you know, Ethereum far too long. I've aged significantly and it has been a wild journey. And yeah, I've been using Solidity, I think since it started or since the very, very early, early, earliest versions. So it's been a very wild roller coaster of an experience and so in lots of different apps, lots of different stuff happened, but effectively after a little while, getting deeper and deeper into Solidity and getting deeper and deeper into how the EVM actually works, you know, you wanna go a little deeper and a little further and thanks to Chris and Alex, you know, UL has been an interesting pathway. So yeah, today I'm gonna present, you know, my extension to UL, UL Plus. You could call it a new language, but it's effectively, it's mostly UL, but with some extras, that's the way you can think about it. So for the agenda, we're just gonna do a little overview of UL, you know, what I really like as a dev about UL and what it is. And as well, the motivations for why there might, why there's justification for maybe an extension to UL, you know, objectives for this new language, a feature overview, roadmap and you know, where we might wanna take UL, UL Plus and then lastly, I have a special reveal of a project. So you guys are gonna see, well, kind of the reason why I want all these things and the reason, the sort of the result of doing it. So yeah, that's sort of the agenda. So yeah, with UL, UL is just an intermediate language. It helps Chris and Alex and the rest of the Solidity team sort of build Solidity and act as a nice sort of intermediate layer between assembly and some kind of reasonable language. And the things that really stand out to me about UL is just simplistic grammar. There really isn't a large grammar there. It's functional notation, it's low level. It manages all the stack work for you. And if you've ever tried, I don't know, computer science class or something managing stack, it's a goddamn nightmare. So it's great. It's easier to audit and formally verify primarily at the assembly level. So when I want to take a build that I've done and have people who do form of verification work with it, I find the produced assembly is much easier to build proofs out of than Solidity. So I think this is a big benefit. And I know there's tools that are on the way and that are constructed for Solidity and form of verification. But with UL, we can really do it right at the assembly level and just the produce build is really clean. So the compiler is simplistic. I love that I can open up the Solidity compiler and look at the UL section and actually understand exactly how it's breaking everything down and how it's going to ship off to EVM code. I think that that's a huge benefit for the community and the language to be able to have this really simple step. Solidity has obviously got a ton of features and it's working with a lot of different concepts. And this, of course, makes the compiler complexity, it increases the compiler complexity significantly. Whereas with UL, you're really doing more simplistic operations. This is minus the UL optimizer, which adds a bit more complexity, but of course you can just turn that off. And then it produces really efficient builds. So because it's just managing stack and you're effectively still using stuff right off assembly, you get these really tiny, clean builds of contracts. And I really do like that. Of course, you're not gonna get the safety you want, the language and compiler level safety. That you get from languages like Solidity, but you do get significantly increased build efficiency. So the deployment cost is very small. Shared memory and function macros. So you can actually, using UL and all show cases of that. But one big aspect is just sharing the same memory across many different functions. And I know Solidity can probably and eventually do this using some macro terminology. Or if it already does, I don't know, I haven't worked with Solidity recently, but effectively this is one of the big reasons and you'll see why in a second. And as well, just more precise stack control and management. So just being able to more in a fine grain way build applications and low level code and get a better idea as you build, how the stack is actually going to be managed because you know the UL compiler is actually very dumb. It's not doing anything special.  And that's basically the precision you get with UL. So some motivations for the extension to UL. So I love UL vanilla. The second I saw it and the second I started to work with it, I immediately loved it. And given that I've spent a long time with Solidity, I felt like as a developer, it was sort of reasonable for me to be able to extend my capacity and go further down closer to the EVM metal for experiments and for development and everything else. And I loved UL for various purposes. And I built the Fuel Optimistic Rollup, which is what I'm currently building. Most of the contract, about 80% of it is written in UL. So it's one function written in UL and then there's the few Solidity functions. And in our second build, which will be releasing this quarter, the entire contract's built with UL Plus, effectively UL, but UL Plus. So the lessons I've learned from that, I've kind of taken into this and said, okay, well, there's definitely a few things I would love in UL, but it may not make sense to have in UL. So first thing is management. So building large code bases with UL becomes very verbose, repetitive, obviously, because it's low level and it's going to not do a lot for you. So it comes with a lot of mental management as working with memory on a low level would always come with. There's not a lot of sugar. So there's many instances where you just wish there was a little bit of syntactic sugar and adding it would not be significantly less efficient. So it's not like we're adding on these really complex statements that have big concepts around them or anything like that. They'd be simplistic concepts and they just add significant notational value without increasing build complexity. As well, I think you can add sugar to something like UL because it has such a simplistic sort of base grammar, but that doesn't mean that it should be in UL because the reason why I think I love it and why other people will love UL for certain cases is going to be because of its simplistic grammar and that there isn't all these new concepts or expressions or anything on top of it, it's very simplistic. So this becomes kind of a motivation to say, hey, maybe there should be a little sugar or extension on top of this that's going to pepper in little things that just make building apps with this easier. And I will say too that I don't think it was the expressed motivation that UL would be used for application development or for things like scaling and rollups, but it really fits the bill in terms of what I'm looking for as a more lower level developer with Ethereum and for the express reasons, Bob. So of course, the design intention was not to put something really developer facing in front of everyone with UL was more, how can this be a nice intermediate step between assembly and the development of Solidity and or other languages? So that's just to note that. So as for safety, UL comes with little safety nuts. Of course, it's just, it's effectively a simplistic compiler over the assembly, over assembly. So, and then lastly, extensibility. So making an open source layer on top of UL that allows for a lot of custom language variants and plugins. So this you'll see is kind of something we're looking at. And it's something that I will, we're already kind of using with D-Type, which is an interesting new typing system. So these are the sort of motivations. And as well for Fuel Labs and the Autistic Rollup game, it's primarily about gas sensitivity and you'll see why in a second. And then as well, it's better for rollup contracts because rollup contracts require a significant amount of low level gas sensitive work in terms of breaking down proofs, a lot of cases where memory would be shared and where if you're copying fresh memory every time, that's going to really significantly add up. So you wanna be able to have a deeper level of control over what's happening in execution. And then lastly, I'll show it's fantastic for building stateless contracts, which are sort of, I don't think a concept that people are really working with yet because we're not really dealing with problems of scale just yet, but as you'll see, stateless contracts are what we believe is the future of decentralized app development and the future of, well, everything. So pretty important. Okay, so objectives for the new language. And we're almost through my dense point slides. So just hang in there if you're getting bored. So objectives for the new language. So philosophy, don't do too much. Value, just add sugar where you need it. Don't, you know, where it's only going to add maximal value. Don't add all this fun sugar up for nothing. You'll first produce valid, you'll build grammar, keep the grammar as close to you as possible so that we're not doing too much once again. Be extensible. So allow others to add in different layers on top. You know, I'm not gonna know every reason or feature that people want, but I do know that JavaScript is a really easy system to add and remove things. So, or it's a really easy language for others to contribute, socially contribute. So, you know, it comes with a lot of interesting potential experimentation and then as well influence. So if a lot of developers using a certain feature in ULPLUS, we could see maybe can that be carried over into ULL or Solidity in some format. So just being able to influence other languages. So the features of ULPLUS after that huge rant are as follows. So just all existing UL features, Enums, Constance, and Ethereum, ABI generation, the hash generation, Safe Math. So you can basically get Safe Math injected for free and you can turn that off as well. Any of these things you'll be able to turn off in the production compiler. Injected methods. So M slice and require and memory structures, which are the more sophisticated addition and will be expanded to support ABI encoding and a few other different kinds of structures, D type structures, et cetera. So as I said before, ULPLUS is just a layer on the UL Sol compiler. So we've written ULPLUS in nearly, which is me actually there, which is a nice sort of grammar parser. So the grammar is constructed in this grammar language, which is sort of a hybrid between JavaScript and their own language. And then we break down the UL code that way, add a layer of features on top that gets compiled to ULL and that's it. We're really not doing anything more than that. So to cover some of the features. So here's what enums look like. We've kind of kept most of the notation similar to UL. So just enum, colors, et cetera. So it'd be zero, one, two. And as well, constants. So just adding the const specifier. So this does two things. One, with constants, it will, if it's a literal, i.e. a number, hex value, something like that, it will just do injection across the build. If it's not a literal, so it needs to be run in execution, then that is going to be set as a let statement, but we'll look out for other things trying to reassign. And so that's the current way we're handling it. I'm sure there's more that can be done there, but that's practically the basic idea. ABI signature generation and topic generation. So still all vanilla UL, you can do fun things like write sig, and then effectively a solidity function, which is how it's getting parsed. This is thanks to ethers.js's solidity function to ABI parser. So you can effectively write what you believe that function is in vanilla solidity. It's sort of a header and then that's going to get compiled down to its signature and do all the checking, et cetera. Same thing for topics and the topic hashes. So it'll do the topic hash generation as well. So this just makes handling, readability, all that sort of stuff, just cleans up a lot of jargon that you're gonna get if you just tried to do it with hashes because you'd really have to prespecify like this hash is this thing. So these are nice little generations and that's just going to do a literal injection there, which is quite nice. So save math by default. So if you're just using add, sub, divide, et cetera, it's going to basically change that method name in execution and inject the save math methods above. So it'll switch ad over to save ad and then you're running that. However, you can turn it off and you can use features like unsafe ad. So you're just specifying in the literal sense, hey, this is, I want unsafe here, so give me unsafe. And of course you can just turn it off outright if you don't want it. So really flexible on the basic things like save math and overflow and underflow checking. And with this addition, I want it to be as hands off as possible. I don't want to be maintaining this magnificent addition to Yule, I just prefer that it gives us the flexibility to add what we need, create low level builds and then move on with our lives. So some methods getting injected and another feature. So mslice require, so all mslice is just, is effectively just shifting, shifting right by a certain amount of bits. So here I'm just taking the first four byte signature, just grabbing it from the call data that's copied to memory. So doing little things like that, mslice is great for, it's just, I use it so much in my builds that it just had to go into injection. However, these methods can be changed in the compiler settings, the injection settings, and you can turn them off and you'll be able to basically specify like, okay, or you'll be able to go, hey, I don't use mslice at all, so it'll never get injected. So you have many different options with what's being added onto the Yule language here and require as well. So it'll be able to specify like, hey, the statements, whether it's true or sure not, and then you can specify an error message and we've chosen a simple error system here where the error basically, you put a huge string in there, it's just going to hash that string, take the first four bytes and then use the first four bytes in an injected literal in the require statement. So that's all it's doing. And then at compile, it will give you, it will give you all the errors in their hashes and it'll give you all the signatures and their hashes. So you still get all the sort of luxuries that you would get from a solidity like compiler environment using SIG and error and these sort of injected systems, but they just come in little clean packets out at compile time. Of course, we can standardize notation there and make sure that all the builds are up to spec they produce nice arrays and everything else of all the APIs, but even right now, just with this basic injection, we've been able to do quite a bit. And then lastly, the most sophisticated