See remember in the last lecture we were confronted with this question given a basis B star for V star is there a basis B for V such that this B star is a dual for that basis B okay. The answer is yes and we will prove that today we need the notion of the double dual. So what is a double dual? The double dual is just V double star okay over R let us say real vector space then the double dual of V denoted by V double star is defined by V double star is V star star okay that is a double dual. It is the vector space of all functionals on V star it is a vector space of all linear functionals on V star that is a double dual. Now for we will now establish a correspondence between V and V double star as follows. So the objective first is to establish a correspondence. Let me take X in V I will define a functional I will define L X of F to be equals L of L X of F is F X for every F in V star I am defining a functional on V star so I am defining an element in V double star provided of course I show that L X is linear. So first let me show that L X is linear let me show that L X is linear then it would follow that this L X of see this L X acts on V star if I had shown L X is linear it follows that L X belongs to V double star okay. Let us prove that first that L X is linear to improve L X is linear I must show that L X of alpha F plus G equals alpha L F plus L G. So let us look at L X of alpha F plus G F and G come from V star F and G come from V star consider L F L X of alpha F plus G by definition this is alpha F plus G of X but this is addition of function as we know is point wise.  So L X is linear that is L X belongs to V double star remember that it the domain of L X is R see L X of F is F X F is a linear functional so F of X is a real number so L X is a function from V star to R L X is a function from V star to R so it is a functional we have shown it is a linear function okay. So for every X in V there is an L X now can it happen that this L X is 0 do we have plenty of these L X that will be answered by the next theorem but let us quickly observe that if X is not equal to 0 then L X cannot be 0. If X is not 0 we will show that L X cannot be the 0 functional okay X is not equal to 0 look at if L X is a 0 functional then what it means is that L X of F equals 0 for all F a function is 0 if it takes the value 0 for every X in the domain so if L X is a 0 functional then L X F is 0 for all F in V star but L X F is by definition F X F X equals 0 for all F in V star can we conclude from this that X is 0 how yes okay so there are at least two ways one is a little long winding the other one is to simply identify that since this is true for all F linear function one could take the identity function identity linear functional identity linear function identity of X is X so this means X equal to 0 contradiction to what we started with so L X cannot be 0. So X not equal to 0 implies L X is not equal to 0 that is if X is not 0 there is at least one functional F such that L X F is not 0 okay we want to show there are plenty of functions okay this correspondence between X in V and L X in V double star we will make it formal and prove the following theorem our concern is over finite dimensional vector spaces. Let V be a finite dimensional vector space define the function phi from V to V double star by means of this correspondence by Phi of X equals L X Phi of X equals L X see what we now know now is that this L X indeed belongs to V double star and the definition of L X for any fixed X is that L X of F for F in V star is equal to F of X. So this is a this takes the vector X in V to an element in V double star okay then what is the natural conclusion that one would like to draw Phi is an isomorphism let us state this and prove then Phi is an isomorphism then Phi is an isomorphism it is this result that will give a proof of the fact that for every basis for every basis B star in V star there is a basis B for V such that this B star is a dual basis of that basis B at least for finite dimensional spaces okay. So let us look at the proof of this theorem I must show that Phi is an isomorphism is the claim I must show that Phi is linear I must show Phi is linear Phi is 1 to 1 Phi is on 2 then it follows that Phi is an isomorphism Phi is linear that is the first thing let me consider Phi of Alpha X plus Y I must show that this is Alpha Phi of X plus Phi of Y so look at Phi of Alpha X plus Y this by definition is L of this L of Alpha X plus Y I want to know what L of Alpha X plus Y is so what I will do is look at the following L of Alpha X plus Y that is known if I know the action of this on F in V star L of Alpha X plus Y of F this by definition is F of Alpha X plus Y so remember F is in V star L is a functional on V star okay so this is a number F is in V star this is a functional on V star V double star this is a functional on V star this is an element in V double star okay F is linear Alpha F X plus F of Y this is Alpha F X I have L X F plus F G is L X F Y L Y F Alpha F X plus F Y because F is linear and then I go back to the definition of L subscript X L X F plus this so I can write this as Alpha L X plus L Y acting on F okay so now I know what L of Alpha X plus Y is L of Alpha X plus Y is precisely Alpha L X plus L Y so I will use that here that is if T of X equals S of X then T equals S, T of X equals F of X T equals X T equals S so these functions are the same so L of Alpha X plus Y is Alpha L X plus L Y I again go back Alpha L X is on the right Phi X plus L Y is Phi Y so I have shown that Phi is linear Phi of Alpha X plus Y is Alpha Phi of X plus Phi of Y so Phi is linear I want to show first that Phi is injective so I know it is linear so injectivity I will show null space consists of just single term 0 so I start with Phi of X equal to 0 I will show X is equal to 0 suppose Phi of X equal to 0 then L X equal to 0 but L X is a functional on B star this means if a function is identically 0 it means it is action on any element in the codominus 0 so L X of F is equal to 0 for all F in V star definition L X of F on the other hand is F X, F X equal to 0 for all F in V star as before we have considered that here F X equal to 0 for all F in V star in place X is 0 so X is equal to 0 so I started with Phi X equal to 0 I have shown that X is equal to 0 so it follows that Phi is injective it follows that Phi is injective to prove that Phi is surjective I will make use of the rank nullity dimension theorem if I have a linear transformation on a vector space V then I know that and it is finite dimension then I know that it is 1 1 if and only if it is on 2 okay Phi is a function from V to V double star what is the dimension of V double star the dimension of V star is a dimension of V if V is finite dimension dimension of V star is a dimension of V that is a dimension of the dual space is the same as a dimension of the original space the dimension of V double star should be the dimension of V star because I am taking the same dual V star is finite dimension I am using so dimension of V is equal to dimension of V double star dimension of V is equal to dimension of V double star so and I have shown that this is a Phi this is a linear injective map so it must be by rank nullity dimension theorem this must be surjective also Phi is surjective also so Phi is an isomorphism okay that is the proof so Phi is an isomorphism which is what we want to prove okay so let us now look at two consequences. The first corollary of this theorem let V be finite dimensional and L belong to V double star so let me say L be a linear functional on V star then there exists a unique F in V star such that I am sorry there exists a unique V is finite dimensional L is a linear functional V star then there exists a unique X in V such that L of F equals F of X for all F in V star this is an immediate consequence of the previous theorem linear functional on V star so L belongs to V double star okay linear functional on V star so it is an element of V double star okay proof L is a linear functional on V star so L belongs to V double star the previous theorem exhibits an isomorphism explicit isomorphism Phi from V to V double star by Phi of X equals L of X it means that for any L and V double star there exists an X such that Phi of X equals L of X we have established that this Phi is an isomorphism now look at what you have on the right this function is on to so for any L and V double star there is an X such that Phi Phi of X is equal to that L okay so by the previous theorem there exists there exists X element of V such that Phi of X equals L by the previous theorem Phi is on to that is what I am using here so anything in V double star has a preimage in V so