Pimp, Pimp C. Kane to my beauty shop in Chicago. I didn't know Pimp. Kenny sent him over there. Pimp, he gave me a bag then, a bag of money. Really? And showed me so much love and said, hey man, thank you. Whatever you want, shoot my video, be in it, I want you there. Man to man, showed me so much love and the fur coat he got on the white one. Yeah, the white one. Come from church first. I made that coat from my company. You made that coat? I made that coat. We on boss talk one on one, one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk. Let me ask you this, man, cause I gotta get this out of you, man. I'm a Texas cat. Okay. And I'm a real stomp down on Texas stuff. And I seen you, you was over there at that play. I choose you, video, shoot. Stop playing, y'all boys, man. And that was Pimp C. That's my number one of all time. So Pimp C, you know, in me, like when it come to Texas music, that's where I'm at with mine. So tell me about when you and Valentino and Pimp and Ken and all y'all was sitting in there and done one. I won't know about that. Well, man, game recognized game. So that's why they put it together. Now Pimp, Pimp C came to my beauty shop in Chicago. I didn't know Pimp, Kenny sent him over there. Pimp, he gave me a bag then, a bag of money. Really? And showed me so much love and said, hey man, thank you. Whatever you want, just shoot my video, be in it, I want you there. Man, the man showed me so much love and the fur coat he got on the white one. Yeah, the white come from church first. I made that coat from my company. You made that coat? I made that coat. That was a $25,000. Okay, you can't just say that.  Man, you done messed me up now, man. If you might stop, boy, I'm a fan of him. He came, he came to my beauty shop. Real player, man. I didn't know him. My barber said, someone here to meet you. I said, I don't, ain't nobody looking for me cause I don't even come in the barber shop. I don't even come around. So I was so happy that day, he pulled up in a Lincoln, a black Lincoln, a car. Not no long limousine, but it was a black with tinted windows. He got out and came in with a lot of jewelry by himself. Said, hey man, it's how you doing, young man? Come on in, he came in. He said, do you know who I am? I said, no, I don't. He said, I'm Film C. I said, what? He said, man, you my mentor. And I did like folk, folk songs with them on his CD. Which song? Man, I think one of them is Lickie Palace. Really? One of them, what is that, it said I don't like, one of them is I don't like titties, titties, stank or something like that. He was tough, wasn't he? Yeah, he was tough and I've been trying to get with him if I can get paid. Let me know about this jacket though. How did he end up, did he pick it? Are you picked it for him or how was it? No, he wanted to be top in the game.  So I gave him big boy prices and brung him in. At the player ball, he said, man, we'll do ours and we'll shoot the video. So when he's seen us come in and Kenny, Kenny was sharp in this game too. He came under Bishop. Kenny Aviv, he came in. PMC came in under Kenny. So at the time, he said, man, I wanted to give my meal fur coat to the floor. I said, what, let's do it. We made it up. I think we made one for his mother too.  My mama was. Yeah. You know, I think his son, we made a couple coats for his son. We made a few coats. He spent a bankroll with us. Wow. Man, how did you, okay, how did you think it looked when y'all did, after seeing that video? How did that look to you once you've seen how it turns out? It was beautiful. You can pull it up now. The coat is beautiful. He had all the top flight female skins, man. He spent a bankroll on that coat. You know, so, man, we gave him love and we gave him support, man. And he just, he couldn't stay out of Chicago. You know, he came all the time, unexpected. So I came out the house to kick it with him. He just felt so comfortable around me, man. Showed love. And I, I hate he gone on, be with the Lord, but he did show some love. Wow. Yeah, we on boss talk, one on one, one on one. Yeah, we gon' talk.


Latest on Fakil Mbalula's case against Somaizi who announced lockdown before President Ramaphosa Transport Minister Fakil Mbalula opened a case against Somaizi might Longo at the Santon Police Station for allegedly breaching disaster management regulations related to information dissemination and misinformation. Hours before President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that S.A.'s coronavirus lockdown would be extended until the end of April, might Longo had asserted in an Instagram video that Mbalula had given him a heads up about the extension. Might Longo subsequently apologized to Mbalula for his joke, saying, I'm just like you, I did not know about it. I was just guessing. I have noted Mr. Might Longo's apology however I do not view his utterances as a mere joke, the country is going through a serious disaster management period and any misinformation. Irregular or unauthorized information being published is both unlawful and not assisting in our cause to manage public affairs carefully, Minister Mbalula said. Even though Mr. Might Longo guessed it right in his speculative discussion, he went further to mislead the public about the source of his information which undermines and is preemptive on government and the president over very sensitive information of a national security caliber of which I am very sensitive to and have adhered to in all my time in the executive. As I did not discuss the lockdown timeline or extension plans with Mr. Might Longo at all whatsoever and to this end, my conscience is clear and prepared to attest to this under oath, having served in multiple cabinets, Mbalula added. Mr. Might Longo acted very recklessly and irresponsibly. Name dropping has caused enough harm in our discourse before and we must now nib it in the bud. Dainio Ranica is expected to be a state witness and was subpoenaed by the National Prosecuting Authority to answer questions in relation to the case of misinformation or spreading of fake news opened by Mbalula at Santan Police Station last year. The startling news that Ranica had given a differing view from that of Might Longo was revealed by a law agent who did not want to be named because they were not allowed to speak to the media. The source said the matter started when Might Longo, in his preparation for the trial, made representations through his lawyers in which he said that he was only joking when he said Mbalula informed him that Ramaphosa was going to put the country on alert level 2 of lockdown. The mole, who is close to the case, said Ranica has in the statement sent to the prosecutors contradicted Might Longo's version of events. She said, added the agent, Might Longo did not indicate immediately that he was joking when he made the announcement. Ranica, according to The Deep Throat, told prosecutors that she was chatting to her fans on Instagram Live when Might Longo chimed in uninvited and made the announcement. She said Might Longo only announced later that his remarks about Mbalula and the lockdown were a bad joke and later apologized to the politician. That is the problem because he only said he was joking later. So, Dainio couldn't lie under oath because she could be charged with perjury. She had to tell the truth, said the agent. However, the apology was not enough for Mbalula, who retaliated by opening a case against him. So, Maize handed himself at the Santon Police Station in April last year and was later released on our 1000 bail. He is expected back in court soon. The source said the hearing is likely to be delayed as Ranica's and Might Longo's lawyers were raising questions about the legalities of hearing the case at the Randberg Magistrates Court. First, they argued that Mbalula was not supposed to have been to open the case Santon Police Station the offense happened in Auckland Park, where Metro FM or SABC studios are located. They said the case was supposed to have been opened at Brixton Police Station or Johannesburg Central Police Station. They also said the Randberg Magistrates Court does not have jurisdiction to hear this case and they want it to be heard in the Johannesburg Magistrates Court. So, this might actually derail the trial or the hearing as they want to push that the matter does not belong there and should be transferred to Jobert Magistrates Court, said the source. National Prosecuting Authority South Gotang spokesperson Fendi Min and Wayne couldn't confirm or deny that Ranica has contradicted Somize's version of events, but said the prosecutors have subpoenaed her to answer certain questions. She said Ranica has been instructed to answer the prosecutor's questions by end of business tomorrow. Ranica declined to comment and said the matter is sub-uticae. Mbalula too, declined to comment, while Somize ignored our phone calls and messages. She couldn't lie under oath because she could be charged with perjury.


