Welcome to the SmartCris seminar. This seminar is sponsored by the Bits and Warts Initiative. Our speaker today is Professor Ariel Leipmann from Monash University in Australia. Good morning Professor, it's 8 a.m. over there. Yeah, so I want to remind everyone that our next and final presentation for this quarter is in two weeks, and the start time again is 3 p.m. The speaker is Gregor Verbic from University of Sydney. Ariel Leipmann is an Associate Professor in the Department of Data Science and AI at Monash University. Since 2020, he has been director of the Monash Energy Institute and needs a reliable, affordable, clean energy for 2030 program. This program optimizes Australia's electricity grid through customer engagement distributed energy resources and network integration. Professor Leipmann also led the Monash Sustainable Microgrid Disability Study, leading to a collaboration between Monash University and state government of Victoria on a 30 million microgrid program. His current research focuses on optimization and machine learning based decision support tools for operational planning of smart grids. Internationally, Professor Leipmann led the Australia Indonesia Center Energy cluster to tackle the challenge of integrating distributed storage and renewables. Dr. Leipmann received his PhD degree from University of Queensland, Australia. Today, Professor Leipmann will talk about Monash University National Initiative and Transactive Energy Management. Let's welcome our speaker. Thank you, Jinwoo, and I'm very happy to be here and really honored to be speaking to your to your seminar community. I'm actually excited that my lovely colleague, Greg Overvich from University of Sydney is going to be presenting on actually Transactive Energy Management as well. In fact, it's a nice leader and I will be doing a more high-level discussion and some of the work that Greg is doing. We're also incorporating into some of my students' research, so it's really nice the way you've staged this. I've titled my talk-talk, NEDZERA Transitions and Campus Precincts, and that's specifically case study of the Monash University NEDZERA Initiative and Transactive Energy Management Living Lab. I didn't really choose to go into the details of the technical options of how you design a Transactive Energy Management Scheme. I think setting the context is actually a nice lead-in, particularly as Greg will be giving you some more technical aspects. So yeah, we'll set the scene here. We have a major challenge. As you all know, I'm sure we have a 1.5 degree target to meet, and that really means in practice. This is from a recent performance report from the UN on how we're going and we're not going that great. We need to be following more or less the green trajectory or at very worst the amber trajectory, the 1.8 degree maybe. We don't want to get anywhere near beyond 2 degrees C, and so things are urgent, and that means in practice global emissions should be heading towards 50% lower by 2030, only nine years away now, 80% by 2040 and 100% by 2050. That to me means that every good researcher, any ability to get involved in this space should be working on some aspect of this problem, and I mean broadly speaking, not just engineering or science researchers. This is one of the biggest challenges facing humanity today. It's not the biggest. So yeah, call to arms, as I say. So a little bit of background on Monash where we started to get, we've always had a sustainability vision, but we started to get really focused on climate change and energy related sustainability in the last five years. We led the Australian community and perhaps the world's university community in establishing a mid-zero mission targeted by 2030, and for which we received the End Momentum for Change Award and the Climate Conference in 24. This is not to boast, although we do like to boast as academics in universities, but this is really just hopefully to get other universities thinking about the same thing. And the reason we do that is not just to be able to say it, but actually there's a lot of learning that can happen from these programs. And because we have much more control of our facilities as universities and our campuses, and they're very diverse facilities, almost mini cities in some cases, like Monash and Clayton campus, where we in normal times have about 50,000 people working and living in one place, one of the biggest universities, biggest university in Australia, and relatively possibly one of the biggest in the world, because we are usually large in numbers. And so, yeah, it's really like a mini city. So we do this under the auspices of the Monash Energy Institute, which is established five or so years ago as a partnership between three faculties and the Facilities Division of the University, which we were presented by our NEDSERI initiative, which is the initiative Help Found. The Faculty of Information Technology, where I am, that sort of information technology is a sort of a synonym for computer science here in Australia, although sometimes people do get confused and cause for IT support. The Faculty of Engineering and the Monash Business School. And so with their generous support, we are able to coordinate researchers across Monash and coordinate their engagement with the industry and government communities and other communities outside the university. So we focus on three impact areas at developing new energy solutions, accelerating the energy transformation to meet climate objectives, and ensuring the consumers are central in this. And we apply our a range of capabilities under five themes, although we are at the moment splitting out out of energy resources, hydrogen, green hydrogen is a separate theme to ensure we give this proper attention on several major initiatives and various stages of delivery that we focus our work through. One of them is the NEDSERI initiative, which I'm going to talk about. We have our industry partnerships little center called the Grid Innovation Hub, where subscription based collaboration with various industry partners, including our grid utility here in Victorials Net Services, large precincts operator, vicinity centers, and a consultant, global consultant, Wally, which is engineering and business consultants. We have a partnership with Monash with Woodside Energy. It's an Australian, Australia's only oil and gas company. And then also the race for 2030 CRC, a reliable clean energy for 2030 CRC, which I might slightly correct. I'm not directing the whole center, that's got a CEO. It's established as a separate company, but I direct the electricity networks program, one of four programs within it. So these are some of our partners we work with. Zadvisian is out of date. That's now become Wally and Australian energy market operator and others. So what is our NEDSERI program all about? Creating grid interactive precincts is another way of looking at it. So I'm going to focus mostly on the microgrid, which is the research oriented aspect of it. But I will just talk mainly about initially about the other aspects, which is the NEDSERI aspect. So Scott Ferrero is credited with these slides. He's the director of the NEDSERI initiative. So we're investing about $100 million of Monash money to decarbonize our grid through various ways. We're expecting this is done before COVID. A student growth forecast will probably be revised. We're at about 50,000 on all Australian campuses. We're expecting about 80,000 2030. This led to a serious look at what our energy costs were, which we're going to explode. This led to a clear business case for reducing emissions through basically energy efficiency retrofits plus local generation rooftop solar, which forms part of our microgrid living lab. And then also of course, this is the lesson, a big intense energy intensive precinct. You cannot generate all your energy locally if you want it to be renewable. For example, UCSD can do that at times, but that means they've got a great big natural gas, open cycle gas turbine, okay, generation turbine on campus, which they can do that. But we chose not to do that, particularly in Australia, that it's never going to be economic with our gas prices. So now we source energy from a renewable, from a wind farm in Victoria. We will be basically net zero emission electricity by 2022.  And in that switch, we'll be 100% renewable on that zero by 2030 or earlier. So this is a nice little wind farm here. So this is our campus and it's got three sub grids. And one of these grids is called, we call ring three. This is where this purple, sorry, this purple area is highlighted. This is our microgrid and we call it a microgrid. But I know it's debatable whether it's really a microgrid because we don't plan to disconnect it sometimes. And that's the technical definition of microgrid. The objectives, the main features of it are flexible buildings. This is our research area using where we use the transactive energy management concept to coordinate building flexibility, storage, there's some energy storage, one megawatt hour, vanadium redox hybridized with lithium ion, and solar about one megawatts of solar, probably more, and some EV charges. So what do we actually want this microgrid to do? We wanted to be able, in it, we optimize investment in local generation assets, because effectively want to integrate local electricity supply with grid supply, provide dynamic control over quantity and quality of multidirectional supply. It's exporting and importing in a way that also takes into account market signals, whether dynamic pricing based or some direct curtailment or grid constraints, critical peak pricing, even and things like that, and do it through providing access to local resources. So to do that, sorry, we are partnering with a Spanish IT infrastructure company called Indra or Minsate, who have what they call an active grid management platform, which is essentially a high reliability, high throughput, publish and subscribe platform with edge computing devices, which we are putting on each of our 22 buildings, plus the energy storage, and our inverters on our solar set, so