Hello and welcome once again to the rugged rockhound today. I am out in Utah So I'm right off the highway Sorry can't hold the camera. So I'm right here off the highway this is the highway between Let those cars pass. This is the highway between Moab and Monticello. So Moab is back that way Monticello is that way and I'm here close to what's known as the Wilson arch. This is an area that's been known where you can go pick up some Agates. I'm gonna start here in the wash below me Big truck So yeah, I'm gonna start in the wash below me. This is just kind of a starting point It'd be nice to eventually find out exactly where all the agates coming from. It's probably a layer that's Either above that sound stone or right below it. I don't know My first time out in this area actually to rockhound and I was just looking on the ground and I saw this So that's an agate. It's not a very good one. It's got a pinkish color to it But it is an agate. So hopefully we'll find more of that around here. So It's really easy access because you can just park right off the side of the road. That's why I decided to try here first Then I got a couple areas that if I get any time today, maybe I'll go hit those as well Anyway, here's the GPS to where I'm currently parked right off the road Great. So yeah, I'm just gonna hike down to the wash and just see what I can find So I just came down from my car. You got this small wash kind of working its way off the road And immediately after there's some agate. That's not good quality, but it is agate. I'm seeing little pieces here and there Okay, it's got a little bit more red pink to it All right, I saw a little bit better one right here Okay All right, so there's definitely a fair amount of the stuff But so far Not very great quality a little further down and yep, you can see a lot of it It's kind of poking out here and there There's a bigger one there There's one there And there It is low quality though Well, well, well, what do we have here? It looks like some rocks people have pulled out So it looks like we might be right in the thick of things where the agates actually coming out Very interesting. Hmm. Yeah, I can see a seam through there Looks like somebody pulled this big one up Yeah, that's a bunch of agate on it Once again, it is low quality Down in the wash and you can see where people piled up their finds Put their agate here on the side these are the ones they didn't want to keep And then there's a whole bunch through here So I'm going to go look through it and if I see any good ones, I'll bring it back in So I just pulled out of there this one Get a little bit more transparency there A little bit of a bluish color in a little bit of it Hmm That one looks kind of nice. I might take that one. Maybe get it cut open Hmm Not sure but definitely looks better than what I've seen so far So yeah, there is a ton of it. The agate really is everywhere But a lot of it is really low quality like this This one looks a little better It's got a little bit of red on the edge there Okay, hmm This one's all brecciated Here's this piece here Again, just not a lot of color, but definitely got some transparency in it This one looks maybe a little better It's got a little bit more color in it. Very fractured though Okay I wonder if there's any good nodules that would be fun to cut open. Whoa Look at that color and that one's a lot better Kind of a red orange Okay, so there's some potential out here Here's this one that cut open Okay, a little bit more going on in that Some colors and patterns Nice Now this one has some blue color in it and black Yeah, I think I should take and cut that one too Okay, getting some more variety now Here's this one that cut open Oh, yeah, I like that dark in the middle Wonder if that might be a little bit of calcite in there Might just be quartz still but a darker color Just found this one. Yeah, somebody lost their happy birthday balloon This one looks like it might have more color. Let's spray this one off. Here it is Okay, a lot of them kind of have this pink fleshy color Very calm in it seems out here Just pulled this one out and spread it off Definitely has more of a red color. Okay, it's getting better It's getting better So there is just a ton of it really close to the road all through the wash and even on the hillsides So if you come out here, it's really accessible. That's really nice Now I'm guessing though that most of the really good stuff if there is really good stuff here Is going to be harder to find close to the road because of this is a known place and lots of people have been out here So I'm going to go ahead and start heading further away to see if I can find some higher quality stuff that Maybe gives us a better idea of what you can really find out here It is everywhere It is so thick through here just So much you could go in any direction from the road and you'll find some good stuff This has a little bit more of an orange right there. That's kind of nice Still very fractured though Just found this one Well, it doesn't look that great color wise. It might have some interesting patterns there if I cut it right So maybe we'll take that and try and cut in a way that it might look nice Just found that Looks interesting This one looks interesting Oh, yeah A little bit more color in that one Cool that one might be fun cutting We'll give it a try Here's this one cut open It's a little better on the inside. It's pretty much what you can see from the outside Kind of cool Here's this one cut open Fractured on this side About what I thought Pretty much looks like the front It is nice though. This is a nicer piece Just found this larger one. It's got some better red in it Yeah, I didn't go much further than where I was and I'm already finding a lot better stuff Yeah, so there probably is some good quality stuff out here Just need to walk far enough Just found some more blue. Nice. That's a big one too Good to have the blue out here too. Yeah, this is this is getting a lot better All right, I've pried a few of them out to take a closer look. So first that big one that's Nice and blue And it's a chunk. It's a chunk. Yeah, I got This one was interesting that one Cool And now you can kind of see some of the formation. There's the rock that it's forming in Cool It's making these nodule shapes And this one looked interesting there Oh That looks cool there. Let me spray that part of it off Yeah, it's kind of got a grayish dark grayish color to it And you can kind of see into it a little bit Okay, I'm seeing a bunch of interesting ones all close to each other This one Oh, okay, cool. This one. Look, that's a lot darker That's pretty solid. Let me get that out A little bit of red on that side Very dark through that one cool And then this one look at that And over here And there This stuff really is everywhere here This one is a nice red stripe with white going through it. Cool I see something just barely poking up that might be nice. Let's uh pop that out and see if it is Hmm. Yeah, it's just okay Just saw this. That's got some nice red Yeah, it's a little better red than I've been seeing Okay Look at that. It's got a nice little edge to it. Here's a really orange one Kind of, I like to look at that one. Again, it's one of those darker ones. It's kind of a blueish gray Let's get that out There it comes Oh, yeah, look on the ends. Look at that one. That one I think it's worth cutting into Cool So I've walked down a ways and I've just seen so much I kind of stopped filming because you just kind of see Mostly the same stuff over and over This one however a little bit better a little bit more color to it Than most of the ones here So good to see that but it is really really everywhere So it is actually a great place to bring kids and families because You can't miss it. It's everywhere. That one's kind of orange nice Okay, now this one's a little bit On a different level you can see the yellows and reds and some purple in there This is more like what you see over on the sand raffle swell area With the better quality agates. So there are some better ones out here Good to be seeing that Here's this one cut open. I had high hopes for this one that fractured and There were a lot of fractures going through this one pretty much looks like it does in the outside Hmm, it's just okay That's a big piece. Look at that and that's a boulder There's a lot and sometimes they get big I see something better color down here though Hmm, yeah, a little better color a little darker here Yeah, that's better looking That's darker. It's more like a red jasper there Hmm, that might be worth taking home and at least cutting just to see Here's another decent piece. Let's cut some of that red in there Getting more toward the quality of the stuff you find further north Up by you know yellow cat and the sand raffle swell And here we got power lines and where the highway used to be a long time ago The old highway Now look at that That might be some private property over there cool Yeah, let's just check this old road out Yeah That's muddy down there You guys probably can't see it. It's probably too dark, but it's muddy down in there Might get difficult trying to go down further Yeah turns into Almost a slot canyon Yeah, that might be challenging going down Just following the old highway. It's nice to stop and appreciate the beauty every now and then of the The country here with fun red rock canyons I wonder how many people even actually come out this way and see this there's the highway right there Not far All right, let's go check these hills So I wandered over there didn't really find anything decided to come over on this side Also, not really finding anything. So Unfortunately, it's kind of what I thought maybe The agate's coming from further up mostly With maybe some places where it comes out Anyway, so that's where I parked Walked through that wash and found all that stuff in that very short stretch Haven't checked up that way yet But i'm kind of intrigued by this smaller wash coming off from over there All right found a spot. It's coming out See all that right over the top right there It's all coming out right through here. So you got this layer of sandstone And probably mixed with mudstones and it's coming out through here That's kind of got a cool pattern on it Cool, we'll uh search this area. It's like an agate graveyard It feels like that Just right off of that smaller wash the main highway is just right up there I'm parked over on the other side of that hill I think this might be a really good spot right here. This is where it's coming out Probably hasn't been hit as hard. It's over there Yeah Let's take a closer look at this stuff. Now this dark one's intriguing On the side I see some red Huh, huh. I don't know That might be worth trying to cut. I can't tell though Huh, look at that. Now that is really cool I like that one too. Just that part of it that that surface. Here's this one washed off It is interesting. A lot of these out here the the colors aren't that great Quite often they don't have banding. This does seem to have a little bit in it But they're still pretty