Yes, sure. Yeah, just told him. We will be live on the YouTube simultaneously. Okay, fine. Yeah, good evening friends. And recently I've seen a video of this professor, Dr. B. S. Elzabeth, the Vice Chancellor of Tamil Nadu National Law University, and when I, thereafter, looked into it, I've found that not only her knowledge is good, her passion towards the gender justice is one of the aspects which is quite close to her. Thereafter, I requested a close friend of mine, Mr. Srinivas Raghavan, if he could share the number so that we could also share the knowledge through a resource person who is well-versed and needless to say that ma'am carries the respect beyond Tamil Nadu and to all those students who have been passionate about understanding of the law etc. Without taking much time and request ma'am B. S. Elzabeth, who has acceded to our request to share her knowledge. Yeah, thank you, I couldn't unmute myself. Good evening everyone and thank you Mr. Chathrit for inviting me to this program and giving me this opportunity to share some of my thoughts on this issue, which is something that I have been working on. And it's very important to me, both as a professor and as a researcher. All of us are familiar with the fact that the status of women is poorer or lower than that of men in our country, when we generally speak about it. There may be women belonging to different castes, different classes, who might be better off than say men belonging to the Dalit communities or other marginalized groups. But when we speak in general terms, when you look at all the statistics that are there in terms of the gender development index, we find that the condition of women, the status of women is definitely lower, be it literacy, be it access to opportunities, be it economic access to economic resources, be it social status, be it political participation on all levels, we see that these status of women is less than that of men. At the same time, I'm sure all of us especially I'm assuming that most of you who are here listening today to this talk are lawyers, or at least associated with the law in one form or the other. And therefore, all of you would be aware then of the fact that we have numerous legislations. In fact, sometimes some of the very misogynistic groups of men have agitated against these legislations be the 2005 protection of women from domestic violence Act, or the 2013 sexual harassment prevention prohibition and redressal act, or any amendments made to the IPC or to, you know, the, what do you say, personal laws, we have agitation saying that there are too many laws which are protecting women and for women on the other hand are you know misusing the law like with reference to section 498A of the IPC. Now, where does the reality lie, right. Is it that women are misusing the law and they don't need all these special protections, or is the fact that the status of women is low and we do have these laws but these laws have not made any difference in the lives of women, in terms of you know improving their status, reducing the number of crimes against them. My particular area of work is with regard to violence against women and so I'm not going to be addressing issues of discrimination and inequality in the areas of family law, and other things only I might in passing remark on them. At the same time, of course, when we're looking at the ways in which some of these things have made a difference in the lives of women. This is through the courts and particularly through the Supreme Court. Occasionally, high courts of different states have also interpreted the law in such a manner that it has been to the advantage of women. So today, the reason I have even thought up on a topic like this is all of you are lawyers, or at least working with the courts, and therefore I just want to place before you the possibilities that are there, and especially when we are concerned with these issues of justice and equality. And therefore how can we, how can we, as people working with the law, make a difference when there is a constitution which guarantees the equality between men and women as of now and through the Supreme Court judgments we also know that it takes into consideration transgender women are subject to various forms of violence, various kinds of discrimination, be it at the workplace in the home or in society in general in terms of access to opportunities to resources, etc. What can we as people working with the law, whether lawyers or judges do. And is it possible at all to do that. You know, isn't the court, like we've been hearing in the recent, you know, marriage equality hearings, and saying that the court, the government is saying you know that is something to be decided by parliament court can't do these things. Is that really true. Right. So, I want to start off with one of the earliest cases, especially when you're looking at the court and international law. So when we're all familiar today with the sexual harassment act 2013 act which is sometimes called the posh act etc. It's not like sexual harassment you know just began to happen now in 2013. We are all familiar with the Vishakha judgment. Now when you read through the Vishakha judgment at the time that the Vishakha judgment was pronounced. There was no law dealing with sexual harassment at the workplace. No legislation had been enacted. So provisions in the Indian penal code that could address sexual harassment in a very kind of roundabout way, like you know, section 354 and section 509. They really did not talk about sexual harassment the way in which women experience it, you know, it is not about outraging the modesty. It is about intrusion into the private space of women. It is about touching their bodies without their consent. There was no law dealing with any of this. So when Vishakha and others went to court and the Supreme Court heard them and finally pronounced its judgment in 1997. The court did not invent law, but the court very very creatively decided to interpret the constitution in such a manner as to bring in law that is there internationally so that there can be protection of women's right to equality against discrimination right to choose any business profession or occupation. We know under the constitution. And that is how the Vishakha came in. And how that is how we have the beginning of protection of women against sexual harassment at the workplace took place. So in the Vishakha judgment if you read carefully, they do refer to articles 1415 1921 etc. And then they say under article 51. There is no obligation to implement the international governance that we sign as a form of respect for those governments. And that is how the convention for the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women was brought into the Indian context. According to the report in which the definition of what is sexual harassment is spelled out, and how sexual harassment at the workplace is violation of the right to equality in employment was interpreted.  But from there, they went on to actually provide us the entire scheme by which this particular form of violation of women's human rights could be addressed. They talked about the setting up of the internal complaints committee, the responsibility of the employer, and the whole range of things. One very good example of the lawyers who are representing Vishaka and other organizations and the judges of the Supreme Court in promoting gender justice. I mean, like this was a form of violence, a crime that was committed against women for decades together ever since women went out into the workplace. And yet there was no protection against it. And women were forced either to leave their jobs, or to find another job, or to just tolerate this violence, despite the kind of harm it was causing. But with Vishaka, you have the turning point. Because even before the 2013 act was enacted from 1997 onwards began that process of you know calling upon every organization every institution to set up an internal complaints committee. And in the wake of that judgment that sexual harassment policies were drafted. And the result of it is to be seen in the NCRB data in terms of how many cases of sexual harassment have been registered, and how many of them came up into the courts how many of them have ended up in conviction, and the rest of it. We have a number of other cases of you know violence against women crimes against women, where we see that the number of acquittals is highest compared to conviction. We find that in the sexual harassment cases, even before the 2013 act, we had, you know, high rates of conviction. And for most of us women who are working outside our homes, it has been a major source of encouragement for us. And that means by which we are able to work with dignity, knowing that if we experience sexual harassment at the workplace, we have a ritual mechanism. It isn't something that to put up with that there, you know, we don't have to imagine that there is no alternative, or that there is no remedy for this. So that is the first, you know, time that you see the Supreme Court actually intervene and ensure that, you know, there is gender justice, and it has gone a long way. And of course in a context where this form of violence has been going on for so long, it obviously is going to take a long time before we can see the effectiveness of this. And the fact that the Vishakhay came out to survive today where even, you know, have cases against organizations against institutions, which do not have an IC or do not implement it properly. Of course, it's not like it was a perfect judgment and there were no problems with it. The problems that were there to a certain extent have been remedied through the 2013 act. But for me that is a very good intervention by the Supreme Court in the cause of advancing gender justice. Another similar case, if you have to take up with regard to gender justice is the Gita Hariharan case. Again, you know, you have, we have the constitution guaranteeing equality and non-discrimination. And yet we know that in the practice of guardianship, the father is to be considered as a natural guardian under the Hindu guardianship and Wards Act. The consequence of that is that no woman can go and get a child admitted in a school, open a bank account. Without the authorities in these institutions telling the woman, no, we need the father's, you know, signature, we need the father's approval, we need the father's consent. As you know, the Gita Hariharan case was about that. The mother wanted to, you know, create a deposit in the name of her child at a point in time when there was already a dispute between her and her husband in the court. And the bank manager said, you know, you have to go and get his consent and come. So she then went to court, filed this petition, challenging this provision and saying that, you know, under the constitution articles 14 and 15, this should not be happening at all. Once again, the