friends welcome to my channel I am Arpita Karwa and I am here with a video on public demand. Yes guys on public demand because I think that from the day I have started my website and this YouTube channel the most frequently asked question that I have got from students is ma'am which book should we refer for UGC net and ma'am how should we read these guide books because irrespective of the fact that I have mentioned the name of books in so many of my videos I have circulated these messages on social media a lot of students are still finding it difficult to understand that how they should approach a guide book so I thought of making a separate video dealing specifically with this question so that finally you are all suffering we are already troubled with the coronavirus so I think that let me just make your life a bit more easy by telling you exactly the methodology in which you should read any guide book. Now the very first thing that you must remember is to do selective reading what I meant by selective reading you can choose any guide book of your choice there is no foundation on that there is no good book or bad book it is just a book okay you can choose any book according to your preference but then a smart student knows how to study from that particular book what mostly students do is that they are going to memorize the entire book and then go to the question paper and try to solve it and even after memorizing the book they are going to find that there are innumerable questions that they are not able to answer so that's where you have to break the chain and you have to reverse the process rather than memorizing the book and then solving the question paper you have to first solve the question paper see what kind of questions are being asked and only study those topics from the guide book this is how these preparation should be done there's a very very beautiful line that I want you to drill in your brain and the line says that activity without direction is just change activity with direction is progress if you want to make progress in your UGC net preparation you have to do work but with a direction agar ab gallad direction mein kaam karte jaayenge just change hoga progress nahi hogi so activity with direction is very important and that is where I come to the point that you have to be very selective in your reading whenever you're reading something ask yourself is it relevant a week later late earlier I made a video okay on UGC net paper one teaching aptitude now I've started this video series just for you guys so that I can tell you what exactly you have to learn from a textbook or a guide book of UGC net paper one because I don't want you to waste your time and energy even in my online course that's what I keep on doing I tell students that ye jo mein bata rahe hu bas itna hi padna hai because these are the questions which have been asked from this topic if a topic is irrelevant kyu pad rahe ho already bohat bada syllabus hai so in that video if you have watched my paper one video on teaching aptitude you must have seen that I have discussed concept of teaching that's the first sub topic under teaching aptitude and in that topic I've mentioned that aaj tak is topic se koi question nahi aaya concept of teaching introductory topic hai iss se kabhi koi question nahi pujte hain okay so you know that a chagar guide book me concept of teaching pe 10 pages hai toh mujhe hi nahi aad nahi karna because question hi nahi aara this will only happen when you first go to the question paper and then try to look at the guide book so first important point put in your brain do selective reading ab a bolin ki ki chaliye maam ye toh pata chal gaya ki par nahi likin kaunsi kitaap se par nahi ye toh bataya nahi that I'm dealing with UGC net in general so I cannot talk about the best books in each of these subject papers because I have an expertise in English literature so if you want to know the best books for literature you can WhatsApp on the number displayed there so that my team can send you the book list but for everyone in general I have got few things to tell you number one make sure that the language of book is very easy for example a person who has done BSC and for the first time is sitting for UGC net English literature if they he has just enrolled in masters in literature he is not going to understand the book David Dachis why because the language is tough and it is a very advanced level book so the first thing whenever you are deciding on which book to buy make sure that you read a few chapters and then see if you're able to understand the language language samaj nahi toh bohot top kitab padne se kuch nahi ho gaya ki demak me kuch nahi khusega second thing whenever you are looking at a book see aapka level kaha hai aur book ka level kya hai agar book advanced level ki hai aur aapka basic se hile hoi hai toh advanced level ki book kese samaj haigi so you have to match that agar aapne basic level ki book padne now you're good with basics you want to move to another level then read something which is more difficult so in book selection keep these things in mind yeh bohot bada myth hai that ma'am which is the book to qualify net aesi kyon si kitabe jistar saare questions aata hai ari it's a competitive exam guys understand agar itna hi easy hota ki ek kitab ko mug up kar kya aap nikal paate to everybody would have nailed it no it's not easy the reason is that there is no the book it is just a book it is a part of your preparation wahi se hi questions nahi aayenge koi bhi writer kreem nahi kar sata ki mere book me se hi questions aayenge no so make sure that you don't put all your energy in just getting that perfect book which is going to get you all the marks no there's a very great saying which I love that don't miss the forest just for trees aap trees ko dekhne me itna zyada parishaan ho ki aap forest ko nahi dekh paare to kya matlab hai always look at the overall goal your overall goal is to clear net now book is just a part of that process of clearing net it is not the only way to clear net okay and the third and the most important thing that you must remember when it comes to selecting that book make sure that the book is authentic it has got correct information and a lot of time my team has told me that itne basic questions galat hai that it becomes very difficult to find out that book in which everything is authentic so jab bhi aap koi book pad rahe hain make sure that you see whether the information given there is authentic or not guide books me ye bahad bada panga hain in most of the guide books you'll find irrelevant information plus in authentic information the date of the writer would be wrong or if you're reading at some fact or you're solving some mock test questions which are there in the book you will find majority of the answers are wrong now aap sahi kar rahe hain but answer kuch aur show kar rahe hai toh you will question your own preparation so make sure in cheez ho ka aap jhaan rake jaha bhi book me koi fact hai jo aapko lag rahe galat hai google ka sahara lee je go to some great websites like britannica wikipedia to recheck the facts and then make the correction in the book itself so that you don't get trapped in the wrong information and finally before i end this video i'm going to answer the most important question how to make notes from these guide books very simple tips i would like to give number one stop being a photocopy machine we already had some great photocopy machines in the world so you don't need to do that task most of the students are going to read the book and write down each and everything which is written so photocopy this is not how notes has to be prepared now what's the right manner just think about a situation you have a younger brother who is in class 7th now this younger brother of yours has to give a test tomorrow he has not yet studied anything and the test is on unit one teaching aptitude for example now how are you going to teach that kid teaching aptitude in just one day that is exactly how you need to make notes this is called sibling method now what is sibling method basically you have to write only the same points in that book which can definitely be examined according to you and only the same things have to be written in pointers which will help you in the time of revision apart from that the irrelevant information is skip everything if you have 300 words in a page then only 10 percent should come in your notes that is 30 words from a page 300 words you have to write only 30 words in your notebook that's it you have to be so selective or else the course is complete so you won't be able to revise so make sure that you go back to this video again and watch it if you want to get clarity on how you should use guidebooks for UGC net preparation I think I've tried to do justice to this topic and to this question that has been asked by hundreds and thousands of students so with that note I would like to take your leave but before that please make sure that you hit the subscribe button also if you want to look at the previous year question papers they are available free of cost on my website arpathakarva.com along with that we are running some amazing extraordinary courses for UGC net English literature so make sure you visit our website and get all the details demo material plus if you have not yet followed us on social media I think the time is right now because we are going to update you about all the important UGC net notification and exam date changes through social media so with that note I am going to take your leave we'll meet very soon in the next video lecture till the time we meet next happy learning keep loving literature and stay tuned to arpathakarva.com


So what? By Glen A. Henry. So, he said with a sigh. She sowed. See, said she, I sow. He saw. So what? He said, a sock, a shawl. A sheet, said she, I sow a sheet. I see, said he. And so he saw. Saw, said she. Saw me some things. Saw what? He said. A shoe, a shed. A ship, said she. Saw me a ship. And so he sawed. He sawed and sawed. And sawed a ship. See, said he. A ship. She saw. She saw the ship, he said, he sawed. I see, said she. I see you sawed a ship for me. Sure, he said. I said I'd saw, and so I did. You see, I say it sow, and so it is. I see, I see, said she. She said she saw, and then she sowed. And so she sat, and sowed all day. He stopped and thought, what should I say? Say, he said. I saw, you sow. Sow, said she. He sighed. I see you're sad, she said. It seems I am, he sighed. The ship can't sail, he said. There is no seed. I see, said she. And then she sowed. She sowed the sheet, and then she smiled. A seed, said she. The sheet's a sea. I see, said he. You sowed a sea. And now the ship can sail. I sawed, you sowed. I sighed, you smiled. The sheet's a sea. The ship is free. And so we saw, and so we see.


