Welcome to Out of the Comfort Zone. It is a beautiful Tuesday afternoon and I am your host, Arby Kelly, on ThinkTech on Spectrum OC 16. Now sometimes when you're looking at an important engagement, you ask yourself, what do I wear? And sometimes when you're meeting someone new and you're not quite sure what sort of impression you're making, maybe you end up making a bad one. And one of the reasons why may be what you looked like, what they thought of you, what they assumed about you. Which is why it's so important to know what sort of message your outer appearance is sending. Because that is something you can control. And here today to talk with me about this is Pam Chambers. Thank you for coming back Pam. I'm so excited you're here. Thank you. Me too. Yes. Good. All right. Could you just really quick sum up for our viewers a little bit more of what you do and how you help people? I'm a presentation coach so I help people with their body language, their voice, their words and their image and their comfort and confidence in front of groups of people. So I have a series of classes that I offer and during session two all we talk about is image. It's all about image. All about image. And it seems like it's that way in real life sometimes it's all about image. So could you tell us about some of the common mistakes people make when it comes to their image? Okay. Some common mistakes for men are they wear everything they own in their pockets. So you see a otherwise well-dressed person approaching you on Bishop Street. Everything their phone, their keys, their sandwich, everything they own is in their pockets and it makes them look wide and bulky and it even can create noise. So they need a handsome, elegant bag of some sort that they can put their things in. So it's not to ruin the lines of their suit. Right. Right. Clothes that don't fit properly, big mistake. Clothes that have lost their good condition. They used to be nice. I had a man in a class the other day and I said I know that those pants were once excellent and they have just over time lost their excellence. So you deserve a new pair of pants and he went and got them. And sometimes, again, the fit is wrong so it doesn't look flattering, it looks uncomfortable, tags sticking up, pockets coming out, just those little details that we forgot to take a final look at.  Because otherwise I have no idea what I look like. And I think it's interesting you mentioned ill fitting clothes because most people seem to think that when they get something off the rack, it should fit them and that it's just fine as it is. Almost never. Is that the case? So that's why everyone needs in their toolbox the name and address and phone number of a tailor. The stores will tailor your clothes for you but it costs more to do it that way. So there are two or three tailors here in the area that people can use. But almost always the pants aren't the right length or the sleeves aren't the right length. Pet peeve, people who roll their sleeves up and they show us the lining of their sleeves. That's me. All the time. It was hip in the Miami Vice days with what was his name, so cute, forget his name.  That was a look. It was a great look. But for the board room, we don't want to see the inside of your jacket. So get it tailored. I think that's a little bit of a problem here in Hawaii because it is so hot and most people, one, they don't want to wear suits, but two, if they do, it's like, I'm sweating on the inside of this, oh, it's so hot. So I think that's hot. Well, hot, but does it need to not fit, right? So another thing that comes up a lot is my weight has changed. Either they've lost weight or they've gained weight and they're still wearing the same thing that once did look like it fit and now it's not. It's not. Whether it's too tight or too baggy, it just doesn't suit them anymore. And some people don't want to wear the right size because they don't like the number of that size. So they don't... That to me is crazy. It is. Well, we have our pride, so we were once a size X and now we're not and we still go to that section because we don't want to admit I'm different now. And that doesn't make sense to me for multiple reasons. One because different stores have different sizings. Yes. One because the sizings when they were created were totally arbitrary. Three because the stores just change them whenever they want to. They use vanity sizing. Yes.  No.  They also manipulate us by having mirrors that make us look thinner. That got me for so many years. Yeah. I finally figured it out. Yeah. Well, you can tell because it's kind of rippled. It's not a true reflection. So the minute you see that, you should say, okay, they're flattering me. It ends up. Yeah. I always have to test it now by like putting my hand out like this and then like turning it sideways and trying to see if I notice any perspective difference because otherwise it will fool me. I've gotten jackets like that before where I'm like, oh my gosh, I put on this jacket, looked in this mirror and I lost 10 pounds. And then I get home and all the pounds came back and I don't know what happened. So those dark mirrors. Another flaw is when a man or a woman, when they're wearing pleated pants. So do we all know what that means? I don't. Okay. It's where the, I wish I had pleats in my pants, but it's where the pant has a fold or two that make a gather almost. And those need to be lying flat. Sometimes the manufacturer was cheap with the amount of material they used. So they open. So these are called depleted pants. Depleted. So the pleats need to be deep enough to really lie flat. That's something to check on. It also seems that I think we need to go back to your early point about the tailor because a lot of our audience is going to be like, oh, tailor, sure, yeah, whatever. And they're not going to actually do it. No, stop.  That's actually, some of my clients, we talk about image too and whenever we start talking about outer appearance, I say, you need to find a tailor. That is your homework for this week. Find a tailor.  Don't get me wrong.  And when I first started out finding a tailor, I felt like so nervous, like what if they ruined my clothes? What if they don't speak English? What if we have a horrible mistake? But it was actually easy and it was worth it. And then my biggest concern was, OK, is spending an extra $20 or $40 fixing this outfit worth it? Is that cost effective? If you're going to wear it many times, it's completely cost effective. Just think of it this way. Every time you wear a $300 suit, every time you wear it, the price per wearing goes down. So now if you had a dress like an evening gown that you wore twice, that's an expensive garment. 150 times each. Right, 150 times each. But if you wore that vest multiple times because it's in good condition, fits well, and was of good quality, then pennies per day. I'm going to tell that to my husband the next time he complains about my wardrobe. Honey, pennies per day. It's worth it. Don't put your wallet in your back pocket. Now, I know people are going to be groaning about this, but when you have a relatively thick wallet in your back pocket, it's going to wear holes in the corners of the wallet. So your back pocket is going to have four faded spots from your wallet. And not only that, as you're saying that, I can see the image of my dad's jeans in my head. And there's that square for his wallet and nothing else. I think that's so funny. It's quite adorable in some cases. And if you're in an important job interview, you're having dinner at some elegant place, going on a first date, trying to win the bid over somebody else, these are the times that those details matter. They really do. It is in the details, which, speaking of, there are a lot of details that you're wearing today. You've got lovely earrings, accessories, jewelry, and your hat. Thank you. Tell us a little bit more about what made you choose these and how they fit your image. Well, there is an image tip for women called the power of three. And this is not applicable for men in Hawaii. Men can do aloha, shirt, pants, and that's it. But women, we still are not really equal in all ways, in some ways, many ways, but not always. And so one thing we have to work harder on is our image. So when I look at you, I see the power of three, shirt, vest, pants. Now, I also see noticeable jewelry. We don't want to go beyond seven. So one, one, two, three, four, five is what I see. And that's fine. Six, the boots. Oh, let's switch to camera so you can see. I'm wearing knee-high boots here to help on my motorcycle. Right. But for me, I was wearing a belt. I took it off so I could get my mic under here, but a belt, this, this, this hat. So I have three things happening here. And I've noticed, Pam, every time I meet you, you're wearing a hat. Yes. Now, I do have hair. Some people wonder. I was wondering. Yeah, do you have hair? Yes, I have hair. I have hair. But some people worry that maybe I've lost my hair. No, it's just something that I do. And to prove it off, and I will take off my hat before I start speaking, or perhaps in the middle of something. I remember you doing that now. I wondered why you went from no hat to hat. Interesting.  Just to show that I don't need to be hidden. I don't need to be protected. I can take it off. But I want that first impression to be part of my branding, which includes that Pam Chambers always has a hat. I have 37 hats. I used to have more, but I moved into a smaller space.  Yeah. Only 37 hats, Pam. You're slipping. Some of them don't get out much. Some get out a lot. Like this one gets out a lot. So how did you decide on the hat? Oh, it wasn't a decision. It was something I just started to do, and I liked it. I just have a feeling that when I have something on my head, I'm more stable.  It's just a thing that I have. But you have a very well-defined brand, very well. So what we mean by brand is that if I saw someone a block away, I would know that's so-and-so. So it's a habitual way of dressing that might have to do with color, shape, style. Always there's always some interesting jewelry. It could be something that is happening with the hair always. But we all should develop a brand so that people see that and know who we are, and they know what they can expect from us. That's actually crucial when you're meeting new people. As you know, Pam, I do struggle remembering people, which is something following your tips has helped me with. But I found it so much easier to remember someone when just by looking at them, they're memorable. For example, one woman that I had in my class, she didn't know she had a brand. But her brand was hair sleeked back in a low chignon, which is a low bun, a very lady-like sleeveless dress with a scoop collar, a wide belt, and a full skirt, and flats. She always dressed that way. And I don't know why she did. She doesn't even know why she did. But you could spot her a mile away. We knew who she was. And when it comes to doing business, that's crucial. Because you meet so many faces who do so many things with so many names, all these people. Your brain actually deletes most of them because they just don't stand out. There was a man in my rotary club a while ago. He passed away, unfortunately. But he was known for a seersucker suit. He always wore, you know what seersucker is? It's a very lightweight, tropical fabric that men would wear with a Panama hat, possibly a bow tie. And it was striped, vertical stripes, and cotton. And it had kind of a pebbly surface to it. A real summer suit is what it was. And he always wore that. If not a whole suit, at least the jacket was seersucker. We knew him. I mean, everyone knew who he was. And I think that's so important. Most people, they're just trying to blend in. They're not wanting to stand out. But it's so crucial for your business, for your brand, for your sanity that you stand out. And we'll be back in just a minute to talk about why. See you then. I'm Ethan Allen, host on Think Tech Hawaii of Pacific Partnerships in Education. Every other Tuesday afternoon at 3 PM, I hope you'll join us as we explore the value, the accomplishments, and the challenges of education here in the Pacific Islands. Truth is, I'm impressed. I haven't been asked such intelligent questions in a long time. Thanks. When I was growing up, I was among the one in six American kids who struggle with hunger. But with the power of breakfast, the kids in your neighborhood can think big and be more.  