How to shut down the narcissist, how to end a conversation that is hidden in a direction you don't like, how to end the argument or disagreement when it is gotten out of control, how to prevent them from continuing their course of action. You have to accept that the narcissist has their reality and just as you don't like them controlling your reality, you cannot control theirs, you cannot make them see things the way that you do. We have to change our programming, which was developed in childhood, how we take other people's opinions of us so personally. It's the narcissist's perception of us that makes us uncomfortable and we try to change their perception because we're upset that they see us in this way and we want them to see us differently and then you're just feeding into the argument by trying to change their perception of you. You are trying to control how they see the situation.  So why should we control theirs even though their perception may not be true or accurate? They're still entitled to their opinions, they have the right to perceive us that way if they choose to and we have no right to control how they see us. When you accept that the narcissist is allowed to have their own perception of you, it changes the game because they take their power from you by trying to get you to convince them that they're wrong, by getting you in a position where you're trying to change their minds. When you do that, you're given your power to them but if you practice neutrality and you just accept the moment as it is, you've accepted that they're allowed to have these perceptions of you and then you get to keep your power. Instead of giving your power to them, the more you try to resist what they're saying, the more power they will have over you, what you resist, persists, the more you resist anything, the more you bring it to you. So practice acceptance by allowing them to have their perception of you without trying to change it, without trying to make them see things in the way that you do even if how they're seeing it is wrong. If you try to convince them of the truth, they're just going to spin you around in circles. They're going to deny, project, blame shift, gaslight, use double standards and double binds. It's very rare that the narcissist will just accept something without a fight. They get a high from engaging in arguments. It's an opportunity for them to release over in a turmoil and garbage onto you. It makes them feel better about themselves, which is why it's best to avoid feeding into these situations. Don't wrestle with a pig. You might get dirty and besides the pigs like it. You can observe what the narcissist is saying, but don't absorb it. Don't identify with it. Don't let it become a part of you. Recognize the separation between how the narcissist sees you and how you see yourself and understand that you don't have to change or see yourself differently to match the narcissist's perception of you.  They're allowed to see things however they choose to. They're allowed to have their perceptions of you even if they aren't true. The narcissist will act like they know you better. Than you know yourself. As if they know what you're thinking. They know why you said what you said or did what you did. They don't even realize that they've just trained you to reflect their inner reality and all they're really doing is delving deeper into their own darkness. They project their thoughts and feelings onto you. They think that you think the same way that they do and they expect you to identify with it so that it makes it more believable for them. They continue to exist in their reality. They don't really care about what is right or wrong, true or false. All they care about is defending their distorted reality because that's what makes them feel stable and secure. It provides them with a false sense of safety and security and when you challenge their perspective they feel like they're in the fight for their lives. They will do whatever it takes to defend their reality and the best way for them to do that is by targeting your world and get you to defend your reality. So instead of trying to change their perspective let them think whatever they want. Just tell them I am sorry you feel that way. Instead of defending yourself let them have their reality. Put the focus back on them. Understand that they have a right to see you or however they want. Understand that you cannot control how they see you. When you do that you are disarming the narcissist.  Tell them that you accept the perception of you. Whatever they think about you you're okay with it. You may not agree with it but you're not going to control how they see you. You're not going to engage in that argument. You're just going to accept how they think and feel about you and when you do that it shuts the narcissist down. It tells them that you're not going to play their game.   You're not going to let them dictate your choices and that is how you shut down the narcissist. Thank you for watching. I hope this video wears out with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications of my future videos. Check out the new Narc Survival website at www.narcsurviver.uk where you can read my blog posts, follow coaching sessions and join a support forum. If you would like to donate my PayPal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries you can email me at coaching.narcsurviver.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Freely is not too happy in the midst of this I am no longer vegan drama that has just been growing and growing recently Okay, so let me start by saying I know every one of these well-known youtubers making these why I'm no longer vegan videos some of them I know are very well have hung out a lot and I like them as people not that they would ever publicly support me or anything like that But still this is a video for anyone out there who's ever made one of these why I'm no longer vegan Videos, so I've been in this movement for over 12 years. I've seen people come and go.   I don't know 10 years or so The way that these vegans act in response to these I am no longer vegan videos Just reinforces the religious and cult-like behavior of this movement Instead of acknowledging or considering that hey, maybe this diet doesn't work for everyone That that's even a possibility showing any sort of objective thinking or open-mindedness It makes it very clear that their true intention is based on the misconceptions they have about animal cruelty And let's get this straight if you make a video why I am no longer vegan You are never actually vegan to begin with so remove the word vegan from the title and replace it with plant-based Because what you're doing now is exploiting Misrepresenting confusing the whole movement to the public just for your own selfish benefits You were not vegan Because actual vegans would never contemplate going back to paying for the abuse Torture and slaughter of their friends Never never never But of course those making these videos won't remove the word vegan from the video title because they're actually monetizing these videos Essentially making blood money Sweetie, you can't have it both ways. Although I know plenty of girls who like it two ways Complaining about people making money when you're doing the same thing yourself Except you're poisoning people with your advice.  It's completely crazy I don't know what her understanding of cruelty is but there's no diet that is animal cruelty free Just because you aren't directly eating the animal or stepping on the bug in your apartment Does not mean that it's not getting harmed or that animals aren't getting displaced commercial agriculture spraying pesticides monocropping there's many negative things that happened from The displacement of all of these animals to grinding up of rabbits and baby deer in the harvesters Killing millions and millions of insects exploitation of bees. There's many negative aspects of commercial farming that are used to give you that fruit that plate of cereal Whether it's those animals being ground up in the combine or whether slave labor is being used to pick your avocados There is some degree of cruelty being used in your diet unless you are supporting sustainable agriculture I care about animals. I actually understand ecosystems and it takes life to give life Vegans choose to live in this fairytale land. They want to stay disconnected with nature go to old foods go to these markets buying fruits out of season Mutant vegetables whatever it may be to make themselves feel better because they are not directly involved in the killing of Well, what they consider animal life to them It's okay for humans and animals to suffer as long as they are not present And acknowledging it maybe if vegans showed some compassion for their own race They would be a little more successful with their movement animals are meant to eat other living beings We are so disconnected with nature and what it takes to survive That we are considering a vital part of our history being the consumption of animal foods To not be something we should be doing anymore losing this part of human primal instinct is only something that we are able to see in the context of modern society They do whatever it fucking takes to heal And actual vegans know that eating corpse does not heal.  We know this we know this No, we actually know the opposite animal foods do heal your gut. They do clear up your skin They do give you energy levels vegans are frightened of people knowing that they feel better consuming animal foods People have tried every single version of vegan diets to failure And then they miraculously feel better after one meal or a matter of days of consuming animal foods They suddenly become healthy get their vitality back from these animal foods But referring to animal foods as dead corpses is supposed to make them bad for you There has never been a group of people that has subsisted off of a vegan diet in history Every single indigenous group has consumed approximately 65 of their calories from animal foods as a minimum The presence of these animal nutrients in the form of fat soluble vitamins has been present for all of human history Except for the vegan diet This witch is so confident with her dangerous advice while she is probably Shitting her brains out on some crickets in the woods every hour and a half And there is a common theme throughout these videos this obsession with hens periods aka eggs I mean the irony is that eggs are so fucking unhealthy that you literally cannot even state on packaging in the usa For instance that they are healthy. You cannot say that it's illegal. You can't say they're helpful You can't even say they contribute helpful components You know why because it has been it has been shown time and time again that they are little acid balls of cruelty You know, you can't even say that they are a good source of protein because they're not the reason that you can't label Eggs as healthy has a lot to do with low cholesterol propaganda Ironically eggs contain all of the nutrients missing on your vegan diet They aren't good sources of protein. They're little acid balls of cruelty vegans tend to demonize animal products with these words thinking it does something Almost every major health organization has acknowledged that dietary cholesterol is not correlated with serum cholesterol As the body adjusts to demands regardless of the diet and when you look at the nutrient profile of eggs And how they literally contain every single vitamin mineral and elements your body needs It becomes very clear that There is a lack of understanding of nutrition in general let alone People on the vegan diet that might have a bias towards not consuming animal products But I digress, you know, this is Basically, this is like an irrelevant side point to the fact that the egg industry is a fucking torture train for billions and billions of baby chicks and chickens around the world every year Do some research educate yourself and you'll never eat them again When vegans tell you to do your own research What they actually mean is go look at dr. Greger and dr. McDooble and ignore any non vegan research Because if you actually did your own research you wouldn't be following a vegan diet And in this specific case if she researched eggs She would have found out how nutrient dense they were vegans are so out of touch with nature They never acknowledge the idea of sustainable cruelty free pasture raised animals When I go to the farmers market later and buy eggs from pasture sustainable chickens living in a natural ecosystem Vegans have very little to say about it Especially considering they need 15 ingredients shipped from all around the world and plastic packaging to make a fake egg So Another thing i've noticed is this theme with fish throughout these videos Suddenly fish aren't fucking animals fish aren't meat and it's okay to eat them Why because they swim in the water like what is the what? You know, they have hearts. They have faces. They have eyes. They have a nervous system.   