It is now my absolute pleasure to introduce the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, by way of introduction. Ms. Bachelet assumed her functions as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights late last year in September. Ms. Bachelet was elected the President of Chile on two occasions. She was the first female President of Chile. She served as Health Minister, as well as Chile's and Latin American's first female Defense Minister. During her presidential tenures, she promoted the rights of all, but in particular the most vulnerable. Amongst her many achievements, she established the National Institute for Human Rights, the Ministry of Women and Gender Equality, and led the approval of the Civil Union Act legislation advancing LGBT rights. Since the early 90s, Ms. Bachelet has worked closely with the UN. In 2011, Ms. Bachelet was named the first Director of UN Women. Michelle Bachelet has a medical degree in surgery with a specialization in pediatrics and public health. And with that, I introduce the High Commissioner. Thank you, Noemi. Chairpersons, President Sampayo, Secretary of State Raquel Duarte, Mr. Mayor Porto, distinguished panelists, members of parliament, Excellencies, colleagues and friends also want to salute specifically of the activists of Harvard Action and all human rights defenders who are present here today. I'm really pleased to be at this gathering of people working at the heart of Harvard Action, drug policy and human rights. The theme of this meeting, People Before Politics, is a call to mobilize energy and conviction to shift the world's focus from the current emphasis on punitive law enforcement to one that emphasizes the well-being and rights of people who use drugs. It is particularly important that we are meeting in Portugal, where use of drugs or possession for personal use is no longer a criminal offense. Syringe exchange and substitution treatment are widely available. And much has been done to ensure better access to healthcare for people who use drugs. At the center of these legal and policy changes has been concerned for the well-being of the individuals concerned and to the degree possible addressing the underlying factors which drive drug dependence. The result has been a striking drop in new HIV infections, mortality from overdose and incarceration. The so-called war on drugs is driven by the idea that cracked down some people who use drugs or who are involved in the trade of drugs will make drug use go away. But we know from experience that this is simply not true. After decades of this approach, the countries which adopted it are not closer to being drug free. On the contrary, the range and amount of substances being produced and consumed is greater today than ever before. A combination of poverty, limited opportunities for marginalized and rural communities and political instability have continued to drive high levels of supply and a marked increase in drug-related deaths. Between 2000 and 2015, there has been a 60% increase in drug-related fatalities, with a harrowing 400,000 deaths in 2015. On the demand side, repressive policies have actually impeded policies which could address some of the social factors which aggravate an individual's vulnerability to drug use and its harmful outcomes. We are witnessing continuing and in some cases increasing human rights violations related to drug control measures. They include reports of extensive extrajudicial killings, torture and enforced disappearances in some countries, use of death penalty for drug-related conduct not considered to constitute most serious crimes under international law. In the last 20 years, drug-related practices in law enforcement and arbitrary detention, the criminalization of drug users deters people from accessing treatment and other health and social services. Together with the stigmatizing attitude and discrimination with its fuels, criminalization is also likely to lead to higher risk of risk-injection practices and higher risk of overdose due to the need to inject quickly and in unsafe places. Cancellation of drug use also fuels mass incarceration. The number of people currently incarcerated worldwide is reportedly at the all-time high of 10 million, which in one in five inmates incarcerated for drug offenses, most of them possession of drug for personal use. The incarceration of large numbers of people in overcrowded and underfunded prisons is likely to increase the probability they will commit crimes on their release. Imprisonment is also very costly for far less cost-affected treatment and counseling. In this context, it frequently appears to be an unjust or disproportionately severe penalty. And although prisons represent high-risk environments for the transmission of blood-borne viruses, there are typically even fewer harm reduction services on offer in prisons that there are in the community, aggravating the risk of harm to health. Harm reduction measures have been recognized as essential for people who use drugs by the General Assembly of United Nations, the Human Rights Council, the World Health Organization, UNH and multiple human rights treaty bodies and special reporters. More than 80% of people who inject drugs are either living with or have previously had an hepatitis infection. People who inject drugs are at 23 times greater risk of HIV infection than people who do not inject drugs. Although the global incidence of HIV infection declined by 25% between 2010 and 2017, the incidence amongst people who inject drugs and their partners is actually rising. But despite this heavy burden of disease, effective harm reduction interventions which could prevent their spread are lacking or severely underfunded in many countries. The number of countries providing needle and syringe programs and or opioid substitution therapy has fallen since 2014. Drug use is present in 179 of the 206 countries reviewed by the Lancet, but currently just 86 countries implement needle and syringe exchange to different degrees, and 86, but not the same 86 as before, permit opioid substitution as therapy. Meanwhile, the programs that exist are frequently deprived of adequate funds, particularly in low and middle income countries. Last year, UNAIDs alerted the world to the 20% shortfall in funding for the global HIV response, and for harm reduction overall, the gap appears to be close to 90%. Excellencies, government need to safeguard and improve the well-being of societies, and when a set of policies clearly fails to achieve its goal, it is time to change them. As the example of Portugal demonstrates, policies grounded in evidence and guided by concern for public health and human rights are more effective in addressing both the supply of drugs and the demand for them, as well as their most damaging effects on society. When as I mean remember, President Sampaio was president, Portugal has Europe's highest rate of HIV among injecting drug users, and President Sampaio and my colleague and current boss, Antonio Guterres, then prime minister of Portugal, introduced non-crisp criminal responses to the possession of drugs for personal use that same year. Greater resources were allocated to prevention, treatment, including harm reduction measures, and programs for the reintegration of people who use drugs into society. The rate of all sexually transmitted diseases decreased dramatically. Overall rates of drug use fell. Portugal now has one of the lowest death rates for drug use in Europe. Excellencies, colleagues, friends, looking specifically at harm reduction programs, the evidence is clear. Whether they exist and receive adequate funding, they have been markedly successful in reducing harm to the health and well-being of people who use drugs. Needle exchange, quality treatment, education, counseling, and drug substitutes like methadone or naxaline has been effective in decreasing addiction, overdose, and the spread of HIV and hepatitis C. Progress has been reported with national authorities have managed drug use and dependence as a public health problem, as it was said before me, which requires treatment, counseling, and medical intervention. Drug treatment and counseling programs are not only far more effective than prison at reducing drug dependence and abuse, they are also more cost effective. And they do not produce the massive social and economic impact on poor and minority communities that we currently see in many countries that rely on discriminatory policing and mass incarceration. In March, just this year, at the high level ministerial segment of the 62nd session of the Commission of Narcotic Drugs in Vienna, all members state unanimously expressed concerns regarding drug control policies that are not in conformity with international human rights obligations. In November last year, the International Narcotic Control Board reiterated in the clearest possible terms that if drug control measures adopted by states violate internationally recognized human rights, they also violate the international drug control conventions. In June 2017, 12 UN agencies issued a statement recommending the review and repeal of punitive law criminalizing or otherwise prohibiting drug use or the possession of drugs for personal use. So with such persuasive evidence and a clear international consensus in favor of human rights based drug policies, why are so many people being deprived of the rights as human beings because they have been cut up in drug use? Why do so many countries still have legal and policy barriers to life-saving harm reduction services, including laws that make needle and syringe change and opioid substitution treatment illegal, distinguished heirs? In view of the presence in this audience of so many distinguished experts in the field of health, I want to take a moment to discuss the question of access to control medicines not only for opioid substitution therapy but for health needs unrelated to illicit drug use. The medical use of controlled narcotic drugs continues to be indispensable for the relief of pain and suffering. The grinder availability for such purposes is essential. The denial of pain relief may constitute ill treatment amounting to torture. It is also vital to ensure that opioid substitution therapy can assist people who have become dependent to distance themselves from the many dangers to life and health associated with illegal sources of narcotics. Taking internationally controlled drugs available for medical and scientific purposes has been at the heart of the International Drug Control Convention since the single convention on narcotic drugs of 1961. And I'm certain that all members they have the capacity to devise legislation that ensures compliance with this vital element of the right to health. Alongside the excessive restrictions on access to opioids in several countries, an epidemic of opioid dependence in North America has been generated unprecedented levels of mortality. This crisis has been spurred by the obvious prescription of opioids by doctors. Clearly there is a need for a well-designed regulation and training regarding the prescription of opioid including monitoring so that the goal of adequate pain relief can be achieved. Treating opioid dependence with programs that focus on abstinence is likely to be much less successful than opioid substitution therapy. Complete abstinence from drug use has also been the primary message of prevention in many countries today. But whether as treatment or as prevention there is very little evidence that this message is effective. Honest information, encouraging moderation in youthful experimentation and prioritizing safety through knowledge are more likely, are far more likely to lead to positive outcomes. As Sol stated, noted in the outcome document of the UN General Assembly special session on drugs in 2016 when they committed to take effective practical and evidence-based prevention measures and to provide accurate information about the risks of drug abuse. It is also essential for every prevention and awareness campaign to promote non-stigmatizing attitudes towards people who use drugs. Distinguished chairs, colleagues and friends, in a number of countries significant reforms are needed to bring criminal justice systems to compliance with international human rights law on issues related to drug use. There has been some positive movement with respect to the use of death penalty including a significant decrease in reported executions for drug offenses since 2015. But at least 3,940 people were executed for a drug offense in the last decade. I remain concerned about the continuing use of capital punishment for drug offenses in a number of states and moves towards its reintroduction in others. 35 states maintain the death penalty for drug offenses in violation of international human rights law. We strongly recommend states amend their penal codes and no longer impose the death centers for any crimes including for drug-related offenses. In recent years we have seen a sharp increase in reports of extrajudicial killings of people perceived as a user of drugs or otherwise involved in the illicit drug trade. And I want to be very clear here, every human being, every human being, accused of an offense has the right to do process in a court of law. And anyone who is responsible for killing such a person, whether or not the perpetrator or those responsible are agents of the state is committing a serious offense that must be investigated, prosecuted and sanctioned. People who use drugs are also frequently subjected to arbitrary detention or related abuses by law enforcement agencies. Compulsory drug detention centers are inconsistent with human rights laws, often involving multiple forms of human rights abuse and they require comprehensive review and replacement with voluntary services in the community. We also receive frequent reports that people who use drugs are required by police to give money or sex in exchange for not being arrested. And members of minority communities or people of African descent or LGTBI people may also be targeted for discriminatory policing in violation of their human rights. People do not lose their human rights because they use drugs. They have the same right of all of us, to life, to health, to non-discrimination, to freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention, and to freedom from torture and other forms of ill treatment among others. It is important to ensure that drug policies and programs take into account the specific circumstances faced by women and girls in this context. This includes a very sharp increase in the number of women in prison in many countries, which is frequently due to rising numbers of women being incarcerated for drug-related offenses, although in many cases the role was non-violent and relatively minor. Their high rate of convictions may be due in part to failure to ensure that the administration of justice is gender sensitive. Taking into account factors such as women's relatively lack of access to effective legal representation of poverty and gender-based violence. Excellencies, last year 31 principals of agencies and entities in the UN system adopted a UN system common position to provide coordinated support to member states on human rights, rule of law, public health, development, and security matters in the context of drugs. It seeks to promote prevention and treatment, including harm reduction, and enhance action by justice and law enforcement system to stop organized crime and protect rather than target people who use drugs. I strongly encourage member states and civil society, health professionals, and others to support the work of the UN coordination task team in rebalancing drug policies towards a public health approach. People who have fallen into the trap of drug dependency need help to rebuild their lives. Government policies should not become a greater threat to their well-being than the drugs which they're using. Disproportionate and unjust punishment can only increase their suffering and drive them into a deeper marginalization and misery. I have no doubt that principled and comprehensive policies which respect dignity, human rights, and justice will reduce both demand and supply, protect health, and as envisaged in the outcome document of the 2016 UNGAS of the World Drug Problem, contribute to achieving the sustainable development goals. But they will also help to build more respectful governance and justice systems and societies and may help to repair some of the profound human misery and trauma which so often can be found in the experiences of people who become dependent on drug. And we will be with you on harm reduction and supporting all the interventions that you're doing. Thank you so much.