thing we've done, and this is going to change over time. Right now, you will, in the later versions of solidity compiler support types and they're basic types, but they're still types. So right now, you will, it's just all, it's typed, but it's all, at least in the builds that we're producing, it's all the same type. So it's one, it's only one type. But of course, as we go along, we're going to add in that typing and we're going to add in as well some custom typing with the enums, m structs and you'll be able to do some basic custom typing. So I think that'll be a really nice addition. It's really not that hard. It's just haven't gotten the time yet to switch it. So right now, this m struct notation is sort of in a non-type setting, but it will be in a type setting after. So basically what we're doing here is we're just specifying and describing an existing structure in memory or a structure that may come into existence in memory. So right here, we have some complex data. Maybe that complex data has a signature, it's four bytes. Maybe it's got a value that's 32 bytes. So maybe it's got an array-like structure with a dynamic length and an array where you have 10 bytes for each item. So this allows you to describe a lot of what structures would be popping up in ABI. However, this doesn't have offsets yet where you can specify dynamic offsets for each property, but that will come as well. So you'll be able to get a nice sort of recursive, offsetted memory structure description and I think that that's going to add a significant amount of value to ULPLUS. So right now, it's more just keep it basic and just see how this can be used and this is what we're gonna build a lot of our roll-up with. But in the future, you're going to have full-fledged ABI and not only that, you'll be able to specify your own ABI encodings and you'll be able to specify our typing as well. So these would turn into instead of four and 32 and 32 and 10, it would go to something like a bytes for or it would go to like a U32 and U256, et cetera. So that's really where the typing's going to come in and then here we have the usage. So the usage is really cool. It's just the structure name, so complex data, dot. So the dot notation is already supported in UL, so we're not doing too much here from a sugar perspective and then signature. So there and then we're just putting in the start of where complex data as a structure begins. So this makes managing memory at a low level just really, really, really easy.  So you can say, give me the position of this particular value, you could say, give me, I'm sorry, array should be R there. You can say, hey, give me this item within this array at this position. You can say, give me the array length, you could say hash this particular value or hash the entire complex structure. It'll just do all the positioning for you and it'll inject those functions. So it's really just a function generator and what we want is a system where you can tune that generator the way you want it because we can't expect everyone to use all of the systems in the same formatting. However, ABI encoding at present does most of what we need. Unfortunately, when you get into rollups, the ABI encoding falls short because it's not tight packed. So this is something we can go over in the discussion but that's effectively what's up there. So roadmap and future language exploration. And by the way, how am I doing for time? Am I ranting too much? No, you're good. You have five minutes to go and then anyways go into the your discussion. So it's gonna be great. So I'll get through this as quick as I can. So basically we're gonna add this ABI in string specifier. So this will actually generate an M struct based upon the ABI you specify and then you'll be able to then use those structures and existing memory, which is really cool. So this is great for call data and parse and call data and doing all that sort of work. As well, you'll be able to, it's extensible. So you'll be able to plug in your own typing system like D type. The objects will be extensible. So we'll introduce some basic extensibility. It'll just be copy and paste extensibility. So it'll just follow the expressed ordering and just inject it. There'll be tiny packages. So we'll do a tiny little package manager and it might support as well the ETHPM package manager because I know it can handle this sort of thing. Better CLI supports and low level customized version of remix. So remix is great and I like the way it's configured. But I think yet we could have yet another lower level oriented version that I think expresses what's changing in execution over time with better gas metering and so forth. So, and then the big thing as well, types, types, basic custom types and memory pointer types, which is what we're gonna discuss next. So that's the roadmap. So now for a special reveal of some stuff that we're working on here at Fuel Labs and we think will be a game changer and I'll try to present it in four minutes. Here we go. So using our UL Plus tech and our low level code, we were able to roll up ENS. So we now have a version of an ENS registrar and Nick Johnson knows all about this and we'll be releasing this soon. And basically it cuts the cost of ENS registration currently in half, but that will be even more as we get it more efficient. And as we kind of go further, it's a system that has got a lot of features. And this is sort of the usage of why UL and UL Plus and these lower level languages is so important. Because as Ethereum scales, as we go to 2.0, as we go to a world where we're in a more stateless environment using a lot less state rights, all of this becomes very, very critical. You won't be able to use state the same way. So you're gonna have to get creative. So Spark ENS, so what is it? Stateless, verifiable, and cheap ENS registrations. So basically we've knocked the cost of registering a name down at good gas prices to about 0.001 cents per name. So 10K gas. And right now we're sitting at about 45K gas per name. So this is pretty significant savings. And name registrations can be matched. Like I personally love like getting face to face time if you can call this that. But yeah, I don't think it's like the end of the world if... Oh, sorry, is someone talking? Sorry, whoever is talking. I would say this is the usual time right now. Yes, this is the usual time. Okay, Nick, I muted everybody and now you have to unmute yourself again. Great. And then it should work. Great. Okay, can you guys see me? Yes. Can you hear me? Okay, great. Still got it? Okay, great. So the way this works is using a sparse merkle tree and some kind of encoding. This is a... Well, you can get 16 characters in with compression but you lose certain names if you do that. It's EIP 712 compliant and it stayed optimized. So the entire thing, the entire contract it uses one state mod. So you're literally registering potentially millions of combinations of names and we're only doing one state write on Ethereum. So we believe that this kind of design is the way that Ethereum apps and EVM apps should work. We shouldn't be using millions of state writes on Ethereum, it's not sustainable. The way that the client manages state as we've seen is a huge bottleneck because of random access state memory. So this sort of state optimized design where you can have millions of E&S names being registered under a single state mod is sort of the way we think it should go. So here you can see we have our one S store that we use for the root and then you're deriving the names and a name is broken down by an encoding scheme to a specific number which is going to be your number of where this is included in the sparse merkle tree and then that's going to resolve to your name data. So this simple use of a sparse merkle tree to increase the efficiency of things like E&S will present massive value at I think as we move closer to scale and just making things a lot cheaper. I mean, instead of paying something like one cent per name or things like that on a bad gas day you're paying a lot less for that. And for people like wallet developers and stuff this is a pretty big deal. So I can go into this a little further but effectively looking at some of the sparse E&S contracts all this will be open source soon under Apache 2 and you'll just be able to really check it out. But here I'm using the enums you can see I'm using M slice you can see I'm using the SIG generator and you can see I'm using that M struct formation a specifier. So I'm really all these things that we're building into language we're really using all the time. Here's more M struct usage taking in the registration and doing the batch work and as well adding in safe math where necessary adding in these nice little multi M store bits of sugar and then doing the required statements and so forth. So instead of doing M store zero M store zero plus 32 M store zero whatever you know how M store is going to function so you can just do some nice quick sugar there and it just makes the notation so much easier we know what it's going to do. So considerations so I'll just try to wrap this up. So basically as we move into what we believe is a new era contract development which is stateless contract development or using one to two state rights for an entire system. So imagine you imagine a dex using only one to two state rights something like that. You know we basically you know we believe that scalability is going to be key. Designing for scalability is going to be key. Reducing S stores, reducing S loads and getting to a point where the execution is very clean it doesn't cost a lot and it can last a long time and be formally verified. So yeah stateless contracts woo and yeah our sparse E&S system should go up in about a week or so so you can get a demo and you can try it out on Rob's and Goorley. And you know I think that's really to set the bar and the reason why we're doing things like UL Plus and kind of focusing on that stuff. So if you want to use UL, UL Plus just save install UL P NPM. There's a UL Plus plugin which is awesome thanks to the D type team and UL Plus IDE which will build eventually into a lower level system GitHub, discussion, et cetera all the links are there I can post these slides somewhere. So I went a little over, I went three minutes over but yeah that's presentation, thank you. No worries and thank you so much especially for the info on the E&S stuff. You can stop sharing your screen now if you like and other than that are there any questions for Nick either and you can post your slides by the way on our Solidity Gita because we're using the Gita Chat to chat during the conference. So let's check in this room first. Any questions for Nick on UL Plus?  And let's also look into the Gita channel. So there was a discussion going on in the Gita channel about basically the problem that like while UL Plus is a nice project I'm a bit worried about promoting developers to write low level code. Some of the Solidity mitigations are going to be missing and people will make mistakes. In my honest opinion this should come with huge warnings like what happens if someone is unlucky and writes two functions that generate the same function ID with Solidity he is going to be safe but with UL I suppose there will be no warning. There was already a little discussion on that but I wanted to give you the chance to also comment. Yeah, so I think safety is a big reason why Solidity needs to exist and the development safety that comes with having a compiler focused on new developers coming to Ethereum and new developers coming to the ecosystem and I think that that's critical but the thing is as you start to build these more complex builds and as you start doing development that requires a lot of sensitivity to gas and op codes and exactly what you're doing. Yes, it takes expert or will consider to be I think expert knowledge to do. There's not a lot of places to go to and there's not a lot of places to find languages that will support you. We had Lisp for a while and things like that which offered some language like options for working with assembly but UL really stationed itself nicely as an intermediate ground and then UL Plus is a sort of addition to that that makes it more human to use. So I wouldn't say this is something to be promoted for general developers. I wouldn't say that at all. Well, we can add a lot of the same safety protections into the UL Plus compiler just because humans are humans and even I make autonomous takes as I'm building. I think this is more for people who wanna go a little deeper.  They might really have a deeper knowledge of the EVM and they just need something with more precision but they also don't wanna be dealing with the baggage of working with just UL that's more designed to build languages. At least it was intended by defaults to be that. So I think that's my justification for this and why I think it's important. And as well as Ethereum devs move to more stateless out designs they will need the sensitivity and the precision and that's where I think UL Plus will really shine. So we'll hope to get enough safety in there for even more general purpose people to use it or general purpose builds but right now it is really more specifically for scaling, stateless apps and sort of deeper EVM development. So that's my rant. So I think you're wrong but I also think you're right. Yeah. Okay, we're running a bit over time but I see that Justin might want to comment on this again. Okay. Yeah, can you hear me? Yes, we can. Okay, perfect. Yeah, thanks for the presentation. Yeah, like my point is that like UL and UL Plus like this is a great project and when you're going to use it like you know what you're doing and like from your expectation like only people with some expertise are going to use it but my point is that you should kind of also when you are promoting and presenting your work on UL Plus had some huge warning just to be sure that like the people that are going to look at you and UL Plus must understand that they need like some level of expertise to use this language. Yeah, I completely agree. I know that some people are going to you know like with your blog post or like with some publication and see oh UL Plus is great I'm going to reduce like the gas cost and everything and they might not understand that they need like this level of expertise. So it might be just a notion of having more like running or having more like promoting it with like this huge wet flag. You need to know what you are doing when you use UL Plus, doesn't make sense? Yeah, I completely agree. I think we can slap massive warnings on everything from a developer perspective so that they know that that's the case. Yeah, and even UL too in many areas says the same thing. So because it's not, it really is for more experienced people.  This does like everything you could ever want use this, you know? So I completely agree. Yeah. Okay.


