Good evening ladies and gentlemen My name is Abram Emerson. I represent the Snake Legacy Project in the Black Power Chronicle, the local community. We're presenting to you this evening our reach out effort into our local community and into to the younger people. Okay, our first mandate is for us who come out of the Black Power movement is to chronicle our experiences. So that people, especially the young people around who the new activists will know have a foundation which they can look to. Our next mandate is to reach out to our younger people. Okay, this is part of our reach out. We know that through poetry we can find a connection. We understand that we need to create cultural bonds. Now in 1965, William Reese took the Carmichael on the cell of art, chanted Black Power. At that point in time was created a whole new cultural phenomenon. Africa wasn't about Tarzan, no more. It wasn't about process had no more.  Okay, and understanding that power runs things. Snake had a bad experience in the 1964 Democratic Convention, gained that understanding that power was the name of the gang. And set forth through their organizing efforts, and set forth to produce the first Black Panther Party in Alabama in 1965, in Lyons County, Alabama. Where the people were able to use the Black Panther symbol, just like the Democratic Party used the dump. Like the Republican Party used the elephant in order to identify the people who were of their interest when they went to the poll. After which you had a spread of a cultural phenomenon. You had a new renaissance. Poets came out of everywhere. You had the likes of Haki Murahuti. You had the likes of Amira Baraka, Sonya Sanchez, Nicky Jill Binder, and loads of different poets and writers and playwrights across this country that put out literature to connect with our people. We here in San Antonio had a local Snake chapter, and tonight we are the ones who are presenting this to you. And I want to introduce to you first to talk about the local Snake chapter, Mr. Mario Salas, who was the Minister of Information for Snake. Thanks. Let me start off by saying, give yourself a round of applause. It's so nice to see Joe. One of the things that we always talk about and we wanted to do was pass on this legacy to the younger generation. Let me tell you, in San Antonio, when we were in Snake, also the Black Panther Party, the original Black Panther Party, one of the things that we had to encounter was the segregationist mayor, that mayor was Walter McAllister. They had an expressway named after him, they had a park named after him, and I could go on and on and on about the people whose names are on the streets, on different place names, and so forth, who we even slave owners, segregationists, or what have you. We had to fight them. When Bob and Joe Phillips, and that's the name I want you to remember, Bob and Joe Phillips was beaten to death on the Broncos Street, right across the street from the African-American cemetery. We were close by, beaten to death by the police, nothing ever happened, no one was ever charged. So we're looking at police abuse that has extended itself all the way from slavery to even now. So we grew up in that era. We grew up in a time when it wasn't safe to march. We grew up in a time when it wasn't a celebration to march, but we risked it later. And there were several times when the mayor of San Antonio issued shoot to kill orders because we were having demonstrations right downtown where the Black Lives Matter folks were having demonstrations. So I am so happy to see and hear about the Black Lives Matter folks marching in San Antonio, laying down in the street. And I did go up and lay down at North Star Mall with them, lay down in the street in front of the River Center Mall. And admittedly, someone had to help me get up at that point. But that's the kind of legacy that I see as being passed on and it should be passed on. I have to say that it's very important. We have some historical material back there just to look at. It's not for sale, but it is for you to look at. Those are the books that you haven't read or the ones you need to read. I'm a professor at the University of Texas. I'll be teaching African American Studies. And by the way, I'll use some more students to sign up for my class, Mario Salas. And I would appreciate that if you do for the spring semester. And by the way, you'll be in for a treat because I teach it. You'll never forget what you learned in my class. You will never ever forget because I teach the things that have been ignored. And that's what professors do with these good ones. They teach the things that are ignored. And when you look at all of the stuff that's ignored and not taught, then you can begin to develop some altruism about what took place during the historical havoc. So I'm looking forward to doing that. But tonight, I'm looking forward to hearing from these young folks. And I never knew there was this many young poets in San Antonio. So I can tell you, I love you. I appreciate you. And we will continue to struggle. As the revolutionaries in Angola used to say in Portuguese, a luta contra nula, which means the struggle continues. Thank you. May I still defend you? I really don't know what to tell you, except this is not new. This trouble has been going on for thousands of years. Thousands of years. And it hasn't changed one bit. You may wonder, what do I do? How do I fight this? You fight it by living every day.  All very important. And since the first man tried to express himself in poetry, we've been fighting that struggle. We've been fighting that struggle in different ways. We fought it then, we fight it now. It has not changed. It's not going to get any better. It's going to always be changed. There ain't no other things. This isn't right. There's no other things. The leader of Langston is the A. I want to welcome and thank everybody for coming. Again, my name is Paul Gallo. I was one of the leaders and the Langston used the A. It was on the I one time. Those of us like myself, we were like our friends of the poets. Langston used the A. When we first came and began, it was doing more plays, but it was coming more and more demanding, but to pull together whole cast to put on plays. And we were being influenced by the last poets. The old Scott and others. But we wanted to start doing more poetry. We had drums and put it on in town. All of us that were part of the theater group's band, for lack of a better word, came from the West End. So the Smith movement, the Black Power movement, and bought those and others like myself and the others from the West End. Mario told me recently, just the other day, there used to be Newcombeville. So many don't start with very tourist news. But one thing that we ever said, for us, it started with the killing of Bobby Dover. Black lives have always been about him. That's why we became involved and concerned about his life and our lives and folks' lives. It's always been a fight for Black lives. Whether we were talking about the lynching and the thirties of being enslaved in those days, it's always been about Black lives. And for me, I'm happy to see that the struggle does continue. And it continues with you in the room. It continues when you get out of the street. When Abram and Becky and Dan Green came back from the meeting to play in this event, my concern was, we didn't want a bunch of old portraits sitting around, talking about it back in the day. How can we introduce ourselves to the Black Lives Matter movement? And how can we be supportive of their movement? And at the same time, we aren't old and buried and dead. We are organizing in the community. We want to know how can we be supportive of some of those things that we're doing so our communities can continue to grow. So let me give it back to you because I know. And once again, thank you for coming out. They shot Mark. Technologists, techniques change the thing that they are out. Out of what they say, I die. I get it. See, they better elaborate today. My friend, he won't bother me. He overstepped the line. It was cracked from pain, they said. A fighter can only play the game of life so long. He can't hide. Mickey won the internal war. Found we could ride the power train. Africa called the plane was lost. He died in the rain. The lost kids, the Mexican connection said, this is the time to ban the line, ban freedom from our oppression.  He died. I say to stand. The door unlocked. The assassin entered. Back out. The room produced a silent shout. We packed, ran here, lived another day. I still walk. I still live. I still have to build. Revolutionaries don't live long. That me. That young. Anyway. We're going to the first round of over my court. Anybody happy tonight? So let's not remember this like a library or a funeral. Is there anybody happy in here tonight? Close to be. You see, if I can go to your house. I can go to your house. I can go to the shop. When you ain't got food. If you got the right kind of color, you can put your head in there. You got all I need is you. Everybody looking for the keep. The keep was already there. We need to get back with these elves. The elves had killed a pack of. And I just want to say right now, for all of these elders who just spoke all who were sitting right here. I want to say. So I want to say thank you and that I'm still in each as you sneak around and get at your feet. I'm listening Because I'm hungry Please make some noise with you July 30th, I had a massive stroke. I'm a jungle next up. We're gonna do something. We're gonna get everybody together It's got ready for some good poetry. Say yes Now I'm gonna work with my people because my people got my list So we can start calling off these good folks. Are you ready? for the incredible Phyllis Ligard I'm very excited about tonight I want to start with My favorite boy Langston Hughes Born in 1906 and died in 1967 He is not dead. I too Sing America. You see I am the darkest They tell me to eat in the kitchen when company comes Well and I grow strong Now tomorrow When company comes Nobody dare say to me Besides They'll see how beautiful I am And it'd be a shame I too Langston Hughes like David in the Bible speaks of rivers David in songs one and three Speaks of a tree planted by the rivers of water known rivers ancient as the world and Older than the flow of human blood in human veins My soul grows deep Like the rivers I bathed in The euphrates when dogs were young near the Congo and it lulled me to sleep I looked upon the now And saw periods above