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar Iyer's Academy for the date 12th of July 2019. Displayed are the list of news articles taken up for today's discussion from four different editions. Let us now start our discussion. First, let us see an editorial which is about the recent debate on electoral reforms that was held in the Rajya Shabab. Know that the author of this editorial, Mr. S. Y. Khureshi is a former chief election commissioner. During the general elections in the months of April and May this year, we had seen many editorials that were written by this author regarding the election-related issues in India. Today, the author has appreciated the need for electoral reforms that was debated by the members of parliament, especially in the Rajya Shabab from the opposition parties during a short duration discussion which was held on 3rd of July. The syllabus for this editorial is displayed here. Let us now see the editorial. Now this debate was initiated in Rajya Shabab by the MP from Trinamul Congress Party of West Bengal and it was backed by almost 14 opposition parties. The author of this editorial has appreciated the fact that political parties who are divided by different ideologies are debating on how to make elections a free, fair and a more representative one. The author tells that the member of parliament from Trinamul Congress Party had touched on six major themes during his debate in the Rajya Shabab. First is the appointment system for chief election commissioner and other election commissioners. Next theme is on money power and the next theme is on electronic voting machines in short EVMs. Then the next theme was on the idea of simultaneous elections. Then the debate was also on the role of social media. Here the member of parliament as mentioned social media as cheat India platforms and finally the debate was on the use of government data and surrogate advertisements to target certain sections of voters. Here know that surrogate advertising means an indirect form of advertising like bragging or the government is praising itself in the advertisements.  So the government advertisements give a chance to the ruling political party to advertise its achievements during its rule. So this is called as surrogate advertisements. Now let us see the first four themes one by one which were put forward by the TMC member of parliament. Now the first theme was on the issue of appointments of election commissioners including the chief election commissioner. Now as per article 324 of Indian constitution the president appoints chief election commissioner and other election commissioners. Basically if the president is appointing it is as per the recommendations that are made by the prime minister and his council of ministers. So we can say that there is a role of executive in appointing the chief election commissioner. So there are three forms of government we know one is the executive the other is judiciary and the third one is the legislature. Here the role of executive is overpowering or dominating in appointing the chief election commissioner. So we can see that there is a clear influence of the executive in the appointment matters of chief election commissioner and also the other commissioners. Also know that as per the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners conditions of service act 1991 the tenure of the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners is fixed at 6 years or up to the age of 65 years whichever is earlier. And the chief election commissioner or the other election commissioners are expected to be party neutral because first and the foremost requirement is to be politically neutral that is they should not be aligned with any political parties during any of the election process. So the Tsunamul Congress Member of Parliament has debated on this issue. During the debate the Member of Parliament has also quoted Dr. Bir Ambedkar statement which was made by him at the constituent assembly. Now the Member of Parliament's views of having a politically neutral chief election commissioner and other election commissioners was also supported by other political parties in the parliament debate. All the opposition parties have demanded a collegium system of appointment that is to discuss and appoint the chief election commissioner and other election commissioners instead of the executive taking one sided decisions in its favor. The second theme was on the influence of money power in the elections. Now many opposition parties have given their suggestions during this debate. Let us see some important ones which has been mentioned by the author in this editorial. Now you can use them in any of your main answers concerning money power in elections. One of the Member of Parliament from the Congress party has debated about electoral bonds. He has told that this concept of electoral bond itself an absurd one. Instead he has proposed state funding that is the government should authorize to fund the political parties based on two things either by setting up a national electoral fund or based on the number of votes that are obtained by the respective political party. This Member of Parliament has also proposed crowdfunding in the form of small donations. Here the term crowdfunding means raising money from a large number of people by getting small amounts of money from each and every one so that a decent amount of money is collected at the end and with this money as one form of source the election expenses can be managed. Also the Member of Parliament has told that the current expenditure cap on candidates is unrealistic. If you see the election commission has put expenditure limit on candidates it is around 50 to 70 lakh for each candidate who is contesting in Lok Sabha elections and rupees 20 to 28 lakh for a candidate who is contesting in state assembly elections. According to this a Member of Parliament from the Congress party such small amounts would lead to illegal spending in elections. Hence the expenditure limits should either be raised or the expenditure limit should be removed completely in order to encourage transparency in this election process. Then if you see the Communist party has supported the idea of banning corporate donations for the elections. The third theme which was discussed in the debate was on the electronic voting machines. Many opposition parties have suggested that the old system of using ballot papers in the elections should be reintroduced but a few of the opposition parties have shown their support to these electronic voting machines during the debate. Especially if you see the ruling party from the state of Odisha the Biju Janathadal party has told that the electronic voting machines have reduced election related violence especially in the states like Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. So they are supporting electronic voting machines. Now this party has also commented that in order to gain public faith in this voter verified paper audit trials at least five VVPAT machines should be countered right in the beginning of the counting process instead of using it as a verifying tool. Next the Bahujan Samaj party has added that the postal ballot should be scanned before counting in order to increase the transparency. So these are some of the debates that happened on this topic. Now the next theme was on the simultaneous elections. We know that the prime minister has pushed for simultaneous elections soon after he was elected for the second term. The ruling party has told in Rajya Sabha that prime minister's request should be understood as a call for minimum cycle of elections rather than thinking about one nation one election because very recently we are seeing in news this term one nation one election. The ruling party has said that just see it as a call for minimum cycle of elections. So when there is a minimum cycle of elections they have put forward some positive points like there will be some lesser expenditures made towards the election process. Also the governance would be increased then there will not be any electoral fatigue that is the electors will not get tired of voting in elections in short intervals. To this stand by the ruling party or the comments that have been made by the ruling party various points were raised by the opposition parties. So you can use them in your main sense is for the negative side of having simultaneous elections in India. The Chernobyl congress party has said that constitutional experts should be consulted regarding having simultaneous elections in India and next the government must publish a white paper for more discussion on this matter of simultaneous elections. Now know that white paper means a government report which gives information or proposals on a particular issue. So here the issue is simultaneous elections. So the Chernobyl congress parties requesting the government to issue a white paper on simultaneous elections. Next if you see the communist party of India said that simultaneous elections are unconstitutional and unrealistic. One of the parties member of parliament has said that the accountability should hold precedence over stability. It just means that accountability is first then a particular process can be stabilized. So preference to accountability because conducting elections is not like handling a business the entire machinery is accountable to people to conduct free, fair and representative elections. So the accountability should hold precedence over stability. So now we have seen