interesting pieces Just found this little one. It's got some nice intense red right there Yep, you can find these little gems among the everything else Like this it's darker. It's got the kind of black on the outside Wonder if I cut it. Can we get some interesting patterns? Here's this one cut open Definitely looks like it's going to be kind of clear on the inside You know translucent Yeah pretty much Maybe expose a little bit of possibly pluming going on Up there Otherwise, it's just basically colorless Kalsitny So I got one of these darker ones and broke it And I think these darker ones do give the better patterns and colors So maybe from the outside focus on the darker colored ones Maybe those are better. This one has some cool inclusions in it. Look at that Hmm, maybe you need to cut deeper into that one too So here's another one of those darker ones and I flipped it over and look at that Right there It's kind of clear you can see into it a fair distance Cool. Yeah, I'm thinking these darker ones tend to be higher quality than the other ones. They're more the light Here's this one washed off Don't know Further in it's probably just going to look like a lot of the stuff we've already seen and gone over but Who knows eventually I'll have to get it cut. I just I don't have anything big enough to cut these Maybe Eric will get some of these cut for me for this video I'm not going to have these big ones cut. I'll have to do that in another video a later video I'm sorry. I keep doing that to you guys cut them in later videos But we'll get there So we have this neat spot where it's coming out And then it kind of seems to disappear I don't see anything. So I wonder if it comes in pods like it just There's a zone where it comes up where it found a way up And it's not just throughout the entire layer. So it has to It just comes and goes maybe so I'm going to hike over that way a ways and just see if I see anything And then probably head back that way getting back toward the car So there's this zone where it's all coming out And when I look over that way, I don't really see any so I guess it's not just a layer of it It probably came up in little spots. So maybe you just have to kind of find a spot where it's coming out Hmm very interesting. So I'm going to head over that way And hike a ways and just see if I see another zone like this And then if not, I'll probably hike back that way toward the car And we'll kind of figure this out area out a little bit more Okay, so I was just over there came up and over and we see some more But desperately not nearly the quantities I saw over there So it does kind of come and go But it does kind of seem to be falling us layers. So it might just keep going off in that direction For those who might want to come out and explore a little more Cool So we got this interesting one right here This used to be a kind of a common thing out here this Being kind of some of the better looking stuff Kind of having this color pattern and look to it Here's this one cut open Okay, about what I thought very clear on the inside A little bit of plumage going on just a tiny bit Here's this one cut open Once again what I thought a little better on the inside There's quite a few out here that kind of have this look to them These colors and patterns Here's this one cut open Okay, not a lot going on in there It's interesting though Here's this one cut open yet fractured right there Oh Hey, look at that red dot in there. That's cool. It's got a lot of inclusions in this one. This is cool I like this one Much much better than a lot of stuff. I saw it there. So more like that And I'm on my way back to the car Which is right there So This is an interesting area Um personally the quality that I get isn't such that I would make a trip out of this I would just recommend going to yellow cat or to that area south of Green River or over to the San Rafael swell those aggots tend to be better But if you're on your way Somewhere else Let's say you're traveling down to new mexico or whatever if you're on your way this I do highly recommend stopping at It is worth taking A quick break because it's so easy. It's so accessible and there's so much stuff Most of its low quality But there are some hidden gems and who knows what else is out there because that was it is a layer that you kind of follow and places it gets thicker and thinner and Who knows you follow it for ways Maybe the quality of the aggot will change. Maybe you can find some Gem out there. That's better than what I found today Anyway, until next time remember there is treasure everywhere


Good evening and welcome to episode 362 of the Private Property Podcast. I'm your host, Uzaman Dunwoa Kumalo. It's a Thursday edition of the Private Property Podcast and for the first time, welcome to the family you're tuned into the leading property podcast in South Africa catering to your property needs. And all our regular viewers on Facebook and Instagram or of course if you listen to us on any of the other streaming platforms where there's Spotify or of course Apple Podcasts or if you get your major podcast, welcome to it. You are tuned into the Private Property Podcast myself Uzaman Dunwoa Kumalo where we're always tackling a hard property topic and making sure that we equip ourselves with as much knowledge to make better property decisions. And talking about equipping ourselves with the right knowledge, as you know, we're running a great competition on our Facebook page where we want to find out from you what have been some of the great nuggets and lessons that you have learned while watching the show and all you have to do to enter that competition where you send a chance of walking away with 500 Drans in cash is to share with us some of the lessons that you have learned and make sure that you tune in every single weekday at 7pm and of course stand a chance of walking away with the cash prize. And if you call your name, all you have to do to claim the money is to drop us a message down here below before the end of the show and you will walk away with the cash. And if the lucky winner doesn't claim their prize, we put the money right back in the money bag and it rolls on over to the following day. It's that simple if you want to send a chance of walking away with cash every single weekday right here on the private property podcast. That is all you have to do. And of course, you know that there are other great shows that you can tune into right here across private properties social media pages. As it is a Thursday, you can catch them by Lino. I've got on the farming podcast and she's on your screens every Thursdays and Tuesdays. And on Wednesdays, it's class and brings you the first time home buyers show where she's always in conversation with people who've gone not just from buying that first property but have grown their property portfolios from strength to strength. And of course, Mondays and Fridays, Chad brings you the home shoppers show with an incredible tour of exquisite properties that you can find on www.privateproperty.co.za. But those are the great shows you can tune into every single weekday at 8pm. Make sure that you follow us across our social media platforms on YouTube, on Facebook, on Instagram, on Twitter, on TikTok and LinkedIn. And you can follow myself as I'm doing my underscore K on Instagram as well as on Twitter. But this evening, we're looking at something that I know we don't talk about very often. I was saying this to my guest and it is one of those you know, topics that I know that so many of us want to be able to get good inside point because it just seems and feels so far removed from us often time, especially when we look at, especially when you're very concerned or consume a lot of stuff around residential property. And this evening, we're going to be looking at the retail and service sector markets. And I'm going to be in conversation with Luanda Krossa Lemajie. That's Krossa Lemajie who we're actually saying written her surname in such a way that I can better read it. So I do apologize for that Luanda. Luanda Krossa Lemajie was a commercial property specialist and she brings with her over 20 years of experience from investment banking and asset management from a diverse list of industries. And she has a national and a global network of clients which she brings to the property industry. And her key role is well supported through having a passion for property and being and being defined as a central property specialist. I wonder good evening and thank you so much for joining us on the show. Thank you. Thank you very much. Honoured to actually be part of this show. So one of the things Luanda shared with me off the edge that she hardly does interview and I think it's actually a disservice because somebody with her experience is somebody we need to be hearing more of. We often complain about not seeing a lot of black women in particular speaking out when it comes to real estate. So I'm already just going to do more interviews because we do need more of those voices in the mainstream media. And I'm sure that we're definitely going to be having her back on the show again. And Luanda to get to our conversation this evening. The good starting point is if you could give us sort of a general overview of the retail and service property market at the moment. Okay. So with retail real estate it's actually a market where investors look for properties that they can let out for rental, for these things to other businesses, manage them with a view of also buying them at the end. I mean we look at shopping centers are part of retail, supermarkets, pharmacies and petrol stations. That's like an overview of who plays in that space when we talk about retail. So yes there's more but I'm just telling just a few. And I think it's actually great that we're getting a good sense of what entails the market or the scope of the market because I know that some of you know some people at home probably don't have a good sense of we'll say how broad it is or what it essentially captures. Now can you just give us perhaps some of the key sort of concepts or misconceptions rather that we tend to find when it comes to the sector. All right. So as a country I mean South Africa we all know that we've been through a lot and as the pandemic wasn't enough we had to go through the looting as well in the middle of the year and as short as it was it seemed so long because it actually made such a huge impact because all the investors they started pulling out some of their investments in the country they started you know selling some of their properties and you know you know people who are passionate about their investments once they move away obviously you will find the facade that you find when you go to the city of Chaubert where you see dilapidated buildings but one thing that we don't realize is the lot of work that as a country we are putting into that area so that these misconceptions that you know people cannot invest in in South Africa they can be cleared and we give them more more more backup and more you know time to actually or maybe look at how best we