Hello. Welcome, everybody. Welcome back from lunch. Hope you got some good food. Got a little re-energized. Welcome to the second afternoon. I'm going to be presenting, sharing, talking with you all about Kubernetes as your cloud control plane. We'll talk about what that means exactly. We'll show how that's realized to some degree today. As we go through it, I'm going to point out some of the things that aren't perfect yesterday and that there's where we can work together to improve. And then we'll wrap by showing how you can build on this pattern yourself and summarizing what's next. So yeah, we'll start off, I guess I just said this introduction. I'll tell you who I am, why I care about this. I've been thinking about this for a lot of years. What exactly is a cloud and what's a control plane? Why is that important that we might want a common one? What life was like before or without Kubernetes? And then we'll jump in a couple demos, how you can use Kubernetes to provision infrastructure, to provision entire applications with infrastructure. We'll hopefully get a chance to at least briefly show how you can build your own extensions for cloud control via Kubernetes operators. And then we'll wrap with what's next. So a little on me, I guess, like I said, why am I interested in this. I've been working in open standards and open source for a good 10, 12 years now. I worked at Microsoft in evangelizing the swagger spec way back in the day and open API and DevOps specs. I worked in Azure for a pretty long time. I'm a resource manager spec. I actually pushed them to open source that and make it an open standard way earlier. Now I participate in CNCF tag app delivery in particular. And if you want to continue these discussions, I think that's a reasonable place to do it. So if you want to find us over there. Yeah, and now I work for Red Hat, great place. They use Kubernetes as the control plane for everything. One of the reasons why I am excited to be with Red Hat. Okay, so before I share kind of a definition for us for cloud control ways, I wanted to ask, does anybody here, when somebody says a cloud, how would you define that? Does anybody want to offer a definition for cloud? I'm just curious. Not cloud, the abstract computing, but a cloud. Yes. Someone else's computer. Someone else's computer. Yeah. Okay. So hosted somewhere else. Anyone else? Okay. So here's my definition of both of these terms. A cloud and I'm just going from what exists out there, AWS, Google, Azure. But this definition is going to extend it further. It's a collection of infrastructure capabilities and services that you can take advantage of to integrate into your app and to utilize. And by this definition, I'm kind of including any service provider like MongoDB and their Atlas servers or Confluent or Red Hat offers a few services too. I'm sure they're happy if I mention them.  The biggest ones like AWS have a lot. And a control plane is the mechanism by which you can control, provision all of those services. So in this graphic, I put down, I just used AWS and I actually have a graphic on Azure on the next page to kind of show if you're managing AWS directly what the control plane looks like. At the heart of it there in the middle is of course AWS's API. And really the things that you work with the API to provision your AWS services underneath. And then there's a couple of layers on top. There's the AWS's own first party libraries and tools. Of course, they have a slew of SDKs. They have cloud formation, which itself builds on the API. They have a CLI and there are a couple other tools as well. And then there's a layer above that where we have the Terraforms and the Pulumis and the cross planes and certain libraries like the Go cloud library, which build on top of further the AWS SDKs. So that kind of comprises the cloud control plane for AWS or at least one perspective on it. Here's Azure looks pretty similar. The difference is that Azure's central services. It is an API, but it's a little more declarative to begin with. Oriented around submitting templates and having an orchestrator reify them. Okay, so this is kind of the world without Kubernetes. And I just wanted to, this is not my best, this is the last graphic I created here. But just to summarize those in the control planes that we have today. There's really those three layers. We could describe them in this way. We could talk about provider specific libraries like SDKs and cloud formation or Azure resource manager. We could talk about things like Terraform and Pulumi. I tried to illustrate this here with that kind of purple column going up from each of the SDKs. The Terraform and Pulumi and cross plane are trying to project the entire API from the underlying cloud providers. They're not trying to genericize that you can't provision a VM in EC2 the same way you would in Azure. But they're also not hiding any of the available features that are in those things for you. That's in contrast to these last four on the bottom generic cloud. Where they are trying, like live cloud lets you provision a compute instance or a storage instance, but tries to do it generically so it works across all the clouds. So I just wanted to bring that up as part of the topic of discussion as we go. So one more kind of graphic illustration of what cloud looks like before or without Terraform. And this, the idea here is, I know it's a lot of tiny text. It's four different patterns for basically deploying a workload, deploying an image or a container instance. The far left one is a task in Fargate described with cloud formation. The middle one is a container instance in Azure described with Azure resource manager templates, ARM templates, if you've heard of those. The top right is a droplet in DigitalOcean provisioned by Terraform, because that seems to be their first class like infrastructure as code. And then finally Kubernetes, that's kind of Google native, I guess you could say. That's what I was thinking. But they're all kind of similar. I mean, you can't see it that well out there, I know. But they all kind of have a version, a type, a list of resources specifying their desired state. But software developers, we know that it doesn't matter if they're close. These are totally different API patterns. If you want to provision these four things, you're going to have different patterns, different processes for each one. And this is the final kind of the ultimate where we end up in this world of multi-cloud that most of us are embracing. Maybe we should ask that question as a question. But as we bring in more providers, and like I said before, the definition that we gave of cloud also kind of highlights this. It's not just AWS in Azure. It's also Confluent in Mongo and whoever you get tomorrow. You got to bring them in also. They have a different API shape for provisioning a database in Mongo. It starts to become a full mesh and it starts to get too hard to manage. So that's kind of stage one. Let's study the stage, kind of the background before Kubernetes where we were getting to. And now I want to kind of present the case for using Kubernetes as the interface to manage all of those clouds. So I accidentally used the wrong template for this deck. You might have noticed I use cloud open instead of container open. But I felt like it was kind of Freudian, you know, appropriate because here I am saying it's not about containers. And that of course that's not that's not exactly true. Kubernetes is all about scheduling containers. But I think a really valuable part and maybe one of the reasons it succeeded has been its API. It's been that common format for describing a pod in this case, resources, things that you want to create. You know, services you want to run in the cloud. I'm going to go ahead and describe some folks maybe familiar with Kubernetes control plane. I'm just going to go ahead and describe these components a little bit more. So the core three components in Kubernetes is own, you know, control plane, if you will, are the schedulers, which do the work of, hey, I've got a container or a pod that I need to run somewhere. I've got a bunch of nodes. Let me tell the node to run it. Communicate through the kubelet and tells it to run. But there are two other important components. One is the API server, which if I would use a more descriptive term, maybe resource manager, comes to mind, no influence by having worked for Azure for 10 years, that it's basically you're admitting, that's all the API server does is you send it a resource, an API resource, it puts it through its admission webhooks and things like that. It decides, okay, this is good for my cluster, I'm putting it in at CD. And then it's done, honestly. That's all the API server does. In fact, you can declare a custom resource and start applying it to putting them into your cluster. I won't do anything, but they'll be admitted by the API server. Behind the API server is your controllers, and that's where they do all the heavy lifting. And basically they're watching for changes to resources through the API server. So anytime you do a kubectl apply, the API server says, okay, we're good, puts it into at CD, notifies controllers, something else has come in, whoever needs to know, now it's your time to check that out and do your work. So it's this paradigm of resource manager, you know, extensible resource manager with a slew of reifying, reconciling controllers. That's what is allowing Kubernetes to become a control plane for so much more, to do so much more. Now I thought it was important here also to call out another big difference between, say, a Terraform and Kubernetes in particular. Remember before we said that one of the paradigms is the Terraforms and Pulumis that project the provider APIs. And a lot of the stuff we're going to see in Kubernetes does that too. There is a little advantage even here for Kubernetes over say Terraform in that Terraform is not continuously reconciling.  