Hey everyone and welcome to Nora's Cove. I'm Yashida. I know I've been missing for a couple of weeks just life. I have no excuse. I have no excuse but I'm here now. So I'm gonna be quick and thorough today. You guys the past couple weeks have been very very slow in every business that I own and I'm out here using my credit cards to survive and I'll just be straight up honest with you and I'm gonna be back in debt and I just raised my score and it's slowly you know drifting away. Excuse me. I am slightly under the weather but not really like I don't know if sinuses allergies but I'll live. So this is the past two weeks like I was going to do this week with you guys. This one I just went and did it after everything was done. So I made $5.95 current number one came out excuse me canva booth rent and chase okay and we had supposedly $149 left and then this one I just did before I filmed because I was going I had planned to film this with you guys and yeah last week I made an even $500 $30 in nails and that was a total of $530. I had to use my credit card to pay my T-Mobile because it was behind from excuse me a couple weeks ago but we did get uplift pay capital one paid I assume HP came out the gym got its money and then booth rent that was a struggle I mean that was like oh my god so let's go on to this week and happy Juneteenth to those who celebrate or want to celebrate I'm just going to use this 992 here and just highlight some things for those who likes a little color yeah I don't know what's going on I just think I just got a little algae going on here so it'll be June 20th through let me check my calendar here the 26th okay let me kind of zoom in here and I'm going to also be looking at my monthly over here in my a6 so that I can see exactly what's going on this week so let's zoom in okay so first up our source is his hair nails Norris Cove and miscellaneous and the way things have been going I'm just going to put $500 down here for hair I would love to go back up to my 750 but um don't look like that's going to work um right now I don't see any nails um Norris Cove I don't see anything miscellaneous I'm putting down 150 my sister sent me $150 they'll move my car note so that's income so we have $650 here and let's get into this bills this week so my car note actually was supposed to came out on the 18th which was no excuse me 17th which was Friday because Monday being a holiday and my car note is due on Monday they normally come out a day early because it comes through the weekday but they will try again if they can't get it out and I really want them to get it so I just have to put $30 to it so let's just put the 20th and car note number two you know it has been a struggle I've like I said I've been buying grocery with my credit card um I started a garden I've blown it up invested in the garden let's see what else we have going on the last day of school is this week oh Netflix um oh and some things that I paid last week that will be coming out today which is not today this week city bank I'm going to put them on the 21st city bank okay I think I gave them 40 bar clays I think I gave them like 70 might have been 75 I'm gonna put 70 we gotta put booth right down yeah I don't know what's going on and I just need to figure out something to help bring in some income I guess I'll you know I just need to break you know on some things but this is what we got so far from what I could see we have I have t-mobile down here matter of fact let me just put t-mobile here for 100 I'm not putting dates on the side of these because um I know that city bank and bar clays will come out um probably the Monday or Tuesday and then the t-mobile if there if it's there I'll put it down and also I have Netflix um which is only like $15 and I just send that to my husband because he really pays that but I that's my little effort my chip in okay so let's do some calculating we have $656 and 60 cents wow well prayerfully I'll make more than the 500 but that's it this this week you guys I really want to get back into my cash envelope stuff and but as you can see I'm not working with anything at all so that is it for this week's budget but I definitely wanted to film this because I really hadn't been doing it and I felt that is why my money was kind of off and it's just it just really wasn't there but I felt like if I wrote it down I could see it for the week I can kind of project and when I do my budget like this with you guys excuse me when I do my budget with you guys I really get a clear view of what's going on what I have coming for the week and it kind of sticks in my mind I hadn't been doing it so I was like and I just happened to see the date about my workplace and I was like oh my god I almost missed that so I was like no I gotta go back to if I do nothing else on this channel I have to do my budget so that's that um let's pop this in so yeah I'm just gonna get back on track like I said prayerfully some more income comes in this week and again as always I'll be doing an overview of this week next week so it was a little quick and to the point um today but that's all that we really have like I said I'm trying to think of something else to drum up income like I'm starting my little garden now and I thought about I said well I've invested a lot into this garden of course using my credit cards but I said well maybe how can I profit from my garden if I do the size and maybe I can sell the fruits I don't know maybe when they start you know harvest and maybe I can harvest the fruit and vegetables and sell them I don't know but right now it's just kind of like a hobby thing for me but um that is it if you enjoyed today's video and you would love to see more videos like this from me please do me a favor hit that subscribe button also hit that notification bell and I'll see you guys in my next video bye


Thank you very much for the introduction. I'm Susana Loshkovskaya, I'm a professor at the Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering at Sierra Land Methodist University in Skopje, North Macedonia. I'm by background, I'm an engineer and my story with OER started three years ago with the Open Education for Better World project as a hobby and now it's more systematic approach, more systematic research or field of interest for me. I will discuss something that I'm very familiar now that are augmented reality and virtual reality technologies for all years because I'm teaching virtual realities in 2008 at my faculty. In order to define what I will talk about, I will start from the very common definition of open educational resources. I will not repeat the definition, but I will use the activities that can be done with OERs according to the defined or fulfilled circumstances. Having this in mind that we can do something with these OERs, the major questions that I'm trying to answer here are which technology is required to use or renews OERs, where to retain and how to redistribute these kinds of materials and what is necessary to develop, remix or revise the materials. I will start with the definition of both terms, virtual reality and augmented reality and what is interesting, there are a lot of definitions, they all seem similar, but they're quite different in their meaning. I will use the definitions that are more common for me and that are more acceptable for me. According to the most acceptable definition for me, virtual reality is a meteor that is composed of interactive computer simulation that sends the participant position and actions and replace or augment the feedback to one or more senses, giving the feeling of being mentally immersed or present in the simulation. That means we have a technology who tries to convince us that we are on the place that we are really not in. That means we are in a world that doesn't exist, but we feel that it exists. On the opposite side, augmented reality is enhanced version of the reality, created by a computer by the use of the technology that overlay digital information on an image to something being viewed through the device. But this definition is not completely enough for me, so I will add some statements from Azuma, one of the pioneers in the field to this definition that augmented reality in fact combines real worlds with virtual objects, that means adds virtual into the real world and it seems that it is completely in the full world. It is interactive in real time and registered in 3D means that all virtual objects are placed on the proper place in an appropriate time. In order to define the technology we need to define first the key elements of each of these technologies. The key elements for the virtual reality include a virtual world, immersion, sensory feedback and interactivity. A virtual world is the content of the virtual reality, that means it consists of description of the objects and everything that is happening into the virtual world. Two main characteristics are important. The first one is that objects have 3D appearance and behavior and the next is that objects or the world exist independently from the user. We require technology to develop the virtual world and to manage its behavior. Immersion is a term that is not related too much to the technology and it somehow measures the feeling of the user, how much he is present in the virtual environment. You can use the technology but you will not feel the present in the virtual technology but you can also read the book and you will be fully immersed if the topic is completely interesting for you. Sensory feedback is related to the way how the virtual world presents the output to the user. In fact, if any virtual world will react to the user actions but the output will be not standard output devices of the computer system, the output will be sensory that will stimuli sensory system of the humans. The stimuli can be visual, audio, tactile or factory, even the taste. We need technology to generate those stimulus to the proper sensory system of the of the participant and finally interactivity. You cannot consider a system to be a virtual reality if it's not interactive. A virtual world should react to the user comments similarly like real world. That means at least a virtual world should react of the change of the viewing point of the user. That means if you turn around the virtual world will react by presenting different view of the scene of the world where you are placed. So if we are going to the 3D Max Studios we are experiencing in fact 3D. We have a 3D experience. We do not have any interactivity because everything is prerecorded and we have only 3D experience with the world that is presenting to us. We need technology also for the interactivity. Let's look at the technology. It's not a complete slide. I do not want to scare you. I purposely omitted the computer itself. That means the processing unique and all its characteristics will be skipped in my definition. Then I will not discuss about all of these things that are written in the slide. I will discuss about the most specific things that are currently used in the attempts or the projects related to the OER in education in the world. We have a virtual world. We can interact with the virtual world by giving some input. That means taking some actions and the virtual world will respond by presenting some output to the user. Related to the input we can divide the devices or the technology into main categories. The first one is tracking device. The second one are user actions. We can use classical or specially designed input devices for user actions. We can use speech as input. We can use haptic equipment. Haptic in fact are specially designed devices that in fact take commands by force or using the human tactile system. But I will point out more about the tracking devices. I previously mentioned that at least we need the tracking device in the virtual environment to become interactive. Why? Because this tracking device in fact monitors the position and orientation of our eyes and defines how it will render or present which view of the virtual world will be rendered or presented to the user. Tracking device can provide two different kinds of information for the virtual world. This is the position of the tracked object and the orientation of the tracked object. According to which body part should be tracked at minimum the hat should be tracked because it is the most important what to represent to the user. But if you are using gesticulation for interaction, usually even the hands and other parts of the human body will be tracked. Again, it's not necessary always to provide both information about the position and orientation. It depends which kind of virtual reality system to use. In the low cost virtual reality or non-immersive virtual reality when you are using the ordinary computer system, usually you are tracking only the position of the hat because it is supposed that you are looking at the computer screen when you are working with the virtual world.  