I find this behavior really untrustworthy I cannot trust these people and it just makes this whole charade about their ego and not about the animals The simple fact is if you eat animals, you are pro animal cruelty. That is it How can you be anything else?    Okay What's mean and savage is paying someone to slaughter our friend for a meal I care about what is truly important and that's saving the lives of innocent animals Not sending them to slaughter because you have some Pimples and you have gut issues or you have whatever. I don't care what your problem is There is always always a vegan solution And you are just lying to yourself and making up excuses trying to say there isn't You've been debunked many many times Don't give me a pity story when your pity story ends the lives of animals If you think your situation is bad Think about being the one who is watching friends and families Family members be slaughtered in front of them and waiting for their turn The flesh you have on your plate is the dead body of someone who wanted to live Let that sink in and lastly we need to counteract these why I am no longer vegan videos With videos from those of you who are actually vegan who are vegan for life Why I am still vegan, you know make videos with that title or counteract these videos because it is not okay Don't make light of this situation Animals lives are involved.   I'm surprised vegans are so caring about animals and lack compassion just in their lives for other things I really just have a hard time putting the whole thing together because We know from a health perspective a vegan diet is not ideal We know from an environmental perspective that we are being lied to about how much of an impact going plant-based actually is And from the moral or ethical perspective, there is definitely some fogginess between commercial agriculture being used to harvest plant products And sourcing animal fruits from local sustainable cruelty-free sources So thank you guys for watching. If you guys would like to support the channel, please subscribe and share the video I will put a bunch of recommended videos at the end of this in regards to vegan versus carnivore nutrients in regards to debunking vegan 2018 If you guys want to look into this further in the comments I just have a bunch of stuff from my amazon shop to my patreon Social media pages if you guys would like to reach out to me for one-on-one consultations any of you X vegans or soon-to-be x vegans out there need help incorporating animal foods into your diet Feel free to shoot me an email frank atufano at gmail.com or reach out to me through the contact form on my website


All right, you guys we're out here in LA at untied and I'm on my guy legit Tim We're about to go sneaker shopping. Well, I guess he's about to go sneaker shopping I'm excited to see what you about to pick up. I'm excited bro. We're out here in LA. The weather is amazing So let's go shopping go Lakers. Let's get it After you my sir. Thank you. Thank you. Wow, bro. This is lit, bro This store is honestly one of the craziest stores I've been in they got sneakers all on the wall Got all the basketballs up there, bro. The Louis Vuitton skateboards. Those are crazy. Yeah, there's definitely gonna be a lot in here Do you want to kind of like just work your way around the store? Do you want to go with the clothes first? I mean, I'm down bro. However, you want to run this? All right, let's go on this side first So my first question for you is how do you feel about Yeezys? Do you collect them? Are you kind of on buying any like okay? What's going on? I feel like the 350s were really crazy I remember when this you first drop bro the first v2 ever dropped. I actually wanted this is crazy, bro I actually won it in a raffle And I could have bought it for retail so I bought them for retail. I didn't like the shoe so I didn't like the shoe So I sold it to my boy for retail at the time and I regretted ever since I was like I should have kept the shoe because it was really for now Like they're going for something crazy. Well, they went up and then they went back down, right? So, okay, not a total loss But it was still kind of like a loss at the time bro because they went sky high and I was like, bro I should have kept the shoe and they kind of grew on me, bro But like I sold them for retail. So I'm a firm believer of buy what you like so for me I'm like if you didn't like it, it's not a lot So like you got your shoe you got out maybe if you saw it for a couple bucks or even if you hook the homie up You're good. I think it's good. I agree with you I think like these I'm kind of over like the whole like black with the color striped design To be honest my favorite Yeezy has got to be bro the dad ones That's true that dad shoes bro like I'll rock those all day. What is that? That's like the analog colorway, right? Like the all triple white bro. I cannot tell you correct me I'm so out of connection with but like that cream white colorway I feel like I could kind of match that with anything but to be honest, man I kind of feel like this is the future right? Oh my god The foamers don't say that don't say that future of sneakers, bro. Please don't come in bro We got the metaverse. You know I'm saying you know comes the foam you be rockin I'll be rockin these almost every day at the crib at the crib Okay, if I'm going to the Dollar General. I'm going to Walmart. You know what I mean? I'll put on a pair of these I rock these both for like a straight. I rocked them for like a straight Six months to a year bro every single day. Oh my god I don't know bro. I was kind of like I don't want to wear them anymore because I just I don't know I look at them on my feet and I just feel like people don't take me serious when I'm on right You know People look at me like what is that guy wearing especially in Texas, bro? Like if I was in LA it'd be different, but in Texas yet Okay, so you copying any easy today definitely not any easy I pretty much got the ones that I like I got all like the white on white. So I think we're good for the easy. Okay. Okay, so over here air maxi Right like he's done. This is definitely changing the game man I mean, I know like a lot of the kids nowadays, especially my demo. They're all into Dunks so super big with like I feel like the sneakers have been crazy Like cuz like back in the day if you were sneakerhead you only were into like certain shoes and like I mean not Shoes, but you were into like, you know all the Jordans and everything and I feel like the kids now all they care about is dunks Like literally all they care about so like I don't even think like I have these these are fire, bro These are actually super fire see my struggle is like being a size 13 It just is such a big shoe like I can't do it right, but I like it I really like to shoot a hundred percent. I think like for me, bro I really like like the triple white colorways because I feel like you could wear it with anything It always looks super clean My problem, bro is like I was gonna shoot like this and then I beat it to the ground So like mine are like disgusting right now It's what the kids want man, I mean the dunks super easy shoot personally I'm gonna let you know I'm not a massive fan of the Nike don't to be honest. Okay, you know why Jordan one low I'll see you got the one low. I could rock the one lows. I'm still kind of like on the fence about them These are fire But the reason why I don't like the Duncan.  Okay. Okay. I don't want you to be looking down on me, bro These right here This is this is a dope sneaker. You know what's crazy, bro when I was in high school everybody in their mom had Yes, I never had it So like I was always wondering like what's up with those shoes like why does everybody have this sneaker right here until I got My pair the camera man shout out to him. He bought me my first pair for my birthday I wear these like all the time now, bro And like this is like my go-to not the supreme one but just always right These are my go-to gym shoes because like if you know you got like when you're squatting and stuff You need that platform. Yeah, that's flat So yeah, these are my go-to gym shoes right there. Okay, but yeah, mine are disgusting, too I got any new pair of forces So SB's you don't like SB's either even though they're more comfortable or anything I don't have a pair of SB's yet to be honest with you and I was actually kind of looking at these right here. Okay Yeah, there's Sean Cliver. Yeah, this is Sean Cliver. This one right here. Yeah. Yeah So I did a couple different versions of these right here these and then I think the FTCs. Yeah colorways Those are pretty fire. Yeah, um, but yeah, I mean, I just think this is different, bro I like the colors on it. I like how the gold pops. Mm-hmm. I like that's definitely a clean shoe for sure For me, it's like price. It's a struggle, too Like I don't know for your size. I don't know but I don't know for a 13 again It's a struggle like the price will like double in some It's literally There's some shoes. I've seen like 400 bucks and then like in my size 800 I'm like, how is it double and it's the same shoe literally the same thing So it'd be a struggle for me sometimes when it comes to things. I got you. I got you We got to get you to Sakai's the new okay Yeah, I feel like I feel like really I feel like people don't really see my height row on camera But like standing next to this dude, bro, like he's like an NBA player. So this guy's like So don't you know I'm saying I'm like a six something Okay, if you could say favorite sneaker of all time favorite sneaker of all time right there, bro, right there You might yeah, you might real quick, bro. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you This is like just a perfect shoe this is like the best you ever made I think it's simple It goes with everything I think like bro on the 11th when I was coming up in shoes The leavens were like the hottest definitely the hottest I think I think after the past 10 years of 11s for Christmas for the best 10 years, right? It's kind of saturated a little bit We don't see it as often throughout the year and the Jordan one just comes so many times throughout the year It's just like it went from 11. Yeah, and I feel like these kids don't even remember But like I feel like it went from like the 11 being the hottest to like the Jordan ones Mm-hmm, which is really weird. Mm-hmm. But now the force now for us are taking. Yeah So the force we'll get to the force when we get to the force But um To be honest with you, I like the lower cut better and that's another thing, right? It's what you grew up with and like they go back to the OG style, and it's like that's what we originally had So you're saying you grew up with this so you can do a different thing. Yeah, you know I'm saying With this I remember that cut because you're gonna reveal your age. No, I'll just turn 35 But I remember that time back in the day because my foot was bigger when I was young right right and my mom She was buying all the OG's in the smallest men's eyes your mom was my mom and my dad my parents was both rockin So for me, it was like oh, I could fit my mom's pair She had the OG bread 11 and all this stuff. So I remember those times So you grew up with the retro with the retro No, I started collecting in like oh five. Oh, well, I grew up. Oh everybody was on team Jordan's Like everybody was on team. I remember those times remember with the elastic band around Yeah, and then I also what I also grew up bro was like a lot of Bulgash use bro, which is like the flea market sneakers. Oh, so like fakes galore So I don't know how growing up. I don't know how many people had fakes, but I'm sure would you where you grew up at? I grew up in San Antonio San Antonio outside though. So yeah, I mean the face was even worse over there the people that have the retros I feel like nobody gave them the credit that they deserve because nobody knew About retros right like people just thought Jordan's Jordan's like all those are fire and they're like team Jordan's right back in the day You know what I mean, but to be honest, well, I can even become a sneakerhead until Maybe freshman year and a freshman year before that. I was all up on um Supras to be honest Supras is what got me into shoes.  What's your rockin creative rex and all that's like screw creative rex not No, bro, so I was pissed at creative rex. Okay, so this is a funny story So I wouldn't go into high school. I got some creative rex. I had them on my feet The coach made us run laps in them.  I was like, hey, your shoes are not good They did not hold up. They're like they're like, we're sorry We cannot give you another pair of shoes for it and ever since then that's when I was like a little on my YouTube And I was like, okay, I'll let out my subscribers. No I never did Small though I had like a thousand subscribers Like the North from racking go get them for the low and everything right but man I was back in the day bro.  