discrete data points and approximate the area under their body, that very method as they estimate what this area would be that we could then use that to find the approximate change in velocity from that area. We have, of course, the special case that the functional relationship with acceleration in time is such that the area is a constant, then simply the integration of this then becomes that, or the derivative of that just becomes that a equals delta v over delta t. So this becomes one of our constant acceleration equations. So that's a very standard, very useful way to work through dynamics problems, especially if you have some accelerometer that's recording the acceleration as a function of time as you go through things. I think the second possibility we looked at was that acceleration was a function of position. I think that's the order we did to them. It's not important what the order is just as long as we get something out of it that we need. So if we have some known relationship between the acceleration and the position, now this is something that might be a lot more likely you could do, especially nowadays, since every smart phone works like a GPS and then most of them have accelerometers in them anyway. I know the iPhones have accelerometers in them. You can get a relationship between whatever acceleration you're seeing and where you happen to be instead and that may come from the very same data stream of the type of thing you were looking at today in general with your trip into school. But this is also the type of thing you'd see in a constrained track of some kind like a roller coaster ride where the accelerometer, the acceleration is very much a position function of where you happen to be on the roller coaster ride and what happens to be going on at the time. But then we looked to what the area under that represented and if I remember between any two particular time period times you need to look at the area under this was the change in the specific kinetic energy. Remember I used that term on Monday, the specific kinetic energy? That's a term you'll come across not so much in this class. In fact I think this will be the only time you'll come across this term where the prefix specific is put on the front of something. It's very common in a class you'll take called thermodynamics. Again a dynamic course we're interested in the change of state of things, in that case the thermal change of state. This prefix specific means nothing more than as per unit mass. If we take the kinetic energy that we remember and divide by the mass we then get this term that we have here would have the change in that specific kinetic energy. This just has to be the specific kinetic energy at one point. But this is a very common thing to do, to divide through by the mass to get the quantity you're discussing per unit mass. It's also fairly standard that when you do that you then go from upper case to lower case for whatever the quantity is so that it makes it easy to recognize. We won't worry about that in this class. This is the last time that I remember that I recall we'll see this type of thing. But when you get to thermodynamics you'll do that kind of thing a lot. Where you have a total quantity of some thermodynamic property and if you divide through by the mass to get a mass per unit mass basis then you go from upper case to lower case and then still talk about it a lot in that way. Alright so just for your future edification we had that kind of thing. Then we looked at the possibility again that the acceleration can be constant and we came up with our second constant acceleration equation of that form. So there we now have two constant acceleration equations. If you have a constant acceleration problem, either of these two equations could apply to your problem depending upon what it is that you'll what you have in the problem to work with. If you have the two velocities and the acceleration and you're worried about distance traveled then that would certainly be the equation to use. And then we had the third possibility, acceleration as a function of velocity. This is very much the nature of fluid dynamic drag. That acceleration is some function of velocity. Very often it's linear with velocity squared, even velocity cubed depending upon the situation. So this is also a very common form for us to come across in the real life study of the physics behind what we're doing. And if you remember then that came to a relationship that looks something like that. And I requested that you remember that because there will be times when we come across it and it's just not an obvious one. It's not one that you're more familiar with. We didn't come across this particular relationship in physics one. So you have to be careful with that. But you don't forget it. Now that in particular led to these very same constant acceleration equations that we have anyway. So it's not going to be of any great use to add anything more to those. However we did have the, oh well that's not quite true. This one did lead to the constant acceleration equation. One half a t squared plus v i t if we left the delta t in there. Remember we got to this by eliminating delta t from the problem, d t from the problem. If we leave it in there then we can integrate the equation to get that. So that's our third constant acceleration equation. Then of course there was a fourth constant acceleration equation that did not come from any one of these standard starting points. You may remember what it was. The fourth constant acceleration equation.  