In 1846 a wagon party led by George Donner began a perilous journey across the continent. A new and untested route resulted in many unexpected hardships and delays. The wagons were late reaching the Sierra Nevada, the last barrier on the route to California. Disaster awaited the 87 men, women and children of the Donner party. Early autumn snowstorms trapped the wagons and they were forced to construct makeshift camps for the winter. The result was extreme suffering and starvation. By the following April when the last of several rescue efforts ended, nearly half of the wagon party members had perished. The ordeal drew national attention sparked by rumors of cannibalism. Still the tragedy remains a mystery including the location of the various winter camps. This is the story of one effort to shed new light on one of the most dramatic events in the history of the American West. I'm tickled to see that they're doing this.  It gives me goosebumps, you know. It's really, really exciting. It's just a wonderful story, I think. It's a really familiar story to all of us. They tried to get over some mountains and they didn't make it. Some of them didn't make it. It's just incredible, obviously, to think what they went through and now to see it almost touch it. The first thing you think of might, Lord Almighty, how those people ever did it. How these people do it. Marvel that they got as far as they did. I mean it's just mind boggling. It was, you know, one of the world's greatest adventures. I mean you couldn't have written fiction as exciting as their adventure. It's symbolic of the movement West. And that's part of American mythology. Imagine snow 20 feet deep and starving children.   The thing that bothered me was the children not having enough to eat.  It's too bad they had to start eating each other. They have to stoop to eating cannibalism. Cannibalism. Cannibalism. Cannibalism. Cannibalism. Cannibalism. It's all kinds of tales that they became cannibalism. This is the tackiest souvenir we can find. It's kind of sick, but I think it's funny. Every ounce of dirt has been dug. I done dug it. A lot of people ask, why are archaeologists interested in this site? And we answer that, well, you know, you can read a lot about history from history books. But historians will tell you that what you read has to be read with a little bit of scrutiny. That people approach history with different bits of information and different perspectives. And in fact, that's reflected in the Donner story. So the archaeology work is meant to complement and help clarify and strengthen the historical record. The first job of the archaeologist is to try to validate what has been passed down through oral tradition and through history. Is this the spot? If so, where were the camps? Were the camps located where history tells us they were? And beyond that, to try to provide a little bit better picture of what life was really like here for the folks that spent the winter here. The Donner Party project is an interdisciplinary project. We have made use of historians, we've made use of deneroconologists, we've made use of geologists, as well as archaeologists to try to collect as much information as we can about the Older Creek Camp. And what we have is a joint project between the U.S. Forest Service and the University of Nevada, Reno. And the project was prompted by the Forest Service proposal to do some work at the site here to improve it for handicapped users. Well, when we heard about that, we wanted to get involved as archaeologists because we wanted to make sure that we weren't going to inadvertently be destroying or disturbing any evidence of the Donner Party that might have survived. What we have in front of us here is this stately pine tree. As you can see at the base of it, there's a fire scar. There's also a fork of the tree that there's just a remnant of that tree now surviving. There's also a large rock at the base of it. This tree was pointed out as being the tree that George Donner supposedly constructed a shelter against this forked pine, built a fire against the tree and tried to survive that winter. What we were charged with our task at hand in beginning this project, first and foremost, was to verify archaeologically whether or not this tree here is indeed the site of the George Donner camp. The site has been so designated since back in the 1880s, so we're looking at about 110 years or so when basically people have believed in this cultural landmark here, almost as a sacred cow. But what the archaeologists are tending to deal with are very small fragmentary objects. Everything that was visible and recognizable was carted off first by the rescuers who came in 1847, the valuable things they took. In subsequent years during the Gold Rush, travelers talk about stopping at the camp and picking up souvenirs. That activity has gone on ever since. So the archaeologists don't have a pristine, complete time capsule to deal with. We're having to deal with the things that people either didn't see, didn't notice, or didn't think were worthwhile to take. This site was probably well picked over before we even hear just casual collecting and what have not. It's been reported that visitors would come out here and camp at night right by the tree in the 1870s. Right now we're in the last couple of buckets. We're just getting dozens and dozens of flakes. You can see that. The artifacts Barbara has here are Indian artifacts left from the several thousand years of Indian occupation of this site. And these are primarily flakes, as we call them, chips of basalt that are the remnants of the Indians manufacturing stone tools. So so far what we're finding at this excavation unit is no evidence of the Donner party, but a lot of evidence of the Indian occupation. Archaeology is a lot different from Indiana Jones. This is real romantic. We're still waiting. Kind of soon to tell much of anything at this point, but we shall see. I think morale is a little low because we haven't found anything historic. No beads or eyelets, no compact surface, no artifacts. Pockets full of bottle caps and pearl tabs and junk. Everybody wants to find something. A little notoriety. Certainly. I would like to find a whole axle. A whole axle. Tampson Donner's diary. An intact pistol. I'd like her to find a bone with a bite in it. I don't know. They think this might possibly be a grave mound or something. I definitely don't want to find bones. If we could find a coin of some sort, dating that general period or preferably earlier than that period. I know things can be maybe a little trying over there at the George tree, especially about three o'clock in the afternoon when you're just baking. And it's just like, you know, one more hard surface after the next, after the next, after the next. But I'd like to say one thing that no matter what the outcome of this dig is, we, either way, we are in an all-win situation. We really are. And it may not seem like that now. It's like, if we don't find the George Donner tree in their campsite, it's a failure or something. And if we don't find it, what we are in the position of doing is what we are going to turn immigrant trail research on its ear. And so that in itself is really an important thing. For 150 years or whatever, people have been saying that this indeed is the site. They're saying, indeed, this is the trail. And if we don't, we will know whether or not this is the site by the end of this session. Today is the end of week number three. So there'll be two more weeks after this for us to begin to really piece this together. The early on, we started out quite a ways away. Down absolutely nothing. We put in units closer. We found absolutely nothing. Finally, you can see the area there where we have flagged off with the orange ribbon. Finally, we say, all right, enough is enough. Let's go right to the heart of the matter. We're going to excavate right in the center of where this camp should be located. What have we found there? Nothing. Not a single historic artifact at that location. We were trying to test out the historical record and the archival record through archaeological means. Basically looking as archaeology as an independent and collaborative source of information, sometimes which serves to clarify the historical record, sometimes which serves to refute the historical record. If the scars result of fires from the Donner's camp, we would have expected, first of all, to have found tremendous amounts of charcoal. The diaries indicate that these people had fires burning almost 20 hours a day to keep warm. We should also find lots of little artifacts, perhaps some bone, food, refuse and so forth. We've excavated entirely around this tree, as you can see, and not a thing. So I think we're fairly convinced that while this may, this tree was here at the time of the Donner Party, it does not appear to be one in which the Donner's themselves camped up against. Now, that basically then answers our first and major research goal, which is this is not the site of the George Donner Tree. And we feel that we have evidence to support that. We're going to need to support that because, again, for 110 years, historians have regarded this. If anything was sure on the route of the immigrant trail, this was a sure thing. As the president of the Oregon-California Trails Association told us, he said, you are attacking the sacred cow. We've literally taken the heart out of the beast of the cow, and we are taking some of the glimmer away from this tree, to be sure. But we don't want to kill it. Again, this sacred cow is a symbol of the events that we're going on here. And we'd like to still recognize this as a cultural artifact that has been so for 110 years or so.  Also, in our excavations, we've disturbed a lot of roots on this tree, and this tree is over 500 years old. It survived a lot of things, I would hope, that our research efforts here would not serve to kill this cultural artifact, this debunked sacred cow, as it were. In the past, archaeologists doing pure research and metal detectors, people operating metal detectors, sometimes irresponsibly, have not always seen eye-to-eye. Our goals have not always been compatible. But we've just gotten a really positive response from metal detector clubs, who would like to come and offer their assistance in research. So that has been a really innovative aspect of this project. Metal detectors and archaeologists haven't really been close friends, because archaeologists think the metal detectors go in and they dig up sites and destroy sites, which I'm sure we could do if we were treasure hunting. But in this particular case, it seemed logical because we're dealing with a historical period, and we're looking for iron, and so in order to, you know, it was logically, I felt they should have metal detectors and found out that this just was not in common use. What we do want to do is to punch through that rock straight and just to make sure that we don't have boners on. Yeah, really. Musket balls popping out of here right there. Well, alright. Did you see that musket ball they found? You're kidding. Oh, you are kidding me. With the metal detector? Hallelujah. This is a lot better than finding the bottle tops and bottle caps and things that are littering this site that mark the more recent use of this area. Just finding one object doesn't buy anything. You want to find a lot of things, and the weight of evidence leads you to a time period. We talked about it yesterday. He came over here to look around and we said, you know, let's just go back and look at that meadow again. You just never know. That was the best potential we've had so far, and let's just go cover it a little more systematically. He's got an inch and a quarter down. I'm going to try and cut a plug so that I will have it in the center of whatever. Do you want to see it? We have a cut nail. Not a hand wrought nail, so it's post done. That's the first one I found. Piece of square nail. Where was it? Right there. Would you start cleaning it out again? Yeah. Oh, hello. Did you find another something? Yep. It's a something. Interesting. Yeah, that could literally be from almost anything. Part of the carriage bolt. We found one other bolt before, so that's, I think we're on the track. It's a piece of glass.  