So the orientation is the most important part. When we are looking at the point of output of the virtual reality system, we can also divide the signals that will be generated or presented to the users according to the sensory that will be generated. We will not discuss about audio and haptic equipment. Audio uses speakers or earphones or earpads to generate stimuli. Haptic equipment uses force or tactile information to transfer the result. But we will discuss about the visual devices. The point is that the objects in virtual world should exist in 3D. So to the user, we cannot present a two-dimensional image of 3D work. We should present a 3D virtual world. In that context, a very simple trick or very simple approach is used. The virtual system presents a picture or an image of the world for each two different images of the world for each eye of the user. So the images could be presented on a computer monitor. Projectors could be used also to project the images on the wall or some other surface. We can use a stack of the monitors to project the images and so on. The main point here is in order to sort out which image should be presented to which eye we require additional technologies that are special designing glasses, which can be developed in different kinds of technologies, use different approaches, how they will separate the picture for the left or the right eye. There are additional two technologies that can be used to present the output to the first out of stereoscopic devices. This is the new approach in the research where you will not require any additional glasses, but additional optics will be used in front of the computer display in order to sort out or to split the image for each of the eyes. And finally, something that we really connected with the virtual reality are so-called HMDs or head mounted devices. They're headsets equipped with the two displays, one for each eye, and the images are presented for each eye separately. They use also the optic to properly present the image to the user. And these headsets can be equipped with tracking sensors, airpods or airpones in order to provide audio signal and so on. At present, the most probably frequently used... Five minutes left. Oh, I'm sorry. The most used virtual reality system is a mobile virtual reality system that has a minimal, with minimal configuration, it uses a smartphone and internal sensors for tracking. A smartphone display is used to present the pictures. This slide presents several examples, and thinking into account the time that I have spent, I will skip to the most important part of the rest of the slides. The key elements of the IRX experience, IRX application that takes the input from the world, combines the logic of the system and presents the output. The content is similarly defined as in the VR interaction, minimal interaction requires tracking of the user, and physical work is part of the IR system. Again, we have the similar way of input and output devices for the artificial augmented reality here. The tracking system is required in order to take the information where the user is looking at and to provide this information to the processing unit in order to present the properly the output of the system. We can use classical display or we can use any equipment for virtual reality to present the output of the system. Here is also several examples, HoloLens as a standalone headset and mobile IR which uses smartphone to present the IR information. When we are discussing about the software technology, we have three different points to discuss about. The first one is the tools for content development. That means the tools that we are using for developing the content on the virtual or augmented reality part of the virtual world. Then development tools that connects everything inside the one system and finally the application that considers the management of everything into the final system. That means application takes the input, process the output and renders the world. The next two slides, in fact, somehow are not intended to provide you a very big information about what is going on with virtual development tools but to ask us how you will select the development tools. You need to ask yourself which equipment your user will use, on which platform the system will be deployed, or which platform you will use to develop the system, what is the price of the tool, do you need a programming experience or an additional programmer and who will develop or modify the system. This is similar with augmented reality development tools. Taking into account the last point about the repositories, we can find assets or digital description of the objects into the virtual world from the public repositories or development tool repositories free of pay. We can use even the public repositories that we use for downloads but there is no general purpose repository into the, like for example, Merlot or any other elements. Mostly repositories are project related websites and applications with several characteristics. Websites, services, world viewers, development tools, repositories, they also provide applications that are available from mobile platforms. Some websites offer a viewer experience if you have a viewer set and are related to the specific topic. Examples are given on the slide. Susana, can you wrap up? Finally, this is my last slide. I'm sorry. And finally, this is my conclusion around about virtual technology. It's a dedicated technology and software is required. Technology can be very costly. Users should learn the technology. Users and teachers also need to figure out how to use the technology and how to incorporate the technology in their courses. Sometimes courses should be redesigned. It takes time. It can be time consuming and costly. You need a special developer that will face the problem of how to select proper developing tools. If you want your resource to be accessible for multiple platforms, you need additional work and it's not optimal just to transfer the content from one platform to another platform. My ultimate wish, all who are lovers to start French will know what I'm thinking about for VR is the existence of Holodeck and for augmented reality. Thank you very much. I have to stop you now.


Coming up on DTNS, Amazon joins the drone delivery game. Netflix lowers the paywall just a bit, and IFA is on in Berlin. That means new Lenovo tablets and the first hot new trend. Is it cheap phones? This is the Daily Tech News for Monday, August 31st, 2020, in Los Angeles, I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Redwood, I'm Sarah Lane. I'm the show's producer, Roger Chang. Our wider show, our expanded show, Good Day Internet covers all kinds of things, more tech news, more talk. We were just discussing why you shouldn't feed squirrels or trust them. You can get that wider show at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. Walmart announced the sale of two of its online brands, shoes.com and lingerie brand, Bare Necessities. The private equity firm Critical Point Capital acquired shoes.com and Bare Necessities will go to the Israeli apparel maker, Delta Gallel Industries. Although items from both brands will still be available through Walmart's third-party marketplace site. Walmart sold its modcloth clothing brand back in October, also shuttered jet.com earlier this year. According to Bloomberg sources, however, Walmart isn't considering selling any of its remaining e-commerce sites. Raising a little cash for something, tic-tac, tic-tac. Google and Facebook announced they will revise their proposal for the Pacific Light Cable Network under C Internet Cable. It will no longer include Hong Kong, citing privacy concerns raised by the president's administration. A revised proposal now calls for the companies to run cables to the Philippines and Taiwan. In June, the US Justice Department asked the FCC to deny the link to Hong Kong. Google announced a new mode for Android tablets called KidsSpace, which provides kid-friendly features, content and UI as well as parental controls. KidsSpace will include a customizable avatar, offer apps through dedicated make, play, read and watch tabs with parents able to add apps through the Google Play Store. Parents can also manage KidsSpace through the Google's Family Link app, and the first device with KidsSpace will be Lenovo's Tab M10HG Gen 2 with more devices planned in the future. More on that tablet in a minute. Samsung has started mass production of fast 16 gigabit LPDDR5 mobile RAM chips, the first memory to be made using extreme ultraviolet lithography. That gigabit is a measure of speed of the RAM. The chips are 16% faster than 12 gigabit chips, and about 30% thinner when you make a 16 gigabyte package out of them. Back on August 28th of Remember That Day, Apple terminated the developer account of Epic Games with all remaining Epic titles now removed from Apple's App Store. The move comes in response to Epic's violation of Apple's guidelines regarding in-app payments and Epic's ongoing lawsuit against the company. As ruled by a judge in the lawsuit, Epic's secondary developer account, which manages the Unreal Engine, is still active while the legal proceedings continue. Yeah, I remember there are multiple developer accounts, and so this is exactly what we expected. Everybody freaked out when this came out, like, oh, they're banning them after all. No, the judge said, you can keep Fortnite out of your App Store, you can't shut off the developer account that lets them do Unreal Engine, and that's exactly what happened. 