I saved up forever I got them here was that that was when they drop the tour ball before I was a freshman so 2012 Yeah, around there. I was something like that second pair of shoes was Great fives great fives. Yep third pair of shoes was the Olympic Jordan sevens. Oh, but they turn out to be fake So funny story I was yeah, bro, so I got them from a Facebook deal I was trying to sell them at the flea market one day and a collector came and he's like, you know, these are fake Right, they don't have the Q the UPC code right and so then I was you know That was crazy and then after that the pair of shoes that I was like dying for bro Was actually the concord with the Lowe's the Lowe's house. So when those came out that was like a changer for me That was like, yeah, I need so bad. It's all I can think about I was just trying to make money like selling candy cutting grass whatever I could do because I couldn't get A job at the time I was too young And I got him bro, and they were so that's it. That's what's up. And then after that it just everything went crazy But actually if you want to go, I probably should we should probably move around a little bit. I'm talking too much To be real with you the reason I started my channel bro was I was really really into shoes And I really like sneakers, but I couldn't afford them bro So like this was before I had like I think I had just a toro bravos and I would make my videos going into thrift stores pawn shops Ross marshals flea markets looking for sneakers for cheap and so like that I didn't have money So that's how I like started my channel from the beginning because I couldn't afford it And those videos ended up going crazy And then I made money so that I could buy sneakers and yeah, it's just glory to God, bro But you got any tips for young youtubers out there that's watching this video, too Way too complicated go on tiktok and dance YouTube is way too hard now, bro. I'm telling you yes exactly get those brand deals kids That's funny. Okay, so Jordan four is three Oh into the ones you see I gotta stop you right there sneakers app I've never won on the sneakers that before never. I just happened to win those two Jordan fives Both Jordan fives off lights from the sneakers. That's clutch. I don't know I didn't want to do them. Did you keep them when you sell them? Yeah I hit the I hit the black pair on sneakers. I got the sale pair from Souls deals nice. Yeah, that's good times Okay, so the Jordan four is like one of the hottest right models right now Have there been any that's been kind of catching your eye. You got different collaborations I feel like the Jordan four was like my favorite sneaker before they were hot so like back in 2012 This was like my go-to like this over everything. This was my shoe right here So this is like your second grill model you got eleven like I'm like I'm over the force now, bro Really, like yeah, I feel like I bought so many Jordan fours every time the fours will come out They're my favorite had the bread had the white cement The classic kind of I like I don't know I kind of like got over them. I just I feel like they're too much What do you think about what do you think about the military blue fours coming out? But this was to come out make sure white with the blue supposed to have the Nike on the back To me bro like the reason I don't like Jordan fours is like because I feel like I'll wear this as a freshman I feel like it reminds me of like wearing like little kid shoes or something back in the day Yeah, like it like I don't I couldn't imagine being 24 Wearing Jordan fours. I don't know just personally It's just something there that I'm like it's more for the younger kids Like I don't know because they got it trending right now. I guess I don't know I feel like it's so loud like it's so much to like wear on your feet Like it's not subtle like I feel like you could bust out to three bust out the fives even and be like kind of subtle Right. Those are right there very subtle. I don't think that they're too crazy Just enough yeah, but like something like this is like whoa Well, I know like the black cats or something like that is a lot easier for yeah Like thrift stores and stuff so you're saying anything you like it so far so far I think I kind of have an idea maybe but I still kind of like want to walk around. Okay, but yeah, bro Let's okay Jordan ones. Everybody's crazy about the Jordan ones. I'm not a fan of Jordan ones I'm sorry. I have to say it. I'm not a massive fan of Jordan ones The only Jordan one are the Travis's and let me tell you why I have a theory and you got to tell me if I'm correct or not Like those up there the Travis got the original brown one The reason why is because I truly believe whenever Nike does a collaboration. It's way better quality. Yes No, the collaboration So that's why I would rather like instead of buying like five pairs of Jordan ones I'd rather just buy one pair better quality wear it every day Let's go with everything dude. That makes sense. That definitely makes sense. What about like the fragment and stuff like that Everybody's up in the low tops like it's crazy because I like the fragment I just feel like like they're too much still too much people say they look like bowling shoes. I like them I like them. I don't know I like them, but I just like yeah ping like two racks. I don't just yeah I know I feel you I feel you and that's was another crazy thing right to see low tops are selling for more than high Crazy, that's crazy. That's right. Some of the collaborations are hitting like that point. So Oh my boy favorite who pinks you Kobe's bro. Which one's the Kobe? The tens the nine or the tens the nine on the high top one is a no no no not the high top ones We're gonna have to Google this bro. I don't know Everybody loves these the grinch is let me see I bought them out of no definitely. Oh, yeah, it is the The 10 oh wait, it's this one. It's not even a color the 80 the 80s the most recent Dude so no so I got these at the at the Nike outlet bro Okay, they're the most comfortable shoot who pinch you I've ever had I was like quick enough, bro I see you got the LeBron Jersey on LeBron. What do you think about the new LeBron 20s? Everybody's saying they're like knock off. I feel like I feel like LeBron like me to stop focusing on like hooping shoes And he needs to like make more lifestyle shoes like Jordan like I don't know Yeah, I mean, I know that Jordan like it was supposed to be okay But what Jordan lifestyle shoes were good though. No, but like I feel like a lot of them were kind of Do I say this? How do I say this? How do I say so like back in the day you would hoop in this, right? Yeah, now you wouldn't hoop in this, right? I feel like LeBron needs to follow that and make sure that you wouldn't necessarily hoop in Yeah, like the LeBron twos and stuff is like kind of coming out again So I honestly miss the days where like everybody was like busting out like the LeBron tens like the South Beach 8 Fire roll back in the day like we used to just wear basketball shoes like normal No for real for a definitely remember those times you get there. We got heat on this one. No, that's what I was gonna That's what I was waiting for you copy over here. I'm only spending a hundred K on a shoe, bro Yeah, I don't think you can get anything on this wall. It's all pretty cheap. Okay, I'm talking about 20 to 30 20 35 K I don't know if that's gonna. Yeah, I don't know to be honest, bro I was actually like no no honestly, bro Like I was actually thinking about just like so like this is pretty comfy. Yeah, I was like I've been eyeing this the whole time I think I might just take off with this bench to be honest How much do you think they want for the bench, bro? Well, can you help me load this up in the car? Let's go ahead. I think we're gonna load this up, bro. You got the camera on it too. Perfect. Okay. Yeah We're gonna cash out today. Thank you for watching sneaker shopping. We ended up getting this bench right here All right now seriously, let's put it back. Let's put it back. Okay. Listen now. I'm gonna tell you guys What's up?  All right, so look Check this out.   I got the I got the reverse mocha on my feet As you guys know happy wife happy life, right? So my girls back in Texas What size of these sites for those are itty-bitty? These are her size. That's crazy. I think I might just have to go They're gonna be matching. I think I might have to you know what I mean? Because to be honest, I barely buy anything for myself like ever like pulled up today We're gonna surprise a youtuber with like some shoes I would much rather buy people shoes than like buy them for myself, right? This is a very rare occasion. Okay, so Got him from a key master. Okay These right here. I think we gotta make the wife happy. So you're about to grab those. They might grab these today We'll put those on the counter. Okay. See if you want to get And then I'll go to God have all the Louis to be honest all of them back. I'm up. Let's go. Okay. Yeah No problem how much I mean, I don't know bro each pair is probably like With these sizes, I don't know probably 8 to 10 K depending on the size we say K. Yeah You would just draw like hey, let's just say assuming that whole set would be that probably will cost you like 50,000 It's not let's say like 42,000 is my guess Thank you to Rachel All right, let's catch out. Thank you Ray. Let's go you should grab these You think so I think you might have a video plan with these you guys got to check it out But yo shout out to DJ. Let's catch up. No, I'm just gonna eat it for my girl today. What'd you do for my girl today? All right, we'll get you right. Gotta keep it right man All right, so we got the reverse movement in the size four perfect Let's do it Baby feet right there. It's a little there it is man. Happy wife happy life. You know what they say guys That's the one. That's the one right there Man, I'm gonna have to get something bro. Yeah, I see bro. Last time I brought her back some Tiffany and co and she was so happy so Because then she'll let you go to Saudi Arabia by yourself You know what I mean? true rated our vlogs ASMR Let's do it First mocha man. Gotta love it untied shout out to untied LA man. Shout out to my boy DJ got mine on feet You know you got a match Twins you already know my boy. Thank you so much. Appreciate you, bro. DJ appreciate your heart Thanks for having me voice later, man Hey, thank you guys for having me. We're going back to Texas. You guys already know happy wife happy life We'll see on the next one piece homie. Stay blessed. We're out of here Yo before you go I just launched my sneakerhead Academy where we got everything on the inside I teach you all the stuff that I learned over the past 15 years when it comes to sneakers scaling real estate You name it. We talk about all of it in there and there's a eight-week program plus a bunch of monthly giveaways I give away shoes literally way too much honestly, but either way I'll see you guys on the inside Hit the link down below in my description or pinned in the comment section for DJ sneakerhead Academy and I'll see you guys over there


From VOA Learning English, this is the health report in special English. Sometimes simple actions, taken at the right time, can do a lot of good. A new report says more than 800,000 babies could be saved each year if all mothers begin breastfeeding within the first hour after giving birth. Save the Children released the report. It calls breastfeeding one of the best ways to prevent malnutrition. Hunger is a major killer of children under the age of five. Carolyn Miles is head of Save the Children. She explains that getting mothers to start breastfeeding can sometimes be the hardest part. The first milk for mothers is called colostrum. This is a highly nutritious form of breast milk. Colostrum helps build the baby's immune system and works best in the first hours after a mother gives birth. Colostrum is yellowish, sticky breast milk. The World Health Organization calls it the perfect food for the newborn. Save the Children describes it as a child's first immunization. But Carolyn Miles says in some cultures there is a mistaken belief that colostrum is dangerous. She says mothers in a lot of places around the world throw away the colostrum. The World Health Organization says mothers should feed their babies only breast milk for the first six months. Carolyn Miles says babies do not need anything else. After six months, the WHO says breastfeeding should continue along with other foods up to two years of age or beyond. The Save the Children report called Superfood for Babies examined barriers to breastfeeding. These include cultural beliefs as well as a shortage of health workers in developing countries. Carolyn Miles says health workers with basic knowledge can help mothers start and continue to breastfeed. For VOA Learning English, I'm Carolyn Presuti.