It's a type of rivet that was used to fasten clothing. 1964 nickel. We've only moved 100 yards from the Georgetown tree out into the meadow, and we're really starting to find things now. Big bolt. A snaffle bit. It's great. It was exciting. We almost didn't find it. A piece of the tongs. They used these as kind of a bracket. That's a pretty large drill bit. It's got a tapered end. Oh, thank you. Very interesting. This is a different looking tail. I think it's a cut nail. I bet it's a square nail. Probably a clenched nail is as good as anything. That's my bottle. That's my material. I'll be darned. I get to join the musket wall club now. We found one up here earlier, at least this big, maybe a little bigger. It was almost under the marble. We found it right here out of this hole in the middle of the texture. Two of them. Two musket balls. Yeah, musket ball. Plot 62. Looks like a musket ball. A musket ball. Another one. Another one. Yay, Kirk! This is really promising, as far as an array of artifacts that gets us back into, feasibly, into that 1840s period. Since we're just going to use some of them. These are percussion caps that have been fired. They were the immediate follow-up to the old flintlock musket. We know historically that at least some members of the Donner Party had percussion weapons because they're mentioned. This just came out of our unit. This is a rim piece of ceramic, and the design is called shellware. It's very diagnostic as far as time goes. Shellware is pearlware. It would be very consistent with an 1840s occupation, such as that of the Donner Party. As I was traveling around, I came across a round object. Well, as I started uncovering it, here I see an 1831 cent coin, and it just was ecstatic. Now, yesterday and today, we found the coins. One dating 1830 and the other one today 1839, which was just like rejoice.  The kind we need makes it exciting. Finally, at last. They also found a pewter button, too, about this big around. We haven't found a fire hearth, and that's a little bit discouraging. The diaries tell us they had fires going 24 hours a day. We should be able to find good evidence of that fire. And we haven't found it. We found scattered charcoal throughout the units we've been excavating, with no concentration, but it may be explainable by the fact that we have such tremendous rodent activity in the site here. And it's highly likely that almost every square inch of this meadow has been moved around over the last 140 years by rodents. So a fire hearth may well be dispersed now all over this meadow area. Okay, what do we got here? Glass? We got glass. We got charcoal. We got bone. We found like 25 tiny little pieces of bone, some of them no bigger than this in the screen yesterday. We're also finding in hundreds and hundreds of pieces of very, very, very small pieces of bone. This bone appears to have been burned. It appears to have been broken up almost to the point of grinding. In other words, the pieces of broken bone indicates to us that whoever was camping here was on famine fair. And that directly then points to a donor occupation, although we have to be careful when we say that. But we know that another immigrant camp might not have this appearance, especially in terms of the burned bone. All of these things together would certainly suggest that this may indeed be a correct location of at least one of the other creek camps. Now the big question of course we have is whose camp is whose? We've got an indication of things across the meadow. We've got some things here. History tells us that George and Jacob camped real close together and the Teamsters camped across the creek. Okay, well, is this meadow the creek? Is that George and Jacob over there, or is it George or Jacob? Is this the Teamsters? Those are the kinds of things, the questions we want to try to explore more fully with the additional work. What we're finding during the course of this research is their assistance has been absolutely critical. There's no way we could have accomplished what we've been able to accomplish without the assistance of metal detectors. We're all learning. It's just been a real good experience and I think it's been a real breakthrough in the future when they're dealing with historical sites where there's metal involved that they will be using metal detectors first. When will you have tests on the bone fragments that will tell you yes, these are human or no, these are not human? This could be months down the road. Unfortunately, the question of cannibalism and the question of what goodies are we finding tends to make the top of the story. And this is a story we're trying to turn around in terms of what we're doing here is we're trying to clarify some very important aspects of history. The unfortunate side is that the cannibalism gets the press or gets the print as far as books about the Donner Party and the real heart of the story seems to get lost. Whether or not cannibalism actually did take place during the Donner tragedy I'm not even willing to speculate about. Certainly written accounts would suggest that it probably did. Archaeologically, given the fragmented nature of the bone that we have found and the disintegrated state of most of the remains we probably would not be able to add any additional information to that. But certainly it has to be considered as one reason why the Donner tragedy has maintained the visibility that it's had over the years. It's kind of an archaeological principle that you always find the most interesting remains just as you're preparing to leave. And this was definitely true here. We know we're leaving tomorrow and that's kind of a little disheartening that we didn't find these things sooner in the dig instead of towards the end. We spent so much time over at the George Donner Tree and found nothing. Nothing at all except the Batman ring. Our concern now is that as usual the most significant finds are found if not in the last day, the last week of the archaeological project. And we've been finding some things that are really pretty interesting and probably of interest to collectors. And that's the downside of this is that now that we're wrapping it up we're going to be walking away knowing that there's more work needed at the site but our project is coming to an end. Basically we would hope that the message that comes across is we're here trying to research significant events in history and these significant events of history the information that's contained with the artifacts that are still in this ground belongs to all of us. So this is our concern and we're hoping that we can put this across in a positive way and through public education people can realize it's much better to know about the larger picture in the history of this rather than to possess a coin or a musket ball which then is depriving the rest of us of that information. Well at this time now we have completed all the excavations that we anticipate doing here for the near future. There's still potential to do more digging but we really would like to not dig the whole site while there are more things there we'd like to leave them for the future because chances are 50 years from now archeologists will have a whole lot better array of techniques to use to explore the past and so we want to leave a portion of the site for them.


When I first started six years ago. I came in as a regular telecommunicator after that I started being a trainer on the floor about two years after that. I became a supervisor. I love a month after that I then became a manager. I Love my job. I love it here, and I love working for the city Your dream career starts here with the city of Columbia join us for our annual career fair on Tuesday, April 25th


Come on in the studio with me, friends, and join me in this lesson where I share three steps to an easy soft pastel painting. In this lesson, you'll see how I use watercolor pencils and soft pastels together with some very affordable products, creating a lovely and prompt to impressionistic painting. I thought some blues music would be fun, so let's get started. First, a quick shout out to the company Hippie Crafter. They were so generous to gift me with some of their supplies, and I really do like their art wipes. I get dusty all the time, so it's really helpful to clean my hands. Their artist tape you'll see me use in this video, it worked great, and as I said watercolor pencils for the underpainting. I use the art wipes to clean off my hands to get started, and also to clean off my board. Now this is a DIY board that I made, I also have a video on this, I'll try to remember to put the link to this board in the description. Also I'm using the artist tape, and this comes, it's a little over half an inch wide, and this comes with three rolls. It is repositionable and acid free. Now I will share that this is more like masking tape, rather than the white artist tape I often use for more long term purposes and shipping my artwork. But I love this type of tape, again that's similar to masking tape, because it's great for making a border when you're doing any kind of painting like watercolor painting. I also love, I talk about this limb tape dispenser a lot, because it just helps me to grab things or get the tape off of there quickly. Now this is artist tape, this is white artist tape that I have on there right now, I typically get mine from Dick Blick Art Supply, this one I believe is three quarter inch. But this tape I'm going to go ahead and put the hippie crafter artist tape, which is more like masking tape in my limb dispenser, and it just makes it so easy for me to pull a piece off and tape it down. The surface I'm using is watercolor paper. I'm using 300 pound watercolor paper that's on a block. The pages are glued together. You can use whatever you have though. Before I border off my painting area, let's talk about these watercolor pencils. I forgot how much I like using watercolor pencils to create an underpainting. And this set from hippie crafter inspired me again. I love the fact that they have so many colors. There's three, not two, but three levels of colors in this. And it's very affordable. Once again, a quality product. I really like the packaging too. Also I'll have all the links to these products in the description of this video. Now I'm using the artist slash masking tape to just tape off a little area. And I'm going to be using the watercolor pencils to just get in a basic sketch. Now my painting is from Imagination. I find that once you've been painting a while, sometimes you have a little motif that you're very familiar with and that you kind of lean towards. And this is one that I create often when I'm just playing.  