we can then coordinate all of this in an efficient way. And so this is a nice visualization of the campus by a student of one of my colleagues, Sarah Goodwin. Sarah is a visualization expert working in the energy space, and this is actually a very early stage diagram, which we keep using, but it still looks very nice that they do a lot more interesting work than that. Look her up, and there's ACME Energy Conference being held soon, where she's hosting a workshop on energy visualization, that's ACME Energy. And so you see here, the red lines are their ring, we call it a ring, but of course it's not a ring, it's, but it can be switched. It's designed in a ring format. So we've got our resources there, and then we've got our facilities, sorry, our customers, these are all our faculties, our sports fields, our performing arts centers, residential services, we have a few thousand students living on site in our dormitories. We've got, of course, our stakeholders, the, the, the governance folks for the, for our university. And we've got a lot of on campus, mostly eating facilities. There's a lot of people, people need to be fed. So we've got a lot of independent businesses who are required to, to, you know, require electricity. And so yeah, we have a city here basically, and we can show, and you can show too, and I'm sure I stand for doing things towards that. Many US universities are, and others around the world, that this is, there is a way to manage these, this infrastructure in a way that is innovative in order to provide true sustainability outcomes, true decarbonisation. So here's our happy students graduating as well as working in the lab. So one of the things that is, I'm not going to focus on from a research perspective, but it's very important is actually moving our buildings up to high energy efficiency standards. We are relatively unlucky here for various reasons that in Australia, our building stock is, is really quite poor in energy efficiency. We're the least energy productive country in the world from a building and industry perspective, which is quite challenging. There we go. Thank you. Here's my coffee. And it's because Australia recently had very cheap electricity and I think we just didn't worry about, you know, wastage, which is not good, but we are here. So we need to really lift our game on reduction of our energy use from buildings. So a lot of our mission reduction on campus will come from this as well as the electrification of our thermal precincts, some of which is being done through some more novel technologies, district solar heating, replacing natural gas, heating up hot water. And we have an old, you know, gas fired boiler system that we will replace with electric heating that is, of course, powered by renewable energy that we're sorting, sourcing locally and off grid. Now, that's all great, but it's not so cool from an electrical engineering smart grid perspective. And so when you get to the next stage, this is the actual project that we're doing with interest funded by the funded by the Australian renewable energy agency, as well as interest themselves and Monash together. So this is sort of the plan. This is how we're doing this. We are now basically somewhere around here. We've installed all these edge devices. We've got simulators. We've got the battery installed. We've got our EV charging stations. And we are now integrating all these things with our peer to peer or sorry, not peer to peer, but transactive energy management algorithms. And it turns out that, you know, if you want to do it in practice, you start having to make some serious design choices and practical design choices about what algorithms you use. You know, it's nice and dairy to play with all these peer to peer concepts, block with blockchain or without blockchain or complex distributed energy market type mechanisms. But when it comes down to implementing it in the hardware and software that has never been written before, you have to make some interesting choices. So these are the things we are working on this year. This year is sort of the crunchier for integrating everything and getting it to work. So what is our vision? Well, in the end, we want collectively of buildings on that campus will be one commercial sized power, virtual power plant. And which both, which, you know, where more and more demand can follow supply. The dream is that ultimately the whole campuses demand will follow the true gross production of our share of the wind farm plus our solar that that we're procuring so that we don't have to buy the balance from the wholesale market, which of course adds price volatility and therefore puts a premium on our costs. So whether we'll get there ever is a question, but we will strive to get as close to that as possible. This is just another slide and again reminding us that we have this. This is the technology stack where we effectively building underlying it is the edge devices connecting to all our resources. Then we have the Indra active grid management system, which is remember the acronym now. I think it's DDS. Is the public subscribe high reliability platform, which is actually based on some military technology developed either by Indra or sourced by them with the platform. And then say in this is to make sure that all your information packets get to where they need to go through a flexible approach. And then top of that, this is where we put our transactive energy management or market, if you like, layer, which is where we build our intelligence agents in a way that basically can just be deployed into these edge devices with some central coordination agents, which integrate with some of Indra's other software. But some of it is actually a new layer of effectively cloud based hybrid cloud and edge computing distributed management software. This is another view of it. This is more like the traditional electrical engineering computer science view. We've got the flexible distributed energy resources here. We have the kind of actors that will ultimately play in the space, but we might have an aggregator or maybe different or an orchestrator and then the planner, which would be actually the owner of the assets that needs to understand the future outcomes of the pricing signals. If you look at that on a translated to a wholesale market paradigm, we are thinking these days not be admonished, but the world is thinking that somehow we will take these wholesale spot markets with the derivatives markets down to the distribution, electricity distribution level. Now, I think there's a lot of work to be done here and I'm pushing very hard here at Monash and in the CRC that we really need to ask ourselves what this means because computationally and engineering wise, it's a diabolical problem and computational challenges are everywhere there in terms of speed and resilience of the algorithms and cybersecurity of the algorithms. Here's an example of how we actually put this kit together. This is our red T flow battery founded by an Australian alum and manufactured based in the UK. Now, part of, just go and remember the name of the company that they merged with recently off the top of my head. Now, solar locally and these are our edge devices here built in by Indra and so the objective is we have these sensors and systems of systems in the sensors that connect to them. Then we have information coming in and then we have our local resources and then we are building an IoT enabled set of IT solutions or hardware and software solutions then in the end can help us flex the demand of our whole campus with a market like request coming in between what we want to do is collectively between time one and time two reduce demand by X kilowatts or you could frame it as X percent. Now, this all sounds very nice in practice especially if you have, you know, most of your demand can be offset by batteries if you're talking about sort of traditional residential, virtual power plant kind of concepts, but we have some large commercial type buildings which are really not designed to flex at all. They're managed by very black box building management systems which are actually very hard to modify retrofit any sort of intelligent control over. So we're actually doing some work around using reinforcement learning to learn the behavior of these buildings together with some forecasting methodologies and optimization so that's we published a couple of papers on that which I can share with Chinu later for putting somewhere on your website, but I won't go into detail but basically we have very complex physics problem underneath all this to integrate with. So and this is another view of how we're thinking. We did the original pretty much the current paradigm is passive direct management. There's a direct control mechanism. We are moving through active management which is a more distributed control but it can still be basically without any real choices for the consumers or any sort of market concepts and then we're moving through that through to the transactive energy paradigm where there's actually consumers preferences can be encoded in their local energy management systems and in a way that flexes based on pricing signals through some sort of coordinating mechanism. And so one of the paradigms we're exploring is the concept of micro grid electricity market operator which we're about to complete research on funded by the state of Victoria's government and there are some preliminary reports which I will show you later in the talk. So a little bit more about the architecture of the active grid management system. You can find more information on Intraminsates website. They've got some pretty interesting and impressive technologies they've partnered with Intel to develop some specialized chips to run these edge computing devices that are called OneSate node number one and they sit at all levels of the active grid management network. And on top of that integrating a distribution management system called Prism advanced distribution management system which distribution companies use to manage grids but we will be using it mostly as a power quality