So you could always refer to them. Now it would be a good time. So what? It's using the fact that the average velocity, which we know to be delta s over delta t, the instantaneous velocity is d s d t but the average velocity is delta s delta t and you can arithmetically calculate the average velocity by taking the start velocity and the finish velocity and dividing by two as we would any mean calculation that we would do between two numbers. So we have those four constant acceleration equations at our beck and call as we need them. Alright, so there's a moderately quick summary of where we've gotten to on Monday. Looks sort of familiar from physics one, I hope. Alright, so let's look at a problem. One of the less common ones, students aren't quite as used to, and that's this deal where we have an acceleration as a function of velocity. This is very common, as I said, in fluid dynamics problems. So it's very common when looking at something like a shock absorber or some kind of damped oscillator. They use this very fact to do the job they're supposed to do which is to decrease the acceleration of a problem by using the fact that the acceleration can be a function of velocity. So if we have a piston in a cylinder and that cylinder is filled with fluid, through the cylinder we have a couple small holes. Sorry, through the piston we have a couple small holes. So as the piston moves through the fluid, depending on which way it's moving, the fluid has to travel between those holes as the piston moves up and down the cylinder. Since the drag force can be a function of velocity, then the acceleration, too, is a function of velocity. In fact, it's typically linear to the velocity itself, so we might have a relationship of something like that. Why minus sign? Drag causes the speed to decrease, resulting in negative acceleration. Drag is a friction force. It's always in the opposite direction the object is moving. So if the piston as pictured happens to be moving to the right, the acceleration then is going to be to the left. It's going to cause the piston to slow down if it was moving at some speed. There's no force on it to maintain that speed. It's going to coast down to a stop because of the acceleration in the opposite direction it was moving. And that's exactly what a shock absorber is meant to do, or a dampener in an oscillating system like your shock absorbers are. All right, so we have that set up there, and we'd like to do a couple things with it. So let's first express the velocity, and we have the acceleration express the velocity as a function of time. We know the acceleration is a function of velocity. Let's figure it out as a function of time. Any recommendations, any ideas and what we can do with that to get to that point? We have acceleration as a function of velocity. We want to find the velocity as a function of time. If we use our acceleration, our definition of acceleration, then we can link those very things. We have the acceleration as a function of velocity. We want to find the velocity as a function of time. So we can use this very relationship that we have right there. So moving it around a little bit, then we can integrate between some initial velocity it might have, and then some later velocity it'll have over some initial time period. We'll take the initial time v0, just to make things simpler, to some later time t when it achieves whatever this velocity might be. If we can complete this integration, then we'll have velocity as a function of time, because we'll keep it sort of open-ended at the top limit there. So this side integrates very easily. I'll do it, so you can do the harder one. Joe's getting excited because he knows the integration is coming up. We know the acceleration is... Hang on, we need something else here. Oh, I'm sorry. Sorry about that. We did that the wrong way. Since the acceleration is a function of velocity, you need to collect that there. That's why things weren't going where they wanted them. Now this will integrate between time 0 and some time t, and now this between the velocities, v0 and some later velocity v, whether it's increased or decreased, will depend upon a lot of the things going on in the system. All right, so this we can integrate a little more... a little more... a little more tightly. Sorry, this will be okay. Yes, because I brought the a down. Yep, actually let's just put that k over there where it's easy to slip it in, because I brought the dt up, took the a down, and then integrated both sides. So this side integrates k delta... actually, since the bottom limit is 0, which is to minus kt, and then that side integrates to, remember it's off hand. Yeah, the natural log between the two limits, and since they're subtracting the natural log and then we put them back together, they'd be v0. Or in a more complete form to answer what we were looking for, the velocity is a function of time, that if we solve for the velocity as a function of time, we get v0 e to the minus kt. And what's that look like on a vt graph? Starting at some initial velocity at time 0, then what does the speed do? And remember, this is the piston being unforced, undriven, just simply coasting down at this acceleration where the acceleration is a function of velocity. Well, it'd be a decaying exponential curve. Looks something like that. From the same starting point, let's express