Supreme Court invoked the Seedaw, the Convention for Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. And using that, while they did not declare that section under the Hindu guardianship and Wards Act as unconstitutional, they did state that very clearly that this provides for, you know, that the natural guardian can be the mother to, so long as the father does not have any objection to it. So while that isn't the best solution that one is looking for, at least it opened up the possibility that women too, the mothers too, can be guardians. And of course, that we have a law like that is another problem, where the mother, everybody knows who their mother is, and one knows who the father is because the mother says so. Right, but despite that the law itself, you know, makes a father the natural guardian, and the mother can only be the natural guardian if the father passes the way, or, you know, in other circumstances the father doesn't exist. Now, for me these two are good examples from the Supreme Court, in terms of advocating for women, advocating for justice for women. Before I go to the more recent cases from the Supreme Court, I want to just refer to a decision from the High Court of Andhra Pradesh. This case is with relation to Sarita, who was an actress at that point in time, and her husband had filed for a situation of conjugal rights. And I really liked it because for the first time you have a judge who really gets into the shoes of a woman, thinks about the consequences of granting this restitution of conjugal rights to a husband, and how it did impact her. You know, when we talk about objectivity in the law, neutrality of the law, it cannot be that the law is blind altogether. The law will have to take into consideration the impact of that law on people who are differently situated, because consequences for people who are differently situated are different depending upon their status. In that kind of a situation you have this judge who says, restitution of conjugal rights for a man may not have the kind of consequences it has for a woman. And what are these consequences for a woman? He says, if I say, if I grant this restitution of conjugal rights, then this woman may get pregnant. If she gets pregnant, it impacts all her decisions after that, whether it's about her career or it's about her day to day existence. And taking all these considerations into, I mean all these situations into consideration, the judge did not grant restitution of conjugal rights to her husband in that case. So while you do have the provision, a remedy, you know, in the form of restitution of conjugal rights where a partner, you know, seeks or a spouse seeks to separate from the other. And more often than not, the courts have granted restitution of conjugal rights without looking at all the implications of doing it. Here you had the example of a high court judge who said this has adverse consequences for the woman. The consequences are not equal for a husband and a wife. When a wife does not want to live with the man to force her into that relationship, which will directly impact both her body physically, as well as her life choices thereafter, he did not grant that restitution of conjugal rights. More recently, of course, you have at least three or four judgments. One is the Nalsa judgment. Now under the Constitution, all citizens, right, every single one of us who is living on Indian soil are citizens of India. We are born here, we are citizens of India. Our parents are here, we are citizens of India. But do we at all think about the numerous people who despite being born here, having their parents being born here, are not in a position to exercise their fundamental human rights. I'm talking here about transgender persons, a trans man, a trans woman. Right to education today is a fundamental right under Article 21a. But how many of the trans persons, trans woman, trans man, trans boy, trans girl have been able to complete even their high school. Because society institutions refuse to register them under the identity that they identify with. They are compelled to either accept the gender assigned to them at birth, or drop out of school or college or university. I know enough people I have met who are in that kind of a situation. So when we wonder about, you know, he does and, you know, others who are begging or in sex work and say why can't these people go to work. We don't stop to think do they have the qualifications which will get them the jobs. And sometimes of course even when they have qualifications, will people appoint them, give them a job. The many who have managed to become, you know, the principal of a college or get into an office or even get elected, you know, here and there is simply by their tenacity, and they never say die spirit. And not because we as a society and the state doing its job of facilitating access to opportunities and exercise of their rights. Not till the Nalsa judgment. Do we have, you know, the such a directive that came from the court. Now nobody has an excuse. You cannot say you know how do we accommodate them where do we accommodate them are the man or woman, how do we facilitate them. Very clearly the Supreme Court in that decision said that you have to consider them as third gender. When somebody identifies themselves as a third gender, they are entitled to all the fundamental rights guaranteed to every citizen in the Constitution. As a consequence, now you have to change them and just think of all the applications you filled out in your life. And see exactly where would a trans man or trans woman ever fit into that. Because everything is in a binary male female man woman boy girl. Where will a trans woman or a trans man identify themselves today you're forced to change your application forms in such a way that a trans person can also fill that form up. And today they have the right to identify themselves. It cannot be that somebody else will say whether they are male female or trans person, trans woman or trans man. And it is through the Nalsa judgment that finally trans men and trans women can begin to access their fundamental rights, their fundamental human rights, the right to equality the right against discrimination, the right to education. And, you know, work towards transforming people's minds and attitude so as to ensure that they're all inclusive workplaces to the to the extent of even having to, you know, build restrooms for them. The biggest things is about prisons, and the kind of violence that is perpetrated on trans persons, because they will not be put into the prison for the, for the gender that they identify with. So to me that isn't the third example of gender justice through the courts. The fourth of course is decriminalization of consensual sex between homosexuals 377 is a colonial law and outmoded thing. The purpose behind it is extremely problematic, but the consequence of section 377 of the IPC for decades together has been the criminalization of sexual relations between consenting adults.  You know, and this is the irony of it right on the one hand the state would not enact laws to protect women against domestic violence on the grounds that it cannot enter the private space. This is a liberal approach to the interpretation of the law dividing space into private and public space and saying that private space is you know, completely within the realm of an individual and only in the public space can somebody can the state intervene. And yet when it came to homosexual relations, the state was entering the private space. It's not the case of homosexuals are having sex in the public space. But here you had a lot that was entering, not just the home it went right into the bedroom. I remember this Delhi High Court judgment was said you can't allow right to equality and you know right to life to be exercised by a woman within the home that is like setting a bull into a China shop that it will destroy the family. And yet the very same state had no hesitation entering into the private space and deciding how people will have sex and with whom they'll have sex. I mean is that a public matter at all. Non consensual sex is to be criminalized there is no question of that no doubt in that.  So that judgment, you know, of the Delhi High Court, which has been, you know, reinforced by the Supreme Court, I would say is again, another case that we have in the direction of gender justice. Today, of course, there is the case before the Supreme Court, which is about looking at marriage equality. And we've seen how the arguments have gone back and forth and how this will end of course we do not know. But if the very arguments the points that are being made by the judges in the court are extremely important. Because through that they're exploding so many myths, questioning so many stereotypes, and educating all of us who are listening or reading the discussion that is going on in the Supreme Court. I mean the point that Chief Justice Chandrachud said, gender is not simply about genitals, it's much more than that much more complicated than that is such a superb point. Because everything lies on that the almost all the violence against women and trans persons is about non conforming to gender stereotypes. And Chief Justice Chandrachud with that one sentence exploded the entire stereotype. You know, today you're seeing me here. I'm an Asari all right, my voice is different, my hairstyle is different, they don't conform to the gender stereotype. Does that make me any less of a woman I identify as a woman, but just because I don't conform to the gender expectations. Does that make me any less a woman. I'm sure there are millions of people like that in different ways because you know since this sex gender are all social constructs. There can be no perfect male or female, no perfect man or woman. Many of us may be comfortable with the sex assigned to us at birth. But there are many of us equally who are not. We do not want you know in fact this entire lot of this discriminatory practices that we see in our society and the injustice perpetrated particularly the violence that is perpetrated on a daily basis on people who do not conform to these gender stereotypes could be completely done away with if we didn't have these binaries and these gender expectations for a lot of trans women. They want a attire to wear female attire. They want they're not comfortable wearing pants and shirts. They want to dress in saris. For them, they are they want to be doing those things that have been identified as feminine, and not to be done by a boy or a man. They are not allowed to dance, allowed to do rangoli. If these, you know, boxes were not created and people could dress in the clothes that they want. After all it's just a cloth, and this cloth has been evolving at so many different ways, even the hairstyles for that matter. Every society, every culture starts creating these boxes and expects people to conform and fit into those boxes. And if they don't, and they feel threatened, what they do is necessarily to force them into that. And one way to force them into it as one of you have put down is to perpetrate violence on people who don't fit into it. Because many math you put it right, a lot of violence against men who are seen as feminine.  