It doesn't, in fact it needs to have a TF state file to know what the previous state was so we can get it to the next state. Of course there are projects that are looking to use Terraform in a continuous loop. Reconciliation, make sure everyone understands that concept. That means that when a resource is admitted to the cluster, these controllers look at what's desired, what was specified there. Check the current state of whatever it might not be there yet at all, or maybe it's there but not in the current desired state. Calculate what it needs to do and then apply it out there. Most of these controllers also run on a periodic basis, so they wake up every 10 minutes and say, did it drift out? Okay, let me bring it back, so drift detection. That's like the core of how Kubernetes works is this reconciliation, bringing things back to that desired state. And that's a little difference from say the Terraforms. Even Helm charts will contrast this with operators later on, but Helm charts also you apply them once. They kubectl apply stuff out into your cluster, but they don't necessarily make sure that it stays that way. Okay, so reconciliation a big deal. I even made it a little bigger here, the same graphic. You're running kubectl apply, you're submitting a resource to the API server. It checks, it says okay, writes it into XD or whatever. Then your controller managers at the bottom get notified, hey, something new has arrived. They check out, it does the stuff that's out there now match. If it doesn't, let me figure out what I need to do. So that's core part of how Kubernetes works. And now the culmination. So with Kubernetes's model like this, we can start moving everything behind. I see that my graphic got a little messed up, but I tried to move, one of them is missing. I tried to move those graphics for the last section underneath here in the controllers. So we're moving all of those cloud provider SDKs, maybe even the Terraforms and Pulumis too. Everything behind Kubernetes API server implemented in a controller. And this isn't just a dream. This actually is starting already now. Excuse me, all the big clouds have offerings at this point. So there's AWS controllers for Kubernetes, Azure as the service operator, GCP config connector. And I'd be remiss not to mention cross plane. One of the, yeah, cross plane is tries to bring all of the controllers for those clouds together and more clouds and put some common paradigms around them. But it's not just services from the, you know, the managed providers. It's also, you can provision the smart cluster, you can provision Knative, you can provision cert manager PKI system in your cluster by just submitting a resource to the API server. And then finally, like I was saying before, Atlas or Confluent. I wanted to call those out because it's not just the big clouds. These guys have operators as well. By the way, I'm using the term operator and controller kind of interchangeably. Maybe it's not exactly right, but the idea is that those are common terms for things that look at a resource and reconcile the state in your cluster to whatever it needs to be. Oh, I just did it as a graphic apparently. Okay, so yeah, so we'll do one more eye chart here. This is, I'm going to deploy, we're going to do a demo of this, but here's the same. Here's three specs for a Kafka cluster for a certificate issued by my internal PKI and then for an RDS database. And this is a good time. I said I would call out some of the warts. So these all share, you know, the Kubernetes resource model is sometimes the term used. They've got an API version. They've got a kind. They've got a metadata with name and namespace, labels and annotations. They've got a spec and a status. The second level after that, there's some conventions. There's things like conditions you might know like in statuses. There's other common ones like replicas is a commonly used term template for a pot. There are some common attributes, but this is an area where we could use some work to get some more commonality in the second level of those specs in describing the attributes of the resources. Okay, I'll get a chance to call out more of those here. So we're going to deliver. Let's see what time is it. Okay, we still got time. Let's see if we can get everything done here. We're going to show a few of these. We're going to show creating Kafka and a certificate in that database instance at the least. This is not going to last very long anyway, so don't bother trying to copy it. I'm just going to have this in the background here. I'm going to go ahead and look at my Kafka name space so you can kind of see as things go. And we're going to bring up this repo, which by the way, you can go to. It's at github.com. My name, I'll put it at the end too, github, joshgav. Oops, devenv. This is like the modern .files or something. But I'm going to do it here in VS Code, so we'll just close that. But you're welcome to check that out. It's a constant work in progress. The first thing, it looks like I should make that bigger. Appearance, zoom in, control equal. There we go. Oops. Okay, so the first thing we're going to do is Kafka. And I just want to show you the script. It's a really simple script. Let's deploy the operator. Oh, yeah, let's just show the script, deploy cluster. This is it. So all like this is just boilerplate. And then I just do a customized apply. So a big benefit of having a common control plane is the same tools work on everything. So customize, which does transformations and renders your templates. I can use that all over here. So that's what we're going to see in all of this repo. I have this services section. And basically I have like 20 services that I can deploy into my cluster. Each one is just a pretty simple script that calls customize and applies a bunch of templates that look just like the one I just did. So just to prove it, I'm going to do it with a make. I'm just going to say make that Kafka cluster. And it's going to apply those things. And we should see, you'll see zookeepers coming up. You'll see Kafka coming up next. I could do a demo where I actually get in and publishers get a reply, but I don't think we need to do that right now. It comes to me after if you don't believe that this is going to keep working. The next one I want to show is certificates. So cert manager. We'll leave that going in the background. There you go. So there's my Kafka cluster coming up. See it says container creating. We are going to deploy cert manager. And this is going to look very similar. So here's deploy SH. And this is a good chance for me to call out an issue also. So here the way I'm, of course, once I get cert manager installed, I can declare a certificate. I can declare an issuer. And that's what I'm going to show here actually. Oopsies. So here when I declare it, I say the way I do it is I create a self signed issuer. I have that issue me a root certificate. And then I create a CA issuer on top of that. And then what you'll see in say my dashboard is I declare a certificate, a cert manager certificate for the dashboard. And what I get out here, if I look at my connection to secure certificate is valid. You can actually see it's signed. I can't zoom this in, but it says CA root. It says the name of that certificate. And to do all that, all I have to do is, you know, the same idea. I just did a customize, customize apply. Inside important so I can do make cert manager. Oh, yeah, but I was going to mention the tricky part. So I was able to create all these resources, but getting cert manager itself installed, that's an area where we need some work. So like, for example, this I used a tool called CM cuddle or CTL, which stands for I guess cert manager cuddle. And internally it seems to just be deploying a helm chart. But I'll show you other ones where they'd say, well, just deploy the helm chart so that it's a helm install. Or other ones where it's a cube cuddle apply, point it to a YAML file. Yeah, and I'm going to show one more. Actually, I'll show key cloak really quickly here. Because it gives me a chance to discuss operator lifecycle manager. So the way I would deploy key cloak, or I've decided to play key cloak, is using a framework called operator framework. There's a tool called operator lifecycle manager, which can help provision any kind of operator that's been packaged in a certain way. So add that fourth way to deploy an operator. And that's why I do key cloak, because I've installed operator lifecycle manager, and I just say, subscribe me to the key cloak operator. So I could say make key cloak, and it would do that here. Install key cloak operator view up. Now the last one I wanted to show is cross plane. So cross plane, again, this was another one, they said to use helm. So I installed cross plane itself with helm, but then once it's installed, it's again a customized build. I point it here. I install a provider for AWS. And then finally here's the RDS instance, which I named dbinstance to. And I could say make cross plane. It will go through. It will apply at the end of this. It will apply that RDS instance. And where I have here, we should see this come up. dbpc already exists. But we should see, I created dbinstance to. And I can say kubectl get dbinstances. Hopefully it works. It says synced true, ready false. Right now, maybe it's not going to work. No, it should. Oh, you know what? Ha, there it is. I don't know if you saw that change. It was dbinstance one, because I created that earlier today. I was deleting it. Now it says dbinstance to. You'll see it's creating. So here I was able to declare this resource over here in Kubernetes, dbinstances.rds, and have it go back and create a database, a service in AWS. And it actually wrote a secret out to my current namespace here, too, that I could use to connect to it. dbinstance one password. Yeah, so the idea there is to show that with using Kubernetes and structures, you can deploy any kind of infrastructure, and every day there's more and more becoming available. Okay. Next thing, I don't want us to think it's only infrastructure. It's also applications. This might be controversial, and if you want to come fight with me afterwards at the Red Hat booth or something, I'd be happy to talk about it. GitOps. When you think about GitOps, you're really creating a custom operator or a custom controller for your application. I've got a bunch of Kubernetes resources describing an API server I want to deploy, but I don't have anything that knows to watch those for changes and apply it into my cluster. So that's what, when you think of an Argo CD or a Flux, their job is, well, they're their own operators, but their job is when I create a descriptor of my application, where it should look for my manifest and things, it's creating this virtual controller, if you will, that's going to sit there, subscribe to events from Git, subscribe to events from at CD, like if I make a change to the configuration, and then make sure that the cluster reflects that state. So it's again applying this concept of getting things to a desired state of reconciliation. Again, Argo and Flux become frameworks for creating your own operators, in this case, extremely opinionated operators that pull from Git or from S3 that apply, say, Customize or Helm or maybe nothing, that's one of the options. But they're ultimately very similar to just any other operator. So what I want to show here is with that, I can deploy, and I'll show here two components which become application yamls in Argo. So here's an API server, which is, I'll show you when it's up and running, it basically just says hello or returns a list of widgets from a database. I just declare this application. I say, happens to be in this case, I kept all of the manifests in this same repo, even though the code isn't a different repo. So I just say, hey, find the manifests here in this repo, I'm actually going to do the same thing postgres database. I have a postgres operator running here already. I'm going to just run this same application yaml and have it point at my services postgres base. And here's the same thing. I've got a customization file. I've got my postgres cluster. And actually another thing to point out, one of the tricky parts here is bindings. So I've deployed my postgres database. I deployed my API server. How do I get the URL and the password into the other one? That's actually another area of research of work. But in this case, I just have my deployment correctly loads up the environment variable from a secret that gets created. So let's just look here at my Argo. And I will say, make API server Argo, which is just basically creating those two application instances. You see right away, wait, there's the dbms. Where is, yeah, and there's the API server. These guys are already out talking to that repo. They pulled it in. They've created the API server here already. So I can say, I should have showed you that it wasn't there before. Get pods. What names do I have? Argo app, I think. And there's a couple are creating. But they're coming up. And I can actually click this button here. Let's see if it works. Yeah. It says very hard to read. Sorry. Hello world. And there's actually a widget server. That's a swagger server so we could put that in there. But this will return an empty array at this point. Sorry. Widgets. That will just prove the database is working. Okay. I hear