the four major themes that were put forward by this Chernobyl congress member of parliament. Apart from these four major themes some other issues related to these electoral reforms were also debated in Rajya Sabha. First one is regarding the internal democracy within political parties. Here the internal democracy is nothing but democracy within a political party. You can tell it like the levels and methods of including party members in the decision making process within a political party. So the Biju Janadadal party from Odisha suggested that an independent regulator should be set up to supervise and ensure inner party democracy of all the political parties in India. Then reforms regarding the representation in the elections were also discussed. Right now we have the first pasty post system. In this system all the electors cast their votes to only one candidate of their choice and the candidate who secures the largest number of votes or the most number of votes wins that particular election. Now a few opposition parties have debated that this type of system is not representational. If you see the Dravidha Munnetra Karagam party from the state of Tamil Nadu as a given the example of Bahujan Samaj party's performance in the 2014 Lok Sabha elections. Because in that particular 2014 Lok Sabha elections BSP or the Bahujan Samaj party got a vote share of nearly 20% in Uttar Pradesh state but it did not even win even a single seat. So the 20% of the votes which were cast by the voters went meaningless and the party was not able to represent the people in the parliament to whom they voted. So to improve the representativeness of elections parties like DMK the communist party have put forward the demand of having proportional representation system in the elections. Now in this system seats are allocated to the political parties based on the share of the votes it receives during the elections. So this method is somewhat representational. Then some other member of parliament also argued for a mixed system where there is a provision for both these first pass the post election system and then the proportional representation system. Next the YSR Congress party from the state of Andhra Pradesh has raised the issue of fidelity of electoral rules that is the precision or the accuracy of the electoral rules. Few parties like Bahujan Samaj party and Samaj Vadi party have raised the idea of having a common electoral role for all the three tiers of democracy that is for the Lok Sabha elections at the central level, state assembly elections at the state level and also at the local body elections at the local level. Then one of the member of parliament from the Samaj Vadi party has spoken about the impact of ruling party advantage in elections. So now we will see about this ruling party advantage. He has proposed that all member of parliaments and member of legislative assemblies should resign six months before the elections and a national government should be formed at the central level and for the state level states should be ruled by the governor and the governor would have to follow the binding advice of a three-member high court advisory board. So this is just a suggestion given by this MP. So try to have an idea of what the member of parliaments are telling so that you can use the more relevant points in your main answers on electoral reforms. Apart from all the themes debated by the member of parliaments of both the ruling and the opposition parties, the author of this editorial has also given some suggestions for electoral reforms because we saw that he was the ex-chief election commissioner of India. He has told that he has been advocating or in support of these reforms since a very long time. Some of the reforms which he has told in this editorial are overlapping with what we saw now. So just let us focus only the reforms that have not been discussed till now. First the author has mentioned about reducing the number of faces in elections. Now this can be made possible by raising more security forces. Also the election expenditures would be decreased that is the spending for elections would be decreased considerably if the elections are carried out in less faces or even in a single face. Next the author has mentioned about giving powers to the election commission of India to deregister the political parties. The author finally ends this editorial by telling that whichever government is in power they have to carry out electoral reforms but they should have long-term national interests in mind instead of thinking about immediate electoral gains. The author hopes that the parliament will act on electoral reforms so that India which is the world's largest democracy becomes the world's greatest democracy. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this editorial. Have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the largest recorded manhurs in the state of Kerala. Now the syllabus for this news article is displayed here. Team of historians have identified new manhurs on Potomala Hills on Kerala-Tamarnadu border. The exact place is in Udumanchola, Taluk in Iduki district of Kerala. It has been said that the newly sighted manhurs are the largest ever recorded manhurs in the state of Kerala. When we say manhurs we refer to single long stones which are placed upright in an upright position. In other words an upright long monumental stone like as we can see in this image. The recent identification of these manhurs inferred that there could have been a major prehistoric necropolis in the places where these manhurs were found. When we say prehistoric it refers to the time before written records were found. For India it is almost before some 2500 BC because the old NCRT textbook on ancient India says that the ancient Indians knew writing as early as 2500 BC.  In our context necropolis means a large symmetry of an ancient city. To be clear they are expecting that there could be an existence of a structured graveyard of a prehistoric civilization. This is because the manhurs were planted in a specific geometrical pattern on a cluster of hills and most of these structures were oriented in the east-west direction. The news article states that the site is an yet to be explored megalithic site. Now what is this megalithic site mean? Mega means large, lithic means stone. Therefore by megalithic site in this context it means a prehistoric site where there are large stone structures. So this could throw some light into the building activities of the past and also the way of life that was there in the past. See if archaeological survey of India takes effort to excavate this site it may find several implements and material remains that were used in the prehistoric times. Thus we can understand the way of life of the people of the past. Therefore the news article tells that these megalithic stone structures which were found at Potamalla Hills will help us find an unexplored facet of a civilization which was present in these areas before 3000 years. The historians have requested the archaeological survey of India and the archaeology department to conduct a full-scale excavation and detailed study of this megalithic site without delay. The article also says that megalithic sites were already identified in different parts of Iduki district and also in the Udumman Chola Thaluk where they have now found out the largest manners of the state which is around 20 feet tall and 6 feet wide with a thickness of around 5 feet. We already saw that this Udumman Chola Thaluk is located in the Iduki district of Kerala. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Now this news article is regarding Hayabusa 2 spacecraft. The syllabus is mentioned here for your reference. Now this Hayabusa 2 spacecraft has been launched by Japan. The news is that Hayabusa 2 probe made a perfect touchdown on a distant asteroid yesterday. Then it collected samples from beneath the surface of the asteroid barret lander. By analyzing the samples the scientists will be able to know the history of the solar system that we are living in. The news article tells that worldwide no country has ever collected a sample of subsurface material apart from the moon. Here subsurface means below the surface. So Japan has created history now by becoming the first nation to collect a subsurface material from a celestial body apart from the moon. If you see this mission is to explore an asteroid called Ryugu. So let us see this Hayabusa 2 mission now. Hayabusa 2 is mission of Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency in short it is called as JAXA similar to NASA of USA. It has been launched from the earth on December of 2014 basically to survey the near earth asteroid Ryugu and collect a surface sample from this asteroid. We saw that this Ryugu is a near earth asteroid which is located some 300 million kilometers away from earth. Now this Hayabusa 2 spacecraft which was launched in the year 2014 arrived this asteroid by June 2018. So it has almost taken some three and a half years for the spacecraft to reach this asteroid. The Hayabusa 2 spacecraft has four deployable surface landers which means the instruments that will land on the surface of the asteroid. Also the spacecraft contains some explosive devices basically to create a crater on the asteroid.  