can help them to bring their investments back into the country. Lorna I'm keen to hear your thoughts on South Africa's sort of commercial property and investment right now I mean especially just given how many years you've been in the industry and been able to track some of the trends can you just share with us some of your thoughts about commercial property investment in the country at the moment? Yes so investments as you know at this point in time it's a biased market so we see a lot of assets changing hands we see BE formed companies that are getting funds from like your state-owned entities and from your grants that are focusing in in in in commercial space and that on its own it's actually helping our BE consortiums to gain momentum in terms of investing in those assets however with all the focus that has happened in the past we've we we've sort of felt like especially as a BE consortium we've moved we had moved away from investing in commercial space because of the money issues we don't have proper companies backing up with funding in terms of that and also with the fear of the banks as well you know looking at the type of loan to value that the bank would offer in terms of the commercial properties because you know it takes so much it's not just one thing that they look at they look at what the rental income would be before they they loan you what is your loan to value to buy that property and what sort of a credit are they going to give you and sometimes they will tell you we have a senior debt that will give you but you still have to go to a private equity funder who can give you a shortfall so all those dynamics have been the ones driving you know the change of assets from a certain group to to the new upcoming property investors that are that are coming up in the country if you have just joined us this evening i'm in conversation with luanda who's a commercial property specialist as we look at retail and service sector markets and seeing all the love that we're getting on our facebook page we've got christine dichaba who's written us on facebook saying first time i'm here so she's one of our first she's the first time rather for for her to watch and tune into the show so welcome to the family of christine we know that you're going to enjoy your time with us and definitely be watching future episodes and i see a variety of parochia michelle volmarans as well as a woman see what you are who are sending those green hearts on our facebook page as we are in conversation talking retail and service sector markets and of course you know that we're also going to be announcing the lucky winner of that 500 grand in cash this evening and do hope that evil's name comes out is in fact watching this evening now luanda i think when we look at especially the you know the commercial property developments one of the things that we've realized is a lot of we'll see a lot of work sort of going digital and even you know some some companies moving from the bricks to mortar and trying to be sort of online and as much as possible i'm keen to hear your your your stance on you know the the shift firstly to sort of online and what that means to bricks and mortar you know commercial entities because we we know that oftentimes people do try citing that retailers are no longer going to need a physical store because we can increasingly just do online shopping as we're seeing with some retailers abroad but of course we're in a completely different context completely different market perhaps can you just share your insights on that all right fortunately for us as the people of South Africa we enjoy going out so there's no way that we're going to cut out the retail sector but what i am seeing the trends that's going on right now is the merging of the physical to the digital and it's working so beautifully because you as the shopper you get to decide how you want to shop and having those options because you know as South Africans we always you know spend so much money on transport going to the shopping mall you know going to the city to try and find you know a couple of things these days i see i mean a lot of scooters you know we're running around delivering at people's houses and you know it's it has opened a a different way of us like of shoppers to shop in their favorite stores i mean that for me is it's a win-win so we're not going to get rid of retail anytime soon because physical it will remain physical but it's how those stores will match their install with digital of course i will i want to see a quick break and we'll come back from the break room to continue our conversation i'm going to find out who this evening's lucky winner is i was going to walk away with that philander drained cash prize let's take a look who we're going to give away that philander drained cash prize to and that lucky winner this evening is steelo cj ronaldo steelo cj ronaldo i do hope that they're watching us uh do drop us a message down here below to claim that 500 rand in cash of course if he is not watching if they're not watching uh then it's going to roll on over to a thousand rand for tomorrow's show i am this evening in conversation with luanda hotel manager who's a commercial property specialist as we're looking at retail and service sector markets of course taking your comments and questions at home is to explore something that i know we don't uh ordinarily tackle but really need to get a good understanding of and i see a number of you at home watching anelda evitin also asking there if michelle volmarine is watching she is indeed watching anelda of course as she always does it reach single evening as serif in washington also dropping us a message down there benjamin moise as well as a point on the end and of course so many of your home polina of course tell me some of the gang at cindy stench i see they're on facebook page do keep their love coming i would absolutely love hearing from you i think when we then look at um you know luanda the criteria for investing in commercial property i mean we talk a lot on the show as i was saying we're on around you know residential property and and the viewers at home have a firm grasp of the criteria when we want to get financing for residential projects and different kinds of residential projects or uh properties what what is the criteria when we then sort of shift here and look at commercial property all right so the criteria always starts with your credit record and who is behind the the consortium and the experience that those people have within that sector and what i also typically see is that sometimes you have people who have such a great cause to set up a property business but they forget that you cannot run each and every aspect of it by itself so you have to have different experiences that helps you build that portfolio because the investors want to know who is managing that portfolio and that is the one thing that will give the investor comfort to actually invest in your in your portfolio and i think that that big thing around your credit score becomes so important because it is something that gets hopped on a lot as we talk about residential property and i think some people may have the perception that when we we do commercial uh that's not something that's going to be important but of course it is something that remains important regardless of the type of the asset class that you go into and and one of the things that i've observed no wonder is that we're we've seen particularly now during covid a number of office blocks sort of going for sale um or sometimes you know a particular space in an office block for instance uh whether let's say it's a hundred square meter in a particular office block it's now going for sale we know that there are businesses who sometimes buy the office space that they're going to be using as opposed to for instance renting it out what would your sort of insight or advice or overlook be that you'd like to share to business owners who are trying to make that decision of should they buy their office space versus sort of renting out or renting rather an office space to to use all right this point in time office space has been hit very hard and i mean with the change of physical um attending to your business you have an option to work from home and we see a lot of people have actually evolved with covid and you know their production has gotten so much higher and many of the companies are starting to think towards you know letting people work from home because it cuts a whole lot of costs for them and and also people are much more relaxed and they they they producing a lot more in that relaxed environment however for an investor we are i mean there was an article that i was reading which um was leading to giving South Africa at least three years before we can get back to the office space and you know we will be guided by the vaccine nation if we all decide and we all believe that i mean the country is doing very well in terms of the the vaccine that's the guidance that you know the office space will open up whether you know people are more comfortable to work in an environment where i mean if you've seen um offices before when they were like using very small desks and hot spots and the type of stuff so now we are very um scared to work next to you know sitting next to this person because we have to keep our social distancing but i'm quite hopeful that the office space will you know will get back will will gain its momentum in time but for now i see a lot of offices they are actually converting their their offices into residential homes some of them are converting them to low cost housing some are looking at doing conversions to student accommodation which have proved to you know to to to to make a lot more sense rather than just letting a building sit empty you have to have you have to think of innovative ways of making sure that it yields back the returns that you've put into it and and when we look at the you know that last bit that you've mentioned around the conversions because we are seeing this quite a lot uh you know in different particularly the different metros uh across the board what would be just your key do's and don'ts in the event where you're looking at the conversion so you've got an office clock and perhaps you're looking at whether you've been doing student accommodation or making it risky um any do's and don'ts that you'd like to highlight for us uh yeah i would like to say investors you know should not be hasty to do some of these conversions because they cost quite a lot of money as well so people have to think carefully of how best we can innovate their buildings rather than just you know running with a a certain rush i think this also opens up conversation with different areas of the market that would actually give guidance whether a certain conversion will make sense to your type of business because you know not all the buildings can be converted to student student housing not all of them can convert to residential so there's a lot that one would have to take into consideration before you're doing those those conversions