them clapping. That means low on time. So there we saw infrastructure being created from a bunch of manifests, the exact same API framework that was used to deploy the infrastructure. Now I get them both out at the same time. Yeah. Okay. So we've gotten through the most important parts, which is Kubernetes as a standard API. You can use it to deploy infrastructure. You can use it to play applications. I did want to quickly show your options. If you want to build your own mechanisms to extend, to use Kubernetes as your own control plane. There's a lot of work in this area. The biggest project is QBuilder and Operator SDK. And what these do, it's a layer there of libraries. They build on some of the core components from Kubernetes itself. They also have library controller runtime, controller tools. QBuilder is, it's those libraries plus a scaffolder. And out of the box it comes with, here I'll just show you what it shows. If you do QBuilder.h, you get these, they call them plugins. You can scroll up there a little. You see the main one here is the go one. But then Operator SDK, I'll just do the same thing, a dash h for it. And it adds a few more. So these are, QBuilder, Operator SDK have really come together in the past couple of years. And so Operator SDK adds on a few more scaffolds. So by the way, just download this deck. And these things are all linked in there. And the key point of this that I wanted to emphasize, and actually I'm going to do a demo in a second, is that all you, all any of these things have to do is just that core loop. Yeah, you got to wire up to the API server and listen for changes. Yeah, occasionally somebody deletes something. So then what do you do? There's a lot of boilerplate and shared concerns like that. But ultimately your concern is just implement reconciled. Implement that one method. So I went ahead and already prescaffolded a go operator. We'll just skip right to showing it to you. It's called here the scratch operator. So all I did, I pointed, no, I ran Operator SDK in it. And I told it add one resource called a scratcher. Scratch to me just means like empty space, like a scratch container. And it created everything. And I want to show you the main thing it created is this. Scratcher reconciler. There's the reconcile method. You see it says to do user your logic here. There's my logic. It just says reconciling resource. And in fact, if I... Let's see if I have that running. I don't think I do, but I can say scaffold go. And I've actually got a scratcher resource right here. It's going to create that. Let's see if it can do it quickly. I'll let it do that. Yeah, the reason I'm going to... Yes, now I'm going to go ahead and just look at the logs, kubectl logs dash n. So it created a controller manager for me. There it is. It's in the scratch operator system. Just going to look at the logs. You can see at the very bottom one there. Let me see if I can scroll it up a bit for folks in the back. It says reconciling resource. And it tells you it was this scratcher called Scratch Scratcher. Okay, so it worked. Yeah, that's an interesting one, but I also don't want to lose the chance to show you the Helm one. So you can do operator SDK in it and say use the Helm one. This is an easy way to get started. That's why I'm saying that. Like if you already have a Helm chart, in this case, I borrowed from a project that I sometimes contribute to Potato Head. They have a Helm chart. So all I did was clean that repo down. I pointed it at that Helm chart, and I said create me an operator based on that. And it wraps that into an operator. Same thing here. I can scaffold Helm, and we'll deploy it out. And then I can create... This is the Helm chart that it's wrapping. Actually, this spec is the same as a values file. So it's going to apply this now. In fact, I've just got five minutes. Cuddle services. Oh, yeah, they're coming now. Took a second. But there's the load balancer. Let's make that work. Hopefully, come on. Oh, 9000. Sorry. Yeah. And then the nice thing about doing it with this is very easy to apply my Helm chart change by just saying Cuddle get Potato Heads. I'm just going to make sure that I'm in the right place. Yes. I could say Cuddle apply-f back one. What do I got there? Oh, no, not back one. Potato Head. And now it should apply that out. Let's just watch the Cuddle pods. That's going to be too late. It already replaced the hat one. And there I go messing that up, too. Now let me do this. Aha! And the hat changed. All I had to do was change the declaration in there. OK. What did I do with the deck? There it is. OK. So just implement Reconcile. Here's a list of all of those plugins. So I mentioned the Go one. I mentioned the Helm one. The Hybrid one is pretty interesting. I didn't have a chance to exercise it before, so I didn't want to talk about it today. But it's one where they're letting you reconcile a Helm chart and add some extra Go methods. So that probably could help with transition. If you want to start from a Helm chart and gradually graduate to using more Go. OK. We already did this. There's no more demos, so we'll get through the last few things here. I would be remiss if I didn't let you know about the other frameworks that are around. They don't seem to be as popular, at least based on the articles and open source repos that are based on them. Meta controller, though. It came from Google originally. Big difference from it is that it runs the Reconciler out of process. So it's got, I don't know if you could see that diagram. I tried to put it in there, but it's got a central controller which wires up to all the events from the API server. And then when it finds a relevant event, it sends an HTTP call to your process, which has limitations, but it also makes it a lot cleaner. You don't have to have all that boilerplate, which I showed in the other thing. Yeah. Cop is a popular one. Or is it one that's for Python, if you want to write something in Python? You do, I think, if I remember correctly, it breaks up the reconciliation to a more structured process, so you can do more with that. Java, that's from Red Hat. They're trying to work on some stuff that used Operator SDK to scaffold out a Java operator. And then the last couple of things here, just registries. So Artifact Hub is a project from CNCF. So I'm, you know, open source. Let's use, well, they're all open source. It was Operator Hub. That one's managed by Red Hat. But if you do kind equals three for Artifact Hub, you get OLM operators. So ones that can be deployed with Operator Lifecycle Manager. Yeah. So I promised I would call out as I went along some of the warts that are right now. I tried to a little bit, but here's kind of a summary of those. And so, yeah, if you want to talk about these more, I'm happy to talk. I think in that one good venue is tag app delivery for CNCF. I'm not sure, you know, in Kubernetes in general, I'm not sure where else to talk about it, but that's a good place or come to talk to me at the Red Hat booth. Kubernetes resource model. You've probably heard of that. There's a doc. That's the basic metadata spec status, stuff like that. Crossplane resource model tries to standardize. You know, we showed how it's projecting through things from the providers. I think it's too deep into it, but it's got a few sections there. So they're trying to come up with some standards. Knative, if you've worked down deep in their stuff, they use a concept called duck types, which really are about, you know, does the status have an address with a URL property? So again, they're kind of defining APIs. Bindable is another one they have in there, which, you know, maybe that implies, oh, I should inject a secret from this one into the environment of this one. Things like that. So those are things we kind of, you know, there's a lot of discussion, but we could use, you know, getting to more standards or getting to more, you know, de facto standards. Service binding, I mentioned that, you know, there's different ways. Red Hat has a project called Service Binding Operator, where you can create a spec that says to bind two things together and it will inject, like I said, the secret from one into the other. HashiCore, Vault, obviously kind of a de facto standard. They've got an agent sidecar and things like that. Crossplane has this idea of right connection secret to ref. It looks at that and puts it into a secret. So these are just all, I mean, all immatable and that's good, but, you know, if we could bring them a little closer together, it would make it easier for people that are trying to use these things. Operator managers, I kind of tried to highlight that. There's, like, a billion different ways to do that. And then the cloud providers, just forget about it. They talk about their add-ons and things like that, which are operators that get deployed in their bespoke way. So there's room to improve that so that, you know, we could manage the life cycle of our operators upgrade them in a kind of consistent way. Tenant scoped operators. This is also a big deal. If you're used to using namespaces for tenancy, unfortunately custom resources and operators are basically cluster level. So how do you say to a tenant of yours, you can have this resource but somebody else can't or you can install this operator but they can't. So there's things to work out there. And then the last thing I just wanted to mention, this is all about specs, but devs don't necessarily want to write specs. So I'm kind of throwing out the term speckless. If we have serverless, let's get to speckless. We want to be able to infer, basically, the specs for common framer. Like, oh, he's using a database. Oh, he needs a certificate. Be able to infer that without a developer having to put in every, you know, full yamls for everything. And that's like the Heroku app.yamls of the day or the funk.yamls of the functions. So yeah, that's something to think about, too. So with that, I'm here for questions. I'll be at the Red Hat booth. Yeah, we're at time, so I'm going to let everyone go, but I'll be here for questions. Thank you.