You have to be aggressive, you have to be confident, you have to be playing football or cricket be outside the house. You should be having a deep voice. You should have short hair, all kinds of things which are expected once you have identified once you've been assigned the male gender. And similarly of course for women, right if you have been identified as a woman or a girl then you're expected to wear dresses, skirts, saris have long hair, be petite, have a high pitched voice. Be submissive, be patient, be tolerant, you know a whole bunch of things. And when you don't conform to these things, then you have the violence perpetrated as a method to force conformity.  If they're not, if they're on their own, whether it's a single woman as a group of women, going about their daily routine, going to a shop to buy vegetables, going to the bank to draw some money, going to school, going to work, it's not like sexual harassment happens only in the darkness of when women are wearing the so-called non-conforming clothes, exposing their bodies. I don't know if there is even one woman who is listening to me today who can say that she has never experienced sexual harassment. I can tell you from my personal experience that I have never worn sleeveless clothes and walked out. I have never worn a short frock as an adult woman or actually from the time I was about 12 years old. And yet I can tell you and I can, I remember every single incident of sexual harassment that I've been subjected to right up to my 50th year. So it is not about what women wear or don't wear, it is about forcing women to conform to these harassers idea of you know gender. To them, every woman who is outside her home without a male accompanying her who she is related to, she is violating the gender norms.  Domestic violence similarly, if a wife is thought of as not conforming to her role as a wife and mother, then the husband believes he has the right to beat her into submission and conforming to the gender role that she has been assigned in the world like this. What we need therefore is the intervention of lawyers and judges to interpret the Constitution to interpret international covenants on human rights, such that gender justice is you know advocated gender justice is guaranteed that gender justice becomes a reality that those of us who are not men and dominant men exercising authority and power in this patriarchal society are able to access our fundamental human rights that the laws that are there to protect us will really protect us and not just remain on paper. I mean we just had the elections in Karnataka. How many women stood for, you know, the elections, how many of them got elected. On the other hand, look at what has happened in the panchayat level, especially in South India. There aren't even a single woman on the, any of these panchayats, or the corporations and other, you know, local bodies, but because of the 73rd and the 74th amendments, providing for 35% reservation. Today, in South India, I know for a fact in Karnataka, 50% or more are elected to these local bodies. Not by reservation. It has resulted in changing the attitude of people when you know women, 35% women appeared in the panchayats and they worked over time. People have begun to accept the fact that this gender barrier has been broken, and that it isn't harmed society that is actually done good. And therefore they have gone on to repose confidence in more women, and though we do not have a 50% reservation, 50% or more women have been elected to these local bodies. So when the legislature doesn't do this or legislature has enacted laws, but these laws are not being enforced. When it's implemented, it becomes the role of lawyers and judges to see how we can ensure that gender justice is done in our societies. And that is the reason why I picked up this topic, just to give you these few examples. The other example that did, you know, catch my attention was in the context of the Madhya Pradesh, you know, quote, which told a rapist. He was applied for bail, and the court put certain conditions.   I mean, isn't that horrifying that you got to be seeing this guy who has put you through so much of trauma, and which is probably just coming out of and to see this guy all over again. Now that is a bad way of you know functioning as a judge. On the other hand, when this matter was taken up by one of the advocates in Delhi and brought before the Supreme Court. The Supreme Court direction was not to have to instruct the National Judicial Academy, all these state judicial academies and the law colleges and law universities to sensitize their students and the judges to gender issues. And that's the reason why you have that component in the National Judicial Academy. You have sessions on that. Where you try and explain and help judges in fact, this judge in this case particularly said about how judges need to think about these issues from the perspective of the women survivors. How would they feel. I mean what kind of a condition is this for bail that the perpetrator will go scot free by going and you know tying a rocky on the hand drifter for woman whom he has sexually assaulted, or even the cases where you know judges say, Okay, if you'll marry the survivor, then you know, we will acquit you. Does the woman who has been sexually assaulted want to marry this man. If she was in that frame of mind could this have not been already settled outside the court rather than this coming before the court gender justice cannot be from the perspective of, you know people who are not at the receiving end of the injustice. It has to be from the perspective of those who have suffered the violence the discrimination the inequality. And I'm really glad that the Indian Supreme Court has in most cases, or let us at least say many cases, made this intervention. And there are lawyers who have been able to interpret the law in such a manner as to provide justice, because not all the time that the just decision comes out, it automatically results in solving the problem like the Nalsa judgment. The Nalsa judgment has contributed to the idea that you know the government has a responsibility to ensure that trans women and trans men will be considered as third gender and therefore be made be able to access all their opportunities and rights. The reality is that many of them are still trying to get access to just basic school education. They registered under one identity in one name. And, you know, as they begin to be able to speak out, and they self identify that obviously doesn't match, and the school is unwilling to change the name, as well as you know the identity gender in the identity card or on the records. In other cases, they cannot complete that education and get the degree or the certificate in the name in which they live. They can't even participate in any organization. I remember recently one of the organizations that I'm in and we were planning to organize a conference, and a trans woman wanted to participate in that conference under her name. And to allow her to do that, you need an ID which will say that this is who she is. All her IDs are as a male in a different name. And she has been struggling after the Nalsa judgment even to be able to get the ID card in the name in which she wants it now, and the gender that she has identified herself. But part of the struggle is to see that laws are enacted because it's through laws that our rights are protected. And the other part of the struggle is to see that when our rights are violated that we can, you know, go before the courts and through the courts, get the, you know, institutions, or the government itself to change it. And for that, our rights are enforced, our rights are implemented. And these are the few cases that I have shared with you in my little effort to make you see how as lawyers and as judges, we can all be advocates for gender justice. The positions that we are in, and the profession that we are practicing these skills that we have acquired in order to advance gender justice. If we can do that, then you know, we all become part of a profession part of the society that is made that has at least beginning that process of change in our society, because when you keep struggling with the inequality in our society. You wonder how can things become different because, you know, it is really for those of us who work with the law we know how the law is not perfect the legal profession isn't perfect the judicial system isn't perfect. But for the lay person they put so much trust in the law. I believe that if a law has been enacted. If the Supreme Court says this, that that will mean you know reality that they'll be in change. And then when that doesn't happen begins their disillusionment with the entire legal system. I think there is a burden on us to see how we can do this. So closing I just want to share. I mean I want to open up to more questions I'm sure that there will be questions and when we can. You know, when I respond to it, many more aspects of the topic can be brought out therefore I want to open it up to discussion but just you know one point is when you look at the Domestic Violence Act. Prior to the domestic violence are coming into being. They have course enacted you know made the amendment to the criminal law to IPC introducing section 498 a, which has been at the end of much controversy. And people have said a lot of things about misuse the reality is there are women who are suffering from domestic violence without any justice on the one hand on the other hand is this whole perception that women are misusing the law. But the point that I want to make is that prior to a, you know, this 23rd, 2005 legislation. We had lawyers like, you know, Miss Indira jasing of lawyers collective and a senior advocate practicing in the Supreme Court and Miss Flavia Agnes, who created much lease and organization in Mumbai, and the lawyer advocate there, who both very creatively use the CPC provisions in the remedies that women want.  The reality is that women don't want that solution. What women are looking for is that the violence will stop. They just want protection from the violence. And therefore what Miss Flavia Agnes and Miss Indira jasing did was to use the CPC. The protection orders in the CPC the injunction orders in the CPC to provide the exact remedy that these women wanted. And that's the reason why you see these incorporated into the 2005 act, because again Miss Indira jasing in the lawyers collective was behind the drafting of this particular legislation. These are the examples of how the court, you know, does advocate or promote gender justice but there is of course the Tala case, you know, on the other hand, which is problematic at one level. The women of course don't want triple Tala at one sitting to be permissible. But what they don't want is a criminalization of the pronouncement of the Tala can landing all their husbands in jail, because that doesn't give the women anything at all.  