In the last class, I have discussed about the seismic retaining wall. Now, in the last section of this previous class, I have discussed the hydrodynamic force during the seismic condition. So, today I will discuss about the how to determine the location of that hydrodynamic force in different condition. So, now for this section, now this pore water hydrodynamic effect of the pore waters as I have discussed in the last class that if this is the retaining wall and this side is water and this side this is soil. And assume that water surface or ground water surface. So, this is ground line or ground level the ground water table and the height of this water table is h. So, this is retaining wall, this side this is water free water and this side soil is there inside the soil pores water represent and water surface is again here also it is height is h on the base of the retaining wall. So, as I have discussed that if I consider now this is the variation and this variation is p 1. Similarly, we will get another variation here that is p 2 as it is shown that this condition and this condition are different because it is the free water which is moving and here it is the water is within the soil pores. So, here we consider this variation same variation those values are different here we consider the p 1 at any depth from the top of the water table is p 1 stress and here p 2. And last class and it is mentioned that p 1 is 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half y to the power half here if it is small h then this will be small h to the power half if it is capital H then this will be capital H. Now, it is also derived that the total dynamic water force per unit length was given by 7 by 12 k h gamma w h to the power half gamma w h square where h is the height of the water and gamma w is the unit weight of the water k h is the coefficient of horizontal seismic zero static seismic coefficient. So, now this was derived for the last class for water in a free condition. Now similarly now we can we have to determine the location of the resultant water pressure. Now here we know the total force that is p capital 1 per meter that is in 7 by 12 k h gamma w h square now where it will act that we can determine that that location y w that will be equal to 1 by p 1 integration 0 to h p 1 d 1 d y into y. So, as we have consider a small segment of thickness d y with a height y from the water surface. So, that means the total force means y bar that is the location of this water pressure that will be 1 by p 1 p 1 is the total dynamic water force to 0 to h p y small p y is the pressure at any depth from the top into d y y. So, now we will write that p 1 into capital 0 to h small p 1 d y into 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half y to the power half into y into d y. So, finally we can write p 1 into 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half 0 to h into y to the power half into y into d y. So, after the integration we will get 1 by p 1 into 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half into small h to the power 5 by 2 into 2 by 5 and we will get that 1 by p 1 into 7 by 20. So, this will be 7 by 20 k h gamma w h cube. So, finally if I put the value of p y p y that is 7 by 12 k h gamma w h square. So, we will get this value of 12 by 20 h this 7 by 12. So, this will be 12 by 20 into h k h gamma w and 1 h square that will be cancel out from this value. So, now we will get this value is 0.6 of h. So, that means the location of the water force is 0.6 of h from the top of the water level and the total force is 7 by 12 k h gamma w h square. So, now once we get this value next thing is that. So, if I draw the same figure again. So, this is the water free water level and this is small h and this is ground water surface sorry ground level and the same water level here ground water table. This is the base of the retaining wall. So, here we will get a variation that is p 1. So, similarly we will get another very similar variation that is p 2 at any depth. Now, as it is mentioned that is given that p 1 is equal to 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half y to the power half. Similar expression is proposed that p small p 2 is 0.7 times of p 1. So, this is given Matso and Ohara 1960. So, here it is proposed that p 2 is 0.7 times of p 1. So, that means the stress distribution here is what a hydrodynamic pressure of water within the soil is less than the water pressure applied by free water. So, here it is free water. So, here this is p 1 small p 1. Now, here the water is within the void. So, this water pressure is less than the water pressure applied by the free water. So, now here if this expression is applied. So, that means this will be 7 and p 1 is 7 by 8 k h gamma w h to the power half y to the power half. So, this value will be 0.613 approximately k h gamma w h to the power half y to the power half. So, now if we integrate this force also then we will get the total dynamic hydrodynamic force applied by the water within the soils. So, that is p 2 per unit length that will be similar to 0.7 times of 7 by 12 k h gamma w h to the power half. So, that means this is basically p 1 per unit length. So, now we will get this expression that this will be 0.408 k h gamma w h square. So, the total force applied by this free water is 7 by this value is 7 by 12. So, now we know that 7 by 12 k h gamma w h square and then p 2 per unit length that is the 0.7 times of p 1. So, this will be 0.408 k h gamma w h square. Now, during an earthquake the force per unit area on the seaward. So, suppose this is seaward sea side and this is the coast area. So, now we can write the resultant force on a retaining wall during earthquake is p 1 plus p 2. So, the resultant force we are taking the maximum force on a retaining wall that is equal to p 1 plus p 2 as this one side force is applied and another side it is released. Now, here the resultant one will be p 1 plus p 2. So, this value will be if I take p 1 plus p 2 then this will be p 1 plus 0.7 plus 7 times of p 1. So, this is also p w per unit length. So, you can write this is 1.7 times of p 1 and p 1 value is 1.7 times 7 by 12 k h gamma w h square. So, that value will be 0.992 k h gamma w h square. So, that value will be 0.992 k h gamma w into a square. So, this is the force total force applied on a retaining wall due to water pressure. If this side is water then and this side also water both are in the same level. If it is a different level then this h value will be different and you have to adjust this value according to that. So, now, if it is same level and this is 0.992 k h gamma w into h square. So, this is the total resultant force per unit length due to hydrodynamic pressure. So, this is the force that is applied on a retaining wall. So, during the retaining wall you have to consider this force also during the design. Now, these things are done for the hydrodynamic case. Now, this all the analysis that we have done is for the active case condition. So, similarly we can determine these values for the passive case condition also. The expression will be only the coefficient expression will be different otherwise the process is same. So, now for the passive case that p p earthquake or seismic that will be half gamma a square 1 minus k v into k p e where k v and all the other times are remain same as the active case only this k p e expression that will change.  So, this is the expression of k p e where theta is equal to tan inverse k h 1 minus k v. So, other things are remain same only this k p e expression that will change. Now, these are the design steps for the seismic condition of retaining wall. So, these are our normal traditional retaining wall. So, what are the additional force that you have to consider during the earthquake condition and if water is present or if you not if water is present then you have to consider the hydrodynamic force. So, those things I have discussed. Now, these things are for the our normal retaining wall design. Now, what will happen? What are the changes that we have to measure? We have I have already discussed about the design step of reinforced retaining wall under static condition. Now, what are the additional steps or additional things we have to consider during the earthquake condition that we will discuss in the next section. So, now here so for the reinforced retaining wall in the seismic condition. So, as I have mentioned that in the reinforced retaining wall design we have to consider two condition. One is for the internal stability check another is for the external stability check. So, internal stability basically we have to design the spacing between the reinforcement and the length of the reinforcement how we will provide. So, these things have already been discussed. So, now what are the additional things that we will consider for this part that I will discuss. So, first we will consider the seismic condition, the retaining wall design that for suppose this is the retaining wall and we are assuming we are taking the uniform spacing and the length of the reinforcement. So, this is uniform spacing S B and this is L is the total length of the reinforcement layer including the anchorage length and the L R and L E including the anchorage length also. Suppose this height of the retaining wall is H. So, these are reinforcements. Now, we can consider in the two parts this one one is this is the H and this one is the up to the reinforced zone. This is the reinforced zone we can write this is the reinforced zone. So, in the retaining wall design. So, this is the reinforcement. So, the reinforcement will provide up to this length. So, up to this one this is the reinforced zone and after that this one there also there is soil, but it is not reinforced one. This one is the unreinforced because required length of the reinforcement may be up to this. So, we will call this is reinforced zone and this one is the unreinforced zone. So, what are the forces additional force. So, suppose this is the weight of the reinforced zone that will act here. Now, first step that how will decide this reinforced zone and unreinforced zone that thing first we will design this retaining wall under static condition. So, first we can design this retaining wall under static condition then we can we can