So by creating this crater the spacecraft will be able to collect the subsurface samples. After creating the crater the rover will touch down that is land on the crater and then collect the samples. If you see already Hayabusa 2 has successfully completed its first touchdown that is landing and sample collection on 22nd February 2019. Again on 5th of April 2019 the spacecraft used explosives to create an artificial crater and now again the rover has touched down and collected the second sample. So this happened yesterday. This is the news which we are seeing now. This Hayabusa 2 spacecraft is expected to return to earth by the year 2021. Then this Hayabusa 2 is the successor to JAXA's first asteroid explorer Hayabusa. So Hayabusa in Japanese means falcon. So falcon is basically a bird. This Hayabusa mission returned with dust samples from a smaller potato shaped asteroid in the year 2010. It was launched in the year 2003. It came back in the year 2010. Now when you are studying about Hayabusa 2 also try to know about some other significant asteroid missions by different space agencies of the world. The first significant asteroid mission is the near Shoemaker asteroid mission. It was launched by NASA of United States in the year 1996. So this spacecraft carried out the first long-term study of an asteroid at close quarters. It explored the mass, structure, geology, composition and gravity of the nearby asteroid named as Eros. Next is the Hayabusa mission which we have already seen. It was launched in the year 2003 and it returned earth in the year 2010 and it was launched by Japanese Space Exploration Agency JAXA. Next we have the Dawn mission. This Dawn mission was launched in the year 2007 and it aimed to explore two rocky bodies which were Vesta and Ceres. So from 2011 to 2012 Dawn was an orbit around the Vesta rocky body. Then its second target was Ceres and in the year 2018 this Dawn spacecraft was retired in this Ceres rocky formation. And finally we have the O-Series REX mission. This was launched by NASA in the year 2016 and it is expected to study the orbital characteristics and surface features of the asteroid named Bennu. So this is a mission of NASA by the United States. So these are some of the significant asteroid missions apart from Hayabusa 2 which have been carried out by different space agencies across the world. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the Commonwealth Nations and the request of India to re-admit Maldives as a member country in Commonwealth Nations. The syllabus is displayed here for your reference. Between 9th and 11th July of 2019 the 19th Commonwealth Foreign Affairs Ministers meeting took place in London United Kingdom. During this meeting our Indian External Affairs Minister has asked the Commonwealth to fast track the process of re-admission of Maldives into this Commonwealth Nations. If you see the Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth during the tenure of its President Abdullah Yameen in the year 2016. Maldives withdrew from the forum after Commonwealth expressed serious concerns about the declining human rights situation in the country. Maldives at that time was criticized by the Commonwealth because of various factors. If you see the then government in Maldives brought a law restricting the freedom of speech and expression where many opposition political leaders were arrested. Even one of the former presidents was arrested. Then Maldives introduced death penalty, reintroduced death penalty after an unofficial moratorium for over 60 years and it took many such measures. So all these were seen as anti-democratic measures and the Commonwealth warned Maldives that it may suspend the membership of Maldives from the Commonwealth Nations. While withdrawing the membership from the Commonwealth the Maldives accused the Commonwealth of interfering into the internal affairs of the country. At present if you see there are 53 countries in this association so they are 53 member countries. The last country to join the Commonwealth was Rwanda in the year 2009. The association by the name The Commonwealth came into being in the year 1949. Earlier it was called as a British Commonwealth of Nations. Now British Commonwealth of Nations had the countries that are directly or indirectly ruled by Britain as its members. Some of the countries became self-governing while retaining Britain's monarch as head of the state. But in the year 1949 the Commonwealth came into being. Since then the independent countries from five regions that is from Africa, from the Caribbean in the Americas, then from Asia, Europe and then from the Pacific have joined the Commonwealth. Though majority of the members of Commonwealth are the former colonies of Britain the membership today is based on free and equal voluntary cooperation. If you see the last two countries that have joined the Commonwealth that is Rwanda and Mozambique they have no historical ties to the British Empire but they joined the Commonwealth. Mozambique joined in the year 1995 and we have seen already that Rwanda has joined in the year 2009. Then apart from this Zimbabwe, Vidru is membership from the Commonwealth in the year 2003. Then Gambia which is a country in the western part of African continent has left the Commonwealth in the year 2013. However it again joined which means it rejoined in the year 2018. Now India and other countries are expecting a similar rejoining of Maldives also in the Commonwealth. Now this association consists of both advanced economies and the developing countries. Majority of the members in the association are small states including many island nations and if you see the year 2019 is the 70th anniversary of this association of Commonwealth countries. In India we have the headquarters of Commonwealth Human Rights initiative in New Delhi. It is the premier body that promotes human rights in member countries of the Commonwealth. Now know that Maldives was the first choice for the foreign visit for a re-elected prime minister. After the swearing in ceremony our Indian prime minister visited Maldives in the month of June 2019 that is the previous month. We have analyzed those news articles as a part of our India's neighborhood first policy at that time so just have a look at it. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. Next let us see an editorial which is about the present unemployment scenario of India and also regarding the jobless growth. Now the syllabus for this editorial is displayed here. Let us see the editorial now. The authors have analyzed the findings of the periodic labour force survey 2017-18 which was released recently. This editorial has a lot of statistics if you see with which the authors have tried to substantiate the facts. They have told that the two biggest issues which they see on analyzing this particular survey is that the share of the labour forces shrinking and the unemployment levels are rising. First the authors have compared the labour force participation rate of the present survey nothing but the periodic labour force survey of 2017-18 with the national sample survey 68th round which was released in the year 2012. Here know that labour force participation rate means percentage of those persons who are above 15 years of age who are either working or who are seeking work. Now the formula for calculating this labour force participation rate is the number of employed persons plus number of unemployed persons divided by the total population into 100 so it is expressed in percentage. In the year 2012 that particular survey the labour force participation rate was 55.5 percentage but this has reduced to 49.7 percentage in this 2017-18 survey. Also if you seen terms of absolute number of workers the number of workers recorded in the 2012 survey was 467.7 million which is roughly around 46.8 crores but it has reduced to 461.5 million which is 46.2 crores in 2017-18 survey. So we can see that in this six years time frame the labour force participation or the employment levels have only decreased. Next the authors tell that recent attempts were made by some people to create an impression that self employment has not been captured under this national sample survey. The authors tell that it is absolutely false since the definition of employment includes both self employment as well as wage employment. Self employment can be businesses or working in homes whereas wage employment is you are working in some company and you get some wages for the work that you have done. And if you see within this category of self employment the survey also counts those who are engaged in unpaid family labour. Now these unpaid family labour means they are not compensated for the work that they do within the family or in the home. Next the authors have compared the overall unemployment rate of 2017-18 periodic labour force survey with this 2012 national sample survey 68th around. The formula for calculating unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons divided by the number of employed plus unemployed persons into 100. So this is also expressed in percentage. The overall unemployment rate as per this 2017-18 periodic labour force survey was 6.1 percentage. Now the authors tell that this value is 2.77 times more than that of the 2012 survey results. Next the authors tell that there are two different dimensions that needs to be seen with the rise in the overall unemployment levels. The first dimension is the locational dimension. The second dimension is the gender dimension. Here location means the place where the people reside. We can generally categorize into urban and rural areas and gender wise dimension means it is just men and women. When we include both the dimensions that is the location and the gender we have