and i think that's actually just quite a big one because one of the things that i certainly also noted is that you know some investors did a huge rush with your student accommodation sometimes without adequately understanding uh even the scope or how to properly convert your student accommodation and the minimum standards from universities and spent a lot of money you know converting a commune for instance or a normal house into a commune but unfortunately you find that sometimes those houses uh or those new buildings weren't compliant so i do agree with the sentiment that they need to do you know better work in in understanding where the market is before sort of rushing to the conversion and really just getting a sense of and we do apologize for that i see that the network was pulling a fast one on us uh as i was saying when we talk about maximizing real estate uh when we looked at and i'm keen to hear your thoughts when you look at the general trend of subletting a portion of a commercial property you know is that a growing trend is it not because some people have you know sometimes taken on more than they can chew and looking to potentially you know sublet various parts of their particular property so i've seen a lot of that in the industrial space where you have warehousing and you still have an office block i mean you look at a business like take a lot where they will need certain offices for certain you know work related portions that they that they're doing so subletting is very important because now most of those industrial properties i see them having like a mixture of um um of retailers within their premises and that also helps in a sense of the type of rental income that keeps rolling into your your your your your financials because it it focuses you and then it gives you an idea of which business is actually going to survive this this pandemic and you also as a as a landlord you get to understand your rentals a lot more better you know how to focus your business to yield the income that you require and i'm i'm keen to hear from you what you'd say are probably some really great and lucrative investment strategies for people who are looking to go particularly into commercial property that they should be aware of and potentially even make use of all right so one of the key things that i really enjoyed that i loved so much and it has been discontinued and i think for me this would be an outcry to um to to the government is your section 12 j i think section 12 j was actually very short lived and when people started opening their eyes to what section 12 j was all about um it was already taken away from from us though although you know when you have um some type of an incentive from the government that says to you um you can actually buy properties and this is how best we can help you especially with your returns with your bet with you know the contributions that you're putting in me it actually gives you a momentum i mean i mean one of the you know um key things i see is the the stock fails and i think you know with the stock fails if they were to coordinate you know so um you know their investments and look at how best they can um i mean they can buy properties they don't you know to start a commercial property portfolio you don't have to start by buying an acre of a property you can start with a small cafe around the corner um and then just when the cafe is doing well i mean especially you look at the um the townships you have those jobs that we used to buy fed cakes from and those jobs are not working anymore they used to be super markets but they left unattended because we are now running to to to the shopping malls i see great value in those because you can start with opening up a small cafe again that will actually speak to your people i mean the community around you you know exactly what it is that they need i mean if you live around the area you have a good sense of what would be something that is viable um within the community and maybe in the long run you can think about putting on like looking at the zoning of that um those shops look at how best you can position that those shops to actually build some low-cost housing on top of them and it's how you build that portfolio from zero to you know the best asset class that you could ever have and the more you invest in the property the better yield you get or the better return you get from when you like when you decide to sell the when you decide to sell the asset but taking more of your comments and questions on our social media pages we've got to all set sefiri washain saying i've seen conversions in and around joeburg ventilation compromise you smell sunlight bad so all the walkway wonder how they pass the structural and don't don't uh and i think you know sefiri we love but i get exactly what you're saying uh and i think maybe wonder if you can comment on some of the the corners that get cut because i've also gone into some buildings where you know they've done recent conversions and and the ventilation is one thing that i also always pick up uh the walls are always way too thin because oftentimes uh you know they use dry walling and so you're also hearing somebody who sort of five apartments down uh the hole from you as opposed to um the neighbor which i'm sure can be quite annoying some of the if you can just comment for that because i've i've seen it i'm glad somebody said it who isn't watching the show uh because it is unfortunately a thing that we we see with some of the converted buildings yeah trust me i've seen that as well and it's the most you know horrific thing because you worry about safety um and we forget that first impressions last if you have this little amount of money to put away to live in a low cost or a conversion or whatever all you want is to have that a sense of peace that says wow i've actually moved out from home this is my sacred space but a lot of new commerce they like cutting corners like you say they don't take ventilation into um into play they don't look at how best they can actually bring the sunlight in because some of them i've seen it's so dark you can barely even see you have to keep the artificial lights on um so i think when we create conversions one of the things i would love to say is that we need to think of ourselves if would it make sense for me to live in this place would i love to live in this place because once you start thinking about yourself before you you open it up to other people you because you are your best critic as well and you know exactly the kind of spaces that you will thrive in and we forget to take consideration that you know we have students students always want to be happy and exam time they should also still feel like there is that happiness in the a even though they are you know locked away in a room or something yeah no cutting corners it's a total no no uh and people need to follow process and also you know just to add that following process can only enhance the price of your property when you say no one wants to buy a building that is yet to fall i mean you you walk into these buildings and you're thinking okay this one is about to fall and yeah yeah no i heard those instances i think sometimes when i view some of the buildings there's a part of me that wishes i i had my heart my heart had on uh just in case there's anything that happens and i'm sure how unbearable it probably is then for people who live there and i think that the big thing there is for the land laws the property investors the property earners to have a fundamental grasp that low cost doesn't mean low quality and we need to be clear that we we can't be uh you're reducing costs at the expense of people's dignity where they live because you say you know your home is such a big thing it's such a loaded thing uh it isn't just a place where you know you're just sleeping and waking up so we cannot at any point when we're housing people you know exactly in safe we can't at any point when we're housing people uh you know compromise on their dignity and before i let you go luanda you know any predictions for the sector for the coming year well the predictions would be i mean um you know the great you know the great trends that i am seeing i mean i went to a conference in san city um the past two days and you know just looking at um south africa's economy i mean we're still a very young economy and there is no way that we have um used up all the space in you know in our country i believe there's still huge opportunities that we need to take advantage of so we must not just rush into the same space because the friends are talking about these investments but i just feel like as a country there's so much more to be done there is um the surfaces that are yet to be scratched and the more we read the more we understand the type of investment that you want to be involved in don't start anything until you know because there's great opportunities coming up digital is one of the key things that uh young people who are techno savvy can take advantage of um innovation i mean innovation is not only just um robots that are created but innovation is how you believe you can make a shoppers um shopping experience with their while um there's you know there's a whole lot of things that are coming up and i think we are actually going to to do better and as a country there's so many other opportunities that we can tap into you know you quoted that conference that you are attending a sensitive across two days if i remember correctly it's the the essay council of shopping centers that was hosting it it was it was just interesting to i mean i wasn't attending it but i've been following up on the you know developments in the in the conference and i think the big thing for us is of course making sure that regardless of where in the property sector we are we provide value to the customers and provide really good value good value for money make sure that we don't cut corners in which other aspect we're in within the sector because ultimately the customers are there right the customers are there and we need to do a really great job at servicing those customers as best as we can luanda we are going to leave it there this evening thank you so much for joining us on the show it's been a pleasure to have you with us you're welcome thank you thank you so much and that is luanda who is a commercial property specialist wrapping up this Thursday edition of the private property podcast with myself as i'm and don't walk malo unfortunately our winner ustilo cj rinaldo did not claim their price this evening and so we are going to be having a rollover uh the team has just sent me a quick question from oomins i'm going to squeeze it in actually i really like this vision i'm going to squeeze it in menzi and and that is amazing what is he's asking why is there no focus on replacing elevators during building conversions especially when they get busy at night and you hear and and you hear and you hear when they visit night and you can hear everything and you can't sleep at easel cost connections that's just a comment based on what we're