It's time to go to the gym. Good morning. So as you may know by now, I just finished my workout and every time I do that workout, I'm like, why did I do that to myself? I mean, why do I wake up so early? Why do I work so hard? Why do I get this sweaty? And then it dawns on me when I finish because I feel so good after I finish. And I know I talked about all this on my 430am workout routine, all that stuff. But there's just nothing that makes you feel as good as working out in the morning and just starting your day. I don't know if it's because I'm a morning person. I don't know what, but I love it. And I will say I've never worked out this hard since probably college sports, like when I swam in college for those of you who don't know. And that was probably the last time I actually worked this hard. I've been working out consistently for probably 10 years now and I have never worked out this hard before.  After all this stuff, where I wasn't working out and eating, drinking, all this stuff. So I gained like 10 pounds, which no bueno, trying to get back into it. But nonetheless, today is Sunday. I failed to mention that. It's about like nine o'clock or so. I had my coffee. And by the way, I'm on call this whole weekend. I got called about three times so far this weekend, which is crazy for my hospital. It's a smaller community hospital and we hardly ever even get phone calls when we're on call. Much less three times over the weekend. But apparently the ER has been crazy busy today and yesterday. So I could tell when the ER doc called me that they were super busy. They didn't really have time to like tell me what was going on. They're just like, just don't figure it out. So today I'm going to probably go replace a nephrostomy tube that fell out over the weekend. When that happens, sometimes you can get back in the track if the patient has had it for a very long time. This is a well formed nephrostomy tube track. Otherwise, I'll just have to do a direct stick into the kidney. And then I think I just might drain some fluid around the lung or thoracentesis while I'm there. We'll see. But what I probably want to do during this vlog is just bring you around. You know, this is just my weekend on call or whatever, but I'll show you the procedures. Well, probably not the factual procedure, but I'll explain to you in depth what exactly I'm doing in the procedure. So you have a pretty good understanding what I'm talking about. So first things first, I'm obviously very sweaty. I need to go take a shower and let's get this day started. Well, continue this day, I should say. All right, so we are back at the hospital. Who would have thought? It's Sunday, like I said earlier, and about to go replace this neph tube because it fell out, which is a very, very common problem with any tube that we place that can always fall out, like for any reason. Sometimes the patient rolls over, sometimes the patient's spouse pulls it out on accident, sometimes they pull it out on accident. Rather than keeping the patient here for two nights for no reason, I'll just come in, even though it's Sunday and replace it, it's not emergent, but it could get emergent because the kidney could become infected if the tube isn't draining the urine properly. So it's better to be proactive instead of reactive. So I think what I'm going to do is draw out exactly what I'm doing, because a lot of people don't really understand what the heck I'm talking about. So I'm going to basically like draw it out, so you know exactly what I'm talking about right now. All right, I have no idea what happened to the top of this notebook, but what can you do? So my patient had a nephrostomy tube, sometimes also called a percutaneous nephrostomy tube, also called PCN for short. So what is a nephrostomy tube? So this is a kidney, you have a collecting system, this is a terrible drawing, but you have blood coming into the kidney, it filters out all the blood and then urine is drained into the collecting system here and goes down here and into your bladder. Once it's in your bladder, you can then urinate it out. What happens is some people that have say cancer somewhere in their pelvis, they can actually obstruct this ureter causing back pressure to build up in the kidney, causing this kidney to be dilated to look like this. So you see how the collecting system here is nice and small, but here, since there is an obstruction down low before it gets to the bladder, the back pressure leads to dilation or dilatation of the actual collecting system. When this happens, the only way to relieve that pressure is to put a percutaneous nephrostomy tube in to relieve some of that urine to drain out of the patient's back and into a bag versus going anti-grade like it normally does. So what I do under ultrasound is I will access the lower pole calyx right here, I'll put a wire in and then through that wire, I'll advance a pigtail catheter into the patient and then it drains to a bag external to the patient. So the patient actually drains their kidney as the kidney produces urine, it drains into the bag outside of the patient. That way it does not have to go down to the bladder, it goes this way instead. Think of it as a bladder outside of the patient that they can just open up and drain the bag whenever they need to. So what happened with my patient? My patient was flushing their tube at home and what happened was they actually pulled out the tube so there was no tube anymore. So when this happens, we have to go in and replace it. Sometimes we can go in through the existing tract or we can just start over fresh with a new stick with a new needle. So what I did on this patient was try to find and navigate the tract that the patient already had in order to get the tube into that position. I didn't feel like accessing with a new needle this time because there's obviously a risk of bleeding every time you access the kidney with another stick or another needle. So if I could go through the existing tract with a wire and catheter and get into the collecting system, I could put a drain in quickly. So if you think of, let's see how we can draw this. So this is going to be a patient looking at them from the toes to the head. This is how we read radiology studies. So this is the spine. You have a kidney over here and a kidney over here and it drains into the collecting system. What happens is when we access back here, there's a tract that forms between the scan. This is a scan by the way, liver, stomach, spleen. This tract right here that our tube is going through. When that tube is removed either on purpose or not on purpose is this tract between the collecting system and the kidney and the skin will eventually close up. Think of it as like an earring. So if you have your ears pierced and you take the earring out of the actual ear lobe, you notice how that tract or the hole in the ear will slowly close up over a few days. Same thing happens with nephrostomy tubes. If it closes up, I can't get back in and I have to do a direct stick with a new needle. So I was fortunate enough to put a catheter in here through the skin, get a wire up into the collecting system and place a new catheter. When that place the new catheter into the collecting system, you leave it like right here, patient drains out fluid out of their back again and all things are good. That's what I did for that patient. This is what it looked like before he got obstructed down low. Over time, you begin to dilate your kidney. You have to put in a nephrostomy tube because there's no way for urine to come down distally into the bladder and to urinate out. Put in a nephrostomy tube drains out into a bad external to the patient. If that tube dislodges, you can get back in the tract. If it's in 24, 48 hours or so, you can place a new tube and the kidney is happy again. And that's pretty much it. All right. So everything with that nephrostomy tube went really easy. I was able to get in the tract like I mentioned in my drawing there. Went perfect. My house is a complete disaster right now because I've just been on call this weekend, filming some content, all that stuff. Haven't really done much of the whole cleaning thing. So Andrade is getting home later tonight. And it's about time for me to tidy this place up before I get yelled at by married folks know what I'm talking about. All right. That officially concludes this video. Thank you all for joining me for my call weekend extravaganza. Hopefully you all learned something from those little diagrams that I drew and all that stuff. Tend to like draw stuff out. I draw it out for patients. I draw it out for the PAs I work with. I draw it out for med students, any other residents I'm working with, all that kind of stuff. I feel like for what I do, you have to draw it out. Otherwise, nobody really understands it. Basically, to sum up, got that neph tube back in. Everything went smoothly. And the best thing is, so one thing about working in private practice is procedures like that aren't really emergent and most people won't come in on the weekend for myself included. I just did it because I don't know. I didn't want that patient to stay in the hospital another day. But I will say it helps you look so much better to other physicians in the hospital. If you do something like that, I already got like two or three phone calls from the admitting physician, the urologist, all that stuff. All thanking me for coming in on a Sunday to do that. And they were like surprised that I would do that. Which, I don't know. I feel like the patient needs it and you don't want to waste resources with the patient in the hospital. Don't want the patient to be in the hospital. You should do it. If it's pending discharge, you should probably do it. Even if it's not an emergency. So, hopefully you all enjoyed it. Let me know if you have any questions in the comments below. And I guess I'll see you all in the next one. Make sure you smash the like, subscribe button, follow me on Instagram, and TikTok if you're not ready. And I'll see you all on the next video. Bye.


Let's go now everybody got Kyle and Shawn here with late in sports cards. We've been 2023 finest flashbacks six box case number 12 Random team style got Anthony K with the Rangers Brody C has the Blue Jays Charlie C a's Curtis D has the Astros Daniel B with the Phillies Eric L white socks George M with the twins Henry C has angels E&T has the Pirates and Giants Jacob H with the Padres Jake Jared W with the Mariners Jeffrey H has the Tigers Dodgers Cardinals Jeremiah P has the D backs. We got Jeremiah S with the Brewers Jesse S has the Braves Jordan N has the Rockies Lucas P Orioles Michael R with the Guardians Marlins Naoki H has the Rays. We have Robert S with the Mets Shawn M has Cubs Reds Timothy M has the Yankees and Royals and Vaughan has the Nationals and the Red Sox Good luck here guys. Let's see what we got. Yeah. Good luck Jeremiah. See some some Brewers here See a nice Garrett Mitchell. Good luck. Finest flashbacks Watch Bradley rookie the rare coming It is a rookie Taryn Favre. It's a rare of Roger Clements on the finest gold for the Red Sox Red Sox Roger saw Blue Jays Roger the other day. You know, there's an uncommon a Matt Chapman on the silver Zack Nats hope that's fair talk. There is a lot going on for sure A couple different variations of them the Grom and Trey Turner. Hey, what's up Nathan? How you doing today? How's everything going? Yeah, I created they are they are definitely a throwback to the old finest for sure that's the The base is the uncommons and the commons or the commons are the base and then the uncommons and the rares So they do have like the throwback there. They also have the The protected ones with the little plastic on the front. Those are definite throwbacks. It's a Weimer There's a Michael Harris. That's gonna be an uncommon Reese Hoskins on the silver Cedric Mullins and Costas refractor or a base rookie Fancy championship starts tonight. Let's go Nathan. You got anybody playing? I don't think I have anybody playing tonight. There's a Shohei Otani. There's an Adley Rushman base Yeah, I have a I have a Jeter of the old the old rookie Jeter There's a Matthew Libertor on the uncommon from a finest. You have the Saints defense. Okay. I like it There's a Riley Green There it is Riley Green There's Corbin Carroll my trial. It's gonna be a rare of Vladdie, Jr. on the finest gamers goal Tim Anderson Frankie Lindore Hal Stowers, there's an uncommon gonna be George Springer or the Blue Jays There's a gunner finest intimidators And that'll be a Josh young finest phenoms Josh young Here's a refractor rookie of Esther Ruiz nice one there about one per box on the refractors rookie for the A's Stole a lot of bags this year Sure, he'll keep that going There's an uncommon Elohim in us first Jordan Walker Masataka Yoshida and Kwan Spencer Steer and last pack uncommon of Carlos Correa for the 20s Libertor and Coloss Alrighty there one box down. Good luck here guys keep it going. Well, let's see an auto man The auto set and this is really nice should see one auto per case. So if we get a nice one It's only some big stars and Hall of Fame is pretty much on this Auto checklist Zollets Intimidators Michael Garcia bow nailer Yeah, no, it's a little tougher