me Of the Mississippi You remember when Abe Lincoln went down to And I've seen its muddy bosom Turned all golden in the sunset On rivers Colorado and Tony elder Ancient dusty rivers My soul Mama feels silly another round of applause And just so you could ride this wave with us I'm blessed to be one of the babies of the movement And I know we got some babies of the movement as well And we talked about sneaking, we talked about the Panthers And you know we're celebrating the 50th anniversary And I just see my mom and my dad and Chairman Fred and everybody And they were paving the way for us I'm going to ask you for a second Because all of this is a connection from my elders to our young people So I'm probably going to bring up maybe the youngest person in the room Anybody younger than six? Nobody younger than six? Sorry, I'm about to bring up the youngest person in the room We're about to bring up my daughter Ross Amika Harman Come on up now This is the spirit of L.A. Joe Baker Born on December 13, 1903 In Norfolk, Virginia I graduated from Shaw University As Cosmologic Tony I began my role with the NAACP As Cosmologic Tony In 1940 In 1957 I moved to Atlanta I was organized on the Houston organization The Southern Christian Leisure Conference SKL I wanted to assist the new student activists The new student activists And organize a meeting at Shaw University In April of 1960 From that meeting From that meeting The student nonprofit And coordinating committee Snake was birth See y'all, the Southern Seas We know it, we keep doing it like this But the students play us Welcome to keep the Southern Seas I shake, I shake Alright, thank you all Coming up next Anybody want to hear another hot boy say yes? Yes! Coming right now Let's bring up right now This is Antoinette Franklin Once again, knock it another round for Mama Franklin I remember when Cape Radio used to be available for us And Energy and Money were saying about all the wonderful things By being black Likes to use and inspiring me Maya Angelou, Sonia Sanchez So it's wonderful to be able to be a poet And give these things back I have to carry my friend with me But that's okay, we'll make it work out The names are many This is dedicated to my ancestors I wish to thank them The kings, the queens, the hunters The warriors, the levitamas The basket weavers, the farmers The poets, the craftsmen, the geos Those who lived through the indignity Of captured enslavement, violation, and brutality Those taken from their homeland To Gory Island The land of no return Transported from a home they would never see again I want them to be proud And know that their struggle was not in vain I think the survivors of the Middle Passage If they had not survived Where would my history be? I honor their presence When the wind rustles morning leaves Brightened by the sun I hear them in my dreams And listen to sages bearing news Only a poet can use Think of my existence What I was born to be A fighter for equality Think of all those people who died So I could taste freedom Think of the blood-stained banner Of heritage left to me I am more than one people Their names are African, Scottish Spanish, Mexican, Choctaw, Seminole And New Iberian Creole Think of my people on the banks of the Nile And my great-great-grandmother's rape Bearing the slave master's child My granny said There were no happy slaves on those dusty plantations And my family wanted the best for me She spoke of loving God The love of family A need for education And living righteous with Think about the purpose Of my purpose in the scheme of things About the blood-stained banner of courage And it's like, well, they're not listening to Keep the stories here I know Elvis here, but it's... Talk on the street, and then there's Young people say, well, Elvis in hell And hidden themselves over here So we gotta go for what we know Over here, and tonight Show that it's so not true That that bridge is here That we learn from each other That we go back and forth It reminds me of the old meekers of incense And the drummers drumming And everybody just coming and dancing And doing what they do Thank you, we cannot stop this If you're enjoying the boys that are coming out Right now, I need you to make some noise I need to know what you're out there These lights are bright, so I can't see you on So I can only hear you on I need y'all to make the noise And if y'all haven't guessed it I'm a little loud I know I'm working the mic man I know you're out there, but thank you for following me But we gotta make this noise We got ancestors who are just jumping down That we're together and we're connected It's not lookity bookity, it's real And it's how we got here And we got to continue sharing that If I'm alone, stay quiet Now put your hands together To shake y'all Be here, I'm honored to be here Humble to be here I didn't know what a gift it is To be a poet until I started hanging around some of my elders And hearing them speak So, y'all, he was Standing out second in his pain Yes, you already know he was black And he's a genius I think about sticking up this calmest thought You see his pockets was a-lit And he was his writ He steals what he wants Cause he can't afford what he needs Money grows on the bushes, not trees Previously he He prayed about it Hoping God would help him a lot In his current situation When problems were sustained He was losing his patience Bro, where were you at? He took matters into his own hands Did away with God's will He was making his own plans And this is his first time I could tell he was an eschema He was hesitant when he was a victim To make check on FEMA I wanted to help the brother So I crossed the street My feet hitting the concrete And seeing with his rapid heartbeat I took a seat next to him He knew God already So instead I introduced to him My pen He didn't appreciate the power Then so I let him hold it And soon he lost control of it The command on his body His hands started to move On the ground, put you in a bag He had things in the groove of his thoughts And he began to write Like that in my head She was walking outside Away from some man With an empty magna wrapper and a hand And yes, the sage reports She was black Her skirt was too something A hole or some sort You see, she had a degree But the bush is not a tree I wanted to help the sister So I crossed the street My feet hitting the concrete And seeing with his rapid heartbeat I took a seat next to her She knew God already So instead I introduced to him My pen Understand, when the words get inside of you And your blood get the bullet Oh my goodness Be careful of what comes out Because we've been held down It's been locked for so long And when we found the key Opened and unlocked it in this company I'm really kidding It's because it wasn't for them To be speaking the things that they're speaking I'm talking about a brother Who never got to see 21 But he had all business done His words were so powerful That he had doctors expecting money Coming to be free in the hood I really get confused at me Because they're saying Who could this be? Free medical? What? MS? For me? I can get tested for everything And it's still for free South Side of Chicago Starting to work for me What? No daily alone machine That can stop these bees It was young boys Who again never saw 21 The scale of the police That the surge of guns This simple sport Oh my God The father was shot over And over They danced on his soul Saying that the nigga is dead But at least he was booping around There was nothing more for Fred Mark Clark is homeboy Let's talk about homeboys for a second You got so many people Who be Facebook hating Underrating disrespect Brother who never really slept By this man was asleep Lost his life The crooked bullet took him out In ease from Peoria I remember you Mark Clark I say peace So now I'm just going to start Speaking for peeps That took trips on ships With no sheets We got to talk about the Sankofa And how dirty they did Our clinic They said I want you pregnant We would just take the knife And open you up And we So many people playing soccer But I remember soccer When it was just these children They were stomping on These hardwood boards On these wicked ships I speak for peeps Who took trips With no sheets They said I'm going to be On hunger strikes Men were strong at the time They said no We got to keep these big girls Eating So they took this hammer And cracked out the front In a mile They said niggas they got to smile I need to do his work And let's work it out So all you ice grills Come on, let's smile again We still bust what I tell you Hey man We're going to talk about people Who took trips On ships With no sheets People were talking about that We got to just have black people I want to go back My chairman Fred said Let's go on and have this opress People just need to find their power I don't care what color you are now If you're oppressed I need you to grow with me now Because I understand that the oppression If I'm oppressed It's not just the oppression Now I'm saying that I have to have an impression I have to start speaking And I'm going to speak life now So let's talk about the life of those Who took trips On ships With no sheets They told them that it was just darkness And even in your own foot Had your own diarrhea Can you imagine People are inside of your fire Hazard and you still live Don't get mad at me Because it wasn't What I was brought up to be They don't want to talk about it Don't walk with the same cold foot And me keep saying that We need to keep telling them These stories of people Who took trips On ships With no sheets Because what this sacrifice was The book called Holden Jones And this book is my take On poetry sharing my community Through poetry And talking about all the great people I made a positive impact on I want to get some later But I'm about to share a little poetry from this And I talked about a trip I took down I-10 Someone told me it's going to be a terrible drive But when I saw what they saw I saw something totally different As I traveled through What used to be mountains Wild life and trees I see the beauty of what was And still is Your wonderful works On the landscape of earth As I sat on ocean banks The sight, sound and smell Calms me As I long to be near And when it's out of my sight Was it just for me Who can truly see You're in the water You're in the trees And you're all over me Those are just some of the things That make me wonder About the great, great wonder My wonder He's a lover And they keep her up my