Welcome to Access to Trader, the number one community for those who are committed to taking control of their trading in order to achieve success, profitability, and longevity. Thank you for joining us. Here's Dan Shapiro to help you find your edge, master your process, and own your future. Hey, guys. Good evening, everybody. Welcome to another edition of theaxesandtrader.com, a nightly wrap-up show. Hope everybody is doing well. Hope everybody had a good trading day today. Morning, very aggressive. The afternoon, a lot of bids getting pulled. And the question is now, well, how far is the speculation capital game going to continue, or is this starting to get tired? We'll answer that in a second. If you are a brand new to the channel or an existing loyal viewer, guys, thank you very much. Once again, it means a lot to us.  Once in a while, I'll say something intelligent or probably not. But anyway, all we think we do is ask is if you just click a like button, all that good stuff, and everything else, we will take care of. So hopefully everybody is doing well. If you are interested in pivots, guys, I always get all these questions about pivots, this and that. All it takes is 30 days. Click the tires, see if it's a right fit for you. The link is below in the comments, and then everything else is going to be pretty much normal. I made a little bit of a conscious decision today. Being on social media, I've been on social media analysis like 2010. I tell you, every single time I take a day off of like, especially Twitter, it's like an elephant being removed from my brain. And today I took a mental break. There's just too much. There's just the same nonsense over and over and over again.  It even has nothing to do with you. So I made a conscious choice, and I think I'm going to start, and I did already start today. I'm going to start limiting my, I guess, my day. My activity on Twitter. I just don't think there's any reason for me to sit there throughout the day. Everybody knows where I am. Everybody kind of knows where I do. If you need me, guys, come join the webinar, all that good stuff. YouTube, obviously. But it also will be active, but I'm not going to be there on a day-to-day basis trying to throw ideas. I mean, we've been pretty much demonstrating because it's the last 14 years. I think it's a pretty good sample size. I know I've said this before, but it's just something refreshing. It's something refreshing not spending the day in the biggest septic tank on the history of the world. So that's that. So let's talk about the market, right? We talked about yesterday, the euphoric nature of the markets, all the asset classes continued yesterday to run up. You had the Bitcoin revolution going. You had stocks with IPOs. We talked about Reddit yesterday, especially. And today it was just one group that I forgot they even were in existence, and it was the pot group. Do you remember the pot stocks? I find this group very fascinating. And the reason why I find this fascinating is if you would have told me 10 years ago that weed is going to be legal in a lot of states, I would have said, man, if there is companies that could capitalize on weed, boy, those are the ones you want to invest in. No, no. This group literally wakes up once every two years. CGC had a nice pop today. TLRY did okay today. But the point is when you look at their weekly charts and you kind of see the monthly charts, yeah, this is the pot group, right? TLRY had that magical one week run. CGC had that magical one day. So my point is this is the drek of the drek. If you don't know what the word drek is in Yiddish, it's the word, well, this is called the word trash. I'm going to be PG today.   Well, it's a little too early, but we do try to get clues. Again, we're not trying to predict future prices. We're just trying to predict. We're trying to figure out what happens next day. That's it. Not next week, not the following month next week. And we start looking at clues. So the Dow Jones Industrial Average now is down three days in a row. Nothing big, right? Nothing big. I don't believe there's a cause for worry yet. The diamonds have gone from, you know, 399 to about 392 and kind of just teetering on yesterday's low, right? It's a pretty important note. Not that the overall spectrum of what's going on, but kind of a short term basis. For example, if the Dow starts losing tomorrow, if it starts losing yesterday's channel, then we're going to go lower, right? If you look at the SPY, the SPY has been on a great, great run. And for the last now four days in a row, the SPYs are down now four days in a row. If they start losing today's channel tomorrow, we're going to go lower. And if you look at QQQ, okay, they're kind of doing the same thing. So here's my point, okay? Obviously, we don't go bearish until we lose the 50-day moving average, right? That's the most basic thing in technical analysis. I talk about it all the time. Above the 50-day is bullish. Below the 50-day is bearish. You can see the light blue line, right? The whole light blue line, that's the 50-day moving average. Well, way above it, right? Well above it. So there's nothing imminent in the cards of saying, well, this is it. That was the top. We're going to go lower. We're going to go higher. We're going to go this. We're going to do that. We don't know, right? We don't know. What I do know, any close below the 50-day, then yeah, you can rip out your buy button because you're not going to buy a damn thing except for covering your shorts. But we don't wear near that, right? And like I said a couple of minutes ago, our goal is not to figure out if we're going to get below the 50-day moving average one day. Our goal is to figure out what happens tomorrow. And that's kind of when we start the little spiel today, right? Yesterday's low guys and write this down. Yesterday's low was this 442.50 level, right? That's the low on the Qs. Today's low was 443, okay? So even though we didn't take out yesterday's channel, we had a lot of stocks get rejected on their previous day's highs. I'll give you guys a couple of examples in a second. So the key line for tomorrow potential weakness and potential some of the high fliers to get pulled even more is this 442.50 level on the Qs. If we start losing this 442 level on the Qs, do I think we go down to the 50-day moving average and this is Armageddon the world is over? No, I just think there's a tradeable move down. That's it. There's a tradeable move down maybe down to this 40-41 level strictly for the point of reference. If you are looking at shorts and I'll give you guys some ideas for tomorrow, you can have an idea that if the Qs get pulled that that stock will probably get pulled as well. So let me give you a couple of examples why the previous day's low is important, right? And there's a very basic adage that has nothing to do with the PS60 theory is just basic technical analysis. If a stock does not take out the previous day's high, there's a chance it will go lower. That's the most important part, right? If the stock doesn't take out the previous day's low, there's a chance it goes higher. So here's a perfect example. Let's start off with meta, right? So meta was actually pretty strong the whole day today, right? Pretty strong the whole day, but it couldn't take out the previous channel's high. We saw that a number of times today in the webinar, 510 got rejected several times. We'll get to the pivots in a second and we'll see the significance of it, right? So it couldn't take out 510, right? It couldn't take out 510. It went lower. So when it took out the previous day's low, right? If the flip side of a stock can't go higher unless it takes out the previous day high, well, the flip side of that is the stock will go lower if it takes out the previous day's low, and that's exactly what meta did. If you look at Microsoft, it kind of did the same thing, right? It didn't take out the yesterday's high and now it's about to really test yesterday's low. And here's another example for tomorrow, right? If the queues start losing the channel from yesterday and Microsoft starts losing the 10-day moving average, this thing's going to get hit. And this is kind of what you want to see. Even the darling of old darlings of Nvidia, right? Nvidia today couldn't take out the previous day's high, right? And that's the whole point. A stock cannot go higher until it takes out the previous day's high, but it took out the previous day's low and closed right at the 5-day moving average. So even though we're seeing tons, even today, tons of 960, 980, $1,000 coal buyers with only a couple of days left to expiration, it doesn't mean it has to get there. And that's the most important part. Guys, remember, these are human beings betting. These are human beings that have follow.  They're human beings. So it doesn't need to go higher. Will it? We don't know. Obviously we don't know. But that's kind of my point. It didn't take out the previous day's high and went lower. And once it took out the previous day's low, it went lower. So the stock closed right at the 5-day moving average. Now here's the question for tomorrow. What happens if the cues take out yesterday's range? And what happens if the video loses the 5-day moving average? Yeah, it's going to go lower. That's the whole point. It's going to go lower. So you have to be, you know, this is where you take off the rose-colored glasses and you say to yourself, well, here's the golden rule. If a stock takes out the previous day's low, it's probably going to go lower. If a stock takes out the previous day's high, well, it's probably going to go higher. Considering we didn't take out the previous day's highs on so many stocks and now we're in the crosshairs of potentially taking out either yesterday's channels or today's channels tomorrow, this is where you have to be prepared on both sides of the market. Again, I've been saying this for years. We've been watching this channel for years. I'm not a bull. I'm not a bear. I'm not trying to figure out if the video is going to be at a thousand tomorrow the next day. I'm trying to win my interval. I'm trying to see the data that I'm taking in on the close and if the stock takes out the previous day's low, well, I'm going to be about it. I'm going to be absolutely about it because that's the whole point of trading. We're trying to trade day-to-day and put ourselves in a position of strength and not fear, not in your window, not guessing and not compromising our money because we're trying to will and want our position to go one way or another. That's the whole point of trading. We Google the word day trader. Google the word trader. That's exactly what we do. Traders have an unbiased approach. We trade both sides of the market and whatever side confirms, well, that's the side we want to trade on. It's not falling in love with the stock. It's falling in love with technical analysis. That's exactly what you want to do if you are an active, especially intraday trader. If you go into tomorrow's session, let me give you guys some names to watch on both sides of the market and that's the name of the game because, again, we don't know which side is going to confirm. I'm going to give you guys some ideas here. Apple continues to be a broken stock. Again, it might not confirm the lows from March, but I am watching those lows. I'm definitely, definitely watching those lows and if it starts losing, it will get hit. Microsoft not as exaggerated as Apple, but back to back days, it held its 10-day moving average. Now, what happens if Microsoft loses its 10-day moving average? Well, then we got about $6, $7 of downside action. Again, that's a name I definitely want to watch. Look at Arm. Arm had a nasty reversal today. Really, really nasty reversal. Engulfed one, two, three, almost four days of action. Watch