Welcome back everyone. I wanted to start this course off by just giving a brief overview of what exactly is cybercrime. So before we actually start investigating digital crime or cybercrime, we need to have a good idea of what cybercrime actually is. So whenever we start talking about what cybercrime is, in 2017, the definition of cybercrime will greatly vary depending on which country you're in, which jurisdiction you're in, how your country, how your country's culture thinks about computers and how they use computers. So one of we're talking about definitions. Definitions really matter on your jurisdiction and how your government sees computers and sees computer crime. So I'm going to give some very basic general definitions that I think most people can agree on, but everything really depends on your country and your culture and how your culture uses the internet and treats cybercrime. So first off, what is cybercrime? We can say that cybercrime is crime conducted via the internet or some computer network. Now most cybercrime happens online because you just have, you know, massive amounts of computers connected together and they can communicate with each other real time. That means that anyone in any other internet connected place can connect to and communicate with computers in your country or your jurisdiction. One of we're talking about cybercrime, there's usually a focus on the connection between systems. So we have two systems, two or more systems talking together and again all of this can be done in real time. So imagine you might be connecting to this K MOOC or you might be connecting to Facebook. Well, where is the K MOOC server located? It's probably located in Korea. So if you're taking this course outside of Korea, you're actually connecting into another country to be able to download these videos. If you're connecting from within Korea, then you're connecting maybe to another city or another location to be able to download this content. If you think about Facebook, Facebook is hosted in the United States with servers all over the world and you are connecting to those other countries or those other jurisdictions in real time. I mean, as fast as you want, you can basically connect to them. So we focus on, whenever we're talking about cybercrimes, connections between systems and there's usually or almost always some type of connection going on between these two systems. Very often these connections are global. So just like K MOOC, just like Facebook, you're going to be connecting to, most of the time, another country. Your traffic will go through another country even if you're making a connection that might even be local. So there's always some sort of global connections and we'll talk more about what globalization means or what these connecting to other countries means in terms of cybercrime in a later video. So cybercrime, we're dealing with some type of connection. Now, it's a little bit different than computer crime because with cybercrime, we're focused mostly on the connections with computer crime. We're focused on the computer as either a tool or a victim. Now, whenever a computer is a victim of cybercrime or of a digital crime, most likely it's because somebody connected in from the internet or some other network connected to it and made it a victim either by stealing a database or just stealing information. But those computers could also be used as tools in cybercrime. So if I can take over your computer, for example, if I just sit down at your computer, use that computer to try to hack into a bank, then I have taken over your computer to commit crime. So I'm using your computer as a tool in crime. So with cybercrime, again, we're focusing mostly on connections between systems with computer crime. We're focused on the system, investigating the system itself. So the computer, the phone, possibly the cloud, even though it's kind of a mix between cybercrime and computer crime. Now, this all brings us to network connections. So how do these computers actually talk to each other? We don't have time to go into all of how the internet networks work. I wish we did. But very basically, devices talk to each other over the internet using TCP IP protocol. You can think of a protocol just like a language. So if two computers want to talk to each other, they have to speak the same language to be able to communicate and pass information. And the protocol that we use for the internet is TCP IP. Each computer using TCP IP needs a unique internet protocol address or an IP address to talk to other computers online. This IP address, you can think of kind of like a phone number. If you have a cell phone, you have your individual phone number for your cell phone, your friend has their unique phone number. And if you dial that phone number, you get your friend or you get your phone. A computer also has this unique number that's used to communicate with it. So if I want to talk to your computer, I just need to know your IP address and I can connect to your computer more or less directly. The local internet service provider provides IP addresses to these users. Your internet service provider, for example, in Korea, it would be like SK Telecom, Olay. Any of the big service providers where you would get internet for your phone, most of the cases, you can also get internet at your house from the same providers. They, those companies, are providing an IP address to you, a public IP address to you, and that's what lets you get online. Now, in your home, you probably have some sort of Wi-Fi access point, right? And maybe even the company gave it to you whenever you signed up for internet. That Wi-Fi access point is getting a public IP address from the company, the service provider, and all of your devices can connect to your own local network. Now, there's a difference between public IP address and private IP address, which is on your local network. We'll talk a little bit more about the different IP addresses in the future. Connection. So when a device is put online, anyone in the world can connect to that IP address. So once you connect your computer to the internet, everyone that's also connected to the internet can connect to your computer. And a lot of people don't realize that.  The devices security settings determine how the device responds to different connections. So if I connect to your TV and I tell it to change the channel or to turn on the camera or whatever, if your TV is not configured securely and it allows those connections from the internet in, then I might actually be able to connect to your TV and turn on your camera on the TV. So that's actually a big problem right now. Programs running on your computer can open holes. So think of the connection kind of like a wall, right? And every program we run on the computer can potentially open up a different part of the wall. For example, smart TVs, for example, whenever they want to connect to the internet, they might open up some different holes on this wall that can let connections come in and out. And that can make your entire network a little bit less secure. Because of those default settings that most people don't change, there's a lot of security risk in people trying to connect in. So if I can randomly scan your your home, I can find all of the open holes in the wall and then try to make connections to them. Attackers can use these holes to try to gain full access inside your computer or inside your local network. If they can connect into you, then they can take advantage of software vulnerabilities or bad configuration or no security and take over your internal network and then either use your computer to do something bad or just steal your information. Keeping software updated really helps to close vulnerabilities. So most people don't really update Windows very often. They almost never update their wireless router. They don't usually updates much software. Right? But if you keep the latest or the most updated software on your computers, that helps in reducing most of the security vulnerabilities that you're likely to find, not everything. You can't reduce all vulnerability or you can't remove all vulnerabilities, but you can definitely reduce them by keeping your software up to date. And that includes your phone. So make sure your phone always has the latest software installed. Cybercrime comes in many forms. We're talking about making connections and these these always connected networks really help to really help cybercrime, I guess, work because these connections can be made. Cybercrime comes in many forms. The majority of cybercrime is financially motivated in some way. Anyone who's doing cybercrime that's doing it, let's say full time or as a profession is trying to make money. And because of the way that networks work, the way the internet works, a lot of cybercrimes are very profitable. And because of that, organized crime is really starting to do a lot more cybercrime or have a lot more business in cybercrime. Attackers may try to steal data or information stored on a computer.  Well, if you hack into a business and you steal their business secrets, maybe they make all of their money from those business secrets. And if they sell them to a competitor, they sell them to somebody else, they can make a lot of money from selling it. But they can also put this group out of business. So there's a lot of different types of crime that can happen from those situations. If you think about your own personal computer, or your phone, what information do you have on your phone or personal computer that you might not want other people to know about? Think about chats. Maybe you talked bad about a friend, you don't want your friend to know that you said something bad about them. But if somebody can steal your chats, they know that you said something bad about somebody else, or maybe you sent a bad picture or something like that, then they can use that information against you and say, pay me money, or I'll share this information with your friends or your family. This is a big problem in Korea right now, where people are sharing usually, you know, naked or sexy pictures or videos, and then people are recording those and using that against the person later to ask for money, otherwise they'll share those pictures with their friends and family, coworkers, whatever. It's a big problem in Korea, but it's really happening worldwide. This is not a new type of crime, but it is enabled by network connections. We can now do things much faster, much more efficiently. So this type of crime works pretty well, although the police now are starting to crack down on it a little bit more. So data information stored on a computer is very valuable. Even though we don't individually think that our data is very valuable, it is. And criminals know this, that's why they want to sniff or capture everything that a person is doing, that way they can sell that information to other providers. Steal data information transferred over a network. So any information you transfer over a network is also potentially valuable because it could be secret, it could be credit card numbers, it could be bank accounts, it could be passwords, it could be a lot of things. And all of those are valuable to someone. Now, one password might only be worth one or two cents. But if you have millions and millions of passwords, that's quite a lot of money. And take control of devices and use their resources to do whatever the attacker wants. So this is extremely common. If we can take over a computer system, we can control it to do whatever we want. That includes hacking or denial of service attacks against governments or whatever. So if we can put a virus on everyone's computer, then we can control everyone's computer to tell it to do denial of service against, you know, a government agency. And then the attacker who actually did this, it's very hard to find them because it looks like that it's all of these people's computers that are attacking. So we can use people's computers to basically do crime to try to hide where we're coming from. And that's very common. Yeah, another extremely common thing that we do with, that people do with somebody's computer whenever it's taken over is to send spam email for money.   