now the velocity as a function of time. No, wait, sorry, we did that. What am I looking for? I think the position is a function of time. That makes more sense. Doesn't make any sense to do the same thing over again. Express the position as a function of time. All right, how are we going to manage that beast? And then I'd also like to see what it looks like to an xt curve, where x is measured from some initial position to some later position as a function of time. We do have the velocity as a function of time, and we know then that that's the derivative of the position with respect to time. So we can move it around a little bit. Reintegrate, we'll integrate from 0 to x, and from 0 to t, taking the initial time as 0 itself. That's how we can integrate this. v0 e to the minus kt dt between the semi-open and limits of 0 to t. Who's got that integral? Negative v0. David? What? Negative v0. Integrates to negative v0 over k between those limits. So it just becomes then t. So our position, our change in position, but if we do it from t equals 0, we have then the change in position as a function of time. We saw the e to the negative kt. Oh, you didn't give me the whole integral. Yeah, so the inner, yeah, it's like e to the u du. So we need then, we have the t, and then what part goes with it? Not, it's just e to the minus kt when I bring the x to the minus 1. v0 out in front, e to the minus kt, and then since it'll be the zero power, just that. Divide by negative. What part? The whole thing. Oh, the whole thing over negative k. Let's squeeze that in. v0. We would have caught that looking at the inner. Is that a little better? Yeah, that looks better. Okay, and so that with respect to time looks like assuming it starts at zero. Then what does that look like? It'll reach some or approach some maximum position something like that. Alright, the last possibility is to put the two together where we have the express the velocities of function of the position x. The idea isn't where to start on this one. Acceleration is a function of velocity. We're looking for the velocity as a function of position. What? You didn't forget it? I told you to forget it. I told you you would forget. Okay, we know several of the pieces of this. I'm starting using the x for position here. No, it's arbitrary. This is k v dx equals v dv. If we collect things a little bit so we can do the integration we'll leave the k over with the dx and then put the v dv over v. Well, that's certainly convenient. Then cancel that. And so then we can integrate that minus k delta x equals delta v. And then that graph looks like remember if x equals zero we have some initial velocity and that velocity decreases as the piston moves because of the fluid drag. So it's going to be a decreasing function that looks like a straight line. It's a constant, minus k. Minus gives us the decrease. Something like that. We could have also gotten that from the first two the one I already raised and the second when we got over there if we just put those together and eliminated dt. We would have gotten the same thing. Alright, any questions before I clear up? We'll stop the tape here. Any chance to reset my taper? Now we're going to go to sort of quasi constant acceleration problems those where there's approximately one acceleration and one time period and a different acceleration and a different time period and we're going to go through these to try to figure out what the different parts are that we don't have that need to go with that very same problem. So a couple things we need to remember that I can't imagine you possibly forgotten because we've been doing it in the physical one but the velocity at any point is the slope of the position curve and because of that as well then the change in position is the area under the velocity time graph if you happen to have it that can be very useful to us. It's also true that at any point the acceleration is the velocity graph and of course then the area under the velocity graph between any two points of interest is the area under the acceleration graph if you have that acceleration as a function of time. So keep those in mind plus keep in mind the constant acceleration equation this is always true if acceleration is constant then we have a couple other things that are true that one just says if the acceleration is constant then the acceleration always equals the average acceleration and we have our other constant acceleration equations just rewriting what we had a couple minutes ago in a less condensed form than in the last one in every buddy's paper we have those four constant acceleration equations what? we would have caught that looking at the units the units wouldn't have worked out thank you David so we have those four constant acceleration equations if you remember from physics one if you took it with me I know we went over it this way there are possible variables in any constant acceleration equation sorry, problem and it's any of these five that show delta t delta s v1 v2 and hey those are the only five possible variables in the constant acceleration problem notice that only four of them have any one of these equations whatever four constant acceleration whatever four variables are part of the problem you're working on three of them you'll know one of them you won't that tells you which one of these equations which one of these equations to use whatever four variables you've got in the problem one of these equations has