soul Wonder That makes me wonder My sweet wonder Yeah Lover of mine My, my soul You protected me When I was young You carried me as I grow Sweet wonder Lover of mine My soul Sometimes I wonder I sit in wonder About the great, great wonder Lover of mine My, my soul If you open a channel You can learn something And I can learn something You know everybody Want a dollar or four To the tickle they want I got that to be better And I got my shyness to know You know I got I got all this stuff in my hair And I just want to be honest And thank you all tonight For sharing Every time I post And I see the artist come And touch this time I say thank you We're trying to put our hands together If you ready for another Walk too fast and work too hard For the boys who dream too big And too loud The boys who think and speak life Breathing out their curiosity Boys who try to change to fit in Who try to dim their own light So that they never shine brighter Than those around them Boys who pray and pray Every day for normal eyes Normal skin, normal hair Who hide behind masks And deception and dishonesty To walk the streets at night Undetended I always thought something Was wrong with me I felt difficult I felt out of place to understand My skin so dark And so brown Rugged Tough like tar Tried to scrub the niggity off my skin The niggity of being black The burden of being petrally flawed The curse of growing too tall Walking too fast Working too hard Dreaming too big And too loud I restricted my wild tongue Placed a bit over my mouth That the girls of the night Performing held in place I felt my teeth shatter And each piece fell down my throat Down the rabbit hole Each piece cutting a little bit Lending up my throat The pain of stillborn questions and answers I never ever saw the light of day I lie face down with my hands Tight behind my back I lay still, not to move Not to draw any attention I close my eyes, roll on my side Lay down from my brethren In this state, in this position I cause no trouble I do no harm I'm not being difficult I'm not dreaming too big or too loud This is for the boys who watch themselves To be found Why must we lose to them? Why must we die to live? We die face down on the ground Only then do people say our names Hear our names No No to come on and hear that piece Don't stop writing Please don't stop writing Yeah, coming up next Fuck the life out of you with that piece Cause it's so hard to fill And you be talking like that good movie That you be watching And knowing that you didn't see it 20 times But it's like that one part of it Still writing things like I knew it was coming but oh That's the assistant right here Y'all put y'all hands together For Mama Kira in the building y'all Because we should not forget Where we came from We should not forget Our ancestors And what they had to go through Because we're actually Living that today So I want y'all to take a journey with me As I talk about the ghosts and the trees Voices in my head The suffering of the dead The history that they want us to forget The slaughter of those Looked upon as animals and still We aren't really free yet Every branch, every leap Encounters the souls of that they Tried to keep Those souls Live within me I see the images before me And when I close my eyes They haunt me And as I try to forget they taunt me Cause they say I'm over the slave mentality Making excuses about racial brutality Looking for any reason Lynching season To find something that they could Classify as treason And still today Deaths are on the uprise Do the ghosts of the trees True justice is time to fight and rise Their voice never heard Never had a choice Singing the old gospel spirituals Embedded with secret messages Of rejoice I cry But they had to endure In a land of hatred A disease that came from bigotry A disease that they called nigger But when death was their only chore But even though it may be no Supremes in the skies This took care of everybody on the block And she used to make homemade ice cream Old song without missing a beat And that's just what you all do And we take that to heart So my time is dwindling down I forget the chance to introduce One more five person So if y'all ready to hear some good words Say yes, yes, yes Come into the stage right now Y'all put your hands together For Samaj Griffin, y'all Got it by business from past transgressive Committed against my ancestors for centuries And I wonder Do I have it in me Do I have it in me to be accepted And make it in the land where racism Is supposedly banned But yet it'll leave us unhappy Not just in America Daily reminder from the blind That better known as society That preached peace and love But really they hate me and practice I look on, I wonder how is it that I Don't quite fit in But still, because I'm black And we all the same But I don't stand out Because when I speak of success The challenge is a room And it's filled with doubt But if I drop a dope line And pick it up for two, seven, four Like literally slaying that coke Blind my people to shout I find this baffling The battles we face They really trying to win the war We're more consigned With what rappers on tour If she can bend over And touch the floor You see, my great-great-grandmother She had to bend over to this She didn't have cotton in the hand When she came up They would beat and kill you So you see, I've got it by business Of past transgressive Committed against my ancestors for centuries And I wonder Do I have it in me Do I have it in me to witness The unfair treatment Of my sisters and brothers And overlooked the unjust hurdles And the claimant had done It all to do with color Do I work my 9 to 5 And hoping to get by Just because I'm black Opportunity doesn't even Try to pass me by As I listen to the lies And I'm telling them We find a better guy And I watch another man Get the job right And know he was substantial Under qualified And as I look on And despise Been in his flame And in my eyes But the storm in my pride I hold my hand high And try not to cry Wondering why It's supposed to The land of the free And the home of the brave Not even 300 years ago Yo great-migrate And his great-grandparents Were slaves Oh, but it's supposed To get new damn names One with a confederate Black steel waves I can't even go He's trying to pray I may be slain But I can't, can't, can't I beat the job now It's a damn shame That hatred and ignorance Is so profound And the people Known as society Remain oblivious Really, I'm just curious Is that anybody Out there feeling Can I get a witness? A witness You see, in this country A witness doesn't matter See, I could watch They count me That white-brained splatter When I go to town It obsessed me My character That woman in testimony Don't even matter R.I.P. Mike Brown So you see I'm kind of I'm just a prehensurant I guess the community Is my answer to the precinct And I wonder Do I have it in me? See, maybe I'm too Intense to my spiritual mind And I see the devil behind This assignment is so blind It tries to hold my race In a bind where I read the race And wait time to get Our lives in order For the divine So I'm on a different mission Than the norm Cause I'm on a mission To see my speech Sorry, sorry about that I'm on a mission To see my people truly Praise because we're so Get to know this time I don't see how You can miss it See, I don't think I'm gonna have it in me Cause I can't walk around And sit brainlessly So to be thankful Whatever they gave to me Really, that's what it is in me You put in a pain in the elbow A bucket too Like a discerned stomach Cause they know they Don't wait more than you See, America in the beginning Was built on the backs Of minorities Included Indians But in history Get no recognition Only recognized For a couple of adventures See, it don't make Some sense to me How we can go on Days and days About living in order In the future But only seconds about Be like, wouldn't y'all Forgive me and say That my grandfather Had faith We should live a fight Another day Let's not let the hand Could be the weight But it's America today All the sunshine Is turning gray And all that hope And it's in faith The hand is with the weight So I draw to my knees And pray For the Lord to make a way Because now My goodness has my mind And slave Because we're still treating Like slaves And my boss said It's not under me today He might not Make it out okay So please, Lord, I pray Help me make it through These things Why is it always The ones who say That you just strap your Sleep belt on Which is about to go Thank you so much My name is Brother Montreya They call me The perfect griot My important thing is that Before I leave you We leave you with information We leave you with information That our children are not getting So just bear with me With me one second We're going to Leave you with this tidbit When you talk to your children And you go to them And you say Who is the very first African-American Female billionaire? Raise your hand Look, everybody Want to name CJ Walker Except she had a teacher And her teacher's name Was Annie But never returned Old Pope alone And she lived in She had the products That were called Poro products And I didn't even know What I had Because my great aunt Had all her products And she had a student By the name of Madam CJ Walker But in true history The first billionaire Was Ms. Malone Out of Illinois Just to let you know how incredible She was She used to collect Dolls And in each doll She would have a diamond And when she would take those Diamonds She would go to different schools And whoever had good grades She would give them the doll And that doll Would be used For their education It is important That we never let anyone else Tell our story Again We need to put These ancestors In the right places Where they are And understand Princesses And our queens Of dolls Coming up next right now We're going to bring The father of all this Back up here I'd like to introduce you And his heart King Abraham y'all This is the first round At this point right now We want to give you Some information About the next project That we're working on I would like Attorney Natasha Sharad To come to the floor We are so, so happy With the turnout Attorney Natasha Sharad Our next event Is coming up In mid to late January It is going to be A know your rights workshop It's going to be a collaboration Of attorneys Myself and others Who will be there To educate you On how to exercise your rights When you're sought Our goal is to cover The most common Sots that you may encounter Whether