determine how much length will provide here and what is the S B value. So, that is the first step for the we should say this is the first iteration that we design this retaining wall under static condition. So, in the how to design the retaining wall how to calculate this length spacing that those things have already been discussed. So, now we condition design this retaining wall under static condition then we will get this reinforced zone say and. So, therefore, this is the reinforced zone this is the length and height and here we will apply at horizontal pressure that is serious static force that is P in the reinforced zone in the seismic condition. So, here P R S is the horizontal force in the reinforced zone for the seismic condition. Now, here the P A that will act for the active pressure and that will act at a height of H by 3. Now, similarly another force del P active in the seismic condition that will act at a height of 0.6 H. So, these are the forces and in additional this is the T is the shear force and this N is the normal force. So, these are the forces that will act in a reinforced retaining wall structure. So, during the design of static condition then we consider this weight and this P A active force under static condition only these two forces we consider during the design of the retaining wall under static condition. For the seismic condition we have to add two additional force this is horizontal force and neglecting the vertical one this is the horizontal force P reinforced zone in seismic condition and this is the additional force due to the earthquake P A E S in the seismic condition. So, as it is known that the seismic condition static force is acting H by 3 from the base of the retaining wall and seismic force which act as a height of 0.6 H from the base of the retaining wall. So, these are the force that will apply. Now, we will design for the external design and the internal design. So, two design step one is external and the internal design. So, and it is assumed it is already been designed for the seismic condition. So, we know that this retaining wall is safe under external and internal design criteria under static condition. Now, let us see what are the additional steps that we have to consider for the seismic condition. For the external design the step one that the determine the peak horizontal ground surface acceleration that is A max. So, during the design you have to determine what the peak horizontal ground surface acceleration for a particular earthquake or that no. So, A max we will determine first. So, that value we have to determine. Now, steps two once you know that so these are the process by which we can determine the A max. So, those things are the beyond the scope of this lecture. So, now here we assume that we know the A max. So, this A max we have to determine for a particular site. And so, now once we know this A max for the seismic condition, then we have to determine peaks acceleration at the centroid of the reinforced zone. So, this A max is the peak ground acceleration. Now, next we will calculate the peak acceleration as the centroid that means this centroid of the reinforced zone by this expression S e that is equal to 1.45 minus A max divided by G into A max divided by G into A max. So, first we will determine the A max the peak ground acceleration for any particular area. So, once we get that A max for the design area, then we will calculate that centroid peak acceleration at the centroid of the reinforced zone by using this expression 1.45 minus A max by G into A max. Now, the step three that once we get the A max then calculate dynamic force this delta P a s. So, now what is the additional force that due to this earth square condition this delta P a s we can calculate by using this expression 0.375 A c gamma b A square minus A max by G into A max. Now, what is gamma b? Now, gamma b is the here if we consider this is reinforced zone and this is the unreinforced zone then we have two different maybe two different densities. So, this densities or unit weight is for the reinforced zone and this is for the backfill zone. So, this gamma b is the unit weight of the backfill zone and here gamma r is the unit weight of the reinforced zone. So, in this expression that A c is the peak acceleration horizontal acceleration at the centroid of the reinforced zone, gamma b is the unit weight of backfill zone, h is the height of the retaining wall, G is the acceleration due to gravity. So, now once we get this value then the step four this will be that internal force that we will calculate. So, here another force the internal force acting on the reinforced zone. So, now once we get this dynamic force P delta P a s active in seismic condition then we will get the inertial force acting on the reinforced zone. Step four to calculate inertial force acting on the reinforced zone and that is P r s actually this inertial force. So, that means what are the things in step one we will calculate the A max then step two calculate the A c in the step three we calculate this delta P a s in step four we will calculate this force actually this is P r s this is the inertial force in the reinforced zone due to seismic condition. So, this is P r s P reinforced zone in the seismic condition this is the inertial force acting on the reinforced zone with the expression of sigma c gamma r h into L divided by G which is very simple that this is this is this gamma r h L by G this is m and this is a c is the acceleration. So, m into acceleration mass into acceleration that is the inertial force. So, here acceleration is in the reinforced zone is a c then here gamma r is a unit weight in the reinforced zone h is the height of the retaining wall L is the length of the retaining wall and G is the acceleration due to gravity. So, now step five. So, now we know that dynamic force you know the inertial force. Now the step five is add P a s that is equal to P a plus delta P a s. So, this is the total force during the seismic condition P a s. So, we have to add P a s and 50 percent of P r s to the static force on the reinforced zone and we have to check the all the possibilities and then check overturning sliding again. So, that means, so as it is it was designed for that purpose that we have already checked all these overturning sliding for the static condition. So, now in this with that the static condition force we have to add this delta P a s to P a s with the static condition force. So, that means, this P a is only for the static condition. So, now we add delta P a s. So, now we can write this is delta P a s and 50 percent of P r s. So, total dynamic force and 50 percent of inertial force to the static force. Now static force is P a. So, we have to add delta P a s. So, with that was and 50 percent of P r s acting on the reinforced zone. And now once these force are added due to this dynamic force dynamic force and this inertial force then we have to check again this overturning sliding similar to the static condition. Because these things when we check this overturning a slide you consider only the static forces that is P a. Now we have to add delta P a s and 50 percent of inertial force that is P r s within the reinforced zone. And then we have to check again all the forces that mean overturning and the sliding again. Now the question is why we have taken 50 percent of P r s. The reason is that that it is a fact that the maximum value of delta P a s and P r s are unlikely to occur at the same time.  So, that is why we will take 50 percent of P r s and then we will check this overturning and sliding. So, once we check this overturning and sliding if it is safe then fine if it is not safe then you have to make you have to change the our properties that means length of the reinforcement other things to make this condition safe for the seismic condition. So, that is the safe this reinforced retaining wall under seismic condition also that means you have to redesign these things you have to change the dimension of the retaining wall and all the other parameters. So, that it can be safe under seismic condition also. So, this is the external checks. Now next part is for the internal checking of the reinforced wall. So, that means the internal stability checking. So, and it is already been discussed that for the design criteria. So, this is the failure pattern for the 45 degree plus 5 by 2 and this is another failure pattern for this two different types of reinforcement. So, this one is H by 2 this one also H by 2 and this total value is H and this value is given 0.3 of H. Now this one is valid for inextensible reinforcement and this is extensible reinforcement. So, now based on that we have designed for the static condition also and we determine what are the spacing and the length. Now let us check for the internal design steps for the check the seismic condition stability. Now furiostatic internal force acting on the unstable internal failure zone. So, we will calculate that P R S. So, that force we have already calculated that is sigma C S e into gamma R L into H divided by G. So, this force you have already calculated. So, this force once we calculate this force this is for the P R S that is our external design criteria. This is for the external stability check. So, when external stability so, there is a difference between two forces. So, P R S we used for the external stability check condition. So, we there we consider that for the forces acting here for this reinforced zone where this is L L. H and this is so, this weight and the force that P R S acting within the reinforced zone. So, that was used for the external checking condition. Now for the internal one we will calculate similar type of internal failure zone that is P R R. So, or we can write that is our pseudo static inertial force acting on the external stability. So, internal failure zone so, that means, in previous case we consider that the total weight of this zone. Now here we will consider only the failure zone. If this is for the failure zone for the inextensible reinforcement and if it is is extensible reinforcement then we will get this type of failure. So, now either we will so, we will consider only the weight of this failure zone. So, now here for the internal checking that is this P R R that will be A C again divided by G into W A, where W A is the internal weight of the failure mass. So, that means, here so, that means, external you consider the total weight of this zone, but in the internal stability check we consider only the weight of this failure mass. So, we consider this weight of this failure mass for two different reinforcement condition. So, this is the only difference.  