It's light right here, but you'll be able to see in just a minute when I give more of the color down. I'm just using one of the, I believe this is like a darker green. Getting in a kind of more of a foreground tree. One tree that's a little further away, a little road or trail leading the eye in. And now you should be able to see a little better as I start sketching. And I'm just sketching in little directional marks to fill in the shape of this tree and the background tree. I'd say I'm pressing with a medium pressure and keeping it very loose, gestural and free. Is going to be covered up. I get a question all the time is, why do you do an underpainting if you're going to cover it up? But I'll talk about that more too. I'm using a Chinese watercolor brush. I like larger brushes when I'm applying water, but you'll see me switch this brush in a little while. It was moving around too much. So I get a smaller brush later, but I'm basically just wetting the watercolor pencil that I've laid down. You can see it. It makes a nice green color here. Now I'm using one of the purples and I'm still getting in these sketchy lines to indicate the foreground grasses and like I said, a little trail. Now often when we're first starting as artists, we really want to get everything in like perfect. But trust me, having a really sketchy loose style at the beginning is going to allow your painting to feel more painterly and artistic. And it's just a neat way to have a loose beginning. Now I'm using some, you can see how this brush is all over the place. I'm using some of the purple that I already put down to grab it and add it in other places. All right, here we go. Now I'm just using a number 12 round brush, I believe, use whatever you have. And I'm maneuvering and moving the purple around a little bit. And this is really just establishing my big shapes and my concept for the painting. So watercolor pencils are great for that. Now I'm just getting in some blue for the sky. And this is what I call a roadmap and inspiration to get started. And I hope to do another tutorial where I use even more colors to create an underpainting and maybe not cover as much of it up. But I am now going in, now we know that anything that's vertical in a landscape is typically darker even though I got that green down just to kind of get my general shapes in. So I'm going to go ahead and darken them up. Now I had an area there that was still kind of wet. You can see where it's a little dark in that foreground tree. I've got another little bit of a cooler purple that I'm putting for like a bank of trees that's far away. And once again, this is a blocking in stage establishing my big shapes, the gesture, the feel, and just getting inspired before I get ready to put down pastel. So yes, I love watercolor pencils to get started with soft pastel paintings. I also love just playing with them. They're a lot of fun. So now I'm just laying in some green. And by the way, I did let these dry each time I wet it before I added another color. I used a blow dryer. I cut that footage out though. So I'm getting, you know, my general shape and form here. If you're watching this video now and you're like, oh my gosh, this looks crazy. Hang in there. Okay. I'm going to do these stages before it finally starts to come together. So don't doubt yourself. If you find that happening too, I used to do that all the time. I'd be like, I can't paint. What's wrong with me? Why am I doing this? And then before you know it, it would start to come together. So I'm just wetting a little bit more of this down with the dark color. You can see how those trees now feel like the value, the darkness is a little bit better. And that's just about it. So I got me in a quick, oh no, I'm wetting this. Oh, wouldn't that, that's such a pretty teal color to get in for some of these shapes of these grasses. All right. So now it's dry. Now here's the magic trick. Watercolor paper doesn't normally take pastels very well. So I use clear liquid gesso and I just make a coating of it on my already dried surface and it, voila, makes your own homemade soft pastel surface. The reason is clear gesso has little bits of sand or grit in it, maybe pumice, I don't know. And it's clear. So when it dries, you can see through to what your underpainting was. So now I have my DIY soft pastel surface that's got texture. Now my pastels will layer nicely and I can get quite a few layers in. I'm using the set to the left of me that is the Unison 120 half stick set. I love this set.  It's a little pricey, but I'm using it because it's laying, it's laid out with such nice values. I put down my darkest kind of burgundy and then I just gradually as the distance increased, I lightened the value of that kind of burgundy color and you see how it creates a sense of depth. The reason is because value gets lighter in the distance. And this is just a paper towel that I'm using to blend. What it does is it softens things and it takes that textural look away. Now I've got, most of this is real time by the way, I just speed up little sections. So you see how fast you can do this. This video is only like 14 minutes long, even talking about the products. So this is like a pretty teal color and I'm using it to get in some of my darker values. And the reason I used that warm color for the underpainting is often the ground, if you're going to put some greens down, the ground is warmer. Think of it as the earth and we're going to layer our grasses on top of it. They need something to grow out of, like dirt or earth. So now I'm just blending in my darker values, again just speeding up sections. Now that distant band of trees, this is where you can get fun. Things cool off in the distance and they get lighter. So I thought I'd make those trees like this pretty teal color, turquoisey color and I even snuck in a little bit of it in the grasses. I'm adding a pretty bright green, the lightest value way back in the distant field and just lightly suggesting it on some of the tops of the grasses. Now as things move forward, they get a little bit darker in value. So I got a little bit more of a darker green. I wanted to give a little bit of this green to the trees, trees are green, but typically, but that gave them a little bit more of a feeling as trees. Things in the sky are usually values are usually darker up in the upper heavens. So I'm getting a little bit more of a darker turquoise, maybe a little more neutral too for the upper parts of the sky. And it's starting to come together already. I'm giving a little bit of a light above the distant trees. Often there's a little bit of light right at the tops of the trees in the distance. And now I'm just scumbling in some grasses. Notice how loose and soft my pressure is here. I haven't pressed hard on anything yet. Very soft. Now I put a little mossy green in the trees. That's really making them feel like trees. I'm kind of softening that area that got a little dark when I was doing the watercolor pencils. Now let's have some fun with some flowers. I'm going to add just some pink flowers. This is a super impressionistic loose painting. This I would call it a study just for having fun. So my flowers are really just little gestural shapes. Don't worry about what variety of flowers they are. And I'm trying to create flowers that some of them are reaching up high. Some of them are buried down deep in the grasses. And we don't want to create too much of a pattern. You want them to have this randomness and a spontaneity. Now I'm going in with one of the lighter values. Like I said, I love how this unison set is laid out. You can't see the whole set here. But they go by color families from darker to lighter values. Makes it really nice for painting a landscape painting. Added some purple. If you know me, gotta add a little bit of purple in there. Now I'm adding a little bit more green to some of those distant grasses. Carving in a little bit between some of the tree shapes. And I'm taking one of these pastels because unisons are round. Round pastels have the need ability to roll them to make grasses. I'm rolling and just making some random strokes and creating some life and energy here. And this painting is going to feel fresh and colorful because I haven't overworked it. I know that's something we do often as artists. Look at that purple. Sneaking that purple in there. Didn't that just bring it to life? Purple's great in the shadows, by the way. But I recommend do more studies. Do paintings like this. Have fun. I geared this lesson towards beginners. I know when I share beginner lessons, they usually get a lot of attention. And it really is something that you can do. It's not that hard. It just takes learning, practice. And if you love it, if you love watching these things and you have a desire, you can learn to paint. It's not rocket science. Now I'm pulling off the artist slash masking tape. Look at that nice, clean edge. So I do like the hippie crafter artist tape for these types of purposes. Now this is a pastel that's not in the unison set. This is, I have a video on these little pastels called the most expensive pastels in the world. They're made by Henri Rocher. And look at that pink. That's probably why they're the most expensive in the world. But this was fun. I hope you enjoyed it. I hope you'll try it. I thought it looked neat with the black mat. And if you create paintings in standard sizes, it's real easy to find mats and frames. So you can create a fast, impromptu, impressionistic painting really rather quickly. I hope you enjoyed this lesson and learned a lot. And if you're a patron of mine, I can't wait to see your recreations in our homework album. All right, everyone. God bless and happy painting.


Hello, and welcome to Bite Size Book Review. My name is Kate, and today I will be reviewing The Secret History by Donna Tart. This is a work of literary fiction but also has some dark academia elements. The plot of this book is the main character Richard reminiscing on his time at a small liberal arts college in Vermont, where he studied classics with a very eccentric instructor along with some very odd co-eds and their adventures as they decide to get together and kill one of their classmates. That's how the book opens, that's an initial thing right off the bat so no spoilers. This sort of goes into the build up to killing one of their classmates and then the consequences of killing said classmate. What I liked about this story was the tension. Tart makes it very clear that you don't know things. You are very specifically in Richard's perspective for the entirety of the book, which means that you are able to tell when Richard doesn't know something, there's this tension between his knowledge and the knowledge that something is going on. You know that you don't know, but you don't know what you don't know. It makes every single scene in this book feel sinister. I also really loved the writing. It's very dreamlike, which is very effective as the framing device of the novel is that this is a person looking back on their memories of certain events. I also really enjoyed the characters. They were all kind of awful people but they were all very interesting and I was interested in learning about them as people and how their awfulness all came together to kill one of their classmates. But I really loved the inclusion of the classics, the focus on ancient Greece and Greek as a language. I loved me some ancient Greece. What I didn't like about this book was that I thought the ending lacked the punch necessary after all of the tension. I felt like it just didn't hit as hard as I hoped it would. At some point in the second half as well, the tension sort of dipped and never quite got back to the height that it managed to be in the first half of the book, which wasn't a catastrophic issue and didn't ruin the book for me, but I did note that it was just sort of a little bit less tense in the second half. Overall I gave this 4 out of 5 stars and I loved it. It was super fun and I would wholeheartedly recommend it if you're looking to get into Donna Tartt but don't quite feel up to reading the Goldfinch yet because...same. It is a thrilling ride and a really good campus story. And that's all for this Bite Size Book Review. I'll see you next time.