it's a DWI sock I know some of y'all Have baby mama drama Baby daddy drama So we're going to cover Assault on the injury Questions Things of that nature And of course Just when you're just out And police say that You're under reasonable suspicion Please make sure We have current contact information For you Sell home Or email So that we can let you know The exact date Time and location Okay And we also want to get feedback From you If there's anything in particular You would like the attorneys to cover Please let us know You can email me directly At lawyer at NatashaSharad.com That's lawyer at N-A-T-A-S-H-A-S-H-E-R-R-O-D.com Also, if you're on this side of town Please come and visit me I'm at 2836 East Houston Street Just moved in a couple of weeks ago So I would love for you to drop by Introduce yourself And let me know what you want to know When dealing with the police Thank you Mr. Jonathan David Jones Black Lives Matters Organized And public I want to ask him to inform the people As to what is happening With the local movement for the Black Lives Matter As to give us support No justice, no peace As things always say that Love and peace is not the Absence of conflict Love is diving head first into The conflict For the sake of peace in the name of love So, before I do poetry Just real brief I've never Anybody that's seen me speaking to Where I never talk about my activity When it comes to activism without mentioning An individual who probably Isn't going to like what I'm about to do But a man that I've always Worked so closely with Who's become like a brother to me I grew up in the movement with him His name is Mike Lowe He's actually in the room right now Up top This man Fire is contagious And if it's not me out there It's usually him The running joke has been That's Malcolm O' Martin We balance Each other out so well I always like to mention him When I talk about any work That I do when it comes to So as far as The local chapter There isn't a local chapter of Black Lives Matter Black Lives Matter does have official Members and it is an official organization They recently put a pause on opening new chapters So what we usually do Is we work and we advocate For Black Lives here in San Antonio Mike being the founder of SATX4 And myself, I just like to tell people My title is Concerned Citizen So we've done a lot of things recently Since I don't know if you guys know the name Marquis Jones You know, Anthony Scott, Norma Cooper These are people who have died here In San Antonio, Texas I know we know a lot of the national renowned names Like Eric Gardner And Trayvon Martin Who we also advocate and fight for But we can't forget that we have issues here In San Antonio, Texas Anthony Scott was killed in February 2016, that's this year People don't even know his name He was gunned down by police officers Because they thought his cell phone Was a gun At San Antonio, Texas Home of the Spurs Another great restaurant Another thing that we've done recently We pushed very hard against What was known as the Sepowa contract San Antonio Police Officers Association contract We did a lot of work against that They're just small things in the contract Where it says I'm just going to give you a super Very brief overview For example, let's say An officer who had a case of intentional violence Has five years that intentional violence Case cannot be used against him An officer that committed an act Then he was suspended for three days or less After two years That incident can only be used against him It gets changed in the records To a written reprimand We recently had an officer that sexually assaulted If he was suspended for three days According to the contract Two years from now That gets changed to a written reprimand The only person I can see is the chief of police We're not allowed to see that record So things like that That happen here in San Antonio People kind of just think that This stuff doesn't happen here That it doesn't relate here Another mayor likes to say we don't have those problems here In San Antonio, Texas Racism doesn't work like that You don't take 450 years of systemic repression And it just disappears because we have Great profitage That's not how it works So all that being said I'm also on the mayor's council for police Community relations My brother Mike is as well But we have to continue to work We constantly continue to work We do a lot more than protesting We've done community gatherings And all sorts of things Because we do believe justice is holistic We're not just anti-cop We're pro-freedom All that being said I'm going to go ahead and spit some poetry from you guys Because that's where it all started for me I say so often the activist leads the poet But the poet feeds the activist In me And it was through poetry That I developed that sensitivity for emotion That ability to absorb The grieving and the anger And spit it back out And create something beautiful Rather than be doing my words or my actions So before I go forward I always get this disclaimer The poet in me enjoys the snaps in the class But the minister in me only prays that you hear the message So I pray that you would listen With your hearts In not just your ears So this poem about the sheriff is so apt For what we're doing We're talking about the SNCC legacy project I'm just so grateful for my elders Because when I met with them first I was so in awe I had to take a selfie They're just laughing at me That's what the kids do nowadays I just love it It does my heart some good To feel energized And inspired By people from a generation before you So often People from my generation used to be criticized By what we call ageism By the older generation usually So I'm just so grateful for it And so this poem is called status update I'm going to be speaking from the context of a slave But using the language that's pertinent to our generation So if you're very active on social media You'll catch a lot of the references But I believe it's so apt I've performed this poem before But I believe it's so apt As we're talking about things like San Cofa Looking back to move forward Reaching back To see our future So Let me go ahead and let the poem tell you So I would like to introduce myself But I haven't developed any ads yet so Take what you can about what And where I am from my web address www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom www.blackhistory-freedom Because I made my mark in history, and I had to catch up with videos since sending a private message couldn't get anyone to listen to me. But you'll always be able to find me amongst the chains. From following link after link, as my ancestors fight for war meant for the divides, writing down their pains, passions and fears, time after time just to have it all reduced down to within hits from a mind. See, I was forced to watch children work that weren't even mine. Now here's a tough thought to swallow. Imagine me, hashed and tagged beneath the scorching sun and then praying that my wife and children could follow. Because it was less about segregation and more about separation. Because I couldn't do this if I just had my people. But as my friends this unwillingly started to dwindle, I got away from pure evil. And just as slowly as these long days, my family became nothing more than a page. You see, the very next time I saw my wife was on a posted picture. The caption read, sold, slaved. And as time progressed, oppressive turned aggressive. And war approached fast and you could search for names on the loan we're concerned about if our profiles would change. See, it was strange. It wasn't until I got my face in that book that I was finally able to leave my post. So not until I got my deceased face in that book was I finally able to leave my post to sea. I was forced to fight a war from a country that had yet to recognize me as a man. A human. All because of my hue. Man. That's crazy. But have you checked the status of me? Tagged in comments, daily degraded by distant daunting demons with pale faces. Never know what to say or think. Not even know where I was dislocated. So you see, we never had dyslexia. It was displacement. But unlike now, no one's ever able to look at a page about me. All the while, everything about me can only be seen by looking at my racial profile. And I couldn't afford to leave you any notes to read. So all I could afford to do was leave you with Instagram pictures and desperate hopes that you follow me. But just know that in order for us to stay on track, I have to forewarn you that I'll never be able to follow you back. Because for progression is key. And I once realized the thought of a day when my people were looking nothing like me. But my eyes began to swell as I scroll down my page and see that our statuses hasn't changed. The majority still reads slaves. Now imagine me. I'm amazed as I saw my brother stand on the stage and preach about change. But that's where it gets strange because the most of us agree we still act the exact same. Yellow, right? You only live once. But that much, I agree. But knowing that you know that is exactly what I'm ashamed of. What I see is just truly what you've decided to do with your life. Never once was I given the pleasure to be concerned about the report of my status being liked. All I care about is that the report of our status will be right. So instead of following the rules of world stars, hip hop didn't want you to purpose. We were forced to live a life of slavery but now I see people doing so on purpose. I've been following your videos closely. The constant reposting of excuses are getting old. Are you not aware that the average life expectancy of blacks at my time was 22 years old? We had already spent our lives in the same amount of time that it takes you to waste it. Constant laughing and knockout games and sharkishness all promoting the very one thing that we sought to abolish. Hatred. So stop searching for your problems in your book and just face it. Many of you are confused about what to do but the answer is so basic. Bring the love and stop the hatred. Don't just believe in change, help us make it. Someone needs to draw the line and then trace it. This is your story now.  