for sure. They made them harder shorter prints it But they made it's like a better at auto list Gunner Henderson intimidators and an uncommon of Trey Turner It's a much better auto list so they made a little more tough to hit on Josh young phenoms This stuff in general is pretty short printed as well, too Um, they didn't make a ton of it. I think it's around like 200 I don't know. We haven't had it for personals in a bit We've only had them for group race. I think it's around 200 or something though There's a Jordan Walker finest gamers the uh refractors the rares and stuff and the big players do really well though even the non numbered stuff Gabe Moreno sterling Trey Turner and Neto There's a finest franchises George Brett on the rare 229 Oh, do we have one? Oh, uh, yeah Oh, yeah, they're 229 on the website. So we do have a couple actually I thought we only had it for breaks, but yeah, it was uh 229 Yeah, no, not terrible. Some of this some of the stuff does really well too. Uh, there's a um uncommon of Devers Like there was a gold refractor someone told us I think it was Jonathan told us that uh He sold for over 200. It wasn't even odd or anything. It was just a gold refractor of king griffy Hody bellinger. I'm not sure puka. I'm not sure if we're doing those just for uh Just for group breaks or not as a cossus phenoms I'm not sure on that one. Oh man Potentially though, I would think it may be just a couple boxes. Maybe like a case worth. I think it's six boxes in a case so It's maybe like one case worth or something, but not a ton for sure It's an uncommon not a Ronald Acuna Spencer steer Intimidators josh bell I feel you creative. I appreciate you watching as well my man. I think uh Once top starts making football again, I think we'll probably get some finest and all that There's a nice rare of michael harris finest gamers nice one there breaks On the rare gold Yeah, I think once tops get some football going again, they'll probably get some stuff like this going I don't know about flashbacks immediately, but they'll definitely have finest. They'll have um Some other big top sets. There's a um vato. We'll have top scrum football A lot of good stuff Um, I'm not sure pookal. We had five yesterday and two today. I think we had two more listed So I don't know um, how much we total had front end of tautis. There's a um adley I don't know what the total number was around 10. I would say um what we first got there's a chris morrell a ronda Yeah, creative ends in 2025. I think I think is when it turns over there's a vulpi gamers I think maybe 2024 sometime next year Yeah, it's uh, it's relatively soon for sure And there's a uh, spencer torkelson on the uncommon torkelson for the tigers hodaisanga All righty guys box three Yeah, I'm not sure creative I'm sure certain ones will if guys like don't sign with tops or something like that Um, certain panini rookies will have value either way like the frism and stuff But um, it hurts it'll it'll it'll be tough Especially once they start trying to um, I think compete when you have tops and panini both making football cards I think it'll lower the value of potentially panini, but I think the stuff that's already out. I think it'll hold pretty well There's a gold mullin ryan the non-licensed stuff shale anglers Yeah, once they start having to make stuff non-licensed I think definitely the box prices all that will have to come down So yeah, there's a von grissom uncommon intimidators braves tristan casus Come on, let's see the auto Let's see the auto Shohei cedric mullins. You like the unlicensed stuff Some of it some of that I like like the leaf hockey and stuff, but it depends Yeah, okay, that's if they do it right adley ruchman rookie, but that's more like that. Yeah special non-licensed Yeah A lot of people like that for sure morale.  We'll get those going later on today Appreciate you're my man Now there's a link guys. We're gonna check it out tops chrome black. We'll get five teams per spot It's 299 99 The five teams first spot get a hold of vision Divis there's corbin rookie Got a uncommon garret colt Tim anderson and lindore Why did it not josh young? Why did it stop? That was so weird. I think it was uh, I think restream disconnected just the youtube part of it So it turned off the stream, but the twitch kept going and then once it finally reconnected. I guess it turned it right back on I don't know I think that's our auto it is to 100 it is ichiro on the auto for the mariners There we go. Nice one m's Who's got the mariners to get that in a mag for jared w There we go jared nice one there on the itch erot or each erotes who 100 Get that in a mag very nice one That's what i'm saying. Yeah, that's what i was saying creative the uh the auto set is really nice, man You can't miss on uh getting one of these autos out of here Auto set is great for this one. There's an akunya uncommon um, jordan walker Yeah, that's awesome very nice one there. Congrats a jared Take that. There's a uh j rod right behind it on the rare another one for them m's Juan Yeah, very nice nathan. I like it There's a um refractor is going to be chris bryant for the um rockies Refractor uncommon Kunya We pulled a really double really nice ones out of here. There's a couple showhays a couple poo holes Auto list is awesome on this one josh bell Obviously a little bit tougher to hit them, but when they hit they do hit pretty hard. There's a hunter green uncommon No, I don't think so. I don't think so nathan. I think it'll work out I don't know when uh what goes on when like they have to start paying the deferment pay uh price because If that's on their books and they got to pay him 68 million or whatever that might that might come into a problem like years down the road, but I think for now, they're gonna get a couple championships out of him.   Yeah, there's a bobby wit. Hey there. He took glass now from me on the uncommon Glass nasty glass now. I know right can't even I can't believe jk has to change his username. He can't be Glass nasty box fort Yeah, true. I don't know. I'm not gonna Have that chance at a ring though Larry, how we doing today, sir? Larry. What's going on, Larry? Larry? How we doing, sir? What's happening, Larry? Yeah, that's a good question though. I mean, I think down the road potentially, but for now Abton paid sho hey 2 million. I don't think that's gonna be a problem for now I think that'll be a good uh, good decision. Jordan Walker rookie They're gonna make that money back here. So Yeah, I think it was 2035 or something. He starts getting paid like an actual salary. There's a Jackie Robinson on the rare. I saw in their um, uh, dodges Jackie Robinson On the rare gold.  There's a, uh, Francisco Lindor on common Matthew Libertor, Josh Bell And then on the overseas. Oh, they'll make some money for sure Here's a nice one. Brett Beatty on the refractor rookie. Yo, Mets nice one there Tough refractors to pull about one per box on those Here's a, um, uncommon Cabrine Hayes it will be like Historically bad if you're not able to put a winning team together It will be a meltdown if they aren't able to put a winning team together But I don't think that's gonna be a problem. I hope they don't I don't think that's gonna be a problem, man Yeah, I'm interested to see where belly goes, man. I'm interested to see where belly goes. He had a great season last season Right before a, uh, nice contract here too, man. He know he was doing Here's a uncommon John Carlo Belly there he was just talking about him Honda there's an Adley On the base Here's a J rod another finest rare The mariners mariners killing it Each row killed it by itself. There's a, um, Anthony Volpe gamers uncommon Seiya Suzuki Belly's asking for 200 million. Wow Jesus 200 million for belly. He can't even pitch. I like that There's a uh, Joseb right that is crazy, man. It's a good contract Yeah, I heard uh, I heard he was shopping it around. Maybe uh, maybe he might have to go with a little less There's a Corbin Carroll rookie gamers Oh, I don't know man. Maybe the Yankee sign they get a little judge Soto and Belly outfield going That'd be something There's an uncommon T.L. Hall. It would be disgusting I don't want to see that happen There's a gunner Josh Young Phenoms rookie What do you think the cubs would pay for him, uh, Nathan? I said your cubs fan. What do you think, uh, you think they're looking to give them? There's a, um, Jeremy Pena on the uncommon So imagine if he doesn't get that somewhere. He's just coming 20 bucks in a can of candy Coming right back to Coming right back to the cubs. I imagine if he ain't getting it that somewhere Alrighty box five 40 bucks of the candy Grizzly It's a good deal. You hope say it. Not a bad deal. Get me in the office It's a gift that keeps on giving There's a rare of Moe Rivera. Nice one there on the rare. Rare gold. Sandman. There's a Max Scherzer on the, um, uncommon Make everything incentivize, man Yeah, you know what I'm saying? You hit these targets, then you get paid. Yeah, that's true. That's what they need to do. Yeah I said about you gotta hit numbers to get paid and see what happens. Yeah, it's too much guaranteed money. Yeah, there's a here's the Evolpe rookie It's like, no, okay. You do this. Boom. Hit this. Boom. Yeah Oh nice. Masataka Yoshida on the rookie. Intiminator's rare Nice one there. Boston. That'll work The Masataka that's going to be a nice one there for the Red Sox Del Cabrera. Yeah Uncommon Chris Morel rookie. He's got the whitest teeth of the game Masataka. No Really? Sparklin is a Corbin Carroll. I mean I mean, you can kind of tell just right there Yeah, it's true Pearls. Yeah, you gotta 10 recommend it. Uh, Dennis recommend Masataka. Pearls is All right, he gets a box and a half left. Good luck. Good luck Let's say pay what he wants. Yeah Suppose them going to the Yankees or something. I'd say that too. Just See what he wants and I don't know 200s a lot. That's a big difference though. There's a rookie Cabrera uncommon Yeah, I feel like they give him like a hundred million then like another hundred incentives if he hits like that's what I'm crazy That would be worth 200, but I'd be worth you Yeah, just giving him a 200. Yeah Is it earned it? I'd say rookie Casas Find his gamers Garrett Mitchell uncommon Can't wait for Shohei day in 2035 Like Bobby Bonilla day when he starts getting paid is I'd say find his phenoms young. Bobby, but he's still got years on that. I know and I think they ended the same year Bonilla gets his final check and Shohei starts getting his There's a Gunner Henderson rookie and a uncommon Logan Ohapi for the angels Still four to go guys in tops chrome black baseball full divisions case going There's a refractor. Let's be Michael Toblia This one there Rockies on the rookie refractor. Hey go, uh, Jeremiah. Not terrible. Not bad, man. The uh Anything better than a base and definitely not bad in these It's another Garrett Mitchell base is a finest of Jordan Walker I want to see a appeal to 10 a little peely Silver is a uncommon machado Alrighty guys last box Let's do it box number six find his flashbacks Get Taylor taking one in um star wolves Star wolves get that going at the end of the night tonight Appreciate you guys that is um random mini box. So if you guys want to check out the star wars masterwork For some big autos some sketches I'll tell you that There's a rookie Gunner Henderson Uh Josh young rookie There's a rare babe Ruth. Oh, we're finest franchises on the rare Babe Ruth for the Yankees Who would be so good, man?  