oh what's up today I want to talk about your anchor factor trademark Robbie this is one of the most important things I ever discovered because I've been fucked around with in life so much up down left right various events that fucked me over that didn't happen the way I wanted them to happen I've been kicked around I've had I've been inspired in all the wrong ways and I've been destroyed in all but the worst manners and the reason that happened the reason these events could happen because I did not have my anchor and most likely neither do you almost no one I know has an anchor now what is an anchor factor the anchor factor is the one thing in your life that never changes that you could be happy sad stress you know good things could be happening bad things could it could be happening it's that thing that no matter what you always come back to and it's like a flashlight that shows you just a few feet ahead where to go and it doesn't matter how foggy it is you always know what's the direction and through some people athletes for example it may be their desire to be the best at their sport so no matter what their anchor is practicing every day like Michael Phelps does be where he practices seven days a week it could be my anchor factor which is my daily goals that I do no matter what and if you don't have that one of several things might happen on one hand a good thing could happen which is bad because if you become successful most of the time that causes entitlement and that causes you to believe that your success is is entitled and that you deserve it and so you stop you stop doing the very things that cause the success to happen in the first place now on the negative side of things by the way on the positive you could also have a person enter your life that you know makes you feel really good but you kind of forget about your goals because of it and again on the negative side it could be something really bad happened something depressing that made you really sad it could be something just stressful as fuck that you're so stressed you can't even manage yourself and when you don't have that anchor factor you tend to get into these problems or these victories and lose yourself in them and you wake up only you know weeks or months or years later realizing how much time you just wasted and how much progress you just lost like I said I've been through some pretty damn tough shit and if I did not have my anchor factor that thing which I could always go back to the stress would have just killed me like I'm not even kidding I would just be dead or something because when you under so much pressure either sadness or even pressure to be happy sometimes the pressure is is up it's like yeah stop you know you can rest it's fine you know you deserve it you know focus on me stuff like that if I did not have my anchor factor I'd be done I'd be done that would it wouldn't be a video right now and much less progress towards my dreams so you have to make sure that you have that one thing in your life that no matter how good it gets or how bad it gets keeps you anchored and that you can repeatedly do every day is that one factor that amidst all the chaos it's one constant that never changes so it doesn't matter if you have a good day or a bad day or a stress day or whatever you just do it every day and that way you guarantee progress that's why I stress so much in my videos that I do my hit my daily habits because that's my anchor you know somebody else might try to promote another anchor and I'm like look it doesn't matter if I'm depressed I still get better it doesn't matter from sad I get better it doesn't matter if it's a stressing time I get better it doesn't matter for when I keep getting better it's because I have that anchor factor is because I have that thing where I always go back to it and the life sort of turns into the background does that make sense your life goes to the background so everything that happens in life it's secondary and the main thing is always the anchor so as your life gets better and better you stay humble and you keep doing what makes your life get better and better and that way it doesn't it doesn't stop I believe that this is probably the biggest reason that most people give up in life and most people just end up becoming mediocre and stopping is that they all once had a dream but they tried you know they failed maybe it didn't work out maybe people telling them you know to stop got to them either way they did not have that anchor that thing where they're like I'm gonna keep doing this till I'm fucking dead and if you don't have that if you right now can't point to that thing that anchor where you're like this is my fucking anchor I go back to this thing every single day and I'm not gonna stop no matter what if you don't have that I feel sorry for you because it means that when a storm comes and it will could be a good storm could be a bad storm you're not gonna make it because you're not you won't be able to throw the anchor down say fuck no I'm sticking right here and it's gonna drag you and then you know in good times your priorities change to laziness in bad times your priorities change to fixing the problem and it basically you live more in reactiveness than in actual proactiveness and that's why everybody gets mediocre lives because all their efforts are basically divided into all directions so a bit of the good a bit of the bad a bit of the lazy a bit of the active and then what you get you get just average you get nothing so it doesn't work that way you know you want to go big you need to be single-minded focused on one thing on growth and like I said there's many anchors could be an athletic anchor it could be my anchor where I want everything so I just have had its for everything so it doesn't matter if I have a good day or bad day I'll do all my habits I'll still meditate as hard as it gets to meditate when you're in a tough situation I'll still do the coaching call every day it doesn't as hard as it gets I'll still do the workout you know I'll still make my videos doesn't matter how I feel and that way you know the funny thing is that that actually guarantees that I get out of the problem because if the problem is emotional meditation usually solves it if the problem is financial you know growing and getting more money solves it so actually by attacking the problem itself I'm not going to make the progress that I want but by attacking at a higher level by moving forward I'm also solving the problem instead of staying on it so actually save time so I hope this concept makes sense I'm sorry that I haven't elaborated more on actually finding your anchor but you'll you'll know how in the next video so it'll be like a two-part video and then if after that you still are not completely sure how to actually create your anchor please message me and I'd love to help you for free so let me know thanks for watching please subscribe if you haven't and as you can understand I do coaching so contact me if you need


Hello everyone, Myself Dr. Akansha working as a senior resident in Department of Radio Diagnosis at Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai. The title of my paper presentation is Hepatobiliary Phase MRI as a problem-solving sequence for evaluating potentially metastatic liver lesions a case series. In reduction, Hepatobiliary Phase improves the diagnostic accuracy of MRI through its functional role that is Hepatobiliary Contrast Agent are extruded by functional hepatocytes into bile ducts enabling differentiation from liver lesions which contain non-functional hepatocytes like metastasis. Key is to have both functional hepatocytes as well as bile ducts. Iso or hyper intense appearance on hepatobiliary phase in a lesion detected in oncology patients usually indicates benign etiology. Reduces the number of non-specific and indeterminate lesions also reduces usage of invasive tests like biopsy and aspiration for characterization of these lesions. Ames and methods we present three cases with a known malignancy who presented with indeterminate liver lesions on follow-up or baseline imaging. All three cases underwent dynamic liver MRI. This hepatobiliary phase was obtained as a problem solving sequence for the liver lesion characterization. MRI sequence were obtained at our institution using Philips Ingenia 1.5 Tesla MRI with the prefix standard protocol for liver imaging using sequences.  Axial T1 weighted in an opposed phase. Diffusion weighted in corresponding apparent diffusion coefficient. MRCP sequence. Post contrast T1 weighted fat suppressed arterial portal venous delayed with hepatobiliary phase was taken at two hours. Contrast agent used was gadobinate dimeglumine also known as gadolinium bobtor multi-hands with a dosage of 0.1 millimoles per kg or 0.2 ml per kg. Patient 1. A 51-year-old female with history of carcinoma breast operated 17 years back with complete response and on regular follow-up now presented with complaint of fever since 10 days ultrasound done was normal however contrast enhanced CT showed multiple tiny hypodinflation scattered in both lobes of liver. Restore organs were unremarkable lab parameters were also unremarkable. In the CT images taken at portal venous phase we can see multiple tiny hypodinflation scattered in both lobes of liver a dynamic phase MRI with a patobiliary phase was done next to it. We can see in diffusion weighted images tiny areas of diffusion restriction in both lobes of liver which are not well appreciated on T2 weighted fat suppressed portal venous phase and a patobiliary phase taken at two hours. Imaging diagnosis was given as pseudo lesions and follow-up MRI was suggested after two to three months. Liver biopsy revealed benign liver parenchyma with periportal inflammation also follow-up MRI done at three months after the scan did not reveal any lesions. Patient 2. A 39-year-old male diagnosed with carcinoma rectum during baseline evaluation was detected with solitary liver lesion of size 15 to 12 mm in segment 8. Multidisciplinary team advised dynamic liver MRI with a patobiliary phase. In these MRI sequences we can see a tiny area of diffusion restriction on DWI image in segment 8 with corresponding ISO to hypo intense signal on ADC and this observation also appeared hyper intense on T2. In post contrast arterial phase it was not well appreciated. In portal venous phase the observation appeared slightly hypo intense and became more hypo intense in the hepatobiliary phase imaging in comparison to the background liver parenchyma. Imaging diagnosis given was a T2 weighted hyper intense DWI restricting hypo enhancing observation with no uptake on hepatobiliary phase. Possibility of metastasis could not be ruled out. Patient was started on adjuvant chemotherapy for primary and the liver lesion underwent radio frequency ablation or RFA. Patient is on regular follow-up with no evidence of any new lesion or recurrence in ablated lesion. Patient 3, a 48-year-old female post-TAH with bilaterals helping oophorectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy two years back for serious ovarian cancer now presented with a marginal increase in CA125 levels. Outside contrast enhanced CT revealed two hypo dense liver lesions in segment 4A and 8. Multidisciplinary team advised dynamic liver MRI with hepatobiliary phase. In the corresponding MRI sequences we can see two observations in segment 4A and adjoining segment 4A8. The observation which has been outlined by the blue arrow appears hyper intense on DWI with facilitated diffusion on ADC, hyper intense signal on T2 and completely hyper intense in comparison to the background liver parankymen all the post contrast phases including the hepatobiliary phase which suggested a simple hepatic cyst. Another observation is seen adjacent to this in segment 4A8 which appears patchy diffusion restriction with ISO to hyper intense signal on ADC and slightly hyper intense on T2 weighted images in comparison to the background liver parankyma in post contrast arterial phase it was not very very much appreciated in portal venous phase it appeared slightly hyper intense and in hepatobiliary phase it was again not delineated in comparison to the hepatic parankyma. Imaging diagnosis was of a simple cyst in segment 4A with an ill-defined hepatic lesion in segment 4A8 which appears ISO intense on hepatobiliary phase suggestive of benign etiology. Patient is on regular follow-up with stable segment 4A8 benign lesion on follow-up MRI. Results and discussion one out of three patients in our case series was imagine wise suspicious for metastasis and underwent RFA that is radiofrequency ablation two out of three patients had benign or pseudo-level lesions and were hence managed conservatively. Hepatocyte specific contrast agents are initially distributed in extracellular space followed by their uptake in normal hepatocytes and subsequently released into bile ducts thus enabling comprehensive evaluation in both dynamic and hepatocyte phase. A protocol based approach using hepatobiliary phase while performing dynamic liver MRI in oncology patients with indeterminate lesions acts as an adjuvant tool for deciding appropriate treatment strategies. Hepatobiliary phase is also useful as a follow-up imaging sequence in oncology patients with previously known benign hepatic lesions. The references for my paper presentation are given as below. Thank you


Hi, Mr. President. Good morning, Mr. President. Good morning. Good night, First Lady. Nice to you. Well, welcome again. You're welcome. I'm very pleased by being here. I signed this. Yeah, it's all of the Colorado delegation on this. This will be the first. Let's go out and allow him. Yeah, Tuesday, which we're going to go down to say good morning. Let's take a look at the state senator. The finest lieutenant governor of this truly great man. America is indeed bad. I'm determined to see that those who are still in for this fair share tax plan reach my debt. The democratic leadership that they started protecting the family budget instead of fattening the federal budget tireless in his efforts to preserve the environment. He believes, as I do, that a big is conserving things like clean air and water and the natural beauty of this Rocky Mountain State. Ken was a leader in seeing that the super fund for cleaning toxic waste sites was reenacted.