management system to ensure that whatever decisions are made from our energy management point of view do not lead to power quality issues like voltage excursions or or potentially harmonic created by somehow kind of strange control of the inverters we might want to do. So this is the the prism system was in fact acquired from another company called if I remember correctly ACS a US independent quite innovative company. So that's pretty much it about our transactive energy management project. There are several reports that you can look at on our website and there's a link at the end of my talk to the page where you can download these from. So now what I wanted to do at this point is just so okay this is very nice this is in a sense the if we have a parallel this is our living lab this is a hardware of research computer we need to write the software the software is the research itself so I'll talk about a few examples of the research we're doing related to this. The research itself that underpins the deployment is still sort of being developed and I elected to leave that for another talk but the components of that how they're coming together I'm going to talk about the sort of research we do at Monash research that that we get published and it's relevant to the research that you do it in Stanford and in your community. So I divide the research areas broadly speaking from a computer science perspective into areas which are more machine learning based more optimization based and then there's a new concept we are developing here at Monash in there and our leading discrete optimization group here which developed software such as Mini Zinc and now from which pioneered the field of constraint programming and constraint processing and so within the machine learning area of course you're familiar with a lot of these things that the forecasting problem is still very much alive but another area that you're also well aware of is non-intrusive load monitoring and then slightly newer area where we look at how do you use machine learning to detect false data injection attacks the sort of cyber attacks that we think would be quite potentially prevalent in virtual power plant configurations where people try and disrupt it either for for hostile purposes or just to extract value to themselves and optimization this is where I why I don't use terms like AI very much because really AI is a misused term people often think it's a good one in the greater community that to machine learning or forecasting even but actually it's much more than that so optimization is where we really where we talk about transactive management and really we're talking about a form of distributed optimization so we have some work in that and then some of the other aspects is when we're working on this coordinate inverter PQ control for enhancing grid export reducing curtailment and minimizing voltage issues which are sort of the flip side of the same optimization problem normally you will just curtail PV export or even turn the inverter off completely to manage voltage and so this this is an unsatisfactory problem so I'll talk solution to a problem that can be solved in in other ways and then we work in a sort of predict and optimize space so we'll talk about that as a general concept so some of the work we do is of course maybe more traditional forecasting but pushing that to the next level world expert Rob Heinemann is here one of the leading demand forecasters in the world and some of the work that's emerging out of that is now towards multi-agent sorry residential type forecasting where okay in the past we're just happy to forecast regional demand for the independent system operators but now we need to understand much more what's happening with deeper in the distribution level especially as we put in smart resources so hierarchical forecasting is an area you might want to look at if you don't work in it already this is some work by my colleague Shuru Pan who's a machine learning expert and this is looking at how do we actually detect various devices that are you being used particularly with very low resolution data well a lot of people really do a lot of work with high resolution demand records down to a few seconds a lot of utilities only really have very coarse demand out of half-hourly or hourly you know if you're lucky they have five minutes resolution so what can you do with that and we've shown that with a clever twist of logic in fact inspired by one of my colleagues from Albany and Lachlan Andrew we can use machine image recognition techniques to detect various behavior patterns if you simply turn your demand into a into a heat map and then it looks like an image and we can do edge detection to detect particularly things like pool pumps you can see here if it comes up got these blocks that come through and these are actually the regular on-off loads like pool pumps or hot water systems so this is our cybersecurity work my student together with associate professor cast and Rudolph the head of our software systems and cybersecurity department here who's a cybersecurity expert and we are looking at false data injection tax on distributed demand response systems which I'll describe the actual foundation of this in the next slide and so he's looking and so he's looking to using anomaly detection which is a form of time series forecasting or clustering to detect excursions away from a typical load pattern and and yeah he's which is excuse the order of these gas popping up which is generated by a transactive energy market like mechanism and we find that we are able to detect and then prevent these cyber attacks through appropriate intervention in the day head optimization mechanism so the overall work we've done on designing a market mechanism is basically a highly scalable frank wolf algorithm based distributed optimization approach which enables us to optimize millions of actually of distributed energy resources very fast through a somewhat clever application of the frank wolf algorithm that means we can sort of clear these transactive energy markets in seconds so this is work by our student Dora here who's just submitting her PhD shortly and there's a few papers on that you can find in the in the literature and so another area that I'm very excited about is the work of Peter Lucis who's a PhD student also just finishing up and it's saying well what can we do if we could directly control the some of the inverters in an energy in a distribution network and to manage voltage and you can see some of these simulations here would show well what happens if you don't do anything when you get these amazing for a start you get curtailment the solar output would have ideally provided this envelope which fits this little black line on the right which is on a different scale unfortunately so it should be probably double the size and this is where the voltage starts to max out at the limits and traditional inverters just turn off and then they'll turn on again as voltage drops again and you get all sorts of horrible behavior and what we have shown you can do through coordinated control is smooth this out and reduce and reduce the energy unused energy and and reduce losses through absorption of reactive power at the inverter so I'm getting close to time but I've only got two more slides to go so I think we're doing well and so the latest work out of Peter's PhD which we're about to submit is actually a fully integrated model using we had to build some our own optimization algorithms for AC power flow coordinated with inverters control which have no linear characteristics and then the non-linear losses and now we've got the batteries in there and we've controlled independently both the inverter batteries and the sorry battery inverters and the solar inverters and as well as optimize the charging and discharging for a day ahead voltage secure VPP and I am quite excited that looking forward to the community's feedback on that when I first submitted through reviewers obviously and get the typical kind of we don't understand why you have to do this but I think we will be able to explain it to them and I think this is kind of the solution that really then brings us to the true transactive energy management paradigm where you have to optimize for both real and reactive power ensure voltage is is is properly managed and of course Peter's approach is sort of command and control. We didn't want to bite off all the different problems at the same time but then you turn this algorithm into a transactive energy management algorithm with a distributed optimization base so yeah you can see again a little bit closer what it looks like and what I neglected to put here was basically another line which shows am I smooth the version of these lines when when we do enact the coordinate and inverter control okay so you can probably see it here the ideal would have been the purple area this is if you could export all the energy from the inverters to the grid the the blue line here area here is the internal consumption of the houses on that distribution feeder and what you find is that basically all the purple energies strain away at 90% penetration level that's 90% of the houses have 5.4 kilowatts of solar and as you can see most of the energies are needed by the houses because of this typical load here and then this purple just thrown away completely some of it ends up being actually exported from the house but it's consumed in quite high losses because of the grids just not optimized for that direction and then the rest is is exported from the houses and in fact this is exported through the distribution transformer and to the medium voltage level now if we this is with volt va volt what inverter only so this is what they would do on their own it looks like corner inverter control buys us a little bit of improvement by reducing losses but the lesson is also well the energy's got to go somewhere and if you know there's no load you just have to throw it away it doesn't matter how clever you get so there is a layer of analysis that we need to do then to say well what if happens if we can