Many of you are watching your own people do wrong to pacify your own sins. You're telling them that it's all right but we we believe to be ostracized before we compromise so you can spare me your life. But I'd appreciate if you'd share. I came in search of a generation that cares you've compromised your dreams so much that I think you'd have something to spare. I started from the bottom that we're here. I started from the bottom that got us here when we need to be out there. You see there goes once in time. I like the sweetest birds that sing. I heard freedom ring. I wonder if I can get a retweet weed who'll heartily appreciate your monuments and celebrations. But people already know what we did. That's no mystery. Don't become so concerned with our past when you forget about the future status of black history. Thank you. Black liberation continuum continue our man. We need men. Black men, bold men, bodacious cold men. No dirt men, hope men, hope against the man men. Water men, spirit men, soul men, they men to save. For the next round my call Okay. It's a pleasure to be here with you all and some of you probably know me for one of the things that you know me for. God I can't do this with a strength. And I'm surprised at how I don't feel heavy because there's so much love in this room. We have a bright future ahead of us because we understand where we've been and we're getting it. Let me just do this piece. I've been at saxophone. I've been at trombone. I've been at jazz song. My voice is a microphone I am piano keys. My walk is a symphony. My heels stick like a tambourine. Yeah, music is my give me jazz, jazz is an adaptation. I think my flesh was waiting its creation through cold trains, things saxophone notes, change of clay and Adam's missing rib. And as dizzy the less me can rest me moment and shape me to the sound of supple trumpet tubes.  I let the pitch of its shelter over kitty clock drum taps have a musical spat with the rainbow in my smile. And for a while I drowned my mind in the lines of an old Louis Armstrong song is the breath from his cheeks pushed me along. And from then on, I knew my spirit along with Dexter Gordon, great soul, bowed me among the ranks with Charlie Parker and Johnny Hodges as the instrumental music massage my temples, changing the tempo of my thoughts completely. I've been dwelling on Duke Ellington keystrokes, mental images both of his elegance and with relevance for my thought patterns slinger and limbo in the summer's resonance of a high forward jazzy dream team. So stream me and not Perry's piano pounding, clean me the montage of cool and big band swing worldly on the surface of a monolid color scheme. Harla Mahavidy's and Dutch DC chocolate browns catch me this movement of symphonic sound and I would never come down from the very high found my blood, the loneliest munk kind of funk or truth. Lena Horne Tuna, croon from Sarah Vaughn to Spana, mid-morning press for my bunch of blues, doesn't want to be as jazz, as jazz, a renovated soul and innovative from old and inundated with cold drops of rain just as inflamed as they are nervously drunk with this neoclassical, loneliest, munk kind of funk. So give it to me, live it through, say it to me, play it through me, I am a vessel, an instrument, a significant infant, adolescent, an imminent woman projecting, expressing this air-inspired art form. My body performs in every minute of every passing day for decades. You can hear me jazz, woodwind percussion string with discussion brass like ears. Baby, I am containing, becoming and being possessing. I have as much as with such class of a loneliest, munk kind of funk. To everyone, but I want to give a shout out to the non-African Americans that were brave enough to say, I stand and alive with you and your cause, because we have to make our brothers and sisters' causes our only embrace them, and we move forward together, amen. So I want to thank this gentleman who is woke, as we like to say. He's brand new to being a grandfather. He just had his first grandbaby. He's a writer and a journalist. Put your hands together for the next poet to this mic. Don Mathis. And forty, forty-seven years ago, I thought, because that's how the world's going. Well, about a year ago, a woman, this time, and I'm a tailor once everybody in the city to read it. He goes to the library, there's ten copies right there about to check out this. When I was a teenager, I read Black Lives Matter, I wanted to read more. I read Autobiography of Margaret Maddox. These books are still in print. I go back to the source and read the stuff. There's an excellent book, there's an audio book of it, and I call it the Reverend Martin Luther King's Greatest Hits. It's called The Locket Midnight, and it's his most popular sermon that he gave throughout his life. So somebody has Martin Luther King. He says, what is your favorite book? She says, Matthew, Mark Luther King's Greatest Hits. So I stole this, I stole this from Matthew. I am the landlord who lives upstairs. You are the greatest. Your apartment is fantastic. Your lease agreement is okay for us as it is for you. Today we ask you for a break, just like we give a guy down the hall break. Don't make it too easy for us to cheat others keep our cars in power running smoothly because you are the best CEO of the most birth friendly corporation that we ever saw. Say it out. This is my Gospel. You've heard of the Gospel of Matthew, Mark Luther King John. This is the Gospel for everyone. I believe in the life, laughter, love, and all that. A person you can count on, a person who wants you back. I'm a believer, a singer, a pacifist, a humane humanist. I think everyone should seek their own way and no one is at the right to force you to pray. You're free to praise your deity of choice to worship and silence or to raise your voice. It's fine if you want to do a Buddhist dance or if you want to do an Indian chant. If your belief is a disbelief in God, that's okay with me and my sanctified dog. I support your freedom to do as you please just as long as you don't hurt me or the trees for everything is precious on planet earth and I confirm and respect everyone's worth. I see the dignity in every person and I see equity in human relations. An aspect of our association is our motivation for social action. Truth and meaning and a right of one's conscience are keystones of our community's essence. What is important for social interaction, liberty, justice, and human compassion? We are liberal but we're also religious and we are diverse but we hold a main purpose. Spiritual growth is a goal to espouse the earth is similar to a mighty house. We all strive for the democratic process and we respect the web of existence. For we know that we are all interconnected and we're happier when we're all accepted. Love is the spirit and services to call. This is my information to want it all. I'm glad we have different. I'm glad we can share it's effort is to be gentle when you care. I'll take action to improve and become good and I'll start right here in my own neighborhood. Our minds may reject it but it is a key to stay open to new possibilities. The point I'm making should be clear here. Feel I own self and to your brothers always be true. Thank you for all, Mathis. I'm always messing with them because I think it's the greatest joy ever to see.  Next to the mic, the poets that I don't know, I will be coming up with interesting introductions for them. Word on the street that the next poet, she is a double-dunch champion, double-dunch champion on the Chippen Circuit. Don't give her a warm round of applause, pause, I can't talk.  I'll give her a round of applause. Ms. Britney Ward. That was interesting. Hello, my name's Britney Ward. I'm originally from Determ, Michigan. Like when I walked in, I appreciated the energy because it didn't remind me of home so that's good. So from my job here, I mentor our tutor students, so what we're going to do today is go back to the classroom. So today's word, black privilege.  Prejudice dates all the way back to working in the village, working in conditions where they caught us nothing but field niggers. Freedom Massa never thought of, had us wading in the water, swinging low, sweet chariot, thanks Harriet, I'm trapped no longer. Strange fruit on trees, water brought us down to our knees, Martin King had a dream, Shabbat spoke by any means. But necessarily we woke up, put our fists up, and they choked up.  You don't have to be as dark as me, slower as Sandra couldn't stand your dream I wanted, skittles and tea, it's inappropriate and I'm not your personal commodity. The history when you paint your face is darkest than me. Go into your spiritual, you wish it could be so lyrical, and versatile, our dance moves is a miracle. The darker the youth, the darker the cute, the darker the skin, the darker the cool.   Latima gave us life, and Boikey gave us heart control, shoes take home the soul and gold, black privilege cannot be sold. 2016 and we still out here, poison our city cause, lesion there. We'll make the signs, provide the camera, replace the instructions, everywhere, black privilege. Thank you, Klex.


Well welcome also for me. I've just come back from Washington so I can tell you that I'm very glad to be here. And I'm just going to talk a little bit about the kinds of things that we worked on at DOE. But I'm happy to answer questions pretty much anytime so this can be a conversation rather than a lecture. But I'll try to give you some examples of how we thought about the portfolio of research that makes sense for the country as a whole. With some examples because I guess it's that many of you in some way or another might intersect with some of these. And as I say, I'm happy to answer questions along the way. If you think about the energy system as a whole, we really want... So any chance we can get rid of the lights on the screen? We're looking for really three big parts of how energy interacts with modern society. One is economic cost matter. Energy is a cost that flows through into absolutely everything else. It's done as a commodity so the margins are small. And so our competitiveness internationally and nationally depends on how well we do that part of it. The environmental side is I think now so firmly established that political ups and downs will be part of this a lot to this. But the climate change is something we really do have to deal with this in this century. There are lots of other impacts I'll talk about those for in a bit. And then national security, ensuring supply and having... Just examples of Houston and Florida here in the last few days illustrate how hard it is to live your modern life if you don't have electricity, for example. Your mic is not turned on. How many engineers does it take to... There we go. I'll let that set better. So if you think about all those people