Welcome back to Out of the Comfort Zone with Think Tech Hawaii. I'm your host, RB Kelly. And I'm here with special guest, Pam Chambers. Thank you, Pam, for joining us. So over the break, we got a little distracted.  Pam, could you explain your opinion on this? It could be familial upbringing. It could be culture. It could be they stood out and got punished somehow for it. What does it take to stand out? Self-esteem, confidence, not caring a lot about what people might say or think about you, standing out for being chosen. Why would we hide? We're afraid we're not worthy of standing out. We think more might. Or maybe it's not safe. It's not safe. More might be expected of us if we were to stand out. I think it takes practice. I know it did for me. Practice. Oh, I used to be so shy. I didn't want to stand out. So I would hide behind my hair and dress like everyone else. And then I got a job that required me to stand up and stand out. And I slowly made my way to that. So maybe a good tip would be, once a week, a man wears a long-sleeved shirt to work with the sleeves rolled up. He's going to stand out on that day. And someone will say, are you going on a job interview? And he can say, no, I just felt like wearing this shirt that my wife gave me. He can do that. So once a week, you could try something that is out of your comfort zone that would give you practice at standing out. What do you think of that? I think that's brilliant.  So it was very effective, a small town. Everybody knew me. Everybody had an opinion. Most people suddenly thought I was a lesbian, including my future husband. So it was very effective as a strategy for standing out. But I know a lot of people heard that story and they just got hives. That is the scariest thing you can think of. So I think it's smart to just take that one step of that, that little thing you can do each week to be different. It could be that you wear a jacket once. It could be you wear an exceptional pair of shoes. Once a week, do something different. And see what it's like. See if you can live through it. You're probably not going to be killed for being different or being exceptional. You'll get some looks. You might get some talking behind your back a little bit. So here's your choice. You stand out or you hide?  You get to be the one who makes the first choices. If you hide, nobody sees you.  It's only a slight exaggeration there, I think. Circulating through space alone. Let's talk about some transformations that I've seen. I'd like to hear that. Okay, well, in one of my classes, the first day of class, there are only 10 people. So we can do this in an evening. Everyone stands up one at a time and we, the rest of the people, write three adjectives that we would use to describe that person and what we imagine their job might be. So what are three adjectives that you would use and what do you think they do for a living? So, and then they have to read those words out loud in front of the class and they can't show any reaction. They just read the words and then there's time later for them to react. So one woman, two people wrote that she works in a plant store, like a nursery. Interesting. Two people, based on what she was wearing in her demeanor. And guess what she is? She is the lead, the principal financial planner for a large company. Not what you would expect. It was a complete mismatch. Completely disconnect. So she was wearing, you may wanna know what was she wearing that would make people think this. It was a denim, loose-fitting jumper. Do you know what a jumper is? It's a- Like overalls? Kind of, well, less overall-y than that. It was something you put on a rear head with a long sleeve kind of thing and it looked like something you would wear in the garden. It was great if you're in the garden, but she's a financial advisor. So she did not like that one bit and she changed. And now, oh my goodness, you should see her now. You should have seen her a week later. I mean, she just really went for it. She started to wear makeup after people thought she looked a little plain. Plain. That's a hard thing to hear. Plain. Would you wanna be three adjectives? Plain. So plain, nursery. Another woman got, what was her role? Stockroom supervisor. She was also the owner of her company. It was an appraisal, real estate appraisal company. So she changed and then guess what? Her husband didn't like it that she changed. He didn't like it. He didn't want her standing out. He didn't want her getting, ooh, you must be the CEO. He didn't want that. So she backpedaled a bit and watered it down a lot. I feel we both have strong opinions about our significant others choosing the way we look. She must have had a good reason. That's all I can say. That's very diplomatic to say. Thank you. I know my husband, when we first met, like I said, he totally thought I was a lesbian. And when we met, I had like a buzz cut. Like it was this long all over my head. So I could kind of see why he thought that. I saw that photo with the sunglasses. With the sunglasses, yeah. Anyway, moving on. Yeah. One guy was a banker, didn't look like a banker. He was a banker, didn't look like a banker. Why? Because his clothes were not of the quality that we expect from someone who manages and handles large amounts of money. He needed to upgrade and he did. And so it sounds like this information might be hard at first for people to hear, but it's something they need to hear. Well, they don't come to my class without being, and this is a level two class. So they don't come without knowing they're gonna get feedback that they want, that they want, they want this kind of feedback. They don't want the results, even though the feedback sometimes hurts. That's right. Now, do I go up to someone I don't even know and say, you know what, no, of course not. I used to give unsolicited feedback when I thought I was helping, but people don't like that. So I don't do that. If someone asks what do you think of this, then I'll say something nice and something constructive and then something nice again. Oh my gosh. The Oreo sandwich. The Oreo, the compliment sandwich, yes. I'm not sure if I wanna ask you for your feedback since we're live on television. Oh no. What? Do you wanna? I'd love to hear your feedback. You have a panicked expression. I won't put you on the spot. No, I'm willing to do this. Okay, I like the power of three. I like the way your sleeves are rolled up. I like the accessories. To me, your jacket looks a tad tight. I agree with you.  I need to take my own advice, darn it. Well, it just looks a tad uncomfortable, is what I'm feeling. But you may like it that way, the way it fits. And I love the whole gestalt of RV Kelly. Well, thank you. That was not nearly as painful as I was expecting, my goodness, and neither will it be for you. So, definitely get feedback on your outer appearance, but not feedback from just anyone.  Look at the people around you who do what you do or who do what you want to do. No, I'm not talking Spider-Man, Batman, Boba Fett. I'm talking actual professions. Don't go dressed as a superhero to work, but get that feedback. Yeah, and as far as shopping, some people say I can't afford high quality. Well, do you know, you don't know, but I'll tell you, whoops, sorry, 15 of the clothes in my closet are from Goodwill. And you would never know that those were the Goodwill clothes because they're super good quality, so. I remember you telling me that and I was like, no way. Yeah, way, way, way, way, way, way. So yes, you have to have patience and you have to know what you're looking for, but there are some really good finds at Goodwill Salvation Army, any of the consignment stores, and you pay just a fraction. And you can get creative. You can really find what you like, you can build that personal style. Some of my favorite, more casual clothes now, but some of my favorite things have always come from those little, little tucked away stores that are unique, they're different. Yeah, they're old, but that doesn't mean they're out of date or useless, they're cool, they're interesting. And when you buy from Goodwill, or the Salvation Army, you provide jobs for people who otherwise might not have one because they sort the clothes, they clean the clothes, they mark them, they hang them, they restock them. It's good all the way around. It's a good thing. Yeah, and so you not only get the clothes you like for the price you like at a price where you can definitely afford to tailor them, but you also get to help people and make a positive change. Right, right, right. So we've only got like four or five minutes left. Okay. So give us a little bit of your take on how different personalities should kind of develop their brand, how you can find your personal style. Oh, how can you find your personal, okay. So look at what makes you resonate. So look at what you notice and what you say, wow. Oh, I wish I could pull that off. Look at what makes you do a double take. And notice what it is that made you do that second look and ask, could I picture myself in that? Could I imagine doing that? Maybe not the whole thing, but maybe one of the things there. Interesting. If you're told that you're intimidating, some people are told that they're intimidating, they need to wear softer colors, softer fabrics and softer shapes. If they're perceived as weak and not powerful, they need to wear power colors like what you're wearing that are crisper, have structure and shape and mean business. So it sounds like you're not saying, oh, these are the blanket rules for who you are and what you do. It sounds like it's find what you love and then tweak it here and there to either move up on the intimidation spectrum or down on the intimidation spectrum. Yes. And the color and the style and the shape will all affect that intimidation or approachability factor. That makes sense. I have a black cardigan. I got from my mom that I've never, ever worn just because every time I put it on, I'm like, oh, I look so nice. And that's not a comfortable look for me. That's not how I want to come across. I want to be.  I love my mom to death, but we have such different styles. Of course. Anyway.  People make up their minds for you based on what you look like and how you act. So you need to make sure they're coming up with the right conclusion. Now, if you want to learn more about Pam and her presentation classes, Pam, how can they find you? Pamchambers.com. That was easy. Yes. Pamchambers.com. So viewers, I would absolutely encourage you to go visit. She's got a book there. She's got lots of different resources. So please go take a visit. Pamchambers.com. That's it for this week and I'll see you next Tuesday on Out of the Comfort Zone.


Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss thyroid gland and its hormones. Thyroid gland lies on the ventral surface of trachea just below the Adam's apple. It consists of two lobes, right and left lobes. There are two types of glandular cells in a thyroid gland. These are follicular cells which secrete two hormones, thyroxine, which is also known as triiodothyronine or T4 and triiodothyronine that is T3. The second type of cells in thyroid gland are para follicular cells which produce one hormone which is called calcitonine. The secretion of T3 and T4, we shall discuss the secretion of T3 and T4. The secretion of T4 dominates T3, however T3 is more active form and carries the major metabolic functions. So the target cells mostly convert T3, T4 into T3 which is active form. We shall discuss the secretion of T3 and T4 in detail. The release of thyroid hormone is stimulated by the thyroid stimulating hormone from anterior pituitary. This TSH is released on the stimulus of TRH from hypothalamus. This is a positive feedback loop. The stimulus for this positive feedback are stress, cold and low skin temperature and low metabolic rate. In these conditions TRH from hypothalamus is secreted which stimulates TSH release and TSH stimulates the release of thyroid hormones. The release of T3 and T4 that is thyroid hormones puts a negative feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary. As a result the TRH and TSH production is reduced which affect the production of thyroid hormones. This negative feedback controls the quantity of thyroid hormones. Dear students now we shall discuss the functions of T3 and T4. These hormones have diverse effects on the physiology of virtually all tissues of the body. Their roles can be grouped into two categories metabolic roles and developmental roles. First we shall discuss the metabolic roles of T3 and T4 that is thyroid hormones. They stimulate cellular respiration, oxygen consumption and metabolic rate. And as an effect of all these three processes the heat production. This heat production through this thyroid action, thyroid hormones action is very important in thermoregulation. These hormones also sensitize some tissues to epinephrine which is a hormone of adenyl medulla. The we are discussing the roles of T3 and T4 which also promote the normal motility of gastrointestinal tract. They also regulate some reproductive functions. Now we shall discuss the developmental roles of thyroid hormones. These hormones significantly affect development and maturation of vertebrate animals. They are involved in the normal functioning of bone forming cells and the branching of nerve fibres during embryonic development of brain. They also control metamorphosis of tadpole larvae into adult. The developmental effect of growth hormone occurs only in the presence of thyroid hormones. Dear students, Thyroid gland thyroid hormones is a disease called Graves disease. It is an autoimmune disease which is because of production of such antibodies which mimic TSH. They bind to the receptors for TSH and cause sustained production of thyroxine. As a result, the symptoms of Graves disease are produced which include high body temperature, very high level of sweating, weight loss, irritability, and high blood pressure and the most of the symptoms of Graves disease is the protruding eyes or exotelmia. Dear students, Hypothyroidism that is the production of thyroid thyroid thyroid hormones in low quantity results in two diseases in men. These include the cratinism and goiter. Cratinism results from iodine deficiency in early stages of development. In cratinism, the somatic, neural and sexual development of a person is severely affected. Moreover, metabolic rate is reduced and resistance to disease is also reduced. The inadequate production of thyroxine in adults leads to goiter. In goiter, TSH from Pichu tree is produced in high quantity that causes excessive stimulation of thyroid glands which become enlarged. That is, inki hypertrophy hojati hai or iss disease ko goiter kahte hai. Here we can see the symptoms of goiter in a patient with enlarged throat. This is the symptom of goiter. Inside it we can see the hypertrophy of the thyroid gland. Dear students, both the symptoms of hypothyroidism that is cratinism and goiter can be controlled and treated by adding iodine in diet at the iodine enhances thyroid hormone production. Dear students, now we shall discuss the second hormone of thyroid gland that is the calcitonin. Calcitonin is a protein hormone which is secreted by the para follicular cells of thyroid. It is released in response to hypercalcemia that is high level of blood calcium. It is important hormone for calcium metabolism and calcium homeostasis. Calcitonin promotes calcium deposition in bone matrix. It suppresses calcium ions loss from bones. It also enhances calcium ion excretion from the kidneys.


The game I like to play is called Cats and Dogs. So what I do is I send you the following. So I'm thinking of two animals, a cat and a dog, and these two animals make different sounds. And on a count of three, as a collective, once I say three, we're all going to yell out an animal we choose and the sound it makes. So if I say one, two, three, and you think dog, make a woof, or if you think cat, make a meow, and if you don't know, make a moo, whatever. So that's how we're going to start these things.  It gets the fun out and it's weird. Yeah, it's super weird. So ready? One, two, three, woof! Great, now we know who's type A and who's type B. I won't tell you which. All right, product manager and open source, or APM's primer on leftist software development models. Nobody laughed, but I think that's really fun. So, a bit about me. When I was younger in college and high school, I did a lot of electronic music production. Synthesis, low-fill oscillators, drum machines, weird stuff. I was in a trance in electronica. That was kind of my foray into technology.  My mom used to drop me off at the local guitar center and then go food shopping and be like, great, you're good? I'm like, great, yeah, she's good. So, you spent a couple hours there and came back. Yeah, sure, so I'm in Nassau County. So, I'm an alumni of a couple different companies. I've had a story history. You can look me up on LinkedIn and be like, wow, he's worked a lot of places. So, now with Google Earth, yay! So I have a little bit of an open source background myself as kind of an engineer. I like to think of myself as an enterprise read me expert, really good at reading. But yeah, I maintain open research, which is an open source research platform for customer research. So, you scratch your head and be like, huh, I feel like I'm a little biased when it comes to the product I'm building and I want to figure out how to tap other people and use tools and resources. Where do I get started? Open research! So, those are all free. It's in public domain and I try to make it as open as possible when you have open formats and all the fun, hippy stuff that we expect. And then ZSH completions, if you're interested in Shells or ZSH or more obscure Linux stuff, I'll have to talk to you about my ZShell. So that's a project that I work on. And also a resource for you. One of the things that I love to do is meet new people in New York, have conversations, networking as part of this game, but so is learning. And I'm an avid and obsessed learner. So if you're interested in learning or teaching or just hanging out, grabbing a whiskey or a coffee or coming to the Google building, you'd just be like, wow, it's so big and you have so much food. That's totally, my contact will be later and you can come hang out and we'll talk tech. Great, so important stuff, right? So if you fall asleep during this talk, which is totally possible because it's like seven at night, here's what I want you to think about, really dream about. So the first thing is going to be this idea of time to value, right? When we think about value in software and we think about value in these experiences that we are really creating, right? It's real simple. We want to make sure that people have good experiences. And we don't want to take a long time to get there. So we want to reduce our time to value. If you look at open source models, that kind of works, right? Because what you're doing is you're increasing the ability for more people to add features, you expand surface area, and you reduce your time to value, right? A great example is Linux, right? Linus Torval built Linux a while back and now Linux runs on this TV. And it also works on this projector. Well, there's not a projector here, but there was in probably Linux, right? Linus didn't build for a projector, right? The surface area was opened up because you had people who realized, well, I can reduce my time to value by grabbing Linux, expanding it, and opening up the surface area, right? Tremendous. Layers. So if you work on a product, or if you use a product, the layers underneath your product have open source layers. This is partially one of the reasons that we're in this kind of like, I don't know what I'll call this, technological revolution right now with all these amazing new products coming out. The hard stuff is being solved and being built upon, and that's where you see this idea of layers. Underneath the hard, there's a ton of open source, and I'm going to go through that later. If you're awake, you'll see. The next really is relevance, that it's open source inside your products. Developer, make me a random number generator, right? Like, these are solved problems that people have already done at open source, and by using these, we can make, you know, big things happen. This is a new idea that I'm starting to play around with, and I was telling somebody today, and she's like, yeah, this is not a good idea, but I'll explain it to you. This idea that we as product managers and really as people that move technology can create shared mental models that we can share with people when we're collaborating. And by kind of stating, this is how we're going to think through a process. This is how we're going to think through this conversation in a room like that for an hour or two. By setting boundaries, and by creating a shared mental model, putting on a whiteboard and be like, this is how we think through, it reduces a tremendous amount of inertia that we usually have in these meetings, where people will raise their hand and just throw something out. You're like, no, no, you're in the wrong path. So the question is how do you keep people on path? So this idea of shared mental models is just something I've been thinking about a lot recently. So I'll try to like expound upon that while I go through