Right so, but I have picked on the judgments, which are good examples of the way in which the court can intervene in order to promote an advanced gender justice. I will stop here. If there are questions I'd like to respond to them. Otherwise, of course, I'll go on for a little longer if the time permits. Yeah, thank you. As you can see on the chart itself that people have mesmerized the way you have taken things. In fact, when we had heard you that day also maybe have muted yourself. Just hold on. Yeah. I just said thank you that is all. No, no, no, but I thought that you should know. Thank you. The legal journey, the beads you have actually opened in with the threat of your knowledge. That's quite fascinating. And I've also seen like, once we discuss about posture, etc. I've seen that the rigors of that committee, since we are in the practicing side, we have seen that sometimes the committee constituted is there but it does not touch people do not are actually sensitize that or that posh committee is there. And sometimes even though that the person is being indicted because of the sexual harassment at workplace, etc. We find just because there's sensitization amongst the people that what the committee should constituted though it is a mandate that there should be a social worker. There should be a lawyer and that too on the lady lawyer. I've seen large number of places they do not even know the sensitization and people participated. And then, ultimately, they have that person go indicted by the inquiry, but ultimately, he's let off because of the technicalities. What do you feel that is the way forward as to whether you can sensitize people number one, or as to we should let go these some technicalities or it has to be made in such a fashion that people are actually aware that he cannot be let off because of some of these technicalities because whether they should be held to be directory or it has to be held mandatory. See, the thing is, there was a lot of things that were not said in the Vishakha judgment, which resulted in these loopholes being available and people conforming to the law, the word of the law rather than to the spirit of the law. So when the Supreme Court said there should be an external member, people complied with it by appointing a female doctor or somebody else who knows nothing about sexual harassment or about the Vishakha judgment. So the 2013 act actually, you know, thought, okay, let us spell out who exactly should be there.  But when it trans, but the problem is in the implementation, like you said, right, they put in people members. So you can have they will say 50% women and you know the chief or the chairperson will be also women. But if none of them understand what is sexual harassment, then you do not have justice done. Now this is not something that the law can do, accepting if somebody goes to court and says, look, this is what the 2013 act says about the members. And this committee has been constituted completely in violation of that, that these members do not even know what is sexual harassment that they're not sensitized to issues of sexual harassment and therefore as a consequence, they are letting go. Another problem, of course, is in these members also not understanding what their power really is. It's a many of them act like as if they are a criminal court, where you have to prove beyond reasonable doubt. Whereas it is just a civil proceeding a disciplinary matter, and where if the preponderance of doubt is in favor of the complainant, then you're supposed to find the person guilty. And yet, because these are all cases that when you talk about sexual harassment or any other crime against women, it doesn't happen in a public place 99.9% of the time. It happens in the private space. So if you're looking for the kind of proof that you know the criminal justice system requires proof beyond reasonable doubt, then it is extremely problematic. On the other hand, when you're doing this as a civil proceeding it's just like how the family courts deal with domestic violence or cruelty, and how the criminal courts deal with you know provisions like 498 a or 304 b etc. There may be granted divorce in a proceeding in the family court on the grounds of cruelty. You know if she is able to suitably show that there has been cruelty that the husband has thrown her out of the marital home, or that you know there has been violence perpetrated on her or denial of you know certain right that she has. Because if she's got to go to the session score to get justice, she might end up having you know more problems, because you'll have to show you'll have to provide evidence of that cruelty. So similarly with sexual harassment, if you do proceed under the IPC sections you know 354 a b c d etc. There might be a little more problem because you to provide evidence. On the other hand, sexual harassment at the workplace you know the 2013 act, it is easier to comply with. I think the important thing like we are doing at our universities that when you and it's I think they're in the 2013 act that you're supposed to have training for the members of the internal committee. Training about sexual harassment training about the process training about the procedure to be followed training even about how to write the report in the universities that's exactly what we are doing because we don't think that every member of the community is all sensitized. So even though they're law teachers, we believe in doing it, and you know we get people who come and explain to them using the methods of adult education to enable them to appreciate what happens when sexual harassment is perpetrated. And therefore how do you understand this and what you should be looking for. So I think you know we can't take for granted that people understand or are sensitized, we will each of the places where we have these committees constituted. It'll have to start with their training and sensitization and awareness first, and only then should they function, then we can hope to have justice done. The second challenge which personally I've felt with the professional experiences, let's assume I take an example, there's one university, let's assume it's a university. And in the garb of nomination, they will do is that they will nominate some person in a social work as well as an advocate. Now you also understand that for the sexual harassment case normally if you start off, it is on 15, 20 hearings to prove that there is a sexual harassment. A person may be feeling happy that let's assume I've been nominated that Mr. Chathwath you are doing social work, you have been nominated to the committee. But as a professional whether I would be having that much time to give 20 hearings to participate, normally what I've seen in these all these cases is that that person from the NGO or an advocate or another person of that committee is not participating in this thing because he doesn't understand the records, because probably you find a person who's in the social work just to show in the book or surface that this person has been nominated. It shows good that he's actually a social worker, but does he have the time to participate because he doesn't participate that leads to eventual the fallacies in the report. So I think that we have to look into that way also when we nominate someone. You have to ensure that he's not the other passion or above his professional and personal commitments to participate in that committee. Yeah, no, you're absolutely right. I think it all reflects upon the extent to which the institutions that are constituting this committees are really committed to ensuring justice. They're really complying with these provisions, simply because you know they don't want to be seen as violating or non complying, or are they really doing this because they want to ensure justice is being done.  In the consequence there is no seriousness to this they just complying with it for the name for namesake, rather than in the cause of advancing gender justice. So those are things that require you know change in the attitude of society towards women and take these offenses as serious. Because the consequences for women is preventing them, you know from making choices in a free manner. And if I'm traveling, even now at my age, even as a vice chancellor, I have to be concerned about you know who is going to be who I'm engaging with. Do I want to shake hands with them do if I'm traveling is like you know do who is going to be sitting next to me will that person keep his hands and legs to himself. So I have to also choose where I'm going, what are the things that I prefer to do not do all these and if they're young women, it's even deciding which institution you want to study in, which profession or job you want to take. And parents are concerned so they'll say you know go to a women's college, it may not be the best college for the things that I want to study in, but you'll be told to do it so under society realizes the great grave consequences for girls and women. Because of the prevalence of sexual harassment, they will not take even these legislation seriously. And that is where I think when the court reprimands judges and instructs the judicial academies and law colleges and, you know law universities to ensure that their students and these judges are sensitized. That is a message being sent out that the Supreme Court is taking this seriously. It doesn't think that you know it is just something to be ignored, or you know dealt lightly. Meaning Matthew sent a personal message, it is the lecture was very clear and it reminded to all the lawyers. And then we have a Monica Jolota on the YouTube. She's also trained me to do. She's also a deputy advocate general Punjab. She writes detailed thoughts and thank you ma'am for sharing your all the knowledge. Ma'am thank you for sharing your insights. We are actually delighted to have a different flip of the mindsets to understand the nitty gritties of law and deeper version. And tomorrow, friends will connect at 6pm to understand the professional branding through a story trailing by Heera Srivastav. So do stay connected with us at 6pm. And ma'am once again, on behalf of all those participants who have watched us live on the YouTube and subsequently will watch that. We are thankful to you. And I can say with assurance that I am saying it's one of the rare instance that the participants on the Zoom as well as on the YouTube continue to be stagnant. It means they didn't just come and go, but they kept on hearing because it was inside the session. Thank you ma'am.