that is my X but since Phi is an isomorphism this X must be unique and so X is unique because Phi is an isomorphism the other thing is Phi X the definition is L X so this L is equal to L X the form of the L is also known this is equal to L X for some unique vector X in V so this L X equals L L is equal to L X so L is equal to L X so if you look at the action of L on F it is the same as the action of L X on F but L X on F I know that is the evaluation functional that is F X. So what I have shown is L F is equal to F X that X is unique so it is a almost a one line proof right from the previous theorem okay so remember that we have made use of the factor Phi is on to here Phi is on to so for any L in V double star there is a preimage this preimage must be unique because Phi is an isomorphism Phi is injective and so there exists an X such that this happens but then what is the definition of Phi Phi of X is L X so this L is equal to L X write down what this definition L X means we have written it is an evaluation functional so the L that I started with in V double star must satisfy this equation okay this is one consequence the other consequence is what I the other consequence is what I mentioned right in the beginning this correspondence between a basis for V star and a basis for V in fact there exists a unique basis there exists a unique basis I can include that also given a basis V star of V star this theorem states that if V is finite dimensional then there is a basis V of V such that this V star is a dual of the basis B okay this is again a consequence of the previous theorem really the previous corollary. So proof is as follows I will start with the basis B star I can write down the elements explicitly B star is let us say F 1, F 2, etc F n let B star be a basis V star V star is finite dimensional I have a basis corresponding to this there is a dual basis let B double star equal to corresponding to any basis in a finite dimensional vector space there is a dual basis so let B double star equal oh please remember that this B double star should not be this is just a notation okay see we will later identify V double star with V so this is just please remember this is just a notation maybe I can okay I will just leave it as it is see this is I am writing down this is the notation for a basis in V double star basis for V double star. So B double star equals let me say L 1, L 2, etc L n I know that the number of elements in this must be the same as a number of elements in B star let this be the dual basis corresponding to B sorry corresponding to B star then I know how these are related then L i of F j this is delta i j F i of U j equals delta i j U i's are replaced by F i's U j's are replaced by F j's F's are replaced by L now look at each L i each L i is in V double star this is a basis of this is a basis of V double star okay this is a basis of V double star each is an element in V double star by the previous corollary each element has a pre-image okay for every i there exists unique U i that is what the previous theorems there exists unique U i such that unique U i in V let us get back to the previous result for every L in V double star there exists a unique X such that Phi of X equals L for every i there exists U i in V such that L X equals L tell me if this is alright I will use U i L U i equals L i instead of L in the previous corollary I have L i instead of L X I have L U i for every i I can do this take L 1 for instance take i equal to 1 for instance I am looking at L 1 L 1 is in V double star there is a unique pre-image I am calling that U 1 how are these two related L is equal to L X is the previous theorem L 1 equal to L U 1 I do this for all i L i equals L U i for all i this is okay collect these U i's it is natural to expect these U i's form a basis for V we will only prove independence then it follows that these vectors form a basis okay so I will collect U i's is the construction clear let us set B as U 1 U 2 etc U n then we show so the claim is that this B is a basis for V such that B star is dual to this these two things we have to prove this B is a basis and the fact that the B star that we started with is dual to this okay it is is it clear that it is enough to show that this is independent linearly independent it is linearly independent the number of elements is n the dimension of V is n so it must be a basis so we will show independence of this linear independence of this so you start with a linear combination equate that to 0 suppose alpha 1 U 1 plus alpha 2 U 2 etc is 0 we must show that each scalar is 0 if this is a 0 vector I apply for any I apply a linear functional f f of 0 0 apply f apply f f is in V star take any linear functional on V and then apply f to this so I get alpha 1 f of U 1 plus alpha 2 f of U 2 etc alpha n f of U n this is 0 but f of U 1 you go back to this f of U 1 is L 1 of f agreed f of U 1 is L 1 of f say I am using I am using this really use this L 1 of f is evaluation of f at U 1 right this equation tells us that L I of f is f at U I because L U I is a evaluation function L x is f x L x of f is f x so L I of f is L U I of f let me write down L also something that we have used already also L I of f is L U I of f because each L and V double star for each L and V double star there is a unique x L U I of on the other hand is f at U I L x of f by definition is f at x so f U I can be replaced in the above left hand side some by L I of f so alpha 1 L 1 f plus alpha 2 L 2 f etc alpha n L n f is equal to 0 remember you need to apply carefully the appropriate argument is this okay now this is true for I started with an arbitrary f so this is true for all f this is true for all f and V star do I have the required conclusion I have something like T x equal to 0 for all x so T must be the 0 map let me elaborate so what this means is that alpha 1 L 1 plus alpha 2 L 2 etc alpha n L n this acting on f this is 0 for all f in V star that is what this means alpha 1 L 1 f plus alpha 2 L 2 f etc this is equal to 0 for f and V star means this because what is the definition of this is alpha 1 L 1 f plus alpha 2 L 2 f etc okay so I have a function which for every point in the domain gives 0 so this function must be 0 but this is now an equation involving the basis vectors basis functionals since L 1 etc L n are linearly independent it follows that each scalar is 0 okay and so we wanted to establish the linear independence of these vectors u n etc u n I started with this combination I have shown that each scalar is 0 so B is a basis for V why is B star dual to this we must verify that f i of u j equals delta i j okay also f i of u j equals f i of u j go back to this equation go back to this equation f i of u j okay let me write once again what I am using also li equals lu i this is what I want to use that is these are elements in V double star these are identical elements in V double star so their action on f must be the same okay that is li of f is equal to lu i of f but lu i of f is f of u i for every f in V star okay now consider f i of u j consider f i of u j f i of u j is f i of u j instead of i I have j l u j of f i be careful with the indices here I want f i of u j forget f i for the moment call it just f I want f of u j f of u j is l u j of f l u j of f but instead of f I have f i so it is l u j f i is that okay see I want to show that B star is dual to this I must show that f i u j equals delta i j so I am computing f i u j f i u j the definition comes from this f of u j is l u j of f but I want f i of u j so that is l u j of f i but l u j of f i is equal to you can go back to that li f j equals delta I could have restricted my attention to li but does not matter li f j is delta i j so this is equal to delta i j l u j okay maybe one more step right l j f i l j f i delta i j equals delta j i delta i j equals delta j okay so this is delta i j this is actually delta j i but delta j i is delta i j identity matrix is a symmetric matrix is it okay then f i u j equals delta i j so the basis B star that we started with is in fact dual to the basis u 1 u 2 etc u n that we have constructed is it clear so for every basis for every dual basis rather for every basis of V star there exists a basis B of V such that the basis that we started with is the dual basis for B okay okay now there is one final section on the double annihilator I will prove maybe one or two results on the double annihilator and one consequence now before I discuss the double annihilator say I want to discuss something like S double not I want to know whether this is equal to S any subset of V first of all does it make sense first of all this is a subset of V S double annihilator is a subset of V double