I'm sure you've received a lot. If we can take over people's computers, then we can send spam email through their computers and send a lot more spam without getting caught. And spam makes a lot of people a lot of money or spammers, quite a bit of money if they do it properly. Most cyber crime in Korea, most cyber crimes in Korea are online fraud related. So Korea has an extremely high number of white color crime, I'd say. The really violent crime in Korea is very, very low.  In Korea, everyone probably knows that you can instantly transfer money between Korean banks. Even if the banks are different, you can still instantly transfer money. This creates kind of a bad situation because if you're trying to buy something online, most online sellers just want you to instantly transfer money directly to their bank account and then they'll send you the package. But think about the risk in that. You could send the money and then they don't have to send the package or they can send the wrong thing. What most countries do, because this system would not work in any other country, it can only work in Korea, what most other countries do is have a third party hold the money and then whenever you receive your package from the online auction or whatever it is, you confirm that the package is okay and then this third party will release the money. Basically, there's a third party controlling the situation so you don't have to trust somebody else. Because of instant transfers in Korea, a lot of money is stolen just from people trying to buy things online. It really only happens in Korea and it's partially a cultural thing going back quite a ways. Skype and chat blackmail. I've talked about this a little bit. Somebody gets on KakaoTalk and says hey would you like to chat with me and then people do chat and whoever they're chatting with they get them to do something maybe sexy online and then the person on the other end is recording everything. Now if I record you doing something sexy then I can say pay me money otherwise I'll share this with all your friends and family and coworkers and then that can hurt your reputation. So a lot of people pay a lot of money for that. The important thing here is don't share information that you don't want your friends and family to know about. Just don't do things that you wouldn't want your family to know you're doing and that will stop the crime. So all of those involve some type of connections online either a connection where there's an online auction and then transferring money over the internet or a connection through chat and then through Skype and recording and then sending emails or messages back. So all of those involve some type of communication. Now the problem is most of those also involve connections to other countries. So for example Skype is not based in Korea so if you're using Skype Korean police officers trying to investigate Skype it's very difficult. So many cybercrimes have an international component. Real-time connections across national borders like I said Skype it's across national borders and it's a real-time connection. Suspect victim servers may be in the same country. Suspect may be in another country. The victim and the servers may be in the same country. Suspect and victim might be in the same country but a server is outside. So you might have two Koreans in Korea a suspect and a victim but then they might be using Gmail which is based in the US. Suspect and victim and servers all in different countries and this is probably one of the most common ones is you have a suspect who's trying to hack somebody based in I don't know Thailand China Vietnam wherever and then they are trying to steal money from a Korean in Korea and they're using an American server to be able to route their traffic or exchange messages or whatever. So you have at least three different countries involved and the suspect and the victim are in different locations. So it's very difficult to investigate these types of crimes. Police the reason it's difficult is because police are limited by jurisdiction. So law enforcement have a certain jurisdiction that they have authority in. Korean national police for example have authority in all of Korea. So if there's a police officer in Korea they have authority to arrest somebody or do investigations in all of Korea. Korean national police do not have any authority in South Africa for example. So a Korean police officer cannot go to South Africa and arrest someone. They just don't have the authority to do any type of investigation in South Africa unless South Africa allows them to the South African government. So they cannot carry out an official investigation. They cannot make arrests. They cannot collect evidence outside of their jurisdiction. So what happens if you have a suspect in South Africa and a victim in Korea. Then the two countries have to work together the two governments have to work together and the two governments might not want to work together or maybe the amount of money wasn't enough to justify working together so there's a lot of problems with international cooperation. Cross jurisdiction requires country to country cooperation. So again cybercrime is about connections. We often start with a victim.  We want to examine all of the different connections that we can possibly find leading back to who the suspect is for example look at the victim's device look at where the money was transferred to if money was stolen follow money transfers phone calls SMS all of those are connections that are made just follow them back and we can try to lead back to the suspect. There are many types of individuals and organizations committing cybercrime. So many types of individuals and organizations committing cybercrime from very unorganized kind of low level criminals doing very small cybercrimes for maybe you know twenty dollars twenty thousand one something like that to very structured very elite organized crime that are making millions if not billions of dollars per year off of cybercrime. The motivations vary but usually related to finances most cybercriminals again are trying to make money. Individuals have limited resources but a large reach. So a single person can potentially compromise millions of devices online organized organized cybercrime has added organized cyber organized criminal organizations have added cybercrime as an integral part of their operations. They know that cybercrime makes a lot of money. So they're trying to add that to all of the other types of crime that they were doing. So that's it for today. Next I'm going to talk about how to or cybersecurity how to secure yourself and how cybersecurity actually works. Thank you very much.


My final project for future design is about a social experiment where people are going to communicate face-to-face instead of using their digital device. I want to create this experience for people, especially the target, its city people, and to make them also uncomfortable, you know, because in social media we have different attitudes and maybe, you know, like you send a song on YouTube to your friend and it will say like, yeah, I will listen to it, but he never does it, or you just start a shit storm about some hot topic on Twitter, on Facebook and just want to recreate this experience but making people seeing each other and that's what I would like to do. It's going to be three different spaces, defined by three tables and each table is going to have posters that are going to guide you and the tools that you're going to use with the other person that is going to be with you and I'm going to guide the people inside it. That's the main thing actually. Also the posters are important, but I'm going to just explain to the people at the beginning that they need to be true, it's better that they don't know each other. I would try to do my best actually, you know, it's going to be an exhibition full of art and different experience, so I think that it could go fine. Basically in the last few months that was the launch of the Metaverse, you know, and I was like, man, I don't get it, like maybe it's the obvious consequence of the technology, but I was like, I really don't get it, I mean, what is it about? Like last week there was a football match and there was the first football match shown on the Metaverse, it was an Italian football match, I was like, does it make any sense? Like I have to watch something into another reality, like can I just do it in my living room? I know maybe the Metaverse is going to be super cool and I think that if it's going to be affordable I will use it maybe every day, but my concern was to go out of this augmented reality, augmented intelligence world and I wanted more to focus on the social aspect because I think that we are a middle generation and with middle generation I mean that we are the last generation who has their parents and their grandparents who had experienced the world without internet and that is super cool because from now on, all of us, we're going to be super cool grandmother and grandfather because we're going to have our memory book on Instagram and our life, it's, I mean, I had my first smartphone when I was 18, so I am pretty lucky to experience a life without internet but I can see now that so many kids, even in the school, in the train, and why they are doing breakfast in Starbucks, they are using the tablet there and it is cool, I mean, maybe this is an obvious consequence of the world, of the evolution of the human species, but I just want to remind people that there is a world outside the internet and this is crazy because I think we are losing so many skills, I think that our brain is getting lazier and lazier and it is also because we spend so much time in this kind of social interaction that apparently makes us happy. Speaking about the social aspect of it, I think that now we are shy, we are very more shy and we prefer to break the ice with some filter, which is Tinder, Instagram, or we feel free to say whatever we want, even just because it's on Twitter, you know, and maybe that's fine, but I want just to make people understand how different they would act if they are in front of these people, that's where my project starts. Come to our exhibition because it's going to be wild and it's a walk on the wild side and we are artists and students and designers working each other and I'm sure that it's going to be worth it for you. Cheers, bless.