four classifications 2 into 2, 4. First one is the urban women. Next is the urban men. Then rural men and then rural women. The highest unemployment rate was seen among the urban women which was at 10.8 percentage. Then the next highest was seen among the urban men which was at 7.1 percentage. Then it was followed by rural men where the unemployment rate was 5.8 percentage and finally the rural women whose unemployment rate was 3.8 percentage. When this location factor is excluded that is when the urban and the rural areas are excluded we have only the gender dimension which is nothing but male and female. The authors tell that the unemployment rates were higher in men at 6.2 percentage and women had unemployment rates of 5.7 percentage. Next the authors have discussed some aspects of unemployment rates that are present in the women population. So the focus is now on women. They tell that women face double whammy. Here whammy means two problems that are of serious nature which are affecting them. So whammy just refers to problems. First is the exclusion of women population from the labour force which means the men are preferred more than women for most of the jobs. Next women are not able to access employment that is to get jobs even when they are included in the labour force which means once they become eligible to work. They tell that women's labour force participation has decreased from 31 percentage to 24 percentage in the present survey. This means that India is among the countries with the lowest participation of women in the labour force. Next the authors have linked the education aspect with unemployment. They call this as an issue of educated unemployment. So they tell that the unemployment levels keep increasing as the education level also keep increasing. So higher the education, higher is the chance of unemployment. The authors have given some reasons why the educated persons are mostly unemployed. It's because they specialize in a particular subject area as they move on to higher education. So they keep waiting for that specialized or specific jobs related to the education that they have been qualified in. Hence the author tells that they keep waiting for jobs till they get the perfect job. They also tell that this section of population are also not likely to be poor that is economically deprived. So this is just an suggestion which is given by these authors or what they think it is not a fact. The authors tell that India's inability to provide jobs for this section of population is an economic loss to the government and for those unemployed persons it is a demoralizing experience because they keep waiting and waiting for the jobs but they have completed their education even then they keep waiting for the jobs. Next the authors have discussed the location and the gender dimension for the students who have completed their higher education. So we saw what is meant by location dimension and gender dimension. They tell that the unemployment rates are highest among urban women which is at 19.8 percentage followed by rural women with 17.3 percentage then rural men have an unemployment rate of 10.5 percentage and urban men have an unemployment rate of 9.2 percentage. So we can see that even among the educated population women face a more unfavorable situation than men. Next the authors have discussed the unemployment rates among the youth. Education is a different aspect. Youth is a different aspect. When you speak about youth it means the age group. Here the age group that has been considered for the survey is 15 to 29 years. The unemployment rate for overall youth is 17.8 percentage then they have compared gender wise unemployment in the urban areas only. In this editorial they have just mentioned the gender wise unemployment for urban areas. The unemployment rate for urban women if you see was 27.2 percentage whereas for urban men it was 18.7 percentage. So we can see that women are more disadvantaged than men here as well. Now you can use all these statistics which show that women are more disadvantaged in any of your main answers related to women and women development. So based on all the data that we saw the authors tell that there is a trend of jobless growth. They tell that till recently it was confined only within the organized sector but now it has spread to other sectors of the economy as well. So we can see a generalized pattern across India. The authors suggest that a thorough re-examination of the missing linkages between growth and employment is required. Now try to use the facts given in this editorial in your main answers related to unemployment issues also along with the issues related to women and women development. Then you can also present the gender and location dimensions in your main answer. With this we come to the end of the analysis of this editorial. Let us move on to the practice question discussion. The first question is which of the following best describes the term men here sometimes seen in the news and they have given four options. The first option is the meaning of the term necropolis. Necropolis means a large symmetry in an ancient city. The meaning of the term men here means long monumental stone of historic value. If you see the news related to men here has appeared in the front page today and we have discussed this during our analysis. So the correct answer is option B a long monumental stone of historic value. Moving on to the next question. The question is the Hayabusa II mission was launched by which among the following space agencies and they have given four options. Here the correct answer is option C JAXA which is the Japanese Space Exploration Agency. Option A is CNES which is the National Center for Space Studies. It is a French space agency and B we know which show is the Indian Space Agency Indian Space Research Organization and D ESA is European Space Agency. So the correct answer here is option C JAXA. Moving on to the next question. The question is considered the following statements and they have given two statements related to Commonwealth and they have asked you to choose the correct statements. Here we have seen during our analysis that though majority of the countries were former colonies of British Empire there are some members which have never had any historical ties with the British Empire. For example the member countries such as Mozambique and Rwanda did not have any historic ties with the British Empire. This is because at present the membership is based on free and equal voluntary association. So the first statement is incorrect here because the statement given here tells that all the member countries of the Commonwealth were countries which once had historic ties with the British Empire. Let us see the second statement now. Here the second statement is partly correct and partly incorrect that at the end which will make the entire statement a wrong statement. We know that India is a member of Commonwealth we saw during our discussion. We also saw that Maldives is not a member as of now but it might rejoin the Commonwealth. So this statement might become correct once it rejoins. Just know that Maldives left the Commonwealth in the year 2016. So as of now the statement is incorrect. So the question is asked for the correct statements. Here both the statements are not correct. So the correct answer is option D neither 1 nor 2. Moving on to the main question. The question is free fair and more representative elections is the need of the heart than simultaneous elections. Discuss. So here the question itself is a fact. They are telling that free fair and more representative elections is the need of the heart than the simultaneous elections. So try to bring out the positives of having free fair and more representative elections rather than having simultaneous elections. So you can also mention something about simultaneous elections. Just mention some of the positives of simultaneous election in just a word or two but bring out the negatives of simultaneous elections like today during our news analysis we saw that it is unconstitutional, unrealistic then constitutional experts need to be contacted in order to have an idea about simultaneous elections etc. But now focus more on free fair and more representative elections. So to answer this you can tell that the present scenario of conducting elections is not really free fair or more representative because we saw many issues during the election time regarding the conduct of elections. So you can mention all the reasons. Then there were some six themes which were discussed by the Rajesh Abba MP which we saw today in our editorial analysis like regarding the appointment system of chief election commissioner and election commissioners then issues on money power the role of money power in elections then regarding the issues of having electronic voting machines then also about the role of social media in the elections. Then again regarding the usage of government data and surrogate advertisements. So all these needs to be addressed to have a free fair and representative elections. So you just mentioned that there needs to be reform electoral reform which has to happen in India by telling all these points. And finally conclude the statement telling that free fair and representative elections is in need of Dihar rather than having simultaneous elections. With this we come to the end of today's session of the Hindu news analysis. Do like comment and share the video and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.