star whether this make sense we have to see for that you go back and look at this functional isomorphism phi from V to V double star defined by phi of X equals L X see this establish an isomorphism a 1 to 1 correspondence between V and V double star so what we do here after is given any element in V double star we will identify that with a unique element in V this identification will enable us to think of V double star as being the same as V this is identification we will identify V double star with V what is the basis for this identification that is this isomorphism any L in V double star we know can be mapped to a unique X in V so any L in V double star there is a unique X so we can think of V double star as being the same as V in the rest of the discussion that enables us to talk about S double annihilator being equal to S now for any subset this is not true we need to look at subspaces so for subspaces we will prove this equation okay that is the first result. So what I want to do is to prove this theorem that if you have S is a subset of a finite dimensional vector space V then the double annihilator of S is equal to span of S the double annihilator of S is equal to span of S the reason why the right hand side cannot be an arbitrary subset is that it must be a subspace see when you take the annihilator it is always a subspace so the double annihilator is a subspace we will show that this subspace is same as span of S the proof is as follows okay so remember that these two are subsets of different spaces but there is an identification that is possible by means of this isomorphism it is with this identification in the mind that we will prove that these two subspaces are the same okay. Let me set W as span of S then this is the same as this is what we will show we must show that double annihilator is W the proof will make use of the fact that dimension of W plus dimension annihilator of W is equal to dimension of V which we proved last time whenever W is a subspace dimension W plus dimension W not is equal to dimension of V the annihilator of W the dimension of the annihilator of W satisfies this I can do this for the double annihilator that happens in V star dimension of the annihilator of W plus dimension of the double annihilator of W that must be equal to dimension of V star this is happening in V star this happens in V star and so this is equal to dimension of V star all these equations make sense V is finite dimensional so V star is finite dimensional cancel the right hand sides right hand sides are the same so this minus this this minus this so I am cancel I am subtracting one from the other it follows dimension W is dimension double annihilator okay and yeah so these subspaces are the same dimension I want to show that W is equal to the double annihilator is it enough if I show that one subspace is contained in the other then it will follow that subspaces are the same okay so we will show that W is contained in the double annihilator it will then follow that W is equal to W double annihilator again this must be understood in the sense of the identification W is a subset of V W double annihilator a subset of V double star but we must use the identification coming from the isomorphism Phi okay let me write down W not W not by definition is a set of all functionals that take the value 0 for all vectors in W so it is a set of all F in V star such that let us say F of X is equal to 0 for all X in W this is W not the first annihilator what is a double annihilator the double annihilator is a set of all L in V double star set of all L in V double star such that see W annihilator is a subspace it is L in V star such that L of F is equal to 0 for all F in W not this is a double annihilator I have just used the same definition as the previous one notation is different previously W is in V so it is a vector here these are linear functionals okay now write this in their expanded form identify with this L is in V double star so there is an identification with a vector in V use that identification we will be able to show that W is contained in the double annihilator okay this is the set of all let us say L in V double star such that set of all L X in I know that each L in V double star is of the form L X each element is of the form L X Phi is an isomorphism so it is set of all L X in V double star such that 0 equals L X of F that is F X by definition this for all F all that I have done is to remember that any L in V double star is of the form L X but this L X I told you can be identified with X so I will use X itself set of all X in V double star I am identifying that with V so set of all X in V such that I will just use the last equation F of X equals 0 for all F in W this is the double annihilator set of all X in V such that F X equal to 0 for all F in W star so I have made use of the identification L X can be identified with X and the rest is just use this I have removed L X now F X equal to 0 for all F in W not okay there is only one last step what is that last step let X element of W then for all F in W not F of X equals 0 by definition that is X belongs to W perpendicular W perpendicular we now know is a set of all X that are sent to 0 by any linear functional that is in W not right is a set of all X that is sent to 0 by any linear functional in W not if X is in W then for any linear functional F in W not F X is 0 so if X is in W then X must be in W double annihilator so W is contained in double annihilator two subspaces having the same dimension with one contained in the other means they are the same okay this is another consequence when you do the double annihilator you could identify that with the subspace that you started with okay so let me stop here in the next lecture I will discuss the notion of the dual linear transformation of a linear transformation and then derive two natural results one result that we proved earlier that the row rank is equal to the column rank this was this was proved using linear equations homogeneous equations then row reduced echelon forms etc we will give a conceptual proof this time okay without calculations a conceptual proof of the fact that the row rank of a linear transformation is equal to row rank of a matrix is the column rank of the matrix and also how are the matrices of a linear transformation and it is transpose related if T is a linear transformation A is the matrix of the linear transformation relative to a basis then what is the matrix of the linear transformation T transpose relative to two particular bases we will observe that it is the transpose of the matrix of the linear transformation that we started okay so these notions we these results we will prove next time.


The Post-9-11 GI Bill allows you to transfer up to 36 months of unused education benefits to your spouse or children. However, there are several regulations that can affect eligibility. Benefits transferred to your child cannot be used until you have completed at least 10 years of service. Also, they cannot use the bill until they have received a diploma, GED, or turn 18, and cannot use the benefits after the age of 26. We recently spoke to Fleet Master Chief April Beldoe about other transferability limitations. After you've served actively for six years, you are now eligible to transfer your Post-9-11 GI educational benefits to your family members. However, once you transfer it, you will be obligated to serve an additional four years of service, active duty service, no matter how long you've already served. So for those sailors that are thinking about it, and they have 18 years in, an E-6, for example, and they decide at that point they want to transfer their Post-9-11 GI bill, they would not meet the criteria because they would not be able to serve an additional four years of active duty service if they're already at the 18-year mark. While you are still on active duty, your spouse cannot collect basic housing allowance. However, unlike other dependents, they can use the benefit for up to 15 years after you separate, and they're eligible to use the benefit as soon as it is transferred. After you transfer benefits, you can change the amount each dependent receives at any time. During the initial transfer, each dependent you want to receive benefits must be listed. Transfer of benefits must be approved while you are on active duty. Be sure to contact Veterans Affairs at 1-888-GI-BILL-1 or visit GI-BILL.VA.gov to learn about your benefit situation. From the Defense Media Activity, I'm Petty Officer Andrew Johnson.


I've seen a lot of volleyball servers in my life. Some of them, it's not always good. Let's talk about the different volleyball servers. Let's get right into it.