change things on the medium voltage network to keep that energy flowing then maybe you can actually export more of this but if you have standard configuration of distribution transformers built and their protection built for one mostly one directional energy flow you get this but we're able to reduce the energy loss the line losses by about 50 percent right by by i inverted control but that's all you can do but what we also show is like it gets much smoother so these fluctuations here which are already not as bad under pure autonomous inverter control volt va volt what inverters are smoothed out but in reality some of the systems we all have today will be a mixture of really old inverters that just trip on and off autonomous inverters and so the voltage fluctuations will get much worse and then this is an example of yeah even with autonomous inverters they still have to turn off because at some point you just cannot curtail back them off anymore and this shows throughout one of these simulations even in on the autonomous side they're starting to turn off throughout so in fact half the inverters in the middle of the day are just off completely and then finally an example of a predict and optimize methodology using a quite a different method our my colleague john betz is an inventory management specialist in logistics and using optimization techniques developed for that which are really quite different to standard you know next to the linear programming type optimization and he is able to do a stochastic optimization and prediction and optimization of battery storage to maximize utilization of solar and he gives you here the optimal sizing and for securing maximum utilization of solar there's a paper published on that so in summary i guess i've discussed how we work at bonnet on all these different um uh transactive energy management uh systems inspired and led by our net zero initiative in our microgrid lab and um our microgrid living laboratory i should say and so here are some links including um uh the microgrid uh so what am i wondering with the microgrid reports and then you can see our dashboards showing what our microgrid uh resources are actually doing and then a bit of information about the energy institute so with that i'm i'm finished sorry i've got a little bit over time i think the timing is fine uh so there are some questions in the q and a uh i believe the first three are all about uh using eevee uh so so so what was what are your thoughts on in uh on having incentives for incorporating uh eevee charging discharging i think oh look so that's something i didn't talk about but obviously we're going to be working on that uh i think this person is particularly interested in the uh v2g yeah so um okay i think it's a chance to read all the details here so maybe if i don't answer all the question um uh look like laurence is pretty enthusiastic about eevees which which i totally appreciate we are a big fan of electric vehicles as a as a decovernization method and also a potential grid management resource and so my thoughts are yes absolutely this is a major uh opportunity and you know if i if you if you just cast your mind so what's the world going to look like in 2035 say um and i do like to go that far ahead in this case because i think there's some technical and policy challenges that will take a while to resolve but certainly by 2035 we will see eevees doing a lot of uh of the heavy lifting as we say in australia around um grid management now there's a lot of um through v2g or v2x is now the whole v2 everything um concept v2 home v2 grid v2 building i don't remember all the different x's here so um does that sort of answer it um i mean you can get into detail of fast versus slow charges and all that and so um yeah let me just say that um you have to go through stages first of all we just need to make sure um we understand the rate of uptake of eevees and different countries and different stages and the grid operators or the grid utilities have to respond through the right kind of investment and the question is how much investment do you need and that's a function of how much first of all managed charging you have so clearly just unmanaged charging in some cases just can be very expensive to accommodate so you need either um uh pseudo price based or price based managed charging but then obviously if you do managed charging you should easily be looking at doing v2g and um that's certainly going to be huge okay uh i think the next question is did you have any retrofit to the building that i think this is what the building energy control um so so in terms of the envelope and the materials um we are certainly looking at that we are doing some of that um it's not my area of at least certainly not my area of expertise but i haven't got the latest information on what portion of our um energy efficiency will be done through material retrofits um and so Jorge sounds like he probably knows more about it than i do and you can imagine the decisions you have to make and it's a cost benefit thing you know the more retrofitting you have to do the more disruptive it is to the building uh operation and time and cost of doing that so we're looking at that um and hopefully we'll get the up close to the optimal decision okay uh the next question is how do you assure zero i think it's zero injection to the network and stability of the system uh yes yeah well so so um you may have missed a slightly um brief uh illusion to the fact that we never operate in standalone mode um we we elected to not try for that that's when that's why i said microagreed a bit is a bit of a misnomer in this case uh uh really it's unnecessary and uh and um uneconomic uh basically we're deep inside a large city's distribution network um uh i know ucsd was able to um even claim supporting the the grid during some i think it's 2017 or 16 grid events that california had um but really what can we do we're a 18 megawatt peak demand campus inside a city of four million people i don't think we can help the grid for stability purposes that much so we just elect to think of ourselves as a giant virtual power plant where we can maybe support voltage issues at the local distribution network by not exporting or importing as as much as possible at the right time okay uh the next question have you compared nox with the three campus aphids this is uh pacific northwest and national lab you of washington and washington state um yeah so i look good idea uh we we do talk to pnl sometimes we work closely with um a company here called strategy run by or the office here in australia is run by um mark paterson who is close to i have to think of his name now pnnl uh who in fact uh came to talk who's a transactive energy management guy and uh he came and i met him here and he inspired a lot of our research and and ultimately in fact the this transactive energy management work so in that sense we we are comparing notes with him in one directionally um but we do seek to then now once we are um a little bit further down the track with the actual practice we will certainly um keen to uh to meet uh and compare notes so uh yeah next question i think it's on uh pricing optimization have you considered that in the in your design well so yeah the design is very much um considering price based now you can do um optimization without price you don't need to have a price um i mean you have um shadow prices to the constraints obviously that mean that assuming you've got the actual real um uh costs that are being um calculated in your objective function and and uh the decision variables uh cost related um but our design is definitely um uh the derived from some external market feed through but it's really one directional right we're not going to optimize with the wholesale energy market in a way that actually means that our decisions affect the um the wholesale market outcome so we will probably we'll take a wholesale market price and then have a local um additional price um uplift shadow price if you like uh on our constraints now we don't plan for our actual uh energy users to be see the prices and actively respond to themselves what we are doing is basically developing a utility function or price or demand function for each of our buildings that will be programmed into our intelligent agent which will be its own basically um uh uh preferences or utility function or its demand curve and then a um a central price will emerge so they all are paying the same price and therefore curtailing or not um flexing or not as their local preferences require uh how are you engaging the university community and no one citizens uh very good question um so we are uh working through various channels on that we had a um participatory um process where we first of all uh informed the I went through talking to the um to the community the university facilities management community and the departmental um management for all the departments or faculties in the university to explain where we headed we are still probably a bit far away from actually actioning any real control on campus you know that's still a uh that's to be honest about a year away that's just tells you how complex this is in the real organization we can imagine this we imagined this five years ago we started the work and then you know we're just getting to the point where this can actually you know do something on on camp campus so um uh this not to underestimate the complexity in the real world of of actioning all these things that in the lab in silico on the computer look you know oh yeah we just do that and bang we'll have a super flexible demand side which would just absorb all these variable renewables at grid uh scale so yeah not so easy and the engagement is still ongoing uh Melbourne citizens are not so much our um direct constituency as um you know they just see this campus that that's you know relatively small part of the city's demand anyway but once um you know we we will have a process where we tell people you know how things are going once the campus actually is flexing uh some demand and then we will work more with city councils