the deck. It's new, it's not really part of the deck, but I think I can weave it. Cool, what is an open source product? So like some people will agree or disagree with my definition, but hopefully it's a product that is open source. I can read the source code, it's available. I can download the source code, I can build it on my own. There's this sentiment of you would even say bare bones product. I know the stuff that's going on under the hood. That's open source, pretty straightforward. They also contain licenses. And licenses are like probably one of the most important things in open source. Because if you use an open source product with a license that could hurt your product, be in the safe. If you use an open source product that allows you to move more freely with a more simpler license, it works in a better way. Kind of simple there, but I'll go through that later. These are high levels. And we say product, but maybe we mean project, kind of the same thing. What's the difference? A product is something that you pitch to someone that sells, that people use and ultimately kind of makes money. A project is tooling, something that is more less money-driven. It's a project. It's kind of the thing you make in your garage and you share with other people. Projects can totally turn into products. And products can probably turn into projects, but usually it's projects to product. Ah yes, this is one of my favorite sites. So just look at that picture for a second. Think about what's there. And let me drink some water. So it's 1980, maybe 1983, 1984. And the parents bought you a 10D computer for your 18th birthday. And it comes to your house, $1,000 machine, and you're like, this is unbelievable. How do I get started? Well, I can subscribe to one of these magazines that basically provide me source code. And I can build one of these games and write it myself. And this was totally a thing back in the 1980s. People did this. They subscribed to magazines. They got source. They compiled it on their computers. They had their own running games. This is GitHub, right? This is code distribution 40, 30 years ago. Unreal. Punch cards are kind of similar. You can even touch the code in a punch card, right? It's weird. So when you say open source, you can say, well, it's unpopular for the last 10 or 15 years. SourceForge was one of the popular ones on the internet. But ultimately, this is kind of one of the first massively driven distributed open source models. And once you've built this code, you can change it. If this is a game you can increase the lives. It's an integer, right? You can change the value. So when we think about open source, you go down to the lowest common denominator, which is open source code. That's it. It's just magazines. So are they a new thing, right? 1980s magazines, Linux. We spoke about Chrome. Chromium is an open source browser, and Chrome is built on top of it. Android, right? This TV is a Sony TV underneath the hood. Android. And they're underneath Android Linux. And then Pigeon. So the reason I put Pigeon on is because it is a chat product, right? It's one of these old school, like, AOLs and Messenger chat products that have been around since the year, like, I don't know, like, 98, 99. And what's so interesting about computing, and I got to think through this more, there's something there, is that we can either consume, we can create, or we can communicate. And that's kind of it, right? That is software. That's the internet. We can communicate things, we can create things, or we can consume things. And Pigeon was so novel because not only was it an open source communication platform, but it had a plug-in framework. So that means that anyone could create, like, a plug-in for any service. So it'll go old school for a second, AOLs and Messenger, ICQ, MSN, IRC, right? All these are old school ways of communicating in chat. This is pre-slag, right? And you could build plug-ins for this. And that was open source. So anyone could do it. Crazy idea. Like, super cool. And is it a new thing? Sort of. So, like, this is the crazy thing, right? Commercialization of open source is really what we're experiencing right now. It's in a couple of different directions. The first direction I mentioned earlier, right, is these layers, right? Simplifying the hard stuff, making it easy to build quickly and simply on tried and true things. But then, and then you have infrastructure that's open source. You have open source scalable projects like Kubernetes or things like Cloud Foundry that are open source totally and allow a developer to move faster and build products quicker, right? And these are open source, I go as far as to say, at scale, right? You basically have, there was an article recently that talked about open source has standards, right? Because when you move so quickly, it's really difficult to find a standard. Standards take a long time to build. IETF, W3C, all these different standards, standard building places that build these long documents that basically turn into architectures and infrastructures that last the test of time, right? HTTP is a standard, right? HTML is a standard, right? HTML5, that's a standard. But those are great, but those are really like low level things. So the question is, how do you move faster? How do you create standards quicker?  You say, hey, it's a thing. It does this thing really well. Is anyone interested in surface area expansion? Do you want to provide more value? Do you want to be an engineering multiplier? This guy named Stephen Wally, he worked with Dr. Nose and Microsoft. He was quoted saying, there's no such thing as an open source business model. It's really just engineering multipliers. So I thought that was pretty novel. I get ahead of myself. There we go. So Europeans love open source, right? I saw this article and I was like, this is amazing. The European Union is basically like, we want open source government solutions. We want it because it allows us to move faster. We want it because it reduces our surface area. It also allows us to not rely on a vendor for things like security challenges, right? Like, security is a thing now. It's obviously going to be more and more of a thing. The more we have these devices and applications that kind of run our lives, open source security, in my opinion, always gives you an opportunity to really vet code. If you want to understand what's inside the box, open it up, all right? And you get updates. Pretty compelling for free. And this is like probably one of my other favorite slides. HoardWorks is now 21. I checked it earlier. I don't want to replace the image because I was like, I don't want to replace it. But there's market value here. Red Hat, the company that kind of survived the Linux desktop battles of the late 90s still around is killing it in the market, right? People are going back and saying, hey, what are servers running? The gray beard engineer in the back goes, oh, it's Red Hat. What else are they doing? And suddenly they're doing containers and Docker and all these interesting things around Kubernetes and building scalable systems. And they're all open source, right? And they sell services on top, and they sell plugins on top, and it's knowledge that's added value. And they're doing great work in market. And their philosophies are actually pretty cool, too. And HoardWorks makes a flavor of Hadoop, right? They took Hadoop, which is just a crazy, big data processing system, and they put services on top of it and awesome stuff on top of it to make it easier for people to do, right? How do you process data at scale in a large corporation? You might use a HoardWorks product, but underneath the hood, open source. So where do we use open source? It kind of led to this, but like, hey, it's in your phone. It's on within your iPhone. And it's in your browser, right? This is all the open source stuff in your Chrome browser that in its license asks for a credit. If your license can say, hey, if you're going to use this open source software, we need to be credited. There you go. This is cool, right? So when we make websites, like I said, we always use open source projects. D3JS is an amazing graphing framework. You have graphs and data-driven imagery out, right? Totally open source project. JavaScript library for manipulating documents based on data. You can make any of these by pushing in some code and some digits and then you get a beautiful picture, right? This is free. You just need a good engineer to figure out how to use it, but this is free, right? It is crazy. A crazy idea where years ago you would have companies that would charge five or six figures for projects like this. This is Facebook. React is a front-end framework. It's a UI framework that Facebook built a couple of years ago. And it has gotten so much acceptance by the front-end development community that it has become literally the standard. Recruiters look for this all the time in resumes. My friend is a... I have a couple of friends that are front-end engineers. They all use React. That is the thing they use. It's developed by Facebook and it opens source. And they support it. They accept requests to make changes in code. And it scales and it works and it's free. It's crazy. So, okay, we understand what these things are and how they exist. Who participates here? So, we really have two players. We have a community, which effectively has resource time. And then we have a customer, right? Who has the cash money to make things move. So it's so interesting here is that these two things these two different containers are so hard to grow. And they use completely different methodologies to grow. Growing your customer base with open source and your community base with open source not only requires different resources, it's a different mind. It is a different way of approaching the problem. In one case, it's all about knowledge. It's all about control. It's about surface area. It's about giving end-users a voice. And in the other case, it's really about satisfying a customer need. Right? Why do we make products if it doesn't satisfy a need? Sometimes you do because it's cool. And that's awesome, like we learned something. But generally, products are there to satisfy a need that we want to build on. Right? And that's pretty compelling. Another thing that I think we don't really think about is this idea that I can actually have an influence on a product before. We don't have that today. Consumers don't have that ability.  