the bottom channel of Arm tomorrow. If it starts confirming today's channel tomorrow, well, why can't we get a day two reversal? So there's a lot of names that if you go through, especially the NASDAQ 100, where it's my kind of specialty, there's a lot of charts that look exactly like that. If they start losing the previous day's channel, yeah, they're going to go to the next support and that's the whole point of the PS60 theory. Stocks trade from supply to supply on the way up and they trade from demand to demand on the way up to the upside, to the downside. To the upside, watch Guess. Again, not an amazing name, but watch Guess. It looks like I had a great quarter, came in four days, touched the five-day moving average. And again, it has to take out yesterday's channel. If it starts building above yesterday's channel, maybe this thing wakes up and starts going higher. Door dash looks interesting. You got a nice flag here. This is, again, the highest close in this whole formation. If it could get above this bull in Japan, maybe this thing wakes up. So keep an eye on that. And what interesting name is this hurts? There's no entry right now. And the reason why I say that is because the stock out rejected off the 50-day moving average. You're seeing a little bit of expansion volume, but we did see on the option side, we did see some repeat buyers coming in for the June $10 calls. The key hurts is it needs to get back above the 50-day moving average. Any close above this, like, 8, 10 level will get the stock going. Because again, if you look at the last time, it got above the 50-day moving average if you follow this blue line, right? It got back above the 50-day moving average. It went from 9.57 all the way to almost 11. It got rejected off the 50-day moving average. So if it gets back above the 50-day moving average tomorrow and closes there, you could start a cycle all the way up to like 8.60, even $9 per share. Other than that, you know, I am definitely, definitely watching everything. And also remember, guys, you don't need to trade every day, okay? Especially if you're on the option side. And the options market, again, I'm an equity guy. I am probably the worst option trader in the history of the world and it's just not my thing, baby. It's not my bag. Awesome powers, right? But what is my bag is I do understand the notion that stocks need expansion, right? So if you're an option trader and you need an expansion there, you can't trade tight channels because as soon as you put on trade, if you're buying premium, all that happens.  And that's the point. So if you're an options trader, you need that big move, right? So for people, for example, on NVIDIA, right? They've been betting all week, all week. $980 calls, $1,000 calls. They're betting on anticipation until it gets above the reversal channel on March the 8th. How could it go to $1,000 if it can't take out the March 8th highs? And that's the point. Bet with confirmation. Don't bet on anticipation. If you bet on anticipation, your premium will go lower and that's a very, very important thing. So let's quickly go to today's pivots. Again, great action this morning. Really great action this morning and the market has completely died out in the afternoon. NET 97 rejected twice. Needs to build. Here is NET. Took out the 97. Went all the way up to $100 and changed. Some $100 call buying we saw in the name. Reddit. I traded Reddit today. I was shocked as anybody. But nice move on Reddit today. $69.50 Needs to build. We talked about Reddit last night on the video. RDDT. So here is a $69.50. Right here is a $69.50. That was after hours highs. And this thing went all the way up to $75. Beautiful move. I mean, really, really nice move on Reddit. NVIDIA obviously didn't confirm. Hood went up like $0.20. Didn't do anything. CLSLK. Let me see if it did anything. I don't think so. CLSK. Now, now, never got up to this. Never got above the $24.20. Microsoft never got up there. Meta, again, $5.10 Needs to build. Got rejected twice there. Here are some crazy moves. Here are some pretty good moves here. VKTX. $84.00 Rejected twice Needs to build. Here was VKTX. Here's a 60-minute view. Got rejected here. The 60-minute pre-market view. Got rejected $84.00 once, $84.00 twice. The second time, it got through $84.00 and went all the way up to $89.00. Great, great move. Congratulations for what you guys have caught that. And VRT. We started seeing June 100 calls come in. $84.75 Rejected twice Needs to build. I'm sorry, not hundreds. June 105 calls came in. And here was VRT. Here is VRT. So it took out this whole channel here. $84.75 went all the way up to $86.00. Almost a $2.00 move there as well. And I believe that is it. We also had a couple of bounces here and there. All in all, pretty efficient day. Again, tomorrow, guys, let's see if the bulls can come back swinging. If not, again, guys, watch the previous day's lows. If they start taking out the previous day's lows, we will get an opportunity for some downside channels. Guys, have a great night, everybody. God bless, and I will see you on the field tomorrow. Take care.


Did you forget to hit record? Yeah. Are we starting now? OK, that's good. Whatever. Who cares? The beginning part's all boring anyway. OK, so why do we care about OS performance? What does it matter? Yeah? I'm very impatient. You're very impatient? Actually, you're less impatient than you think you are. It turns. I mean, to some degree, most of the computers that you use today are predicated on the fact your reflexes are incredibly slow. So you may think you're impatient, but the fact that all of this slow, crappy, buggy software where it's like virtual machines running inside of other virtual machines and stuff like that, the fact that this all works at all is all predicated on the fact that computers have just gotten so much faster than you have. But when we think overall, so maybe I'm not giving you guys a good starting point for answering this question, why would the operating system performance matter? Why if you were going to pick some piece of a performance puzzle to work on, would the operating system be a potentially important thing to think about? Yeah? Yeah, so the operating system slows down everything else. The other thing that's interesting is that correctness is important. We will all acknowledge that. People don't like things to crash. On the other hand, let me propose the following thought experiment. I can guarantee I will promise you your system will never crash. The price of that promise is that it runs 10 times more slowly. How many people would take that bargain? I wouldn't. I'd just rather let it crash from time to time, right? Because whatever, it's not going to hurt that much. In the meantime, I'm not going to be tearing my hair out going crazy waiting for things to happen. And this is another interesting. So to some degree, the irritation caused by system crashes is kind of a function of the fact that reboots don't happen instantaneously. So what if reboots happen instantaneously? Like you would see like a lit light. It wouldn't be called the blue screen of death. It would be called the blue flicker of death. Because you would just see it for a second, and then the system would have rebooted.  But clearly that would improve things. And operating system vendors like Microsoft have paid a lot of attention to this over the years and tried to optimize boot. Because they realize not only is boot something that people an inherently useless process, but when the operating system reboots, if I can reboot quickly, I've given the person less time to think about how irritated they are that the system rebooted it all. So this isn't, of course, an OS history, but some of the, this is a really fun sort of early paper about operating systems. This is the paper that introduced one of the synchronization primitives you guys use this semester. Does anyone want to guess which one that was? Semaphores, yeah, Dijkstra, PNV, those semi-made up Dutch words. So this was one of the first operating systems, at least one of the first ones that we have some evidence of as far as the research publication. This is like the favorite, one of everybody's favorite parts of it, where it's like, our operating system had no bugs. And the ones that it did have, we caught very quickly. And the idea part of, and this was about the last time, well, it's kind of interesting. So recently this goal has reappeared. But there was a long period of history spanning decades when no one cared about being able to prove an operating system was correct. So Dijkstra and these very early operating systems, this was their goals to sort of have a provably correct system. I could construct a mathematical proof that the system was right. And then we gave up on that idea for like 50 years because no one cared. And everyone just wanted things to go really fast. And now it turns out there's actually renewed interest in this problem. And there are some provably, quote unquote, correct microkernels floating around out there. And there's more activity in the research area and the research community about being able to do this again. But even those systems are far from a production system. So at some very, very early point in operating system evolution, this was like, oh man, 1950s maybe? We just gave up on the idea of correctness and said let's get speed right first because that's what people care about. So if we care about performance and other interesting thing to point out here is that OS performance is actually a little bit different. It's not so different though than other parts of the system. It's a little bit different. But we should be able to apply sort of a standard performance improvement methodology to the system. So here's what we're going to do. We're going to start off by measuring the system. So that involves measuring how long it takes for something to happen. So this is easy. Then what we're going to do is analyze the results. We'll take our measurements and we'll try to understand them. Number three is we'll improve the slow parts. Number four is incredibly important. This is sort of like the idle part of the loop where we have our salivatory beer or cocktail or wine or whatever you want. It doesn't matter. Or tea. And then if it's early enough in the day, you might want to do tea.  So this is pretty straightforward.  