Next up, Ellie Simpson, she's going to talk to us about feedback Friday. So I will be discussing kind of a mall committee project about feedback Friday. If you remember last year, I kind of just spoke about how we were going to start surveying the residents about their perceptions and satisfaction with feedback. And this was kind of came out of an ACG me survey from a couple of years ago in which Miranda not perform as high as we would have liked in this aspect. So feedback Friday, it was started by mall, then it officially began this academic year. And the goal was just to improve the feedback for residents and this came in the form of rubrics and reminders to have residents and faculty ask for or give feedback. And it was really meant to be very informal, you know, we created this rubric, which right in no means was supposed to be filled out completely. But just kind of give us a springboard to start this discussion as some residents expressed that it can be kind of awkward sometimes to ask for feedback. So last year we developed a survey regarding resident experience and the perception of feedback during training. And this survey was distributed last at the end of last year so prior to feedback Friday and then again this year and just to note that there were 10 responses last year and nine this year so we're working with pretty small numbers. The survey is actually about 11 or 12 questions long but for the case of time, I'm only going to present a few of the responses. This first question was regarding frequency and how often you received feedback from faculty members. And last year, the most common response was once a month. And this year we noted that the most common response was weekly. And that's how effective they felt the feedback was so this is personalized or useful something that they can implement. And both years the most common response was that it was somewhat effective and for this question I just assigned each of the responses of five through one numerical value and created means. So there was an improvement in the means for this year for 2022 2023 to 4.0. And I looked at was the amount I received enough feedback from faculty regarding my performance was the question in the 2021 2022 academic year, a large majority said they disagree and felt like they did not receive enough feedback. This year, they said they're agreed or neutral so again the mean scores for that to jump from a 2.3 to a 3.1 this year. We asked about satisfaction and satisfaction how they feel like they received their feedback from resident from faculty. And the 2021 2022 year 70% disagreed that they felt that they were not satisfied. And this year we've seen an improvement where it was either neutral to agree. And so this was the largest increase in means in the study so went from a 2.0 to 3.3. And lastly, this was just kind of kind of get at that culture, a question of providing residents with feedback is valued in our program. In 2021 2022 year, it was neutral. This year it's neutral with a few more agrees there was a small bump in the mean scores for those years. In conclusion, feedback Friday didn't make some improvements in the residents perception and their satisfaction with the feedback. But certainly this program relies on reminders for faculty and residents to ask for feedback. You know this isn't something that's going to be changed immediately it kind of has to come with a culture shift as well. So the mole committee recognizes and realizes that so I'd like to thank them for participating in this and also the residents for filling out the surveys. And I'm happy to take any questions here are some examples of feedback chiefs have received this year. And you can guess who they're from. Yeah.


Hello friends, I am Sanjay Gupta. In this video, I am going to demonstrate you how you can print reverse of array by passing array into function. Before starting, you can note my information, you can follow or subscribe my YouTube channel through the URL youtube.com slash sanjaygupta underscore tech school. You can download my programming app Tech MS which is available on Google Play. Now coming on to the topic, here in this video I will be implementing a C program which will print reverse of array and array will be passed into a function. So first I am including a header file stdio.h can main function. Before main, I am going to declare a function reverse and its return type is void and it will receive an argument that is integer array. So this is function declaration. Inside main, I am declaring an array and a variable i then with the help of printf I am going to display a message enter elements then for loop which will repeat 10 times and it will read all the elements entered by the user and all the elements will be stored inside a array. At different indexes, indexes will be provided through variable i. After reading operation, I am calling reverse function. Inside reverse function, I am passing array a. So this statement is function calling. This is complete definition of main. After defining main function, I am going to define reverse function definition. This will be function definition. Here I am declaring a variable i then I am going to print a message through printf reverse of array then for loop. With the help of this for loop, I am going to repeat printf statement 10 times which will display elements which are available inside array. So if I use this loop from 0 to less than 10 then array elements will be printed in the order which I have which user will be providing at the time of input. So to print it in reverse order, I have to initialize i with 9 and condition will be i greater than 0 and then i minus minus. So this way I can print the array elements in reverse order. Now I am executing this code. You can see it is asking for elements. I am entering 10 numbers and you can see all the elements are printed in reverse order. So this way with the help of this reverse function, I am able to display the array in reverse order. Now the second method is I am starting loop from 0 and it will repeat 10 times through this condition i less than 10 and increment is i plus plus. Now here I am using 9 minus i. So by starting loop from 0, I can also print reverse of array using this 9 minus i inside subscript of a. So first time i is 0 so it will print a of 9 because i is 0 so 9 minus 0 is 9. Then i plus plus i will become 1. So 9 minus 1 is 8. So a 8 index value will be displayed on console and so on. So this way reverse of array will also be displayed on console. So again I am entering 10 numbers. You can see reverse of array is displayed on console through this logic also. So these are two different methods through which you can print reverse of array and I have implemented this code with the help of functions in C programming. So friends, if you want to process any array using function that you can apply this method, I hope you have understood how you can process array elements with the help of user defined functions. If you want to watch more programming related videos, you can follow my YouTube URL that is youtube.com slash sanjaygupta underscore tech school. You can download my programming app TechMS which is available on Google Play. Thank you for watching this video.


So if your code is perfect and there's nothing wrong with it, don't watch this episode of Visual Studio Toolbox, where Leslie Richardson will show us debugger tips and tricks. I envy that person. Hi, welcome to Visual Studio Toolbox. I'm your host, Robert Green, and joining me today is Leslie Richardson. Hey, Leslie. Hi. Thanks for coming on the show. Thanks for having me. Leslie is a PM in Visual Studio Land. Sure am. We're going to talk about debugging tips and tricks. Yes, we are. So there's obviously a lot to cover in the debugging space that sadly a lot of people don't know about. You can spend countless hours debugging that one bug and going through the most tedious steps possible when at the end of the day, you just want to get back to writing code, right? Yes. Yes. So hopefully some of these tips that I show you will help you out in the long run. Cool. A lot of these have been in the product for a while, some are new to 2019. Yes. So if you can remember to when there's something that's brand new in 2019, let's call that out. Okay. Otherwise, this is just stuff in Visual Studio. Awesome. Yeah, definitely. So I'm going to be focusing more on the.NET space today, but a lot of these features overlap into C++ as well. So I'm in Visual Studio 2019 right now, and I'm using an ASP.NET core application. Because I love to read so much, this is an app that randomly gives me a list of books that I can choose to read and add to my shelf or reject and they won't be added to my shelf. Okay. So this app also has a lot of problems with it. So hopefully we can use some of the debugging tools available to us in order to figure them out. Cool. All right. So first up, I have a breakpoint already set in this Book Manager constructor here, and this happens pretty early on in my programs at Secution where it takes in a JSON file containing a bunch of different book related information, converts each piece of that into a book object, and then stores each of those in a list. So I'm at the start of my function here, but I actually want to navigate to the bottom here instead. So normally that would be when I start spamming F10 or step over in order to get down there, but that can be tiresome, especially because I have this for loop right in the middle, so that can take a lot of time and that's not very productive of me. So the other option of course is to just set a breakpoint at the end and then hit F5, but then if I do that, I have to remember to delete the breakpoint afterward. Right.  