Hi, this is Debbie Dashinger and yep, day off at the beach, how is it getting better than that? I'm really working in these days. This is going to be a funny enough. I'm working to play for her. I referred to the other fella and said, oh, he's in the food industry. And I said, oh, to the food industry. And he said, I'm a food stylist. Like, I shall be pulling by the stylist. Whoa, I never heard of that. What's that? So he begins to tell me that his career is styling foods for commercials. He takes what the ad agency wants, what the client wants, and what the food actually is. By the way, but that was interesting. The ingredients offer wheels. It's not something made up or plastic to look good on television. And then he styles it for commercials, so how it should create something out of it.


What's good, Joshua? But Ross, back again with another video. So today has been wild. I recently talked about the whole Vince McMahon situation with him, potentially sex trafficking, a young woman that that was employed by him and in the text messages and the things that he had said to her and was doing to this individual and even trying to pay this individual off, but didn't pay her the full amount that he promised to her. It's just it's just wild.  So if you haven't seen that video, go check it out right now. But I wanted to talk to you guys about the implications that this has on Brock is being insinuated that Vince McMahon was trying to pass this young woman off to Brock Lesnar as a way to potentially get get Brock to resign with WWE. The person said it was a UFC and a WWE talent. Now, some people say it could have been Matt Riddle. Maybe possibly about that time, Brock was trying to resign. So I'm not sure it could have been Matt Riddle. But at the same time, I don't think Matt Riddle and Vince were as close as Brock and Vince. And we know that to be true. They're really close. If you guys remember at one point when Vince was retiring or retired, Brock was going to walk out that smackdown. Brock was legit. He wasn't going to no show use. He was supposed to be on that smackdown and he no showed. And it's that's definitely some strange loyalty. You know, granted, I'm sure Vince has done great by Brock financially. But that's that's some big loyalty to have to someone. So I once again, we don't know how true it is. But his name being in this mix is not good. And I wanted to talk about this because there have been reports for a while now that Brock was going to be involved in the WrestleMania season. Potentially maybe making his return at the Royal Rumble. Potentially maybe having a match with Gunther at WrestleMania, which I think a lot of fans wanted to see. But now that his name has been associated with this whole lawsuit and what's been going on with Vince, I'm going to be honest with you. I don't see him being around for WrestleMania season this year until things die down, at least until things die down. I don't see him being at the Royal Rumble for sure. Maybe some other shows, maybe closer to WrestleMania, maybe. But things really have to die down if that's the case. Now, granted, we don't know if this is true, if Brock was really involved in the situation and wanting his young lady to do certain things and meet up with her and stuff like that. We don't know how true it is, but anybody being associated with this whole Vince McMahon lawsuit is not a good look. And if you guys know anything about public perception, it's key. I know the saying is you're innocent before proving guilty. Well, that's not really the case in the public opinion.  And in this situation, right around the time of them getting this Netflix deal, right around the time where people are excited about the Royal Rumble, right around the time where the rock is being, you know, being a part of the board members of TKO Holdings and the excitement around WrestleMania season and all these shows they're trying to do overseas and stuff like that. WWE is doing some great numbers in the hype around WWE is really great right now. So it sucks that now Brock and Vince are now being in part, you know, being wrapped up in the situation.  I'm not not having sympathy for these individuals if this situation is true. But I'm saying as a whole, momentum wise, it does kind of it kind of dampens it just a bit. And that's why I say I don't know if Brock can be a part of this WrestleMania season right now only because it don't look too good. Just the optics, even if you're one of the shareholders and all this other stuff, people that are, you know, sponsors and stuff like that. They're going to be looking at this, whether it's true or not, whether they believe it or not. They have other people that look that's going to ask questions, your support in this. So I can see, honestly, some changes being made if Brock was supposed to be a part of this WrestleMania season.  We kind of got a part ways with you, bro. Just for now, like we you got to lay low and especially with Vince. Great, we haven't heard too much about Vince. You know, as of late, he's been behind the scenes in the sense of, you know, the financial part of things. He hasn't really been involved on the television side of things. But there needs to be no mention of Vince at all. Like legitimately no mention of him, him and our Brock. Now, I'm sure there's going to be some questions that are going to be asked to triple H after the Royal Rumble for their little press conference that they have in the question. I'm sure there's going to be some questions asked, or maybe they do something where they they tell people, don't ask those questions. I can see something like that. I don't know. But if if they're allowed to ask them questions, it's going to be very interesting to see what he has to say about Brock, what he has to say about Vince, how is he going to try to skirt past that? Because once again, that's a very big thing. That's a very big issue that they're going to have to try to tiptoe around and keep things focused on WrestleMania, WrestleMania season and a hype around that. So the timing of this is not really good and especially one of your bigger stars in Brock Lesnar being potentially accused of this situation. Yeah, I can definitely see them having him off WWE television for a while, maybe this entire WrestleMania season. I know that would be happy about that. And some of y'all would be happy about that. So it's just very interesting. Once again, I know it's not set in stone if this is actually true. But him being categorized in this lawsuit potentially is not a good look. And if I'm WWE and TKO, I'm doing everything I can to distance ourselves from this right now until we can get everything sorted out. That's that's literally that would be the best option. So comment down below. Let me know.  Also, if even if he's not involved in this, do y'all feel that Brock should be kept away off of television when it comes to the Royal Rumble and and WrestleMania season as a whole? Or do y'all feel like no, he should still be a part of it? Let me know how y'all feel about all of this, man. But I appreciate all of the support you guys shown on Channel Road to 150 K and I'm still here to speak to you to rest of the champ of the world. Appreciate y'all kicking in with me. See y'all next week. Peace.