OK, most of you guys. So this is good. OK, so on Wednesday, what we're going to talk about is the Butler-Lamson paper on improving system design. Any questions about today? No, it's a short class. All right, I'll see you guys on Wednesday. We're not done? Not done? Last year, I got somebody. Someone actually started to leave. I was going to walk out and see what happened. Yeah, so we're not quite done. OK, sorry. Yeah, people were like, darn it. Why did I ask? I should have just played along. All right, but what's hard about this process? The truth is pretty much everything is hard about this process. Nothing about this is straightforward. So we're going to measure the system. How are we going to measure our system? And what is the system going to be doing while we measure it? Both these things are pretty critical. We're going to analyze the results. How do we do this? This might involve math, numbers, statistics. That's the stuff that we're all computer scientists because we wanted to avoid. Computer science is full of failed mathematicians, physicists. I mean, I'm a failed physicist, so I know this. To prove the slow parts, again, how? If there's, I mean, I improve them when I wrote them. I wrote them in such a beautiful, elegant way. Possibly be improved, right? That seems like an oxymoron. This part's, well, anyway, this you can also spend some time thinking about. All right, so let's talk about this process here. The first part is how to, so this turns out to be actually really interesting. How do you measure time on a single computer? How do I do this? This should be easy, right? Yeah. OK. So now here comes a problem, right? So now the ways that I measure time, particularly tiny amounts of time. Large amounts of time are not so bad, right? But tiny amounts of time, and we're talking about when we're improving things, parts of the system, frequently the thing that we want to improve doesn't actually take that long. That doesn't mean that it can't have a huge impact. And this is something we'll come back to later today. During a brief period of my illustrious history, I worked at Microsoft in a group that was dedicated to improving Windows performance. I was part of the desktop portion of that group when we had all sorts of problems, but there was these server guys. And the server guys, I mean, if they could find like one instruction that was unnecessary, and so maybe they did do some assembly modifications, if they could find one unnecessary instruction on a certain part of the code, they would all get like a month off, right? They all go to HEDI to celebrate, and we'll talk about why later, right? So it doesn't have to necessarily be something that makes a big difference, just a small amount in the right place can be really significant. But when I'm measuring time, a lot of times, the way I do this ends up being very dependent on the capabilities of the hardware. So a lot of hardware devices don't have high enough clock resolution to measure extremely, extremely fast events. The fastest clock I have on the device might be in like hundreds and hundreds of cycles, right? And to some degree, I can use cycles to measure things, but cycles end up having their own complexity, particularly when I start talking about machines where the processor might be changing frequency on me, et cetera, right? So it's not quite as simple as I want it to be. These low level hardware interfaces also had these really nasty hardware dependent interfaces that vary a lot, a lot more than you want them to. And so there are these entire libraries that you end up having to use just to measure certain things in a reasonably cross platform way.  A good old Y2K-ish effect, right? You had something to hold a value in and then as all counters do, it looped over and suddenly you were at zero again. And that was an interesting place to be, give it your history and there's usually some weirdness that goes along with this, right? If you're not a dispute. And I also want to point out that the faster you measure something, the faster those counters roll. And you might say, well, you 64 bits or something like that, but a lot of times the hardware doesn't support it, just, you know, as James would say, how much time do you have? We can, you should talk to my students about this sort of stuff. It's really pretty terrible. Next thing, right? I want to be able to gather repeatable, meaningful results. So why would I want the results to be repeatable? What is scary about a situation where I've tried to record something about the system and let's say I take 10 measurements and they're all completely different? Why does that tend to be a problem? Or why is that frightening? Yeah. Okay, so that's part of it, right? But remember, what am I doing here? I'm trying to conduct an experiment. One of the things I do when I conduct an experiment is I try to control things. If the results are really different, what does that indicate? Yeah. That can be true too if I change. So certainly if I change something and if I have a huge variance and then I change something and then I still have a big variance, I'm in trouble, right? What else, Ron? Yeah, so remember, I mean, when I do a controlled experiment, I'm expecting the result to be controlled. If the result is this out of control untamed thing, then I start to wonder, am I actually controlling all the variables I should be controlling? I might be worried about some sort of beeping in the room. It's interesting. You know, I might be worried about there's some sort of background noise that's interfering with my measurements or there's some fundamental property of the system that I don't understand that's causing these measurements to vary. And this is fundamentally a very unsettling thing. So actually Scott and I have been working on benchmarking the assignment three solution set to try to work on so developing some performance targets for you guys to play with. And it's the same thing where you conduct one measurement 10 times and the variance is really high and we're sitting there scratching our heads trying to think what is causing this. Because clearly there's something about the system that we haven't quite understood. And here's the other problem with measuring operating systems is that whenever you're at any point when you're trying to measure something, the system is adapting to you, right? So the system is trying to use the past to predict the future. You're just trying to measure the present but you can imagine some of the things that we've talked about in terms of caches and other things. The system is trying to learn to some degree. It's trying to adapt to what you've done. So if I run an experiment 10 times, by the 10th time, all those pages might be in the buffer cache or somewhere else and the results are extremely different than when I start, right? And real systems, the state changes all the time. So we've been doing some benchmarking on Android, right? So on your Android devices, there's always these little things that are kind of starting up in the background. And so if I do one experiment at Timex and one experiment later, it's possible that one of those experiments collided with something that was also going on on the system that produced some noise that caused the numbers to be quite different, right? So this is very, very, it's very hard to control these real complex big systems. On the other hand, if you take away too much of the background noise, to some degree you're making your results very unrealistic because whatever you're trying to improve actually has to improve things on a real system, not just on this toy thing that you created in the lab. Yeah, so this, and this was like a classic excuse for years in the systems communities, blame a cache, right? You know, we use caches to solve all our problems, including unrepeatable results, right?  There's probably thousands of papers, right? Yeah, you know, the variance in that table is pretty high, but we think it's due to cache effects, right? We have no idea what we're talking about. The cache effects are a convenient boogeyman, right? What does that mean? It means, oh, the cache must have made one of them faster, one of them slower, but no one ever knows. It's just, you know, how I point fingers. So, other problem here, right? Measurements have overhead. Measurements affect things. Measurements are not a, usually in a real system, measurements involve running some piece of software that runs on the system that's being measured and competes with other parts of the system for system resources. So, depending on what you're doing, how many of you guys have had this experience, not necessarily doing benchmarking, but doing debugging during this class? So, you put a printf on something and suddenly the problem that you were trying to file solve goes away, right? Has that happened to anyone?  So that's super frustrating. Now, I have another source of noise, which is the measurement harness itself. And in the real world, there's a practical limitation which is that someone, so imagine you're working at a company and someone comes to you and they say, you know, your widget is running really slow on our servers and we don't understand why. And so, your response is to say, hey, I'm gonna come and make it run even slower so that we can understand the problem better. I mean, there may be a little bit of resistance to this, right? Given that they already have some sort of performance problem, that's what drove them to contact you in the first place, all right?  So, I might be trying to debug a particularly slow application on a particular operating system. Am I gonna install a totally new OS on that entire machine that affects every other application just to solve this one problem? That's hard to do, right? Yeah, so here's other problems, right? Operating systems do a lot of stuff. So, imagine if you're trying to trace something like page replacement behavior.  Why is that such a problem? It turns out that generates like a lot of output. And so, trying to run that on a device that someone's actually using generates so much output that it's actually not, not acceptable in most cases in the types of misrepresentation we do. So, we do all these hacks to work around this, right? Because there's just a lot of context switches. So, if you start writing them all down, just that process creates so much overhead that nobody can use the phone or no one can use the server anymore. All right. So, what do we do, you know, so there's some alternatives here. When you start talking about the benchmarking space. One is, I can build a model. So, what is a model of the system? A model is to some degree an analytical description that allows me to reason about the system mathematically. So, that usually, particularly for operating systems, involves abstracting away a lot of the low level details of the system. You know, I might model the disk as having a certain path to take between two different points, but there's a lot, you know, developing a model that's useful for actually calculating things about a real system usually involves throwing away so much information that it's not clear whether the resulting model is actually useful. A more common approach when you talk about systems is building something called a simulator. So, you guys have been using a simulator all semester, right? That is sys161, that is a MIPS simulator. The nice thing about a simulator is that you can potentially get extremely predictable results. So, for example, when we run certain tests on sys161, if you pin down some of the randomness that's present present in the simulator, you should be able to get completely repeatable results. The system works the same way every single time. What's the problem with simulators, typically? First of all, let me ask a question going back to our discussion of virtualization. What is the difference between a simulator and a virtual machine? This could be a good exam question. Why can't we give you a MIPS R3000 virtual machine to run your kernel in rather than a simulator? Yeah, want to take a stab at it? What does that mean? Yeah, you're on the right track, yeah. Yeah, you're getting colder, right? What's the, what was the trick to getting good performance out of a VM? Yeah, yeah, but what does that mean? That's totally true, and so, in order to be able to run on bare metal, what has to be true, yeah? Well, the VM, neither, the VM doesn't either. Both of them create a very self-contained environment, but there's this critical difference, right? Why can't we give you a MIPS R3000 virtual machine, yeah? Well, not just the GuestOS, Guest Applications as well, right? So to run a VM, you need binary compatibility between the Guest Operating System and Guest Applications, everything that runs inside the simulator and the underlying architecture. So let me ask this question one more time. Why don't we give you a MIPS R3000 virtual machine? Yeah, Rob, I hope not. That's a crufty old thing, right? Yeah, and you guys don't have a MIPS R3000 a computer to run it on. If you did, you'd be living in the 1980s, right? That would be an interesting machine, but, and that would be awesome that we had vented virtualization at that time, right? That'd be kind of interesting, like we've been back in a time machine or something. But