those four variables that's the equation you use I remember taking this course and well physics one and this course and just not understanding in the sample problems in the book how they knew which equation to use they just started using one of the equations and I finally realized if you lay it out this way there's always four in any one problem three of them are known one isn't and those four tell you which one of the equations to use alright so let's let's do a sample problem here imagine the position of a bicycle is known it's very the same type of thing that John would have gotten off his GPS software as a function of time and we'll use good standard American units of feet and let's say it went something like this after about ten seconds the bicycle would have covered approximately a hundred feet and then at some time later say thirty seconds not about to scale it had covered another portion of the distance such that position was varying in that regard and then was linearly changing thereafter actually I need to fix this this is why you should take nose and chalk just need to bring my hundred down a little bit so it looks something like that so we have a curved section linear section and it reaches a distance of about 500 feet after 30 seconds for that first section maybe we'll call it section A the position is proportional to T squared and then of course for the second section it's linear which means it fits the form S equals M T plus B and B is the Y intercept so let's find for each of these graphs find the graphs we've already got the position now so let's find velocity as a function of time and acceleration as a function of time for these graphs alright well we know the velocity is ds dt we're not going to be able to find that until we have this functional form of the two sections for the the data that we have for section A how can we figure out what K is if we figure out what K is then it's a fairly straightforward manner of differentiating it once and then differentiating it twice to get the acceleration how can we figure out what K is Joe you look like you knew for a second you need to figure out what K is you also need to figure out what M and B are we need to do this but we need to do this separately because it's a different functional form for each section any ideas to find K we can put any one of the data points in any data point that lies on the curve we can put in here and solve for K so we have a point which is at 100 feet and it took 10 seconds to get there and we can solve for K do it in your head 10 squared in your head any units on it well if we have seconds in here and feet over here this will be second squared this would better be feet per second squared for acceleration it might be certainly got the units for it is that the acceleration very very simple for me to write down equals A and I'm done with this part for section 2 sorry for section A well is this section a constant acceleration section the position is a function of we take the first derivative to get velocity that will be a function of T the second derivative will be a function of T squared well it will just be a the constant the second derivative will get rid of the function of independent amount of time so it is constant acceleration in this section is that this acceleration we don't have to guess let's take it a little farther now that we know this let's do this derivative we don't need to guess the equations will tell us what to do we've got d dT of one foot per second squared T squared I don't like writing it down without the units even if it's a one out in front by one is that right? two comes down reduce the power by one we get two feet squared T is that the acceleration which one of these is the acceleration is it this is it that or is it neither delivering again A equals dvT that will solve this problem once and for all for us we've got dv per second squared T that's an easy one to derivative we get dv per second squared as the acceleration why wasn't that the acceleration because the acceleration as defined by one equation is twice as okay well we knew that when we got down it here but if we're just looking at this there's some way to tell that was not the acceleration that was only half the acceleration or we have a constant acceleration equation that looks like this normally has dvT there but our initial velocity is zero so I just left it off so whatever's out in front of the T squared which is our K is one half A and so by the time we got to the bottom it all agreed so now we know the velocity and the acceleration for section A velocity is 2T squared with all the positions and all the velocities being in English units and the acceleration in section A is just the two feet per second squared you get sloppy with units I don't have to do it too okay so we get that then for section A what about section B oh yeah the position is T squared again we would have caught that if we put numbers in with our units alright so that's section A where are we going to fit in section B we've got the position well we at least know it's linear what we don't have is the slope and the intercept how are we going to find those oh man see this is rough because you can't think back to calc for this you've got to go back to pre-pre-calc for this which for me was 40 years ago so I have an excuse you don't well we could do the same thing we did before put in how many data points will we need to use in this case we'll need two we have