Hi everyone. I hope this is getting recorded right now. Thank you for taking the time to learn about OpenEBS and what's coming, what's come in the 3.0 release. I'm Kiran Mova. I'm one of the maintainers of the OpenEBS project and I'm currently working at Maya Data. Before we get into the details about OpenEBS, just a few coordinates on how to reach us and what's been the journey for OpenEBS like. OpenEBS was created by Maya Data and donated to CNCF in May 2019. It's a sandbox project at the moment and we are on Kubernetes Slack where you can reach out to us on either OpenEBS channel or OpenEBS dev channel. Since donating to this CNCF, we have had a take in the number of community members using the product of contributing to the project. We also have public references of how customers use this project. You can check that out in the links provided in this slide. This one shows the analytics that we have on how many clusters get deployed that run OpenEBS on them and we have seen a tremendous growth. It's a steady growth in terms of the number of clusters having OpenEBS. To quickly recap on what OpenEBS is and what's the problem it really solves for the users, this is a reference architecture for the storage stack for the cloud native workloads that was presented by CNCF tag for storage. OpenEBS sits into the, just above the storage systems, which is basically like hardware devices and it has basically two components called as control plane and data engines, which are responsible for providing volume services. So it could be like anything from aggregating the storage from the devices and presenting it as volumes or like performing like snapshot or like clone kind of capabilities. OpenEBS supports like local and distributed block storage and OpenEBS is tightly integrated into Kubernetes. It is in fact like an Kubernetes add-on. And the control plane of OpenEBS helps you integrate like the operational aspects into the framework or tools that the enterprises already have. If you look at like the technology radar like you know storage typically means like the data platforms are like the products that are used in the data platforms and they those actually need some kind of like an underlying block volumes or like persistent volume claims or persistent volumes if you are like in the Kubernetes world that have certain characteristics that are like around availability, consistency, durability and how easy it is to use them. So I did mention like you know we are like OpenEBS is tightly integrated into Kubernetes and it really works for stateful workloads that are moving towards Kubernetes. And it's a fair question to ask like you know is our stateful workloads really moving into Kubernetes or why they are moving into Kubernetes. This is like a talk that was presented at the last KubeCon and there's actually a follow up talk again that's coming up in the North America KubeCon. The Flipkart here is one of the largest customer or like the user of OpenEBS and the reasons for them to shift stateful workloads to Kubernetes is the same reasons why stateless workloads move as well. It's about like you know trying to have a common abstractions that can enable you to move the workloads across different clouds, even from on-prem to cloud etc. And then also ability to easily automate the process of deploying and maintaining them which comes inherently by using the declarative way of like doing things with Kubernetes. They claim to have an increased developer productivity where you don't have to like wait for like infrastructure to provide the storage rather like you know it's a kind of automated. And there are like enhancements that are planned as we like get into like the OpenEBS 3.1 and ahead you'll notice that we are enhancing the data engines that we have for improved availability and resilience. So the just to recap I think like there has been a shift in terms of like how customers are looking or like users are looking at deploying their stack and in part it's due to the nature of like new processes, new technologies, new hardware tools that are available. And also like the new policies like you know it could be like government policies around data that have come in which require you to redesign the systems as well. Right. So in fact like as part of this redesign like there are like very types of stateful workloads that are emerging, some that could be called a standalone which need a lot of like traditional storage services but also like a cloud native kind of workloads that have a lot of capabilities that typically are done by the underlying storage built into them. So what this means is like you know they really need like fast and local storage and resiliency replication high availability are taken care by those workloads itself. Right. And when we want to design storages for the new kind of applications that have come up, it's inevitable to kind of redesign the data engines but along with the data engines comes the control plane. The control plane has a lot of similarities with the aspects that Kubernetes already provides and Kubernetes has evolved into this universal control plane that doesn't just orchestrate containers anymore. It goes on to like orchestrate virtual machines or anything and in our case we have made Kubernetes orchestrate the volumes. So this is like a typical storage stack with open EBS, which some things which is kind of like analogous to what you have seen with reference architecture that like a control plane and a data engine components and the control plan and the data engine components are all like deployed as containers, there is no dependency on like the platform so you can kind of like declare it really make them run on any kind of platform. So the data engines itself like again like can be divided into two, like I said before around like local and replicated. So the local volumes are for those workloads that just need fast storage and there is no component of open EBS that comes in the data part it just uses like the standard libraries available in the line exit could be like creating a sub directory and using it or it could be like using that odd device to creating volumes on LVM or ZFS and then using them as local volumes. So there is no resiliency that can be put in place by using LVM and ZFS, but the workloads are like directly getting the storage from the local storage. In case of like workloads that need some durable volumes where like you know you need to sustain the failure of a node and like be highly available. So open EBS supports this concept called as replicated volumes, actually, you know, if you kind of the really kind of CMS distributed volumes but I'll get into in a bit on why we call them as replicated. So these distributed block volumes, the applications right to something we call as target or like you know in a master speak it's called as an access that in turn writes the data to the local replica or local storage as well as synchronously replicates to other nodes. So the way this replication is done is different than a typical like distributed system where like you know blocks are typically sharded across multiple nodes in a distributed system but in case of open EBS, the entire volume data is available on a single node and it also gets replicated to the other nodes. So that's why we call them as replicated volumes and there are advantages to doing this which, you know, this like lower metadata overhead that is involved in writing to a particular volume. It's just about like maintaining the replicas and where the replicas are located. It also helps in recovery of like the replicas when a node goes out of the cluster and comes back in. So the rebuilding will only be from the nodes where the complete data is there. So it doesn't really impact all the nodes in the cluster to rebuild the water. Right. So, just in terms of like, you know, to try home that concept local volumes are for pods with the data written to only one node and if that node goes out of the cluster then that part cannot be rescheduled to another nodes. And you basically are stuck with it. So typically like stateful sets that can handle resiliency or like a good case sometimes machine learning jobs are also like a good use cases for using the local volumes especially like you know there is like enough data that's been written into the local volume and you it's better to wait for the node to get restarted and start the job there rather than like kickstarting the job on some of the nodes. Right. So the option is for running a pod with a volume that's local to the storage in case of like distributed the PV in sense the data to a container, which we call as a container that has storage volume or like a target for that's an open EBS container that in turn replicates the data to multiple nodes. So if one of the node fails that can be that pod can run on some of the other nodes here. So this just shows that. So these are like, you know, just getting into like a differences between like these were local volumes and recorded volumes that have just covered. So one thing to call out apart from the benefits that we talked about a limitation is because of the replicated nature of the volumes is volumes can support a capacity that can all be accommodated into a single node. As we don't shut it. Right. And we have so far seen very less use cases in the cloud native space that really need volumes that go beyond like what can