Okay, thank you. Does this work? Yeah. Okay, so My name is Danny Engelbart I've been working in Unix since 1991 so quite a while and I wanted to talk to you about something completely different You've been here for a few days, right? Some of you even a few days longer had some trainings. I've seen all this nice new stuff and I'm gonna talk about very old stuff Extremely old stuff. So I thought that's something completely different and well if I'm gonna do a Monty Python quote Then well, I need to add Monty Python. Sorry for that, but I Had to do that. Another thing I have to do is I have to warn you Because this talk may contain traces of pearl Yeah, I'm sorry. Actually, who am I kidding? This talk contains traces of pearl. There's no way around it Sorry for that. Just so you know. Okay. So regular expressions or reg-axis in Python Why would I want to talk about that? I mean, it's all really old, right? Well, I've seen a talk and I'm gonna get back to that later Which says everything you know about reg-axis is wrong And I think that applies for a lot of people here as well and I want to talk to you about that So first a little history Reg-axis like I said, they're all we started with reg-axis actually Professor Stephen clean Was looking into something called regular events back in the 50s and That was a way to program non-deterministic finite automaton That's all theoretical computer mathematician stuff, right so in the 60s Ken Thompson came along and he was working on an IBM 709 computer and If you don't know what that looks like it was something like that Well, actually that is only the CPU module. There's a bit more to it but He was working on that thing and they had a QED text editor and he added regular expressions to that So back in the 60s. We already had reg-axis on computers Now this Ken Thompson fellow he moves on and in the 70s He writes a operating system called UNIX. You might have heard of it right on this operating system you got The ED editor which he wrote as well and so it includes reg-axis and others picked up on this First we got grep, which is actually just a ED function.  So they all have a little slightly different dialect Emax reg-axis as well and a dialect which contains a whole shitload of back slashes I've been told if it doesn't work in Emax just sprinkle on a few more back slashes and There you go The X editor also includes reg-axis and you're thinking X. What's X? X is fi before it became visible So we move on to the 80s and that's when this guy Larry Wall came along you might know him He's that evil person that created pearl Right and pearl does some funky stuff with reg-axis Really back in that time? Oh God so pearl But well, let's just forget about pearl. We'll just use PCRE Pearl compatible reg-axe engine this this got on later in the In the latest times, but we move on first to the 90s and of course in the 90s we get Python Yay So Python has its own little history with your reg-axis first we had the rejects P module which had API version one and Which was replaced by the reg-axe module not to be confused with the other reg-axe module that came a lot later. This was a Did the first Reg-axe right this had API version 2 and it had its reg-axe syntax sub-module Which actually allowed you to choose? Which dialect you wanted to use in your reg-axe and for some reason emacs was the default Go figure so then we get to Python 1.5 1.1 Alpha and we get a re module re Version 3 API and you're thinking hey, that's the one I know No, you don't Because that module was never Well, it was released in the final release, but as RE1 and RE itself was replaced with another module called RE RE version 2 Which used the PRE? sub-module and PRE is actually based on PCRE and that's where the pearl comes in so Okay, we've got PRE we've been working with that for a while and Then we get unicode and we need something that can work with unicode So we get the SRE module and the PRE module is deprecated it's a little later removed and The RE module is actually only contains the SRE module So we move the SRE module into the RE module and that is what you're working with today Because it's all I think it should look like this really So back to that statement everything you know about regexes is wrong Like I said, this was a title of a talk by Damian Conway and Damian Conway is also a pearl Guru he does a lot of things with pearl 6 and So we'll just call him that other evil person But he does in fact give very very good talks So if you have a chance and you dare to go into the camel camp if you will then go and see his talks He's really good but the thing I learned from his talk first of all is that You might think you know regular expressions, but they might work a little different than what you think they do and It's not your fault You see you've seen the history right we heavily rely on We are heavily influenced by pearl and well pearl is a bit fuzzy. So Regexes probably are as well So if you write up a definition of a regular expression, it might look something like this So a regular expression is a decorative Specification describing the textual structure to which a matching string must confirm that sounds about right, right? Yeah, just a few things wrong with that First of all a regular expression is not decorative It's not descriptive It does not specify structure and it does not conform So what do we get we get something like this? and well, yeah Maybe maybe this would be better. It's just not not that Right. So what is it then?  Yes, exception handling. It's code Rotom code. I'll give you that really is but it's code So that are regex string thingy. That's actually a function you're calling it's a function by itself and It's executed by the regex engine so this function Returns the result it returns true false or maybe some extra stuff. We'll get back to that later Right, but they're code regex is code and To understand how to create a regex. You just need to learn the language That's all that is to it. Now you've all done that. So how hard could it be just learn another one, right? Okay, so you need to exit you need to understand the execution model as well because that might be a bit weird I mean Regex is just run in their own little world or VM as I said in the definition, right? Theoretically regex is are based on a finite state machine But they're not really in practice. They're just a stack-based machine like everything else but theoretically a finite state machine and that's handy to use because then I came if I use this theory I can explain regex is Using graphs state state graphs, right? So if we look at a very simple regex that just says Match and a then match to be then match to see and that's what you need to think how you need to think about regex is Mention a then match to be the match to see if I put that into a State diagram, it would look something like this, right? We start we first mention a then we go to the next state we then match to be we go to the next state And then match to see we go to the match if I were to code that in Something that looks a bit like Python It will look something like this Yeah, we got the for loop there We've got an index that walks over the whole string and then we try if the position at index Matches and a if it does not we raise an error index plus one match B if not raise Index plus to match you see if not raise and if we did not raise then we would turn through If we get an exception either because one of the races here or because we are Going beyond the end of the string We continue We're not gonna stop short because the regex would never fit. No, we're gonna try up until the last character And only if we tried all that and we did not return it through anywhere Then we did not match so we turn a false Right in the diagram. It looks a little like this. Okay, we've got the regex Mention a match a B match at C and we've got a string to search That's one two a B a B C so we start With the first character in the string and we match that one to the a Right the first step in our diagram Does not match so we try the second Character doesn't matter does it to match the a now it doesn't Okay, does the a mention a yes, it does. Yay. Move on. Does the B match B? Yes, it does Does the a match C? No, it doesn't Okay Now what we move back and we move one character forward in the string. Remember the last one was the a We move one forward and we try again Now this might take a while right? Anyway, we match all the three characters and then we have a match Five words And that's it really well more or less You see this of course some other stuff in this regex What if we have an or statement so we want to match either a B C or a B X now if we look at this then we might come up with a State diagram that looks something like this mention a match B then match either a C or an X but no Because regexes the regex engine is dumb. It's really dumb. It will create two parts We've tried to match a B C if that doesn't work. We try to match a B X What does that look like? Well if I match that against P a B X We first try the a in the upper path Doesn't match to the P so we try again To mention a and it still doesn't match weird So we move on to the a and we match that to the a in the upper path Yes, it matches. Okay, the B matches the C does not match So the upper path does not match Okay, you move on try the lower part the a to be the C the X Sorry, not the C the X. Yes, we've got a match So what the execution model does is it tries every path? It tries the leftmost path in your regex first or When you look at the graph, that's the upper path in the graph is tried first and It returns success on the first full match It fails when all parts fail and It will try all parts Before moving along. Now, let's try that in a little more complicated regex still nothing fancy, but we're looking for And either antelope or ant And I'm using RE compile here It has been said that compiling is not necessary because The regex would compile for you anyway and it would use that compiled Regex later on it does not just try it with Time it and you'll see that if you do not use compile, but re dot search for instance every time you call Your RE dot search that regex is compiled again and again and again Compiling it first and then using it later in your loops is going to save you a lot of time so What would this Compiled regex match when I Try it against a string an end an end and current an end eater It will match and Because it tries and eater against and that doesn't match it tries antelope against and doesn't match And it drives then tries and against and and we have a match now if I were to write that regex around and place all the words in alphabetical order a bit easier to read maybe and We try that again against a slightly different string an and eater Encounted an ant what would it match? the same bloody thing It matches and and it does not look any further. It's done There you go So it looks for the first match. It does not look for the best match right, so okay if this regex is a Programming language then there must be a command language, right? there is Every alphanoma character is a command and And the command is does the current character match me if so move on if not backtrack and some punctuation is Also a command and I know you're looking what some punctuation. Yeah, this is where it gets a bit a bit icky Some punctuation This for instance is Not a circle. It's a dot and The dot matches a dot so it does exactly what an alphanoma character does except that it also matches any other character So actually a dot matches any character except for a new line Because that's something different. That's when we get to multiple multi line regex is Don't think about that right now we also have a carrot and The current matches doesn't even match a Character it matches the start of the string the dollar does the same thing but then for the end of the string and We have some other Tools we've got or for instance, that's two square brackets and then the characters between the Square brackets and this matches Either an O or an R We also have ranges so we can match All lowercase a through that That dash the hyphen in there right now doesn't do anything except Create a range if it was in another position like this it would match a Minus or an A or a Z if the hyphen is in front of the square brackets it matches a minus or Sorry minus and an A or a Z We can concatenate those ranges. So if I want to look for a extra decimal digit This is what I do we match either a Decimal digit or capital