Have you had any moments where you just said to yourself, yes? Well, I think just getting the job here was an accomplishment like that, you're describing. But my work in the energy sector, I think, is very long-term. It has a long perspective. So I think that, and that's something that you really need to be prepared for as a student when you go out into the real world. You need to be prepared that the results might not just come overnight. You may go around for several months without really feeling that you reached a goal. So you have to be really oriented towards the fact that the goal can be far into the future. Sound advice.


And because that person didn't believe in God you walked off. Yeah If you had to do it again, would you do it? Do the same thing? Man, I feel like Because I know you believe in God and If you had to because I know you went on another podcast before and Because that person didn't believe in God you walked off. Yeah If you had to do it again, would you do it? Do the same thing?  That was just some day Giving the shot out of Dallas. That was Big D Mogul media Mogul media, but the reason why I go back on this show, right? He said no boss talking But the reason why I because we've I we've mentioned that topic on the set before and what it said is What did you say? about um Well, you know me and Big D go back and forth because I feel like I'm a I'm the type of guy that can handle those Conversations because at the end of the day, I'm very sure of who I am and who I believe in So those are things that I step up to the plate on because I know The reason why I feel the way I feel about the guy that I serve correct and him me and him can do this all day And to be that lights. Yeah, well, I definitely got to be that light You got to be a light in the midst of any darkness So if he's dark then I would be wrong not to be that light in the mr. Him. Okay, and also I'm just gonna tell you something but at the same time You it's like You can understand it and it's a time and place for everything though Like you and your woman you can understand what she's saying But if she said at the wrong time, you might react a certain way Like we can talk about something But if it's if it's that don't put me on the spot in front of the world to defend something that I grew up So passionately believing in correct because I'm a react passionately correct now If it's something like that, that's like my woman do something, you know, it might be disrespectful Don't talk to me about it in front of your friends bitch cuz I might talk to you crazy I ain't gonna call you no bitch cuz I've been trying to work on But I'm saying I might react the way that you might feel a disrespect but I feel disrespected I think I think anytime you dealing with spirituality. It's a very touchy subject a lot of time They tell you don't bring it up on the job But I still do You know, I'm saying so I can't really not talk about him no matter where I'm being real cuz we might need him no matter where So I'm always bring him up and if you don't talk to me about him, I might think you the antichrist I don't know man.   You feel me But cuz I just understand how the world is it's so sensitive right now and it's like I At first it bothered me, but it's like what's gonna cry about it. I'm used to it So you gotta just adapt I got it. I gotta ask you about a takeoff, you know, he died and I killed in in H town Yeah, I'm like Out here. Do you some say gambling? We just a legend.  You might show it the next day, but you definitely So so I mean like like how how important is it to be on your pees and cues out there man at night like that? Man, I feel like at the end of the day man If you a real screening man, you just really came from the hood because it's a lot of dudes That's from the hood, but they can be honorable good luck good guys You just respect them like you just know he a hood dude. You feel me? I feel like you just gotta know it's it's certain things or As a baby They can put close to house numbers hot hot in the streets.  It's a self-conscious that you don't even really got to learn You know when you do it.   Let me ask you this about checking in when you get to certain cities How do you feel about the check-in code or whatever you want to call it? I feel like if you portray yourself a certain way you need to follow the guidelines If you coming out on some game-bang shit, it's a chance to come in, you know I'm saying I feel like If you not this day like that if you is then do is do it come with it You know, I'm saying and as far as like protecting yourself as an artist like I just always a vibe he was like me I Was and shout out shout out to Princess Dolly, man Princess Dolly in the house. Yes, sir. Just want a new addition That's all money for money to win the collision Princess Dolly hottest artist coming out of Dallas in 2023 I promise you I ain't just home.  Oh the best female rapper. I say no female. None of this I said the best artist in Dallas in 23 Princess Dolly. She came up I'm gonna hit some music when we stop. I got you. All right I'm on the floor on the on the you know saying on the wall.   No, you were talking about how careful you have to be out here in the streets like that correct, but When I think about PB and rock in California at Okay, do you actually like speak to your significant other and let her know? Okay? These are the rules and regulations. You can't do this. You can't do that and you know Because most of time what I realize about street guys, they don't normally talk to street girls Yeah, exactly, but you got to know when it's a real street guy.  They're just like For instance, I was at the studio the other day with my orders. Dolly. Mm-hmm. It's a dude now He was excited. He's so legit. What do you chillin? We were working. You got to excited. He started recording I don't mind you recording, but if I see you on the social media platform you recording on right then I know you plan on posting this right now. Yeah, the next night. I said, hey, bro. Don't do that He didn't he took the video. I said now go delete that. He deleted it She was right. I said don't do that while we're right here. Mm-hmm. We're not doing none of that at the end of the day I Don't even lead the type of life where I'm having no big beef or no shoot us with these right now You know, I'm saying I thought you don't never know who want to deal with clout exactly man It's like people get too comfortable. Mm-hmm. They get to a certain point. They're like, oh, but You can't never get too comfortable, man. Yeah, I tell people that all the time That's how one with the king man. This motherfucker wanted peace.   I just pray protection over them Because they got because all of them ain't got sins. Yeah, it's real


toilet what? Only independent with all the otheruss the no. program program but but ॐ ॐ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ ौ udge