So, once we determine this P R R then you distribute this P R R to each reinforcement depending upon its area or you can distribute this reinforcement equal this force this extra additional force due to seismic condition equally to each reinforcement or you can we can distribute is proportionately according to the area this reinforcement is covering to this because it is not always mandatory that reinforcement spacing and length would be same it may be different. So, if it is different then proportionately we can distribute this additional force to the reinforcement and then and then another condition that as I have mentioned that this is the length which is if we this is failure zone we can provide reinforcement up to this. So, that means, there is a anchorage length and that if it is varying then it is not same for all the reinforcement. So, here this anchorage length that we have provided is more compared to the anchorage length that we have provided here. So, depending upon the area of the anchorage length and the spacing we can distribute this force to the each reinforcement layer because then this design will be more economical because here more this force it can resist more if the anchorage length is more. So, we can distribute according to proportionately to the reinforcement. Then the step 3 then add the dynamic force this additional force with the static force. Now, add now here the previously we have considered the static tensile force and based on that we consider the. So, previously based on the tension force developed with the reinforcement we design our spacing and then the length. So, now this static tensile force due to this dynamic force there will be the additional force that will developed within the reinforcement. So, this additional tensile force will develop within the reinforcement. So, we have to add this additional tensile force with the static tensile force in the reinforcement that is develop within the reinforcement. Now, step 4 now that is once we add this dynamic and the static reinforcement. Now, this total tensile force that should be at least 75 percent of tau allowable. Now, that means the total tensile force that will this is due to the dynamic and the static that should be around the 75 percent of the tau allowable because at least 75 percent of the tau allowable. So, the now the thing is that. So, suppose if we design it considering the total tensile force within the reinforcement during the static design if we take the total tensile allowable tensile force that is equal to and this is fully it will be utilized during the static condition then definitely if we design that thing for the seismic condition it would be unsafe because we have already taken the total allowable tensile force of the reinforcement during the design of the static condition. So, the additional force during the dynamic condition if it will act then definitely this will be a unsafe design. So, the option is that initially we do not if we do not consider the total allowable force during a design that is one option and another option we can change the spacing and the length of the reinforcement so that we can account the static and the dynamic condition both. So, that means when we consider the static condition then we redesign our internal. So, initially we consider that basically our static tensile force and now due to this dynamic force there will be a additional force act will act within the reinforcement. So, this additional dynamic force also we have to incorporate within this allowable tensile strength of the reinforcement. So, we have to redesign we have to design the spacing and the length of the reinforcement so that it can account this additional tensile force. Now, step five we have to check about the anchorage length of the reinforcement also. So, once we take check the tensile strength of the reinforcement then there is another possibility you have to check about the anchorage length of the reinforcement. So, that it can account both static and the dynamic condition so that we have to apply proper anchorage length beyond the failure surface so that it can account the both tensile and the static and the tensile condition. So, now here we have to design this if I consider the overall summary of this additional design. So, that means first we have to design it for the static condition. So, then you will get an idea what to be the required length and that thing we can use for the our first trial condition. So, what would be the length of the reinforcement and what is the height and spacing. So, based on that we will design or determine what would be the area of the reinforced zone. So, then there will be two different density one is in the reinforced zone another in the outside the reinforced zone. So, once we get the reinforced zone and based on that we will calculate that inertial force within the reinforced zone and then once then this inertial force and the dynamic force that will act that we have to add with static force to during the external check of the stability. So, once we get add these things then we have to check it again whether this is safe against overturning or sliding not. If it is safe fine otherwise we have to redesign the reinforcement length and other parameter so that it can take the dynamic load also. So, then I mean there is two part one is external another is internal. So, the internal one we have to again calculate the internal inertial force and that is for considering within the failure mass only. So, one and then we have to distribute that force within the reinforcement and so that in the proportionality also and then we have to check whether the tensile strength or tensile force which developed within the reinforcement due to the static condition and dynamic condition that is within the allowable limit or not. So, if it is not within the allowable limit then we have to change the design criteria and then we have to change the spacing and the length of reinforcement and as well as we have to check whether this anchorage length that we have provided during the static condition that is sufficient or not during the dynamic or seismic condition or not. If it is not such a sufficient then we have to provide more anchorage length so that this system can take the seismic load also. So, these are the steps of the design of the retaining or reinforced retaining wall under seismic condition. So, now the next step that another possibility is that so suppose another example how to save the our structure for the reinforcement suppose if there is a slope and this slope is unstable during the suppose this is the slope failure line and this is the unstable it is stable during static condition but it is unstable during seismic condition. So, there also if I provide a reinforcement layer here then we can save the design against seismic condition also. So, that means there is a possibility that these are the techniques that we can make this design save for the seismic condition. One example that I have already explained that how to save this design against retaining wall then we can account this seismic condition also then also we can make the our slope stable if I provide reinforcement also in the seismic condition. So, that is one option of making the structure stable against seismic condition. So, then the next section on the next class I will explain about the how this soil foundation interaction and how this soil and found is the interact each other in during the loading condition and different other condition those things I will explain in the next few classes. Thank you.


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Elizabeth, may I now turn to you and ask you as our most expert in Europe to tell us what you can tell us about the example of the European Union, which basically was built at the beginning on economic interest with the SECA, are the best practices that we could share with our African partners and friends, are there also bad policies that they could make the economy off? How can we somehow, how have we arrived to Brexit? Is that something that could happen in Africa if we don't pay enough attention to the people who are going to be the first consumers and the first, I would say, beneficiaries of this agreement? So thank you for your wisdom on that. European, especially African, who are at the height of the stakes that we have to face together, then you have to invent a new partnership, which is a partnership of equal to equal. So then we are inspired by good practices, there you are absolutely right, and we are looking to draw from the sound of what did not work for Africans in Europe and for Europe, by the way, what did not work in Africa, that naturally. So I would like to say on the relations, I would like to insist on the relations between Europe and Africa, because we hear a lot say in France that Africa can be for Europe a nightmare or a dream. Me, what I see is that indeed, the populists in Europe, everywhere in Europe now, insist on the fact that Africa will be a nightmare for the Europeans. That's it. Their trade fund, their trade fund, which has always been, by the way, for extremists to attest the fears, without ever proposing solutions, well, takes the argument that the demographic expansion in Africa is so superior to the economic expansion that, despite the dynamism of Africa, we will be able to, in Africa, create enough jobs to absorb the demands of jobs of young people, and that, therefore, we are talking about 200 million unemployment, if we do not create enough jobs, moreover, extremists and populists say, well, all these young people are going to feed even more the insecurity and instability in Africa, which is still already big, feed, and, by the way, the traffic, or, well, then, to defy them, that's their language to them, to defy Europe. So, I don't think that, on the European side, we have to ignore these fears, I