5G works fastest in millimeter wave spectrum, but that spectrum also has short transmission distance, or it did, Qualcomm announced its millimeter wave transmission technology has achieved a 3.8 kilometer transmission distance in a test in Victoria, Australia, using a Snapdragon X55 modem and the QTM 527 antenna under ideal conditions, of course, but still, that's twice the range it previously promised. The transmission does not work for mobile uses, like phones, but it does work for fixed wireless systems like your home broadband modem. Little more Google News. Google is updating Google Images to make it easier to license photos or pictures that are covered by copyright. This can help publishers, photographers, artists, and people in general have better access to photos on the platform. Licensed images provided by a publisher will now appear in search results with a licenseable badge over the thumbnail. All right, let's talk a little bit about what Netflix is trying to do to get a few more people into the tent, launching a watch-free website at netflix.com slash watch-free. It has a selection of original content that could be watched by anyone without an account. Don't need to even log in. Content includes a pre-roll highlighting Netflix's offering, so you gotta sit through that, but then it'll show you stranger things, first episode, Love Is Blind's first episode, When They See Us, Grace and Frankie first episodes, as well as movies like Bird Box, Murder Mystery, and The Two Popes. Watch Free is available on desktop and Android browsers, but not on iOS or smart TVs, and it will prompt you to sign up for Netflix after the show, because that's the whole point here. I think the reason it's not on iOS is because of the way the Safari browser handles the Netflix website. Even if you log into Netflix, you can't watch Netflix video on iOS on Safari, you have to go to the app to do that. So I think there's just something in the way Safari handles the stream that doesn't work, but anything else that treats it like a desktop browser, including Android, will do it just fine, and you can watch some stuff for free. And listen, I mean, as somebody who, I watch a lot of first episodes of shows where I'm like, eh, I'm either in or I'm out. Yeah, you know, it's interesting or it isn't. Netflix doesn't lose a lot here. You know, if you get somebody to be like, stranger things is awesome. I wanna watch the whole thing and I'm going to sign up to Netflix afterwards. Great, if they bounce, then you didn't really lose anything to begin with. You know, you're not getting somebody sort of freeloading off of your content. So yeah, I mean, I thought there's just sort of a curious move when the news came out this morning, but I don't really see why Netflix would fail at all. I mean, you're trying to reach a certain market that was like eh, you know, I'm not sure if we're ready to, you know, part with $10 per month for your service, but maybe we would be if we got hooked on a show. Yeah, Netflix has put first episodes on YouTube before for free. So this is just- Yeah, that's true. This is just a different take on that. I think the YouTube thing's probably more effective because people are more likely to just run across it. Here you have to go seek out this website, but you know, if people are like, let me check out this Netflix thing, but I don't want to sign up. This is the way they can sample it. And you get full movies too. I mean, the first episode thing, like you say, makes perfect sense. You know, give me that free sample and then maybe I'll want to finish it. But you can watch all of Bird Box, all of Murder Mystery with Adam Sandler and Jennifer Aniston and not pay a dime. I guess the idea is you like them so much, you're like, what else do they have in here? Maybe I should sign them. Well, moving on to TikTok news, you thought we'd get through a day without having some TikTok news, but that is not this day. CNBC sources say that TikTok has selected a bidder for its operations in the US, New Zealand and Australia with a deal that could be announced as early as September 1st, which would be Tuesday. On August 28th, the Chinese government updated its list of technologies that requires a government license to export and to include technologies for recommendation of personalized information services based on data analysis. TikTok's parent company, Byte Dan says, it would need a license from the Chinese government to sell TikTok to a US company as the company uses artificial intelligence technology as part of its recommendation engine. That's the twist. The TikTok story has a twist. Yeah, over the weekend, China said, yeah, you're not selling stuff unless you get our approval. So we're adding something to our list of things that require our approval that apply specifically to what you have, which is the algorithm. That's the thing that makes TikTok work, right? Is that algorithm? You don't get that algorithm. You're not getting any of the magic of TikTok. You're just getting a video service. Anybody can do that. So yeah, China stepped in and the question will be, do they just want something or do they wanna scuttle the deal altogether? And I guess we'll find out later this week. Yeah, I wish I could say I knew it was going on, but at this point I'm like, all right, just tell me what you're selling to. Yeah, if you're not watching any of those free Netflix programs, grab your popcorn and watch this because the drama continues. Exactly. The US Federal Aviation Administration announced that it has approved Amazon to operate prime air delivery drones. Finally, welcome Amazon late to the game. Authorization gives Amazon approval to use unmanned aerial vehicles to make deliveries quote beyond line of sight of the operator. In other words, they are now approved to have the drone just go off and you can't see it anymore, which is essential to this sort of situation. In its initial FAA petition, Amazon said drone deliveries would be in low population density areas with packages that weigh less than five pounds. That's pretty standard amongst the folks who are doing this sort of thing, usually suburban areas at best, not city centers. Amazon said it will use its certification to widen its testing. It's been doing some testing on its own properties. Now it can actually go out in the world and do some testing. Amazon has been testing its drone delivery since it did that 60 minutes PR stunt in 2013. UPS, FedEx, Zipline and Wing are among these several companies already with FAA approval for drone deliveries in the United States. And of course, several companies have been operating drone delivery in other parts of the world for a long time, including Interwanda. Zipline's been operating or Wanda medical deliveries for almost a decade now, I think. Also some mail in Switzerland. There's some stuff in the UK. You can, my nephew can order a burrito delivered by drone in Australia for instance, a lot of stuff going on there. You know, besides the kind of like novelty and again, as you mentioned Tom, this is not new. Amazon is not reinventing the wheel here but for so many people who rely on Amazon for like, especially ongoing stuff.  And it's not super heavy, but I don't, you know, if I kind of had this like checkout do you wanna do drone or by land and perhaps the drone delivery, you know, if they're trying to kind of figure out if it's working or not and get people on board is a little bit cheaper type thing. That could- Or faster, yeah. Exactly, faster and cheaper. I mean, if it was more expensive, I don't know who would do it. Well, with Amazon it's always free. Like if you're a prime member you never pay for shipping anyway, right? Sure, sure, sure, sure, that's true. But yeah, I just, I wonder how people are incentivized going forward. Let's say this all starts to work out a little bit better.   What that looks like in the air and how people save, you know, words the company just save. Yeah, I think it increases speed. I think that's the big advantage here is like instead of having to send a truck out which might take an hour or two, which is what Amazon was after before the lockdown they're slowly starting to get back to. You might say it's 20, 30 minutes to get prescription medicine or a burrito or something like that. And of course, the big advance here is Amazon has made a big deal about it this so that a lot of people think the Amazon's the only one doing it even though they haven't been doing it and there's lots of other companies who have and we try to highlight them on DTNS. Amazon moving into it finally with real approval can change this entire game and make it commonplace in a way that it's not right now. And I think that's another thing to pay attention to here. Well, we mentioned that Apple had announced several changes to its App Store review policy at WWDC earlier this year. Two of those changes have now gone live which is interesting considering the news as of late. Apple will no longer delay bug fix updates to apps over guideline violations except for those related to legal issues and will also let developers suggest changes to Apple Store guidelines as part of the App Review Appeals process. Yeah, these were after Hey had its big dispute because remember Hey had bug fixes that got held up because Apple said, yeah, but your app violates our guidelines because it's just an email reader app and you can't actually get the service. And there was a whole thing earlier this year and they said, look, from now on, we won't hold up bug fixes. If you're in our store, we won't stop your bug fixes which actually is one of the reasons they had to suspend the Epic developer account for the App Store. Otherwise, under these new rules they would have to let Epic continue to pick push bug fixes to Fortnite. And I don't think they want to do that. They just want to kick them out all together and tell people not to use it. It's an unsupported app. But these are not in response to Epic in Fortnite. These were planned at WWDC and if anything, they're in response to Hey earlier this year. Right. So yeah, that's one of those weird timing things. I guess Apple already had it in the works so they just had to announce it. I mean, listen, that was June. This is going on September. So good on Apple for making good on things that they said that they would do. And sticking to the timeline. All right, head of IFA in Berlin. By the way, someone in our chat room in Twitch was asking if IFA is partly in person, small crowds, very limited in person, mostly virtual, mostly online. But in Berlin, ahead of IFA, Lenovo announced a slew of new products including a new flagship laptop line, the follow-up to the beloved Yoga C940 is in the Yoga 9 series, including the convertible two-in-one Yoga 9i available in 14 and 15 inch models. 