and other um organizations we are working with them to show how this can be done in their precincts in a in a equivalent way but um and I believe that there's still a long way to go for this globally and we need to do a lot more of this and universities really uh need to lead the way because we don't have to worry as much about regulatory constraints about how we manage our facilities and grids so if we all get together learn from each other we can then show cities how to do this um at least we solve the technical and social and economic problem of it and then they can worry about the the political problem and the regulatory problem that uh together with us and uh so yeah I invite all the universities to join us in this transformation in fact and um please let us know if you want to collaborate on this if you're not already working on this we have a team standing by to to tell you how we did it not that we were the best at this maybe we were one of the first but um um but there's certainly a lot more to learn I have to have a follow-up question to this question does your customer engagement evolve students living in the dormitories yes yeah we did some actually um quite explicit studies of that through um a sister organization Climate Works Australia which is a um a kind of a think tank and policy uh and development advocacy organization it's actually part of Monash but it operates in separate organization and they did work with us on some studies in the dormitories and if you email me I'll put you in touch with with the people who did the study and um we've got some reports on that yeah okay great uh i'm not sure if the cooking how do you manage the relation with regulator regulator and grid power regulator well so luckily the regulator is not the problem that's the whole uh the wonderful thing about our um being a campus is we have a private network here um in some cases we call it an embedded network so we can do whatever we want from a grid and local perspective that that gives us a lot more freedom to experiment and it's a lot of other campuses in the in the world are the same right and probably Stanford is the same some of them are more urban um campuses that um are really deeply embedded into the city's grid and therefore you do have to work with the regulator but we decided not to bite that problem off yet um we'd work with the regulator to get their views on and then part of our microgrid energy management operator MIMO project which there's some interim report there in the links it is around how you would then do this when you do have to work with the regulator and we had some regulatory experts working with regulators and governments to to tease that out um the second part of the the grid operator of course is a much more challenging thing even though it's a virtual it's a private network because we connect to them even connecting one megawatt of solar on a 18 megawatt peak demand campus was a problem for them they're worried about short circuit ratios and and other things and it took me a couple of years probably to negotiate that with them so um you know it it's quite quite diabolical um and so uh yeah don't um don't underestimate that I mean some utilities are better than others some more conservative than others um is it a good business to be a virtual power plant um the answer is how long is a piece of string is is uh uh the way we say this in Australia and that's like one day it will be a good business at the moment I don't know that any virtual power plant operator is making money as a as a standalone business that the costs of enabling this are still um you know emerging as any new technology um it's expensive um when you're learning how to put all the bits together so so I assume that's the meaning of the question if you look in pure um well actually there is no other way to answer it I don't think because enabling the operation of virtual power plants got so many layers um the cost of it is is is is a function of all these layers so thank you for that question are they all good questions we're at the end of the presentation if there are no more questions yeah and thank you very much for the wonderful presentation yeah thank you for the opportunity and the honor of addressing your uh very um uh expert audience okay uh okay so thank you everyone and uh again our next seminar is in two weeks uh June 3rd thank you Gino and Mahila and the rest of the Stanford Smarterhood community okay thank you okay all right


Giant butterflies in our stomach. The upside is that as we grow older and gain more relationship experience, the answer becomes more clear. Here are five differences between crushing on and falling in love with someone. One, a crush develops fast while love grows over time. When you first develop a crush on someone, it can feel fun, flirty, and exciting. It's a lot like dancing with a flame but it doesn't last forever. Love, on the other hand, takes time to grow. It demands patience, understanding, and hard work. When we crush on someone, it's the loud adrenaline rush that pounds on our chest. Love, however, allows us to find inner peace within ourselves. It's a lot quieter, subtle even, and can sneak up on us when we least expect it. Two, a crush forms from the basics while love thrives from deep connections. Have you ever liked someone because they share the same interests as you? A crush forms from basic information like that. Maybe the two of you have the same favorite color or you can quote an entire movie together from beginning to end. But that's not necessarily love. Love isn't afraid to dive in the deep.  It's sharing secrets and sometimes, it means confronting the past and mending together. Three, a crush might feel insecure while love stems from trust. Crushing on someone can leave you feeling insecure when you compare yourself to others. But love is built on the foundation of trust. When you love someone, you feel at ease with them. You are neither possessive nor jealous. Love teaches us to let go of our fears, whereas crushing on someone allows them to linger. Four, a crush feels new while love feels familiar. When you crush on someone, it often feels fresh and young. But as you get to know someone better, love forms, making you enter rooms that feel familiar. It's like being with your best friend, someone who knows you inside and out, perhaps better than you may know yourself. When you're crushing on someone, you're too shy to even make it past the welcome mat. Five, a crush is reckless while love is mature.  Crushes can be confusing, reckless, and inconsistent. Love isn't so easily discarded, though. When love begins, so does maturity. You learn how to be vulnerable, how to compromise, and how to grow with someone. It's more than just a feeling, but a life-changing experience. Do you think you're crushing or falling in love with someone? Please share your thoughts with us below. Also, don't forget to subscribe to our channel for more helpful tips and share this video with others. With your help, we can reach more people and provide our support. Thanks for watching!


My name is Sergeant Mike Fitchley with Delta Company 235. I'll be taking you through the latest piece of equipment to be issued to the Light Fighters of the Traffic Lighting Division. This is a class on the ENVGB and the FWSI, where they enhance night vision goggles, binocular, and the family of weapons sites individual. During this class, we'll be going through the equipment that you'll be issued, proper PMCS, mounting, operations, and also troubleshooting. For the beginning of this class, we'll set aside the FWSI and we'll focus on the ENVG. Let's begin with a layout. You all have to risk getting issued your nods, and these nods will come in a small multi-cam bag. I recommend keeping this bag on you, especially if you're in a mounted unit to keep from losing your criminal in the field. You come out with a helmet mount that will carry both your battery pack and your nods mount. Inside of this is a small antenna that feeds from the battery pack, which also has the computer, up to the nods. Inside of this has a small antenna, so make sure to take care that that antenna stays inside of that. Also included is your PA, your positioning assembly, your battery pack, and the computer that controls your nods with the FWSI. This also comes with two eye pieces to help keep it close to your face and to reduce light signature. Two small Velcro straps for mounting to the current generation of helmet and a small assembly kit. Also what comes with it is your small manuals. You have two of those, a cleaning kit, and protective lenses. It comes with two lenses, two for the front and two for the back. That is your equipment layout for the ENVGB. Before I go into mounting the ENVGBs, this entire system with the batteries in weighs two and a half pounds. It can be submerged under one meter of water for up to 30 minutes. And it requires four lithium L91 batteries. It can use other lithium batteries, but you'll just have a different lifespan to what the basic, what is current operational specs are. Operating this thing in fuse mode, which we'll go into a little bit later, is seven and a half hours and then it can go into one hour of non-fused mode or an I squared. To go into mounting, we'll start with our helmet and our UMA, or UHMA.  The new generation of helmets that will be getting issued out will not require these straps as you can mount them directly using a little set of screws. But the current generation of ACHs requires these Velcro mounts. So just like any normal mount. So when mounting this, there's a small antenna that feeds from the battery pack to the FWSI itself. Now, whether you're left-handed or right-handed requires you to put it on one side or the other. There's a small street that holds it in place. And so before you mount your BII onto your helmet, make sure that you take this and you put that antenna onto the side in order to give you a better view between your battery pack and the FWSI itself. Also when mounting this, make sure to keep all these wires right up in here. Make sure to keep these inside of this mount because you don't want those getting exposed or getting pinched between the helmet and the UHMA itself. So when taking this, you want just to go with the standard screw through the front, take this piece, it goes into a small flat-tip screwdriver. You don't have to tighten it down. So now that we have the front part mounted, we take the back part and there's two small slats. Take your small Velcro strap, gain the fuzzy side inside and take it through the back, seating out.  