be afforded afforded by beyond what's available on a local note. And of course like reiterate the many is supported by NFS natively by open EBS and we think like you know the trend is actually moving towards object storage for any kind of like redirect many use cases going forward. This one actually just tries to capture like you know what's the typical user journey or like you know what are the personas of open EBS the open EBS is targeted like a different types of people like you know it's for the developers who just want to quickly start with running their stateful workloads in a mini cube or like you know in a single cluster that they have with like local storage or like even a three node cluster and it's pretty easy to get started and the, you know, one of the things that we focused on really providing is just 15 minutes experience where you can just install open EBS like any other community application and get started. So we notice that a lot of people come in at this stage and they become like an advocates or contributors to the open EBS project, helping to improve. And then once those users get really comfortable with running then that's when like you know they kind of pull in their sres or database administrators to see if open EBS can be integrated into their internal platforms and this is when like we see a phased approach of deployment for open EBS where it starts with running some kind of a non critical workloads by the database administrators of the sres could be like a CI CD or like a highly resilient workloads. And then once they're comfortable with that they get into a phase two where they provide like databases on top of like open storage, right. We also notice like another category of users that have come in, which are like actually other cloud service providers that tend to provide block services using open EBS technology for their cloud customers. So this is a typical workflow that you know when a fully functional open EBS the platform sres bring up a Kubernetes cluster and they can install open EBS just like any other application not like then cluster component. And then using the standard Kubernetes API, they can configure like you know which of the storage on the nodes of the types of the stories on the nodes should be used for provisioning the pools of the volumes and create the corresponding storage classes from that storage classes like the application systems to create PVCs and then those PVCs interact with the control plane components of the open EBS which are like CSI operators or like data engine operators to provision the volume and make it available for the application. And all of these open EBS components both the volumes and the control plane components expose metrics in an alternative way and that can be integrated into the overall manageability or the observability stack that customers have, right. So one thing that we did touch upon is the difference between the local volumes and the replicated volumes and this is where we are now getting into what's changed. So in fact like with the last two releases like the major releases what we have supported in terms of local volumes is a host path. So in the case of the device and the ZFS local PVS and in case of replicated volumes, it was primarily Giva, CSTOR and Giva is actually like a fork of long horn so it's a stable engine and CSTOR is based out of CFS which is also a stable engine and then we started working on something called as My Store which is which was targeted like providing a high performance distributed volumes for which makes use of SBDK and totally geared towards NVMe devices. So one other aspect in which like replicated volumes get used is like you know maybe using them in a desegregated way where like you know some nodes in the cluster could be treated as a storage nodes or like you know could be designated to run straight full workloads and because you can connect via either NVMe or like I see the application parts could be running anywhere on a fleet of like application nodes and then they can write to the volumes that are on the storage node. With 3.0 there are several engines that we have introduced. I'll get into like some of these things in the slides that are further down. So the OpenEBS has evolved into this collection of like storage engines that are suited for different types of applications. So it's there are like two aspects that determines like what storage engine to use. One is like the needs of the application from the underlying storage and the second one is about like the type of storage that's available to the Kubernetes cluster. So for example if you don't have any disks then it makes sense to use localpv hostpata which run on top of like hostpats as well. If you have like HDDs then cstore could be like a good one or like ZFS volumes could be like a really good option. And if it is NVMe devices that's where like we are talking about using master. In addition to like these data engines we also have made some enhancements to the control plane out like the operational or operators that can make it easy to install and use OpenEBS. Some examples will follow. One thing to call out though here is so we started supporting G1 and cstore you know when CSI wasn't even there using the Kubernetes external storage and Kubernetes external storage is getting slowly phased out. And in line with that like even the external storage provision is for G1 CSI are getting deprecated in OpenEBS. There are an corresponding CSI and G1 CSI and cstore CSI drivers that are available and there are like upgrade operations or like the operators that are available for you to help migrate towards them. So this one lays out the comparison of like you know the different capabilities that each of the data engines have. Again like I think at a high level you need to decide whether it's local or replicated that you need. And then within the local depending on the type of the storage you can pick up like the different flavors that are available. Similar with respect to like the replicated G1 cstore or my store. So while there are differences in how we support all of them support like of course like dynamic provisioning and some of them are really good for performance. And some shine in terms of like the capabilities like CFS based ones are like really rich in the capabilities that they provide and we are trying to like build all those kind of functionality into my store as well. So in terms of like the operations or ease of use almost all the engines support them or like are in the process of supporting them the star here indicates like you know those are the plant additions that are going to come up in the future releases. So we already spoke a little bit about this I'm going to skip this one. This gives you a overview of like how open this local previous are like typically used. So what we do is on the Kubernetes nodes, we install open US along with open US components. There's a component called notice manager that gets installed that has the capability to discover what stories are available. Now, depending on the type of the local PV either we can like mount that particular storage into a path and use this as a host path or like you know we can tag some of the devices and say that these should be given as ease either as like Roblox devices or like a partition on that device to the workloads. And a popular option is also like creating a pool and in this case pool is like I did the episode and VM and creating a storage class that specifies which of these types of storage should be used. And depending on the type of the storage class selected the volumes are provisioned accordingly. So a few things have we have enhanced almost like all of these engines in 3.0 and key things that need to highlight with respect to the host path local PV, especially if the host path is coming from an XFS based mount, there is an option now to enforce the quota. So prior to this, there would be a sub directory or a volume created and the users can write up to the capacity of the mount point that's available. But now the capacity will be limited by the PVC request size that's available. With respect to ZFS as it's rich in its storage capabilities we also supported like a well or plugin that can actually help with providing incremental backups and restores. We also enhanced as these ZFS local PV and LVM local PV or CSI we have the capacity based scheduling feature that's available in the CSI integrated as well. With respect to LVM like you know we are also experimenting with a way of how to set the QoS on the containers that uses LVM volumes and this is done in a generic way that can be extended to the other volumes as well. So this one just shows a quick example on how to use the new XFS quota feature that we have. So typically we create a storage class for the host path and if the mount point is one of the prerequisites for using this feature is that the XFS project quota should be set on the mount point. And then like in the storage class, we have to set the XFS quota flag as true and that will automatically the provisioners will make sure like the quota is set on the PV volumes. So in terms of replicated PV I think like the key difference compared to like the other cases when the PV writes into something called as a target. In case of C store the target is like another pod that you can actually like use QCTL to check it out. And then the data that's