They don't even know what happened because it's Melting they got like the new high tech like yeah the speaker system and all that Oh, yeah Margot is a rookie uh Michael Harris skull Jelly of the month club. There's a uh alec thomas uncommon Um a uh refractor refractor uncommon of luba uh luba He's for the uh white socks nice one there The luba there on the uncommon refractor Appreciate you guys grabbing spots today. We'll keep on moving on some baseball got some uh hockey coming soon Volpe rookie Second uh the cup swells a few spots to go guys first one is filled up if you guys are looking at the cup today Well, we got a peely peely to 10 And it is going to be a rookie Garrett Mitchell. There we go Jeremiah There we go on the peely number nine out of ten Get that in a mag for you Jeremiah We go asking for some brew crew. We got a brew crew Mitchell numbered to ten on the uh the peely And take that we'll get that in a mag for you Jeremiah Mookie bets and livian soto There's another Mitchell. There's another Mitchell for Mitchell as well. Yeah, there we go There we go, Jeremiah.  I don't absolutely do Those are the only numbered in this set to the peely to 10 The only numbered in this set It's an uncommon of freddy freeman uncommon brain and crawford finest gamers uh rookie von grissom though nail it He quit Thank you paul taking a spot in um star wars as well. We're down to 20. I believe on the star wars Get that going at the end of the night There's a uncommon salvi parets Yeah, it's usually about one but usually about one per case on those. There's a hobby bias uncommon For the tigers or spencers boy potty And last one here got a corbin carol rookie spencer loves him. I know he does lindore and nolyn jones on the back All righty there guys, we'll do a quick quick recap here Some of our rares and then our auto So our rares we had michael harris atl michael a bruth mover vera j rod uh jackie another j rod There's nolyn ryan another michael harris uh george brett vladdy jr and roger clemens on the rares Got a peely rookie to 10 that one's going to be a garret michael brew crew got a masatake yoshida on the rare rookie And we had a ichiro auto to 100 39 to 100 on the uh auto there for the mariners All righty there guys, it'll do it for finest flashbacks. We'll get some um Leave the mixer next museum and inception. Thank you guys


What's going on everyone Sam here with late in sports cards. We are doing 2021 2022 immaculate collegiate and 2021 immaculate football Hobby three box mixer number five random teams Here's a look again at your teams that you picked up in the random As always you can find these on the website on the results tab as well as the link in chat Let's do it guys. All right. We've got dion on the base That was um Yes, he played more games for the falcons. So that'll go out and see south Uh, we've got nice going to the well, no, that's it's random teams. That's just falcons Never mind that will be going falcons. This isn't divisions. We had a divisions last break So, um, this is going to seahawks four out of 10 That is kenneth walker.  I'm fairly certain where he played the most but Um, I just want to double check for peace of mind Yep, this will be going to the dolphins This is 13 out of 49 ricky williams dude Congrats dolphins All right random to all at the end because we hit another Bryce young Wow, dude Back-to-back breaks with a brice young auto That's so sick, man Like I said random to everybody at the end as he is still in college Congrats whoever gets that one. That's a big random Uh, 21 out of 99 going to the commanders. That's johan dotson Nice one there. You might get the start again through this week depending on what amonra saint brown does She's gonna play or not. Sorry goblins back anyway. Oh my god We've got 10 out of 12 going to the jets. That's garret wilson on the gloves patch Congrats jets. That's sick All right, that'll do it for our first box of immaculate collegiate 22. Let's go on to Uh, the second box is 22 2022 iMac We've got steve young going to the niners That is eight out of 99 such jersey number right there college and pros, I believe We've got nice going to the texans four out of 99. That is john mechie the third The cool one here This is a combo spot this next one Yes, it is chris s how about bow jackson 46 out of 49 bow knows baby Nice hit there man. That's so nasty Um, this guy, I believe is the stealers um Yep, this will be going to the stealers 20 out of 49 mateo dirant Congrats Pittsburgh He is currently a free agent, but his only team he's played on is the stealers as an undrafted free agent We've got going to the jets 78 out of 99. That is Retalk. All right, we got a quad here We've got bangles dolphins eagles and giants. So bangles is Christopher L dolphins Is a combo. I believe no not a combo dolphins is nicolas s and then eagles is Andrew a yes, so this will be a random to those four teams at the end Which is bangles with jamar chase dolphins with jalen waddle eagles with avanta smith and giants with the various tony So that'll be a random to those four teams at the end to go along with the price young random Uh, so that'll do for iMac collegiate. Let's do some iMac hobby now See like a live jamar chase rpi I think we have a redemption in here. So we've got 11 out of 75 michael thomas for the saints We've got 42 out of 91 going to the eagles. Oh, wow That's so nasty Going to the eagles fletcher cocks Okay We've got going to the broncos That's wild actually Where is denver Going to steven w one of weston present terrell davis javante williams boom Holy cow. That's so nasty. Do you look at the next card too? Who's got that team? Oh, that's so sick Congrats on that one.   Congrats on that one We've got now going to the jets Uh, that is immaculate introductions elysia more On the redemption congrats jets The elysia more immaculate introduction introductions redemption And nice way to end it here 46 out of 99 dual rpa A little bit of acetate on there is nico collins going to the texans congrats houston jeffree c All right, that'll do it for the uh break guys.  This will go for both randoms Whatever team is on top will receive the card seven times on both can good luck everyone So this will be for the quad one two three four five six and seven Go into the eagles Go into the eagles And then we've got the brace young Seven times good luck everyone one two three four five Six and good luck everyone seven go into the colt browns combo Congrats colt browns combo getting the brace young That is go take a look on who that is colt browns is David v congrats david nice one there Do our recap We had the quad going to the eagles Fletcher cox eagles garrick wilson jets Redemption elijah moore going to the jets nico collins for the um Texans drake london falcon or no brice hall. I don't know. I was sorry about that. That's brice hall jets brice hall jets john mechie texans jahan dotson going to the commanders bow jackson raiders ricky williams dolphins Uh, Mateo durant steelers Kenneth walker seahawks romontrace stevens and nameplate nobility going to the patriots and we had Brice young this will be going to the colt browns combo And how about one of one past and present? javante williams And terrell davis Dual patch that'll do it for the break guys. Thanks again. Next up. We got another one of these coming right up


Make sure you know it in depth. What's the next step? Next step is automate reports with power pivot and DAX So saying if it's not in Excel in Excel, it's not Excel. So just saying just reminding you there, right? Automate reports with power pivot and DAX. Let me jump to Excel to show you what I mean So what do we mean by automate reports with power pivot and DAX? Now it comes back to this, right? This is the fundamentals of Excel I said Excel is an analysis tool.  Yeah, HR analyst. So use Excel for past and use Excel for future Here we're saying automate your reports with power pivot and DAX. So in reporting, I told you there are only three things you need So you need data sheet control sheet report sheet So when you're using power pivot power pivot, what does that mean? Power pivot simply means it's it's a tool That allows you to connect to multiple data sources And then you now do your reporting from those multiple data sources, right? So you could connect to data in SAP connect to data in text file connect to data in folder At the end of the day, you're going to bring all of this and build something called a data model So we're now kind of extending from just a data sheet, which is the simple old school way of doing reporting Where you just get a sheet and then oops, sorry one second. You load data Okay, so you just get a sheet for example and then you load data into the sheet and then use that for your reporting That's fine But what about if your data is not just in one place? Maybe a data is here. There's another data somewhere else Well, if you're loading data your data has to follow seven golden rules You could go check out our youtube channel deep brown consulting for more about seven golden rules But when you want to extend your reporting and make it really industry enterprise scale reporting You need to have this tool called power pivot. This is it up here power pivot This is a magic box This extends your usability of excel by allowing you to build Something called a data model. So if you look at it, I'm hovering over it. What's it saying? It says go to the Power pivot window go to the power pivot window to load and prepare data or continue working on data already added to this workbook. So Manage you go there and build it. I'm not going to show you that we have some videos on youtube You could go watch those how to use power pivot, but just take it like it's a sequel as an sql Based tool that allows you to connect to multiple data sources and then build your reporting So it's it's really the efficient way to go Yeah power pivot now. So it's a data model How do you get power pivot? Well one you need to have certain versions of excel to have this Anytime you see professional plus in your excel, then you most likely have power pivot So if I go to file what you could do is go to file Then you go to account Then you go to account you'll be able to read what version of excel you have.  So some of you may have um excel 2013 or microsoft office 2013 Professional plus you may have microsoft 2016 professional plus just make sure you have professional plus or pro plus in your name Once you have pro plus that means you have power pivot Okay And this is the best way to do reporting simple as that now power pivot uses its own language So excel's language is what you know, I can go to excel and say equals to v look up and this excel's language Power pivot has its own language and it's called dax So power pivot's language is dax. So you need to know power pivots All right, and you need to know its language called dax, which is data analysis expressions So these are skills you need You desperately need so that is your add more to the skills. So that is your tip I think that was tip three or four. I think let's let's get back to our Let's get back to our tips


I feel a little disconnected right now because of the pandemic. Personally, I have a huge anxiety because one of our founders is older, so he is in a particularly vulnerable group. Carbon Capture Machine has an industrial process technology that captures CO2 into salable commodities. We're based in Scotland. The buildings that we use, our laboratories in particular, are all closed. There's a sense that we had so much momentum as a company. And we were really on the cusp of this fantastic new competition and it's kind of out from under us. It can come from bad. We need to remember that this is about me to gain climate change and that we actually need to look after what we have because it is precious.