At this point, taking it over your helmet, we can now adjust this small screw on the back. So we take our flat-tip, can loosen it. So just a little bit to them as necessary.  We can take it down to as close to the back of the helmet as we need to. Watch in this case, I want it as close to the bottom as I can to get the tightest fit I can. At this point, I utilize the Velcro inside the helmet. As you can see, I'll feed this right up to it. So now I have my front bolted down, my back, my plate extended all the way down and then I'll take my straps and put them up to the inside of this. Now that that's mounted, I go into the next piece of this, which is my battery pack. This is more than just a battery pack, this is the brains for the entire system. Inside of this small component has a small computer that controls all of this communication with the FWSI as well as between the nods itself as well as controlling the nods itself. For the battery pack, we just loosen these screws and we open them up.  Now we're mounting the battery pack for the positioning assembly where the nods themselves. All of this communication is done by these small boots. So when you mount it, it's important that these pieces are clean and that there's nothing to obstruct going in between the two of them. Now for the nods or for the battery pack, just sits down on the top of it and you can push it right on. Or if you need to, just squeeze it in, just a little bit. Just like that, I have a battery pack mounted. Now at this point, I can move over to my nods. I can remove my safety caps and with this comes two sacrificial, two sacrificial lenses that go on the back and that way it protects the lenses of these from scrapes or if you drop it or something like that. It's designed to take the brunt of any force or anything put onto it instead of the lens of the nods itself.  So the front of these have lifts or light interference filters. These are designed to protect you from any type of focus light. So laser is anything like that that can be used to blind your nods. These protect you from. Definitely recommend keeping those on. And then with the front of those also come small sacrificial lenses that go right on top of those. At this point, taking these little caps which maybe if you're going to the field you might want to remove. I take this and I take my PA. My PA, the same thing as any normal pair of nods making sure that these are clean on both of these and this boot. And they go together to hear a small snap. At this point, I can now mount my nods. So now that I have a fully mounted night vision system it can be stirred in three different ways. One is with nods down, both them up, both them to the side. The second one is with the PA raised but nods still out to the side or pushed back. And the final one is with nods all the way to the forward. Each one of these is a pro in its own way. Basically it just comes down to what type of profile you're trying to go for at the time. These nods can be operated both single and dual. So when using it and you only need to see through one either side can be dropped and if the other side is left up it'll just be shed off. If both of them are raised then both sides will be shed off. When it comes to individual preference, preference or getting it to where the user is needs, each side has a small little bar that can be rolled up and down and that little stop once you've adjusted it will always put it to the place that you need your nods to be. So all you need to do is lower it and it'll automatically stop at where you need to stop. Now inside of these nods a part of the fuse system is the thermal overlay. So if you need to rotate that overlay or you need to move it some there's a small screw that requires a flat tip driver that sits right inside of that and allows you to make micro adjustments to the nods itself on the mount. And while being able to make those small rotations so I can adjust that, say I want it all the way in. I can push it all the way in, tighten up the set screw and now the thermal overlay is all reset to my specific needs. That point I can then rotate in my nods, up and down. I'm good to go. When it comes to the nods themselves they have three modes of operation. They have I screwed, fused or TA and fused only. I screwed is simply the nods itself. You're looking through a dual white phosphorus tubes and that's all it is. Fused or TA is what allows you to attach this thing or connect this thing to the FWIS. And then if I go into fused only it does not connect but instead I still get a thermal overlay with what I'm looking through. Now to turn this thing on I simply use the front button with the nipple at the front of it. Long pressing in that allows me to turn on the I squared. Now short press again will allow me to turn on to fused or TA or fused only. Fused or TA allows me to connect this thing to the FWIS as well as brings up a compass that in a little bit I'll go into how to calibrate. Fused only will allow me to go into a thermal overlay without connecting to the FWIS. Say you don't have one or say that you don't need it you'll still get a thermal overlay. And if you go back again it goes simply into I squared and you'll be looking simply through a set of dual white phosphorus tubes. Now once I turn on my RTA or my fused only the back button will allow me to change the polarity of it including black hot, white hot and outline. Once I'm done with that I can long press the button with the nipple and I'll shut down my nods. As far as making adjustments inside your nods you can use the small little nod at the front. If you're simply in I squared rotating it will change your gain. If you go into fused or TA and you long press that it'll allow me to go into the system settings calibrate the compass and make adjustments to the system's gain and brightness. So once I go into fused or TA I can now have a compass that comes up. Now for me to adjust this compass I need to go to this little nod right here in the middle and long hold that and compass will come up. Now at that point just press on it again and I can now initiate my compass calibration. Now a little set of instructions will come up that include to tilt your head to each shoulder two times look up and down two times and then spin 360 degrees two times. You don't want it to be too fast but it also doesn't have to be super slow. And just like that I now have a calibrated compass. When you're looking through this there's a small blue, it looks like a horseshoe that might come up on the top left hand of your screen. If you see that what that means is that there's a magnetic disturbance and your compass is definitely or a very high probability that your compass is no longer calibrated. In addition to that you will still need to do calibrations every so many depending on like how much metal you might be around and anything like that, take them off, bring them on. You might still have to still do a calibration. It's not perfect though, give you a general direction. Once you're inside of fused ATR or you're inside of fused only all you need to do is begin rotating this knob and now you can control your gain.  Now once you've cycled through those you can make your adjustments as you need to. So now that we've gone over all three of those as well as how to use the illuminator that's pretty much it as far as the basics go for the operation of the ENVG. Now we'll go into the FWSI and how to connect them. So now that we've covered the ENVG B we'll now go into the FWSI or the family of weapon sites individual. Right now the current one that we've been issued is for 556 only, although the current generation still has software for 762. It's not designed to be used with medium automatic weapon platforms. It's only meant for emporers right now. So the FWSI is designed to be both a standalone and to be able to be integrated with current optics that we're using. So if you use a standalone it does need to be zero to the weapon and it comes with a riser. This is the riser that comes with it, a remote that comes with it. Again, if you're using standalone here's a small eyepiece designed to cover up the screen so a little bit better light discipline. And also a small in-between piece from adding this to a CCL or an ACON. So like I just said, this can either be used standalone or it can be used together with, right now it's set up for either an ACOG or a CCL. So the FWSI is the same as the ENVY-GV and requiring lithium L91 batteries. There's a small little compartment that unscrews on the side, opens up and requires three of these batteries. They go in, positive side in, and then again pressing down just a little bit and it can then screw it straight on. On top of this battery compartment are two little teeth and this is designed to hold the lens cap. The lens cap is a part of it, it doesn't come off the side itself. And so you can just slide it onto these two little teeth.  It just uses your standard Picatinny mount. A part of this is also the remote. This remote mounts into the small port on the side of the site. It can just be opened up and plugged in. It only goes in one way. And now I can control this site by using a simple remote on the side. For the use right now, I will mount the eyepiece, but traditionally speaking, if you're using as a standalone site, you would have that on. So for the functionality and for the use of FWSI, it has three buttons on it. And this thing has three modes, as PIP, FWS and RTA, which is your spatially aligned site. Long pressing, bottom button right here, we'll turn it on and off as well as short press, we'll access the menu. The button on the left side of it, short press will calibrate and long press will either allow you to realign your site or it lets you turn on and off, it lets you toggle your spatially aligned site. The right side, short press will change your field of view and long press will change your white hot, black hot.  