Hello children it's story time again. Today we will read a book about animals. Now this book is about a brown bear who goes for a walk and do you want to know? What does he see? Let's find out. The name of the book is Brown Bear, Brown Bear. What do you see? By Bill Martin, Jr. and Eric Kahl. Brown Bear, Brown Bear. What do you see? I see a red bird looking at me. Red bird, red bird. What do you see? Treat treat. I see a yellow duck looking at me. Yellow duck, yellow duck. What do you see? Quack quack. I see a blue horse looking at me. Blue horse, blue horse. What do you see? Nay, nay. I see a green frog looking at me. Green frog, green frog. What do you see? Ribbit, ribbit. I see a purple cat looking at me. Purple cat, purple cat. What do you see? I see a white dog looking at me. White dog, white dog. What do you see? Woof, woof, woof. I see a black sheep looking at me. Black sheep, black sheep. What do you see? Bah, bah. I see a goldfish looking at me. Goldfish, goldfish. What do you see? Plop, plop. I see a teacher looking at me. Teacher, teacher. What do you see? I see children looking at me. Children, children. What do you see? I see a brown bear, a red bird, a yellow duck, a purple cat, a white dog. That's right. I hope you enjoyed reading this story. I have a beautiful song for you. And I will see you next time. Until then, happy reading, happy learning. I see a red bird looking at me. Red bird, red bird. What do you see? I see a yellow duck looking at me. Yellow duck, yellow duck. What do you see? I see a blue horse looking at me. Blue horse, blue horse. What do you see? I see a green frog looking at me. Green frog, green frog. What do you see? I see a purple cat looking at me. Purple cat, purple cat. What do you see? I see a white dog looking at me White dog, white dog, what do you see?  I see a goldfish looking at me Goldfish, goldfish, what do you see? I see a teacher looking at me Teacher, teacher, what do you see? I see children looking at me Children, children, what do you see?  Brown bear, brown bear, what do you see? I see a red bird, a red bird, a red bird, what do you see? I see a yellow duck, a yellow duck, what do you see? I see a blue horse, a little cat, blue horse, a blue horse, what do you see? I see a green frog, a little cat, a green frog, what do you see? I see a purple cat, a little cat, what do you see? I see what dog look at me White dog, white dog, what do you see?  I see a goldfish look at me Goldfish, goldfish, what do you see? I see a teacher look at me Teacher, teacher, what do you see? I see children looking at me. Children, children, what do you see?


Welcome to Toffy TV, it is the match preview Tottenham Hotspair versus Everton at the Tottenham Hotspair stadium. If it is, it is. No fans.  Everton would take us at both Tottenham and suddenly then you're looking at it in terms of Europa and looking at the teams we've got left and I'm not sitting nearby any means saying that they're easy games and they'll all be difficult for different reasons, but this is a big opportunity now. This has presented itself as a big opportunity and for Everton, you know, if we could take that opportunity on Monday night then it could really be looking up. Definitely, it is a big opportunity. I think the biggest thing really will be not losing the game because there's only a point between the two teams. Obviously, Sheffield United beat Spades in the friendly league this week. So, you know, one point between the two teams after we beat Leicester, obviously we win and we go above them.  It'll be an absolutely huge result, but not losing will be as equally big because it keeps them, it keeps you next to a team who I think are probably the favourites for that seven spot in Spades. Do you think? You might beg to differ on this one, but only because I look at Arsenal's form in the last couple of games, so they're in and around there as well. Sheffield United have obviously won that game and they haven't had a great start, but they've won that game with a decent form. So, I don't, I just generally think it's anyone's out of three or four teams rather than them being focussed on just trying to start. I just think Spades are, after Wolves, I think Spades are probably the next best team. I watched that she and Arsenal against Norridge in the nil nil. Norridge did the post, Golgi ffetlaid ydyw'r cryff and gives it to Obama Young and it's one nil. Norridge all over Arsenal. Arsenal break, mistake, two nil. Arsenal aren't playing well. They've had a couple of easy wins in the last couple of games. They've got a tough running, so I think Spades will be above Arsenal without even having to worry about it. So, to me, if you can get above Spades, you'll be the team. I'll finish the seven. Was the argument not that, we're not exactly playing well though either, but we're grinding out results. We've had tougher games though, I would say. I'm not saying we'll finish above Spades, I'm just saying I'll be very surprised if Arsenal finish above Tottenham. What have she? Arsenal defensively are very good. She's got Obama Young, he's amazing. You've got a chance. I'm just looking at the teams and we're in this mix. Sheffield United have been brilliant and he just took Spades apart, but I still feel like Tottenham are stronger than Sheffield United. But, who knows? I mean, that's just me saying it today. Everything could go there and get a resultant. Spades could be in trouble. I just think, it was a bit man at the moment, looking at Sheffield United in 7th on 47th down to probably us, Palace 7 outside, but probably us. I would say, out of those, Sheffield United Arsenal, Spades, Burnley and Everton, I'd say Spades. For me at this moment would be the favourites to get that seven to please. Just cos I think when you've got Harry Kane and Sun in your side, I think you've got a great chance of winning games. I mean, listen, they've got good players, they're not playing well. I would say. But then saying that before that defeat to Sheffield United, I would have been looking at it. I thought they'd get something. I thought they'd win and I thought they'd just keep that momentum going. And they were all over the place Sheffield United played really well. Yeah, and I think in that game we've seen the frailties. I mean, listen, Spades were very unlucky in the game cos of the goal I got this allowed.  And obviously they've beaten West Ham before that, I think, in the draw with Manchester United. See Arsenal go to Wolves on Saturday? Yeah, yeah, no, no, I know. You know, on Sheffield United, I think they go to Burnley. But saying that with Tottenham, Tottenham, I'd have an organ to win the United. There'd be West Ham, Harry Kane's back and you would have thought Sheffield United would have, with the way they'd been playing, but that just shows you the way it is at the moment. Or just shows you what the Premier League is like in general. So I think it's a double-edged sword, I think, because of that defeat. Menino, he hasn't got much time to get them back in and look at them. You don't really have a couple of days to really get them on the training pitch. You looked at the Sheffield United game and defensively, wide areas. Well, I think what it was, was the Sheffield United created gaps between the full-back wing backs and the centre backs. And that's where they got the joy. They stretched them and then they put the gut runners into those gaps. And that's where a couple of the goals came from. I think if Everton could do that. But I think that's the hardest thing for us at the moment, because of the lack of mobility we've got in that midfield. What we do have is midfielders who are playing at the moment that will go wide. But it needs the full-backs to take risks. And it'll be interesting to see how often we do that. Well, Spears finished the game at 67.8% possession nine attempts ago to Sheffield United 7. Sheffield United had five on target, Tottenham had two on target. So Spears a lot of possession without creating lots. But I think for Everton, definitely, I think we talked about this yesterday and said that there's an opportunity to maybe go three at the back and try to potentially try to match Spears up. Well, certainly put us an extra body in midfield for us, because I think just given what we have at the moment in midfield, the mobility isn't there. Spears played a 4-3-3-1 at Sheffield United, obviously, Sun and Lucas Mora, joining Kane up there and Beirwyn as well. So they've got the very attack in front four and then low calcium to Soco in the middle. And Calamantillot, he might look at that and go 4-4-2 is fine. 4-4-2 is fine with what we've got because we can try to match up the two in the middle. The power of Soco running with, he's not great, but he's a strong runner with the ball. Local shows a little bit. He's still in attack on the field play, but he's a bit cleverer. I was wondering if he'll maybe change it up anyway for our game because he didn't perform. So it'll be interesting, but Coleman and Dean will be important, I think, for Everton on Monday night. And then when you've got a front-shoot of the child, you've always got a chance of scoring. I think it's well defensively. Again, this was something another thing Sheffield United did. They really put a lot of players. Well, they have two players in front of the two centre backs, or three centre backs, and they really snuffed out what Tottenham wanted to do because of those players. They played very centrally. I think that's been, seeing how you've seen that in the Leicester game, the Liverpool game, was the ability to put players in there and just snuffed out the space. Obviously, we've faced Vardy. Liverpool would've faced Fominio and Marnay, and then we faced Vardy, and now we're facing Harry Kane. We scored a couple of goals in the three games he's played in. And it's all about just snuffing out the chances, stopping the ball getting through to him, because he scored a goal, he's had one dissalad against Sheffield United, which shouldn't have been dissalad. So he's obviously bang on four, and I think he's one of those kind of players who feels like I'll take all the responsibility as well. So I think