15 inch model offers up to a 10th generation Intel i9 processor, two Thunderbolt 3 ports and can be equipped with an Nvidia GTX 1650 Ti Max-Q GPU. The 14 inch 9i offers Intel's Tiger Lake CPUs and Thunderbolt 4. So that's your C940 follow-up. Both will be all aluminum with a glass palm rest and an optional leather-covered lid. The line will also include a non-convertible 0.54 inch thick 14 inch Yoga Slim 9i. That will be called the IdeaPad Slim 9i in North America. It has similar specs to the non-Slim 9i, the standard 14 inch Yoga 9i, but the Slim is only 2.77 pounds. The Yoga 9i's come out in October with the 14 inch 9i starting at $1,399. Of course, that doesn't give you those max specs. You gotta pay more for that. They haven't said how much, but you gotta pay more. The 15 inch will start at $1,799 and the Slim will come out in November starting at $1,599. Lenovo also announced a gaming laptop, the Legion Slim 7i with Nvidia's RTX 2060 Max-Q graphics and Thunderbolt 3 support for eGPU The Slim here refers to the fact that it weighs 3.9 pounds and is 18 millimeters thick. So Slim is relative to other gaming laptops that can handle at RTX 2060. The Legion Slim 7i starts at $1,329 against starts at that coming in time for the holidays. There's also a couple of new tablets, a second generation Tab M10 HD and an all new Tab P11 Pro, both running Android 10. The M10 is kind of similar to the previous N10, aluminum and glass construction, but the resolution is less, 1280 by 800. They do add in Dolby Atmos speakers and it's serving as the launch for that Google Kids space project that Sarah mentioned earlier in the show. That's the curated profile into Kids. The new Tab M10 HD arrives in October for 130 bucks so it's not super pricey. The Tab P11 Pro is higher end. That one has 11.5 inch screen, 2K HDR10 display, Snapdragon 730 system on a chip, dual front and rear cameras, LTE, Bluetooth 5, Wi-Fi 5 and can be equipped with a separate Lenovo Precision Pen 2 and a trackpad equipped keyboard cover. But without those, the P11 Pro is $499 available in November. So that's similar to an iPad. Finally, the last product Lenovo announced is the Smart Clock Essential, a $50 Smart Clock with Google Assistant built in. It uses LEDs, like a good old fashioned LED alarm clock to show the time. So no screen other than that. It can also show you what date is, the weather and the current temp. It does not have a full LCD display. It does include dual microphones though so you can talk to Google Assistant. It's essentially a smart speaker with an LED alarm clock display. Single three watt speaker arriving in September as we said for 50 bucks. We're gonna get more of these kinds of announcements coming out of IFA. Any of these Lenovo products turn your head? I'll tell you that Smart Clock Essential, I'm like, this is exactly what I need by my bed. Just the clock. Right now. Yeah, well, it's less than 50 bucks. But just, I can't tell you how many times I'm sort of like, in the middle of the night, where's my phone? What time is it? I don't know what I'm doing. I need something like this that's simple, has an assistant built in so you can do some stuff. But is not too fancy. As far as laptops, I don't know. I mean, we're getting to the point where you read off the specs of Lenovo's new Yoga Lion and it's like, these look really nice. They're not cheap, but they look really nice. Do you need a new laptop? Do you want something from this particular company? The Lions are getting a little bit more blurred to me than they ever have before. Because it was, again, and I sort of had an Apple whore. But it was like, oh, well, if you want Apple, you're just going to pay more. And everyone was like, that's so dumb. Why would you do that? But now you have all these other products that are really nice and provide options that you wouldn't necessarily get on another ecosystem. But they're not super discounted either.  Yeah, and this Lenovo line looks great. The C940 was very popular. And it looks like the Yoga 9i and the 9i Slim will be popular as well. Yeah, and Android tablets certainly not popular, but a lot of people are going to need them for school. And so Lenovo having a couple of new options out there. Yeah, these are not light your hair on fire exciting products. They're serviceable, good, decent products. They deserve credit as such. But yeah, they're not the ones that are going to get all the influencers talking on the Instagram about how it's pretty there. If you want to get all the tech headlines each day in about five minutes, be sure to subscribe to DailyTechHeadlines.com. All right, a few other announcements coming in advance of IFA. And I think we're seeing our first big trend out of IFA in Berlin. It's budget phones. Motorola announced its first 5G phone for the US market, the Motorola One 5G. This is a 6.7 inch phone with a 90 Hertz refresh rate, FHD plus display. You know, nothing fancy, but it's nice. Snapdragon 765G processor, four gigs of RAM, 128 gig storage, micro SD card slot, 5,000 milliamp hour battery, a 3.5 millimeter headphone jack.  NFC front of device has a dual hole punch camera, 16 megapixel main, eight megapixel ultra ride. The rear has four cameras, including a 48 megapixel pixel binned main camera, an eight megapixel ultra wide, a two megapixel depth sensor, and a five megapixel macro with an integrated ring light. The phone also features a power touch side button with fingerprint reader. And you can customize that with different functions based on how you swipe or tap it, nifty. The Motorola One 5G will be sold through AT&T and Verizon in the US and will offer a special millimeter wave variant if that's the service you're getting from those. Motorola did not announce exact pricing, but said it will sell for less than $500. So this is a mid-range phone. Samsung also made its mid-range 6.7 inch Galaxy M51 available for pre-order in Germany. They're selling it for 360 euros in one cent. I don't know why, I didn't quite catch that. Maybe someone can explain it to me. It runs on a Snapdragon 730 chip, but the feature that differentiates this is not only the 360 euro and one cent price, but it's got a 7,000 milliamp hour battery in it. Yeah. And then Qualcomm announced a follow-up to its gaming focused mid-range chipset, the Snapdragon 730G. That's the one that's in the Pixel 4a. This new platform is the 732G with a clock speed that's 2.3 gigahertz up from 2.2. 15% improvement in graphics rendering over the 730. The CPU is built on the eight nanometer process, has two performance cores, six efficiency cores. The 732G is launching on a new Poco smartphone. That's a sub-brand from Xiaomi. So yeah, it feels like, I mean, obviously we're gonna get other products being announced there, but it feels like the opening salvo is, we know you all don't have a lot of money, but here you can have a nice phone without spending a lot of money. Well, and you know what? I appreciate that because in this day and age, I would like a nice phone without spending a crap ton of money. It's funny, it's like you rattle through the specs and again, it's like there are certain things that someone is going to want from a phone and not every phone will deliver. They're not all exactly the same phone, but they're so similar at this point. And getting like a really strong battery and again, that headphone jack for some folks in the Motorola arena, people are gonna be like, yay, thank you. It has sucked for us otherwise. This stuff, it looks nice, integrated ring light. Kind of interesting, like okay, well, selfie cameras were always like the crappier camera because it's like, well, the good camera's in the back because you're normally going to be pointing at something else besides yourself, but then there's a selfie camera for this and that. Wouldn't even call it the selfie camera until not that long ago. But knowing that people are more and more, especially in the mobile interface, using these tools to work is interesting to a little gimmicky, I suppose, but to see what companies are coming through for folks in that arena. Yeah, we've talked before on TTNS about the idea that mid-range phones are kind of becoming the popular ones here, that they are certainly, for a while they've sold better than the flagship phones unit-wise, but you make more money off the flagship phones because they sell for more. And also the flagship phones set the tone and make somebody who's like, oh, I'd really love to have that top-level iPhone, but maybe I'll just buy the SE and then eventually I'll get close. But I wanna be in the ecosystem as a halo effect like that. It feels like this is validation that that mid-range trend certainly has got momentum behind it. And companies are paying more attention to the fact that, hey, you know what? Some of these companies like Xiaomi and Samsung make a lot of money off those mid-range phones because they sell so many of them. Right, right. And so you're seeing Motorola kind of try to get into that and say, hey, and they're not the first to do this, to say, hey, you can still have 5G service as it rolls out without having to break the bank. That is not a flagship phone feature. We can put that modem in here.  Now it's just like, oh, okay, I can get any kind of a condo box and it will have power windows or power locks, power steering, air conditioner. So you're saying that Motorola 5G is the Camry of phones? Yeah, in a way, I mean, I think it speaks to how mature, at least in North America, the cell phone market is that all these things are now kind of expected. Like, I want a decent camera. I don't want to suffer through a very poor quality camera, but I can't afford a super amazing camera, but something that does better than something three years ago. Yeah, I mean, the AC comparison is a good one, right? It's like, people are like, I need to take good photos. I don't necessarily need like that much storage. So, you know, or maybe battery life is not as important to me as it would be. My RAM could be smaller. Seems like battery life is one they're able to put in these mid-range phones, but RAM is always smaller. Your phone's going to be slower if you get these mid-range phones. Right, right. It's funny, it's like, it really comes down to like, there's a lot of marketing play that goes into this at this point because certain companies do better in certain regional markets. We know this already, but as more phones are available that are pretty good and pretty similar price plan, it's like, all right, how do you figure out how to market to folks who have roughly the amount of dollars that they need to buy one of your phones or a competitor? Yeah, if you like mid-range phones, maybe we should start a mid-range phone channel in our Discord. Maybe we should. I'd be in there. If you wanna join the conversation or Discord, talking about mid-range phones or anything else, you can join by linking to a Patreon account at patreon.com slash DTNS. Let's check out the mountain. Let's do it.  