Every year you're under the microscope and your delegates are grading you on how much they learned, how much they networked, and if there's value in coming back to the conference again next year. This week's post, we're talking about ways that you can create an engaging association meeting so that you can retain those delegates and attract new ones to your event. Stick around. Hey everyone, it's Leanne Calderwood from conferencedirectandconferencesource.net and Steven and I work with association meeting planners every single day. In fact, they're really the inspiration of this blog post because we've seen some of the best of the best in the industry when it comes to planning events that create engagement and attract delegates year over year. So we're going to go through some of the tips and best practices that we've seen our association planners use over the years and some of the things that we've even seen in some of the events that we attend in hopes that you can find something new to infuse into your association meeting to keep them engaging and keep your delegates coming back for more. Tip number one, it comes as no surprise, is great programming. Now this could take the form of a keynote speaker or breakout speakers but the key to great programming are topics and things that the delegates are talking about before they even get to your conference. So these are hot topics, things that need to be tackled today or looking into the future. If you start to rely on programming that's happened year over year in the past to kind of drive your content that's where you're going to start to see a lot of attrition in your numbers because people want something new. Tip number two, different formats. Now this could be the format of the conference itself or even the room setup as a format.  It's become a lot more interactive. The rooms themselves have become engaging with AV and lighting setup and you can play around with all these different formats, even have sponsors get involved in creating a setting that's going to energize your delegates and engage them in dialogue when they get into the room. Tip number three, sticking to your budget. All association planners have budgets and they're quite strict as most association meetings are meant to create revenue for them. So when looking at your budget especially when it comes to perhaps decor items start to dig into things like Pinterest and even Amazon to find items and things that you can use that's going to save you some money. You might even also be able to piggyback on some of the decor that's in the venue already. It could be even seasonal decor that a venue has brought in for their overall hotel or destination. You can piggyback on those things and infuse them into your event to save on your budget. Wise use of AV and lighting can also transform a space. I recommend talking to your AV tech about things that fall in your budget but things that might look different than something they experienced last year. Looking at your food and beverage budget there's a ton of ways that you can infuse local and in season products that will save on your budget. In fact over at conference source.net we have a food and beverage checklist that you can download that will allude to some of these budget saving tips. Tip number four keeping an event history. Now you may not think that this lands itself to engaging meetings but this ties into your budget by having some buying power with the hotels when you have a strong event history to take into negotiations with you. Now of course this is something that Steven and I also do with our association clients and if you need more tips on negotiating with the venue and destination regarding your event history certainly reach out to us but have your event history at hand when you start those negotiations with the venue and that will help you save some dollars here and there that you can now put towards your engagement budget and your programming budget and your room format budget. Tip number five partnering with another association. We are seeing this a lot with our association clients but we're also seeing this in our own industry. We're seeing MPI and ILEA chapters pair up to host events and conferences. We're seeing the event which is a collaboration of three MPI chapters in eastern Canada. This is an incredible way to say to share resources.  All of you can come together with your expertise and really create an event that is different and innovative when you start to partner. Tip number six one of my favorite is gamification. It's still alive and well and infusing gamification into your association events will have people interacting with each other through social media and of course outside social media. You don't have to do all your gamification through a phone. You can also do it through name badges where you have trivia and tips on the name badge that they have to pick up on. Gamification can take so many different forms and if you have any questions about gamification certainly reach out and I can point you in the right direction. Tip number seven is marketing. So you can also innovate your marketing by doing it in different ways. You've likely come a long way since mailing out brochures in the mail or postcards in the mail. You were likely already on social media. Now if I'm talking to you and you haven't started using social media now is the time to leverage some of those platforms to drive attendance to your events. So marketing looks completely different nowadays than it used to 10 or 20 years ago. Using social media using advocates which are like micro influencers for your industry using those individuals is going to save you a lot of money on your marketing budget and probably reach the audience that you want to reach. So delve into how you can use those the next time you make your marketing strategy.  The hotel or the destination can do a lot to create engagement with your delegates. It can be simple as the flow of a well laid out hotel in the middle of nowhere or it can be a busy destination with lots to do outside of the conference venue. So location really goes back to your goals and objectives and I did a post about goals and objectives and you can view that video here but it can really lend itself to creating an engaging meeting for your association delegates. These are some of Stephen and I's best practices when planning association meetings but we've likely missed quite a few of them and we'd love to hear from you association planners about some of the best tips and tricks that you use to create your engaging meetings. Will you please comment below this video and let us know what your tips are. Creating engagement for your delegates need not be onerous but you do need to put some time, some talent and some resources in this area to create the best possible engagement for your delegates. This is what's going to create return engagement and new delegates to your meeting. To learn more about our complimentary services hop on over to conferencesource.net and see if there isn't something that Stephen and I can do to help enhance your next meeting as well. Best of luck on your upcoming meetings this year and we'll see you soon. Bye for now.


Have I heard that Svjontek is changing her coach? I did, Joanna. Somebody in the chat said it before. So, breaking news! Igas Svjontek has split with her coach, Piotr... I can't pronounce that name. Piotr... Svjontek... Am I even getting it close? Anyways, Igas Svjontek split with her coach. After working with him for more than five years, the 2022 French Open Champion set on Saturday. The 29-year-old helped develop Svjontek's game from Junior Tennis Circuit to the Professional Circuit, leading her to the Junior Wimbledon title in 2018 and the French Open two years ago, or last year. He was named Coach of the Year in 2020. The same year that Svjontek was named most improved player on the WTA Tour. This is what Svjontek said in the Instagram post. This change is really challenging for me, and this decision wasn't easy either. I found myself that sometimes in my professional life, we need changes to develop more, evolve and meet other people with whom we're going to create cooperation for the next stages of our development. I would like to thank you, Coach, for everything that you have done for me is what Svjontek said in the Instagram post. So breaking news, Ega Svjontek splits with Coach and is now Coachless going into the new season. Who is she going to hire? We've seen a lot of players split with coaches, haven't we, on the WTA. And usually there's always coaching changes this time of year. There you go, breaking news. Thank you for whoever bought that up in the chat. Interesting move, but odd for Ega. Look, it's usually in December of every year we have coaching changes. It happens every year.