coming to the target is like synchronously replicated to the C store pools that are running on the storage nodes. So the major changes have been in terms of like supporting the CSI driver for both Jiva and C store. And as we did that we also enhanced a lot of capabilities in terms of like data operations. You know, for example, like one of the things like you know whenever there are network failures are not shut downs there are possibilities that the volumes will be mounted as read only especially if you're using a quick stick profile system. So there is a feature that we have enabled which can auto remount and there are also cases where like if you're running on Prem, the applications that are running on the node that went down get stuck and start throwing multi attach error. Those things have been handled with the CSI driver with the C store, which is basically like you know, which has like a little bit more of higher functionality. So you have to create something called as a pools and these pools are now capable of like declaratively kind of replacing a disk or like you know, moving the pool to a new node if the node moves at the node course and the disks are attached to the new node. All these things were supported manually but right now we are changing the YAML for the sister pool, those are automated by the C store operators. With respect to Jiva also I think like one of the change is that it uses the instead of using the host path volumes entry it uses actually the local volumes, which helps to avoid cases where like nodes get rebooted and the storage is not it mounted which causes like the additional new host path to be created and then the data starts getting written to that one that can be avoided by using like the host path volumes like the local volumes which will make sure like the replica starts only after the storage is mounted. It's again like important to call out that the older external provision as are getting deprecated and we want like users to move as soon as possible. As we get to Kubernetes 1.25 some of the objects used by the older provision as will not be supported anymore. So it's important to kind of move to the CSI drivers. So I think like a test upon C store, I mean, C store and Jiva and with respect to my store, we are still in beta and we are still actively developing and working through the feedback that we are getting from the community on how to make my store better. So the key difference between like C store and my store. In terms of like the way the volumes are structured is that there's no target pod. In fact, like the target is embedded into the core my store engine itself, and that will help in like replicating to the other nodes, or like other things that the master pool is running. So these are like some things that we are like currently working on and hoping to complete the beta very soon for this project.  So we have like a couple of NFS provisioners in the Kubernetes that we actually closely work with. But there's a new NFS provision that we support in open EBS, which is slightly different from the ones that are available. I'll just speak to that in a minute and we also have a QCPL plugin now for open EBS, and, and Prometheus stack that can be set up out of the box and that allows you like the default dashboards that you can probably take and like you know customize for your environment. So this is about the NFS provisioner. So what we have here is like you know we have made it easy to launch an NFS server or any block volume. Especially you know if you are, if you need to create like an NFS server that's per volume. This is like a really good option. So the configuration can be controlled to through a storage class where you specify actually we support only kernel as part of this beta release that we have released for this provisioner. And you can specify what's the storage class to use for saving the data and that data could be like you know any kind of a PVC. So the NFS provisioner when the request for RWX volume in this case comes in will launch a new NFS server and that NFS server will include a packet PVC PV. That's created and you can, and it also creates a PV object that is pointing to this NFS server that can be mounted from multiple parts running on multiple nodes. All right. So these are like some examples. I mean, some some really cool things that are there in the CLI example like there are multiple engines. So the OpenEBS command has been enhanced to show what engines are really installed in the cluster and we are kind of increasing them to include other engine support as well. So if you have used CSTOR, I think like one of the painful processes is to create the CSTOR pool config. We are hoping that that we get improved with this CLI as a first stage like you know, for example, like the we need to identify the nodes and the devices which needs to be used and this is the first command that we have which is we use block devices or a BD that shows what are all the devices that are available and in the cluster, you know, it's a tree of like node to the devices that are there. And it shows like, you know, whether it's already mounted or not mounted. And for CSTOR, we need to take those devices that are like mounted or like, you know, without any file system. So this helps in getting that very easily instead of like using a CSTOR command with a lot of creps and all that. So there are like multiple commands that this CLI provides. I highly recommend to check it out. Like, you know, this is an example of how we displace the status of the health of CSTOR volumes. It's pretty cool to kind of get the consolidated output of the various objects that are involved in the CSTOR really helps in troubleshooting and like knowing the status. Talking about status like, you know, this is another way. So we can set up like a monitoring dashboard is delivered as a health chart and it's also available as a permittance mix in. And it has like some set of default charts that have been loaded as well. This one shows like an example. This one shows more overview chart that shows like you know what the consumptions of the various pools, the status of them and the volumes that are provisioned on top of that. All right. So, that's what we have in 3.0. And these are some of the things that we are working as I said earlier like master beta is something that we are actually working towards in the 3.0 timeline. There are a few features that have come in from the community, you know, we are engaging like the CNC of mentees as well to work on some of these features. And yes, so the XFS quota and like the part that we have about the transports, even the CLI, and there is also a feature on the governor policies, all of these have been made possible, working with like the mentees that students from the CNC of mentee mentorship program. It's a huge call out and thanks to the people that participated part, Rahul, and Almas and really great to work with like the new set of mentees right now on some of the projects that I'm listing here. So just to pick on like one of the features that we are adding, and we really look forward to contributions and feedback on these features. So what we have learned from the community is that the storage can be connected to the nodes via some kind of SAS interconnects, which makes it possible for the devices to be visible on multiple nodes. So in this case, even though it's a local storage that storage is visible on like all the nodes that are in that cohort if you will not like a storage pack or a set or a domain. So now when we use like a shared device we can create a volume on one of those devices, specifically in this case we are looking at like shared volume groups that have that capability. And if that node feels so the application part can move to any one of the nodes that's there in the storage pack or the storage cohort if you will, and that can connect to the same block device that sees for that's connected to the other nodes, just extending that, and also like you know trying to come to a solution between like my store and the local volumes is this solution where we want to put an target, which is what we already have in the my store on top of these local devices, we could actually run those targets on multiple nodes so makes it possible to create a volume that could be running on a remote node, which is not connected to the storage pack. And then when the node goes down the client side initiators can make sure like you know they connect to the active part. And when it comes back up, there is no need for rebuilding kind of technology because it's all on the same device. And the path becomes available. So these are just like you know few of the different volume types that we are trying to support, we started with local PV and we had like replicated volumes at the extreme and snow we are like trying to create like two more types of volumes, depending on the new topology that we have discovered which is about like the shared devices that can work. So this is, I hope you learned something and we are really look forward to you trying it out and shouting at us with your feedback. We are available on the open EBS Slack and there are like Contributor meetings that you can join, you can also participate in the mentorship programs that we conduct and we really look forward to talking to you. Thank you everyone for taking time today and learning about open EBS.