I want to try and go instead of a square. That doesn't happen. But this allows you to do it. This actually allows you to change the products that you use. That's unbelievable. And not just because we're consumers, but because it gives the companies a direct feedback loop. There's two ways to do that. One, you can say this is what I want. And the other way is to say this is what I want and I'm going to do it myself. Right? That's an insane way to think about consumption of experiences, creation of experiences. It's not normal. People make things, we take them, and we use them. But now we've changed the cycle. People make things, we take them, we make them better, and then we give them back. And then more people do it. You create this feedback loop that's insane. It's a different idea. And I've always found that probably the most compelling one of the most compelling aspects of open source in that I have a voice. Nobody might be listening, but I have a voice. I'm not stuck with some customer service reference like, thanks for your feedback. You sound. I actually can log into a repository and say, hey, I think you can make this better and here's how. Or do the work for you. That's novel. So this is Richard Stalman touching everything and turning it to code. Like that. Stalman wrote a lot of old philosophy documents on open source. What if everything in the world was open source and readable? What if we lived in a world of open source technology? What would that look like? How would we exist? Could we even consume that? Could our brains handle that? Like my Facebook feed went up and it was all crazy. But now everything around you is transparent. I could touch a wall and figure out what materials were made. It's insane. He's kind of crazy. But also, he predicts a lot of really interesting stuff like these techno bureaucracies. He predicted a lot of things that would happen in software where you'd have companies that take open source and then close it. Kind of killing the project that's still letting you throw. It's like a project like Java. Right? Sun created Java. Oracle bought Sun. And then Java as an ecosystem totally changed. Enterprise Java. It really reduced their resources on the open source. But Linus wants to rule with a loving a loving that iron this. Because ultimately this project is so personal that it is an expression of him. Software can be an expression of himself. It's my vision. It's my pattern. It has the same code patterns that I use for development similar to thinking. And that's super interesting too. Because when you think about open source you start to look at structures and systems and the way people think about the progression and fall of information. You are literally getting down to the atomic level of logic. You are setting a mental model for your community and how they think relative to your project. There's that mental model now. These are the best practices that my project uses.  If you do, you can give me a code. Weird. But that's not true. We all deal with things differently. But this starts to change that. It starts to dictate thinking patterns and thought patterns and best practices. It's crazy. It's crazy. Crazy. As a corporation maybe Google, maybe Facebook do this thing I want to do so I have this motivation. Right? I want to grow awareness. These resources I want to standardize. Surface area. There it is. These are my wants. The reason I want to do that is I want to develop a community. Because when you look at open source practices one of these practices is having a list of things I would like to help with as an open source maintainer. It's a to-do list. Community might come in and see a to-do list and be able to get involved in a project with a feed web by executing on it. You don't work for me but now you kind of do. Or you are interested in the same subject as me and now you can help me grow my project. Right? You want to ship products faster. The faster I get something out, the faster I get food back on it. The faster I get something out, the faster I get something back on it. And as an organization this is one of my favorite things to talk about. I want to something so I can something. Now when you look at open source maintainers and ownership you see a lot of different players. We talked about the BDFL. Other spectrum of that, we also have the organization. We have Mozilla. We have Apache. We have these organizations that shepherd open source projects that help them succeed and basically gain traction in market share. But they also create governance. They give you structure for accepting requests from other people. They give you structure for communication and guidelines. They help you create a board. They also hit up enterprises that want to have a say in the product. So people like the Apache foundation or the Linux foundation will basically create a group of corporations that are using the product that's open source and they'll say put some money into the project and now you get a spot on the backlog. They facilitate this openness but they also get feedback from the users and a better understanding of where things belong in the backlog and they can build this great product. Pretty interesting. They want to attract other corporations to get funding. But also, you probably want to reduce the single point of failure narrative. If I'm a single corporation, that's kind of terrible. My project could be at risk if I feel my project built. Who's going to take this over? Organizations like Apache, Mozilla and so forth reduce this risk. Makes sense. So where a project resides, this is always my favorite. You cross out these two things. One is this war. I'm like, where should source code be? Microsoft is like, we're not doing it anymore and Google is like, yeah, I guess I'm doing it better. And that's where all these projects are now hosted. Microsoft and Google and Facebook, all the big players host other open source projects on GitHub. Pretty compelling. I always point to Go Mix and Glitch. They are a project out of FogClean. FogClean makes FogBugs that also made Trello a small site called Stack Overflow. This is a cool project that basically allows you to take open source and remix it. Right now it runs Node.js and that's the kind of source code you can use. But if you're interested in grabbing another person's source code and not worrying about running it on your desktop, it'll run in the cloud for you and you can change it.  It's really a cool project. It's a great idea. And then you have these things called package managers that are basically language specific ways to pull source code. So if you're writing Python or if you're writing PHP or if you're writing Java you have a package manager that handles the libraries, which are generally open source. These are your dependencies underneath the hood that your language will use. They're abstraction layers that make stuff easier. So how does a product become open source? So once it is how do you keep it from falling over? So this slide is all about pointing to the concept of ask questions.  Who should own it? What license should they use? What's my governance model?  What type of community do you want to create? There's lots of different types of communities. There's communities with boards. There's communities that are fully open source and everyone has an opportunity to speak. Hard to scale. There's communities where a corporation kind of runs the project and community is really users that give them feedback. But they're not open to code changes. There's lots of different styles to creating these models. Business models. Pure play open source. Just buy me a beer. This thing is free. No worries. Do your thing. Community open source. This is the foundation narrative. The patch of Linux, Mozilla, so on and so forth. Subscription. Hosted software as a service. WordPress does this. Ghost, Sandstorm, which did this to failed. They didn't do it in a way that's scaled for them. And then multi-license open source. So at core, it's free. But there's closed source value at. You take something like distributed cloud platforms. That sounds really complicated. Great, because it is. But the problem is getting those things spun off and scalable in a big cloud. That's really hard. What you see now is a lot of companies taking these big projects and saying, here's the source code, here's how you set it up. But we're not really going to tell you how to tune it or make it scale. I have this thing that's really hard and I have this other thing that's the same thing, but it has an installer and that costs me some money. Great, it's an installer. I'll double click and run through it and I'm good to go. So that's the idea for open source core, closed source value at. You have organizational ownership benefits. Why do I want to patch you to hold this thing? Why don't Mozilla do the things for me? What's the value of giving my storage code to an organization? Ultimately, there's less headache. It removes the narrative of subjectivity and you can build and not worry about all the other stuff surrounding it. It lowers your time to value. You want to build something valuable? Great. You're not interested in creating a governance model. I don't care about the people. I care about the product. It depends. Some people want it and some people don't. People have different ways of viewing it. This is the narrative of governance. Where we govern the project in a specific way. That really big takes the project's future. You look at two sides of the coin. We have a chaotic environment with a ton of stuff coming in. It's super innovative. We have a very high level of risk but very low inertia. Versus a very structured and process driven environment where we have a very low level of risk and a tremendous amount of inertia for innovation. Risk and inertia have different ways of flowing. Inverse relationships. And then we have licensing. Cool. This is a cool topic. If you're sleeping, try to wake up. We have two types of licenses. On the left side which is very extreme you can think of this as a very liberal way of looking at things.  