Thanks everybody for sending those in. First one comes from Drew in Rainy, Kentucky Bluegrass. Hello, Drew. Says, per the conversation around sticking that camera behind the display, that whole camera under the display, no notch, no nothing. Drew says, here's the biggest win, FaceTime IOS. The major issue today with FaceTime or Zoom or all those front-facing camera video conference apps with smartphones is that weird looking slightly above or below the screen. That makes video conferencing awkward. Apple tested this in iOS 13 developer beta, an AI eyeball adjustment specifically to combat this weirdness. I didn't know that, Drew, thank you for letting me know, but it didn't make it into the final release. Moving the camera behind the screen gives the potential to stick it just in the mid-screen. So you're looking at the other party in their eyes. I'm excited for the potential. We'll see if it can deliver. Yeah, I was excited for that AI adjustment too, but then I was also nervous like, but what if I don't want that? Cause I have so many setups where I don't need it to. And AI quite often thinks it's smarter than it is. Just put in the phone in the middle, you're right, Drew, that absolutely helps it. It also helps folks like this emailer who didn't give us their name, but we asked who cares about notches. And one of our emailers wrote, I am the guy. I'm the guy that refuses to use any display that has a notch or hole punch. I use a Pixel 3. I wanted the 3 XL, but I didn't get it because notch. I think iPhones are great. Won't get one now cause notch. I won't buy the Pixel 4a or the upcoming five probably because of hole punch displays. I am the type of person that cannot watch TV or a movie with subtitles cause I find myself reading everything instead of paying attention to the action even though I can hear just fine. The times I have used a phone with a notch, I found myself staring at the notch instead of what's happening on the screen. It's an ugly, cluggy way of engineering and I think they were lazy for it. I am fine with a forehead or a chin on a phone as long as my display is uninterrupted. If the tech is perfected for under display cameras, I would be fine with that. If I had to have a phone at this moment, I would get an iPhone SE, affordable price, no notch. Well, there you go. I wondered how you felt out there, whoever you were, and thank you for letting us know. I know, I was so excited to get this cause he was like, it's me, I'm the guy. And you know, like even though there are a lot of things where I'm like, I just wouldn't bother me. I feel your passion and I know you're not alone. Shout out to patrons at our master and grandmaster levels. They aren't alone, but today we're highlighting Jeffrey Zilx, Steve Ayadarola, and Chris Allen. And you could be on that list. If you joined up at that level, you get all kinds of other perks as well. DailyTechnewshow.com slash Patreon. Go check it out. You not only get, I mean the biggest thing you get is supporting the show directly. If you get value out of the show, you can give some value back, but you also get an ad free RSS feed. You get a few other pieces of content. You get some content early. You get access to bigger shows if you want them. You don't have to though, you can just get DTNS. Again, DailyTechnewshow.com slash Patreon. If you have emails that you'd like to send us, please do, cause we love reading them. Our email address is feedback at DailyTechnewshow.com and we are live Monday through Friday, 4 30 p.m. Eastern, 20 30 UTC. You can find out more at DailyTechnewshow.com slash live. 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Agriculture Minister Hon. Alfred Prospe, alongside agriculture development officers of the Taiwan ICDF, interfaced with farmers as they took advantage of the subsidized agricultural input sale on the grounds of the Union Orchid Center earlier this week. Minister Prospe, in assuring farming constituents that his team of agriculture and food production leaders continue to work on initiating incentives to assist with access to affordable implements, says the Agriculture Ministry through the Seven Crops Project will maintain the schedule established for the input sales every two months. Ensuring that sinducia can sustainably provide its citizens with healthy food options comes at a price, and as the Agriculture Minister explains, the government stands prepared to make the adjustments where necessary to ensure farmers get the support needed to efficiently grow food. And it is really about helping farmers, you know, in terms of a subsidy on fertilizers, crates and pitmots and other farm inputs that is currently going on here. Our farmers have been struggling months past because they are complaining and have been complaining about the high cost of inputs. And the Seven Crops Program is really targeting vegetable farmers today. You know, I am aware that they can get the 25 Kg bag of fertilizer for around $60. It is now being sold at $105, $150 and they are getting it at a subsidized price. I can see they are very excited in my discussion with some of them, they are very happy to benefit from this exercise.  It is because I am concerned about the client of the farmers. I want them to make a profit and continue to make a profit. Chief of the Taiwan Technical Mission, Daniel Lee says, his organization will keep the momentum going by supporting the framework for food security being developed by the island's agricultural leaders. The subsidized agricultural input sale is but one activity to directly address the financial hit been sustained by the farmers who are charged with providing wholesome crops for consumption. In poor sales, it is very important for farmers, especially nowadays, everything the price goes up. The inflection, no matter the fossil fuel, the ocean freight, air freight and the fertilizer itself. Every price goes up makes the cultivation very difficult. The farmers suffer from very high input costs. So the Taiwan Technical Mission, especially the second phase of the second project, we hope through the input sale can facilitate the farmer to reduce the input cost to have the more production and more income and benefit. Tuesday's input sale is being regarded as a successful undertaking, making it a staple in the slate of activities to help address the rising cost of agricultural and farming inputs on the island. From the communications unit of the Ministry of Agriculture, this is Amanda Ficklock reporting.


Alright, thank you all for coming. This is a lot more people than I was expecting. For those of you who don't know me, my name is Brian Stinson. Thank you for coming to this talk. In all honesty, this is Brian Stinson's talk. He could not make it. He is stuck traveling, so I am going to do my very best to do service to his talk, and we'll see how this goes. We have a number of people in the room to thank for CentOS Stream and for the stuff that we're doing for CentOS Stream, so thank you, Mike and Tim, for not firing me out right at the suggestion for this. I walked into that one. So CentOS Stream, the progress so far. Let's talk a little bit about what people think happens when they look at CentOS as you know it traditionally, as you look at Fedora, and as you look at Rell. Brendan Connoboy has given a number of variations on this talk with his Penrose Triangle for trying to explain things. I was told that if I use the Penrose Triangle diagram one more time, I was going to be shanked, so this does not have the MCSher drawings in it. There is no triangle here. See? Alright, thank you. Welcome. The traditional feedback loop from CentOS to Fedora, if it happens at all, because that's kind of a painful loop, takes forever. So the real happening here is the back and forth in Bugzilla, bugs.CentOS, people who file bugs against CentOS for what they perceive as Rell bugs tend to need to be duplicated, then refiled again in Bugzilla. The patches get ignored if there are patches submitted. There's a lot of stuff here. It's a lot of back and forth. I don't need to read the slides to you. It's kind of complicated. The releases for how this works are fairly painful. This kind of describes the majority of the workflow around it. Bullet number two is kind of where things fall down. It stops a lot of the time. Sometimes the package maintainer stops being responsive. Sometimes they look at it as, oh, it's CentOS. It's not really Rell. I don't need to care about that. There's a variety of stuff back and forth. None of it actually benefits the end user in any case. And so that's part of what we want to change. Because helping the end user benefit CentOS, it benefits Rell. This has follow-on effects across our entire ecosystem. One of the things that we do see in CentOS periodically, users will jump between CentOS, Fedora, and Rell. And so one user has a bad experience in one side, and they equate that to other pieces of the ecosystem. And that doesn't really help anyone. So what we want to do, and the way that we've been referring to Stream, is CentOS Stream is what Red Hat intends to put in future versions. And so this is kind of where we started for the design around this. And what would we want a feedback loop to look like? How would we want CentOS users to contribute to the Rell ecosystem in a meaningful way? How does Red Hat see value from what CentOS is providing if they're not getting money? How do we make this work? And so what we want CentOS to be is a very narrowly focused version of what Red Hat intends to put into the next Rell release. It's intended for open contribution. We want the community to be able to provide fixes, feature enhancements, ideas, use cases, commentary. These are the things that we want to see. An example of this would be the newer Python modules that have landed in the beta for Rell 8.2. If you've taken a look at that, there's a new Python module coming out, Python 3.8. If we'd had that in Stream, we could see if that works across the layered products, how that happens, these are some of the things that we're intending to build. Right now, we're already looking at doing that with DNF, with RPM. There's a newer RPM in Stream that supports the Fedora Z standard packaging. So we're able to have a little bit more communication back and forth. These are some of the things that we want to see for enhancements for Stream so that people can get a better idea of what's coming next. And if something is broken, they can let us know. They can help us fix it. We can make the entire ecosystem better. And this is a great way to notice and test against features that are about to come into Red Hat or into Rell and for Rell to get feedback from real-world use cases before it lands in the production setup. I'm sorry? Can you explain that a bit more? For Stream, OK, I'm being told I have to repeat the question and I'm bad about this. There are two next minor releases for Rell. There's a 7x, there's an 8x. For the purposes of Stream, we don't care about 7x. For Stream, we started with 8, and we're moving forward for 8. So 7 is going to continue as it always has. We're not going to mess with it. We're not going to worry about that. We're looking at the development right now for 8. So CentOS Stream is the next minor release for 8. So right now, we're looking at 8.2-ish give or take. There shouldn't ever really be a point in time where you could say this is exactly the snapshot for 8.2. There will always be stuff in flux. But it should give you a rough approximation. I will throw. Since we're allowed to use version numbers, I'm going to throw that to the person who makes the decisions in the back of the room. Mike, would you like to answer that one? So to reiterate that answer for the recording, there's going to be a brief period of time where there's an overlap for transition. But as Red Hat releases the next major version, Stream will then move to track the minor versions of that next major version. So when 9 comes out, there will be a brief transition window. But then we'll start following the 9.1, the 9.2, the 9.1, whatever. It's important to note that we're looking at this for use cases, and we're not intending to jump in the middle of any partner relationships, things like that. This is intended to be very public development, very open stuff. And this is a place where the SIGs, the Special Interest Groups, can consume this work and test