in Florida and Houston that try to go to the grocery store, a grocery store can't actually sell you anything today unless they have electricity because they don't know what anything costs. It's all done with the scanners. And you say, well, okay, but that's just the way things have developed. So assuring supply and making sure that it's done in a way that's diversified and not easily disrupted is important too. So you say, well, okay, wrong direction. I kind of said most of this stuff that particularly on the economic side, it involves jobs on the environmental side. It's partly greenhouse gas emissions and climate change, but it's also very much about health effects. As the fraction of coal, for example, in the energy mix goes down, there are real benefits that come from fewer criteria pollutants and fewer particulates and those kinds of things. And I've already really talked about the security side. So the assigned topic here was innovation. And it's worth spending just a minute in thinking about how innovation happens. And up there in red is the kind of, well, I called it the standard model. I don't know if it's really standard, but people often say, well, especially those who don't want to spend money at the government level, say, well, it's okay to do some science, but if it's of any use to anyone, then industries should do the work and that's it. And so this model is that the university or national lab researcher discovers something cool and then writes a scientific paper, publishes it, and then hands it off and everything goes smoothly. My view is it doesn't really actually work that way, that if you think about penetrating big existing markets for energy supplies and even if you have some interesting new device, well, how about a Tesla, for example? You have to work very hard, one, to iterate enough to have that thing that be substantially better than what you can buy for less money somewhere else requires lots of iteration, lots of design constraints, lots of work to improve the cost aspects of manufacturing. So it's this deeply interconnected process that really requires all kinds of skills and not just the technical skills. So you'll see, as I talk about what DOE has done in the past, at least, it's an attempt to populate a portfolio of ways to approach R&D that will satisfy lots of these pieces. Costs matter, I said this before, but it's hard to say this enough that it really does matter how expensive something is. But costs are not set in stone. I'll show you in a minute that the cost of renewable technologies and batteries and LEDs, for example, have come down dramatically in the past. And then I would say that innovation accelerates when we have good connection between the sciences and engineering and the social science and behavioral side of all of this to the extent that we can create that conversation. The applications can illuminate the need for the science, the science can offer opportunities for the applications and we can figure out how to get all this in place in a way that actually penetrates the markets. So I said that costs are not immutable. This is just an example of that.  And it's because once people start doing these things at scale, they figure out better ways to do them. The solar market here, the solar PV market is a good example of that. The transistor market, the earliest transistors cost a whole lot, but now we can put millions of them in a tiny little space. So all these things driving technologies down, the learning curves is an important part of evolving toward the future. So this is a plot of what the costs, if you went out to buy a wind turbine or sort of distributed PV, that this would be solar cells on your roof or your backyard, utility scales, PV. This is battery cost, this is modeled for production at scale. And LEDs, you can see dramatic reductions over a pretty short time period. Now part of this was, you know, on the PV side, this was a big, big in developing market. Germany put in a feed-in tariff that encouraged lots of Chinese investment, probably a little too much, which led to competition that made it hard for companies in the United States, but overall the prices came down. And you can see the level of reductions, 40% for land-based wind, 50% roughly for distributed solar, and 60% for utility-scale solar. That's because those markets have really opened up. People are investing now in those kinds of renewables, and by doing it at scale, the costs have come down. LEDs are down by an astonishing 94% over this time period. It wasn't very long ago where you went in the store, you looked at the cost, and you said, I think I'll wait on those. But now the lifecycle cost of an LED here is just much, much, much lower than, and even the initial purchase cost. And I think there's actually a lesson in that. When you're trying to get to scale for something that costs a few dollars, that's different from trying to get to scale for a coal-fired power plant with carbon-captured storage or a nuclear power plant where you might be talking about $7 or $8 billion for the nuke anyway. And you just are going to buy more of the little ones, and so people can invest in that in a way that doesn't require such a big upfront cost. So anyhow, quite significant progress over the last few years. And a trend that says, you know, if we can continue to drive those costs down, then we'll have a competitive economy and one that is well supported. So a question that sometimes asks is, well, why should government do this stuff? Industry in this country and around the world has shown that it can innovate and certainly that's true. It's an important part of it. Particularly in recent years, industry has tended to focus on things that are nearer term, maybe the next five years to make it into something in production. And because margins are low, if you look at the, if you look at kind of industries here, pharmaceuticals, this is R&D as a percent of the sales and pharmaceuticals spend 17%, to get to automobiles it's 2.5%, utilities 0.2% and petroleum products down around a tenth of a percent. So, and if you look at the innovation side of things, there was a big burst of money spent. This is during the Recovery Act, during the recession, the government spent lots of money in these areas. But that has declined. China's spending on clean energy technology has increased dramatically. And I think they're hoping, I think, to capitalize on the fact that the US seems to be pulling back. Clean energy venture funds went through kind of a peak here and then I think the venture community said, gee, we're used to turning these things around in five years and going 10x on our money. That doesn't happen in energy technologies because we have to penetrate a big existing market. So I think the argument here is that there is in fact a role here, that this piece of investment in both the fundamentals and in the early stage commercialization of technologies is something that's not being done as effectively across the industry setting as it could be. So this all matters, of course, as well for being able to meet both the commitments of the Paris Agreement and the real underlying need, which is to deal with climate change. This is a set of, these are economic simulations run by a model called NEMS. And basically what we did here was to take the business as usual EIA estimates of energy use and then add in some cases where we put in a carbon price of $10 a ton or $20 a ton. The advanced technology cases where we took all the DOE goals for improving the cost of solar or any one of the other technologies and said, okay, we meet those whenever we plan to. And that leads to reduction in CO2 emissions. But it turns out you really need to push harder in order to get something like the trajectory to prevent more than two degrees C increase in climate change. So this is just another version of the argument that says, look, we need all the tools we have now plus some more tools that we need to invent in order to get where we need to go on climate change. So he said, okay, fine, I'm convinced now. What do we have to work with? And if there's any one idea I'd like to leave you with here, it is the idea of a portfolio. The thing about research is that there's a kind of endless supply of interesting questions to work on. And, you know, some of those things we're going to make real progress on. And some of them we're going to run into a roadblock either because some other piece of knowledge or design doesn't yet exist and we'll need that. But the thing is you don't know in advance which ones of those things are really going to pay off. So you do what everybody does with their stock portfolios too, which is to invest across the full range knowing that the sum total will produce lots of good stuff even though if you don't know exactly which pathway will be the most productive. So on one side there's the science program. Basic Energy Sciences does lots of the chemistry and material science and subsurface flow work. Nuclear physics, that's kind of fundamentals, high energy physics also fundamentals. This is particle accelerators and astrophysics out in the planet. Biological and environmental research, these are, this is where climate change research plus understanding biological systems and how they all flow into all of this. And fusion, both the International Fusion Reactor and the Domestic Program and then the Advanced Scientific Computing. So that collection of programs under the Office of Science, it's about, it's almost $5 billion. It supports 10 national labs including Slack here on campus and Lawrence Berkeley across the bay. So it's a big program. The applied energy programs, energy efficiency and renewable energy, that's where the energy efficiency side of course is one thing that we could do a lot better in this country. And you saw some of the results of the renewables work. Fossil energy, nuclear energy and something called electricity delivery and energy reliability. This is really the grid and I'll say much more about that now because one of the ways you make the whole system be more resilient is to have a better grid. We used something called energy frontier research centers. These are ways to bring people together. They might be at a university or they might be led by a national lab with university participants. They tend to bring people together working across a variety of disciplines to work on some specific problem, typically about $5 million a year. We also did some energy hubs. So one on advanced batteries