it'd be massively important to snuff out as much as we can before a get-up to that. And I think, actually, in the games, we've done that quite well, but it hasn't really... We can't transition out of that. That's the only thing I worry about, is that once we get into that, we only seem to be playing that. We find it hard, then, to break. And I do think there'll be opportunities for us. And it's whether we keep the concentration of continuing to do that, because a low block, or we go, oh, we've got chances here. Cos that was the thing in the Liverpool game, was we were really disciplined. We didn't get caught in a game of, oh, we'll have a go at you, if you use it, letting us have a go. We stayed. Knowledge was a little bit different, because I think we were there to attack. And once we got the goal, it took the pressure off us a little bit to do that, cos obviously we won the low. And then the Leicester game was a bit above, cos it was like, well, we're twoing it up, but Dave can just score. Or even when we were twoing it up, it was like, do we go for more, or do we sit in our block? And I think that'll be the thing with this game. I do feel like that. It's going to be an interesting one this. Sof opponents, obviously, you know, they've lost just three of 27 Premier League home games against Devon. We've had 16 wins in eight rows. We haven't lost in 10 games against us at their place. We had three consecutive, the three defeats were three years on the run, and we beat them. And we haven't done it since. We've had 14 matches against Tottenham. It's just, since Stephen Piena's late header in 2012. These are the kind of things you see, that we've got to get rid of these records. You're not telling me them. I'm telling you because I'm saying we've got to get rid of them, haven't we? Unsurprisingly, this is Spears' joint longest unbeaten run against any Premier League team. We have all of these, we're great. Haven't looked into a win Premier League back-to-back away games the first time since 2016. It's all of this kind of stuff, you see. And we've lost 77 of the 155 Premier League games in London. Newcastle, only Newcastle have lost more. Do you think there'll be anything left over from the game in October, was it now? Because I know on the day there wasn't. I know on the day there wasn't. I wasn't any bad blood, even though. I still can't get me ahead of that. But there's not going to be any of our players targeting Sun-Adi or anything like that. I doubt it. I think if there's anything else, then he might end up in a bit of trouble in terms of taking a few challenges. But if it's just a normal game, I don't think so. But Gomez, I doubt it. No, he doesn't. Will Sun go near Gomez again? I doubt it. So I don't think so. It happened at the time. He got away with it and he should never have done it. It was a disgraceful decision. Disgraceful challenge. Disgraceful decision by the FA to overturn it because it was intent to it was intent to foul him regardless of whether... It's caused an effect to set it at the time. It's caused an effect. But I don't think Evan can afford to go out and let it go. I don't think we need to. But I don't think we need to. Football's not like that. Time's passed and we need to go out and concentrate on our job. I'll tell you where I think like we need it. But I think Millino is going to be ramping up for the referee after what happened the other day. I've got sympathy for what happened against Sheffield and I said it was nonsense. It falls over, the ball just ricochets off him. Falls to Kane, Kane finishes and it's hand ball. There's one in the city, they've pulled game as well which is exactly the same. It falls down. My house has got about 87 yards still to go and scores brilliantly. That rule, when it's applied like that is pathetic. It's going to change that rule. They don't know what they're doing and our referees don't need an excuse to be even worse because they're atrocious. They're like three's customer service. Absolutely atrocious. You've just been one of our potential sponsors there, don't you? Chelsea, they're all over Chelsea. No, no. Three's the magic number for Chelsea. For Chelsea. Yeah, that can see me in your... You'll have them fired up and you'll have them organised. You're right, we probably could have done with them getting the result yesterday. But you can worry about that as ever. We've got our own game plan. Like I said before, for me, these are the favourites. Just given the players they've got. Just because you've got the best. It looks like you've got the best side. It doesn't necessarily translate that way. I've seen a big thing today about Spare's saying there's unrest. They can't afford to sack Marino because he's on too much money. The players don't like him. There's a big list of things that are going wrong with Spare. Who knows? I just think that for this game, I think this is... We've played three so far. Liverpool, we weren't supposed to get anything out of it. We did. Norwich, we were supposed to. Leicester was a flip of a coin. This one's interesting because like I said before, to get your... We've really got to win this game. But we've certainly can't lose this game. If Spare's get the three points and then it opens up that gap, that'll be hard to close. I mean, it won't be wrong. It won't be impossible because they'll only be four points above us. But at this stage of the season, that's difficult. And that's where that sort of thing of is. That's where Carlos' tactics are going to be really, really interesting. How does he set us up? What's he trying to get? Will those tactics change during the game? Cos we've seen that. He is very flexible. How does he cope with them in field? How does he cope with runners? Because I think that's what Spare's a good at. Players picking up the ball deep and running. You've got Son. You've got Moray. You've got Kein. Kein likes going deep. Kein likes going deep and picking the ball up. So that's going to be, I think, our biggest worry. It's a new test for him. It really is. If we lose the game, it's not over. There's enough games left, I think, just about. And then you've got the thing with Man City and it could go to eight. But it's going to be very interesting. It's going to be a big test for us this one to see. It's the midfield for me. We've got defensively, we're good. And up front, I think, we're really good. And we've got players in wide areas who can affect games. But in the middle, worries me. Gomez, excellent footballer and all that. But it's alongside them. And maybe one player in a wide area that it was short of and this game will tell. Do you think, if Richard Ellison is any ill effect from the Nochegon, because straight after the game it's fine to say, he's alright. But the next day it could be swollen. If he can't train on it and then you've got a game and then you've got another game three days later. Do you think if he can't play, that he might look to just play one up front or do you think he would go, no, we're having Moish Keane? No, I think Moish Keane will play. I think I don't see why how he could change it. Will you just like the second half when it's first there? No, I don't because I just think the way they set up it's a flat back foot. I know they've had the three at the back and that's why I was saying we could match them up and go three at the back to try to get the full back in wide areas and I know we did it and close the game out against Leicester the other day really well. I just think you'd isolate them and then you're playing a game where you'd leave them one up front and you'd almost ask them for them just to have the ball all the time. I know sometimes 4-4-2 you can do that but if you've got two threats up front it's more difficult for them.  It was just because it will Moish Keane do that job does that put more pressure on Dom but Moish Keane doesn't come in a game like this and runs and does well for an hour and then doing well for an hour and then Anciolotti might look to flip the tactics then and then play. The challenge might just be fun. Listen everybody, Anciolotti did what they said he'd be fine for Sunday to impact the challenge. You're right he could flare up but I just don't know whether he's sacrificed another striker because I think it's a way. He could end up playing Gordon on the right Bernard on the left and Wobie through the middle number 10 almost and just have Dom so someone's breaking. I think he'd probably just go like for like because I think at some stage in his next six games Moish Keane's got to start one or two of them he's got to because you've got to have a look at him I know listening to him come on at Nord we've been ffuming with some of the stuff he was doing because he just didn't see him up to it but I think you've got to give the lad that fill up of having See I'd rather he didn't and the reason is is that I think we start seeing him in games when Europe's sort of out the window I don't see him playing in games We'll see about me but I mean there's still an opportunity to probably play the three of them in one or two games because I don't think anyone on the right hand side is nailed I know Walcott's back in training on Monday but he's let to be honest there's not going to make much difference when he's back in the side I would like to see the child or some wired writing and him up in a game or to maybe a good listen now rather than being away from one I just worried that he just doesn't offer enough I'll see one week to accommodate that's the thing isn't it Mancillote's first game in Boxing Day only Liverpool United and City have more points than us Trottenhambos, Josie Marino has never lost a home game against Evan once seven and drawn two he's only faced Manchester United more a home without a defeat Harry Kane and I'm not going to read that one and I'm not going to read that one Tom Davis could make his 100th Premier League appearance in this game at just 22 years six days on the day of the game he'd be the second youngest player to reach 100 Premier League games for Everton after Michael Ball in December 2000 at age 21 years and 68 days not bad for a championship player that people say