It's like, okay. It's like, I thought it was going to run without me while I get my coffee, but nope. So another alternative is something called run to click, which I can perform by hovering over the line I want to navigate to next. When I do that, you'll notice there's this little green Glyph icon that shows up, and I can click on that and it'll run all of my code up to that particular line. Easier than going down there right clicking and then set next statement or whatever it was. This is just quicker. Exactly. It's like having a remote control for your code and being able to fast forward to where you want to go. Yeah. So from there, the reason why I want to go to the end of this function is because I wanted to hone in on that book list, which stores a hundred different books because I want to quickly inspect each one. When I hover over it, I get a data tip. But one of my problems I have with data tips from time to time is that the moment I hover away from it, it disappears. So if I want to keep it for a while longer, what I can do instead is pin it. When I pin it, this data tip will stick around for as long as I decide to leave it until I ultimately close it. You can drag that to a second monitor. Yeah. I haven't actually tried. Good question. I feel like that should be possible. Okay. But good question. Yeah. The good news about this is that when I close out of my debugging session here, it'll still be present even when I start a new one. So now, if I wanted to inspect all the contents of this list here, at first glance, this isn't really helpful. Let's say I wanted to inspect each book by their names. It would be a little tedious to expand each of these out until I find the title property and then keep going to the next one and so forth until I find what I'm needing. So this also goes for if I were in the locals window as well or watch or autos. Ideally, it would be a lot nicer if instead of getting the type of object under the value column, I could see particular properties that I'm interested in, so I can just quickly skim through this list. So thankfully, there is a feature that you can use in Visual Studio that's one of my favorites, and it's an attribute called DebuggerDisplay, and that is an attribute that allows you to customize how you view your objects in the watch, autos, locals, and data tip windows. So to do that, I can go into where I defined my class, and at the top of that class definition, I can write in some DebuggerDisplay syntax, and the curly brackets will return the value of any property or properties because I can go plural with it. I can also use expressions if I wanted of whatever property that I specify. In this case, I want to view books by their title property so I'm going to type in title, and I'm also going to have to restart the debugging session. But hopefully, this is where the magic happens. So this is an attribute that exists currently in F-sharp, C-sharp, and Visual Basic. So this is for managed users, but if you're a C++ user, the equivalent that you can use that performs the same function is something called NATViz, where the difference mainly is that you have to create a separate NATViz file inside your project, and then that contains some XML that you can add to or modify in order to perform the thing that I'm about to show you. So I need to go back to the end of this function again. I'm going to use run to click, and I have my data tip that I pinned earlier that's still here because I never closed it. This is my favorite. This is my ad. Yeah. Cool. So cool. I love it a lot. Now, this is the part where we have fun. How long has this been in the project? Yeah. Longer than 2015 and longer than 2015. Yeah. It's been around for a while, longer than me. I love that. That's my favorite part of the show. I get asked that all the time. So is this a 2017, 2019 exclusive? No. Oh, no. Awesome. Yeah. So that's one of my favorites. So another thing that I like- And you can do expressions, so you can concatenate a couple of fields. Yeah. Exactly. Yep. If you wanted to do some simple type of expressions, then you can do that as well if you're interested in seeing what one property plus another is equal to. Could you do something like a function that says if these three fields are missing, just display incomplete. Then if they're there, just like complete. Can you do stuff like that? You can. Yeah. You can do some simple if conditional type statements as well. Yep. But kind of do it at your own risk. My recommendation for when things start to get very complicated in your debugger display syntax is to create another property or function within that class first. Called like debugger display or something like that. Right. Include all that logic and then you can write the function name inside the debugger display. Oh, that makes sense. Okay. Cool. Yeah. So from there, another feature that I like are the text visualizers and visual studios. So for instance, I have this JSON variable here that stores all my JSON contents. And if I'm looking at it, oh, first I need to actually navigate back to it because this is earlier on in my code and I'm currently out of scope. So what I can use for that is something called set to net statement, which I think you mentioned earlier. Right. So to do that, I can pretend as if I were doing another run to click, except I can hold down the control key and that green glyph will turn into the yellow icon, which will automatically move my execution pointer up to that particular line. So that's nice, especially if you want to try out what different execution paths are going to be looking like or if you want to go back and reinspect a previous variable. But you kind of have to use it at your own risk because since you're changing the execution flow in a way that is not necessarily intended, it has the potential to mess with the rest of your code's execution unless you restart and make a new debugging session. So from there, I have the JSON variable and looking at it, it's not very readable right off the bat because it's formatted for JSON in particular. That and it cuts off the screen. So if I'm looking at it in the locals window, for instance, there's this magnifying glass icon that's next to that, and I can click this dropdown to get a list of different visualizers I can use. So I'm going to use the JSON visualizer because this is JSON. And this time I get a lot better of a formatted view so I can quickly view this giant string in its proper format, which is great. So again, if you had a string that's cater for HTML or XML, then you can do that as well. Or if you have something that's catered for something completely different, you can also make your own visualizers. So that's pretty neat. And also if you just have a giant paragraph of text being stored in a variable, you can just use the regular text visualizer as well. Yep, cool. Yeah, so from there, now I kind of want to start looking into some problems with my application itself. So I'm going to hit continue. And so this is the general application and again I can go to this rate books page where it'll randomly give me a list of books that I can read to add to my shelf or not read and they won't be added. So in my case, I just want to read everything so I'm going to add. 100 books. Yep, I'm going to read all 100 of them. You know, it depends. It depends on how big it is. I have the goal every year of reading like 25 books. So I'm not quite at the 100 a year thing so let's go with four years for 100. So, but I'm noticing that of the 100 books that are supposed to be added to the shelf when I do that, it looks like there's only around half of them. So if I go into Visual Studio, I want to double check that out but also I should receive a notification if I click on the rate books page telling me that all the books are gone. Instead I get a lovely exception error instead. So let's try to solve this issue. So I'm going to navigate to my add all to shelf function and this is my function that will take each book on the rate books page and move them into my shelf. And I'm thinking the problem lies within this for loop here. So I want to see what's going on here. So before I, when I first started coding I was really big on print statements everywhere. Yeah, I don't know how many people in the audience out there love print statements as much as I did but they're great. I graduated to writing things to a text file. Yeah, that's great too, counts logging. Yeah. But I guess the problem with that at least for me is that it would be all over my code even when it's not needed. I forget to delete it when I'm done. So I prefer to not modify my code nowadays. So if you do like to log your information to the output window, an alternative you can use is a trace point which is an offshoot of a regular break point. So that will allow me to essentially perform a print statement without having to modify my code in the process. So I'm going to set a normal break point inside this for loop first and then I can hover over the break point to get little settings icon. When I click on that I'm going to select actions and here I'll get a prompt telling me what I want to log to the output window. In this case, I want to see how many indices this for loop goes through before it stops because I feel like it's stopping prematurely. So I'm going to do index, colon and then curly brackets and return the value of variable I. Hit enter and I'm going to leave continue execution checked but if you wanted your code to stop when a trace point's about to be printed you can do that as well. You get a diamond icon instead of the circle as well. So I'm going to boot up the program again. So it would come in handy if you, also come in handy if you wanted to watch the progress of something like I was working on some code yesterday that goes through looks in GitHub repositories and it loops through a large number of them and on some of them it was, there was an exception and I just wanted to know which ones through the exception without watching this program go that could take hours. So I wrote it to a file which worked but it seemed like this way I could just write that information out to the console window and then I don't have this printing, the saving to a file in my code which I could accidentally release to production and then it would blow up because someone didn't have, didn't have the directory that this is writing to, right? See, the big risk to modifying the code to do debugging is to leave that stuff in there. Yeah, because I'm pretty sure I've done a demo in school at one point where I left some arbitrary console.log something or other and I always like write weird quotes in it when I'm frustrated and trying to debug so it had said like a random, ugh, right in the middle of the demo.  