seeing about the noise but the question there is why is there no focus on replacing elevators during the conversion if you can i know one of the reasons why but luanda if you can take the the left one because we do see this one a lot i mean a lot of the buildings that have elevators it's very old elevators and they still aren't doing a great job when it comes to looking after them all right so you guys know that elevators are a huge expense in the building and they come with the design and how are you going to get to the third floor because i mean i know myself um as as an athletic person that i am i hate working up those days and i'm not going to be wearing my heels working up those days so that's why i don't know to replace the elevators but it's actually also a very huge cost that has to be taken into consideration because putting in a new elevator it's in the millions yeah and that's literally why i think oftentimes elevators very high cost i mean to the point where you when you look at buying intersectional titles for instance that have elevators so you're looking at buildings versus those in the same area that don't have elevators you tend to find that the levy with the elevator no buildings is higher than the non elevators generally you know all all other facts sort of remaining or factors remaining the same and that's because of the the servicing of the elevator and you know specialists having to come in and give a compliance certificate regularly and i was a trustee in a building where we had an elevator and the number of times we have to constantly service it make sure that everything is up to date it's quite a high cost so replacing it is is not a conversation we we quickly have you kind of want to run it until the very very very very end and if it's still fixable we'd rather bring a technician in as opposed to buying a brand new one well we've overstayed our welcome uh luanda wanted to add there for a moment uh yeah i was actually gonna say you know as south africans who if you find an old um lift in your building please be happy that you have it at least i mean i've traveled overseas i've gone into buildings where you have to go to the fifth floor the elevator is not working um and yeah that is not a nice thing especially when you know that you have to go up those stairs every day and come down those stairs in case you know every day so yeah i think we have the best ones they very old the old buildings you still have those old elevators that work so that means some of these um uh brands that were putting elevators in the old buildings they did a very good job well that's exactly we're going to leave it this evening as i was saying earlier we have overstayed our welcome luanda thanks again for joining us on the show and that's it for myself was i'm going to walk tomorrow and the rest of the private property podcast team this evening will be back on your screens tomorrow at 7 p.m as it's a Thursday you can catch them by you on the farming podcast until then hope you stay home and stay safe bye


What's up everyone? My name is Alex. I'm one of the co-founders of MyInvestingClub.com and I want to let you guys know about something special we're doing for our viewers on YouTube. So the most common question we get asked is, you know, how do I start day trading? So what me and my mentor about it is we create a free two-hour mentorship course for the brand new trader. It's going to be available at MyInvestingClub.co. The link is going to be right here. This is a free webinar that reveals our 12 secrets that every single brand new day trader should know before they start. I also want to let you guys know about something that's very unique to MIC. So if you have any questions about trading or you're curious about trading or you don't know if MIC is the right fit for you, now you can text our head mentor, Tosh, whose number is going to be right here and he'll answer all the questions that you have in less than 24 hours. Thank you and enjoy the video. What's up everyone? It's Tom Diesel here. I hope you guys had a great trading week this week. And also I hope you're enjoying the weekend as well with your loved ones or your family. So yeah, the market lately has been really hot, especially on the small caps as well, big caps. I don't know. I haven't paid much attention to that. But small caps, you've noticed that we've seen so many volume coming into the market, right? The Robinhood, new traders stepping before that was the coronavirus thing. And so there are so many opportunities each day and I mean, yes, if you can take advantage of that, it could be very blessing to start trading in this kind of time. But if you don't know what you're doing, you could really lose a chunk of money as well. That's why in the currency, we always preach about the process and it's not about how much you made, but it's how you make it is going to define your future, right? So it's always comes down to the process. And the process is what's going to get you to where you want it to be. And by sticking to process that basically the profits will follow after that, right? So yeah, and today the topic is going to be, I mean, I just did a weekend mentoring with members today and I've seen a lot of the questions repeating over and over again. So I thought it could be a good idea just to go over it on the video. And today's topic is going to be how to kind of backtest properly or how can you do to kind of improve your trading daily, right? Or it's like how I did it, you know? And, you know, everyone is different.  But I'm just a normal, I'm not like that smart guy. So I just trying to kind of find a way how to back test my strategy and to find, you know, what I'm good at, right? Where I'm good at. And so where I could size up or where I could, you know, eliminate like the mistakes that I made in the past. And that's, you know, that's basically what it's all about. It's all just about how, like when you have an edge, right? Or when you have a playbook, right? How would you be able to find that edge?    So I've been, you know, trading the same setup, the same pattern for the last like six months or a year. And this is what I get, right?  Or like you can see where is them, like where the mistakes has been made, and so you can improve on them.  And, you know, there's no secret to it, but it's just like, uh, I have to kind of stick to my, uh, kind of process and my edge and trading only those that I know that I've, you know, been trading before. I don't like to try something new because that's my, you know, bread and butter, right? Oh, that's my setups and, and I'm not going to go, uh, into much details today about the setups, uh, because, you know, a lot of videos have been, you know, covering that already. So, uh, I'm just going to stick, uh, I'm just going to show you guys how I usually back test, uh, you know, each day. So, um, each day I have to, you know, the trading session is done, right? Uh, I went back to see the charts and, uh, and usually I have, uh, I have them safe somewhere. Yeah, I'm just going to pull up this one. It's like I label them as like a ticker's run before, right? So, yeah, this is just a couple of, of them. And, uh, so if you, if I click on them, right? So I can see, all right. So BBI, I trade it on, you know, 15 or whatever, uh, because the idea behind is that I want to kind of screenshot them. And so if, you know, in, sometimes in the future, uh, they pop it again, right? So all I did is just, you know, go ahead and, and, uh, look at this and I just type in the ticket, right? Uh, whatever that might be, I CIA, whatever, like that is, uh, and then it showed me here. So I, I can, you know, easily look at them and how they perform last time. So that, uh, I mean, you can do that by, you know, by pulling up the chart from, from the, from the history from a TOS, right? But, you know, it's just more convenient for me to do it that way, and it's like faster. And also, you know, if I have my executions on that already, so I knew that I traded this last time. And this is how I did, right? And, uh, so that's basically the idea and about the screenshotting. I mean, you could label them here. You know, you can put some notes here. All right. So I short some here, I cover down here.   Basically. Also, this is, this is one of the, um, this is the, the screenshot of the chart. And also in MIC, we have the daily report cat, uh, cards, right? So, uh, you know, by, you know, a lot of members are doing it as well. So you can put in the date here. Yeah. You can zoom in a little bit here and you can see how they do it.  And, uh, it's, I think it's been, uh, discussed in the SMB capital, uh, uh, this is the trading firm in, in Manhattan as well. And, uh, you know, it's, it's, it's really solid, uh, kind of a way how to kind of grade yourself on how you did for that day.  So what I, um, what I did, uh, back then is like, I did pretty much the same thing, like every day trying to, you know, put a ghost in, in, in everything, you know, and, and now, uh, lately, uh, been kind of slacking on that. And I, I should have, uh, you know, like, uh, keep doing it as well. So this is a really good way how you can, uh, how you can back test and also how you can, uh, you know, kind of, uh, wrote, uh, whatever. I mean, you know, uh, right after the trade, right?  So, you know, after a month or two after that, you can go back and watch the notes, right? I mean, that's how you can improve, uh, and, and try to kind of eliminate the, all the mistakes that you have done in the past. And, you know, that's, that's, you know, the best way how to do it. But, uh, if you are lazy like me, so you can, you know, just screenshot a chart and upload it to the trade review, whatever, uh, trade review, uh, is a really good website, uh, for you to upload your trades, also, you know, all have the stats and data for you to kind of, uh, look at it. And, uh, you can, you know, type in the ticker name as well, just to search for them. And it, uh, you know, it's, it's convenient as well. And, uh, yeah, so that's what I did.  I, you know, I went back to each day or like, uh, you know, I, I usually kind of look back at the trade every day and then at the end of the week, you know, I try to sum up the week as well, sums up, uh, you know, what I've been doing good this week and, you know, day by day and then by the end of the week as well. So, yeah, so screenshot a chart, uh, I have here some more I can show you guys. I have saved some of Alex chart. This is just a perfect, uh, you know, I kind of copy it from his blog and, uh, you see how, uh, Alex has been labeling the chart, right?  Right. You know, uh, put a note here so that, you know, uh, what to look for. I've been saving on, you know, something because I think it's, you know, it's helpful. And I just simply liked the way, uh, that he explained, uh, you know, in the chart like that. So I try to use that so I can, you know, see and the pattern, uh, better. All right, guys. So, um, that's it. Have a good one, guys. Take care. Also, stay up to date by watching some of our most recent videos right over here.