All right, hopefully I'm not gonna sit on Newt Gingrich's head, but this is a Newt Gingrich. I think everybody knows Newt Gingrich, I speak of the House during the 1990s, during a period when I did my history of America, I think during kind of peak geopolitical influence for America, peak economy in many ways for America, and I think Republicans under Newt in opposition maybe Republicans at their best as an opposition party, once they get into power they lose it, but at their best kind of reigning in Clinton, advocating for an agenda that's kind of okay, not too destructive, but Newt is more than that, what makes him interesting is he's quite intellectual, he's written a lot of books, he has his own kind of think tank foundation, communication strategy, whatever, a firm, and he's a, you know, within the conservative movement he's one of the thinkers, relatively speaking. So let's see, and you'll notice the question and answer that comes, the media question answer, it's a good, he gives a really good answer, he gives the answer that conservatives would have given in the 1990s, no more, but this is a 1990s conservative answer to Jordan Peterson's question, all right, let's see if this works. Mr. Ron, so what do you think that would be most appropriate for conservatives on the visionary side, let's say, to be offering to young people as we move forward with the new House and the new Senate, freedom. Now do you think any conservative today would say freedom? Now we'll get to what he means by freedom and how they conceptualize freedom or at least how they don't conceptualize freedom, but it is interesting, this says freedom, and I don't think you'll see Trump would not say freedom, Josh Hawley's not going to say freedom, any one of these guys, you know, I don't know which of the Republicans today would actually say freedom. Now again, they don't maybe understand it, but he's at least has that maybe Reagan, maybe a Goldwater kind of spirit of what conservatism used to be about at its best and has betrayed it consistently and therefore failed consistently. You talked about work, freedom, I think, because see, freedom leads to responsibility and work. I just did a seminar with a bunch of people, including Dennis Prager on the first half of Exodus in Miami, we're going to release that November 26th, and you mentioned freedom and that's what made it spring to mind. So when God tells Moses to address the Pharaoh, he tells him to let my people go, and that's a famous line, let my people go, but that's not the line actually, interestingly enough, and it's repeated, I believe it's repeated nine times, might be ten times, just to make sure that the listener gets it. The line is let my people go so that they may serve me in the wilderness. So it's interesting that, you know, the Judeo-Christian tradition is basically goes back to the biblical story of Exodus. Of course, he was talking to Dennis Prager, and they talked about this quite a bit. And freedom means freedom from slavery, but wait a minute, wait a minute. Is there anything in the Old Testament against slavery? I mean, when Moses says let my people go, it's his people, and by extension it's God's people. It's not all people. It's let the Jews go. He's not, you know, asking the Egyptians to let all slaves go, and he later on, in a further book in the Bible, in the Old Testament, God actually tells the Jews how to treat their slaves. So there's nothing in the story that suggests that God is anti-slavery, or for any sense of freedom. And now, note the freedom to do what? Because you see, John Peterson realizes that freedom is a tricky word. Because once you let people be free, they might do things you don't like. They might do things that are harmful to themselves, even. You know, this is a foundational story that everybody takes as a foundation to the West of civilization. So if we're going to refer to these stories, and we're going to refer to them as the foundation of this civilization, we're going to know what they actually say, what they actually mean. Not what we want them to believe to mean from a 21st century perspective, but what they actually say and what they actually mean. Then there is no freedom in the sense that we understand it in the Old Testament. And Jordan Peterson goes on to say freedom to do what? Because God forbid it would be freedom to, I don't know, change your sex.  God forbid it would be freedom to get a divorce. One of the deadly sins, I think, in Jordan Peterson's will. No, it's the freedom to serve God. The freedom to serve God. That's what freedom means. It's the opportunity, the choice to serve God. And what does God do to people who choose not to serve Him? What does God do to people who choose not to serve Him? Once they are free. So let's go back to the Old Testament. I love the Old Testament.  But what does God do to people who disagree with Him? So the Jews ultimately leave Egypt. After, by the way, God who values human life so much and views it so sacred. I mean, He really views this as sacred. And, you know, all men are created in His image. So in order to free the Jews, the best magic that God can come up with is basically to kill the first male child of every Egyptian. Literally every Egyptian first male child is murdered, killed. They're not responsible for the enslavement of the Jews. These are children. And He kills them all, even though they were made in His image. In order to let His people go. I mean, you think that there are other like magical tricks that God can do that doesn't involve the slaughter of every male child in Egypt. So the Jews escape. They get out. They leave and they're wandering on the Sinai.   They are no longer free. Why are they no longer free? Because they are no longer serving God. And given that they are no longer free, it is okay for Moses and his brother and the men affiliated with them to slaughter. I can't remember how many. Is it 30,000 people that day? Something like that. They kill. Everybody was worshiping the golden calf. Now, let's not confuse freedom with freedom of speech. There is no freedom of speech. If freedom is for the purpose, sole purpose of serving God. If your speech does not serve God, it is inappropriate. All right. So, that's freedom. Biblical freedom. This is what they're talking about. And it's interesting. They never interviewed somebody who would actually challenge them on this and it never goes in that direction.  You know, he'll get very abstract, very complex in epistemology. But he's not going to actually deal with the foundation that he finds in morality. And the same with Newt. So, let's listen to a little bit more of this. And what's fascinating about that is that the vision of freedom that's put forward, which is the spirit, let's say, that's calling to the Israelites to emerge from their slavery and to the tyrannical pharaoh to release his tyrannical grip on them isn't the freedom of whim. It's the freedom to pursue the proper goals. It's not freedom of whim. It's the freedom to pursue the proper goals. Indeed, that is right. I agree with Jordan on that. Freedom is not about the ability to pursue your whims, although under freedom some people will. Freedom is about the pursuit of the proper goals. And a big question now is, what are those proper goals and where do they come from? And that's the whole issue. Where do those goals come from? Well, God, right, to serve God. So, you give up whims and you replace them with God. Whereas the way we formulate it, freedom is that state in which you get to use your judgment, your rational judgment, in pursuit of rational values. That's freedom. Free of coercion, of force, of authority. But you have to have reason, rational values as the basis for proper goals. Otherwise, where do proper goals come from? It's true that the freedom to follow your whims just for the sake of, if that was the purpose of freedom, then we wouldn't be for freedom. If the alternative was freedom to follow your whims or something else, then something else is almost always going to be better. Following your whims is a total disaster for everybody involved. Total chaos, total anarchy. No accident, anarchy. To pursue the highest goals. And so it's the freedom that comes with the voluntary adoption of responsibility and not the freedom that leads to a nihilistic hedonism. Right, but there's a difference between liberty and liberty. And I think that the challenge is, and this is, I think, very difficult to have a serious public conversation about it, although Dennis Prager does his good job as anybody. I mean, I think this is really important. This is where it boils down to in the end in terms of where they have to go and where Newt Gingrich has to go. So this is the vision of one of the more, I don't know, you would consider one of the more reasonable conservatives of the past 40 years. This is where he has to take it. Ultimately, the health of the West requires a profound revival. I mean, ultimately, God has to be at the center of our freedom when we say in our Declaration of Independence that you are endowed by your creator with certain unalienable rights. If you don't think there's a creator, then the whole rest of it makes no sense. You see, they can't make any sense of the whole Enlightenment project. They can't make any sense of rights. They can't make any sense of America. They can't make any sense of freedom. They can't make any sense of any of it without God. As soon as you take out God, it's gone.  But the worst thing to them is this idea that you are your creator. They think that's the most absurd, ridiculous thing.   And what's missing from your creator is reason and rationality and your own nature. God, what's happening today? And it's striking that they can't think themselves out of a paper bag in a sense. They get stuck on that terminology in the founding, and that determines the key. And I think of all the words the founders could have used, creator is the least committal religious wise, and I think that's why they used it. They didn't use God. They didn't use Christian God. They didn't use creator, which is as neutral as it can get. And yes, they were religious, more religious than I would have liked. Okay, but they can't even conceive of anything, any alternative. And it's probably, and it might be, I mean, I think the founders could. Being men of reason, I think they could. I think if you pushed them and said, well, what if there's no God? What if there is no God? What if I could prove that to you? Are they rights? I think the founders would have said yes. I think somebody like Jefferson would have been able to articulate something about rights. I think even if you pushed Locke, I think if you pushed a lot of these people, if you pushed these guys, there's no, there's mayhem, there's the two options. So this is Josh Hawley talks about this. Two options. Either rights are given to you by God or rights are given to you by government. That's it. And God, you know, it's obviously awful if rights are given to you, given to you by government. Then what are the options there is? Then if we're going to hold on to rights, then we have to adopt religion. So even if you took the perspective of some of these conservatives, value rights, value freedom, value the founders, you know, value human life in some sense. And they look and they, and the secular world, they reject completely because it leads to everything opposed to these things. Then they're stuck with their religion, even if they want to give it up. Now, I don't, again, I don't think that's most of them. I think most of them are committed religionists, but I think that's certainly some of them. It's interesting that I think Newt Gingrich, like most, most is an exaggeration, like many of modern conservatives, Newt Gingrich converted to Catholicism. I'm pretty sure that's true at some point. And Catholicism, almost all the conservative intellectuals today, particularly the ones that are most antagonistic to a secular view of the world, are Catholic because Catholicism is the most intellectual of the Christian religions. Is that the right way to say it? On the other hand, if you believe that your rights come from God and your right includes the right to pursue happiness, which in the sense of the 18th century enlightenment actually meant virtue and wisdom. Happiness did not mean hedonism. So know it again. Another dichotomy, right? And I've noticed this, I've noticed this among conservatives because they have a problem with the pursuit of happiness. It's problematic, right? So it's, they have to make it wisdom and virtue. And there's a sense of which that's true. But there's a sense in which the founders understood the purpose of virtue, the secular founders, the more secular, the more so, understood the purpose of virtue, the purpose of wisdom as attaining a state of being called happiness. A state of satisfaction with much life, a state of joy, a state of contentment. But the alternative to this, oh, they were just seeking wisdom and virtue, not happiness. You can only contrast with hedonism. It's either hedonism or wisdom and virtue. People who struggle with, you know, maybe Anata's intellectual, Anata's smart to achieve wisdom is virtue enough. And notice that the hedonism stuff is all going to be material stuff, so we can dismiss that. We're going to stick with wisdom and virtue, intellectual stuff. But that's all they can think about. Again, secular, subjective, hedonist, nihilist. So we have to go to religion, but then we have to dismiss happiness because it's about service. Then the pursuit, I always try to make two points to people. The pursuit of happiness, first of all, is an active phrase, which gets us back to the work ethic. It doesn't say you're going to, you know, it doesn't say we'll have happiness stamps or we need a federal department of happiness. It says you have been endowed by God with the right to pursue happiness. And second, by that grant, God has also imposed upon you the obligation that you should pursue happiness. Where does that obligation come from? He just made that up. Again, happiness in the sense of wisdom and virtue. And all of that only makes sense if you understand that you are subordinate to a supreme being. It's a little bit like Alcoholics Anonymous.  Happiness is about your pursuit of wisdom and virtue, which I think is right because those do lead to happiness in its sense if you understand them correctly. But all of this is made possible because you understand that you are, well, not a slave, a subservient to a higher power, to a God, to someone up there. That you are nothing. And your wisdom is what? Subordinate. Sorry, subordinate, not subservient. Subordinate. You are subordinate. And you are subordinate because if all truth comes from God, then you're just there to gain the wisdom that He provides you. You're not creating anything. You're not discovering anything. You're just passively waiting for God to, or you're praying, or you're doing something that does not involve thinking, so that God could just, you know, provide you with the revelation of what you should be doing. I had a good friend who had been very high up in the Reagan administration. This is important. And who was an alcoholic. And ultimately went to Alcoholics Anonymous, found it to be enormously helpful. And ultimately you get to a key step and you have to start by recognizing you have a problem and recognizing that you can't solve the problem yourself. But then you get to the key step. You have to recognize that there is a supreme being, a higher power. And so he found himself talking one day to a federal official and he was explaining the impact of Alcoholics Anonymous. And this federal official said, you know, if we could skip that one step, we could fund it. And he said, I don't think you understand that's the step that makes the rest of it work. And I think in that sense, all of us are caught in an Alcoholics Anonymous moment. All of us are weakened by the fact that we don't live in a culture which makes it normal and obvious that your freedom is a freedom within God's belief and God's control. It's not a freedom against God or a freedom in an atheistic world. It's good to know I have no freedom. It's good to know you guys, most of you I think have no freedom. It's not a freedom in an atheistic world. It's not freedom for atheists. Yeah, you know, this is the conservatives. I'm just making an appropriate contribution on any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course, subscribe. Press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