Thank you very much. Thank you very much. The program director and the leaders of the youth and students and young parliamentarians and young leaders. Thank you chair. My colleagues, MCS and leaders, youth leaders, good morning. My name is Moko Amosumaina, member of parliament for Saracen Chessie. That is an Nairobi CBD. I'm the member of parliament there. And you have a great inspiration to me. I've come from the ghetto too. And I've fought my way through. And I'm leading the first cause. And I'll be your passenger when you seek to live in Africa and you seek to relate to all leaders of Africa. I'll be your number one Soviet in Kenya. Thank you so much. Muenje, also the deputy chief whip, the minority whip. Welcome. Thank you very much chair. My name is Mark Muenje. I'm a parliament from the constituency here in Nairobi. My name is Kasi West. And recently I became the deputy minority whip. And I'm the air guest to the world, for example. Inspiration to us, for me, I'm not on the government side, but on the opposition side. We continue to set a good example for us young leaders in Africa. Thank you and welcome to India. Let's have Honourable Rezema, also part of the senate of this place. He was a very promising air leader. Welcome. All protocol observed. Good morning. Good morning. Senator Hesena LeMalitian from Suburban County, this youth senator in the Republic of Kenya. And I'm also known as the Queen of the North, Global Peace Ambassador, Goodwill Culture and Charity Ambassador for the Commonwealth. And I'm also still the reigning Miss Commonwealth of Kenya. I'm from the back of the town of Pan-Africanist. And I was coming here to actually attack Honourable Malema for touching on a very long nap during the election year in the period in Kenya, about Baba. He's excellent, the right Honourable Reila Molo Odinga. But I'm very inspired by his wisdom yesterday because I was very much of Malema in this country. When the economic situation is too hard, we cry to Baba. I remember you crying to Mama Mama and that is when I actually knew about you. But now that you're right on course, I want to say that you are inspiring a very strong movement of young Pan-Africanist and you are really empowering us. And I really hope that in your famous speeches, because when you speak, even the rats and snakes listen in this continent, you deconstruct the abuse of the Kaundasuit that only strictly Pan-Africanists can wear the Kaundasuit as a representation of the true position of Africans. And in this room today is the future of Africa and the future of this country. Regardless of our political divides, regardless of who our political principles are right now, this is the future of Kenya. So I really hope you take a very keen note on the abuse of the Kaundasuit because we do not want wolves wearing ships. I'm also the treasurer of the Kenya Young Parliamentarians and I'm honoured to meet you. Thank you. So, as they are pleased, under this lecture, I want to invite my good friend, Hon. Kaleb. Kaleb is serving in second town and he is also a member of Kenya's parliamentarian as town's Pan-African. Welcome, Kaleb. Thank you very much for this wonderful introduction. My name is Kaleb Almisi. I'm a member of parliament. I was in the left-western side of Kenya for support. We had time to go together because I'm actually heading there right away. I have about two minutes to be there for airports. But I decided to wait for you. I was telling you the time that I have come to South Africa in three times. And every time I come, I always look for you. Unfortunately, I've not been able to. I once met your colleague here, we had a good conversation and that time he said you were actually hiding. That's why I could not meet you. You can see I don't need to hide. When things go back there, please give me a call. You don't need to hide over here. But we appreciate what Tezena said. We were touched by some of us who have been in the trenches in the cold for a new order. So when we touched on our barbers, we were a bit down. But yesterday's speech, I've already been. I've got anything to give you. So please forgive me. What you said yesterday was anything. You are now forgiven. Please forgive me, you can walk around here. I just want to finish this. There was a post-doctorist, a social post-doctorist, by the name Alexander Went. He said that Anaki is what the states make of it. He had not met Mahlema because he would say Anaki is what Mahlema makes of it. Because where you go, you create Anaki. You create chaos. But you know that is what we need to do. We need to disturb the stubborn status quo until we get there. So Mahlema, you are not alone in this journey. When you tell me and you tell your members what you're telling them, it turns the speech is all over. So feel welcome. We'll come to South Africa and this journey we must complete it.  You've been there for quite a while. You've encouraged young members in these youths all over. You've been still on social media. You're a friend in all of them. So Mahlema, you just carry on. We support you. We must achieve. As an African continent, and we'll be there with you. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I also don't take a lot of time. I want to say that for Mahlema, I wish you had more time with the Kenyan parliamentarians.  We are close to 72 members of parliament. But because you mentioned something yesterday a number of those members have skied this event. But that is the beauty of our country, Mahlema, that we allow the freedom of speech and we also allow what we call positive criticism. But wrong, Mahlema want to tell you that the young members of parliament who were close to 50 wanted to come here because they see you as a vision. They listen to you. They listen to your clarion call on Pan-Africanism and they want to associate with you. And Mahlema want to tell you that you are not alone in this journey. And the journey itself, I want to say as a person who serves in the ruling party, the UDA and say that one of the people who are leading in the call for Pan-Africanism is the president but your Indians are going for drugs. Then you might have your doubts and I don't know why you've been looking for it because you said you were looking for it but horrible president we have come with him to South Africa we addressed the Pan-Africa Parliament and his clarion call on Africa to get sanity in terms of how it carries itself refurbished with everything and that is something that has not changed he repeated the same thing when he spoke in the UN and actually many African countries that are still languishing in poverty that are still cannot feed themselves I believe you agree in many things and I believe you are also afraid with his excellency the president on the issue of Pan-Africanism I also want to say that we need serious forums and exchange programs between our African countries


Captured Russian soldier testimony reveals mistreatment and harsh realities on the front line. An interrogation video of a Russian soldier captured by Ukrainian fighters exposes Russia's lies to its soldiers once again, Commander-in-Chief of the Ukrainian Armed Forces Oleksandr Sirsky shared on Telegram. The Russian soldier identified himself as Baliev Shamil Zakirovich, a 35-year-old private from the Republic of Bashkortostan, serving as a grenade launcher in the fourth motorized rifle brigade. Zakirovich said he signed a contract on November 2, 2023 due to financial difficulties and expected a rear deployment. Instead, he was sent to the front line as cannon fodder without receiving the promised payment. He detailed the regular mistreatment of privates, including constant beatings by the command. Everyone was kept in fear and was threatened to be ended, the invader said. He witnessed numerous instances of destroyed equipment and the corpses of fellow Russians while stationed at the front line positions. Zakirovich talked about enduring constant shelling, Ukrainian drone attacks and water supply problems, mentioning resorting to drinking their own urine due to scarce resources. My name is Baliev Shamil Zakirovich. I am 35 years old. I am from Russia, the Republic of Bashkortostan, the city of Duktyuli. I am a private from the Russian Armed Forces. I am from the Russian Armed Forces. The fourth motorized rifle brigade. The third motorized rifle brigade. The seventh motorized rifle brigade. I signed a contract on November 2, 2023 due to financial difficulties and expected a rear deployment. I wanted to close my loan. My loan was about 100,000 rubles, and my loan was also 200,000 rubles. I took the loan to buy a computer. This big loan. I took it from Russia. I had been drinking for a year. I went there and thought that I would serve in the army. In the end, they threw the same storm into the city. They were there until they took the guys from the 92nd brigade. They promised me 195,000 rubles of lifting. And then it turns out the same salary. In the end, I don't know, they paid me because they stole my card from the German army. I went to restore it, but the time required. I left the time. There was no phone either. There was no chance to find out whether I had it or not. They paid me 50,000 rubles. The rest of the money was on the card. I had 6 days until they took the guys from the military. 3 months of training. There were different battalions. It was just a shooting. It was all like that. It was already here in the village. I didn't leave immediately, but a week or two later, I said that I would be in the army. I was in the army. In the end, we didn't take the guys from the military. They were not profitable. They told us to take the guys from the army. We didn't take the guys from the army either. We just went with the machine gun. We got into a complete mess. A very strict attitude towards the personnel. It appeared in the commander's hands, first of all, because they took your little boy, they beat him, they humiliated him with different words. They were in a complete mess. They told us that we would die. We went there to die. They told us to die like we did.  There were a lot of statements about the patrol. The guy was the first to leave because of them. There was no movement. There were no complaints. There was a prosecutor against them. Maybe someone is covering them. They didn't know. Everyone was afraid. We were alone for 500 years. They found him and saw him. They didn't become 200 because they had no children. When he arrived in Bakhmut, I was in one of my houses. I didn't do anything. I was told that the rotation would change. I arrived on 15th of February. On 25th of February, I was in Bakhmut. Then they told me to gather two groups to make a rotation on the positions. They chose me. We went out in the wind. First we went to Bukhanka, then to Peshkom. After that we went to Peshkom. We were lucky. They didn't shoot us. There were no old people. They were 300 and 200. The first time we were in front of them was when we were in command of the Tamansk division. There were only 60 people in Tamansk. There were a couple of dozen of them. The majority of them were 200 and 300. I came to the position of the division. I saw the division of the division. It was good. There were a lot of things. There were tanks, wagons, beaks. There were a lot of corpses. There were a lot of corpses on the road. We didn't go there. The point was right in front of the road. There were a few more tanks. We ran and there were even flasks. The copters were flying. They were flying all the time. The group that we were supposed to change was also not water. The water was also not water. We had a lot of water left. We had a lot of water left. There was a problem with water. I didn't know who I would change. There were a lot of people left. I don't know what to say.  