and when Harry Kane and son combined for Spare's goal over the night it was the 20th time they combined for a Premier League goal only the 12th Premier League duo to do so so we know that them two but they're the pick of the two and even though son there was a little bit of well there was a lot of nastiness in the challenge he's still an excellent player he's someone who had a love for Everton that's what we've got to be very careful of we've got to be careful of sitting there going oh I've just been beaten by Sheffield tonight these will be looking to get back into it these will be looking to put Sheffield the Sheffield United game behind but listen Carlos far too long in the tooth to be thinking about that game he's thinking about this game and what I've noticed with Spare's despite me saying oh yet for me there's a fee I watch them against West Ham and that 0-0 West Ham had a couple of I mean they had a goal this allowed but they've had a couple of chances at 0 and that 1-0 even after Spare's had scored Bowen, Mississippi with a very very good striker in them and that to me is what they are I think you take Harry Kane out of the Spare's team I think they struggle and I know but I know there was a time when some was flying and like the last season we've seen there were times when they were flying and Harry Kane actually coming back into the side for the Champions League flying I might have destabled them but they're clearly not the same side like someone away and had to do national servers and all these kind of things and they're such a mad team now they're a team now on any day could just be absolutely amazing and then on another day they're like what they were so they're dangerous and you're right obviously Carlo has been around a lot of football for a number of years played massive games no seeing being there, done it, seen the road it's just like I've said a million times probably in the last few weeks it's our midfield if we had a more mobile midfield I'd have no fears going here in fact that'd be expect and evidence of win because I think the front two we have of course is everybody and everybody problems you look at the games that we've come back we've come back against Liverpool we were very much on the back foot but with the team that should have won the game we had all the chances but we should have put the game to bed at 1-0 and won the game we played less than the other night we could have been out of sight before they got a foothold in the game and possibly should have been and then obviously we had to defend really well so in each of the three games that we've come back we've had spells where we could have put games to bed and we've had to defend we've let one goal in the three games and it was the luckiest goal you'll see it's someone in the boat racing dropping over the line but these are a very dangerous strike partnership and with Lucas Morris well another good player but I think the one thing about the advantage I guess for us on Monday is that there's not going to be anyone in the stadium so it's good a team it's top number it's you're playing in an empty stadium where it's a game of football and if you keep to your game plan and you can use your front two well we've got a chance and we should take confidence in the fact that West Ham had chances against Spades United had chances against Spades and Sheffield United put them to the shoulder the knife from my area so that'll boost everything but it will be a very difficult game no doubt hopefully three points but at the very least hopefully just don't lose just the face protocol and we keep going to try and get that European place which would mean so much I think if we could get it this season for so many different reasons give this video a like and subscribe if you haven't already make sure to check out our Everton new kit hummel kit o'n veiling video make sure you check that out as well and if you want more great videos videos early live videos join us on Patreon the link is in the description thanks for watching see you later


Hi everyone, a big welcome or welcome back to my channel. So today, we are going to be taking it back old school. I'm going to be giving you five book recommendations in translated fiction. Free of charge. You can thank me later. So I am obsessed with translated fiction. I have been reading a lot of it over the past couple of years. There is such quality out there, such an exciting range being published, especially right now. Hopefully you will find something that appeals in today's selection. We have books from a range of cultures and countries and languages. We have the serious, the bizarre, the haunting, the beautiful. Please let me know if you've read any of these books and definitely give me your best translated fiction recommendations. I would love to add them to my list. So first up, we have Baldr by Eva Baltazar, translated by Julia Sanchez. Originally written in Catalan, this one tells the story of two married women who live in Reykjavik after meeting and falling in love on a merchant's ship. When one of the women at 40 years old decides that she wants to have a baby, her wife, nicknamed Baldr, finds herself dragged along on this journey that she ultimately finds to be alienating and thankless. I first read this book a couple of years ago and it has really stuck with me. Some of the most gorgeous, complex explorations of motherhood and freedom I have ever read. The character of Baldr in here and the raw insight we get into many different facets of her experiences is fascinating. This is unflinching and exact. It packs a massive punch. The prose and the translation is just stunning, filled with moments that you will want to go back and reread. This will stop you in your tracks. I honestly found it to be pretty much perfect. It's a little masterpiece. Next up, we have Minor Detail by Adania Shibley, translated by Elizabeth Jackett. This is a Palestinian novel told in two halves, one in the summer of 1949, one year after the forced occupation of Palestine by Israeli forces, and one in present day when a woman in Ramallah learns about a minor detail in history when a Palestinian woman was captured, raped, and murdered. This book is exquisite. It is incredibly intense and absorbing. I almost couldn't look away while I was reading. It is filled with such vivid imagery, really zooming in on these tiny details of this minor detail in history, building up the clearest and most transportive images of this time and place. The two halves in this book work really well together. The ultimate devastating parallels that are drawn between the two will take your breath away. As urgent now, as it always has been, I can't recommend this one more highly. Next up, we have A Whole Life by Robert C. Thala, translated by Charlotte Collins. This is a historical novel set in the mid-20th century, translated from German. It follows the life of a middle-aged man named Andreas, who lives in rural mountainous Austria and knows every peak and valley of the landscape he calls his home. This is a more backlist title than others on this list. I first read it years and years ago, Robert C. Thala actually being one of the first authors who really made me fall in love with translated fiction. This is so beautiful. It is a quiet, sublime examination of one's relationship with ancient landscapes, the value of solitude, the arrival of the modern world.  This book is genuinely good for the soul. It also has one of my favourite covers in my entire collection. Next up, we have Vladivostok Circus by Eliza Chouard-Dussepin, translated by Anissa Abbas-Higgins. This is a new French literary novel recently published by Daunt Books, set in Russia as winter approaches. It follows Natalie, a costume designer for a trio of acrobats who are performing the Russian Bar, a dangerous act in the Vladivostok Circus. This is an incredibly unique book. The prose is very simple and almost dreamlike, kind of like you're reading through some kind of veil. It provides a very immersive reading experience. I was so swept up in this. All I wanted to do was keep reading. The vides are gloomy and sort of magical and kind of jarring and disconcerting. This is very character focused. It explores themes of creativity and collaboration and belonging in very understated ways. This is beautiful and quiet and perfectly placed. I'd highly recommend it to anybody looking for something a bit different. And again, gorgeous, gorgeous cover. And my final recommendation for you today is Paradise by Fernando Melkor, translated by Sophie Hughes. Another Fitzcarraldo edition's book on a translated fiction list. It cannot be helped. This is a Mexican novel translated from Spanish by one of the best contemporary translators we have. It tells the story of two impoverished teenage boys working on a luxury housing complex.  The other dreams of quitting his gardening job and escaping his overbearing mother and narco-filled village. Each facing the seeming impossibility of getting what they deserve, the two boys hatch a desperate and gruesome plan. This is one of those books that I just know I'm never going to forget. It is seared into my brain. It explores the fragility of Mexican society through themes of classism, hyper-violence, racism and teenage hardship. Everything is so cleverly and compellingly handled. The writing is unlike anything I have ever experienced. A torrent of chilling, unrelenting prose, stream of consciousness style veering off in different directions, hurtling towards this insane end. Truly one of the most captivating and totally intoxicating reading experiences I have ever had. I need people to read this, I need people to experience it for themselves. It is something else. So there we go guys, those are five translated fiction recommendations from me to you. I'm actually kind of in awe of the insane literary quality in this video. Please let me know if you've read any of these books, what did you think of them, and of course let me know what translated fiction I need to read. I can't wait to hear. Thank you so much for watching everyone, I hope you're well and I will hopefully see you very soon in another video. Bye.