So now we're going to actually getting these two linked together. At that point, you go to your nods and you need to put it into fused RTA. So again, the small button with the nipple, you press it once, and it'll take you into fused RTA. Now at this point, this little knob in the middle, I can long press that, switch over to settings, and then at this point, I can go into wireless enable, and I press that, go back through it and hit join network. Now, this battery pack using this antenna at the front is looking for the FWSI. Using the FWSI, I can go to my menu, I can go to setup, I can go to either wizard or manual, each one will walk you right through it. And through that is where you choose your mode, your reticle, whether or not you're mounting it to a weapon, or you're going to be using it as a standalone, or you're going to be using it with another site. Then I can select RTA, make sure that the network is on, and then I can go with network configuration. Now, once you get to there, you can either add a device, or you need to do a new network if you're linking it to something new. And if something will come up, they'll ask you, are you sure, yes or no? I'm selecting yes. Now, these two have now linked together. And now, with my head turned, I can be looking the opposite direction. I can be looking directly at the LT. I see this entire room. Because now, using in my fuse RTA, the information from this FWSI is being put onto my screen. And so now I don't have to be looking directly at something. See, I want to clear a corner, but I don't want to put my head around the corner because that's not what I want to do.  Instead, I can just use my weapon with the FWSI and I can just look around it. And just like that, I can now acquire a target simply by leading my weapon around the corner. Going through different modes, using my right side, I can align it. I need to realign this right here. Yeah, just like that. Okay, now I've been realigned. Okay, now this is where your KBM comes in. It's a small little switch that comes along with it and it plugs right into it. Now, using my KBM as my switch for this, I can control, it's a remote, I can control all of this with. I can now switch, I can do my alignment using this very top button. I can switch my modes, whichever one I want. So now I can either put the, what I see directly into a small box and the site will be the big box. I can do this as spatially aligned or I can do it as what the site sees is a small box down in the bottom corner and then I'm still looking through. So all I have to do is check the bottom corner to see what my weapon itself is looking at. Now this is one of the big keys here, is getting this alignment down. So this is using the bubble site or the spatially aligned site. All I have to do is my alignment. And just like that, I've now aligned my site to be something that operates independently within what I'm seeing. So now I can be looking straight and this weapon site can be operating inside of my field of view. All I have to do is move it around wherever I need it, wherever I want it, if I wanna look around a corner and this thing leaves my field of view, there's a little red dot that follows the edge of it that tells me where that is. Bring it back into view and now without even moving my head, I can now just simply move around my site and it operates completely independently within my field of view.  And with that, I've now linked what I see through my nods directly to my weapon. So whatever my weapon sees, I can now see. One of the major focuses to this and one of the reasons why we've gotten these as soon as we have is because that allows us to operate primarily in subterranean or enclosed spaces in which making visual target acquisition without aid, very difficult. So now say you're operating inside of a sub T environment and I need to look around a corner, I need to check something. It's very tight, I don't wanna stick my head around, I don't wanna stick my body around it, I don't wanna send my new private up there. So instead, me operating inside of a confined environment, I can just use my weapon, I can check corners, I can check small spaces, I can check small hallways, whatever it may be, I can now operate inside that environment without having to expose myself or expose somebody else. So when it comes to employing this thing with a weapon system, either with a 249 or with an M4, what I can do is I can use this thing. Like I said before, there's a standalone site or put together with a CCO or with an ACOG. Now when I'm doing that, I'm using it with another site. This little shroud comes onto the end of it. And then without using the riser, it mounts directly to the rail with the CCO or ACOG mounting directly into this. And with that, I now provide a thermal view, which I can look through with my ACOG with my CCO. Now, if I wanna use this standalone, I need to use my riser. This thing goes directly under this and then my riser goes directly onto my weapon itself. If I'm using it by itself, I get my little piece, my little eye cup that makes sure I keep a little bit lower signature out there and it screws right on. And now I have something that helps block light. So I'm not exposing light. I have a better light discipline out there. And anytime I look through it, it gives me eye relief just looking right through my site. A part of the operation for the FWSI is being able to use the menu. The menu can be accessed by sure pressing the power button. It also says menu, so it's pretty good to take it away. And once you access that, you can either set up for calibration to be automatic or for you to do it manually. You can go to setup. From setup, you can either access the wizard, which will do most of this stuff automatically.  And then it'll give you the option to zero the site, which at that point it walks you through zero in site. I'm not going to go into depth into zero in the site. This is part of the manual that comes with it and what you need to do and how you need to set that up. So for right now, we won't be going through zeroing as much as we'll just be going on how to get to that and how to use that itself. Once you've gone to that, so the wizard will do as much automatically for you as you can. Once you select your weapon, once you select your site and RTA or non-RTA, most of that will happen automatically. If you go to manual, at that point you can select your reticle for yourself. You can select your mode and then you can also select the optic that you're using. Now, if you're using it by yourself, you either need to use it in standalone, CCO for one time or a CO for four times. Inside of this one, they refer to it as the RCO, not the ACOG. And then once you do that, you can walk through all the rest of it. From the menu, you can also access the administrative work, which includes everything that you need for, it's all admin, so it won't pertain directly to you as much as it will with the site itself. And then that's pretty much it for the menu itself. Yeah, that's it for the menu. BE and VGB and FWSI allow increased situational awareness and lethality at an individual soldier level, while vastly increasing both unit modernization and flexibility. The FWSI and the ENVGB are one of the great steps to modernizing the current army as it stands.


The National Best Warrior competition started today at Camp Ripley, where 14 soldiers representing seven Army National Guard regions will compete. Sarah Winkelman has that story. Competitors who have already made it through their unit, state, and regional level competitions are competing at the four-day-long national event starting today. After lots of time training and preparation, the competitors could not wait for the competition to get underway at Camp Ripley. The hardest part is the anticipation, just waiting. Once the competition gets started, it's kind of like a blur from that point forward. So that's when your training kind of kicks in, and it's all muscle memory from that point forward. Of the seven Army National Guard regions that are competing, there is one competitor that is representing Minnesota. It's a big honor to represent Minnesota and region four here at the national competition. It's a level that really allows you to see where you're at and test your own abilities. To the heat outside today, the outdoor portion was pushed back, meaning that the competition began with the essay and exam. We don't know the order of the event, so really what all the events are, so going into it and being able to think on the fly and be adaptive to the environment is going to be a big test, but I'm looking forward to that. The competition will include several events that test them on their proficiency with weapons and their ability to perform military tasks, all while working under pressure. It's been exciting, been stressful at the same time to add an extra layer of work on top of the daily duties back in Tennessee, but feeling compelled to do this for the soldiers, everybody I'm representing. The event is something new for Camp Ripley to host, and they've also spent months in preparation to make sure they represent Minnesota well. Well, it's a huge honor to be able to do a national event like this. We host a lot of regional competitions and certainly a lot of the activity that the state puts on, but to host a national competition for the National Guard is truly an honor. On Thursday, the competition will come to a close at Lake Itasca, where the public is invited to come and cheer at the finish line. Reporting at Camp Ripley, Sarah Winkleman, Lakeland News. At the end of the competition, one top soldier and one non-commissioned officer will continue on to the all-army best warrior competition in October. If you've enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland Public Television.