two we have two unknowns we need two data points two known points well we've got two so we can put those in not to belabor the point because that's not the situation here you can pretty quickly come up with those the slope you can get right off here in 20 seconds it goes 400 feet so that's what 400 feet over 20 seconds or 20 feet per second t and then I believe the intercept comes out to be minus 100 it's there about minus 100 and then real quickly we can do what we need to do again derivorate those units are in feet what it's just that we're too excited during derivoration too much and so the acceleration is 0 alright let's do this let's plot the velocity as a function of time and then we can do the same thing for the acceleration as a function of time for section A what's the velocity look like for section A it's linear with a slope of 2 and an intercept of 0 how far, how fast is it moving after that first 10 seconds it'll be moving 20 feet per second so we put the two sections together should look something like that is that jive what's the acceleration graph look like then it's 2 at between 0 and section A it's just the slope of the velocity curve which is a constant is what do we have 2 that's feet per second squared and then 0 then 0 for the rest let me ask you this what's that area represent and can we double check it upon any of the others to make sure it all agrees what's the area under a velocity time graph equal to distance distance traveled between those same times so this area is 10 times 20 times a half is 100 and that's how far it went for section A this area see another 20 seconds at 20 feet per second 400 feet and it went another 400 feet in section B so these graphs agree going up and down derivative coming down and the area going up what's this area cool it David take a break kick back a little bit Joe was saying darn he was doing great what is that area equal to could be nothing just because we can take the area on their graph doesn't necessarily mean it means something does this area here represent anything Bill you're not yet change of velocity change in velocity between the same two times 10 seconds and 2 feet per second that area that change of velocity is 20 and that's just what happens here change of velocity between there at the same point what about section B here's a tough one what's the area under the graph for section B negative negative area how about the zero area meaning the change of velocity was zero and that's exactly what we saw there do these do these three graphs taken together look like something else you've studied in your recent past doesn't this exactly the way the shear moment diagrams go the load the shear and the moment diagrams have exactly the same relationships as these ones do alright I'll let you do one a little bit see what you can put together for it this time I'll start with the acceleration graph you come up with the two other graphs the velocity and the position graph it looks like something like that so here's the 10 seconds we have an acceleration like that 10 meters per second any time we get numbers down we better get the units down as well and then after 10 seconds we have negative acceleration well let's say these are test results for a car in fact we'll make it my car very my car better you're a bit of a realist sometimes David so test results for a car what does the velocity time graph look like what does the position time graph look like just like in the shear moment diagrams things change in the three graphs at the same time for each of them we'll just run this one out to some some end time t maybe we'll call it t prime some end time t there and I don't know what that is what is your acceleration when t is about 10 seconds again at 10 seconds it changes abruptly from that to that I don't see it labeled your lower line there oh the value for it alright minus two that's what you needed too many things to think about way too many things to think about up here go under all kinds of pressure alright and I'll give you that it starts from a standing stop we'll measure things from there and that was its initial velocity trial for you guys works the same way our shear moment diagrams worked and put numbers to these different important spots here through the problem and then things like total distance covered final velocity intermediate velocities if you can come up with them those kind of things this goes well we'll have a get out of class question we can start early go to 35 remember I tried to go to 20 after on Monday what do you got Tom remember the acceleration is the slope of the velocity curve and the pressure started on these pieces remember one thing that's unknown is what this T prime is see if that piece of it can come into it filled and okay do we need our work oh meter where should I set it there's our work oh meter we're we're right about there maybe Travis I think is already done so his work oh meter is a little bit lower can that help some got a little bit there alright the slope of the velocity curve is acceleration and acceleration is 10 here then we know the slope is 10 down here since the acceleration is constant then the slope is constant it's a straight line so let's see what's that area represent this area here represent change in velocity and we're starting from v to 0 so it'll be the final velocity after that time period that area is 10 seconds by 10 meters per second so we're going to end up at 100 meters per second