we are studying about prayer. One of the prayers that we've seen in earlier when we discussed kinds of prayers is intercession. We've touched on it briefly but we will look at it in greater depth today. Intercessory prayer is simply going to God on behalf of someone. Now the best example for us always is the Lord Jesus. We saw his prayer life, his personal prayer life and how he communed with the Father. When it comes to intercession, we see that even the Lord Jesus, currently he is in heaven, interceding for us, but even in his life if you're on earth, he has approached the Father on our behalf because ultimately what is intercession? It is about going to the Father or going to God on behalf of somebody. So on our behalf, Jesus has done many things. In Isaiah 53 verse 12, we read that he bore the sin of many and made intercession for the transgressors. So he bore the sins of many. If you look up the Hebrew word there for bore, which is NASA, it means he carried away or he lifted our burdens. And the word intercession from the Hebrew word is paga and it means to meet and we see that in Isaiah 53 and verse 6, again the word paga is used and which means has laid. So in other words, we are seeing that the Lord Jesus has carried our burdens, our wounds. We know he also carried so many other things for us. He took our stripes on him and he carried our pain, our sickness and whatever punishment we were due and he carried it to the Father. He met with the Father on our behalf. So that in itself is an act of intercession because at the end of the day intercession is to go to God on behalf of other human beings and that's exactly what Jesus did. He went to the cross of Calvary on behalf of us. So we see that the Lord Jesus has engaged in intercession in terms of his work on the cross. Now typically we think about intercession as prayer, saying the words to God which is correct but only in the case of Jesus in a practical way, in his actions he has done intercession on the cross for us because what did he do? He went to God on behalf of us and he carried our burdens for us on the cross. So the cross is a picture of the intercession of the Lord Jesus for the people. And one Timothy 2 and verse 5 we also read that the Lord Jesus has become our mediator. Mediator is a person who is a go-between or somebody who again interacts with the party in concern and another party in concern. So they do the talking, they do the negotiation, they bring peace or they bring a decision out of this interaction. So the go-between is the mediator, a reconciler or another word used for mediator is also intercessor. So what do we have between God and us the Lord Jesus? He became the mediator of the new covenant. So the example for intercession is there for us to learn from the life of Jesus himself. Now not that in what he did on the cross it's not like he prayed a long prayer and that's the intercession that we are referring to but his action itself of carrying our burdens was the intercession that he offered us. So what exactly did the Lord Jesus do for us on the cross in his intercession? So three things he noticed here. One is he carried our burdens. Burdens includes everything you know sin, sickness, sorrows, grief, whatever affects us in this in this fallen world he carried all those burdens for us. Then what else did he do? Second thing, he met with God on our vihar bringing God's mercy and forgiveness to us. So he did that work. Thirdly, he confronted and overthrew the works of darkness trying to think over them. So this is what Jesus did in his intercession. Oneness it has to do with us carrying our burdens. Second is meeting with God to receive what God has to offer. Third is to overcome the evil one and three things the Lord Jesus has done through his action of intercession on the cross. Now when we talk about being intercessors, we too can engage in these three things. Not by the action because the action that Lord Jesus has already done. He is the Son of God who was called to redeem us in that way but through our prayers we can also one carry the burdens of others or we can bear one another's burdens. We can pray for people and that's how intercession helps. Secondly, we go to God on behalf of the people and we said that Jesus brought us God's grace, God's mercy. So when we go and we start praying for people what happens? Same thing. Now God is able to release mercy. He's able to release grace. He's able to release his healing power and do many wonderful things in people's lives. So that is the second thing to go to God on behalf of the people. Third thing that we can do. We can also confront the powers of darkness on behalf of the people and overthrow the work of the enemy. So similar to the intercession that Jesus engaged in, we are engaging through our prayer. So the results are similar but yes Jesus' intercession is an action hanging on the cross but our intercession is through prayer. Through prayer we also see these things happen in people's lives. So right now where is the Lord Jesus? I began by saying that he is currently before the Heavenly Father and his role right now is that of our Heavenly High Priest. So he sits at the right hand of the Father and the Bible says that he is making intercession for us. So now he's engaged in a, if you can say so, praying for us but not that same intercession which he did on the cross because that action was already completed. But as a High Priest he is before the Father and he continues his work of intercession. There are some references given here in our notes and you could look it up. Maybe we can read one versus what I'm thinking. How about Hebrews 7 25? Can somebody please read that? Hebrews 7 25. Hebrews 7 25. Therefore he is able to save completely those who come to God through him because he always lives to intercede for them. Amen. Amen. Yes. So he lives to, he always lives to intercede for them. So the current role that the Lord Jesus has in heaven is that of intercession. Okay. So in the presence of the Father appearing on our behalf, you know, what is the Lord Jesus' function? We are told that he is an advocate. Okay. An advocate is somebody who pleads on behalf of another person. So as an advocate he is before the Father.  Then why should we intercede? You know, what do you think? Isn't that a valid question? Anyone any thoughts on that question? Pastor, is it because he is, you know, mediating because Satan is accusing the believers. So this is my understanding. So Jesus is, you know, advocating on my behalf. Yeah, that's what I understand. Okay. Okay. Sure. Thank you. So, see, again, the thing is, yes, he is an advocate, but when it comes to Satan accusing us, the Bible is very clear that we've already been justified. Okay. So through the work on the cross, there are things that the Lord Jesus has already accomplished, you know, with regard to our forgiveness, our position, Christ and all of that. Okay. But now, yes, he has an intercessory role up there in heaven. However, Jesus himself, you know, he said, I'm going to the Father, but now that I go to the Father, you ask in my name. Okay. So he instructed us to ask for what we want in the name of Jesus here on earth. So we have to continue interceding or, you know, engaging in prayers where we ask for ourselves as well as for others. So he never said that that is going to stop. So what exactly is praying for each one of us up there in heaven? No, that is a question. Okay. But it's no longer the justifying of the believer because he's already done that on the cross. But he is praying for us. He's praying for us up in heaven. But the conclusion that I want us to come to is that, yes, the Lord Jesus is interceding for us right now. But the intercession that he's engaged in doesn't stop us from interceding because we also have a role that we have to play here with Jesus himself has told us before he ascended and said, once I go to the Father, you ask in my name, you pray the Father in my name and he will do it for you. Ask and your joy will be full. So we do have a role of intercessory prayer, which we have to fulfill. All right. So I mean, does that make sense? Is that clear? Can you just repeat it? Okay, you did understand it fully? Yeah, yeah. Okay, all right. Okay, how about we read John chapter 16 and verse 26. Can you read it? Yeah, yeah, sure. John. John chapter 16 verse 26. In that day, you will ask in my name. And I do not say to you. In that day, you will ask in my name. And I do not say to you that I shall pray the Father for you for the Father himself loves you because you have loved me and have believed that I come forth from God. Is that the worst? Yes, that's the worst. And that clearly says that once Jesus is gone, we are the ones who have to ask the Father in the name of Jesus. And Jesus also said, I'm not saying that I'm going to ask the Father on behalf of you. So on the basis of this, just because the Lord Jesus is our intercessor in heaven right now, we don't seize from intercession. That's the point I'm making. Okay, yeah. So yes, he is interceding, but not doing our job for us. So we have a role to play and we are still here on the earth, expected to move in that role of intercessory intercessors. All right. Now, okay, let's, let's just take a look at how this was done by some people in the Bible. Now, Sukkannu has posted on the chat here that Abraham, when he interceded for Sodom and Gomorrah, you know, he went to God on behalf of the sinful people of Sodom and Gomorrah. Yeah, that's right, Sukkannu. So we see that even in the Old Testament, under the Old Covenant, there are people who pleaded on behalf of others. So Sodom and Gomorrah, we know God wanted to destroy those people, but because his nephew Lot was among them, Abraham discussed with God and said, okay, if there are so many righteous people, will you spare the land?  