mean, the unequivocal demographic that exists, we have to look at it, obviously, look at it in the face. But the populists also play on other fears that come from further away, which are, for Europeans, the fear of decline, of the loss of influence, there have been a lot of questions in the discussions since yesterday, Europeans must get used to becoming emigration countries, while they have been in the history of emigrants themselves, they must get used to not ruling the world anymore, and on the African side, of course, there are also, in view of Europe, this feeling that still exists and that must also be understood, which comes from colonialism and from neocolonialism, which has continued to survive after the independence. So, all of these are fears, a constructive development of relations between Europe and Africa. But the problem is that if these fears dominate, if we don't react to these speeches that are made by the populists, then Europe will close more and more to Africa, and if Africa, due to its needs that you know, of infrastructure, of obviously important and fast financing, sells itself to China, you speak about it brutally, there will come a time when there will be considerable damage on both sides. And Europe risks, then, to be dominated by the populists, as we see it in Italy, which will feed, because the populists are unable to bring, obviously, real answers to people's problems, it will feed a lot of disillusionment, and therefore even more, to close, and to reflect on itself. And on the side of Africa, it will come well if Africa, hopefully, helps with the ease of the short term of having these financing, well, there will be a time when we will present the note anyway, the surrogacy, already, is a problem. So, compared to that, what I would like to say is that there is no fatality on the contrary to this nightmare, and I think that Africa and Europe can, on the contrary, have and build together winning relations on both sides, and that's what I think. So, how? First, why? First, because there are obvious complementarity. On the one hand, we have an old Europe that needs a job, and a living force. On the other hand, we have, on the contrary, a violent youth. We also have, obviously, in Europe, there are, for Africa, training opportunities, technological imports, so we can see that these complementarity could be combined to create positive synergies. And then, the reason to do so is that there are common challenges that can only be overcome if there are cooperative strategies between Europe and Africa. This is, of course, not only the challenge of youth employment, but the challenges of artificial intelligence, well, of the whole new economy, of the mastery of mobility, because mobility will grow with development. It has been shown for a long time. So, even if Africa develops more harmoniously than today, anyway, the demand for mobility will be greater. So, we are absolutely condemned to manage that. I think that we need a co-management of these movement of population to be able to regulate them, to control them, and not to close everything, to organize legal ways of mobility of both parties. And then, obviously, we need to fight together against all forms of insecurity and, obviously, to raise the ecological challenge. So, how can we do this? First of all, it seems to me that Europe and Africa must take their respective responsibilities. Don't throw yourself and throw yourself at the ball, say, it's your fault, it's not mine, we hear that all the time. I think that Europe must now invest more in Africa, not just content with trade. That is to say, a lot of buying raw materials, transforming them into Europe and reselling them, which doesn't create much employment in African countries. I know trade, but we can't just rely on it. So, investment in the private sector, unfortunately, the international aid has a lot of power that you denounce, that is to say, the bad governance and corruption, too, in Africa. That is the responsibility of Africans. I don't insist, you have a lot to insist on, but it is extremely important, obviously. And it seems to me that we can do it by capturing an opportunity that is in front of us, which is the negotiation of the post-Cotonous agreements. Well, so far, it is still not visible, but there is still this experience in 2020. Until then, the Cotonous agreements were a kind of crap where we put together all the old colonized countries of the European Union. We must absolutely counter the questions of Europe and Africa separately, with, in my opinion, four requirements. First, a political strategy that is defined and accepted both sides, whether it is equal to equal, or on both sides, we put proposals on the table, where we have real political discussions between the responsible. The second thing is that it seems to me that there would be co-production agreements in the key sectors that we all know, the big food, the energy, the ecology, the digital, the health, the education. We must absolutely have a bank holding banks to secure investments and ensure the mobility of the capital. The banks currently exist. They are far from doing these things their priority. And finally, it seems to me, as Pemed said, but Jean-Louis Guigot may also come here a lot, on all that, by the way. We must have a foundation, as it exists in Asia, between China, Japan and the countries of the South, of Asia as it exists between the US, a foundation that mixes, as we do here at the WPC, but in a permanent way, experts, researchers, political officials, business leaders, to both analyze the present and think about the future. What should we do to maximize our chances together? And finally, I will really finish with that. Not only do we have to work on the economy, but we also have to work on the cultural dialogue. Because the European fear is also very identifiable and on the African side, too. And so, if we don't get there, if we continue to live with the idea that there is a clash of civilizations that we put religion to all this, with a lot of amalgams, we won't get there. There is especially a clash of ignorance, as a well-known philosopher used to say, and so we have the duty to erase differences, because it's a wealth, but to see what is approaching us and between Europeans and Africans, there is history, which also had these good times. There are human links, especially, which are a great wealth and which we don't benefit enough. And it seems to me that all this should be more in the public debate. We only hear about catastrophes. I tell you, because at the Annaline Foundation for the Dialogue of Euro-Mediterranean Cultures, we have measured this in great studies for ten years, studies that we do every three years. Our societies expect that we put in light precisely what is approaching us and not what divides us. And when we ask them about the problems that are constantly exploited in populist discourses, is that what is essential? We have measured that. Well, people say, yes, it's true, it's problems. War, turmoil, racism, xenophobia, but between us, it's not essential. So, I think what I wanted to tell you this afternoon is that there are really problems of Europe. It's a thing. We have to rule them. I think that Europe has revealed much more resilient than we thought at the beginning of Brexit, which will be more a problem for the United Kingdom, much more than for the European Union, even if it's a weakness, objectively, for both. And I think that we don't actually have any other choice than to try to work together once again in a different state of mind of the past and, unfortunately, still a bit of a certain presence. Thank you very much, Elisabeth, for this general analysis that sets the frame of our discussion. I take one point in particular, which is that of the renegotiation of the Cotenou agreements, because it's true that we will have to be aware of what it accompanies, or even comforts the implementation of this exchange-free agreement. It's one of the subjects on which we will certainly have to pay attention.


The following is a presentation of TFNN The power trading hour with your host David white Call now toll-free at 1-877-927-6648 or internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> now David white And welcome all to another excellent Edition of the power trading hour. I have my chart up. I'm not exactly sure why It's not out there You have a chance that it may be because of a webinar and So I see somebody else is live here looking at discord and he chants that they're keeping mine out Just a thought There they go. Okay Tiger chat host chat See what else we have going on here Got some other Okay, we'll do that Anyway, as always it doesn't matter Where you're at as long as you're here at the appointed time The following takes place between 2 p.m. And 3 p.m So see I'm in tiger chat All right, and I don't have any ability to Share my screen and I'm not exactly sure why in the office. Maybe they can tell me Okay, I have an event up at the top a webinar chat room Okay, I'm in the tiger TV. Okay That there goes Some reason I just had to cycle it a few times and it decided to go There we go anyway If you have any questions<PHONE_NUMBER> email me at path at tfnn.com and of course As always you can leave a message in the den if you want to look anything right now That's at the present time if you're in in Lutes, Florida Which is 208 p.m. Eastern time The S&P is up 10 points Dows up 209 Nasdaq's off 40 Russell's up to So do we have much of anything going on? No One of the reasons why I got out of my long position for the squeeze on Friday was the incredibly low Trend numbers on the AmEx At best it tells you you've got one more day maybe of higher prices and then much lower because everybody's long The other thing that it may be is that you know Maybe you just have a very tiny amount to the upside to be found But I'm not thinking that there's a ton of cash ready to Descend on the market at higher prices. I think people are trying to buy pullbacks So you might get that but pretty quiet day Some of them were lower Microsoft Apple was lower a little bit earlier Microsoft's up a percent Apple's basically back to unchanged Nvidia is down still about four tenths of a percent without that big micron down half percent You might have