I don't care. You take it, you can distribute it, you can print it on papers and throw it above New York City on New Year's Eve. I don't care. You can make a product on it and charge for it. Fine, you can change it. I don't care what you do to it. That's a very liberal way of thinking about things. It's open. It's free. I don't care. I have no narrative. I have no opinion. Then you have a very conservative and structured way of thinking about licensing. Which is you have the source code but if you're going to make a change you have to bring it back to the original product. Anything that this source code touches also gets the license. It's called the GPL New Public License which last slide. So let's say I have a product and I want it to actually be successful. What do I do? So there's lots of different ways to make open source projects successful. Contributor license agreement so that people going in know the rules. Super important. Empathy. I didn't talk about that at all. Empathy is a big buzzer of it. It's like everything that I know I learned in kindergarten. Like being empathetic to your project, to your users but to your contributors. The people that are giving you feedback is super important. So we have all these great ways to do that. I think this is my favorite which is this idea of learn and teach and teach and learn. If you teach other people and you make the world a better place and you give people feedback and you're open and honest with your thoughts you make projects better. I point to this because this is so awesome. This is Rob. He worked on Cloud Foundry with me and he had this. These are just two links. There's a heart that's green and a heart that's broken and red. We're thinking of doing something. Is this okay? Or is this a terrible idea? All I have to do is click and I can give that feedback. He has this routing tool like an app that does the rest. That's really easy. It makes these people the contributors and the customers give them a voice by clicking a link. That's pretty cool. You create that feedback loop, that pipe that gives people an opportunity to provide an idea. So thanks. That's me. That's Richard Stahlman playing a flute. That's my Twitter. That's my LinkedIn. That's my Gmail. Please feel free to hit me up below or tell me how awesome or terrible you felt my fiber. They're on SlideShare as well if you want to take a peek. Thanks to all the people who helped me. Thank you for having me. Can we ask you time for questions? I got a thumbs up. If anyone has any questions, I might have answers. There's a lot there in that question and I'm going to repeat it back just to break it down. What's the incentive for me as a developer to open source my code? What's the incentive for the companies? Great question. Let's answer the first question. As a developer, what do I want to do this? What's my incentive? I'm trying to find a good analog. Artists create because they feel compelled to create because something inside them gives them a spark and they use that spark to light things on fire. That's a pretty heavy analogy, but they create. Developers developing writing code is a really creative process. It is cerebral. A lot of people think it's they call it going into the zone. Your sense of reality changes when you develop software. When you write code and you have a full picture of understanding of a mental model that you've created. A lot of people want to share that and the same way artists want to publish their art. I think that's probably the first thing. I'm not going to call it ego, but I think it's partially like I feel strongly and I want to share with other people. With that said, if you look at this is part of the narrative that I've been weaving, the surface area, I think this thing is great but I don't know how projectors run or TVs work, but I want people to help me get there. That's really as a creator their incentive. Corporations want to give engineers platforms. They want to make people feel good about working there. They want to give opportunities to people who are working there to say your code and your project is relevant to the rest of the community. We should be exposed and we should have an opportunity to start getting feedback from other people. We create feedback groups. We reduce our risk. We have communication. That's why corporations I think are ultimately very compelled and as long as the project has an appropriate license and is done in a way that is legally sane lawyers are like what's going on? But once you've found that safety space it tends to work really well and marketing teams love it and recruiting teams love it because it brings talent in. Because I can find out who created and who added to a project and be like hey, I see you like our project and you want to work on our company. You're talented. You already understand how we think and how we build software. Marketing teams like it because it's warm and fuzzy we're giving back to the community. We're putting effort in and not asking for too much fat. As a business you have these two things that ultimately it's an engineering multiplier. If a project is really good and we don't have enough resources internally at an organization to keep building it like I said surface area exposed to the community knock on a couple of doors and be like hey, what do you think? Pretty interesting. You don't see ads for a lot of this stuff but I expect eventually we're going to start seeing ads on websites to point developers to a certain source code project. Why not? Spend a dollar or get 20 lines of code. Generally that costs like $150 an hour in New York. You know, an investment. Yeah, I think you have to define the narrative control what that means, right? Because if you use GitHub or a lot of other open source platforms people can fork the code they can take the project and create their own project but the question I ask is what's the threat to somebody forking? If it's horrible and dangerous maybe that's not a good fit for the community maybe that's not a good fit to put in the open. I think you have to ask yourself a question and also why is control important? I think another question you should ask is what are our metrics? What does success mean for this project? And what are the negative success? What are our goals? What are our anti-goals? If it's taking up a developer it's like three or four hours of developer's time every day maybe this isn't like maybe we need an alternative approach here and GitHub specifically allows you to turn issues off and allow pull requests that should be turned off. If you're in an organization which is a little apprehensive you can say listen we're going to start as an experiment keep everything open and see what happens I was in an organization who was terrified of open source and I said what's the worst case? What's the anti-pattern? What do you not want to happen? Great I'm going to track it and send you a weekly report and tell you what's going on and we put it out and there was like three people who commented and one of them found a bug and I went to the executive team like listen we saved ourselves about five hours and the single person pointing out a bug we have created an engineering resource from this project and it took me 20 minutes to answer a couple of questions okay there is benefit but that's a whole other thing in itself how do I create an open source transformation in my company that's kind of like not into that and the narrative is it's an experiment let's talk about metrics what are our goals and anti-goals and who is responsible that's always very important right any others? yes the gentleman in the blazer okay yes what did you mention before sure when we look at product goals and the things that this thing that we built does right what does it do we have to ask the question can it do more and do we want it to do that thing now when you're talking about blockchain and cryptocurrency and these kind of systems that is the core of why people fork right they want it to do something different from its intended goal and I think that's where you look at the narrative of forking over all in projects where people fork and change and they continue to commit and build new because they have a different philosophy right you have put an amazing stake in the ground but I want to move that 20 feet away and it is anti of your philosophy it is not the thing that you believe in hopefully people who fork have conversations and say listen I know you're doing XYZ but I think A, B and C are also pretty awesome would you be interested in collaborating and building that some groups are like no that's crazy that's out of spec that's not something I'm interested in fork so I think that's where it's very hard to say there are predictors but I think predictors are downstream from resources and philosophy how opinionated is your approach to creating the product if you have tremendously strong opinions people might fork because they might disagree I think that's the way you look at it that's a good question


What's up, everyone? It's your girl, Kenzie here from Layton Sports Cards, and I'm ripping a couple personal boxes for Chad C. We've got a 2021 Topps Chrome Sapphire Edition Baseball, as well as a 2020 Topps Chrome Update Sapphire Edition. All right, best of luck, Chad. Here we go. Let's start with the 2021. Some rookie color. Let's see it. Rayu, Garcia, Kershaw, and rookie of Johan Ovito. Ovito. I always say Ovito because that's just the town. There's Ovito. There you go. Juan Soto, Rookie Otto, Luis Camsuano. Nice one there, Padres, you know, Chad. Luis Camsuano, Simmons, and Starling Castro. Again, every one of these cards will get sleeves in top order for you. Got Luis Brinson, Walker Bueller World Series, Travis Arnaud, and a Michael Panetta. Ozzy Albys, Mike, bless you, Fully Newitz, Newitz, Mike Minor, and Royals, team card. Xander Bogarts, Galvis, and a Ryan O'Hearn. Subcard collector. We are ripping until 3 p.m. and then Sam starts at 5 for group breaks. We've got Jordon Alvarez. We've got Orange coming up from the back here. Miami Marlins Karn. Orange, come on big rookie. We've got Astros Color Match here of Jose Altuve. That is one of 25. Bunch of Altuve's coming out today. Beautiful color match there for you, Chad. Nice. Apostle, a Leblanc, Harrison Bader, and a rookie of Julian Maryweather. Last pack here of the 2021, and we'll get into your 2020 update. Um, Giancarlo Stanton. A Doolittle, rookie of Zach Burdy, and a Scott Kingery. All right. 2020 update. Orange in the first pack. Rodriguez, Tracy Thompson, pull from the back. Theran. Got Orange. A Kyle Crick for the Pirates. On the Orange. That is two out of 25. Dustin Garno. We've got Jump On Six. National Celebrate Six, Five, Walk Off, Win. Mark McGuire, and rookie of Kevin Ginkle. Theran Score. Rookie of Frank Schwindle. We have here Brace Harper All-Star Game. And a Sandy Leon. Sandy. Georco. Chris Sale. Big Papi All-Star Game. And Cody Belanger on the All-Star Game. Jordan Montgomery. A Kenley Jansen. Anthony Rendon. And Aaron Bummer. What a bummer. What a bummer. Alex Reyes. Albert Pujos. Brendan McKay Rookie. And Giancarlo Stanton. Muslimique Football. I can check for you after this. Cabrera. Kyle Wright. We have here, we've got a James Marble rookie auto for the Pirates. Pirates box here. That rookie auto in the orange. Brian Johnson. Got rookie of Nick Dini. Plutko. Josh Taylor Rookie. And a Cherinos. All right, that'll do for your boxes, Chad. Thanks again for hopping in and for your patience. We'll get these right out to you.