Welcome to Every Way Woman. Here, the color of feminism is the topic today. It's obviously evolved throughout the years, but it's also different in different cultures, communities. Stacey, what does it mean to you? For me being an African-American woman, it means that I am twofold. I'm supposed to be strong. A lot of, in our culture, a lot of men are absent. But then also, I want that chivalry. So I wanna be independent, but I want that man to take care of me, to coddle me. And sometime that conflicts, because it doesn't represent what a feminist is supposed to be. Well, I do think there's a common thread in that we wanna be treated like women. How I grew up kind of in the Waspe community, if you will, very conservative, West Michigan. That's how it was for me, but I think that it is different. But in my culture, I don't have a choice.  Where in some cultures, maybe in Michigan, you don't necessarily have to, you can choose to. Oftentimes as a black woman, I gotta take that role on. Well, I know growing up, I grew up without a father for a couple of years throughout my early childhood.  You need to be financially stabilized. You need to be able to cook, clean, and go to work, and take care of your kids. And to me. You need to do it all. That's the idea of feminism, to me, is just being an all-round, all-round-wounded woman. But how was that supported by the Latino man? Ooh. That's what I wanted. I was like, what? Wow. Latino man. I believe a lot of them, not everybody, so if you're watching right now, relax. But they can be really controlling. It can be very controlling, because I think being a Latino, it's like what they say has to go, you know? And even- Is that how you were raised? No. No. Well, maybe. This is like therapy for me, I'm thinking, no. No, actually, I wasn't. My dad was controlling in a sense. Actually, I lied. He was very controlling, yeah. But going back to maybe perhaps dating, it happens to me a lot. It's like they want to take control. They expect you, when they want to settle down, they talk about the whole getting married, and you have to be at home, being a wife, being this and that. And it's like, whoa, I'm independent. Like, if I do get married, I still want to work. So let me ask you this. I don't think I want to have children. You know what I mean? To your point, because you are a strong independent woman, would you consider dating outside your race, or would you find that to be maybe a slap against your culture? Not at all. Not at all. Not mind dating outside my race. How are these men controlling? Going back to my dad, this is so bad. He wouldn't even let us look. Well, if we were eating dinner with our whole family and my sister and my mom, we couldn't even look at the next table. Wow. And this is bad. This is something that I probably, if he's watching, sorry. But yeah, we couldn't even look at the next table. And if we did, we would get punished. But see, just like you and I grew up in a Latino community too. So it's like all my friends and my sister's friends and my mom's friends and even within my family, the Hispanic men are very controlling. They can be aggressive. They just want it their way or no way. And I hate to be stereotypical here because there aren't great Hispanic men out there.  But is it true that Latino women are expected to mother a lot of children? Is that a pressure for you? And that's such a stereotyped, right? Yeah, definitely too. I mean, it's a stereotype, but yeah, definitely having a lot of children, being at home, not working, you know? I mean, it's not everybody. There's a lot of my Latina friends that are business owners and stuff, but these are like the, I would say nowadays, we're making changes, but that's usually the stereotype. And so to bring that to the African-American culture, and again, these are stereotypes like Anna, keep the test, it's not everyone. But oftentimes the man, if he is present, sometimes he's not bringing his game. So even though he's present, I still have to do everything. Then he's absent. So either I'm doing everything or I have a man here who's kind of sorta doing this, kind of sorta not. So how do I decide? And if I'm too strong, then I talk too much. I don't want a woman who talk too much. You do everything, but then if I don't talk or I'm a little subservient, then I'm gonna, you know, you're not good enough. So it's really a challenge. You know, it's interesting too, because I think that there is this almost fading feminism because the lines are getting very blurred, at least from my generation, and speaking in regards to dating and relationships. And I don't think the men know where to fit in anymore. They don't know if they should be children or us, if they should pay the tap, if they assume that you will pay half the tap. And I was taught that you should reach in your purse, expect them to, but you should always at least offer to take care of your own, you know? And you have to pay with it. Right, just kidding. But these lines are blurred and I don't think men know how to react because we as women are in this balancing act. Women are asking men to marry them. So you're right. Things are changing. Roles are changing. Roles are changing. More information, go to everywaywoman.com. We'll follow up with you on the movement. Stay tuned. We'll be right back.


To 112. Council meeting mark almost to the day, the 70th anniversary of our organization. On December 5, 1951, the International Migration Conference was convened in Brussels. The 19 countries in attendance decided to found the organization that is today IOM. In taking this step, the 19 founding states gave hope to andrids of thousands of Europeans suffering in the aftermath of the Second World War. IOM's origins were therefore fairly modest. It was a committee with a temporary mandate and operations were limited to a single continent. Over a quarter of a century later in 1980, the council decided to change the organization's name to the Intergovernmental Committee for Migration, ICM, in recognition of the organization's increasingly global role, in particular in Latin America and also in Southeast Asia. By this time, ISEM had already assisted 3 million migrants and provided services in numerous other areas. Finally, in 1989, ICM became the International Organization for Migration, IOM. And now both a nearly universal membership, constant growth in its scope of work and size of operations, and of course, the crucial landmark of entering into the United Nations system in 2016 as a related agency. Today, IOM is a global organization, focused exclusively on migration. IOM works in close partnership with you, our member states, the United Nations and other intergovernmental agencies, international and national non-governmental organizations and research and academic institutions worldwide. In line with the growing importance of migration and of displacement in general, the adoption of the global compact for safe orderly and regular migration in 2018 has been definitely a watershed moment in this regard. Then as now, IOM has sought to accompany the international community in its deliberations, while remaining as close to the people it serves as possible, on the ground, in the field. This journey has been possible thanks to the engagement, commitment and professionalism of all IOM colleagues, past and present to whom I wish to pay a very sincere and heartfelt tribute today. It is my great honor to carry the legacy of my predecessors, as well as that of the thousands of IOMers who have dedicated their lives to the noble values mission and mandate of IOM over the past 70 years. Yes, looking forward to the next 70. Thank you.


So again, all I'm going to need is a lemon. Make sure that you pick one that has enough juice and feels soft. I'm going to need baking soda and a cleaning brush. So first thing that I'm gonna do, I'm gonna squeeze the lemon in. I mean, there are so many ways that you can do this. Don't really have enough time, so just gonna go with my hands like this. And that should be enough. Obviously, it depends on how large the non-genuine water bottle is. I think for this one, one lemon should be fine. Okay, so that's that. I'm gonna get rid of the lemon here. So next step will be adding baking soda. Probably two spoons. That should be enough. Maybe a little more because it's supposed to start a fizzy reaction. That's enough. Get that out of the way. Okay, so next step, I'm going to fill it with water. It doesn't have to be filled all the way up, so probably just halfway is what I'm gonna do for right now. I could probably use more lemon. And then from here, I'm just gonna shake it. Shake it, shake it, shake it. So that's good for now. I'm gonna leave it there just a couple of minutes. Don't have enough time, but the longer you leave it there, the better, couple of hours, two hours fine. Gonna leave it there. And then once I'm ready, I'm going to use the brush. Brush the inside, get rid of the water, and it should be good to go. Then I'm gonna use the brush and the inside. And then don't forget to clean the cover. Definitely cleaner than earlier. I could have used a bit more time to let it soak, but this is good for me. It doesn't smell bad anymore. Looks clean, and I am very happy with the result.