No one decided to go back. There were a lot of people left. After our 6 drones, we hid in the bandage. We were there for 3 days. The guys from the 92nd brigade took us from there. We saved the water from the storm. 3 days without water. We just hid in the bandage. We hid from the drones. Then we flew there. We threw the drones away. We hid from the shells. We hid from the shells. We hid from the shells. We hid from the shells. I can say that I was very happy. When the guys from the 92nd brigade told us to drink water, we were very happy. We took the drone. We didn't shoot it. We even gave it to the water. We gave it to the pizza. We saved it. We didn't have to go. It was a deep mistake. I regretted it a lot. My aunt and I talked to her. I didn't listen to her. Even the guys from the 92nd brigade told us to stop. We had to stop. How many people were left? We had to make a deal. We didn't understand. We had to protest. The guys didn't know what the situation was like. We didn't have a war. We didn't have a war. We had to stop choosing. We had to choose the same people. We had to choose the same people. Every time we had different people like in Ukraine, we had to choose one president. If you don't go and vote, it will write off your name.    There are more people in the camp. They say that there are better people. There are no conditions here, of course, if you say that I will not go to Perm, then here is a stop-run. Because it's scary, you shouldn't go here, you just don't earn anything. If you go there for money, you are very wrong. Here you can earn money, but not money.


So I'm 8-2-5. Hortsmouth Joggers. Eastley Running Club. Denmede Striders. Gosport Roadrunners. City of Salisbury Runners. Romsey Roadrunners. We've got Winchester and District to Athletics Club. Itchin Spitfires running club. Stubbington Green are here as well. Overton Harriers. Ferrum Crusaders are here. Alton Roadrunners are here. City of Salisbury White Roadrunners are here. It's so up-running, sister. I'm sure you're not hardly running. I'm sure you're amazing runners. Is that right? No, some of us can hardly run. Always good to have the vegan runners' club support here. Organisers of the 10K here today, this is Lord's Hill Roadrunners. These are the last people you want to see. Hurry up. It's a blazing hot Sunday morning in June. Welcome to Hampshire in the UK. Welcome to film my run at the Lord's Hill 10K. So, one kilometre into the Lord's Hill 10K. Lovely little run there through fields. I kind of expected it to be quite built up, having not done this before. But that was a nice little start. That's two kilometres down in the Lord's Hill 10K. Very well, Marshall. Thank you, guys. Have you done this before? No, it's the first time. What's your name? First now. Sam, who are you running for? Portsmouth. Portsmouth. You're not far away. So, it's running and wing walking. Yes, that's right. It's a very interesting combination. You're not at the same time. I'm there.  So, there we are. That's 3K into the Lord's Hill 10K. Hello. Pedge-end runners, yeah? Lead runners coming back in the 10K. So, we just passed the 4K mark, and the lead runners came past, and they were about the 5K mark in around 16 minutes. So, that is really fast going. So, they're going to finish in 32 minutes. A lot of races are going cut-plus now, but the Lord's Hill have decided to go bi-degradable. So, they are issuing cuts, but they are all eco-friendly. So, we just drove half way now, taking 24 minutes. Who are you? Sue and Sue. Sue and Sue. Sue and Sue. Great running. Keep it going. Well done, guys. Bye. And very nice and rural. That's 7km done. Who are you? Julia? Well done, Julia. 69 minutes. So, that's all good.  Yes, we were. How does this compare? The Lord's Hill 10K has been really well-marched. Very nice, very nice. Well-marched, really good. Thank you. I've done many a race after seeing your video. Cheers, buddy. Thanks very much. Partially open. Thank you. Have you eaten any of it? I'm not sure. I think you've had a nibble. All right, I'll let you off. Thank you. That is a lovely memento, isn't it? Kind of a cut glass, very nice. How did you find that? Hard work. Was that your first time doing this race? What's your name? There's a load of running clubs really local to each other, aren't there? Yes, we've got Lord's Hill runners. And a massive rival, really, I imagine. Yes, definitely. Well done. Oh, thank you, thank you. I love that perfect one. Well done, Overton Harriers. That's it from the Lord's Hill 10K here in Hampshire. I hope you enjoyed this video. Please do subscribe to the Film My Run YouTube channel. And come and run Lord's Hill 10K next year. Take care, bye-bye.


The study found that there is a lack of consensus among U.S. dermatologists on how to define and treat moderate plaque psoriasis, which may lead to undertreatment and unsatisfactory clinical outcomes for patients with this condition. This article was authored by Melissa L. F. Knuckles, Eugenia Levi and Jennifer Saung.


Hello everybody, welcome back. So I want to talk to you guys about what I might be doing in my mobile business and at-home practice That other dental hygienists are not doing or they are doing so what we're doing differently Because I'm sure at this point you have started to network with other dental hygienists who have their own business You might have even talked to me and asked me questions And we're all just sort of like networking talking and it's great to hear from as many different business owners as possible Because as with you we all have our own opinions. We do things this way. We do things that way But let me tell you some clear things that I definitely seem to be doing differently that I'm gonna talk about mobile hygiene first and then I'll go to my at-home practice just a couple things So for mobile hygiene the mobile hygienists that I've spoken to They don't stay a mobile hygienist for very long and they tell me it's because they couldn't organize their schedule Properly where they just couldn't stay to one city. They weren't busy enough staying in their hometown They didn't want to necessarily travel out to like 20 minutes away or half an hour away to go see other patients Or they just found that they weren't seeing They would have to go over like half an hour away for one patient and then come back for their second patient Then they would go to another patient all the way like 30 minutes the other way So they found they just wasn't worth their time So what I'm doing differently is I'm seeing patients one city per day or let's say they're 10 minutes because I live in an area where there's Places 10 minutes away like it's crazy like there's places all around me, which is perfect So I don't necessarily just go to one city a day, but within 10 minutes. I have no problem doing that I'm not gonna go one hour this way and then come back home in the middle and then go one hour the other way I'm not going to do that. That's not worth my time Another thing that I am noticing is other mobile hygienists are either charging too much in my opinion or too little So they might be charging a $55 mobile fee and they're wondering why they're not getting patients Patients are telling them they can't afford that mobile fee Especially if it's not covered by insurance.  I'll charge $25 as well if it's a difficult case like if I'm Going to somebody's home and they insist I see them in the basement So I have to go down several flights of stairs if I'm in an apartment building, you know It's not more difficult, but I have to lug everything like onto my wheelie thing It's just kind of a pain with the elevator, you know, so I'll charge $25 for that But I charge I don't charge too little. I don't think and I don't charge too much I was not charging anything at first because I thought I would bring patients in not charge anything for my mobile fee Try me out, but I realized, you know Traveling is tough, you know, you're in the car a lot your lugging equipment I should be paid for that so for that mobile hygienist who isn't charging their mobile fee at the end of the day They might be looking at how much money they're making how many hours they spent on the road and they might be going Oh, this just isn't worth it for me. I'm not going to do mobile anymore So that's a difference another thing is whether it be mobile or my at-home practice I guess it's kind of patients and insurance in general. I am now offering direct billing I don't mind doing the extra paperwork. It is a lot of paperwork. I'm not gonna lie to you If I didn't have all that paperwork, I could probably see more patients and make more money But I do plan to hire somebody someday to help me with that But a lot of dental hygienists are not offering direct billing. So when they're telling their patient Oh for a new patient exam, I'm just picking a number. It's gonna be $300. Well, that patient's gonna look at you like For what? And they don't really care if you direct bill to their insurance and they only pay the difference They're fine with that. But if they have to give you $300 cash, they just simply don't want to I do find they're okay to give the dentist that cash because a lot of dental offices don't direct bill But they're not okay giving the dental hygienists that so that's another difference that I do have I get more patients I feel because I do offer direct billing where I talked to other dental hygiene business owners who are still having a hard time Keeping their schedule full. They don't offer direct billing. I Kind of feel like that's related talking about my at-home practice I don't know a lot of hygienists that have their own at-home practice to be honest I just know a couple and I guess we're not really doing anything differently Maybe I'm slacking a bit those dental hygienists are seeing regular patients at their home I am not I actually prefer mobile because my at-home practice. I have two dogs One of my dog barks like a crazy person not the whole time but for five minutes I just feel uncomfortable bringing patients in if I don't know them I see patients in my own home who insist who really don't want mobile, but I warn them about the dogs first They're always fine with that or my you know friends family I see them in my own home, but I don't have a regular dental office in my own home where patients are coming in and out So that's what I do do differently. I actually prefer mobile So there you go you guys just some interesting facts for you. Please let me know if there's any questions I'm so happy to help and I'll talk to you guys in the next video


Please welcome our 2023 junior Titans cheerleaders to the field. Athletes ages 6 to 14 have worked alongside our 2023 Titans cheerleaders all week to create this amazing pre-game performance. Enjoy! Visit TennesseeTitans.com slash junior cheer to be the first to know about our 2024 junior Titans cheerleader program.