So, let us do a quick recap of what we did last time. We have been discussing two dimensional correlation experiments. The COSY has been the most fundamental of all of these experiments which is the first experiment that was done with regard to the homonuclear correlation experiments and this is very important to understand and therefore we shall do a quick recap of what we did last time. We have actually went through a detailed analysis of this basic experiment using a two-spin system weakly coupled to two-spin system. So, let us do a quick recap of this what we said. So, here the pulse sequence is given it is a two pulse experiment and it generates a two-dimensional spectrum of this type right here and we have the so called diagonal here and if I have a two-spin system that have one-dimensional peaks here to double as for a two-spin system. So, similarly I will have two peaks here and then two peaks here this is the one-dimensional spectrum and in the 2D spectrum we said this will produce the peaks like this. This is the so called diagonal peaks and they will have a fine structure which displays the coupling between the two protons and we also said that we have this sort of a display of signs in the diagonal as well as in the cross peak. So, this was arrived at by using a detailed product operator formalism and we said that the diagonal peak this is the so called diagonal peak if you call it as diagonal and this is the so called cross peak if I call it as C the same thing is true here this originates from one-spin call it as K-spin this is the K-spin and this is the L-spin. So, this results in a transfer of coherence from the K-spin to the L-spin that results to this cross peak and the transfer of coherence from L-spin to the K-spin results in this cross peak. So, this is also a cross peak and this is the so called diagonal peak. Now, we also said that the diagonal peak has in phase characteristics that means it is plus, plus, plus, plus in all the four the components and dispersive line shapes and the cross peaks on the other hand have an anti-phase nature that is a plus minus minus plus fine structure and they have the absorptive line shape. In other words if I were to take a cross section at this point then I will get a display of peaks like this and then you have the dispersive peaks will go like this. So, the dispersive line shapes are in the diagonal and the cross peaks have anti-phase absorptive line shapes. The resolution in each one of these of course will not be necessarily be the same because that depends upon how you collect the data how much increments you use along the T1 dimension to acquire the data. So, the resolution will be dependent on total number of increments which will determine that so called T1 max this is a maximum T1 and the resolution along the F2 dimension or this dimension this is the F2 dimension this is the F1 dimension. The resolution along the F2 dimension will depend upon the T2 max. So, maximum value of T2 and generally we find that the T2 max is always higher than the T1 max. So, typically you collect about 2048 or 4096 data points along the T2 axis and you may collect only about 256 increments or 512 increments along the T1 axis because that determines the experimental time. So, this is what we will get for a two spin system. This we are worried by doing a detailed product operator formalism. Now, we also started looking at the three spin system and the general discussion that happened in the case of two spin system is also valid for the three spin system as well. So, let us try and look at the three spin system. We said that the three spin system can be of this particular nature. This is called as a linear three spin system that is AMX, A is coupled to M and M is coupled to X and there is no direct coupling between A and X. Now, each of these spins will have different kind of multiplicity and that is indicated here. The X spin is split because of the coupling to the M spin and the M spin is a split because of the coupling to the X spin and the A spin and this will produce the so-called doublet of a doublet and this coupling information is present here. So, this MX coupling and this is the AM coupling here and the A spin will be a doublet again but this is showing the coupling constant AM. So, this produces an overall cosy spectrum like this that you have a correlation from A to M here and this is the cross peak and these two are the diagonal peaks between A and M and this cross peak here arises because of the coupling between M and X. So, notice here there is this one coupling this will have a fine structure of the M along this axis and the fine structure of X along this axis. Each of these cross peaks will have the fine structure as indicated here depending upon on which axis you have this spin appearing it will show a fine structure along that axis. So, we will see that in greater detail. Now, there is the other type of a three spin system there is a so-called triangular AMX spin system and here the each spin is coupled to the other two. So, A is coupled to X and A is coupled to M and M is also coupled to X. Therefore, all the three spins now appear as doublets of doublets but their fine structure will depend upon the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. So, you have J for the X spin you have the MX coupling here and the AX coupling which is here indicated here and for the M spin once again the MX coupling which is the same as that and then you have the AM coupling which is here and for the A spin you have the AX coupling and the AM coupling. So, these results in a cross peak structure or the cosy peak pattern in this manner you have the cross peak from A to M, A to X and then from M to A, M to X and similarly from X you have to M and A. Now, let us try and look at the fine structures now in each of these cross peaks. So, what is important is the fine structure in the cross peaks that is where actually you can measure the coupling constants and in the diagonal peaks usually you cannot measure the coupling constants because of the dispersive nature the resolution is rather low in the cross peaks these are the information carriers we established once firstly the correlation and also measure the coupling constants from the cross peaks. Now, let us see what sort of a fine structures we might have some generalizations here which are derived from from experience with the two spin system and the same principles hold here as well. See the both the diagonal and the cross peaks will have the fine structure as per the splitting pattern which we discussed just now. The diagonal will have in phase dispersive line shape in every case the cross peaks will have positive and negative components whose pattern will depend upon the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. Now, there is one more concept which comes into the picture when you are actually looking at a three spin system. There are two kinds of coupling one can distinguish here the so called active and passive couplings. What are these active coupling is one which is responsible for the cross peak. For example, in the linear AMX system in the AM cross peak J AM is the active coupling and J MX which also appears in the fine structure of the cross peak is called the passive coupling. Similarly, it will be valid for the other cross peaks as well whichever coupling is responsible for the generation of the cross peak is called the active coupling and any other coupling that appears there is called as the passive coupling. Active coupling leads to plus minus splitting. So, this is the anti-phase nature which we saw in the fine structures of the cross peaks the plus minus splitting that arises because of the active coupling whereas the passive coupling leads to further splitting of these into in phase doublets. So, therefore, this plus which is present here will be split into plus plus and that will be the passive coupling constant here and the minus which is present here will split into minus minus and this is separation is again the passive coupling. Therefore, this is the principle which will will be applicable for all the cross peaks and let us see how this will manifest in the actual pattern in the cross peak fine structure. Let us take this example of the linear spin system once more. Now, this is the same pattern which I showed earlier. Now depending upon what is the relative magnitude of the coupling constants, we will have two different situations. There can be one situation where the AM coupling is larger than the MX coupling and there can be another situation where the AM coupling is smaller than the MX coupling. Now, let us look at one the particular cross peak here with case 1 and that is the A spin on here and the M spin along this axis. This is my F1 axis, this is my F2 axis. So, which cross peak are we looking at then? If this is the F2 axis, this is my F2 axis. If I am looking at the A spin here then that will be this and and the M spin along this axis means that is this. So, I am looking at this cross peak. Now, this cross peak I am blowing it up here and I want to see what is the fine structure inside here. To see this, let us do a simple calculation as can be derived from our experience with the two spin system. Let us say this is the chemical shift of the A spin without any coupling and when there is coupling, this will split into two lines because of the coupling with the M spin and this is now the active coupling. So, therefore, this active coupling will produce me plus minus pattern here. And now since there is no other coupling to the A spin, this is all we will have with for the A spin. Now, let us look at the M spin. The M spin has a coupling AM which will produce a plus minus thing as in the case here, but the M spin also has a passive coupling and that is the MX coupling. So, the MX coupling it will produce a plus plus splitting of this peak and a minus minus splitting of this peak. So, therefore, if the AM coupling is larger than the MX coupling, then this will produce a pattern like this, you have MX here and MX here. So, this will produce plus plus and minus minus. So, on the other hand, if the AM coupling is smaller than the MX coupling, then what happens? This plus will split into plus plus like this here. This will cross over into this and the minus one will split into minus minus like this. So, this will now cross over. So, the pattern therefore, along the M dimension will depend upon what are the relative magnitudes of the two couplings. In case one, it will produce me a plus plus minus minus structure. In the case two, it will produce me a plus minus plus minus fine structure. So, let us put that in here. So, M spin I have this plus plus minus minus and this one will have along the A spin I will have plus minus here. So, what it will be inside? Therefore, this will be a product of these two, the plus minus you multiply by plus.  Therefore, inside the cross peak therefore, I will have this sort of a fine structure. In the case two, then I will have here plus minus as before and you will have here plus minus plus minus. Therefore, if I now take the product, I will get plus minus here, minus plus here, plus minus here and minus plus here. Notice therefore, there is a difference in the internal fine structure of the cross peaks depending upon the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants. So, that was for this particular peak and how it will be if I were to look at the another peak that is the same cross peak on the other side that is this cross peak, this is also an AM cross peak. And now, along the F2 axis, I have the M spin and along the F1 axis, I have the A spin. Therefore, I write M here and A there. So, M here and A there. So, therefore, for case one, so I have this plus minus here and M is plus plus minus minus. So, I multiply that here. So, this is this gives me minus minus plus plus, this gives me plus plus minus minus in this case and with case 2, I will get minus plus minus plus minus plus minus here. Notice the whole peak appears narrow along the A dimension and is broad along the M dimension because there is a doublet of a doublet along M axis and simply doublet along the A side. Therefore, the appearance of these cross peaks will be different. This will be like this and this will be vertical like this exactly the way I have shown in these cases. Now, what can happen? Typically, what generally happens is that you notice that what is the separation between these 2 and that will depend upon what is the separation between these 2. So, if I go back and look here, you see these plus and minus are coming quite close. That depends upon the relative magnitudes of the 2 couplings. If the 2 are similar for example, if the 2 are similar, the AM and the MX coupling are similar, then this plus and minus will come on top of each other in which case they will cancel. So, therefore, you may not see anything here or if they are very close, then the separation between them will be very small and there is a tendency for them to cancel. The same thing will happen here too that on this case of course, although it is minus plus here, but if this difference is small, then the tendency for these 2 to cancel will be there. So, often it is the resolution is not good enough, then you will have a one peak here and a one peak there and one peak here and a one peak there and the central peaks may vanish and that therefore depends upon the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants and how much resolution you have in your spectrum. Now, what is the effect of the resolution on the F1 and the F2 axis? Notice here then if I am measuring along the F2 axis, as I said generally the F2 axis resolution is very high because I am acquiring larger number of data points. Therefore, the separation here will be better in whichever spin appears along this axis. On the resolution along this axis is rather limited because of the limited number of T1 increments we have. We have this smaller number of T1 increments, then we will have a T1 max will be smaller and therefore the resolution will be poorer. Therefore, if this plus minus appears here, the tendency for cancellation here will be much more than the cancellation along this axis. The cancellation along this axis will not be as much as the cancellation along this axis will be. So, this may cancel this and this may cancel this and would appear that these peaks are not appearing in your final spectrum. That is why the fine structures in these peaks may appear differently depending on the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants and which spin you are measuring. So, here the A spin is along the F1 axis, M spin is along this, this axis if this coupling is very small there will be tendency for these ones to cancel and these plus minus and this resolution will be usually better, but if the coupling constant difference is small then there may be cancellation here as well. So, you will find cancellation of peaks appearing is because of small differences in the coupling constants, same thing will happen here. And this will happen even in the case of three spin systems. Now, the three spin system of triangular nature we are talking about the three spin system only. If I have a triangular type of coupling network then I will have peak structure which is like this as I already indicated to you, but now let us look at the fine structure. Now, start with the A spin once more.  