anyway, yeah, so what happens with the simulator is the simulator sees this MIPS R3000 instruction, and what does it have to do essentially? The underlying architecture is x86 probably, for most of you guys. What does the simulator have to do? It sees some instruction in MIPS R3000, and kind of fundamentally what does it need to do? Yeah, it doesn't quite do that, but it has to have, it has to execute the series of x86 instructions that would, that are required to, you know, have the same effect within the simulator. What effect does this have on the simulator versus a virtual machine? Way slower, right? You guys may have seen this on your computers. I mean, you guys can run, you know, things, and if you can run things, yeah, that's great. You can run your system's CIS 161 simulator, and if you run it with something that produces a lot of CPU cycles, the simulator will run slower than wall clock time. Yeah, right. You can, I mean, I can, no, and the reason, yeah, that's a good point. I don't wanna give you the illusion that it's looking up a translation in a table, right? It's software, so what it needs to do is it needs to do the necessary things inside the simulator to make it appear as if that instruction had taken place, right? So there is some series of x86 instructions that gets executed, but it's not being translated, right? Because as you point out, there is probably not a translation, right? So it's programmatic. It's not sort of done in a binary translation way. Does that make sense? Yeah, it requires this extra piece of actual software, right? Yeah. No, no, no, there's no CPU. There's a simulated CPU. So that means two things. First of all, that means that because you're implementing the machine in software, you get to choose the level of detail you want. So for example, you know, you guys can see this in your own simulator. Your system one simulator blends feet. Your system one simulator does not actually simulate any real CPU that I think ever existed because it's blending features from the original MIPS R3000 architecture with later features that were required for multi-core processing, right? The R3000 was done at a day where there was no multi-core, no multi-processor architectures. And so when that was added to the simulator, David took some instructions from later versions of MIPS and sort of blended them in. So there is no actual piece of physical hardware that you could run this system on. Does that make sense? This is a simulated CPU that is a hybrid of other things. When you run more complicated architectures, the simulator can actually get incredibly slow. So you can run, this is kind of interesting, you can actually run entire full Android simulations on X86 using something called, the name's gonna escape me. There's an ARM simulator out there that I'll probably think of in a few minutes. It sometimes runs like a thousand times slower than the machine inside. So you boot it up and it's called gem five. You boot it up, you go home for the night or you start it booting, I should say.  Because there's no hardware. There's just all these software things and the expansion required to actually simulate the processor is quite good. All right, but again, the nice thing about simulators is because you build them and control them, you can make them do certain things that real hardware would never do. You can make them completely predictable. You can eliminate lots of sources of randomness and uncertainty. That might be present in real systems, right? And this could be useful, right? Now the problem, of course, is, let me just finish talking about simulators. What happens if you reduce, so the goal of producing a simulator is usually to make things simpler, make things more repeatable, be able to isolate the effect on the system that you're trying to capture. What's the danger? So when you build a simulator, you typically rip out some of the reality that's present in a real system. What's the problem with doing that? Yeah, right. It's, well, there's two problems. One, it's possible that you end up removing something that creates a performance effect that you actually want to see. The other problem is you can make mistakes. Your simulator can be wrong. So there are famous stories of people actually publishing whole papers about the performance of a particular system and then somebody trying to reproduce those results and realizing, hmm, there's something wrong with the simulator. So someone once told me a story about a paper that she was working on with their advisor and they were trying to reproduce these results and everything was looking good. And then they realized that the, remember we talked about buffer caches and one of the things you have to do, what do you have to do when you evict a block from the buffer cache? This is a good review. The buffer cache or using memory to cache the disk if you remove something from the buffer cache, you better make sure you do what before you reuse that memory. Zach? Oh, well remember the buffer cache isn't actually using virtual memory. The buffer cache is caching the file, file system blocks. So if I have a block in the buffer cache and I'm gonna remove it, I need to make sure that I do what? Yeah. Write it to disk. Write it to disk. Yeah, exactly. I need to make sure if I have a dirty block in the buffer cache, I write it to disk. Now it turns out this simulator did not do that. Somebody forgot to put in the timing required to actually write the block to disk. So it turned out that removing blocks from the buffer cache was really fast because the contents were being destroyed and nobody realized it. So this simulator was producing totally bogus results which made somebody sad when they discovered it because the particular point that they tried to make was not true. All right. So anyway, this is not interesting. Okay, I'm gonna just skip through this. You guys can look at this online. All right, so this gives you a sense of the tools that we have at our disposal that are not real systems. Simulators potentially building models to try to explain persistent performance. Now we get to the part where I actually have to measure something. So coming up with good metrics for persistent performance is pretty difficult. I was just laughing with somebody after class last week. Did anyone ever have one of the old old Macs that had alpha processors in them? One of the, oh really? Nice. So for years, do you guys remember this? Are you guys old enough to remember that? No, yes you are, give me a break. At some point Mac did not use Intel processors in all of their products, all their laptops. They had these, what's that called, Alpha? PowerPC, that's right, sorry, PowerPC, yeah.  And then it was like overnight they were like, ah, that wasn't true, right? We're just gonna use Intel processors just like everybody else. So they just, so, and this was a case where they're measuring something and they're trying to produce a result but trying to claim that something was faster, right? At the time where he had these two competing architectures. This is starting to happen again between ARM and Intel, it'd be interesting to see where it goes. But you can think about if I'm trying to compare the performance of two different things, picking metrics is quite difficult. How many, do you guys look up performance results? How many people have ever been on like Tom's hardware or something like that? Okay, so you guys are a little bit familiar with this and what you probably notice is that there are a lot of different benchmarks and micro benchmarks that are used by these sites, right? So if I'm trying to create, like, they wanna compare two disk drives, what are some of the things that I might, might be interested in comparing about two disk drives? What are some of the metrics I might care about? Yeah? Okay, I can measure the RPM, right? I probably don't really care directly about RPM, right? Because who cares unless it makes noise or something. What do I really care about as a user? Yeah. Okay, read and write speed, can anyone be more specific? Yeah. Well, usually there's a couple of different types of read and write speed that are measured by these tests. So what are the extremes? Yeah, Matt. Yeah, so there's kind of the highest throughput you can get from the disk. So imagine I'm reading one contiguous track and then I just move, you know, it's essentially I'm doing the least number of seeks possible and reading the most amount of data. So that's usually quoted as one number. And then there's the worst case performance where I'm essentially seeking from one place to another all over the disk. So imagine that I pick random blocks all over the disk and just send them down as fast as possible and see what I get. Clearly, neither one of those benchmarks is a perfect fit for an actual real workload, but they're interesting data points to compare, right? So the seek times factor into that second thing, right? So I might have a disk that has like a great data path so it can actually read a lot of data really quickly once it gets where it's going, but has terrible seek performance. And I might have another disk that makes different trades. So even here, things get complicated. Scheduling algorithms, same thing. Am I interested in interactivity? Am I interested in throughput? Am I interested in how busy every part of the system is? We could be here all day talking about different ways to compare the same thing, right? Two-page replacement algorithms for which workloads? Workloads where there's a lot of reuse, workloads where I touch a lot of pages just one time. That can make a big difference. Now, you start talking about whole subsystems, this gets even more interesting. So file systems have a gazillion things you might care about. How long does it take to create a file? How long does it take to move things? How long does it take to do name lookups? What about creating big files? What about extending a file and then truncating it again? You can think of lots and lots of different operations that might be affected by the file systems underlying data structures that I want to measure. And so this is sort of the classic, everybody's touching a different part of the elephant. And to some degree, when you start measuring systems, it's even more interesting because some people only care about one part of the elephant. Some people, I don't really care about anything other than the trunk. So I don't, you know, you might be touching the foot. I just don't care what you have to say about the foot because I don't care. Just, I just want the trunk. All right, so just when we start talking about, so benchmarks are the thing, are a way that we usually use to refer to pieces of software that we use to test system performance. These can be broken up in a couple of broad categories. So microbenchmarks are designed to target or isolate one individual component of the performance of a system. So give me an example for a file system. What's a file system microbenchmark? I just threw out a couple of examples a minute ago. Like what would be one microbenchmark for a file system? Think about file system operations that I might care about. Okay, so I could do reads and writes. Yeah, what else? What's that? To some degree, reading and writes sort of end up having the disk get involved in a way that I'm not completely necessarily happy about. What are more file system operations that I might want to care about? Yeah, rename. Yeah, do like 10,000 renames. Rename is kind of a complicated operation. Some day when you guys do assignment four, you'll realize that. But yeah, so rename turns out to be kind of hard. How quickly can I open a file? Opening is pretty much entirely a file system operation. These are sort of microbenchmarks. Macrobenchmarks, here I might do something like, for example, run a benchmark that