Karibuni tena, this is J.C. Sako Like we say, it's your favorite gospel channel This is my favorite part of the show The inspiration vibe of the day where you get to share a word for you So you can be able to also do your devotions during the day Apart from just listening to the song also You also need to read the word Naloutu na malizia our love series Just in case you missed any Please, kimiya tupale YouTube channel Y to 5-4 channel Kisa tupale gospel Inspiration vibe Our love series Naloutu na malizia our final part Our first part was love is action So we put our actions into into love We just don't love by words alone We love with actions as well Our part 2 was love is truth We love with the truth of God How do you know the truth of God By going back to the word And reading the Bible You get to know how God defines love for us And our final part Is love is unconditional He naeni gumu sana Na najoa na najoa Fiya kwa muna kwaangasazi gini ngumu Love is unconditional I love to go to say guys Have you ever gone to purchase something Or try to play a game Or just subscribe to Something or Ile time muna Jari muku download and app Kuna kwa gana ile terms and conditions apply To it there is no way you can actually purchase Or play that game So you have to subscribe Or you have to agree to those terms And conditions for you to be able to Participate or subscribe Or whatever it is that has those terms And conditions And unfortunately for us human beings That's how we treat people The same way With terms and conditions We put conditions on them For us to love them Kamahata kuja For instance We are meeting in town at 10pm Na we muenza muna I know there is no way I can love you So we put conditions on people The same way we put conditions on Material things of this world We put conditions on people Just for us to love them And you have to You have to be like this For me to like you I will not love you So if not We forget that Jesus Christ Is the true example Of love He does not love us With terms and conditions attached to it Just loves us freely No conditions Nothing seen or not Believer on earth He just loves us In our inspiration vibe today Comes from the book of Vasco Olympians Vasco ahead and read it I'll go ahead And read it Okay, lemme just get it For which says love is patient Love is kind Wow Lemme pull up Lemme just pull up So that to allow us to endanisha sisi wote What the Bible tells us about love So I want us to do something Very unique today Instead of saying love is patient In mum James In the brand In mother Just put your name at the beginning So you say Miriam is patient And if you're not Because you know me in inspiration vibe Lemme pata silen kwa na fanya diboshanzagu Mi kashanga hei Am I really emulating the love of Christ Christ loves us freely Am I really emulating that So let us put our name at the beginning So that we can get to know And if it convicts you Don't be condemned Don't be condemned Be Just go to the father And ask for forgiveness, repent And actually he's merciful So let's do this Let's open a Bible Chapter 13 from verse 4 to 8 Which says Miriam is patient Missing patient Miriam is kind Miriam does not envy Miriam does not boast Miriam is not proud Miriam is not rude Miriam is not self seeking Miriam is not easily angered Miriam does not keep Miriam keeps no record of wrongs Verse 6 Miriam does not delight in evil But rejoices with the truth Verse 7 Miriam always protect Always trust Always hopes And always pass the years Love never fails But where there are prophecies They will cease Where there are tongues They will be stilled Where there is knowledge It will pass away What we can actually Enserve from this verse That our God loves and condition of As in us I want you to be patient For him to love Those things that we have just read If you know those things Don't be worried Don't worry at all Go to the law, repent And he's maskful And he's mask is anew every morning He forgives you He forgives you And you can ask him God, can you just make me be more patient So when that patience actually rounds out on you Sayelo me fikishwatu musho kukuta Ask God His mask is anew His grace is sufficient That you'll be able to accommodate And be more patient And be more kind And don't envy He's grace is sufficient And now As believers Here we should want to emulate The characteristics of God And condition of love for us God loves us without any terms In conditions We should also love others The same way He loves us If he loved us so much That he gave his only son To die for us Why not emulate the same Kind of love to our brothers To the people around us So if he loves us With no condition We need to love everyone Everyone We need to love everyone We need to love everyone With the same unconditional love And I know it's not easy to To love the lovable I know it's easy to love the lovable people Quote en quote But to love those that are not It's not easy Well that's It's not easy But God shows us The unconditional love for us So we need to love others The same way God loves us But who is our God Who is our God If we cannot emulate that Who is our God God will help us To love others unconditionally As he loves us If only Not this If only we ask him And verse 13 says Verse 13 says And now these three remain Faith Hope And love But the greatest of these The greatest of these Is love Because you can have that faith That moves mountain But without love Kelele tu You can have that hope You can be speaking in tongues But without love Very useless So let us love our brothers Let us love everyone With the unconditional love God loves us En niki malizia tu The fine of us On our love series As I conclude our love series Romans chapter 8 verse 35 To 39 Which says Who shall separate us From the love of Christ Shall trouble or hardship Or persecution or famine Or neck and knees Or danger or sword As it is written For your sake We face death all day long We are considered to be Ship slaughtered Okay verse 37 No, in all these things We are more than conquerors Through him who loved us For I am convinced that neither death Nor life Neither angels No demons Neither the present Nor the future Nor anything else In all creation We'll be able to separate us From the love of God That is in Jesus Christ Our God He has nothing to separate us From the love of God Even with that character Of yours You naive You feel so content But even with that character Of yours God loves us And it cannot separate you From the love of God So I want to carry you This morning That love that God is showing you Please show it To your friends To your neighbor To your relatives Everyone Atatamu you are meeting that person For the very first time Be patient Be kind to that person Because that is what love is God bless you so much And if you missed Our inspiration vibe Guys May you find it On our YouTube channel Let me just pray Let me just close This inspiration vibe With the word of prayer So heavily father We thank you for this The word that you've given to us About love God May you search our hearts You know our hearts You know our deepest part Of our hearts And you know us Oh father Dear Lord Those times that we have failed you By labeling our friends Just for us to love them Oh God May you remember Mercy Oh God May you teach us To emulate the love That you've shown us Throughout And even in future Show us The kind of love That you want us to love Everyone around us Thank you father For your masses Thank you for your kindness Thank you for your love That's never ending In Jesus name We pray and believe Amen Yes Nix You want us to let something Oh father For your inspiration Vibes Yunges Guzi All I can say is You know when God talks about love To Julie And I express love Where to CC CC When you are ready to receive And give it back The same measure That you can give to your kids You know God has shown the biggest Sign of love When you are ready To receive and give it back Jesus Christ to die Power seems CC after After that You can practice love You see So if you know Nix is kind Nix is patient But it is a challenge to me Sana If you know Who are the people Who are the people Who are the people I need to talk Yes That you are talk to your maker So if If love is patient If it is kind If it doesn't And any people are Can do about love Let us practice it Cause what we will be doing To give back To God What he gave to us Mayjokuna Requestimbili Tatu Nix Just lay them And we will be back To wrap up the show


The National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated stations present the Pacific Story. In the mounting fury of world conflict, events in the Pacific are taking on ever greater importance. Here is the story of the Pacific and the millions of people who live around this greatest sea. The drama of the people whose destiny is at stake in the Pacific War. Here, as another public service, is the tale of the war in the Pacific and its meaning to us and to the generations to come. Hainan, century of the South China Sea.  