Yeah, so from here I'm gonna perform that same add all books to my shelf option and this time I should see some print statements to go with it. All right, so going back into VS I can go to the output window and scroll up a little bit and here you'll notice that there's a bunch of related print statements going back with the trace point that I created. So this is one way to check out your trace points but also the problem with this is that these can easily get buried in the sea of stuff in the output window. So the other place where you can check them out that I like is in the diagnostics tools window. This is a window that I have a bad habit of closing usually when I'm debugging but one of the perks of keeping it open is this because you can filter out events that you see. I have a bad habit of leaving open and watching the pretty pictures. Yeah, that's true too, I do love the CPU graphs. Yeah, but then what are you doing with that? Right. But it makes you look official when somebody's walking past like what is that person doing? Although I did use it in this application I was working on to tell if there was a problem because the exceptions and there's like 10 exceptions that just happen but then when I noticed that there were 20,000 exceptions or 50 or 150,000 exceptions, that was my clue because the way this code works if it hits an exception it just sits in a loop because it's assuming that it just needs to keep trying. Exactly. And then when I got to 400,000 exceptions that was my clue that, hell, hold on a second. It's like, well, okay, maybe I should do something. Yeah. Yeah, so you can view your trace points here as well which might make things a little easier too. So from there I'm noticing that my index value I only goes up to 49 when it should go up to 99. So at this point I just want to step through like that last iteration of my for loop just to see what's going on with each piece of it. So I'm gonna go back to where I set this trace point and now the new problem is I want to go through this for loop but I don't wanna start from the very beginning of it like from when I is equal to zero because I'll be there for days and chances are I'm not gonna pay attention and I'm gonna skip when I equals 49 and then I have to rinse and repeat. So I can use a conditional break point instead which will allow me to halt my code only under a specific scenario that I give it. So where I set the trace point I'm gonna go back to settings and I'm gonna uncheck actions because I'm done with this trace point and check conditions. And from there I want my code to halt when I is equal to 49. Hit enter and close out and the conditional break points been created based off of this little plus icon inside the standard icon. And I'm gonna have to restart again. Now those, the conditional break points and things have been in there pretty much all or I don't even remember when those were created. I have no idea, like I feel like I started hearing about Visual Studio around 2013 or whichever one was before 2015. 13. Yeah, yeah, so 13. So anything past that, no idea. Cool, so again for forming that same add all books to my shelf action, my code halts this time and you'll notice that the value of I is set to 49 instead of zero. So from there if I step through this for loop I'm noticing that I used my neutral books dot count here as my loop condition and at the same time a book is being removed from neutral books at the end of each iteration which is causing the count to decrease at the start of each new iteration. So I think I found the problem here. So I'm gonna stop debugging and we're gonna comment out this line and then just clear all the books at the very end of the function instead. Okay. And that should solve the issue, give it a that. Now is there a way, let's say you thought that was the issue. You could add neutral books dot count to the watch window, right? Right. But correct me if I'm wrong but it doesn't update in real time as the application's running, is that true? Oh, it does update in real time. If you add it to the watch window. Okay. Yeah, and you're stepping then if it changes it will let you know that it changed because it usually highlights in red in either the watch autos in local's windows, so. All right, good. Cool. So from there adding all books it's time it looks like there's a lot more books that have been added. Yes. And just to double check turns out, yeah, I've rated all the books in the library already. Okay. So that was conditional break points and trace points to awesome alternatives to regular break points that you can use in your everyday debugging environment. Cool. So I think what we'll do is stop here and call this part one. Awesome. And then next week we'll do part two and see more debugging trips. People want to learn more about that. You wrote a blog post on this, right? I did. People can check out at aka.ms forward slash debugger display. Yeah, it goes through a lot more of the different scenarios that you can use with it and you can go check it out for more examples. And we will see you next time on Visual Studio Toolbox.


Foreign airlines repatriate $4 billion in 15 months as it becomes more expensive to fly from Nigeria to other West African countries. We'll be taking a look at this on the breakfast as our first hot topic. Federal government and state's open talks on minimum wage review has organized labor insist on pay raise to cushion the effects of petrol subsidy removal. And that's our second hot topic this morning on the breakfast. We'll also be taking a look at the stories that made it to the front pages of some national dailies this morning on off the press. Analysts will be joining us then. Hello good morning and welcome to the breakfast and plus TV Africa. I am Maureen Menon, ways agree. It is our techno file edition on Tuesdays. That's what we do with talk tech. And today our theme is centered on how technology shows the best of humanity the great beauty of technology is that it inspires us. It helps us look forward. It reminds us of how far humanity has come and how much potential we can still unlock. It is an example of our creativity and ability to find solutions to problems. We have been to space under the bottom of the ocean. We have mapped human and are learning ways to cure genetic diseases and prevent genetic defects. One day we will completely cure cancer as easy as taking appeal. The continuing growth of our technology is a reason to be optimistic about humanity's future. No matter how bad our problems are in Nigeria it is a reminder that they are not unsolvable. Welcome again to techno file Tuesday on plus TV Africa. Alright so let's move to our first up trending mob beats Lagos police man unconscious for pushing man into BRT lane. A mob beat a yet to be identified policeman to stoop after a man identified simply as Yusuf was rammed by a BRT vehicle after being allegedly pushed by the policeman in the K2 area of Lagos. The eyewitnesses are the same said that the policeman and his colleagues were attempting to dispossess Yusuf Oswitz vehicle when he got pushed into the BRT lane. A horrible picture you can see on screen there in the process one of the BRT buses plying the lane inward Lagos rammed into Yusuf who collapsed due to the impact of the crush. Look at him lying almost lifeless there. Well according to an eyewitness the policeman after realizing that Yusuf had been crushed by the BRT attempted to flee the scene but an angry mob apprehended one of them that's when the policeman were trying to leave and thus leading to a beating. Very unpleasant situation unfolded there a decay to axis of Lagos. You can see the man there in the bus that's Yusuf being rushed to the hospital for treatment. Okay so that's our first up trending. Our second up trending has to do with a mother and a daughter who will be going to space together. An 18-year-old Aberdeen University student and her mother will travel to space later this week after winning a place on Virgin Galactic's second commercial flight in a prize draw. Anastasia Meyers and her mom Keisha Shahaf will be the first mother and daughter to go to space. They'll also be the first people from the Caribbean to make the journey. The pair will take off from New Mexico on Thursday. Keisha was traveling to the UK to sort out her daughter's visa when she entered the competition. She was on a Virgin Atlantic flight from Antigua to London when suddenly an advert popped up. Anastasia said it was her decision to travel from the Caribbean to study in Scotland that led to the opportunity to go to space. The mission named Galactic 02 is the second commercial space flight conducted by the American Space Company and the first with paying customers on board. The advertised price for a ride on the rocket plane has been as high as $450,000. The Galactic 01 mission took place in June and it reached an altitude of 279,000 feet. It is thought that the second mission will attempt the same path. Anastasia, who will be the second youngest person to go to space, says she hopes she can use the experience to inspire others. So there you have their pictures. Very beautiful mother and daughter there. Well those are top trending. It is the breakfast on Plus TV Africa. Hope your day starting out right. We'll take a break and come back for of the first day with us. You want to know what are those stories that made it to the front pages this morning?