So basically, he was trying to negotiate with God and come to a place where minimum number of righteous people at least were found in that land. That way, the land would be spared and his nephew, his family, together with the land. But we know what exactly happened, right? That there were no righteous people in the land at all, and the land really had to be destroyed. But you see the role that Abraham is taking up here, we said an intercessor goes to God on behalf of the people. And that's exactly what Abraham was doing. So that is what intercession is. And that is the example for us to follow. Now Abraham also, in the case of Abimelech, you know, a king who was afflicted, right? That that king, Abimelech, he wanted to take away, you know, Abraham's wife. And because of that, God had actually like there were consequences for that thought that Abimelech had. But God told Abimelech, you know, you ask Abraham to pray for you. So Abraham functioned in the role of an intercessor. So he prayed for Abimelech to God. That's what an intercessor is. He's going to God on behalf of the people. So Abraham did that. And we see that, you know, God healed. It says God opened up the wounds of the women and the flock and all of that. So God actually did not punish Abimelech because of Abraham's prayer. So Abraham functioned in the role of an intercessor. Now, another intercessor that we can look at is Moses in the Bible. Now we know that the people of Israel who who've got delivered from Egypt, before going to the promised land, they went to the wilderness and excuse me, in that attitude, we find them as complainers, grumblers, you know, people who were not thankful to God. They did not live with faith. Okay. So because of all these reasons, God was very, very upset with the children of Israel. But in the Bible, there are times when Moses pleads with God and he says, God, you only brought these people out of Egypt. Now, because they are so, you know, their attitude is bad.  So what is Moses doing? Similar to Abraham, he's trying to speak to God on behalf of these people and say, God, you spare their life. Don't do anything to them, protect them. So he's behaving or he's acting like an intercessor. And in this case, he is a leader of the people. And what does the leader do? The leader is actually protecting the people from being destroyed. So God spared the lives of the people because of the intercession of Moses. And there are two scriptures given in our notes here, which, you know, say the same thing, but maybe we can read it. So Psalm 106, verses 21 and 23, and also Hosea 12 and verse 13 on page 44. Can somebody please read it from the notes? Ma'am, Psalms 106 verses. Yeah, 21 and 23. Psalms 106 verses 21, they forgot the God who saved them, who had done great things in Egypt, 23. So he said he would destroy them. Had not Moses, his chosen one, stood in the breach before him to keep his word from destroying them. Yes. Thank you. Thank you, Sidkinu. And can you read the verse below that also from Hosea? You're on mute, Sidkinu. Ma'am, actually I'm using my Bible. Ma'am, Hosea, which chapter? Oh, okay, okay, okay. Hosea 12, 13. Sorry to trouble you, I didn't know. 12 verses 13. The Lord used a prophet to bring Israel up from Egypt. By a prophet, he cared for him. Okay, thank you, Sidkinu. Thank you. So, you know, you see here how these two verses tell us that it was because of Moses that their lives were spared. What if Moses didn't pray? What if Abraham didn't pray? See, if they did not, if they had not prayed, I think, you know, like Abimelek or yeah, for Sodom and Gomorrah, it did get destroyed. But then at least Abraham attempted. All right. And in the case of Moses, because he pleaded with God, their lives were spent. And yesterday we saw that what, not yesterday, a few classes ago, that what Shamar preserved, right? The people of Israel were preserved, protected because of the leader rising up and praying. So, there was definitely a need for these men to intercede. And if they did not intercede, the people could have actually experienced the consequences. So, that is the importance of intercession. Let me quickly look at the chapter. I noticed some comments. So, we will look at that and then come back to our lesson. So, Zaltoly says, my understanding is it because God has given us free will and we should be praying and interceding, even if Jesus is interceding for us in heaven. Yeah. Yeah, that's fine Zaltoly. He has given us free will and we discussed how through prayer, we can exercise our authority, right? So, that's also something we are doing through prayer. So, that's all right. You're not wrong. And Isaac has commented. Naturally, if we have an advocate that needs to lead a case, we need to explain the particulars of our case to him. Okay. So, if Jesus needs to intercede for us, we need to present our case to him so he knows what we need. Okay. Isaac, yeah, that's an interesting way of looking at things. Okay. What I would say for that. Okay. So, what I'm thinking Isaac is, I see a point, but like Jesus told us to pray to the father in his name. Okay. So, I don't think we would need to tell him our needs every time. So, that's the point I want to make. Does it make sense? Isaac, you have something to say about that? Yeah. Yeah. And also just look at it from another angle because we stated here that he was sitting on the right hand of God and he is interceding for us. Basically, I'm not sitting here that we will send our intercession to Jesus because you rightly say we pray to the Lord. But I was just looking at the tactical side of things that if he's an advocate, he advocates generally for all of us. And sometimes if our case is particular, well, in the name of Jesus, we say this is our need. And then his intercession will continue on our behalf. That was just a broad thinking anyway. Thank you. Okay. Thank you. Thank you, Isaac. I got it. So, it's just a, as you said, a broad way of looking at things where you mentioned that. But yes, of course, right now the Lord Jesus is interceding up in heaven and we are interceding from earth. The only thing I want us to understand is that the connection between these two, I think we shouldn't try to make a connection because what's happening is we have our role to play, which is to pray to the Father and exercise our authority, release our dominion through prayer and we are going about doing those things. And at the same time, Jesus is doing his thing, being an advocate. Now, and we leave it at that. Okay, we leave it at that. But then, you know, as sometimes in prayer what happens, we know that we have to pray to the Father on behalf of Jesus, sorry, in the name of Jesus. But we may say things like, they are Jesus, if you might address Jesus in the prayer. But, you know, it's understood, it's understood that our prayers are going to the Father in the name of Jesus. So, we don't have to worry about it. But we are not really, like, if you look at it technically, I don't think we are, we must tell Jesus what to pray to the Father. Okay, otherwise, it becomes like how, you know, there is this concept of you tell the saint and the saint will tell to the Father. But now we have direct access. Whatever I want to tell the Father, Jesus has done his work on earth and I have been authorized. That is why that name of Jesus is the authority with which I can directly access the Father. I don't even have to go through, you know, that intercessory role that Jesus has up in heaven. I don't even have to do that. Directly, I can speak to the Father in the name of Jesus and that is the capacity that every believer has. Okay, and isn't that amazing that, okay, I have direct access to the Heavenly Father. Okay, am I making sense class? Is that okay? Okay, all right. Okay, great, great. So, we have, okay, wonderful, wonderful. Thank you. Yeah. Okay, thank you. So, I think that's good. So, we have that clear. The point is, we have to do our role of intercession and we can directly access the Father.  Remember, we said that carried their burdens, meet with God on behalf of the people and then overthrow the works of darkness on behalf of the people. So, we looked at Abraham, we looked at Moses and in the case of Job, you know, I think we touched upon this earlier. There is a passage where, you know, Job, he really hopes that somebody would plead on his behalf because he was going through such a difficult time. This is Job 9 versus 32 and 33. I will read it for us. It says, for he is not a man as I am, that I may answer him and that we should go to court together. Nor is there any mediator between us who may lay his hand on us both. So, there is a desire that Job has for a mediator or somebody in between. Okay. And he says in verse 20 and 21, my friends scorn me, my eyes pour out tears to God or that one might plead for a man with God as a man pleads for his neighbor. So, he's looking for a mediator, longing for a mediator, longing for someone to plead his case with God on his behalf. And even in the Old Testament, people played that role to go to God on behalf of other human beings. Okay. And God, now we saw a man desperate for a mediator, desperate for an intercessor. Now, is God also looking for any intercessors to bring, you know, people's needs and people's issues before him? Yes. As much as we want somebody to stand in the gap on our behalf and go to God, God is also waiting and seeing, wouldn't a human being come and plead the case of others with me? So, there are passages in the Bible where God is looking for an intercessor. Again, somebody please turn to Ezekiel 22 and verse 30. Ezekiel 22 and verse 30, please, whoever can, like if you have it easy, you can quickly turn to that passage. Ezekiel 22 versus 30. I looked for a man among them who would build up a wall and stand before me in the gap on behalf of the land. So I would not have to destroy it, but found none. Wow. Thank you. Thank you, Ezekiel. So you see that, you know, God is saying I'm looking for a person. I'm looking for one man to stand in the gap. So if there can be one person who mediates, even then in this case, it's, you know, some form of a judgment. God is saying that, yeah, I'll do away with it, even if one person pleads.   