Here on this island, the interests of four nations were in conflict. Hainan must not be ceded to any foreign power without the consent of France. France said that. Nothing must happen to Hainan, which will affect the British line of communication between Hong Kong and Singapore. Britain said that. Foreigners must remember that Hainan rise across Japan's main sea lanes, to the southeast, to India and to Europe. Japan said that. The island belongs to China, and China sought to control it. But today, after a decade of aggression, it is in Japanese hands. And today, it has become a focal point in the war in the Pacific. Take a look at this map. This will give you some idea of the importance of Hainan. This is an American expert on Hainan. It is 13,000 square miles an area, just off the southeast coast of China. That, coupled with its strategic value, makes it potentially one of the most powerful military bases in the Far East. The French were thinking of this and of business when they came out to this part of the Pacific, back in the early part of the 18th century. We beg to report that we have chartered all the waters in the vicinity of Hainan, also all the islands. The two companies we have established on Hainan are doing very well. Hainan means south of the sea, and the Chinese call it the tale of the dragon, because of its relationship to the mainland of China. The French kept a weather eye on the island until 1885. Then they moved in and occupied it. Britain objects to the French occupation of Hainan. France has been at war with China, and therefore France has occupied the island. As perhaps you know, the issue has been debated in House of Commons, and I am here in consequence to lodge an official protest. We have been informed of the debate. Hainan commands sea routes between Hong Kong and Singapore, and this Britain cannot permit. France was having colonial difficulties elsewhere in its empire at this time. She was unable to prevail against the British objections. Behind the scenes in Paris, other steps were taken. Hainan is in France a sphere of interest in the Pacific, and this must be maintained. In the face of Britain, we cannot continue to occupy the island. If we lose control of Hainan, some other nation could conceivably see it. Japan's interest in Hainan is already evident. Hainan controls the approaches to the parts of French Indochina. Should this control fall into the hands of an unfriendly nation, or into the hands of any nation other than France, we in Indochina would be in jeopardy. What then do you propose? I propose that France asks China to agree not to alienate or cede Hainan to any power. But that is as much danger of the Chinese provinces on the mainland bordering Indochina, falling into the hands of foreign powers as there is Hainan itself. We must also ask that China agree not to alienate or cede these provinces to any foreign power. That was the deal. France was to clear out of Hainan, but was to get the assurance of China that neither Hainan nor the Chinese provinces on the mainland would be ceded to any other foreign power. China agreed. Then something else happened. According to an unconfirmed report, two French lieutenants were murdered by Chinese. While steps are being taken to apprehend the murderers, representations are being made by French officials to the Chinese. With respect to the lease of course. And therefore, in compensation for the murder of two lieutenants of the French army, we demand the lease to France of Quang Chao Wan on the Chinese mainland across the state from Hainan. It is the wish of the French government that immediate measure of the French... While the French have succeeded in getting China to agree not to lease any part of the provinces on the Chinese mainland bordering Indochina to any foreign nation, France itself has secured a 99-year lease on Quang Chao Wan just across the state from Hainan. And in addition has secured the right to build a railway from French Indochina into Yunnan province in South China. Japan looked on grimly. France had anticipated her for the time being. The feeling between France and Japan was to grow more intense as France helped Russia against the Japanese in Manchuria. But now the Russo-Japanese war was rolling up and presently Japan had demonstrated to the world that she was no longer a second-rate nation, that she was a world power capable of dealing in her own way with her problems. The surface differences between France and Japan were straightened out in the Treaty of 1907. Japan agrees to stay out of South China. In return for this, France agrees to give Japan a free hand in the Manchuria. Japan used her free hand in Manchuria while France tended to her knitting in the vicinity of Hainan. While Japan built railroads in Manchuria and penetrated the great territory economically, France busied herself with her vast interests in the Far East. Between them, China was caught in a squeeze play. Why are you Frenchmen opposed to Chinese nationalism? It is dangerous. In what way? Well, the Chinese nationalists are against extraterritoriality for one thing. I imagine France is against extraterritoriality in France too, isn't it? The situation is not the same. And furthermore, Chinese nationalism may mean the spread of communism throughout the Far East. No, the Chinese nationalists are against the Chinese communists. So there's little chance. This was the French view until the Japanese invaded and seized Manchuria in 1931 and 1932. The Japanese had made the most of their free hand in Manchuria and now they were ready to look to the south again. Hainan would be a valuable asset to Japan. With the possession of this island, Japan could destroy British power in the Far East by controlling communications between the Singapore and the Hong Kong. With the prospect of having the Japanese in Hainan, the attitude of the French toward China changed. We are pleased to note that Chinese nationalism is opposed to communism. The Japanese ambitions in the south will be coming more and more apparent in the middle 30s. Intelligence from remote points brought startling information. The Japanese are putting in military installations on the island of Formosa. The Japanese are fortifying the mandated Carolina Marshall Islands. Contrary to their agreement, not to fortify these islands. Japanese naval officers posing as fishermen are surveying and charting the Paracel Islands and the Spatly Islands and the South China Seas. The Japanese business and professional men, especially photographers, are coming to Hainan an ever-increasing number. While the French and the Chinese became increasingly uneasy, behind the scenes the Japanese poured over maps and information. The length of the island from here to here is 160 miles. Oh, 160 miles. And how wide is it? It is 90 miles wide. These pictures show how rugged some parts of Hainan are. Oh, yes. What is this? A volcano? No, sir. This is one of the mountain groups. There are two mountain groups. How high are these mountains? These are from 5,000 to 6,000 feet high. This is the central range, which they call Wuji Shan. Oh, yes. And these pictures. These are other mountains? Yes. These are called the mountains of the Red Mist. And this picture here, this is Smoking Mountain. Mountains? Yes. What are the approaches to the island? Some of the approaches are dangerous. They are rocky, and the tides and the winds are so treacherous that the rendings are sometimes impassable. But up here, here in the north, there are coastal plains, and here the waters are shallow. Oh, yes. And what is this? This city here? Oh, that is Hoi Hao. That is a principal port. Hoi Hao. Yes. Hoi Hao. By this time, Japan was at the throat of China, and presently Hoi Hao on the north-coastal plain of the island of Hainan was in the news. Hoi Hao has been fired on by the Japanese. It is incredible. Is Paris going to commit this too fast without making strong representations to Tokyo? There is no telling what Paris will do about Japan. Has Paris lost sight of the declaration of 1897 with China and the 20 of 1907 with Japan? Japan blustered about arms and supplies being sent to China through French Indochina, and the Japanese Ministry of War issued a statement. Whether it will be necessary for Japan to occupy Hainan depends on whether the shipment of supplies to China through Indochina is stopped. Japan's boldness forestalled any determined move by France. And from this, Japan took its cue. Horses have again shelled Hoi Hao, northern port of the Chinese islands of Hainan. Backing up this blow, six Japanese men are war, today steamed into the harbor of Yulin on the Great Island. France and Japan were moving toward direct conflict. Japan's intentions in Hainan were now clear. And France saw the dire meaning of Japanese control of the Gulf of Tong King and the sea lanes to the ports of French Indochina. But now France was facing a crisis in Europe. This was the year of Munich. Japan has no intention of occupying Hainan. This was Japanese Foreign Minister Ugaki. Besides, occupation is different from annexation. Therefore, the present operations in the vicinity of Hainan have no connection with the treaty of 1907 between France and Japan. Halfway around the world, Foreign Minister Ugaki's statement was received with some difference of opinion. The Japanese weren't going to Hainan. And as for the small islands in the vicinity of Hainan, what else do you go to say? They can be used for bases, for submarines and sea planes to cut our sea lanes through the China Sea. No, no, no, no. No, those islands are little more than at all. They're utterly worthless. These islands will give the Japanese a line of communications to the south. And that is the direction in which they are moving. My good man, take my word for it. The Japanese are much too intelligent to stretch their lines of communication that far to the south, or even for that matter as far south as Hainan. But to China, owner of Hainan, the threat to the island was grave. Yet, she was in the agonizing throes of war with Japan, and she could do nothing. And now, Foreign Minister Ugaki made another statement. Japan is at war with China. In order to destroy Shunkai Shek, it may be necessary for Japan to occupy the island of Hainan. The wires buzzed with the threat. Hurried and special conferences were called in the capital cities of the world. Messages were exchanged between Paris and London. The taking of Hainan was not only a matter of great moment to China and to France, it was also a matter of tremendous importance to Britain. His Majesty's government and the French government will support each other in handling of any undesirable complications, resulting from the possible occupation of the island of Hainan by Japan. This was the joint British-French note to Japan. It was a clear hands-off warning, and for the moment, Japan observed it. But Japan's great forces were now in motion. Now that Hitler had thrown down the gauntlet at Munich, the Japanese were emboldened to drive on to the south. Here's a cable just came in. It appears that the Japanese have warned the French. They had better withdraw their police from the Paracel Islands. Paracel Islands. They're about 150 miles south of Hainan. France has a lighthouse down there, doesn't it? Yes, and a meteorological station. We can expect the Japanese here in Hainan any time now. The Japanese plan was unfolding. Soon they occupied Wei Island, 80 miles from the Indochina frontier. Soon they captured Canton. And with this, the Chinese military forces in Hainan unable to defend the island against the uncoming juggernaut left the island. If the French are afraid that the Japanese will move in and take Hainan, why not they move in? France is facing a crisis in Europe. Besides, France may not have enough force out here in the Far East to hold Hainan against the Japanese. The Japanese knew this well. And to France's feeble remonstrances, they issued a ruthless reply. We cannot deal properly with France unless France stops arms assistance to China. This was Foreign Minister Arita. We may consider that no legitimate international