ion of South Sweden in 2011 and right now the Sudanese economy is collapsing the country's inflation rate is well over 100% and succeeded only by that the Sudanese pound is in freefall and useless as a currency for imports as a result there are massive shortages of key commodities including wheat for bread a food staple for many Sudanese refined petroleum products including diesel for transportation and water pumping and essential medical products and calls for watching the world burst and on this piece for the end of project years decades of corruption have brought the country to the brink of disintegration the news just today is of demonstrations throughout the country widespread calls for institutions on December 25th are making the rounds on the Sudanese social media political cronies who have supported the regime are increasingly cashing out and moving higher currency abroad as are senior members of the regime itself primarily to Gulf Arab states there is no strategy for recovery only for continuing product expanding on military and security services that keep the regime out for the second time economy all this may be ending soon though in September 2013 the regime was able to put down demonstrations and protest the rising prices only by issuing cheap to kill orders this was established by the International and the African Center for Justice and Peace Studies on the basis of moral visits in cartoon where a disproportionate number of people have been shot in ways clearly indicated delivered legal force when will this collapse come I may ask often enough and I say clearly when anger at what life has brought people becomes greater than the fear of facing a live ammunition in the hands of police and security forces operating with cheap to kill orders or it's going to take a lot of brave persons to face down the daunting security forces of this regime all of all signs really aren't in this momentous approach but in thinking about the highest question I'd really like to look at the whole issue of corruption around the question I'd really like to ask is how is the international community responded to the Darfur crisis and what evidence is there that in the face of what is conspicuous in genocide has been a massive corruption of moral will as well as self-serving experiencing and even an effort to diminish Darfur's reality for a perceived national interest what's great in this way the Darfur genocide has a much broader cast of characters than the Genesee data in cartoon to give you a brief sense of how broad this cast is and it's moving much more efficiently now in my commentary by corruption I say that I mean I take here my face this year this is a book I published in 2012 it is far too big to do anything about a new book online that's to say 500,000 words and 200 photos but I took as my epigraph a phrase from John Weston noted Victorian you may either win your peace or buy it win it by resistance to evil buy it with evil so what I mean by corruption in the international community is with people that's where there has been indicted by the international criminal court on multiple counts of genocide and crimes against humanity and yet since being charged in 2009 all this year has prowled the world constantly really and he scores a trips to some 30 countries many of them signatories to the wrong treaty I myself twice been deposed by the ICC and I can tell you that morale is poor there's despair about the court's liability and international support is with her a compromise on evil the U.S. is even a signatory to the wrong treaty for his part I'll be sure to have a claim that he will run oppressive in 2020 there's never been a free election in Sudan since became a power leading the nationalist on the front as it was called until 1999 when expediency dictated that they changed the name to national competition so who are these compromises for all this year Russia, China Egypt, South Africa Kenya, Saudi Arabia Ethiopia, India Iran, Kuwait the list goes on and on there are many other compromises I have to follow the people because it seems to me that my task is really that of archives over 20 years I've put together a little essay, well or two million words of analysis I've published hundreds and hundreds of articles in Washington Post New York Times Austin Journal, two books I took out my journals but there's a sense of futility hanging over all of it and today I'm they have the name names there's no point in having an archive if history doesn't allow us to assign a sponsor to all of it I was headed in one of the peacekeeping in April of 1994 and the Romani genocide had to be done he was also apprised by Romeo de L'Air in January of 1994 in the infamous genocide facts exactly what was happening those people who read the courageous account of the genocide facts it makes for for it to be I met Romeo de L'Air he's a man of unpeachable character completely and he was exiled by post-traumatic stress syndrome his memory shake hands with the devil it's one of the most disturbing leads by Romeo de L'Air and I'm very fond of the disturbing things Coviana in 2004 April was Secretary General and spoke honestly about that and the need for a possible international debate on Secretary General's political affairs and made sure that kind of talk went away but there was a lot of talk about genocide in dark war at the time the U.S. Congress unanimously, by general bipartisan vote declared a genocide was occurring in dark war so President George W. Bush then Secretary of State Colin Powell on the basis of a commission to bring along the dark war Janet Warner said that the U.N. security comes genocide is a current although he has to ask nothing about us for him to simply change U.S. policy but there were many others the parliament in the European Union voted something like 550 to 6 to declare what was occurring was tantamount to genocide not actually saying genocide if you say tantamount to genocide you get to use the word the opinion accountable you compromise besides the parliament in the European Union by W. Shem in Israel, U.S. Holocaust Memorials Museum, numerous human rights groups numerous genocide scholars anti-genocide organizations all declared as genocide in fact the very first declaration was by yours truly in the Washington Post in February 2004 I'm going to indulge and read what I wrote at the time because nobody else had said it and because it was in my view even now looking back what was clearly needed if the genocide was to be halted February 2005 2004 Washington Post the international community has been slow to react to dark wars catastrophically and has yet to move with sufficient urgency and commitment a credible peace forum must be rapidly created immediate plans for humanitarian intervention should begin the alternative is to allow tens of thousands of civilians to die in the weeks and months ahead in what will be continued genocide and destruction it never occurred to me that I should be speaking of years or hundreds of thousands of deaths by humanitarian intervention and the introduction of a proper military force under U.S. hospices if possible and the existence that humanitarian supplies reach those in need none of this was done in part because Kofi Annan appointed this man to do a commission of import to handle a commission of import I mentioned this before Cassasi told his investigators before they went to Gulf War that they were not finding justice we had prejudiced the issue this comes directly from one of the people who was an investigator on the ground and had been for the colon palace as well those who had forensic skills meaning they could get where the lives were and tell us how people died and how many didn't put a spade in the soil not once they did interviews almost they were not very clear this comes from Deborah Bakke a sergeant in the territorial provincial police team shot Google, Deborah Bakke and you'll find an extraordinary narrative Cassasi because he did not find genocide did exactly what Kofi Annan Kofi Annan did not want a genocide finding that would have displayed Cassasi's impotence of the UN security is rushed in China one of the other would have vetoed any resolution based on the 1948 convention which does supposedly live prevention there are of course questions about what specifically in the convention is obligatory that Kofi Annan did not want that to date to have that to now huge part of the tragic history of the past 16 years is the continual acquiescing before cartoons demands, constraints and general obviously the history of what must pass under the rubric of peacekeeping and civilian protection has actually had almost nothing to do with these critical tasks but it would take you another lecture to explain how and so there was a small African Union force in 2005 to find the in 2006 summer, the UN Department of Peacekeeping operations put together a proposal for a real deal UN peacekeeping force the only way to pass the UN Security Council is with China's vote and China demanded as parliament's vote that it be by the invitation of the military the UN peacekeeping force introduced only a cartoon invited to dinner it was to say a cartoon did not invite to dinner and was encouraged not to by Mr. Dutton who within days of the passage of UN Security Council Resolution 1706 acquiesced and said well we know press the issue and then promptly got himself PIG and by publishing something he knew he would take the government and get him to a man but you do first had the UN half-community mission in Darfur and alive and an expedient matter when he finished his two-year stint he was fired he declared I've achieved results in Darfur there's no more fighting proper on the ground right now there's no high-intensity conflict in Darfur call it what you will this is what's happening in Darfur a lot of damage to the car jam on the taxidermy houses this is 2010 some of the worst of the genocide destruction was yet to come successor Ibrahim Mubarak seen here chatting in a friendly way with Omar al-Mashir at the wedding of daughter Moussa Halal to interest them the brutal and chagged regime said I'm ready to know that there are 31 months into my tenure all the goals set and objectives have largely been met and I've achieved the Doha document for peace in Darfur July 2011 a total failure a powerful act by the Qataris that