for example, that these are tend to be a little bigger at about the $25 million a year range. And then we use something called cross cuts. So it turns out that if you want to make the grid better so that you can accommodate intermittent renewables and be resilient when there are hurricanes and it's cyber secure and all those things. Then there are lots of things to do. It might range from power electronics to replace these big expensive and slow to build transformers, active controls on where power goes. So those would be fundamental material science. But it's also the business of understanding the system and managing it and responding on time scales that are too short for humans. So it turns out the expertise for all of that is distributed across the agency. Some of it was in energy efficiency and renewable energy. Some of it is in the fundamental mathematics of all this in the Office of Science and some of it was in the Office of Electricity. So we said, well look, it makes sense for us to try to manage all of this as a single entity recognizing that you still have to work with Congress because those appropriations are handled separately. So there's a little sand in the gears that comes from that part of it. But nevertheless we and we were able to convince the Office of Management and Budget that this was a good way to think about it. There's some more areas listed here. Congress was harder to convince and determined to make sure that we spent the money in the appropriate slots. So it took some effort to manage all that but I still think it's a good way to think about how to work on the problems. ARPA-E, this was an attempt to say, OK, look, there is this period of early sort of, you know, the science of the advanced material for power electronics is now well enough in hand that we can start thinking about products. But there's still a lot of work that has to go into making something that you can actually sell and developing the ability to manufacture and all those kinds of things. And that next stage of the early stage commercialization is kind of where ARPA-E focused. We have, of course, 17 national labs, 13 of them were in the part that I looked after at DOE. Then there are three national security labs and one devoted to cleaning up after nuclear weapons manufacturing. And then finally there was the loan programs office. You know, I pointed out that the cost of many renewables had come down including utility-scale solar. The loan programs office helped finance, with loan guarantees, the first five utility-scale PV systems. After that, the financial community looked at them and go, oh, OK, we see how this works, we can do this. And now the loan programs office doesn't do that anymore. They don't need to. It just helped at that stage of things. So you say, well, OK, now I know you can't read all this probably. But this is a snapshot of where the portfolio was in 2016.  And fuels were one way to think about it. And then the cross-cuts were down here. The numbers indicate the budget amounts. And the colors up here tell you which part of DOE funded them. So again, we tried to think about the portfolio as a whole as a way to work on pieces that all are important in a well-functioning portfolio. And if you looked here at Stanford, not every box here would be occupied. But there's work going on here funded either by DOE or NSF or lots of other, perhaps even industry, that work on many of these kinds of systems as well. So we have a program that's pretty well across that portfolio. I'll give you a few examples. And I can see I'm low in time here. So I'll stop because I want to be able to answer questions. So on the grid, the old grid was a modest number of big generating resources, radio, all of us sitting out at the edge. The new one is going to be much more resilient in the sense that we'll have microgrids. So in places like Florida, you might be able to bring back on the microgrid around Miami, which I think actually does not yet exist. But in any case, you get the idea that to bring that on even before it can talk to the full grid, can deal with the intermentancy of the fact that the sun doesn't always shine or the wind doesn't always blow. And sometimes it blows too hard. But now you need to manage all of this and you need to do it in a way that is stable. So there are lots and lots of interesting challenges to be thought about here. And one thing that I think we don't do adequately in universities, and actually I think this is kind of a way it needs to be a field by itself, which is managing these very complex interlinked systems. So systems of systems. So the thing about the grid is one system, the transportation system is another, the pipeline system that delivers all those fuels, water. These are all interdependent and linked to each other. So we need to learn how to think about these in a better way. On the energy storage side, at one end there's the battery that goes into your Chevy Volt, or there is all these transportation options. Those tend to be small scale where weight and really does matter. For utility scale, it kind of doesn't matter what it weighs, but you want it to be cheap and last a long time, and be able to store a lot because if you want to. So there's kind of how much power you have to deliver and how long you have to do it, that product is the energy. And there are lots of options here. And that's the good part because there are plenty of ideas to compete and plenty of new battery chemistries that offer possibilities here that will then have to, the marketplace will have to sort out which ones of these work in a particular setting. And sometimes there are ideas that have to come together in an interesting way. So we use turbines everywhere to generate power in airplanes or to generate electric power. The ones for electric power are mostly steam turbines like this where you can see the size of a human. And these are big things. You heat up boil water and shove it through these turbines and as it expands the mass of water flowing, a water vapor flowing over the wings in the turbine drive it. If you do this with a fluid that's denser, for instance supercritical CO2, it's denser so the mass flow over the wing which determines the power generation doesn't have to, the wing doesn't have to be as big. So you can generate the same kind of power with a much smaller turbine here and only a single side instead of two sides. And you say, well great, why don't we do this? Well of course there are interesting materials, challenges and you have to figure out how to burn a fuel with say pure oxygen but recycle CO2 to keep from melting the turbine and keeping the flame alive. There's lots of engineering, lots of seals issues with CO2. So there's lots to do but if we did this, this could really revolutionize both the CO2 capture side and the size of power plants that are going forward which should reduce their cost. What about photovoltaics? Well there are really lots of opportunities here. As I said there have been clear improvements in both the materials and then all the costs that go around putting one of these together and generated and right now the 2020 goal for the SunShot program is six cents a kilowatt hour levelized costs. So toward the end of the time I was in Washington we decided we really had to update the goal because we're going to get there. So we're right at seven cents now and we're going to beat it before 2020. So you go, okay, let's figure out what to do. Well it turned out this actually was an interesting challenge because the Secretary of Energy was a guy named Ernie Moniz, MIT professor before he went back to DOE and he'd spent a lot of time thinking about all the pieces of levelized costs. So it took several meetings to convince him that we really had multiple pathways where we could get here and we're really kind of shooting at cutting those that cost in half again. That's a low enough cost if you look at the competing cost that you can think about another thermodynamic transformation. So it costs you an efficiency that's less than 100% every time you go from, say, sunlight to electricity and then if you then make, I don't know, hydrogen or some other fuel after that, you know, there's an efficiency cascade down there. So getting the cost down really offers lots more opportunities for diversifying other parts. Building efficiency, gosh, we've shown here at Stanford that there's a huge opportunity to do better there and three quarters of the electricity and about 40% of all the energy we use in this country ends up in a building somewhere. So this stuff actually matters. And I imagine you're hearing more about some of the kinds of things that these buildings here, these newer buildings, really bring to the party. So on and on, I'm going to skip through here the last few slides. Transportation side, there's lots of opportunities and we can power them with fuel cells or with batteries. Advanced manufacturing offers some new ways to assemble things that require less in the way of materials. I think this example, so this is a bracket that goes somewhere in an airplane. This is, if you just do it in the traditional way of machining it, this weighs a kilogram and it takes eight times as much material as you get when you're done. And if you do this with the additive manufacturing of making a powder and assembling it into the finished part, you can reduce the weight by 60% and the conventional bracket uses three times as much energy to fly it around in the air. So now one thing you'd like to know is whether this part is as good as the other one. And so that's, I'm going to skip forward just one more. Well, I'll say that in a minute. Now in the fundamental science side, in some places we'd like to capture CO2 and put it somewhere else beside the atmosphere. There's a whole host of interesting compounds being investigated, but this is still very much at the basic science side. Can we do this at all? We'll worry about the cost side, but there are really exciting opportunities there. And then we have the basics of really understanding how all the physical processes that work in catalysis or materials or any of the kinds of things we use for energy. I mentioned the, so if you look here, this is a little turbine blade. That was made by advanced manufacturing, this powder assembly idea. And that picture was taken at the Spalation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Lab where they were able to image the residual stresses still in that blade. Now those of us who fly around