Hi everyone, this is Yashini and this year I have secured 57th rank in civil service examination and these are my last minute tips for prelims examination as it is hardly 10-12 days away. And my credibility for this video, my first attempt I failed prelims and in the next attempt I scored 161 marks in prelims for one. So here are my few last minute tips for prelims. So I am dividing this into two parts. First, what we can do now before the prelims and second part what we can like plan to do in the examination hall. So before the prelims at the moment the first and very important thing is please be calm. Do not panic. You would yourself be surprised how much wonders your mind can do if it is free and like it can analyze freely. So its efficiency will also increase and you will not make silly mistakes. So it's very important be calm. If you have not studied whatever you had planned to also be confident on whatever you have studied and do not panic now. Second thing would be revision. Revision is something that I want to stress upon the most. It is very important that you consolidate whatever you know, whatever you know revise it so that you can remember the minutest detail of it. UPSC has an act for answering such questions with minute minute details right some which article or salary allowance this of high court judge or Supreme Court judge which one is charged on the consolidated fund. So that's my new minute details like only salary but not allowance or only office and not pension. So these things it would come these minute details will come only through multiple revisions so revise keep revising my advice would be do not read anything new at the point it would only lead to confusion. Okay so revise revise theory certain parts of the syllabus it's static in nature right quality history geography these are static so revise theory current affair booklets if you have been reading revise current affair booklets all the government schemes important news revise them again at least 20 years current affairs and question papers also if you I think now it is high time that we can stop practicing more and more new question paper. There are so many question papers and resources available in the market it's by no way you'd be able to finish all of them so whatever you have read until now revise them. Especially those mock answers mock mock questions where you did not know the answer to our you could not solve it revise those questions also. Okay so now is the time to revise and consolidate your learning so for this now that we have very less time left it's very important to schedule your. Time also that is a good thing scheduling or time management okay now we cannot waste time on we cannot waste time on anything basically so do schedule your preparation like last few days how do you utilize it to the maximum. To the fullest for example what I used to do is last 10 years last 10 days of the exam I would have a schedule like this for example if on the 10th day. Exam is the brilliance is there so 90 I would keep it as a buffer okay eight day I would read history. Seventh and eight day I would read history because these like small small points I need to remember so I would do it at the end so history. I do like on the seventh and eight day just before that three days I would do a quality because quality again requires like remembering constitutional amendments and articles and all those things so so and first day for example I would keep geography or economics because I felt fairly confident in that so this was what I did like this was my schedule of preparation. The last 10 days you know your strengths better and you schedule it according to your requirements okay and the last they keep it I used to keep it as buffer because any day like I'm having a spillover. I could not finish the intended portions on for example today so that doesn't affect my whole plan right so I always have this buffer for this to fall back on okay and these are pandemic times so one very important thing you should. Keep in mind is avoid unnecessary exposure or proud at the moment eat healthy avoid unnecessary exposure like we don't want to miss the exam for any untoward reason right so keep yourself safe and healthy and if you have not changed your sleep cycle yet. If you are one of those night hours and like you have not changed your sleep cycle please do it it had cost me one attempt. I like I could not keep myself awake during that time because that was my sleeping time so try to change your sleep cycle good eight hours sleep if you have not done and try to wake up before. Eight seven eight just as per the table okay and coming to the next point one very important thing is to have a plan ready. You would have solved many marks by now and if not also you should you might have an idea how are you going to approach the exam so one important thing is keep the plan ready so what I mean by that will come. I'll explain now so this is what we should we could do in the 10 days prior to the prelims exam so what we should do in the what we could do in the prelims hall is one as I said keep the plan ready what was my plan for example. Like that plan is what it's not a strategy as such but it is now you can like when I was doing it was not a strategy but now that I was success like it became a strategy you can find your own like that. So the plan keep the plan ready okay what I used to do what I had planned was every 30 minutes I'll attempt 30 questions so that like in one and a half hours I can attempt all the hundred questions I can have a look at all the hundred questions okay so like that how you would manage your time. Keep keep a plan ready how you are planning to go about the paper and for example tough questions difficult questions if they if they were I would mark them and I first finish all the questions that I know and then come back to the difficult questions at the end. Okay so like that you also think how do you how you would work out and one important thing to note here is do not keep too little time to mark the bubbles like only last 10 minutes last 15 minutes if you do like that then you might not be able to circle all the bubbles that is such a waste of time or if you managed to do also you might end up making mistakes in the bubble so always keep adequate time for marking the bubble also and if you are like if you do not know answer to a question very well or if you are having confusion in one question do not waste too much time on that see like 30 minutes 30 questions you can have only one minute per question right on an average so instead of wasting 10 minutes on a question to mark see you can do like five more question 10 more question like 1020 marks so don't compromise on that like proportionately adequate allocate time so first do all the questions that you know and then you come back to the difficult part. So the second thing is like expect the unexpected okay in prelims exam don't go into the exam thinking that I'll know answer to every question and if you don't know answer to every question don't get panicky or don't get scared it's perfectly normal okay so in any prelims paper I think there will be at least 30 40 questions which nobody would be knowing the answers to like 100% so here what we can do is one thing is keep your theory like keep your theory ready because these are the questions that everybody would be like almost everybody would be doing it correctly everybody as in the word be like those who would be going forward. So every almost everybody will be doing this correctly static parts and theoretical parts so you don't lag behind on that, keep this form and on the unconventional part, which, which are difficult questions. So there you can, there you can eliminate a lot by using common sense also I am not in support of like blind guesses but logical deductions yes you can arrive at, for example, I like to substantiate that by an example. Last year one question was there okay on AIB so Asian Infrastructure Bank so we know that AIB is a Chinese led initiative right so the question, the question was the question had three statements and based on that options one and two or two or three like that options rather. So we know that AIB is a Chinese led bank so even if you do not know all the three statements one statement was there that India is the largest shareholder in AIB. So even if you don't know the other three statements, you know that this statement is wrong for sure right India cannot be the largest shareholder in AIB Chinese led initiative. So that, that statement is gone for sure so if that one statement is gone whatever like option that doesn't contain that statement, you can have a like you can eliminate those questions, those statements those options. So, in my opinion if you have a 50 50 chance, go ahead. Okay 50 50 chance is a good enough risk. I do not support like blind guesses like where your chance of success is only 25% and like three four chance of failure. So, since such logical guesses, you can go ahead. I would like to give one more example. Another question was there on RBI very I felt it was a very difficult and complex question. I was not even able to comprehend the options there. But then one option it was on storage of payment related data. It has been it had been in news. So payment storage of payment related data. So, the, but one option was systems are systems should be owned and operated by public sector entities. Okay that RBI is mandated the system should be owned and operated by public sector entities. So this again we can think that RBI will not issue such a directive right not in post liberalization India. We are having private telecom companies private financial fintech apps fintech companies. So RBI will not mandate that systems are owned and operated by TSE public sector entity. So if you again eliminate those question it was very easy to arrive at the answer. The correct option. So do not the point I may trying to make here is the easy questions generally the static theoretical questions be very thorough with that because that will come through multiple division of the static parts of history and all those in geography. The seeds are well that order and all those things. So these static parts be consolidate that and be strong in that and unconventional questions do not be scared do not worry. You can always arrive at the answer by elimination. Okay. And little bit of logical reason you already have immense information with you. You just need to little bit use it. Okay. And so in the examination hall one very important tip is like to read the questions carefully. There is no alternative to it. Read the questions very carefully. For example, the first thing that I used to do when reading a question was I would first check and encircle like whether what is it asking if it is asking for incorrect option. First you circle that incorrect word, or if you're asking for a false option, first you encircle that false word so that you don't make any mistake there. So read the question carefully. See if it is asking incorrect or false options. And then one beware of that option. Okay. None of the above option that is very tricky option there like absolutely sure. The technique might fail there so beware of that none of the above option. And the other than that I think you should do well read questions carefully and be calm, be calm, do not be anxious or frightened. Everybody is on the same boat. Okay. And for the CSAT part. So I had an idea for like CSAT part also for, for example, for a paper one, a paper one I had kept time for revisiting and doing the difficult questions like that. But for CSAT, I did not keep time for revisiting I would go in one go only and after every two pages solving I would mark the bubble and go forward. But, and also it's not important that you solve each and every match. So adequate number of questions only we should do so do not waste time on solving like finding answer to each difficult question. So that would be my final advice at the moment revise be calm and keep yourself healthy. Have a schedule time schedule so that you don't waste any time and in the examination hall again have a plan of action ready what you are planning to do. Stick to the time limit do not give disproportionate time on any subject or any question expect the unexpected and be confident you already have a lot of knowledge and like nothing else is required. You already have all the knowledge only its application is required. Okay. So even if unexpected questions are there do not be scared. And if you are watching this video now and you are having prelims exam now the time is up break time is up please go back to your studies. This is it all the very best to anyone watching this. Thank you. Yeah, good, good great video. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. What title we can give for this video like some last minute tips or something we'll draft a title and I'll share that with you. What I can do. Okay. And we'll upload this pretty soon itself. I forgot to mention the blog thing. I have mentioned like that answer writing thing. No, you can just give it in the description. Sure, sure. We'll put that in both the descriptions in such a story as well as the tips video we'll add the blog details. Yes, sir. Okay. Thank you so much. Thank you so much. Thank you so much.