absolutely no change on the ground in Darfur come back to that again here is the UN resident of the humanitarian coordinator just this past April taking hands and accepting the first class order of two months from President al-Mashir the UN is under strict orders to have no contact with people indicted by the ICC here she is smiling and accepting a meaningless reward for Moussa Halal Barack Obama campaigned in the press in 2008 declaring Darfur is a stain on our soul and that his presence he didn't intend to abandon people who turned blind by the slaughter well he appointed their special envoy probably the most difficult diplomatic cast in the world at the time made by General Scott Bush he knew nothing about Sudan he had no diplomatic experience he had no air vent he was stubborn and did in a very short period of time extraordinary damage to the possible peaceful peace he organized one of the signatory parties to the Doha document for peace in Darfur scorned by every single diplomatic knows anything about what it would take to bring peace to Darfur in March of 2013 2009 March 2009 shortly into the Obama administration within days the time of operation appointed the ICC indicted this time for crimes against humanity will be the next year for local camps of genocide well the shutting down of humanitarian operations by the cartoon machine in response they expelled 13 world's finest humanitarian organizations created a huge huge shortcoming in aid or a million people displaced John Kerry because we shouldn't have any idea what to do simply lie he went on television and declared that we have an agreement cartoon has promised that aid will be fully restored by April March 2009 at the time I was talking to a senior official at the U.N. office with the coordination of humanitarian affairs he simply laughed he said that's utterly impossible we can't possibly replace such humanitarian capacity even if we have a year and in fact we've never reached the point of humanitarian capacity when Kerry said it would be fully restored in a month the most expedient of all brings to mind in an interview we gave to a shark out of sight prominent Eric who's out in December 2011 he said we the Obama administration do not want to see the output of the cartoon machine nor regime change we want to see the regime the constitutional democratic measures there is not a single person in the world who knows anything about Sudan who believes this was remotely conceivable possible and yet there is a special outline saying we don't want to see regime change we want to see this regime preside over the democratic transformation of Sudan the ultimate compromise with evil for example he was surprised by the journalist talked to him before he published this article in 2012 which he claimed that he had peace was too dark for but peace has settled on the region since it actually got over he said Jeffrey you can't possibly be serious this is deeply wrong you were taken to a patented village don't you realize that there is a huge swing so here we have in 2012 just as violence is about to explode again it's ongoing but about to explode in a big way we have the New York Times sending peace has settled on the region Samantha Power whose book from hell is one of the most influential books I've ever read was the U.N. Ambassador the Obama administration's speaker declared in her last minute we have a sea change of improvement in humanitarian access in Sudan this was a lie not to call on the best contact in the office of the Special Envoy for Sudan there is no Special Envoy just an office for the Special Envoy I said where did you get that from I said I had no idea no idea so based on the Obama administration decided to lift economic sanctions on Sudan it's about to remove it from the list of state sponsors of terrorists what's going on here there's one issue between the United States and Sudan between Washington and Khartoum Khartoum wants economic sanctions to be removed from the state sponsor of terrorists the U.S. wants the intel counterterrorism intel they believe the Khartoum regime can dispel but can't provide that's why I would say we don't want to see regime change that's why in 2010 one of the first things that was done under the operation of Special Envoy was the deep coupling of genocide in Darfur and the broader issue between Washington and Khartoum now when Khartoum appears in the official State Department of Transport in November 2010 there is a senior state of artificial unnamed with the coupling of Darfur from the broader issue between Khartoum and Washington which led the African Union diplomatic efforts for the past nine years I will correct view by Khartoum as lacking has a trust of nobody in the sort of war military opposition this is up there but Putin and Russia have sold vast amounts of weapons to Sudan great advanced military helicopters jet aircraft and crew lines and vast amount of other armies so has Belarus Ukraine Iran China other forms of corruption of evil this is the CEO of the banking grant which was a convicted criminal money laundering by the U.S. Justice Department and although they were funding $9 billion the real amount of money laundering I know because I have seen the forensic economy plans to many tens of billions of dollars the U.S. Justice Department said that he can be very well functioned in fact as an offshore simple bank for Sudan and they knew what they were doing they knew exactly what they were doing German investigative reporters found that the title must be there under no circumstances should the public learn what was said at the toss that took place on March 23rd 2016 these were talks in which the Europeans to secure cartoons, cooperation in preventing the migration of Africans to the European continent they would provide them with surveillance equipment with personnel registration equipment and the Germans would even go so far as to build closed camps to say what would you think this would be called closed camps or camps you can't believe when you put in there and would be put in there on the base of your ethnicity or religion you've been concentrated on some Christian and the Germans were going to build and it seems to me it's just that and yet there are four everyday struggles and some of the struggles are easily seen just from just what's on the way to go the army base near the Coral simply started by Michelle said there's going to be villages for the children this happens all the time the only people to report not Unimed which has a base 15 miles away they didn't investigate they didn't attempt to prevent they simply watch argument a more academic character and a chapter for this book by my colleagues just appeared there's some very good sense in there it's the best out there addressing that enables genocide to continue and to prevent genocide from beginning


It's something that is hidden in a shoe day to day. No one's ever typically out there complaining of how bad their feet are because people assume that that's okay but in reality it's not okay to have painful feet. I treat everything from newborns with club feet all the way to geriatrics and everything in between. I love the teenagers that come in with painful flat feet or the athletes that have bone bruises and ankle sprains and I'm able to kind of get people running, walking and doing the things that they enjoy the most. In a rather quick way. The coolest thing about the foot and ankle is that you have a balance that has to be obtained and maintained. I think that this balance is almost always achieved by a foot that functions appropriately and I think that if you can have a way to sometimes realign things and really make a difference in people's lives to get them functioning all that much better and also it's very gratifying when you have a situation where someone's had a problem for a very long time and you happen to be the lucky one to catch it and be able to fix it that to me is probably the most gratifying part about treating foot and ankle pathology. I think for me personally the best thing is that I'm always able to learn and become a lifelong learner while being at work. Oftentimes I like to see my post-ops I think that really is very exciting for me. It's almost like unwrapping a present at Christmas you know just seeing how things are doing and how people are doing and how they're feeling and just I typically ride the emotions of my patients which is sort of for better or for worse but when they're happy I am really happy.


All of the goals in the plan are measurable and time sensitive. So we are committed to looking at how we are accountable to those goals. Some of the goals are short term, some of the goals are longer term. It depends on what the goals are themselves, so we can continue to look at them. You know, it's not difficult to set up one or two or three goals. We want to look at the person. You have to look at the person, you have to look at them as a whole. So there are so many facets of a person's life and they're impacted by services like transportation, housing, services, employment, et cetera, and the list goes on. And we realize that we can't just focus on one area. For example, if a person wants to be successful on the job, we need to make sure that they can get to their job. They need that transportation. Then do they have supports and services to maintain that job, to be successful on the job? So they're all tied together, all these different parts.


By my second year trading, I learned what shorting was. Shorting is how you make money when stocks go down. And for me, this magical talent that I had of buying stocks and them cratering, my thought process was if I just shorted these stocks and they would crater, I would make a lot of money. So I still remember my first short trade. I shorted 2,000 shares of a stock, VGGL, it's not even trading anymore, and I made $1,050 a share in like a couple minutes and that changed my life forever. After that, what I started to do was I started to short every single stock that was up. And that is a surefire way to lose money. So by my third year trading, I started to have a routine. I started to have a process and I started to narrow down certain stocks that I was looking for that fit my criteria, that fit my strategy. And by the end of year three and year four is when I became a profitable trader.