In this video, we're going to be talking about Faraday's law and how we can use Faraday's law to determine the induced voltage that is going to be across a coil when it has a current rise or fall through it. So here we have a typical coil. We've just got a bunch of wire wrapped around, say an iron core. When we have current rise or fall through it, we have magnetic lines of flux being created. Magnetic lines of flux are going from north to south as they're apt to do. And what will happen is as current rises through this conductor and through this coil, it's going to induce a voltage. And we're going to use Faraday's law to determine what that voltage is. Same way if current falls, if we suddenly see current drop out of this circuit, we're going to get a voltage induced as well. Because what will be happening is our lines of flux are cutting conductors and when that happens, it induces a voltage. So let's take a look at Faraday's law. Here we have E, which is the induced voltage, is equal to negative L. That's going to be the inductance of the inductor. This delta I is going to be your change in current and delta T is the amount of time, the change in time that you're using. So let's throw up some examples of what we're talking about here. Let's say I've got an inductor and it is 300 mH. So it has an inductance of 300 mH. That's where we will put this in here. Now, you'll notice we don't actually have a negative in front of that. The negative is part of the formula because it will tell us whether or not the induced voltage will be helping the voltage that is the source voltage or if it will be opposing it. So that's what that negative stands for. And we'll talk about that in just a second here. Next up, let's say that we have three amps rising through this inductor. So it started at zero and we have three amps rising up through there. That'll be our delta T. It started at zero and it ends up at three. And so our delta I, sorry, is going to be three amps. Next up, let's say that all that that happens in is in 50 milliseconds. So that's in delta T. That's our change in time. So what we're going to do is we're going to take these numbers here and we're going to plug them up into our formula. We change the 300 millihenries into Henry's. That's why I have a point three three amps rising. That's a positive. We're going from a zero up. So that will be a positive three. And we convert the milliseconds 50 milliseconds into seconds, which is point zero five. Then we just plunk that into the calculator three divided by point zero five times point three negative gives us our answer negative 18 volts. Now it's important that we understand that that negative 18 volts means that this voltage is going to be opposing the source voltage is pushing back on it. And when we get into inductive reactance discussions, that's important to understand. So if this was three amps falling, let's say, then this would be a negative in front of a negative three here. Sorry, there would be a negative right there. Let me just draw that in there for you so I can get my point across. But I would have a negative in there if this said falling. So if there was current falling, that's negative three, then we do the calculation. We get the same number, but we would see that there'd be no negative there because as current is falling, the inductor would try to keep it up so it would be aiding the source voltage. So that is how we would use that formula. Let me just go ahead and get rid of those marks. And that's how you walk through our formula here of E is equal to negative L delta I over delta T. Just remember that your L is your inductance in Henry's. So if you're dealing with Miller Henry's, which is very common, you have to convert that to Henry's. Your I is your current and you have to determine whether that current is rising. If it's a rising current, it's a positive number. If it's a falling current, it is a negative number. And then our delta T is the amount of time that that happens in. And that's how you calculate out induced voltage using Faraday's law.


Hello, in this topic, I will be dividing my topic into three different lectures. First part of it is overview of the brain tumors, what we are supposed to know. The second and third part of it is a general description of different type of brain tumors. So the first lecture is kind of more complicated, covers the genetic markers and the new developments that have happened in the new WHO classification, what the nomenclature has changed. And the second and third are more so geared towards overall general radiologists who see brain tumors very rarely, just so that they know about what a tumor looks like. As an general approach in a neuro-oncology institute, we are not so much geared towards identifying what the tumor is rather than how to treat the tumor. So my first lecture is mainly directed at those institutions and those people who practice neuro-oncology treatment, both in imaging as well as clinical services. And it is a bit more complicated and more advanced for a general radiologist. The other two lectures are basic. So one of the things that we'll be talking about what has changed in the classification. So in 2006, it was entirely almost based on histology or the cell lines of the tumor. Whereas in 2016, the WHO came up with a new classification which added the molecular markers or the genetic markers associated with the tumor. So what was the advantage of adding that? One of the things was to get a corrected diagnosis which may be different from how it looks histologically. And second or more important than that was the overall outcomes of treatment of the tumor. So how the tumor will behave, how it will respond to treatments and whether we can have directed chemotherapy. Just as an example, if we look how the histology and the molecular markers may be discordant. Now, so we have a glial tumor which is histologically appearing as an astrocytoma but has an IDH mutation and has 1P19Q co-deletion which is the chromosomal co-deletion. And another tumor which histologically resembles oligodendroglioma but by microscopy has IDH mutation, ATRX and TP53 mutations but with an intact 1P and 19Q co-deletion. In these things, the histology is trumped by the genotype. So actually the first tumor will be an oligodendroglioma as the second tumor will be actually an astrocytoma despite the fact that they are histologically appearing different. So the treatment because of this can change. Again, these are numbers that I've thrown out but I will be going through each one of these things the each one of these genetic markers. So by the end of the lecture, hopefully you will have a better idea of what I'm thinking. So as always, what did the WHO use for the classification of brain tumors? So they have four criteria. One is anaplasia. Second is the mitotic activity. Third will be the endothelial cell proliferation and fourth is necrosis. And based on which criteria and how many criteria are present they class from grade one through grade four. So grade one tumors do not have any of these criteria. So they tend to be non-enhancing, slow-growing, relatively better prognosis, non-minutant with long-term survival. So this is a case of grade one neoplasm where there's a frontal white matter subcortical area of mass with mass effect associated but with a narrow zone of transition no periturum edema and absolutely no enhancement and this is how it looks in histology. In histology throughout my residency, my medical school all I knew was blue means bad and pink means good. So as the blue gets more and more and more it means the tumor is becoming more and more aggressive and then it loses its characteristics that makes it even worse. So this is here you can see the blue is outnumbered by the pink in the slide. So this is a relatively lower grade neoplasm. In grade two WHO classification they'll have one criteria, generally psychological ATPA. These tend to be slightly more aggressive but still will overall prognosis is good. It can be both malignant and non-malignant. They tend to recur, may or may not recur after treatment. So this is a very, very similar tumor located in again in the right frontal subcortical region but if you see in the post contrast here there is a very faint enhancement seen associated with the tumor. Again, not much of peritumeral edema or abnormal signal in the associated subjects and white matter. And again if you see the blue has increased compared to this and this is grade two. In grade three there'll be two criteria, mainly anaplasia and mitotic activity. These tend to be anaplastic astrocytoma. They are more aggressive. They're relatively significantly aggressive tumors. They almost always are malignant. They almost always tend to recover but there is not much of necrosis or hemorrhage associated. Typically there is no hemorrhage associated with this. So this was a tumor in the right parietal lobe with peritumeral edema, a wide zone of transition not clearly demarcated as the other two and on contrast shows intense enhancement and see how much of blue has increased over here as opposed to the pink. And then grade four tumors will meet three or four criteria of the double which of classification would be anaplasia, mitotic activity, endothelial proliferation and or necrosis hemorrhage which will be seen in these. So this is what like classically the grade four will be gliomethosis cerebrae or glioblastoma to form a which will have central necrosis peripheral enhancing. Here there's one which is crossing the middle line through the corpus callosum which typically the GBMs do thick rind of enhancement, central necrosis these are almost aggressive, very aggressive tumors tend to recur, tend to be fatal and very rapidly growing tumors with large zones of transition, peritumeral edema. And here they've lost the characteristic and with a lot of blue almost like too many cells over here losing the characteristic and distribution and the pattern that is seen in your