So, accordingly we will do a calculation, but if the magnitudes of the coupling constants are different of course it will make a change in the fine structure accordingly. Now, so let us start with the A spin. The A spin will produce me a splitting due to the AM coupling and that is which spin I am looking at AM cross peak I am looking at. AM that is A is here and M is here. So, that is A is here and M is here. Therefore, I am looking at this particular cross peak. So, this particular cross peak let us look at the fine structure. So, the AM gives me plus minus splitting and the AX coupling which is a smaller than the AM coupling will produce therefore plus plus and minus minus. And what about the AM spin? The AM spin will be split into plus minus because of the AM coupling and now the MX coupling. Now, MX coupling is larger than the AM coupling. Therefore this will produce a splitting like plus and plus here and minus and minus here and this will be therefore plus minus plus minus.   So, we take the product here.  Now, once again we have to be concerned about the resolution and where are the cancellations possible. Now, AM spin has a plus minus plus minus and that is depends upon the relative magnitudes of this coupling. If these two are too close then there is a chance that the central ones will cancel and all of these peaks will disappear. If this is larger and then the resolution that is available to you then of course it will appear plus minus plus minus. Now, on the other side you have the AM coupling. A is multiplied, fine structure and the plus minus appears here and that is this separation here. If this difference is small then you will have this plus minus coming too close and then there will be cancellations in this. So, this row of peaks will then cancel. Now, typically as I mentioned you have the resolution along the F1 axis much smaller. So, therefore along this axis you will have poorer resolution and that may result in cancellation of these cross peaks here. So, often you will find that you will have this line and you will have this line and some of the central peaks have cancelled out or even if they are present they are present as residuals after the cancellations. So, this is the kind of a structure you will get for the 3 spin system in a triangular shape. Now, similarly one can calculate for the different cross peaks. If I take this cross peaks then I will have JAX. This is the AX will be the active coupling and all other couplings will be passive couplings. What other couplings will be there? For the AX I will have the MX coupling because AX coupling and MX coupling. For this cross peaks AX coupling will be the active coupling and MX coupling will be the passive coupling. Now, if I take this cross peak this is the MX cross peak. So, MX will be the active coupling and the AM will be the passive coupling. So, similarly in all the cross peaks you will have one active coupling and the other one will be the passive coupling. Passive coupling leads to plus plus splitting and active coupling leads to plus minus splitting. Accordingly all of them will have different fine structure. So, I suppose this is now clear and I have repeated couple of times the same concepts and therefore this should be very clear now. Now, let us look at some experimental situation. So, here is an experimental spectrum. So, here is a spectrum of a mixture of two molecules CH3, CH2, CH2, CH2Br, CH3, CH2, CH2, CH2i. This is the same proton network but I have a substituent which is different here. The reason why I am showing this is to show the power of QZ experiment how useful it is in identifying correlations when there is high overlap of peaks. Now, these two CH3s both appear here in the one dimensional spectrum and then you have three CH2 groups. So, the three CH2 groups appear here but then you have one more here and this appears because of the difference here. You have bromine here and then iodine here and therefore you will have a different peak at this point. So, this is close to that. Now, let us see how we understand that. The methyl peaks these are the methyl peaks. The methyl peaks appear here. So, on the basis of the chemical shift the methyl peak spectrum looks like this. So, obviously the fine structures from the two molecules are not resolved here. But then how do we know there are the two methyl groups here but look at the correlation here. If I look at the correlation I see two peaks here. So, these two peaks and the same thing is displayed here. So, this is the methyl, this is the blow up.  So, this is the blow up of this particular region here. See, the methyl is appearing here and then you have a cross peak fine structure appearing here. This is the fine structure of this and you have these two peaks which are slightly separated along the way of two axes. But here in the one dimensional spectrum you cannot see the difference. But in the two dimensional spectrum you are seeing these two separate peaks. At a higher resolution here is blotted here and you can see that there are two peaks which are appearing here and they both appear on the diagonal at this. The corresponding diagonal peaks are here. The corresponding diagonal peak is here. Now, each of these peaks are now connected to the next CH2. So, that this was therefore this CH2s, the two CH2s here and these two CH2s are connected to the next two CH2s and those ones are these here. So, these are connected to these two CH2s. See, once again you see they are not resolved in the one dimensional spectrum here but they get resolved here in the correlation spectrum and you see slightly shifted cross peaks and in the diagonal they are here and the cross peaks they are slightly shifted. So, therefore this allows you to identify the correlations of the two different molecules distinctly and now you get the two CH2s here corresponding to this. Now, these two CH2s are coupled to these two CH2s which are distinctly different here. Now, they are much better resolved here and therefore they are also resolved here on this axis. So, one which is present here goes to this because a priori you do not know which one is this here whether the CH2 of the BR is this or the CH2 of the I is here. Now, you establish the correlation which was on the top here is going to the top here which was on the bottom here is going to the next one here most downfield shifted one here. Therefore, this establishes that network of couplings.  So, as you are closer to the BR and the I the chemical shift difference between these is larger and therefore they are better separated here and the other one the separation is much smaller and therefore they are not so well separated here. So, this is the power of the COSY and this allows you to display correlations in the two dimensional plane in a resolvable manner. Although you see here these fine structures are not so well resolved because of the various cancellations which I mentioned to you. There will be cancellations in the fine structures and therefore you will see only the terminal peaks appearing and the central patterns will not be appearing in these sort of fine structures. And this picture is taken from this book Harald Gunther and now spectroscopy particular page number is given. I will show you another example here how this COSY spectrum is extremely useful. Here is a one dimensional spectrum of a particular molecule does not matter where molecule it is this is taken from the net. So, and I have here the corresponding one dimensional spectrum here as well and therefore I have this diagonal which is representative of this crowding of peaks and diagonal does not clearly show any resolution because of the dispersive nature of the peaks and now I start seeing correlations here. What is correlated to what? The one which is the most of field is connected to this peak here. So, therefore it is connected to this diagonal peak this particular proton it is also connected to this particular proton here and see that is this diagonal on this one. The one which is on the lower on this here is connected to this one as well as to this one. Now, how do I know they are the same proton and they belong to the same network and not 2 different ones there because when you go down here you see coupling between those 2 as well. Therefore, these belong to the same network. So, you have this is like an AMX system. So, you have this A connected to M and A connected to X and therefore and then you also have an MX coupling here. So, therefore this is the AMX system and you have this fine structure here. Similarly, you have another AMX system this one is connected to this and also connected to this. Now, the diagonal of that one is here and the cross peak is here once more cross peak here. So, if this is the AM cross peak and this is the MX cross peak here and this is the AX cross peak or this is the A to M and this is M to X and then I have a M to X here as well. Therefore, these connect to the triangular AMX spin system. So, this is to illustrate how you can display the correlations in complicated spin networks. Similarly, you will see from here this extends further it is not just an AMX until here it was so called AMX but then see this particular spin is coupled to another one here. So, you have another spin here which is this one is coupled to this and that diagonal is at this point but once again this fellow is coupled to one more here. So, see this is coupled to this and this produces a cross peak here. So, this cross peak this is coupled to this one here and you have a network of coupling spins. Therefore, you can establish a complete network of couplings in complicated spin systems. You have so many spin systems here and that is power of the cosy and it will allow you to identify each one of those. So, this is the power of the cosy experiment and that is extremely useful and that is why we call this as a revolution in two dimensional spectroscopy because one then was able to look at complex molecules which were not possible earlier. Now, however, there are also disadvantages and we should look at this one can improve upon this and this has become possible and a larger number of two dimensional experiments have horizon as a result of improvements in the cosy experiments to remove the shortcomings. What are the shortcomings? The dispersive line shapes in the diagonal peak produces long tails which hamper resolution in the spectra. This is shortcoming because if there are cross which are close to the diagonal you often miss them out because they get masked you would not be able to see them and then the diagonal peak has in phase components while the cross peak has anti phase components. This results in huge diagonal peaks and tiny cross peaks in the event of insufficient resolution in the spectrum. The resolution in the F1 dimension is determined by the number of increments one can acquire along the T1 dimension which I mentioned and this will be limited by the machine time because every time you want to increase the number of increments in the T1 it will be separate experiment each T1 increment is a separate experiment therefore the experimental time will go up and that will produce lot of restrictions on your experiments. So, in that scenario because of poor resolution along the F1 dimension the peak intensity is cancelled because of positive negative character of the components in the cross peak. So, this is a disadvantage and how to get over this problem has been a subject of discussion subject of development and that we will discuss as we go along. So, let me summarize the two dimensional experiment the COSY is the most fundamental all the basic principles are contained here we calculated the structures of the cross peaks and of the diagonal peaks using detailed product operator formalism we demonstrated this with the two spin system and we learnt the principles from that and we use these principles to calculate the fine structures in the cross peaks in more complicated spin systems especially a three spin system and you can extend this further because then every time you will have to calculate the evolutions under the different couplings but this principles which you have learnt from the two spin system is sufficient to calculate the complex fine structures in the complex spin systems and we also showed how the patterns of the cross peaks can be affected by the relative magnitudes of the coupling constants and the cancellation of the peaks can occur if the resolution is not enough along the T1 axis and typically this will be the situation because you do not have enough number of increments along the T1 dimension and because of the limitation of the experimental time and that will be a disadvantage and one has to get over these things these disadvantages by making improvements in your experimental sequences. I think we will stop here and we will continue with the developments later.