found a low in CCJ had some people asking about that. So we'll take a look at it. So What is this about 35% off the highs? Let's go ahead and clean this up as we do it Okay so Yeah, the big problem I have is you had some fairly decent volume on the downside on the Ninth you had 13 million shares and the previous low out there was at 10 million shares you know Can you find that maybe this is some kind of level where it will not go lower? Could be Ideally though what you want to see is on higher volume lows is consolidation So I'm not in a big hurry to go out and buy this could it just go ahead and rally It could I mean you're up a little bit 10% off the lows But I'm not a big fan of that especially coming down on heavier volume Finding a previous low on lighter volume what you want And I'll echo people that I learned from high volume lows are not lows unless they get retested So, you know ideally what you'd like is the next few days for these things to come back on very light volume Get back underneath a nine-day moving average or my favorite the three by three displaced moving average and then on very light volume Go ahead and turn back higher and then the volume will come in people will think about it But I don't see a whole lot out here that makes me want to go. You know what? I want to buy just about everything I can Life see who didn't know gummies. I just thought that was it Gummy lawyers. Okay. What type of gummies any kind any kind would find they were making fun in the den of my Little headline that I have a little it's kind of like the mint on your hotel Hotel pillow out there, but I hope when I in Inevitably choked to death on gummy bears people will just say I was killed by bears and leave it at that As I said before eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight See if there's anything else. They got a couple of minutes Why don't we go ahead do a little history and then we'll come back to the charts already in progress over most of TFN in On this day in 1960 physicist, that's a real smart guy who knows stuff Theodore Maiman creates the first laser light using a synthetic ruby crystal device He was not the first to develop the theories behind lasers. Of course that was Bueller Bueller it was Einstein nor the first to apply patents But he was the first to create an operating laser device the light produced by this device was not a true beam as we think of Most lasers today, but rather a pulse The other researchers would create the first laser beam soon after by putting mirrors on That each side of a tube and letting them bounce back and forth before they Bounce out of the front of the laser which has a very tiny tiny tiny little hole And that's how it knows that that's what's where it's supposed to go But laser Light amplification through Stimulated Something Radiation, I don't know what the laugh get what the AA is for I used to know all this stuff But I do digress anyway on this day in 1960 now. We've got all kinds of stuff except laser beams La light Yeah, what's the a stand for though? Yeah, I had it I'm tired And worn out I shall disappear. I'll play hurt Inflation we are purchasing powers eroded. 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But seeing little to no return or are you a successful trader simply looking to make your job a little easier Learn to take the path of least resistance with David White's powerful trading newsletter David White is an accomplished trader whose deep understanding of technology and markets allows him to consistently find and share winning trades support and resistance Define the ranges in which stocks trade by understanding these trading ranges David White is able to find the path of least resistance David White's trading newsletter the path of least resistance is delivered daily Before the markets open to make every trading day an easy win Visit tfnn.com today and subscribe to David White's ultimate trading newsletter for $119 a month and try all of our newsletters risk-free with our 30-day money-back guarantee Take the path of least resistance at tfnn educating investors Are you looking for a way to consistently add winning trades to your portfolio? Tom O'Brien is here to help Tom O'Brien has been successfully trading markets for over 30 years a frequent contributor to TD Ameritrade Network and CNBC Tom O'Brien founded tfnn over 20 years ago to help educate investors just like you Tom's daily market newsletter market insights is published every morning when the markets open to give you the competitive informational edge you need to succeed These newsletters are packed full of Tom's advanced technical analysis and are geared to deliver comprehensive strategies for a successful portfolio Get Tom O'Brien's newsletter market insights today and try all of our products and newsletters 30 days risk-free with our money-back guarantee at tfnn.com tfnn educating investors at 1-877-927-6648 internationally at<PHONE_NUMBER> And as we come back a question about tesla from mike um Well, you tested the previous low on the same volume just about uh 45 to 46 47 million shares So um, the only thing you did was kind of stay in the trading range Do I see a whole lot more for this? No, what I would love to see is a 3-8-2 or so bounce in this if you wanted to go short um, I haven't looked at What people were doing out here. Let's see real quick and see on the dailies How people are aggressively are going after it. Yeah yeah For the last couple weeks, you're averaging on the day About 25 to 30 percent in that range could probably 27 and a half percent daily shorting that didn't mean that people Still have the short positions. They could have covered before the end of the day The finery day to only tells you that people shorted that day not that they killed that Uh, you had a little lighter volume down from the highs and not a very high volume high So maybe the best you could hope for was some kind of trading range As far as retracements um Yeah, right about 900 bucks Maybe 875 depends on now the volume is out here That's where you would probably want to start looking to see that the short sellers have gone And left could it continue down lower? Yes, but the risk reward is pretty poor to go short now This is uh, right under the cow has left the barn award Uh for out there, but uh, yeah, I see a lot of stuff happening Uh, the new Ford truck gets some pretty high marks um One of my neighbors, uh Bought a uh iconic. I think it's a key, right? Uh Anyway, uh pretty interesting ev we drove around and for a little while Uh saturday night, but uh, yeah interesting So more coming I don't know what you can make of you know the South korean brands But uh, certainly interesting that there are more people now more things coming Supposedly I didn't get a chance to check it, but I did see that Uh, that supposedly maybe one of those bizarre, uh mad max Uh pickups that musk made is actually, uh rolling off the assembly line I don't know. I've seen that like a hundred times. So I don't know if I should believe it in fact I believe almost nothing anymore um now that let's just say that People in the press would probably rather Climb a tree until alive and stand on the ground and tell the truth There's little of nothing that they won't change color or altar for their nefarious deeds So I don't know about that, but uh, just looking at the chart out here Yeah, you didn't get more volume, which is kind of a tie goes to the rummer or a runner in a bull market But in a bear market, uh Almost means you're going to get a retest fairly uh quickly and sooner rather than later Hyundai ionic. Yeah, that's what it was Yeah, there's so many of those cars around here since uh, we live in a area that is known as god's waiting room Uh, most of the people that are 70 years old are not going to drive their cars Uh, more than 50 000 miles before they, uh, assume room temperature So they go out and buy kind of the cheapest uh Korean cars, uh that are available. So they're everywhere um But uh, I don't know. Maybe they get a hundred thousand miles, but I don't think people care Around here as long as they drive and they're new and they don't have to maintain them too much change the oil That's about it, but uh, yeah Uh, boy Anyway, eight seven seven nine two seven six six four eight. Anyway, we had uh tesla Uh jet blue needed the money Uh I couldn't help that j blue, isn't it? Okay Richard wants to know about jet blue and It's back here. Um, yeah, I did Yeah, I watched five whole minutes of uh Of uh c and bc today, I did just kind of come right into your question here when they were talking about Uh, is anything good on a chart basis? Uh, you tested, uh, the previous low of 17 million shares with 11 million shares Uh, the thing I hate and I don't even know the guy's name. He's always on there though He's been around forever. I think uh that was talking about why Uh, you should be buying airlines and For a guy that's supposed to be an expert. I'm a moron when it comes to uh airline companies Uh and their books, but I can tell you how they trade I don't think you have to be a rocket scientist or a uh Or anything like that and my experience airlines, uh trade on the future price Of jet fuel since it's 80 percent of their business Not the current price of jet fuel and the reason why is uh, they've always If you know, they sell tickets early They hedge the price of that ticket out Through futures on fuel especially jet fuel and regular fuel and diesel So if the prices go up in the short term no big deal but let's say that Prices are going higher are going to stay higher And again, we know the current administration Um has a lot of folks in there that Say that they want to bankrupt The fossil fuel industry, whether it's crude gas, lean diesel, whatever Uh, and they've made no bones about it They think the price to actually crush everything and destroy the economy is eight dollars a barrel or eight dollars A gallon uh to destroy everything and then gain world Domination, I don't know what they think after they've got their Backcrab crazy idea of eight dollar a gallon gas. What they're gonna do I'm still ticked yesterday spending 75 bucks to fill my tank But I do digress, uh, could this bounce? Well, you got a little bit that what I dislike Is the heavy volume down on this