at the end of that time period then what then what happens after that section decelerates as we use in the common terminology has negative acceleration slope is only minus 2 until when yeah until t prime but what do you think that is t prime is 0 yeah it's a test car if we don't bring it back to a stop somewhere we just let it keep going we've lost the valuable piece of test equipment so we can pretty well assume that it's going to come back to a stop and the driver can get out of it so that slope is 10 meters per second squared this slope is minus 2 meters per second squared what is that area what is this area across here maybe it helps if we call them section a and b again like we did before what's this area in section b represent still represents change in velocity the area under the acceleration curve between any two times is the change in velocity how do these two areas compare maybe this is delta a delta b a delta b b for the two different sections how do those two areas compare they've got to be equal whatever speed it picked up here it's got to lose here to come to a stop you can use that then to find out what a t prime is what is t prime we have a 100 an area of 100 meters per second here we need to have a minus 100 meters per second here it's a minus 2 so we need another delta t of 50 seconds so we know that t prime then is 60 seconds because we started that time period in t what about this second one we're going to have to go up for that part what about this second graph velocity starts at 0 what's that tell us on the position graph no the velocity is 0 here what does that mean for the position it means the slope for the position graph so we start at 0 slope and then steadily increase the slope to here then what happens the slope steadily decreases back to 0 the only way we're going to be able to draw something like that is a curve that starts at 0 slope until it reaches 0 then we're going to have something like that remember the second derivative of a curve tells you it's curvature the acceleration is the second derivative so it tells us the curvature of the position graph acceleration is positive curvature is up acceleration is negative curvature is down so what is the final distance then travel how can we figure that out David I told you to take a break my problem I'm going to do the principle how can we fairly easily figure out what this position is the total area under the velocity curve is delta s and so that's 1 half of 10 that's 500 and 1 half of 15 times 100 that's what 25 500 500 plus 25 1000 total distance of about 3000 meters there's other ways to find that that's probably as easy as anything just calculate the area and you're trying to do the shapes alright last little thing you get out a class question and the weekend starts what you don't have a weekend alright here's a city limit sign 500 meters from that sign r why don't we make it my car traveling on the ground thank you David caught that the velocity of 15 meters per second if the acceleration is 4 meters per second squared find and you get 4 minutes I'll only make you find one thing otherwise you'll never get out early find the position at 2 seconds assuming that acceleration is constant and that's your get out of class question you get it, you get a door note you don't get it, you stay here for the weekend I want to know how far from town it is you got it Chris? you want to go earlier? alright let's say that's not what I had I never do anything wrong as we know this on David double check that remember I'm asking you how far from town it is so your number doesn't make any sense Chris started 500 meters from town from there with that velocity at that point that acceleration at that point where does it end up 2 seconds later does that help, now that I drew it up there you can just measure it just do something it's going 2 seconds so it's just not too tense 2 seconds no, look where it's pointed do you drive backwards when you drive? look at the car, the town's here oh my goodness 500 plus if we were in Arizona you'd be lost that's wide open spaces out there I guess not you would have been so if this was a tombstone they would have shot you full of holes now you have another number that's fine that's not what I had is that what you had? that's not at all what I had maybe we're going to be here for the weekend anybody have something else? David let's see yeah that's what I had oh wait no that's not the right thing nope no I looked at the wrong number alright we'll do it together want to find where it is at 2 seconds so we can call that S sub F we have 4 things in this problem well we're looking for S but that's the same as delta S so we'll represent that that way we've got velocity acceleration and time which equation has those 4 things in it change of position velocity acceleration and time t squared plus b1t so the initial position is 500 meters 1 half the acceleration 4 meters per second squared times 2 seconds squared what's that? half that's 8 times 4 is 32 and you guys had 38 38 that's 2 squared and then the initial velocity oh I've had more on here same as 0 there plus 15 meters per second plus 2 seconds that's 538 you sure? 0.5 when you multiply 0.5 by 0.5 1 acceleration by 0.5 4 meters per second squared here? oh in my head see I have like 740 meters so yeah that's the nature of a little red sports car so I don't know I don't know what that is alright here's what we'll do next week I'll let you go 2 minutes early