in airplanes would like that blade to hold together. That's a useful property of turbine blades. And using all the fundamental scientific tools for characterizing materials, you can actually show that this is an adequate way to do that. And of course there are many other science applications for these kinds of facilities as well. So the picture I hope I've, well, and then I just need to say, underlying all of this is advanced computing. DOE is now working on the next big quantum leap in computing speed and architecture. It's our ability to design turbines to reduce the drag on trucks. This little exercise deployed immediately into the truck business because it reduced drag very quickly. And then what that just says is that there's a huge opportunity space for clean energy innovation. And both for individual technologies and for systems, we should work across a portfolio. It needs to be fully stocked across primary energy resources and conversion technologies and systems and time scales with an emphasis on efficiency everywhere that the enabling science is absolutely critical to our ability to do this in a big way of going forward. And grad students in Stanford have a very important role to play. And so you guys actually get to do all this cool stuff. So have at it. Thank you very much. Great. We've got time for a couple of questions. Come back over here. So as a scientist, you just kind of came to talk about economics. A lot of us are going to spend a lot of time to laugh over the next couple of years. One question for you is what are the best ways to get to know the other side of things that isn't just in a classroom setting? Yeah, well, so one important thing you could do is enroll for Energy at Stanford because all around you are people who are thinking about this from the economic side as well. And there's actually an improved both the biz school and the engineering economic systems in the School of Engineering. You think about work on all this kind of stuff. So getting to know your fellow students, I mean, one of the things that we hope for in having a group like this one together is that you'll meet some people and your paths will cross in ways that nobody ever foresees as well. It's an opportunity for conversation and some of you are going to be involved in startup companies that will have to think about this. What are we going to sell early enough to survive through the period of getting going? And so nobody knows everything. So you have to identify talented people around them and work with them to put their assorted skills together. And I will say that it's a good thing to be polite because you never know when your paths are going to cross. So it turned out that the director of the National Science Foundation, Frans Cordoba, and we were classmates in college. And who would have guessed we'd find ourselves in charge of $18 billion a year of federal research money. Neither one of us would have guessed that. And I can tell you our friends would have been even more astonished. But there you are. Speaking on the budget, when you had that slide up, I noticed that there was a lot of money being spent on the computer scale. And the order of hundreds of millions would seem like a lot relative to, essentially, every other department. So I guess my question for you is, to what extent are people within the DOE making decisions on what money is getting spent there versus political pressures to the bottom line? You ask a very good question. So how is the budget put together? And it's a complicated process. What we did inside the agency was to try to figure out how to balance the portfolio. One thing about nuclear stuff is that it's expensive. And it's mostly done because it's so expensive, it's mostly not done in... The big facilities are not done in industry. So the DOE provides some facilities and you have to support those and make them be secure. But in working through trying to balance all of that, then we produced a draft of a budget. It goes off to the White House, to the Office of Management and Budget, and they fiddled around with it. Mostly what they did was to take a billion dollars out of fossil and nuclear and put it in energy efficiency and renewable energy. Then it went to Congress where they undid that and moved things around some more. Now, we tried very hard to think about not only what does it make sense from a technical standpoint, but also what can we get through Congress? We know that there are people there who are going to try to protect individual programs and so you try to do the balancing and make an argument based on that. Every president's budget has a certain element of fiction to it. This current one might have more than any more of that. I hope it has more of that because it was a disastrous recommendation. But it is a complicated process and the Congress sets the budget, not the administration. The government was trying to change. Did the DOE have to change the way it operated when it came to proposals and making budgets and all? So did the DOE have to change the way it operated in the Office of Management given the current steps of the government? You know, it's a little hard to tell. The DOE, the top leadership of DOE is still pretty sparse. And it's my impression that most of that budget, the budget recommendation from the White House actually came from the Office of Management and Budget, not so much from the agency. But I'm obviously not there, so I'm looking in from the outside. And I think from listening to the hearings on all this that the congressional part of this is going to be different. The mid-year budget extension didn't buy the recommendations from the White House, so I think that will be the case. But the truth is, I don't know for sure how they assembled the budget. Two more? Here and here. How concerned is the DOE about the cybersecurity So that is a very good question. The question is about cybersecurity, and the answer is very. The place where it intersected most with what we do was the combination of the grid and cybersecurity. There is a big internal effort on this and a lot of coordination with industry because mostly the grid in the United States is not government-owned. It's mostly owned by some combination of utilities and regional operators. So I can tell you that there's a lot of work going on and they really, the essential control systems are not internet-based. They have their own separate ones, which doesn't make them perfect, but makes it harder. And then the other part of the cybersecurity side is the nuclear weapons and all of that, and there's a big effort on that side as well. Government's not as good at protecting personal information. I just got the fourth notice that my information had been shared with the Russians and the Chinese and whatever. So there you are. Some parts of it were not so good at. So last question. Thank you. Outside of this room, you've spoken about the carbon tax and how you feel it should be revenue neutral. You could just elaborate on that. Yeah, so a carbon tax is, you know, I think fundamentally we have to have some way of recognizing that the energy technologies, including the fossil ones, have some kinds of impacts. And so a carbon tax, most economists agree that a carbon price set by a tax is the simplest one to collect and has fewest ways to game the system, although you can do the same thing with cap and trade and so on, so there's not any single one way to do this. The revenue neutral part is just a way to make this not be a big drag on the economy and to help build the support that it takes to get this done. So if all of us, those of us who do well in saving energy would get a little money back and those that want to use a lot more would pay more and not get money back overall. So it's just a way to try to make the system work. Great. Please join me in thanking them once again.


Hi there, I'm Paul Tannehill, and I'll be showing in this screencast how to add a link in your Moodle course. I'm going to be putting this link at the top of this top section, but I can add it anywhere I want within the course. This is the page that I want to link to within my course. So I'll go back to my Moodle tab. I'm going to turn editing on in the upper right. When the editing is turned on, I see the add an activity or resource. Now there's one in each of your content sections. But of course, I'm going to put this in the top one. So I click it and I get a pop-up that shows every activity type and every resource type that I can add into my Moodle course. URL is a resource type, and you'll see URL down at the bottom left. Make a quick note that every resource and activity type you select in the left pane shows information about that activity or resource in the right pane. Again, we've chosen URL and I'll click add. The name field is what the link itself will be called. So I'm going to indicate that this is the destination graduation survey. I think I'm going to also indicate the same thing down here in the description field. Note that both of these have little asterisks, which means it's a required field. So you will need to input something into this field. You might want additional information that would show up on the course start page beneath the link. If so, you can click this display description on course start page checkbox, but if not, just leave a blank. Down below that, you'll see the external URL field. That's the link that we need to grab from the page we need to send students to. So we go to that page and I can either right-click and copy or Command-C or Control-C. Go back to the tablet by Moodle course in it and click in that external URL field and I can either right-click and paste or Command-V, Control-V. Under that, you'll see appearance. Rather than automatic, which will open that link in the same window, thus moving away from your Moodle session. Choose a new window. That way a new browser window or tab will open up when the student clicks the link and it'll keep their Moodle session intact. After that, just click save and return to course. You'll notice everything you add in your Moodle course shell will appear at the bottom of that section from what you added it. You can just click this little move feature and I want to bump this to the top of this section. Just like that. Let's turn editing off. And it'll look kind of like how the student sees it. We can click the link and give it a test. Here it comes into a browser tab. And again, the student's Moodle session is still there. That was pretty easy, huh?