last leg? Again, if you come down on heavy volume On the leg or you come down and have heavy volume on the previous low And heavy I mean somewhere close to the previous low this case. We didn't You gotta think the consolidation especially in a bear market is something that you can get Wycoft would say that you could get an automatic rally that is one that it has no, uh preparation If the energy came down on lighter volume and you got the Lighter volume at the lows right now you just have one of the two and generally I'm gonna say 65 70 chance of solidation over a v-bottom In uh, the air I know there's other stuff going on out here I'm buying airlines, but if you want to know what the price of an airline is any Just know the price of jet fuel into here. We'll be back in a minute If you want to take advantage of this sector now is the time to subscribe to my gold report The gold report is a comprehensive look at the metals sector as well as the markets that move gold Which is the currency and bond markets news subscribers get a 30-day money back guarantee So you have nothing to lose every monday morning I publish the gold report with coverage of gold silver bonds the xa u hui gdx as well as more than 30 different mining equities To sift yourself the types of profitable trades that are recommended within the gold report Sign up now by visiting tfnn.com. Don't miss out on the next great gold trade. Sign up today TFNN has just launched their new trading room the tiger zen hosted at discord TFNN has been educating traders for more than 20 years with live programming hosted by a variety of professional traders during market hours And now they are expanding their reach with the tiger's den available to all tigers and tiger's for just one dollar for the year There's no catch or added costs when you join our community of traders in the tiger's den You can look over the shoulders of tom o bryan and the other tfnn hosts while they analyze charts during their live tiger tv programs And join an interactive trading community with hundreds of members Exchanging ideas interact with other tigers and tigers as they share trading ideas news analysis and discuss the market action All trading day even at night and on the weekends the tiger's den at discord is accessible on mobile or tablets as well So it's always at your reach to sign up today and become a part of this educational community of traders Just visit the front page of tfnn.com TFNN is excited about our new software charting program the art of timing the trade charts In collaboration with tom o bryan and using his best-selling book the art of timing the trade your ultimate trading mastery system David white has programmed an outstanding piece of software that will complement any trader's methodology Using this first of its kind program the art of timing the trade charts allows you to scan thousands of stocks for Fibonacci formation setups including guardleys abc's butterflies and much more the art of timing the trade charts is designed to help You when scouring the markets for stocks just beginning to form the trading patterns that many investors spend days Weeks or even months searching to find and right now we're offering licenses available at only $79 a month We are so confident that you're going to love this new charting software that will even give you a 30 day Unconditional money back guarantee don't miss out on this incredible new piece of software Get your copy of the art of timing the trade charts today by visiting tfnn.com This segment is brought to you by think or swim for more information Just click the think or swim banner on the front page of tfnn.com Yeah, volume you've got about 7.4 billion shares at the bottom of the hour That's the 30 minutes after the top of the hour for those in lutes So we've got 30 minutes to go Before the next top of the hour again a fewer lutes But 7.4 billion shares and what does that do? I think we were doing about nine and a half billion shares on friday. So Is it better than on some days a month ago? Yeah, is it uh, probably a little bit High still and Again options expiration is on this friday. So I think you're probably going to have a little bit up and a little bit down um options have been rather bullish, but For the best point And more probable you have a very slightly higher price Uh for friday in the mix with the possibility of some real but smaller Uh downside not smaller downside with large downside at a smaller probability so It's pretty tough to get a good risk reward at the moment I continue to watch options and we'll see maybe by wednesday. We'll have something but right now It just looks like a lot of market gas And uh, yeah, you need r o l i d s Or a i d s. Yes Uh, so Yeah, I don't see a whole lot going on out here. Uh question about microsoft msft um I mean you got to know that you've had a big leg down you could bounce fairly recently Uh, you still have 287 to 290 open with a fairly good confluence level If you did get a bounce or if you're short this thing you have to know that you could take eat Uh till there anything above that is problematic Uh, but I don't see any reason to do that.  Yeah, you could see that Uh friday probably not maybe by the end of the month Uh, probably you need to come around a little bit. I'm not a big fan of being short The big caps down here, but hey what let's take a look at more of the usual suspects We have here Uh, same kind of thing with apple Uh, you got a big strong move lower Uh, yeah 151 possible 150 ish That's it. Uh, see what we have here Uh, where do I think amd and nvidia will be? Well, I disliked it on friday Uh, I wanted to play the squeeze got slightly higher today We've got about half the volume. Um Again, there's not a whole lot here if we could find some low Uh, back to around 90 ish Maybe 92 50 on amd Then maybe you could open the 113 98 Confluence level that's a pretty good indication that that's where this thing wants to go 13 Uh, actually 113 98 to 114 28 So a pretty good indication of where extreme resistance is going to be I just don't know if you can get there without proper preparation now Here's the good sign that you could get there without having to pull back That is you came down in a double repo pattern. You have one two three four five six seven eight nine ten 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Uh 18 days below the three by three you get a handful of days on the way up four of them You get four on the way down you close back above it on friday And you get something out here. I'm just suspecting though For at least a couple of days you're going to go sideways and get more short positions in it over time Could you go to 113 98? You certainly could would that negate a bearish market? The answer is no What I would love is for this thing to hover around a hundred bucks Tell maybe wednesday and get the opportunity to buy some calls on it But uh, I think there's going to be some back and forth On this before you have a lot more higher Uh, and because uh any surprises, uh, probably going to be huge to the downside I would only be uh playing this with options All right, vidya, uh, your confluence levels on that are 228 To 238 Um, you've got kind of something similar on this Um You're really just closing above it. This is the weaker of the two Though in the pattern mostly because of the huge volume down This one may need a lot more in the way Of uh consolidation before it goes higher So I would wait till uh for amd For anything I want to see it settle in and see how it attacks 100 And then look at options from uh, maybe wednesday noon on for that Uh, take a quick look at the googler See as we have Okay, google Uh, well You kind of at that what looks like maybe a low the problem is you got no volume today So you don't have a whole lot again a lot of these things in a bear market You should your default condition should be to consolidation And that means that you want at least a couple of days of these things going sideways For short sellers to pile on And confirm that Uh, but at the same time not give up the ghost, but uh, if you got it all the day or another move higher My guess is it just fail Slow and steady probably wins the race Uh, you've got a gap right there at what is that 240 ish kind of the top of that gap so you could get there 242 200 Yeah 2400 uh 400 and yeah What is that 40 yeah two 440 he did say Uh, and that is just a bigger move Out here on a longer fibonacci level. Let's go back and look at it. Um That's the 382 on the upside. Uh, what is that 2408 2409 Up there and then you have a couple of other moves. So yeah, could you get a bounce in this? Uh, yeah, what do I dislike the exact same thing everywhere else? I see and that is this huge energy coming down off the top Uh at best You get consolidation at worst they fail lower So we want a couple of days sideways out here for a lot of these stocks and then potentially higher Uh dollar sign net. Is that the same thing as just net? I don't know why everybody puts a dollar sign in front of stuff I'm gonna just assume it's net Okay Uh cloud fair Consolidation is pretty wide from 100 and what 3 to 1 What is that 116 101 to 116 so pretty wide level So that's just going to be kind of mushy, but that's probably will you run into hard? Bounce and of course that's fairly good. That's 50 bounce Uh, but like all of these uh volume did the uh increase from the march 29th low To the may 10th compared to previous moves out there So I'm not a big fan of thinking that a lot of these Are going to move again double repo patterns pretty much everywhere on the bottom You got first two days above that You want another day or two underneath it then the next move above it Then make your decision of what you think But uh, I think you need some uh more work out here before the market Be back Are you in the market for buying or selling real estate in the bay area? Including the surrounding st. 