We just tested out Cricut infusible inks against sublimation printing, and we'll show you what we found right now. What is up? Welcome back! Do you like to do a builder make it? Great! That's what we do on this channel. And today, we decided to check out that Cricut infusible ink. It is everywhere on YouTube, like everywhere that we go. I'm always seeing this infusible ink on the YouTube. The YouTube. On the YouTube. So we decided to check it out, and I wanted to go ahead and put it up against sublimation printing and heat transfer to see how good it really is. Step one! Unbox the stuff. I'm going to open it up and see what we got. Alright, we're going to try two projects today. We have t-shirts and coasters. I'm going to sublimate on a t-shirt, and she's going to use the infusible ink. Infusible ink sheets. And I'm going to sublimate on two coasters. And she's going to try the infusion markers. So we'll see. We got similar designs. Alright, we're doing t-shirts first. Yep. Whether you want to unbox your ginger in there. Yeah, let's do it. See what you got. That thing is seriously packaged. Alright, I got Cricut products to sublimate on. You notice these t-shirts were 90%, 95% polyester, so I should be able to sublimate on them. Alright, what do we got here? Help me flatten it out. Alright, so how many sheets do we get? One of each. Two designs, two solids. Blue, navy blue and red. And this paisley. Red paisley. And denim. And a denim sheet. And then these are... That's butcher paper. Butcher paper, alright. So we got like four sheets of butcher paper. And a little scrap. Little scrap. Alright, well, I think it works just like a heat transfer vinyl. So we're going to cut it out. We're going to cut out our image reverse. Mirror, yeah. Alright. Let's do it. Let's do it. Alright, I'm going to jump into design space and cut out my design on my infusible ink paper. So with this, it needs to be face up, right, and mirrored. Yep, and mirrored. Alright, well she's cutting that out. I'm going to print my image. So I'm going to jump into Word, pull out my image real quick and hit print. I'm also going to mirror it. My image is all printed. Kim is weeding out her image. Stuff kind of works like heat transfer vinyl. You're going to want to put one of these inside the shirt. It's an inch from the v-neck. You want to slide that underneath there now? Oh, I guess I could. Alright, go ahead. Alright, 385, 40 seconds. Alright, now it's going to be a warm peel. A warm peel. Is that what it's in? Yeah. Got a little hot. You ready? Yep, go. Woo, that looks good. Wow. Alright, that came out way better than I thought it would. Alright, I'll give you that way better than I thought it would. Check that out. Hold it close. Hold it close. Stars and stripes, yeah. My shirt. Again, this is my sublimation. Here's my sublimation jam. Hold it close. You're going to turn the dams around. Turn the dams around? Yeah. Are you going to need any tape? Let me get you some. Yeah. I don't need no tape. Oh, Julia. How far from the collar? Alright. Yes, yours is more like three inches. You want a tape measure? Nope, I'm good. Looks good, right? Yeah. Here. I don't... Yeah. Let's tape this because you're using the easy press. Okay. I'm going to use the same settings. 385 for 40 seconds. Bam. Woo, smoky. Ooh, all the way through. Ready. One looks good too. Oh, did you lie? Shirt battle, babe. Alright, let's go put them on. Now we're going to make some coasters. We've got these ceramic coasters. Kim's going to make two. I'm going to make two. Kim's in design space right now. She pulled up some coasters. And she's going to do whatever. I'll do whatever. Alright, we're printing my two using a print and cut. But we won't really cut it. Okay, for my coasters, we're going to use laser printer paper on your Cricut map. You're going to change your image to draw. And you're going to insert your pen. I'm going to use this cardinal. And I'm going to hit... I'm going to mirror mine. Continue. That's what the marker looks like. Yes, it seems like it kind of ran out of ink. Heartway through. So I wasn't sure I was going to fill it in. But now I think I have to. Because the marker kind of ran out of ink. Alright, mine is all printed. Looking sharp. Kim's is all drawn. Looking... So sharp. Yeah, it's like the markers ran out of ink or something. It doesn't stay fully inked. So I'm going to try it again. I'm going to try it again. I'm going to try it with a green marker. Maybe it's my marker. Although it just came out of the package. Fresh out of the package. You got the marker. Green came out a little better. A little sharper. I wouldn't say great, but better. Definitely better than that red. She still has to color it in. Now we're using some high heat tape to tape our designs in place. And you said 300 seconds? Well you're 240 seconds. I'm 300 seconds. Okay, but your temperature? It's 400. Your temperature? I thought it was 3 something. 400. Alright. I'm going to do 250. These things are steamy. So steamy. Can't touch these. They're way, way, way too hot. They're like 400 degrees hot.  How are they so stinky? What? No, it still looks good. Even if I flipped it. Not pretty good. It looks like a marker though. I mean it's exactly what we saw on the paper. Which is what I thought it was going to do. There's the Cricut Infusible Ink Coaster. Here's both of them. I almost broke them. And here are the Sublimation Coasters. Look crisp, don't they? Look hot. Sublimation T-shirt. See how it's got the fade mist to it. Cricut Infusible Ink Sheets. Came out good. The Cricut Infusible Ink Sheets. A lot easier to use than the pens. The pens, they look like pens. The acrylic pens. You got to color in all the stuff. It'll just do the outline. Going to print or cut something. It's just going to look better than what those markers look like. Maybe if you were just simply drawing with the black marker and drawing words. That might turn out okay. But this image looks way better with the Sublimation. Because you used your printer. Same here, you used your cutter. So it looks way better. Much sharper. Looks good. Have you tried Cricut Infusible Inks? What was your experience? Leave us a comment down below. If you liked this week's project, go ahead and give us a like. If you're not yet subscribed, go ahead and subscribe. And give us a share if you enjoyed what you found out today. Thanks, we'll see you guys next week.


The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of pulsed-eye laser, PDL, for discord lupus erythematosus, DLE, in a double-blinded, randomized, controlled fashion. The results showed that PDL treatment significantly decreased erythema index, EI, texture index, TI, and improved physician global assessment, PGA, scores compared to the control. Though there was improvement of modified cutaneous lupus erythematosus disease area and severity index MCLASI in the laser group, the significance difference was not observed. Real-time polymerase chain reaction showed a reduction in CXCL-9, 10, IFN, Illinois, 1-beta, TNF, and TGF. Additionally, post-treatment DLE lesions demonstrated decreased CD3, CD4, CD8, and CXCR3 positive cells. The study concluded that improvements of DLE can be achieved with PDL. This article was offered by Pawini Rognimita, Nuka Rintekakering, Ratchaforn Panchapratip, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.