relations exist between Japan and France. Unless France changes her attitude, the cowardly action of the French government comes from her own domestic political conditions. In diplomacy, France only maintains her position by cringing to the coattails of Britain and America. France cringed under the ruthless words. France has nothing of her own and is bound to take a most sneaky, foxy attitude towards this country. This was the bluntly spoken attitude of the Japanese. It was the policy out of which came the announcement of the Japanese Minister of the Navy, Admiral Yonai. Japan must occupy Hainan. At 3 a.m. on February 11, 1939, lights were sighted offshore on the western side of Hainan. Well, we've been waiting for them. They're here. As dawn broke, the silhouettes of Japanese warships loomed out of the sea off Hainan. And from the heavy transports came columns of Japanese troops. When are they going to stop coming? This will give you some idea of their intentions. Those are some of the biggest Japanese I've ever seen. Yes, they're Marines. Look at the equipment they're bringing with them. Armoured cars. And look at the trucks and machinery. They came here to set up a military base. They've anticipated everything. The Japanese fluttered along the coastal roads and entered the strategic centers of the island. By mid-morning, they had taken Hainan's capital, Gyeongchang. And almost at the same moment, the Japanese flag was raised over the city of the at-tweist bombarded. Hoi Hao. Well, they've been a long time in getting around to it. And now they've got it. Without the loss of a man, Japan took China's biggest island possession and one of the strategic strongholds of the Far East. Men had machinery and material poured in. With them came experts to develop and exploit Hainan. And meanwhile, secret communications buzzed back and forth over the cables between Europe and the Americas and the Far East. France demands an explanation for the occupation. Oh, it is simply a matter of military necessity. In what sense is it a military necessity? Hainan has been used as a base for smuggling military supplies into China. The present Japanese operations on Hainan are for the purpose of exterminating the Chinese military forces on the island. The Chinese forces withdrew from Hainan last year. Besides, under the Treaty of 1907, Japan agreed to maintain Hainan as neutral territory. The Japanese operations on Hainan have nothing to do with that city of 1907. Britain, as well as France, had sought to forestall the occupation of Hainan. It has been said here that Japan would not extend her lines of communication as far south as Hainan. Now she has extended them to Hainan and far beyond them, to the south, to the Spratly Island. And it is my judgment that a British man of war be dispatched at once to that vicinity. I'm afraid you're overemphasizing the situation. Do you need for a show of naval force there? Let me warn you, Japan, at this moment, is on the threshold of Singapore, and now Americans began to see the gravity of the Hainan situation. Here, look at this map. The Japanese are here in Hainan. From the air bases here, they can bomb China's last two lines of communications with the outside world. Is that a railroad you're pointing to there? Yes, that's the railroad from Indochina here in South China. That's with an easy bombing range of Hainan. And here, you see this line here? Well, that's the Burma Road, isn't it? That's right. And the Burma Road is also within bombing range of Hainan. Well, if I know the Japanese, they're going to be cracking down to knock out both of those lines. Well, there's more to it than that. Look over here to the east, across the China Sea. The Philippines, eh? Hainan is only 800 miles from Manila. But at this stage, what was happening in and around Hainan off the southeast tip of China was like a sideshow compared to the big show that was rolling up in Europe. This was 1939. The attention of the world was focused on Hitler, who was soon to strike into Poland. It was focused on the phony war of the winter and spring of 1939 and 1940. And when France fell in Europe, it likewise fell in the Far East. From Hainan, the Japanese invaded and took revenge on China. Japan made good use of Hainan. Excellent maneuvers, Colonel. These troops have now been trained in all the tactics of amphibious warfare. They have made dozens of practice landings like this through the ships. Oh, yes. When will they be ready to move out? In another week. Good. The conditions of our landing here on the beaches are about the same they will face later. I understand. Prepare to train another contingent as soon as this one is moved out. Yes, sir. Where the water was shallow, the Japanese trained invasion troops. Where it was deep, they moved in technicians and construction workers for another task. You see, there are the new dots over there. When we are finished here, we will be able to service and repair vessels of all sizes. Yes. We will need these facilities as soon as the construction crews are off them. We know of the urgency. We are working 24 hours a day. This day, Bob Ace, is a key development in our plan. Yes, sir. The Japanese turned every resource on the island to their advantage. More and more experts of all kinds were brought in. Experts in agriculture, experts in forestry, scientists to experiment in the growing of rubber, coffee, quinine, cotton, tobacco, and experts in the handling of livestock. Guys, I'm down into the pen, sir. Keep them moving. They are fine-looking couples. Yes, sir. And they are even more here than we thought. So? We have more couple and six two here on Hainan than on all other Pacific islands put together. Oh, yes. How many without beef, sir? We can count on at least a hundred thousand head of cattle from Hainan each year, and almost as many pigs. Good. We will count the beef and the pork, and the hives will help meet our need for leather. The hives are good. Most of the cattle are across between the small yellow cow of China and the powerful big sample of Indochina. Good, good. Can we continue to expect livestock in these numbers? Yes, sir. The weather conditions here are ideal, not only for raising feed for the stock, but also for raising at least three quarts of rice a year for the men. In the more than two-and-a-half years from the occupation of Hainan to the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had converted Hainan into one of the most powerful, one of the most strategic strongholds of the Pacific, and they used it to its full advantage. The Japanese troops were trained on the beaches of Hainan. The Japanese ships, based in the newly constructed bases of Hainan, supplied by the food of Hainan. These teamed up with the air forces of Hainan against the United Nations. The Japanese forces from Hainan played an important role in the conquest of the Philippines, Hong Kong, Malaya, and Singapore. The Book of Silence fell upon Hainan. Hardly a word came out of the island for three years. Then in the spring of 1942, secret information began to fill her out. The Japanese are beginning to have trouble with Chinese underground forces. The Japanese are not able to cover all the strategic centers, and that's where the trouble is brewing. The Chinese underground forces are operating in the vicinity of the Sanin Kang Railroad from the southern part of the island. A few minutes. Let us check details. Explosives are placed under two locomotives and the fuse is ready. Very well. Next. Explosives are in place under the coaches and the fuse is ready. Very well. Next. Incendiaries are first and ready under the cases of gasoline on the barracks of the enemy. Very well. Now listen closely and remember, you will go to your assigned post. At the sound of my pistol, you chain, we set off the dynamite under the locomotives. Yes, sir.  Yes, sir. The enemy will become active at once. We will wait for the garrison to come out and then, from our machine gun positions, we shall break them down. Any questions? Then go. The young Chinese commander walked toward his command post. Suddenly, from out of the shadows behind him, stepped a Japanese sentry. The Chinese knew that if he were captured now, the plot would fail. He ran in the darkness. The Japanese sentry came up to him. A Chinese bastard? So, you thought you could escape? What is that? What is that? Japanese barracks were destroyed by fire at Sangkyang railway station in the southern part of the island of Hainan by Chinese underground forces. Heavy losses were suffered by the Japanese when they rushed into a Chinese trap laid for them by the underground forces in the... For the first time, the peaceful, defenseless island had come to life against the Japanese. Now the Japanese knew that they had an active, however weak enemy within the island. And within a matter of months, they would have learned that the enemy outside the island was no longer too far away to harm them. American liberators cascaded down upon the big naval base. Bombs smashed the great air base at Hama. Did you see this in the paper? About your old stamping ground getting bombed? Yes, I was just thinking about that. It says here that it was the biggest raid so far in the war in China. They must have plastered that island plenty. Yes, I guess they did. Hainan's a big island. They'll probably go back and give it a steady pace. Probably. What you've got to remember about Hainan is this. Four nations squabbled over Hainan for half a century. Each nation saw the value of Hainan through its interests. Now, Japan has the island. Japan knows that just as the island can be used to her advantage, so also it can be used against her. When Japan loses Hainan, she loses her strongest strategic position in this section. You can be sure that whatever the cost, Japan will hang onto Hainan to the last. The Pacific Story. Presented by the national broadcasting company and its affiliated independent stations as a public service to clarify events in the Pacific and to make understandable the crosscurrents of life in the Pacific Basin. For a reprint of this Pacific Story program, send $0.10 in stamps or coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. For a reprint of this Pacific Story program, send $0.10 in stamps or coin to University of California Press, Berkeley, California. By Arnold Marquess. The American News Agency by Arnold Marquess. The original musical score was composed and conducted by Thomas Paluso. Your narrator, Gain Whitman. This program came to you from Hollywood. This is the national broadcasting company.