a through to F or lowercase a through to F Now you might be tempted to put some spaces in there just for visibility, right? But then we'd match a Zero two to a nine or a space or a Zero two to F or a space or any to an F. So that does something different We also have nor not or The same square brackets and now that carrot has a different meaning all of a sudden It's between the square brackets. So now it means Anything that is not an O or an R And we have loops Are you thinking loops what loops in regexes? Yes loops Just like the while in the for loop except In regexes the while in for loop the loops are Actually both a while and a for loop at the same time That sounds great, doesn't it? What does it do then? Well, it loops while there's no exception But only for m to m iterations Now m to n may be zero to infinity But it's still Only that much, right? And this is how we program a loop This means Match the previous character zero or more times Zero to infinity If I have a regex a star We will match an a zero or more times So this will actually also match an empty string because there's zero a's in an empty string We can Look for repetitive pattern actually like this if we we match either We match an a and a b Put that between the round brackets Put a star behind it and we're looking for a b a d a b a b a b zero more times A or a b zero or more times Use the square brackets And dot star we match anything zero or more times Dot star is used a lot in regexes But it's not your friend It really isn't And we'll show you why but first I have to show you how this This state diagram for this regex it works Right, so we remember that we try the upper path first So we try to match against an a and then we end up back in the same state We try that until there's no more a's Then we take the lower path And we move on to the next state in the regex If we have the or statement we try either the a or the b End up in the same state or we try or Otherwise we move on to the next If we have the a b c We match an a then we match a b then we match a c repeat Unless we encounter something else and then we move on to the next state The plus another punctuation that uh is a loop it matches one or more time And it looks exactly the same as the a star well except that we do one extra stage in front of it Try to mention a Then loop zero or more times question mark Is a very short loop matches zero or one And we can specify specifically how many matches we want to have And that's where we use the curly brackets and specify How many times you want to Find this how many times you want to match So we match and times We can also use m comma n So we match m to n times Now let's loops except that in regex We can unloop And I don't think I've ever seen this in another language, but We can roll back The previous loop match What how does that work? Well, let's have this example here Right, we've got a short sentence with some stray html codes in it and I want to find that that html code So I create a regex With a loop I look for a pointy bracket and I'll look for anything in between and then I look For a closing pointy bracket Right, we start to look for that and we find the first pointy opening pointy bracket Then next we match any character zero or more times Well, the b is any character pointy bracket is any character The e to x a and so forth they're all Any character And then we reach the end of the string But we still have some regex left We need the closing pointy bracket It's not there. We're at the end of the string. There's nothing there Right, so we fail Except the regex engine goes back and says hey, give me back that last character So we get the dot back and we match that against the pointy bracket Still doesn't match. Okay, give me back The other character them Okay, we get back the pointy bracket we match And yay We've got a match And we rolled back two characters So in this example, that's not so bad, right? We only rolled back twice But what if I have a longer text and this is just a generated lower mentioned don't try to read into it but there's a Few stray hml over there Now if we had to roll back here, we had to roll back all the way from the last enim dot Back to that pointy bracket That's more than half the text it would have to unroll to get to the match That would take a little long So what do we do we use minimal loops And the minimal loop is exactly like the maximum loop except that it has a question mark It's more like zero or more So what does that do? Well, the same thing it finds the opening pointy bracket And then it has to match anything but because there's a star question mark here It first checks if the next character isn't The next character in the red jacks Well, this doesn't match so it matches anything We move on Match again Hey, this does match So we get a match and we finish Now this might even be a better match than we had back with the previous example, right? And it's way faster So the minimal loop execute the commands in the loop as few times as possible So what would that look like in a diagram?  What do we use minimal or maximal? Well, first of all Use the one rejects that produces the expected result We saw the Difference in the results just now Second Use the one that does the least backtracking And on that backtracking, I've got the lorem ipsum text again, but this time I've got two hashes in there So I'm just gonna Make this a little smaller. It doesn't contain any readable text. Anyway, so Let's just say we use the maximum loop To search For the text between those two hashes Including the hashes Right, if I run that through timeit on my laptop It gives me a 633 Nanosecond on average Okay, what about the minimal loop then? If I run that I got a whopping 1.79 microseconds It's three times slower Why? Well, because most of the text is in between those two hashes So in between those hashes, he's comparing each and every character to a hash So it takes A bit longer So You'd say, okay That means that the maximum loop is The winner here, right? Well, hold on There's another trick we can do Or we can forget about the dot star But match anything that does not match A hash Zero or more times So how would that do? Well 429 Millis nanoseconds We have a winner It does not do backtracking Because when it hits that second hash It stops and it moves on in the regex Matches the hash and it's finished so One takeaway at least Don't use this use this right So a little bit about the re module. I was going to talk about regexes and python, right? So the re module Like I said has the compile method You compile your Regex and then later in the function you use your regex To search for a string If I Use the search method We will match anywhere in the string We could also use the Carrot we've seen that would match only the beginning So if I Search the string here We'll match from the start of the string Now the regex has a helper function for that You can use regex match Which actually does the same thing so you don't need to use the carrot If I want to match against the whole string the complete string I will use the Carrot To indicate this regex must Start at the beginning of the string And we use the dollar to indicate that it must end at the end of the string So it will only match if the whole string matches the regex Again, there's a other Helper method for that Which is the full match and So the full match Well, secretly I think it just adds the carrot and the dollar. That's what it does The Split Too fast here. Sorry. Um, the split is just like a string not split Except it allows you to split on a regex Which could be handy Um find all We'll find all matches And return them as a list And find itter Does the same but returns an iterator So you can loop over your matches Um sub Myreg.sub is the same as the string that sub replace A regex matched regex with another string um So we talked about that, uh, unicode The sre supports unicode Now if we have the the range zero to nine that does Well, I'm not sure how many digits there are that are not just like the zero to nine, but The backslash d is a shortcut. It will match Any digit Even it's a unicode one That I don't know about Um backslash capital e This is within the regex right backslash capital e Does not match a digit backslash lowercase s Matches any wide space character And that's not just the space. That's also the tap the new line The the page feed the vertical tap even so Backslash capital s Matches Any non-wide space character And then we have The w backslash w Matches a word Capital w Matches not a word And finally to A lowercase b Matches a word boundary Which means regex found a word And either at the start or the end of that word We have a lowercase lowercase b Uppercase is Not a boundary I had thought of doing an example of this but I forgot about it. Sorry Okay, other things the flags The regex the regex module also supports flags And um This is just a few of them. It's not complete But we've got the flag re.eskey And you can inline that into a regex with a Question mark a between the round brackets And that will ignore all the Unicode Compatibility it will just do askey ignore case Is henley You've seen that I use the uppercase a through f and lowercase a through f Ignore case and I can leave one of those ranges out Um, we've got multi-line and that's a special thing um If you want to do multi-line Regex then look that up because it might not work exactly as you thought The carrot and the dollar Actually work per line in a multi-line regex And not for the beginning of a whole paragraph and the end of a whole paragraph for instance um The re.exe Or re verbose Um Is a way to enable you to add comments Into your regex So you can build a multi-line regex And Add comments so that your Colleague that comes about it in three months from now still understands what you're trying to do in this thing So there's multiple ways where you can Set these these flags um You can add them In the beginning of your regex opening Bracket and a question mark and then the different options Closing bracket And another way is to add them as flags in your function call And here you need to do the um That thing there the pipeline to combine the different options you want to use and That's it really it took me a bit longer when I practiced this But That's it any questions Thank you, Danny. So we have like four microphones in the alleys for the questions And we have we have some time to to to give our questions Hi, just out of curiosity, um Do regex support Chinese characters you said unicode, but what are each Is that a word is that uh um Yes the the In the sre module there's Unicode support. So yeah, I don't really know how that works with Chinese characters, but Yeah, it should support that some way I've never tried but it should Hi, hi, you mentioned compile Can you give us what? And some indication of what happens under the hood When we compile the regex that this produces the code you saw water before or something different um The the compile will make sort of like the the Byton array that is executed by your regex engine So it's it's um I know I don't know how I could show that but It's actually what is physically executed within the engine that is produced by the compile Yeah Hello, um, I have a question about parentheses Because you showed an example of looking for a and a plus b string in parentheses and then asterisk How does it relate to groups in regular expressions because as far as I know you use parentheses for groups as well Yeah, that is actually a group you are looking for Um, I've not come to I wanted to include groups, but I was afraid that we're going to go beyond my Time limit. So but that is actually an unnamed group Okay, thank you. We also have look ahead and look behind assertions Is it easy to give us an example of what happens like the diagram we used so much before for more simple things? Oh Um, no, I'm sorry. I go back Uh, no, I wouldn't know how to just create it. Just sorry anyone else I do have one um, it's more basically what based on your experience with regexes and your examples with minimal loops maximal loops and um, and refined character ranges So, yeah, when we have or when we know the the input then we can compare the performance and decide which one to use What would do you have recommendations or how would you how would you go? Before you actually have input, right? I design time. Which which loop would you would you choose? Um, well between the minimum and the maximum It's actually pretty easy because if you look at that if you get if your match is going to be beyond Half of your string Then it's better to use the maximum Because that will have the least backtracking if it's shorter then it's better to use the minimum But yeah, that's Of course, you you need to know what your input is going to look like before you can make that that decision Yeah, no civil bullet Okay, thank you Uh Maximum and minimum loop is what is the documentation is stated as greedy and non greedy regular expressions Yeah, it's the same thing. It's the same thing. Yeah All right. Thank you again, and let's let's just give a round of applause for Danny