So praying on behalf of people, praying on behalf of the city, God also expects people to do that. So that's this whole intercession design is created by God. So why, how does it help for us to know? See, it helps for us to know, because we know that we are doing what God wants us to when we are praying for other people. Okay. And we can be confident that God is hearing our prayer. So God is also looking for intercessors. And especially in the Bible, we see that intercession can be made for those who are going away from God. Remember how Moses, he prays for the children of Israel. They are going in their own path, but he prays and says like, Lord, spare them, you know, have mercy on them and God relents. In the New Testament, I think yesterday, we spoke about this, remember in James chapter five, where we said that Elijah was a man just like us and yet he prayed that it should not rain, it did not rain. He prayed that it should rain and it rained. And we said that in the context of persistent prayer, we can pray for those who need healing. We can also pray for those who need mercy, those who are going astray from God. And you know, there is a place to persistently pray for such people. Okay. So that they can come back to God. So intercession can be made and intercession should be made, especially for those who are going away from God. What happens when we pray for such people? So God's grace and mercy is extended on their lives. They are protected. You know, God would guide them. God would show them the right path. All these things God would do for them. So we can stand in the gap and we can cover them with our prayer. So intercessors can pray, particularly for those who may be going astray. Now, talking a little more about intercession, you saw how Moses was praying for the people, isn't it? And we saw in Hosea 12 and verse 13 that the people that preserved because of a prophet and who is that prophet? It was Moses. God spared the lives of the people because of the leader. And from Moses's example, we can say that those of us that the Lord has called to leadership, those of us that the Lord is positioning in leadership. This is one of our primary roles. We can lead the people with wisdom and we can guide the people and all of that. But one of the first things that we can do for the people is to pray for them. Moses prayed for his people. And in the same way, every leadership, one of the primary tasks or primary roles of the leadership is to pray for the people of God. And that will protect the people. That will bring God's blessings upon the people. And so many things are done in the lives of the people when leaders actually pray for their flock or the people that they are leading. So when we talk about intercession, also remember that leadership must engage in intercession. When it comes to intercession, we may not necessarily know how to pray. Yes, if you know the needs of the person, you could bring that before the Lord. But in addition to that, we really need that spiritual empowering from God to continue in prayer. Where are we going to get this from? The Holy Spirit, He has a name. And that is the spirit of supplication. In Zechariah 1210, we are told that the Holy Spirit is the spirit of supplication, grace and supplication. So when I want to intercede for someone and I feel like, I don't have the capacity to do this. However, I'm going to intercede and persistent prayer for another person. We can always depend on the Holy Spirit and say, Holy Spirit, I need your strength. I need you to empower me. I need you to help me. So the Holy Spirit is the spirit of supplication who can help us. In Romans 8, you remember when we talked about praying in the Spirit? Over there, we saw how the Holy Spirit helps us. When we don't know what we have to pray for, He helps us. And we, along with the Holy Spirit, in fact, that what helped there, it is from a Greek word, which means to take hold against together. Something like, how do I say, take hold against together. Suppose you're fighting arm wrestling with somebody. I know it is not like a classroom setting where we could have done it and seen in person. But anyway, you understand arm wrestling, right? So when arm wrestling is happening, let's imagine that this hand is one person's and this hand is another person's. And one person is stronger than the other. So the stronger person is putting the weaker person down. But what if this weaker person, which is my right hand here, the weaker person gets an additional support of a stronger person, much, much stronger person in this game. What will happen? The strength of the so-called strong person will be nothing when the weaker person gets additional help, right? And the equation turns. So what is the Holy Spirit doing? He takes a hold of us against whatever the circumstance, against the enemy, against, you know, the adversary. So we have additional strength, which is being exercised, okay, which we can utilize. It is not our strength, but it is the power of the Holy Spirit. So he takes a hold of us against the enemy. And so he helps us. He brings in that additional help when we are interceding. And especially when we are interceding, we can depend on the Holy Spirit and say, Holy Spirit, you know, I don't know what to pray. You please help me. Or, you know, we may have our own weaknesses. But in those moments, we can say, okay, Holy Spirit, you help me to overcome these weaknesses.  So the Holy Spirit becomes our helper. He is that spirit of grace and supplication who empowers us. Okay. And he leads us in those intercessions for other people.  One more name of the Holy Spirit is Paracletos. Okay, Paracletos is and it's like somebody who comes alongside us. So whenever we think about intercession, no, we can be encouraged knowing that it's not something which God expects us to do in our own strength and in our own capacity. But we always have the help of the Holy Spirit with us. So we can work with that help. Yeah. So what makes up for successful intercession? So far, we saw that, you know, we can intercede and we can pray for others. It's important. People need it. And God also wants somebody to intercede. Leadership can intercede for others. Okay. But what makes up for successful intercession? All right. So what I'll do is I think I'll pause for a bit and address any doubt that we may have or who thinks some comments you have or questions. Let's deal with that. And then I can touch on this last section here. So far, we're talking about intercession. Anything that you want to clarify? Okay. Yes. Can you please go ahead? Ma'am, I was just admiring like in first Samuel chapter 25, the head David Nabal and Abigail. David sent some messages to Nabal just to greet him. But the Nabal, he just insulted David and David became very angry. So he went, he sent some men to just finish Nabal. But his wife came in between and she didn't told David or Nabal that she's going. She just left. No, she lost no time and she took 200 loaves and some stuff like that. And she went to David and she pleaded that please leave my husband.  Ma'am, this incident can be also considered as interceding. Yeah. Good one. Yes. That's the simple meaning, right? Like you go on behalf of somebody, to plead on behalf of somebody. Yeah, that's fine. Okay. Thank you, Ma'am. Yeah, sure. Thank you. Yes. Okay. Rosalind is asking, can intercession be also a call of God? Yes, Rosalind. It can be a call of God. Okay. So we will see later on about a person called Epiphras who served mainly with intercession. Okay. So intercession is, it's a call. It's a ministry. And some people can exclusively have that call of their lives. Yeah. Good questions, everyone. Good thoughts. Good questions. Yeah. Ma'am, I also have a question. Yes, yes, Divya. So how do we understand that God has called a person for intercession? What? Okay. Yeah. How do we discern that? Yeah. So similar to all other callings, Divya, one is God could just tell us that that you have been called for intercession. So, you know, you know it from the beginning. Or the second way is that as the Lord puts burdens on our hearts and we start praying, you start moving in that direction, you realize that that's the call for your life. Okay. So either your life experience clarifies some, that call for you over time or you hear from God, write it, get go. That is what you are called to do. Does it make sense? Yeah. Yes. Yes. Yeah. Sure. Sure. And Divya, did we discuss in our class? I don't know which class we had this thing. So usually when we talk about calling, you know, what happens is over time things become clear. Like for example, somebody is teaching God's word. Now they may start off in a small sort of a way sharing, you know, the word of God. But as opportunities increase and increase and revelation increases, you know, people might begin to notice, hey, we're looking at somebody who's teaching the word, you know, at another level here. So maybe that person is called to be a teacher of God's word. Okay. And that's when we say, oh, okay, here's a teacher. So in the same way, now somebody was praying, they may not know that I'm an intercessor, but they start praying, just pray, pray, pray, pray, pray, and then, you know, they realize, oh my goodness, God has given me such a burden, and this is a ministry. So much time that is getting invested in this. Now they may realize over a period of time that they're actually called for intercession as a ministry. Okay. Yeah. Thank you. Yeah. Sure. Sure. Thank you. Thank you. Yes. Yeah. Good ones. Any, anything else? Last question. But I think the worst we read regarding Moses in Sam's 106 plus 21, that really gives us a picture of how an intercession, how an intercessor is. Like just read that one portion that is chosen once stood before him in the breach to turn away his wrath. And the word breach itself gives us a, you know, a lot of importance to be an intercessor and so much value that God himself is giving for an intercessor. That's a lot of insight there. Thanks for sharing that. Yeah. Thank you. Thanks, John. Yeah. Sure. It's an important task. And God expects human beings to do that. Okay. And he's given an audience to us and saying, okay, come bring your case to me. So when God is giving us that invitation, I think it's a privilege. We can step in. Yeah. Good. So anything else? Don't worry about the last section here. I'll take it up in the next class. Anything else about intercession that you're thinking about? Elisha, anything on your mind about intercession? I'm not sure if Elisha is able to respond. But good. Okay. How about we think this through some more and we come back in the next class. We can discuss it a little more and then I will cover the last section here. But it's an important topic. It's an important topic. Let's, you know, take it up as a privilege to intercede for others. So with that, we can bring today's class to a close. And I would like to request someone to please pray. I'm just wondering, Lyndon, are you comfortable to pray? Are you okay to unmute and pray? Okay. I'm not sure if he's looking to do that. Okay. Anyone else? I think Anita, Anita, are you okay to pray? Yes. Thank you for this amazing present father. Thank you for each one of us, father. Thank you for asking us and speaking to us about the prayer and intercession, father. Thank you for this amazing session we had, father. Thank you for help us to apply this session into our lives, father. Help us to pray in intercession, father. Thank you for each one of us. Bless each one of us, father. We pray to you. We worship you and we glorify your holy name, father. In Jesus' name we pray. Amen. Amen. Thank you so much, Anita. God bless. Okay, class. Thank you for joining in today. And we will connect again next week. We will continue from the same chapter in the session. Hey, God bless. Have a great weekend. Bye for now.