What you're about to see is the last few seconds of the frontier live stream from 11 a.m UTC on Monday the 7th of September They're clearly hinting at something and want us watching on Thursday's live stream. What do you think we're seeing here discuss? Pretty good stream. I'm feeling good about Thursday. There's something Special about it. I can't quite put my finger on but yeah feels feels like there's something Possibly coming up that it does it does feel like something is going to be happening. I don't know what it is, but I guess we'll we'll see you then All right. Thanks guys That's all for now


Hey there friends! How's it going? My name is Kevin and today we're playing Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone or Sarsur's Stone, whatever you want to call it, Broken Stone, Run Stone. We're all stones together. Okay, you can use any title you want. It doesn't change the fact that this game is a mess and I love it. I can't even remember what we were doing last time. I don't know, he just seems to wake up in the middle of the night and have a little wonder. And Run's always down there too. No wonder he's so tired every day. It gets to noon, he's like, oh I'm exhausted because he's up all night just waiting for me to come down. I think he's afraid I'll interact with anyone other than him and then realize that everyone else is a better friend. Oh wait, it's the feast. Okay, why did I have to wake up in the middle of the night? Where's Mione? Povati Patel said she wouldn't come out of the girl's bathroom on the second floor.  Wait, you only told me this now, Ron?   This is the most cursed game. Oh my god. Jesus, everyone's face is terrifying. Except Dumbledore, he's calming me down. Thank you. I've just thought, Mione, what's about her? What about her? He says, it's like our best friend's been, you know, crying in the bathroom all day. What about her though? This whole Weasley family is so far since I got here is just a disaster. Ron is the worst friend ever. Percy is taking this whole room for himself and chases you and cast spells if you go in there. And Fred and George won't accept my huge amount of money. They'll only let me pay in beans. That seems really unfair. Oh, where did Ron go?  All right, you know what? I'm better off without him. Can you smell something? I think the trolls left the dungeon. No, that's just her mining. We're not allowed in, Ron. There's this sign. It says for witches only. We can't go in. Well, I'm off to bed. I'm coming in without knocking you guys. Oh my God, he's scary. Oh my God, she just got crushed by planks. Well, I held there. They just come in and scream move and give away where she's hiding. No matter how fun this battle is, it'll never be as good as it was on connect. That's probably a normal student. I just can't tell with my wonky eyes. Trust me, man.  I'm almost dead. Oh, off I go. Best of luck, Ron. Yummy. There we go. Health situation resolved. Oh, Jesus Christ. Health situation critical. Jump away. That's stunted. Do it a few more times and we can escape. Do what? Jump, Harry.  This poor troll is getting tormented.  It's getting weaker. Is it? How? I've not done anything. Dung bombs. Oh, these will come in handy.  I'm just jumping around the bathroom here and he's just somewhat killing himself. I don't know what he's doing. Oh, he's trying to jump on the mat. He's trying to copy my strategy. He must be getting so frustrated. He can't hit me. Where's Ron? Ron, do something. They're just idling there. Like, he seems to be completely focused on me. Could Hermione just like leave? Come on, Harry. It's getting weaker. Like, how do you even know? Where are you? Okay. I think he's killed himself. Yeah, he disappeared. Great. Oh, wait. No, he's back. Is it dead? I don't think so. Just not found. Who's using the bathroom right now? Has someone been in there the whole time? What is that running water? The rock just moves for Ron. Oh my goodness. Explain yourselves, both of you. Both of you explain yourselves. What were you doing hiding behind the rocks over here? I went looking for the troll. I read about them and thought I could handle it, but I was wrong. What is even the need for this lie? Why didn't she just tell the truth? I was in here crying. My two friends were worried about me. They were passing the door anyway. They took a little peek in because they're perverts and they found me. Five points will be taken from Gryffindor. Only five points. Five points will be awarded to each of you for sheer dumb luck.  We're gonna win.  What's going on here? All right. It's just an awkward silence when she was looking off into the stairs. What are friends for? I don't know. Oh, he's impaling his eye. You know what that means?  It's just so tiring, Harry. Just standing here doing nothing, you know? Brain starts to slow down.  That was close. Yep. All right. What do I get? I think I get some treasure here. It's whatever that troll was carrying on him. A key to the woman's bathroom. Oh no, it's a wizard care. Never mind. I can't see where I am. Can the camera change, please? Thank you. Game's a little bit lagging behind. We still haven't asked Hermione is she okay? We just left her in there with all the rubble. Anyway, Hermione, now that we saved you, you can go back to crying. Where am I going now? Oh, end night. Okay, great. I'll just sleep here on the stairs. Hey, I'm used to sleeping under the stairs. May as well sleep on the stairs for a change. I'm still almost dead. Should I go to a nurse or something? Like I'm an inch from death. Hello, Hermione. It's weird that Ron isn't here. Why am I going with Hermione for a change? I thought he'd be too jealous for this. It's probably why she was crying all that time in the bathrooms. Ron bullied her into not hanging out with me. He's mine, back off. You don't mess with the Weasley gang. They're the strongest gang in Hogwarts. And Ron is the don. There's got to be an alternate reality out there that I wrote the Harry Potter books and they would have been much better. Makes zero sense. Wait, no, I'm not supposed to be outside. This is what happens when people don't guide me. They keep going, follow me, and they don't go ahead of me. Look at them all just idling. What are you doing? Nice one, Harry. Oh, thank you. As long as you say nice things, you can stand around the idle all day. Nice one, Harry.  Thank you very much. And what have you got to say? I can't believe there was a troll in there. No, say something good about me. Ah, here you are. All right. The bouncer of potions. I wasn't going. Can you get out of the way, please? You'll be able to see the potion ingredients you've collected and the ones you haven't by looking in your membrane. Wait, you can? I didn't know that. That would have been helpful like two episodes ago. I don't have Dittany. Okay. Well, I guess I'll just delay the entire class and go look for that. I'll be back in a while. Oh, wait. Is this it? Okay. That was easy. It was just sitting there in the greenhouse.  Why are you trying to stop students from getting ingredients?  Run away.  Just trying to do your lessons. Dumbledore must believe it, like builds character or something. Island. Wait, what is this? Just a random book. All right. Well, it's mine now. I'm just stealing it. Now I just need to return it to the common room. Ah, it's one of the last items. Okay. It's probably not even lost. It was just Hagrid's version and I just stole it off him. He was probably saving for weeks to buy this book. The hell is that? Jesus Christ. Okay. Someone did something good in Gryffindor. Ron must be doing a great job as a bouncer for potions. He won't let her money in, even though she probably has everything. Oh God. He did do a good job as a bouncer. He didn't let anyone else in. Where would you look if I told you to find me a bazaar? Oh God, this is dramatic. I don't know, sir. Oh, I didn't like that. For your information, Potter. Why are you addressing me like this?   Why do I even come to this class? I want you all to collect the following three ingredients. Oh God, he's just getting me to gather more ingredients. That's probably where the rest of them were when they didn't show up. They probably all died when they're trying to get the ingredients. You know that healing potion that we were just studying? It probably would have been a good idea to drink some of it because Harry, you were almost dead. I cannot stress this enough. A gentle breeze would probably take you out. Then you'll be the boy who died. Oh God, it's Ron. I'm crossing the street to avoid him. It is way more inconvenient to go this way, but you know what? I just can't deal with him anymore.  I have to take this massive leap.  I'd rather die than hang out with Ron. Look at him. He's still waiting there. He has to take that personally, surely. I'm going to do it again, see if I can live this time. Yes, okay.  All right, I think I'm good. He's still waiting for me back there. Who is this? Is this who Ron is protecting me from? Oh, how did you get here? Fancy trading wizard cards, Harry. I don't know. Ron, am I allowed to talk to another boy? Sure. Today's lesson. Wait, who are you? You're not the herbology teacher. You will see that a crawl space has been revealed in the wall. Oh God, Harry can't resist. He wants to climb into everything he can. The Defindo Spellbook is located on the other side of the crawl space. What do they do for later years when they're too big to fit into these holes? He just can't learn. Like, why not just install a door?  It's ridiculous. Oh, this seems a lot more pleasant than the other challenges. Oh, for fuck's sake. You were just taking points off me a while ago. I like how he double takes. Well, like you were taking points off me a while ago for challenging one of these things. I know you're putting me against one. Harry, move.  Oh, for fuck's sake. She's locked the door. She's locked me in here. This is a joke. I like how McGonagall was saying that we lived through sheer dumb luck.  Ow, what the hell? I still fell down. What are you even hitting? Come over here. There you go. Stop hitting yourself. He just never learns. I just keep doing the same thing over and over again now now that he's in position. There you go. Oh, they're giving me a bit of a dramatic cutscene here. Hogwarts has failed yet again to murder me. Aw, she like slid a challenge shield under the doors or a ward. Potter, if you're alive, here you go. So is this guy's whole existence just standing in this garden and then every now and again a student comes in and knocks him out? That's really cruel, actually.  Jesus Christ, there's some pervert in those trees. Okay, they're completely missed. He thought I was right next to it. No, I thought he was just happy that he murdered something there.  I can't be bothered watching him do the animation. I'm going to get an F. Be gone, spirits. Even if that troll dies, they're going to torment his ghost. He's just a prisoner now. Cruel and unusual punishment. All right, I've learned to fendo. I don't even know why the herbology teacher is teaching us this, to be honest. Like, I thought we were going to learn about plants, but no. What was that build up about? Showing them running in the steps to me and then they just idle there. Okay, I cut the rope and then just stood on it and fell. I'm a danger to myself. Oh, are you serious? Another troll?  Oh my God, he's freaking out. Run away. Oh my God, why is he so angry? Oh, for fuck's sake. Now he's attacking the tree.   It's so exhausting.  Stop it. Why is everything out to kill? That troll is still going nuts just hitting the tree. Why is it like the one troll that aspires to be a lumberjack that I have to deal with? This is blocking a hole that I think I need to go through and I don't know how to deal with them. Oh, okay. Good, got it. All right, crawl into the hole. Hopefully it's not a bear's den. As I was saying last episode, it's going to go wrong. Oh yeah, it's a bear's den. It's like locked him into a zoo. Oh my God, what is it?  They actually want to feed me to this thing. He just immediately forgot it was there. He's still walking the other way. Well done, Mr. Potter. Thanks. What about that plant that wants to eat me though? I give you a C for trying. Thanks, Professor. I guess to get an A I got to kill both the trolls. Where even is the rest of the class? They're probably all dead in there. I'm pissed. Ah, you two lived anyway. There's no way Ron did that.  He would have died in a heartbeat. There's nothing more to do. So why I'm for beds? I'm worn out. I'm off to bed. Like it's got to be so early in the day. I'm going to see if I can find a clock to see what actual time it is.  Jesus Christ, okay. I don't think I'm supposed to find a clock in the end. It seems like they don't have any. I think this was intentional. They don't want to expose Ron for going to sleep at 9am. Like I can hear a clock, but I don't see one.  All right. As they celebrate how far a slither in there ahead of everyone else, I guess we'll end it there. I hope you enjoyed these games are so fun to play.  But yeah, I really hope you enjoyed. If you did enjoy it, let me know and we'll try and finish off this game if we can. Either way, I appreciate you watching and I do hope to see you next time. Bye for now.