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If you trade china a shares now may be time to take a closer look trade chau or chad Directions daily csi 300 china a share bull and bear ETFs china a shares in either direction Visit direction investments.com today an investor should consider the investment objectives risks charges and expenses of the direction shares carefully before Investing the prospectus and summary prospectus contain this and other information about direction shares to obtain a prospectus or summary prospectus Please contact direction shares at eight six six four seven six seven five two three The prospectus or summary prospectus should be read carefully before investing an investment in the funds is subject to risk Including the possible loss of principal the funds are designed to be utilized only by sophisticated investors such as traders and active investors distributor foresight fund services LLC Don't forget you can listen to tfnn live on your mobile device 24 hours per day Go to tfnn.com and hit watch tiger tv That's tfnn.com and hit watch tiger tv as we come back for the last big segment Before the last small segment before the end of the show Uh, we're up 18 points on the s and p cash up 275 on the down as the down 12 Russell up two and three quarters And we have a question about the tlt What do we have out here? We came off those lows uh My thought is this thing and i've been thinking for a while is you should have stopped at 118 It blew through there and again This is a huge market once you get it moving. It's hard to get it to stop either going higher or lower momentum Is a big part of the trade in bonds herd mentality flocking mentality in the bond market Do I see a lot nothing? I you know, I would think that the fed is probably Getting enough flak that it probably wants everything just to cool down. So could you see this back at 120?  We'll see whether you can bust that Uh Holder cell pfe. Take a quick look part of the giant in industrial vaccine complex fizer Um Yeah, I was actually reading some stuff this weekend I don't know how much uh reputational risk these companies have but I think it's going to be rather large There have been some individuals In I'd call them public political action committee kind of things But more on a an issue than on a candidate Uh have succeeded in pushing out and finding just how the uh, see me underbelly of uh, these businesses are run and our our leader shameless leader mr. Fauci Not letting people know where all this money comes and where it goes at the highest levels of power Uh in the uh In edge in a national institute of health NIH Uh, but apparently, uh, there are What was it 100 pay? No now there's 20 pages There's 20 pages of single uh single lines Uh where money has uh gone to various folks and companies for Uh from the government to these companies and apparently half of it's blacked out for some unknown reason Um, my guess is that when we get into next year, uh, we'll probably get into some uh Testimony that will not be blocked as it is this year. So I'm kind of thinking that these You might have um Ups and downs In this but I think there's a lot of egg on the faces of members of uh, the u.s. government And these big drug companies, uh, and the way That money is flowing in and out of them uh, and I think you've seen some of the those folks already talk about retirement Uh, they'll probably go and try to hide in Africa somewhere But uh, it looks as much as the it looks like a CIA kind of thing with everything blacked out of who's doing what and where and where this money is going but apparently Maybe not everybody was in it just to to solve a big problem But uh, maybe to make a bunch of money on the side uh through a bunch of deals that uh Probably are not going to pass the smell test, but uh Those lawsuits are continuing My guess is when those do hit the front pages Uh, there's going to be a lot of egg. So I'm not a big fan of being in the uh vaccine industrial complex at the moment Now if we just look at the charts Uh Yeah, there's lots of stuff I don't think it has anything to do with politics either. It has a all to do with money um, so Uh, but politics is going to help that out to get uh potential investigations going on uh, anyway, uh, what you have is uh A higher low Then a higher high lower high Then a lower A higher low and now you're back in it all you have is one big pendant formation coming out of Pfizer and As I've said before in these triangles about 70 80 percent of the time Uh, when these things break out they'll break out to the to the side that they are not going to for very long They do a pretty good head fake and after the head fake, uh, they actually continue on So I wouldn't make a lot of bold suggestions But would figure out that whatever this does when it does break It's probably going the opposite way So that's it anyway. Yeah, I think uh, you know Probably not a lot in that industry Uh, that is not is going to pass a smell test early next year. I don't know what uh time frame you were talking about But in the short term, um I would be out of the thing and play the opposite side of whichever one this breaks out of First out of this triangle that's developing. Let's take a look at the ibb Um, I was looking for a lot more last week in the ibb Um, you do have a couple of days up, but again, I think this is like the rest of the market We're going to see some consolidation maybe out through wednesday or thursday this week Then maybe friday will get something if you're looking for Slow and steady higher into the three-day weekend at the end of the month I think you want to find something that is consolidating and has huge short interest and maybe those guys cover before the end of the month Uh, but uh, yeah, I don't see a lot going on here and Uh from the headlines I read this weekend and some of the other stuff Yeah I think if you're long these stocks, you got to worry. There's a reason why they're lower And that reason may When that news actually hits the front page that maybe that'll be the time to buy when everything's in But uh, I read a lot about, uh The shenanigans, uh The hootenanny that's more like a party, isn't it? Uh, the shenanigans Uh and malfeasance going on uh with a circular way of, uh awarding money From the government for this stuff and it coming back into the pockets of some of the people that run those programs So we shall see Okay, what else do we have out here? Is that it anything else? Uh No, there is some stuff. It's just mostly it doesn't Okay, uh To do what else out here question about the xle Uh as we covered at the very top of the uh time You know other than you have very light volume up here on the xle You don't have any kind of signal yet Uh any close back love With 3x3 and I would get out finally the xle Nothing out Other than light volume and that makes me worry, but It's still higher and it's holding it sharpening your skills as an investor is like getting better at playing a musical instrument You have to practice sure, but you also need excellent instruction from experts at tfnn You'll get advice and guidance from the authority and technical market analysis And it's not just dry tedious text either tfnn airs live financial content streamed live on tfnn.com And tfnn's youtube channel with tiger tv live every market day from 8 30 a.m. To 4 p.m. Eastern for free each host is an experienced trader And gives their take on the market while taking calls and questions live from around the world From the moment the market opens until the closing bell sounds tiger tv has eight different shows with expert hosts To help you make the right moves with your money Watch online at tfnn.com or on tfnn's youtube channel and become the investor you were born to be tfnn educating investors You might think that if you want to be successful at trading in the stock market You're going to need a crystal ball after all it's impossible to predict the future right like any endeavor in life Before you decide it's impossible get some advice from the experts You might find that it's not so impossible after all for daily market overviews that give you direction on the key indices selective stocks and commodities Subscribe to the opening call newsletter at tfnn.com The opening call newsletter is written by basil Chapman creator of the trading methodology known as the Chapman wave The Chapman wave up down sequence gives you an edge in identifying price turns Finding the peaks and valleys in stock prices get the opening call newsletter by basil Chapman and your inbox every day First time subscribers also get a 30 day money back guarantee If you're not satisfied, let us know and you'll get a full refund within 30 days of signing up tfnn.com educating investors With market volatility roaring back in april larry pesevento has just announced a five hour live trading webinar coming up on may 17 larry pesevento is a 56 year trading veteran It has mastered his trading skills through many different market fluctuations join larry on may 17th as you host a live Five hour trading webinar from 9 a.m. To 2 p.m. Eastern time giving you insight into how he analyzes the market in the sizes plays larry will delve deep into the abcd trading pattern explaining how to structure your trading day the times most likely to generate signals Which signals to ignore and how to use the pattern to mitigate risk in this all day five hour live trading webinar Take a seat by larry side as he trades the market's real time Including the dow and smp 500 e mini crude oil natural gas Gold treasury bonds wheat and soybeans the euro dollar pound dollar dollar yen and more If you've ever wanted to get inside the mind of a market master You cannot miss this live trading webinar to sign up today. Just visit the front page of tfnn.com Catch tom o'brien professional trader and educator founder of tfnn also a special guest on cnbc Tom will bisect and dissect the markets the tom o'brien show next on tfnn We've got the dread pirate z in the den And i had to burst his bottle About pirates and how they actually talked They never talked that way at least the way we see it It's uh, there was an actor in the 30s that was responsible for starting all that Uh, but of course uh here in tampa. It doesn't uh hold this up from From doing all that same stuff once a year for the gas gorilla festival, but uh, yeah Uh, never happened people didn't talk that way ever But uh, man, they had fun than that nonetheless Most people think that the captain actually ran stuff Yeah Nope, didn't It was uh kind of all by a vote There was a couple things captain could do but uh everybody on that crew pretty much had to agree Uh and take a vote to do darn near anything Maybe why uh, hey piracy didn't last that long question about quio gin. Um, this is a company that makes a lot of uh Testing uh chemicals and uh apparatuses and stuff like that Uh, kind of thinking of it is uh the company that sells all the tools to do stuff like uh pcr testing and Gene uh therapies and stuff like that. So they're into everything apparently This is uh, kind of like a big catalog if they don't have it. You don't need it They do a ton of different stuff Um, you did have to love that they went right down to the double gap Uh that goes back to What is that? March 8th, uh found support there on uh thursday Uh bounced on friday and up a little bit more But again a lot of the stuff needs to come back down and get some tests. We just don't have enough action uh to have a very uh Predictable rally on a lot of these. I want to see them come back to the letter We'll see you tomorrow same bad channel same bad time and in mean time Hopefully you can Building wealth trading in the stock market seems