Stephen Crowder is a right-wing YouTuber who recently brought up some counter-arguments to a vegan diet, questioning the moral and environmental benefits. His millions of followers have vegan panties in a bunch. As usual, Mike the Vegan is using pseudoscience to misinterpret studies, to justify following the vegan starvation diet he uses to maintain his ghastly appearance. There is clearly a new world order agenda to remove meat from our diets. This isn't for the environment because the climate crisis lacks evidence. Whoever controls the food supply has power over everyone. And that is what this is about. The IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, has led the public to believe they are examining the entire climate system. But we are only looking at CO2 emissions. It's like describing a car and how it operates while only focusing on how one wheel turns. They are only examining one aspect of the climate, human CO2. Yet CO2 levels have risen for 18 years, but the temperature hasn't increased. The IPCC has created this illusion that CO2 is the most important greenhouse gas. But they themselves acknowledge that H2O, water vapor, is the most important, accounting for 95% of greenhouse gases. Only 4% is CO2. In a 2007 report, they wrote, water vapor is the most abundant and important greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. However, human activities have only a small direct influence on the amount of atmospheric water vapor. So how are you able to determine the impact of 4% of greenhouse gases if you have limited knowledge of 95%? From this perspective, when compared to natural sources, human emissions have a very small, perhaps undetectable, effect on global climate. We are actually entering a grand solar minimum, a period of cooling, where the Earth not only lowers in temperature, climate becomes more volatile, unpredictable. It becomes difficult to grow food. In every past solar minimum in history, there have been massive famines, millions of people dying.  They simply want to be in control of the food supply, therefore in control of the population. Whether you have a vegan purchasing beyond meat, or a carnivore dieter eating grain fed steak, you are still supporting the same corrupt food system. If you take out the argument of what is better for the environment, then you realize why we are in our current food system. Do you genuinely think the leaders of this planet would let our activities destroy it? If our human activities could actually destroy the planet? So what is the goal of our food system? Money, money, money. The goal of conventional agriculture is to make money. They have made the population sick, unhealthy and unhappy over the past 50 years and will continue to do so. It has never been and never will be about the environment. It's about power and money. What if it wasn't about money? We could raise all of our animals on pasture, grow our plant foods organically, biodynamically, but that would require a huge shift in infrastructure and take money out of the hands of those in control. Right now, there is an oligarchy of four companies that control the majority of the meat production, as well as corn and soy seed sales. They control everything needed to raise conventional feedlot meat and aren't going to give that up anytime soon.  But we all know what the true solution is, bringing animals back to pasture, growing all of our food as nature intended. Not only is this the best for our health, if all of this climate nonsense was true, it would also be the solution. We know Mike the Vegan doesn't understand any of this, and Steven Crowder definitely doesn't either. But Mike the Vegan is misinterpreting the information that he does have access to. He brought up that sheep were causing soil erosion. But that couldn't be further from the truth. If you read the study, the main issue is subsidies that encourage farmers to plant cereal grains on as much land as possible, some land being inappropriate. Volume-based payments on sheep resulting in overgracing pasture as well as economic benefits of high value crops such as potatoes and corn being grown in locations where erosion is risky. The reality is that people are driven by money and are not following responsible farming practices. Different land is appropriate for different things. A large percentage of the land on this planet is ideal for animal pasture, some of it is ideal for agriculture. But when you till the soil every year for monocropping and have animals overgrace pasture in a restricted landscape, you end up with massive amounts of soil erosion, the nutritious top soil being washed away. Soil erosion is a product of conventional farming, aka unsustainable unnatural farming methods. But Mike the Vegan is trying to make an argument that sheep eating grass is destroying the planet. This has nothing to do with the environment. This becomes a question of are we going to have enough food if modern farming methods are destroying the landscape, especially considering these practices are unreliable in an event such as the grand solar minimum. We are placing too many eggs in one basket. A poor growing season cannot be recovered from if several years are just as bad. But animals can roam and graze on pastures in different locations. Instead of relying on corn, wheat and soy to feed ourselves and our animals, we can have free range livestock as a safe source of calories and supplements with any other nutrition available in the environment. If the grand solar minimum is similar to what has happened in our past, we clearly don't have a food system that can sustain our current food consumption in general, let alone meat consumption or specific food consumption. Even just this year, we had canned vegetable shortages. The United States is relying on a system to grow food that has too many factors out of our control. So by telling us to go vegetarian, the elite might be preparing us to live off of cockroach milk and soy slop meat or possibly worse. Thank you guys for joining me. If you could please like the video, subscribe, hit that bell icon and above all, please share the video if you can. If you guys would like to support me further, check out Frankie's free range meat, high quality nutrient dense animal foods at an affordable price. Go to frankiesfreerangemeat.com. We just added high quality grass fed wagyu beef as well as a ground meat organ grind. You can also check out Frankie's Naturals, minimal ingredient, minimally processed hygiene and cosmetic products.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video I am going to demonstrate you the use of two functions that are draw poly and fill poly used in graphics in C before starting you can subscribe my YouTube channel by clicking on the link which is available at bottom right corner of this video. You can download my app TechMS that is available on Google Play. You can connect with me by following these details which are available in front of you. Now coming on to the topic, first I am including two header files. First one is graphics.h and second one is conio.h. Then I am defining main function. Inside main function I am declaring first variable gd and second variable gm. gd stands for graphics driver and gm graphics mode. gd is initialized with detect. So detect is a predefined macro which will automatically identify required drivers for the graphics. Now I am using init graph function. It requires three arguments gd, gm and path for graphics library that is v, tc and bgi. After init graph function I can call fill poly or draw poly functions. So before that I have to declare various points so that we can draw a poly or polygon. So I am declaring a variable points. It is an array. Inside this array I am mentioning some coordinate points. These are the points for polygon. So first two arguments 320 and 150 will draw first point. Then 440 and 340 will draw second point. Then 230 and 340, third point and 320 and 150, fourth point. You can see first and fourth point are same. So starting from first to second point, second to third and third to first. So this way it will draw a polygon where four points will be available and it will draw three lines. Now first I am calling draw poly function. I am passing 4 comma points array. So draw poly will draw four points and polygon will be drawn on console. Then I am using getch function. Then close graph function and then return zero. Getch will hold the screen. Close graph will deallocate the graphics memory and return zero because return type of main is integer. That's why this zero is returned from here. So draw poly function is called here which is having two arguments. First is number of points and second one is the coordinates which we have to draw. Now I am executing this code. You can see a polygon is drawn. It is actually a triangle. It is having four points. First and last points indicates to same location and rest of the points indicates to the different locations. Now it is drawn in white color. If you want to change the color of this polygon, you can use set color function. I am passing red color inside set color function. You can see polygon is drawn in red color. Now if you want to fill this polygon, you can use fill poly function. Now you can see polygon is filled with white color. If you want to apply some styles, then you can call set fill style function. So there are various predefined styles available. These are some predefined set fill styles. You can use any fill style from the list which is available in front of you. So I am using this slash underscore fill using it in red color. You can see polygon is drawn with a particular fill style. Its border is in white color and the particular fill style that I have used is applied on this polygon. So if you want to fill the polygon, then you have to use fill poly function and if you want to draw an empty polygon, then you can use draw polygon. You can increase these number of points if you want to draw any other shape with the help of these two functions. I hope you have understood the concept how we can draw polygon with draw poly and fill poly functions. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can subscribe my YouTube channel. Thank you for watching this video.


Hi and welcome to the session. I am Asha and I am going to help you with the following position which says, determine the domain and range of the relation R defined by all the ordered here x, x plus 5 such that x belong to the set 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. First let us learn what is a relation. Suppose we have any two non-empty sets A and B. The relation from A to B is a subset of the Cartesian product of A and B which is defined by all those ordered where x and y such that x belong to A and y belong to B. Now the set of all the first element of these ordered pairs, the domain of the relation, the second element of the ordered pair is called the range of the relation and this relation is derived by describing a relationship between the first element and the second element of the ordered pair in A to B and the second element is called the image of the first element. So with the help of this definition it will solve the above problem so this is our key idea. Let us start with the solution given a relation defined by the set of all the ordered pair x for my x plus 5 such that x belong to the set having element 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and x is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 then the value of x is 5 is equal to first when x is equal to 0 then x plus 5 is 5, x is 1, x plus 5 becomes 6 when x is 2 then x plus 5 becomes 7, when x is 3 then 3 plus 5 becomes 8 and when x is 4, 4 plus 5 becomes 9 and when x is 5 then 5 plus 5 becomes 10. Therefore the set R, all the ordered pairs when x is 0 then x plus 5 is 5 similarly then we have 1, 6, 2, 7, 4, 9 and 5, 10. The domain of R will be the set of all the first element of these ordered pairs and which are 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and the range of R is the set of all the elements which are the second element of these ordered pairs, set 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. So our answers are first we have to find the domain of R, so domain of R is set having element 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 and range of R is the set having elements 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10. So this completes the solution, hope you enjoyed it, take care and have a good day.