things out on stream so that they're sure that it works for that next minor release. This should, in theory, provide a much smaller iterative step for development for the Special Interest Groups and for the layered projects, rather than the big step that they have for the current minor releases where 700 packages shift out from under them on a Tuesday. Instead, it's a lot of little shifts where it's a package here, a package there, as it progresses. So it should cause a better, more even workflow that's always kind of constantly moving. So how do we get to where we want to be for this? Right now, we're doing the initial foundational builds. Stream right now is effectively 8.1 packages with about a half a dozen newer things from what we intend to have in 8.2-ish, we guess. Right now, we've got the newer system D, newer DNF, newer RPM, things like that. We want to get to a place where we're starting to pull, catching up to the rel development for feature development, and then pulling ahead of rel and constantly cycling that through. So we've got a bit of work to do to get there, and this is going to take us a little bit of development time. Right now, we're still doing the source code development, or the source code delivery the same way that we did it for CentOS Linux, where it's take the source RPM, import it into Git, run the build manually. These are all things that we've kind of got to automate as we start working this up. And so we are doing that over the next couple of months to build this automation in so that we can start using Git hooks, triggers, message bus, things like that, to start cycling these builds automatically. There's obviously a lot of technical challenge in that that I'm kind of glossing over if anybody who's maintained a build system would look at me kind of sideways on that one. And as we ramp up, yeah, here's the listing for what we've got so far. We have a few more packages that we're going to be pushing, I believe next week to help increase this list a bit. And this gives us the kind of starting point for what we're looking at doing. Let's see, what else do we have in his slides? Part of the big issue and the challenge that we have to do as part of making streamer reality is a lot of internal to Red Hat policy work. There's a lot of stuff that we've got to work out with the REL engineers, with the subsystem teams who own different components for things, and a lot of structuring that's mostly just kind of cleaning stuff up because on the REL side, a lot of that was never really thought of as a public thing. And as we're moving that development into the public space, we need to make sure that we're not putting inappropriate comments in Git commit messages if anybody's ever sworn for, like my god, I need to fix this typo again, things like that. We want to be a little more conscious about what we're doing, what we're saying, how we're looking at the code, making sure that we're not breaking embargo or anything like that for CVEs. As the automation happens, we'll have more packages catch up. And we expect to be piloting contribution workflows very soon. We know that it's going to be painful early on for the first couple. We're hoping that several of you will bear with us through that pain and help us smooth that process out. The end goal for getting ahead with Stream is a place where Red Hat engineers and the community can work together in a public forum and help do the development. It's still going to be very opinionated. It still obviously has to end up as REL, but we want community members to be able to contribute to offer features, suggestions, things that they'd like to see, lots of workflows, things like that. Are there any questions so far? I know I've rambled kind of quickly at you for this. Really? That's shocking. I thought somebody from the Red Hat org would want to throw something at me, or community people would want to stand up and say, but I've got a fix that I put in a year ago and no one looked at it. So the big thing right now, if you are interested in CentOS, if you are a CentOS user, please go try out Stream. It is available now. It's roughly equivalent to what you're used to working for and it will start to slowly pull ahead. There shouldn't be anything jarring in it. There shouldn't be anything wildly outrageous. All of the traditional promises for the REL-based codes still apply. If you find something that violates anything you would expect to be broken in REL, then obviously it's broken in Stream. Let us know, that's something we want to fix. Yes? So the question was as we pull ahead of REL, how do we handle potential breakage because CentOS has previously been shielded from that? Honestly for a lot of that, it's going to involve public CI and public testing and Steph Walter and his group have been very forthright about being willing to help us set that up, put that in place, but yes, we probably will see a little breakage. Keep in mind that the developers are still REL developers. They're still angling toward, like all the same rules still apply, but you're right, we may see a little bit here and there. That's something that we will work to address as quickly as we can. If it is broken, we will fix it. So right now we are working a transition program for CentOS StreamBugs to be in bugzilla.centos.org. Ben Cotton, who is here in the audience and I am calling you out specifically. Oh, right, I'm sorry, I'm used to doing that said in my head, bugzilla.redhat.com. We have that bug tracking area set up there. Those bugs are going to be essentially tracked and worked there. We expect that there will probably be a private copy of that bug made at least initially while we figure out how to do a lot of this stuff and then it will be answered back in the public section. Do I have that right Ben or do you want to correct me on this? So if you file a bug against Stream in bugzilla.redhat.com now, it will be acknowledged, it'll be efforted. It shouldn't hopefully be a place where you don't get any feedback at all for the next couple of years or whatever. We're desperately trying to avoid that. We know that a lot of people have opinions about bugzilla bugs now and that's not something that we're looking at duplicating. Mike. So the question is what do, so the question is what did the special interest groups do with CentOS Stream? And the answer that I would have is consume it, test it, build against it. Lots of the layered projects that we have over RDO, things like that. I assume that they would want to know if Red Hat is revving a virtualization thing with KVM and it causes breakage in RDO and Stream would be a place for them to see that before it's actually released and to work with Red Hat to get that fixed kind of quickly. The same thing for Ceph, for Cluster and the Storage SIG for other groups. It's a way to work with us within the CentOS build system to test things out, to see what's coming, to make sure that those features are there or if they want to add features in, that's the place to do it. Ceph, if you build software that runs on RHEL and it doesn't necessarily have to be in a special interest group, although we would prefer you working with us on that, CentOS Stream is a way to test and validate and, or not validate, but a way to test and see if it will work on the next RHEL or if there are bugs, things that you may need to change, things that maybe Red Hat has broken that you can work with us for fixes, that sort of stuff. It's a way to get a preview and see what's coming next. Yes? The Stream currently is effectively an 8.1 installer with a much newer kernel and then as an update immediately, you'll see newer DNF, newer system D. Hopefully next week you'll see the newer Python modules if Python is a thing that you're using and the vision is longer term, all of those packages will be slightly ahead, all of it. In bugzilla.redhat.com with CentOS Stream as the project, we are not currently doing base container images for CentOS Stream. What we have discussed doing was taking the UBI that Red Hat already produces and dropping the CentOS Stream repository on top of that, but right now we're just doing, I believe virtual machine images and installers, we're not doing containers for it. If that's something that we need to change, let us know, we're open to feedback and suggestions on this.  We don't have a mainframe so we don't currently run anything on it, so at this point, no. I don't have a spare $3 million to buy one, I'm sorry. Brendan, right now CentOS Stream runs on ARM64, PPC64LE, x8664, and we're not doing ARMV7 yet? Or... Okay, we will have ARMV7 for the CentOS community, we have a couple other things to work out around that. That one will be coming, but it's not there yet. Yes. It will be ARMV7, 8.6, 8.7, 8.9, et cetera, et cetera. Then we don't need that anymore. Well, how can I understand that? I don't see it yet. So part of it is keep in mind that as well as older, I think it was PACE2 and maintenance and hardware, it's just not getting any bigger. So at that point, there's really no sense in having CentOS Stream, because even if there is some major feature that a partner's going to need, generally it's got to be an active guide to get that into CentOS. So keep in mind that for Stream, it really is about new development. Are we going to break your stuff? Do you have something to mod us over? Do you break our stuff? How did that come to your development stuff? Whereas in the older versions of REL, they really do go into the maintenance space. And keep in mind, we haven't actually gone through this. It could be that no PACE needs it all. I mean, we decided we need them on the longer end over that, and we do need them to take it out. You know, that's just what we're planning for right now with the team that we've got and most of that. To loosely reiterate what Mike said for the recording, CentOS Stream right now is fairly experimental. This, we just announced this, what? August, September, somewhere around there? September, and we are still trying to sort lots of this out. The announcement was basically, hey, we want to do this. We're going to do this very publicly. So a lot of the stuff you're asking about, we haven't sorted out the details on it just yet. This is an experiment. Right now, the anticipation is that transition period. Maybe we get enough feedback that we need to extend that slightly. Maybe it's not required. We'll find out when we see more usage and we see what people are doing with it and how they're using it. This is going to be, so the question is, is this expected to work with updates? And this should work kind of the same way you would expect CentOS Linux to work now where you progressively get updates and for the most part with CentOS, we just say it's eight. We don't necessarily want to focus on it's eight, one, eight, two, whatever, because we don't really support those minor versions. So you will get updates, you will see those intermediate builds. Several of the packages that we released, and I'm being told them out of time, so I'll wrap this up quickly. Several of those builds that you see might be intermediate builds. They'll be released, they'll be tested. Red Hat may ship a newer version and will be ahead of that newer version. So yes, you should see updates. You can install it. It will continue to roll forward. Thank you.