Hello and welcome to the session in which we will distinguish between auditing and accounting, the difference between auditing and accounting. Confusion often arises between auditing and accounting because most auditing is auditing financial accounting information and auditors they have they have to have experience some sort of an experience or knowledge in accounting. Now also the title certified public accountant CPAs because auditors are CPAs they're going to confuse auditors a with accountant it doesn't really help. Accounting involves organizing economic event basically looking at information transaction organizing those transactions in going from the general journal to the ledger to the financial statement to help users make financial decision that's what accounting is. Recording transaction and events and report those transaction and events to the users to make a better financial decision so accountant what should they know they should grasp principles and rules such as such as in the United States we use generally accepted accounting principle or known as GAAP for accurate data preparation as well as established effective system for timely recording so they they have to have some sort of a system that's the job of an accountant to record the information according to the principles. Before we proceed any further I have a public announcement about my company farhatlectures.com. Farhat accounting lectures is a supplemental educational tool that's going to help you with your CPA exam preparation as well as your accounting courses my CPA material is aligned with your CPA review course such as Becker, Roger, Wiley, Gleam, Miles my accounting courses are aligned with your accounting courses broken down by chapter and topics my resources consist of lectures multiple choice questions true false questions as well as exercises go ahead start your free trial today now let's go from the accountant to the auditor auditors what do they do auditing during an audit assuming we're auditing accounting data auditor verify if they record the transaction by the accountant so the accountant already recorded the transaction now the auditor is determining whether it represent the true economic event now obviously they have to establish they have to use not establish they have to adhere to accounting standard so auditor assess the proper recording according to a certain standard in the US what's the standard GAAP generally accepted auditing principle they see okay that they indeed recorded this transaction properly according to those principles so that's basically checking the work of the accountant now beside accounting auditor must also gather they need to know how to gather and how to interpret audit evidence setting them apart from accountants accountants don't have to do that accountants record the transaction report the transaction to the users who's going to make a decision based on this transaction also designing audit procedures how to conduct an audit selecting items for testing which item to test because in audit you will see later you cannot test everything you have to make a decision about which areas to audit which transactions which data to audit and which not to audit which is called sampling and also evaluating the outcome of this process that's unique to auditing totally different from accounting what should you do now go to far hat lectures look at mcq's true false if you are an accounting student invest in yourself don't shortchange yourself accounting is an important if you are an accounting student invest in yourself accounting is a rewarding career auditing is also a rewarding career good luck study hard and of course stay safe


The technology exists, but how do we get it and implement it at the scale we need at a price that people around the world can afford?


top-secret Hey, I'm working on making new demos for the Mag tag our 2.9 inch ink display and one of the first projects. I like to build as a clock So on this really beautiful e-paper display you can have really gorgeous fonts in circuit Python Here it's showing the time in 24-hour mode and because it's battery powered It'll actually refresh the time in just a few seconds And then behind it is all the code. I'm wearing this all in circuit Python It's only about 42 lines of code. Just pretty sweet. You can pick any font you like Thank you for telling me it's now 2110 and Here's the code. We connect to the network to get the time over Wi-Fi This is the font I'm using and then once an hour. I re-synchronize the time online Otherwise, I just display the time in either 12 or 24-hour mode. That's it Mag tag Kelly do you know what is this? Hey, I'm writing more demos for the mag tag our 2.9 inch Ink display with the ESP 32 s2. It's Wi-Fi which means it can do cheer lights So when I tweet at cheer lights, my favorite color is blue What happens is now the Wi-Fi module here is going to connect to the thingspeak IOT channel Where the cheer lights data is like save and updated and then the IOT channel You see it red that I tweeted at it asking for blue and then let's see. Let's do at Cheer lights red and In a few seconds. This will get that new update. It checks only every five seconds I just don't want to update the screen too often in case like people are really blasting it. You flipped it to red Yay, so very cheery a great holiday project Hey, I've got this weed nunchuck here. This is kind of an old-school controller for wheeze that has accelerometer and Joystick and some buttons and you see here. I've got it plotting motion on The Arduino plotter, so I'm testing out some new hardware it's kind of based on old hardware, but it's a little STEM a QT adapter and The adapter actually just has a PCB that The we check plugs into it's a cute little hack It just slides into the connector and then this is a level shifted I squared C and that just goes into a metro mini But we also have circuit Python and Python code available So you can take out those old we nunchucks and use them to control say your robotics All right, and now it's up secret


One of the objectives from the lesson and a really useful skill is to be able to look at a map of isobars and estimate the wind direction at any given point. Using the concepts from the lesson, we can do that. So I'm going to walk you through kind of the recipe that I go through when I need to estimate wind direction at a given point. The first thing we have to do is we have to pretend that we're dealing with geostrophic winds. Now with the geostrophic wind, we know that the pressure gradient force is exactly balanced by the Coriolis force. But in practical terms, the important thing about geostrophic winds is that they blow parallel to local isobars. So at point A here, if we have winds blowing parallel to local isobars, they're either going to be from the southwest or from the northeast. There's only two choices. So we have to determine which way they'd be blowing from. And to do that, we have to remember our circulations around areas of high and low pressure. In the northern hemisphere, we have counterclockwise circulation around areas of low pressure. So that's going to give us a general sense of the wind flow that's like this. And that means that we have geostrophic winds that would be blowing from the southwest at point A.  So if we stood with our wind at our backs at point A and we were looking off toward the northeast, the only thing that makes sense is the southwestern wind because that gives us lower pressures on our left. So geostrophic winds would be from the southwest blowing parallel to local isobars at point A. But we have to account for friction. The wind actually isn't geostrophic. Friction throws off the balance between the pressure gradient force and the Coriolis force, and it slows the wind down, but it also changes its direction and causes it to cross local isobars in toward lower pressure at a 30-degree angle on average. So if we take that into account, that means that the winds are going to cross the local isobars in toward lower pressure about a 30-degree angle. And that's going to give us a wind that's almost from due south, something around 180 degrees, give or take a little bit. That's going to be our approximate wind direction at point A when we've accounted for friction as well. We can do a similar analysis at point B. If we first pretend that the winds are geostrophic at point B, they're parallel to local isobars, so they're either from the east northeast or from the west southwest. And to figure out which one, it is. We remember that air circulates clockwise around areas of high pressure in the northern hemisphere. So our general flow is going to be clockwise like this, and our wind flow is going to be from the east northeast parallel to these isobars. The geostrophic winds are going to be parallel to those isobars from the east northeast. But we have to account for friction too, and to do that, we have to cross isobars at about a 30-degree angle away from higher pressure. So our winds would look something more like this, and our winds would be from the northeast or even north northeast at probably something like 20 or 30 degrees when we've accounted for friction because we don't actually have geostrophic winds.