reflects the file usage patterns of a real application. So opening a file, reading it all into memory, making a few changes to it and then closing it again. That might be sort of a common operation. In certain cases, the performance of the file system and creating temporary files is important. So how quickly can I create a new file, fill it with some contents, do some processing on it and then destroy it. So in here, what I'm starting to do with a macrobenchmark is blend together some of the microbenchmarks in a way that's supposed to be representative of something that someone, a real application might actually do. I can also run, I mean applications themselves can also be considered to be benchmarks. And in some case, that's the best way to benchmark a system. I don't care about the individual performance of reads and writes and things like that. All I care about is how fast does the web server run? And so the best way to do that is to run the web server. I have to give it some sort of load, right? And you'd be able to measure something about the application that I care about. But in certain cases, this is the best way to evaluate performance. All right. Any questions at this point? Did you guys look bored? Sorry, this is a boring lecture. Wednesday will be more interesting. You guys understand this already? Okay, that's good. All right, I'm just gonna blow through this so we can talk more about, this is sort of what we've already talked about together, right? So when we think about benchmarks and how they're used, I mean the problems here are potentially kind of obvious. Now microbenchmarks, you may end up improving one tiny little part of the system but not really contributing much to the overall system performance. Macrobenchmarks can be very, very hard to understand because they are the result of a lot of different variables. So with the macrobenchmark, you can get into these cases where you can run the same thing a bunch of times. The results are quite different and I am completely confused about why, why that's the case. Application benchmarks, you run into this problem where at least in the old days where I actually wanted to run multiple applications on one system at one time or maybe on the new days when you talk about interactive systems, maximizing system performance for one application usually comes at the price of hurting performance for other applications or at least not optimizing performance for other applications. So if I asked you for example on your smartphone what application should I tune the entire performance of the system for, that might be a hard question for you to answer. Maybe not, maybe so. Oops, sorry. So the other problem is people's choices of benchmarks are somewhat problematic. So benchmark is an interesting area where you see a lot of efforts by various standards bodies. So somebody comes up with a benchmark suite and they start to use this benchmark suite to evaluate a particular type of system like a database system. And in certain cases, those benchmark suites and those organizations are the result of collaboration between a bunch of different database companies to say, hey, it would be useful if we had something to measure the performance of our system, let's create this organization that does this and will all participate. In other cases, it's one company that's marketing a particular product that says, hey, there's this awesome benchmarking suite out there that you guys should all use to measure your databases and oh, by the way, ours turns out to be the best. Let me measure it with that. There's no coincidence, clearly ours, it just is the best.  It always seems that way. It's like, I'm just, so many people get those awards that they end up being sort of meetings. So this is an area where you have to be a little bit careful. On other cases, people will find a benchmark and do a lot of work, they sort of chase that one particular benchmark in a way that may not be appropriate, right? It may not be the best for all the applications on the system, and may be done in just a way to just try to improve on that one particular thing without really worrying about a broader performance. And the problem here, and this is something that this sort of tension, I think, is super interesting and something that you guys will watch play out over your lives as computer scientists and as well you watch technology evolve. General purpose computing systems are useful. That's sort of what we've been building for the past 40 or 50 years, and that's what most of you guys have access to. It's a general purpose system that is capable of doing many, many things. However, the fastest system is a system that's built for one specific purpose. You imagine you take the whole hardware stack and everything about the system from the processor instruction set and everything else, and if I just have one application in mind, I can build something that will just scream so fast because every part of it has been explicitly selected to do this one thing. It's interesting whether or not that's an appropriate choice. We have, there's been a couple of times recently over the past few years where we have people coming in to give a talk in the department and they're like, yeah, we have this one algorithm that we are having a hard time getting into to run fast. And so what we did is we went out and we got $10 million of taxpayer money and we spent five years and we built this special computer that runs this algorithm super fast. And you're like, yeah, so what? And then you usually ask them, well, what was the problem with the performance on the general purpose system? They're like, we're not sure. Like, we didn't spend a lot of time studying that. We just ran straight away to build a brand new computer that solves this one problem. Not clear whether that's the right approach. And on Friday, we'll read a great paper that sort of pushes back against that general line of attack, which is, oh, these general purpose systems don't work very well. We need these brand new solutions. Friday's paper is a great counter example to that. So I hope you guys will read it and come to class. All right, so when you start, and this is a sort of good advice for when you're trying to address any sort of problem with the system, certainly a performance problem as well. The first thing to do is have a goal in mind. Have a specific, this is sort of part of being scientific. I know that computer science is one of those fields that has to have science in the name to sort of reassure ourselves, right? Someone famous said that all the sciences that have science aren't real sciences, right? My wife is a political scientist and she would agree with that statement. So, you know, but this is a case where you can actually make yourself feel like a real scientist. Like put on your little lab coat and, you know, have a hypothesis. This is like, this is the thing I'm curious about. You know, for example, Scott and I were talking earlier, you know, does the randomness and TOB replacement in the solution set have an effect on performance that's causing the performance to vary when we run it with different seats? I don't know. Let's find out, all right? So that's our hypothesis, is that might be causing the high variance that we've observed. That like validate things. This is particularly important when you, if you start writing simulators, you know, a simulator is only as, any results that you get from a simulator is only as good as the simulator itself. Simulator is wrong, you're in trouble. So, you know, writing one of these tools from scratch is a lot of work. Even using somebody else's tool that's pretty mature, you need to be careful with them. Just make sure that it's measuring the right things. And, you know, oops, I should have increased the font size. So, and then, you know, use this toolkit as needed. There are times when, you know, we didn't talk about modeling today, but there are times when coming up with an analytical model of the system can be really useful and help you think about how the system works and observe some things about it. There are other times when it's not that helpful. And you have, but you know, you have a lot of tools at your disposal here. There's also profiling tools and other things that are built into a lot of these standard, standard toolkits. So that can be something that can help, right? Let me see where we are on time. Okay, I think I'm close enough to be done.  I think I'll pick up here tomorrow. So tomorrow we'll talk about statistics. We'll talk about Amdahl's Law, which is maybe one of the two or three things that I hope you walk away from this class knowing something about. And then we'll go over Butler-Lampson's famous and fairly whimsical paper on hints for computer system design. So I will see you guys on Wednesday.


So building membrane proteins from hydrophobic residues with only alpha helices is a very simple way to create them and that's why the first structures we found looked that way. Bacteria rhodopsin, 1990, seven transmembrane helices, all alpha helical and very hydrophobic. Aquaporin, 1997, well it's not quite helix, but you have two re-entrant helices and they pair up to effectively form one long helix. I will count that as one helix. That's fine, exception confirming the rule. But as time has gone on we've seen more and more proteins that are very complicated. Glutamate transporter, we have a horizontal helix here, multiple re-entrant regions, two proteins are likely interacting with each other, I won't even start to go into details. So why does this happen? Well likely because when we started determined structures we started with the lowest hanging fruit and the lowest hanging fruit were the ECWAS that were easy to predict and understand. Be aware that there is a selection bias in chemistry and in science in general. We start by finding the EC stuff. It doesn't mean that everything is EC. So are all membrane proteins helical? No, there are some beta sheets too, but in the interest of time I'm not really going to go through it. In terms of statistics 95% is helix to understand membrane protein interactions between lipids starting just with the helices is going to be fine enough for now.


I recently had the absolute pleasure of working with youthful minds, a group of young people with lived experience of mental illness in Jersey, who were supported by Jersey Mind to educate others about mental illness. I asked them what four things they wished every teacher knew about mental health, and here's what they had to say. I think it's important to recognise that our students, we do have lives outside of school, and the lesson we're setting at that moment might not be our priority, and we're probably just as frustrated as you are if we can't make a lesson, or if we don't make school in the day.   Not only will it help their students, but it can help someone that they know, and just like how to help them, how to support them, just educate themselves and mental health in general. Yeah, if a student doesn't hand in the homework the next day, or if it's they're late handing it in, then don't necessarily go up to them and give them a detention, or give them some withdrawal them, because if you do that you're not going to find out the reason why, and they could have been struggling the night before and fighting for their lives inside their own heads about whether they want to be alive or not anymore, so it's really important that you do take into consideration their reasons behind not handing in their homework, rather than punishing them for not handing it in. I hope that gave you some food for thought. I would love to hear in the comments what you found helpful and what you'd like to know more about. Don't forget to subscribe for new mental health videos every Tuesday and Friday. Thanks for watching.