Celebrating 25 years of easements in South Dakota, that's a great thing. I think of easements as one more tool in our conservation toolbox. We have conservation programs entitled to the Farm Bill that allow us to solve individual particular problems on farms like equip, pay farmers and ranchers to continue their stewardship of their land through the conservation stewardship program, participate in a 10-year conservation reserve program, but now also talking about easements and really protecting land for the long-term. Some would say that those lands need to be kept in production, but really they're being reserved for future needs of this nation. It's important to think of conservation reserve easements as really reserved. They're held for a later time when we need it. In the meantime, they're providing great habitat for important species that need some help. So it's kind of a dual win. It's value for the taxpayers and it is value for individual landowners. It's a voluntary program and that's what's great because we also aren't looking for the best land. We're looking for that land that is not quite so productive or that landowners have struggled to farm in the past. Hello everyone, this is Matt Lohr and I have the great honor of serving as chief of NRCS. I had a chance to spend some time here in the great state of South Dakota this week and what a pleasure it's been for me to have a chance to see the beautiful countryside and to learn more about the issues that are very important to everyone here in the state. The main reason I came out to South Dakota to visit was for me to get a better understanding of the wetlands issues that are faced here in South Dakota with the compliance and highly rotable lands compliance. Obviously this has been an issue that you guys have been dealing with for many, many years and so it was very helpful for me to come and see firsthand. Being able to visit with the farmers who try to farm these areas, seeing their challenges and struggles and being able to work with the NRCS staff on their side was really enlightening for me. The cool thing about being here is even though there's a lot of challenges, NRCS and South Dakota has a lot of programs that can really help our producers work through some of these issues. As you know, EQUIP is a wonderful tool with practices that can help farmers be better stewards. Certainly CSP, South Dakota leads the country in CSP contracts that can help farmers really go to that next step with their incentives to make sure that they're farming the land to the best of their abilities and certainly one of the best tools that we have to work in these complex areas is easements. Certainly the Wetlands Reserve easement program. I know it celebrates 25 years this year that WRE has been in effect. I had a chance yesterday to actually go out and visit with the farmer who has easements on his land and be able to listen to him and work through the process and see the benefits of being able to have that better soil health, reduce the flooding, improve the water quality. More importantly make sure that land will stay a wetland and remain out of production for either 30 years or even forever. As a farmer in Virginia we have permanent conservation easements on our property because I understand the value and the importance of easements and for my family making sure that that land can stay productive for for the next many many generations. So just want to say congratulations on all your work. It's great to be here in South Dakota and see the practices that are being in place and certainly want to say congratulations to everyone who's been involved with the Wetland Reserve easement program for 25 years.


So I find it funny that sometimes certain things people do aren't considered immoral or unethical, but if a computer or a piece of software does it, a lot of people will say, oh, that's wrong or bad. For example, ad blockers. I use ad blockers. I'm up with most of you do. I recently watched a video, someone talking about how the average person doesn't even know what an ad blocker is, which blows my mind. Everyone should be using ad blocker. I post my videos on multiple platforms, but primarily people watch them on YouTube. And I have ads on my videos. You know what? If you block those ads, that is your choice.  Ad blockers aren't anything new. See, at any point when an ad comes on or a commercial comes on, I go this. And I don't have to watch it. And you know what? Back in the early 90s, I'd be watching TV, commercial would come on. You know what I would do? I would pick up the remote and I would change the channel. Try to find something else to watch while the commercials are happening and try to remember to go back and watch what I was usually watching. Sometimes you get into something else and you forgot that you were watching something else. Or you come back and miss part. In the late 90s, well then you had picture in picture. You know, you plug your cable either into the cable box or directly into the TV because you could do that back then. And another cable into your VCR and you can have two singles coming in and you can have one in a picture. So you're watching a show, commercials come on. You take your main show and put it in the little picture down in the box in the corner of your screen. And you can watch other things and you keep an eye on that and you know when your show comes back on. That's ad blocking. That's what you're doing. You're not watching the ads. There's nothing wrong with that. People have been doing it forever. You don't have to look at or listen to commercials. But you put a piece of software on a computer that does it and there's a lot of people out there who think it's wrong. They're like, oh no, it's stealing.  So you need to stop and think, is this really wrong or are you just being told it's wrong and you fall for it?


What's up everybody JC over jazby's case breaks calm 2021 tops tier one baseball just sold out This is a 12 box case pick pick a change number nine and again fresh case the whole 12 box case and Here we go guys. So here's a customer name So we had three teams that didn't sell we put them in a little R&B Which is the Oreo's Dodgers and Cardinals, but everybody else did by his team. Good luck near the customers in the R&B Right there. All right guys So Here we go tier one you show the tops logo now with this knife. I have to hide it It is a top sprake first one is Jackie Bradley Jr. For the Boston Red Sox When a Jeremy Dalton Varsal for the Arizona Diamondbacks to 300 that should be going to George. There you go, man Mike Moustakas out of 250 Cincinnati Reds Dennis without There's one box next one. Whoa, so that's three autographs Casey Meis four out of 25 little double patch and autograph Detroit Tigers going to Jeremy very nice. I Thought I was looking for a relic here, but it's actually a patch auto Sweet Casey Meis You got Starley Marte out of 300 Miami Marlins going to Jeremy and David Dahl, Colorado Rockies out of 300 Jeremy Next box three color patch Stefan Strasburg out of 25 Washington Nationals Tony Oliva Minnesota Twins Nate Pearson three out of 10 Toronto Blue Jays that's going to gray Andres Geminis about three ninety nine Cleveland going to Jeremy We got Tyler Stevenson for the Reds Dennis without one twenty four to twenty five Max Kevlar for the Minnesota Twins I don't think I've hit Orioles Dodgers or anything like that. Yeah, right? No, I don't think I have. All right, next one guys Luis Urius little patch there to three ninety nine and it's cold as hell in here Jim tommy Chicago White Sox going to Chris a little pinstrap in there And we got Eloy Haman is very nice 17 out of 50 a little Jersey auto Chicago White Sox is going to Chris. All right guys after this box or halfway through Yeah, a lot of twins back-to-back Chicago White Sox Still no RMBs. I'll get some all you gotta get some R&B teams going Ooh, Mike Trout someone about the angel straight up Robert Flores did That is 63 out of 199 Mike Trout piece of the Jersey Anything Mike Trout? We have Roy Alswald for the Houston Astros 300 Houston, there you go a nice pudge tier one autographs out of 75 for the Miami Marlins I'm sorry Florida Marlins. I should say Which is Miami Jeremy with the Marlins very nice here right there little Pudge Sweet All right guys, don't worry. We still have six boxes. We're halfway through Second half could be better Casey Meyes Why does sometimes when I open a new top loaders like has a cherry smell Evan why for the Seattle Mariners to 300 and Keston to 300 All right guys Carlos Correa for the Astros to 299 Houston Jeremy We have Devin Williams, I believe he won an out rookie of the year Milwaukee Jeremy with that one that is out of 355 out of 300 And Andres Galaraga Colorado Rockies addition to 300 It's gonna Jeremy Jeremy got a handful of teams in here He's hitting like almost every single one of them for love guys Andra McCutcheon little pinstripe To 299 96 out of 299 for the Phillies All the Fonto with that one. Oh, we've got a redemption Nick Heath to 300 for the Kansas City Royals Casey going to Jeremy and We have prime performers autograph of Elvis Andres Texas Rangers That's going to Jeffrey with the Rangers Three laughs guys Elvis, who do you think you are Elvis? Hunjin Ryu for the Blue Jays To 299 and the fact is we can't believe we haven't got enough Dodger yet. Not even Dodgers Anderson to Heta to 300 for the Rangers angels Tori Hunter Tori Hunter Two boxes left Corey Seager Dodgers finally won Dodger 243 out of 299 spot 3 gonna Robert Mancini Well, that's kind of the Positive side so it's so far by Billy is that no one bought these teams straight up So these are paid a fraction David Peterson to 300 for the Mets. There you go, Alan little Mets and Reese Hoshkins 216 out of 300 Phillies going on the phone All right guys one last box one last box. Good luck everybody Hopefully we can get some more R&B hits Good luck. We got for the Braves Dan Z swanson a 100. We have Kent Herbeck Herbeck, I should say for the twins to 300 And last one is Alex killer off I think we had one rats up right in the beginning bill, but it was just a relic I want to say he goes Jackie Bradley, but yes, no Yankees. Yeah I love all righty guys, and there you go So there was one hit for the R&B. It was a Corey Seager relic You have toward Hunter right there to Heta. I was Andres redemption Heath Andres Galaraga, Devin Williams, Keston, Evan White's Pudge to 75 alls Walt and yeah twins A lot of nice hits too as well. Eloy Hamenez, unfortunately got injured, but he's pretty strong Kepler Tyler Stevenson Nate Pearson David Dole Stony Mortay a little Casey Mice So appreciate it guys. That was tier one pick a team number nine on Jaspies case breaks calm