Why do I keep attracting narcissistic men? Hi, this is Helena Hart from commitmentconnection.com and today I wanted to answer a question I received and it has to do with why do I seem to keep attracting narcissistic men over and over? It's such a great question and I do get asked versions of this all the time and my answer will hopefully help you no matter what kind of man you're attracting, whether that be men with anger issues or addiction issues or men who are maybe emotionally unavailable or not able to commit to a real relationship. So hopefully this will really give you some clarity around this because I've been there myself and I know how frustrating it can be when you just seem to keep attracting the wrong kind of men over and over. So what this has to do with is what feels familiar to you because our subconscious mind is so committed to homeostasis and survival and it's always just trying to protect us and keep us safe. So when a man comes along who feels familiar to us, perhaps in your family of origin or one of your caretakers, if they were narcissistic or if they had some sort of issue, that's what we learned, what love felt like earlier in life. So if a man comes along who displays some of those same characteristics on a really deep subconscious level, your brain wants to say you've survived this, you can handle this and it will actually pull you towards what feels familiar. It will create that spark of attraction with the kind of man that fits right into your old patterns or what you learned, what love was earlier in life, like I mentioned. So it is actually totally possible to turn this around. It's all about awareness and changing what feels familiar to you. So just a little background. My background's in psychology, so in case anyone's interested, your subconscious mind doesn't make decisions about what's good for us and what's bad for us or what's unhealthy or what's healthy. Your prefrontal cortex is what makes those kinds of decisions, but your subconscious doesn't do that. Your subconscious just wants to protect you and keep you safe, like I said. So it will actually create that template through which you see the world and create that spark of attraction with men who fit right in to what love felt like to you. So it will just keep you in your comfort zone rather than having you take a step outside of your comfort zone and attract a different kind of man. It's so interesting how that works. But like I mentioned, it's totally possible to turn this around. It's about actually changing what feels familiar to you by spending time with men who are not like that typical type and you can baby step your way through this to sort of get comfortable receiving a man's affection and love. It's a whole process, but that's sort of the first step. It's the awareness and getting yourself in front of a different kind of man so you can start to change what feels familiar to you. Another reason why you may be attracting narcissistic man or the wrong kind of men doesn't matter what kind of men you're attracting. It's just something within yourself might need to shift. So if you're attracting narcissistic men, you might want to take a look inside yourself and see when you get into a relationship, do you sort of tend to lose yourself and ignore your own needs and desires and you become all about the man? If that's what you tend to do, you'll just be a magnet for narcissistic men because they can pick that up on a subconscious level as well. And sometimes they actually seek out women who will just be all about them or tolerate unacceptable behavior like lying or cheating because they know that the woman is just going to ignore her own needs and desires and just her energy will be all about him. So that's another reason. Something in yourself might need to shift. For me, I used to attract emotionally unavailable men and the reason I did that was because there was a part of myself that was really emotionally unavailable and scared of real intimacy. So those are the kind of men I attracted and was attracted to because that's where I felt safe. There was no risk for any sort of real commitment or real true intimate relationship. So those are the two reasons that you might want to take a look at if you're attracting narcissistic men or the wrong kind of men in general. First, your subconscious mind is pulling you towards what feels familiar to you. And second, there might be something within yourself that needs to shift. So this would be working from the outside in, changing what feels familiar to you as well as the inside out, taking a look at something within yourself that might need to shift before different kind of men start showing up. So I hope this was helpful for you. I would love to hear your thoughts on this. If you enjoyed this video, click the button to subscribe on the right side of the video. And if you're ready to discover the secrets to having the relationship you've always dreamed of, click on the button to go to our website, commitmentconnection.com.


Hi, my name is Andrea with Foodimentary Adventures in Food. In today's video, I am doing a special collaboration with Anna from Cooking the Books. If you love vintage cookbooks as much as I do, you'll love her channel. She makes all sorts of recipes from vintage cookbooks and she also does vintage cookbook hauls and reviews. So for our collaboration today, we both chose a recipe from Better Homes and Gardens Jiffy Cooking. So after watching my video, please make sure to check out her channel and see what she made. I'll make sure to leave the link in the description box. Today I'll be making cinnamon toast cobbler and I'll make sure to leave the recipe in the description box as well. So let's get started. So you are going to need one pound of canned peaches drained and you're going to reserve one cup of that peach juice. You're going to need some lemon juice, corn starch and salt. You're also going to need a mixture of sugar, cinnamon and nutmeg. I have three slices of dale bread and in order to get mine kind of stale, I did leave it out on the counter for several hours and then you are going to need a half stick of butter and then you're also going to need some melted butter. Okay, I'm gonna start off by adding in the peach juice or that syrup to a large bowl and then I am going to add in my baking soda and salt that I've kind of mixed up. I'm just gonna pour it in. I'm gonna give it a good stir and I'm just gonna let this mixture come to a boil. So this has been simmering for a couple of minutes. Now I'm just adding in my butter and my lemon juice and going to add in my peaches and it says to let this cook until it starts to boil just before it boils actually. Okay, so my peach mixture was ready and all I did was pour it into an 11 by seven pan. Now the direction said to use a 10 by six pan didn't have this, didn't have that. So I'm sure this one will be just fine. Now let's work on the crust portion. Okay, so all you're supposed to do is take your bread, dip it in the butter and then dip it in that cinnamon sugar mixture and then just arrange it right on top just like this. Okay, so I dipped all my bread. I will tell you I did not have enough butter for dipping. I had to microwave another three tablespoons of butter in order to dip and coat all of my bread. So I don't know if my bread was really dry and it just soaked up all the butter or if bread slices were a lot smaller way back then. I'm not sure, but I am going to pop this in the oven. It says at 375, my oven is preheated for 25 minutes or until it's nice and golden brown. Okay, so it's hot out of the oven and I let it bake for exactly 25 minutes. I'm gonna let this cool for a little bit and then gonna give it a little taste test. Okay, so I let the cobbler cool and then I put some in a bowl, my husband and I both tasted it and we both said it's pretty good. So I thought maybe the toast would taste a little bit different, like it would get soggy or mushy and it really doesn't. It is really nice and buttery and crispy. I'm sure as it sits in the pan, it'll soak up some of those juices and be a little bit softer, but right now it's not. I love that cinnamon sugar mixture on top. It's pretty delicious and I would probably serve this with some ice cream or some cool whip. But anyway, I hope you all really enjoyed this video. If you did, please make sure to give us a thumbs up and don't forget to go and check out Anna's channel, see what she cooked up today and I'll make sure to leave her channel link in the description box. Thanks so much for watching and we'll see you all next time.


I'm grateful and happy that I won the award. I think this is the fourth year I've been part of the list so I'm happy this year too.  It's nothing to do with just business. As a mother you need emotional intelligence and business you need emotional intelligence or in sports you need. So EQ is of course critical. I mean so initially people used to only look at IQ but now I think we all get it that IQ plus EQ makes for great people.


How's it going everybody? Welcome back to another C++ programming tutorial. In the last video we were looking at the L statements in conjunction with the if statement and testing for conditions and that sort of thing. We were looking at how many virgins we found and what Bin Laden said and that sort of thing. Let's continue with this example though. I'm going to save my code as a different copy. I'm going to call mine 12.nestedCPU.  None of those things that I said were true beforehand. Okay, let's do, let's kind of fix up these conditions here. If the number of virgins is greater than or equal to, let's throw in an equal sign there. If the number of virgins is greater than or equal to what Bin Laden said then we can actually do a bit more tests. We can nest some statements. We can nest if statements inside one another. If number of virgins is equal to what Bin Laden said, that we can display, oh hey, Bin Laden was right on the line. Then we can do the else. See out, Bin Laden. Okay, if it's greater than or equal to, we're already looking at the case where it's equal to, so that means the only remaining case is if it's greater than. Bin Laden was thinking a little less, which means we have more virgins than what Bin Laden thought we would. We can remove the other C out because we're actually looking at both of them in this nested if statement. And in this case, where it says the else, where we have less, that means that Bin Laden overshot it. And we've already counted for the case where Bin Laden is right because we're testing that in the is equal to portion of the initial condition. If the number of virgins is greater than or equal to, if the number of virgins is equal to, if the number of virgins is greater than, else that means it's less than, which means Bin Laden overshot it. Bin Laden overshot it a little bit. Now we should have tested anyway for every single possible case. Let's run this code and see what happens. gbusplus12nested.cpp and ate it out. Hello world, how many virgins did you find? I found zero. Bin Laden overshot it a bit. He thought there were 72 and there were really zero. Now let's do it again. How many virgins did you find? I found 72. Bin Laden was right. Cool. Let's run this again. We had 100. Bin Laden was thinking a little less. He thought there would be 72, but there were in fact 100. So right now, because we've tested these conditions, we've been using multiple if statements and else statements inside others. We've kind of essentially accounted for everything in a fancy, fun way of thinking it. Okay. I think we're good. I mean, I think I'm good. Thanks for watching guys. I just wanted to prove that you can of course nest some of your if statements and that allows you to have more control depending on how you're setting up your conditions and that sort of thing. So thanks for watching everybody. Hope you enjoyed this. I'll see you in the next tutorial.