tissue. So this was what the WHO classification. So all that is there. This was always there. This is histological classification. Now in 2016, we added genetic classification to add on to that. So there's new nomenclature which we have. So first we'll call the tumor by the histology and then add to it the genetic marker to it. So there'll be astrocytoma which is associated with IDH mutant type or medialoblastoma which is WN2 activated. So there'll be two words now associated with the tumor. You just don't say it as astrocytoma and stop at that glioma or GBM and stop at that or oligodendroglioma and start at that. You will have to mention about the IDH type, the co-deleted or not co-deleted or the TERT or the ATRX or the P53, all these things you will have to add on. So that is the new nomenclature. They can have more than one gene markers associated with this, like an oligodendroglioma, maybe an IDH mutant as well as 1P19Q co-deleted. So that is another thing that you will have to have as many genetic markers that are associated with the tumor to be mentioned in that. Then if the tumor is lacking a genetic mutation, you call it a wild type. So if there's no association of any genetic mutation that you can find with the GBM, you will call it GBM, oligodendroglioma, IDH wild type. And occasionally you cannot do the test or the test is non-concluso or you're not equipped with the testing parameters at your institution, then you call it a not otherwise specified. So you can call it, if you don't have the genetic markers, you can call it say oligodendroglioma, not otherwise specified. And therefore some other genetic markers, alterations that are present, you can call it positive or negative, like in Ependidomoma, you can mention whether it is a deal of a fusion positive or negative. So that is all the new nomenclature that has been added. And this is what you're supposed to give out in tumor board. Again, you don't give a histological diagnosis when you're reading MRI scans, but when you're sitting together in a tumor board where there's interdisciplinary conferences and post treatment, they're showing you an MRI then and they say, this is what the tumor is. And they tell you that gene markers, then you can predict whether these are going to be recurrent tumors or these are pseudo progression or pseudo response. That is where these tumor molecules actually help you out. So I'll again go briefly through these molecules and by the end of the lecture, like I said, you will be generally be more able to differentiate. So these are the most important tumor markers that we talk about in radiology. They are IDH, which is isocetadine hardness, 1P19Q deletion of a chromosome, MGMT, TERT, ATRX, and the P53 or tumor suppressor protein 53. Again, I will go through one of each of these in brief and what their significance is. So IDH is basically an isocetadine hydrogenase. There are two types of it, IDH-1 and IDH-2. IDH-1 is basically substitutes glycine to arginine in enzyme codon 132, it is associated with tumorogenesis. So if the mutation is present, it is associated with tumorogenesis. IDH-2 is basically a mutation in codon 172 and it's associated with seizures, weak muscle tone and progressive cerebral damage. What is the significance for us in IDH? The IDH tumors, the mutations, they tend to be relatively slower going, although they tend to ricker frequently. They tend to have less peritumoral edema, so they'll have a sharp margin, a narrow zone of transition and they tend to have less enhancement. So this is an example of an IDH-positive tumor where there is this tumor, these are different cases. So there is this tumor, very little peritumoral edema, almost very little to no enhancement associated with. And this is a case of IDH negative. Again, there's a lot of peritumoral edema and enhancement associated with it. The significance of this in is that the patient with the IDH mutation will be a better outcome, overall outcome, better prognosis associated with it. So when you have a treated patient and he has had surgery and he comes back for a follow-up examination and you see an area of T2 signal intensity, is this treatment related? Is this a recurrent tumor or is this pseudo response or is this pseudo progression? So if the patient had IDH mutation, chances are he was treated and this is all treatment related as opposed to if the patient was IDH negative, this is likely recurrent tumor if the characteristic appearance of the brain is changing. So that is the significance of IDH, knowing the IDH presence or mutation presence or not presence brain tumor imaging. Next molecule marker that we talk about a lot is the 1P19Q co-deletion. This is situated on both short arm of 1P and long arm of 1919Q which is having the significance of overall prognosis. So this is a good marker of the prognosis of a tumor. And so how it affects a radiology is if it is co-deleted, then it tends to have a better prognosis. There is overall improved survival. It is overall predictive for the response of chemotherapy, radiation therapy and a treatment associated. So this was a patient who was co-deleted and you can see how the tumor is sort of localized, narrow zone of transition, very little peridumeral changes and this was a co-deleted negative again, just as you saw with the IDH mutant negative, similar changes are associated with 1P19Q co-deleted negative where there's associated significance based on genic edema, mass effect, peridumeral edema. Again, in itself, when you see this case for the first time, you don't give out the histology as co-deleted positive negative. This is something that you are supposed to know post-treatment on the follow-up studies to see whether the patient has recurred or not recurred for tumor. So any patient with co-deleted will be overall a better prognosis as opposed to negative, which will have a poor prognosis. So if you see changes or characteristics, signal abnormalities in a co-deleted negative, then you will raise concern for recurrent tumor rather than just change. The next one is MGMT. So these three markers along with P53 are probably the three most important markers in tumors. MGMT represents methyl guanine, methyl transverse gene and this is basically the ability of the gene to repair DNA. So in a tumor, when there is rapid multiplication and our approach to treatment mainly by alkylating agents is to damage that DNA and kill those cells and prevent its replication. If the MGMT is very, very effective, then it will immediately repair the DNA and the tumor will continue to grow. So, and this depends upon the promoter region of the MGMT gene and that we call, you will hear the terms unmethylated or methylated. So if it is unmethylated, these tend to be resistant to chemotherapy. So these tend to be aggressive tumors. These tend to be less response to treatment as opposed to methylated or hypermethylated promoter gene which is a favorable prognostic factor and these will be more susceptible to treatment and will be having over-prognosis. So this is a case of an promoter unmethylated which is a kind of a more aggressive tumor and less response to treatment versus methylated tumor which has a better outcome. And as you can see on the ROI, there is a thick rind of CBV, there is more tumor, more edema and all those things are higher as opposed to the methylated tumor. These are both the same GBMs, but one is methylated, one is unmethylated. And again, in the follow-up examinations, if you're supposing somebody says his IDH mutant is co-deleted and he is hypermethylated, all these will fall into better prognosis and you see a treated patient with some signal characteristics, you will talk about them being probably for treatment change as opposed to if it is not IDH mutant, it is unmethylated and it is not co-deleted, all these will be probably any signal change you will raise for tumor recurrence. The other two TERT and ATRX, these are really something that the oncologist is supposed to know when he talks to the patient, he tells them about the overall response, treatment, survival and all these things that really for us, it doesn't make a difference. The main thing is that TERT is associated with poor survival, poor response to treatment, on imaging, there is not much significant difference between what we can do one way or the other. Just clinically, we should know that if TERT is that marker is present, then the outcomes will be poorer as opposed to ATRX, which is inversely proportional to the TERT, overall ATRX, alpha thalassemia, mental retardation, syndrome, X-link, this gene has an overall inverse response as opposed to TERT, but the important thing about ATRX is it's frequently associated with other mutations like with IDH or TP53. And so again, if we talk about what, like if the patient has IDH mutant, if he is TERT negative ATRX positive and co-deleted, all these will have a better prognosis and whenever we see a signal change on the tumor post-treatment, it is more likely to be treatment change rather than recurrence as opposed to all these being negative, the reverse with ATRX low and TERT high and IDH being non-mutant and not co-deleted, these will have a poor prognosis and these will probably be recurrent tumors. The next and the last, most important of the tumor markers that we take into account is the P53, this is a tumor suppressor gene. So its presence basically decreases the tumor genesis as opposed to its loss, it causes DNA damage, hypoxia, oncogenic activation and all those damages that causes occurrence. So this is a case of increased expression of P53 where even though the patient has tumor, it is kind of localized, it has a narrow zone of transition, it doesn't have much of spread. So overall this is a better prognostic factor, post-treatment, you see this, there is signal change, the patient has P53, X-ray increase expression, you tend to call it treatment change rather than tumor as opposed to poor expression of P53, it's a more aggressive, spreads into the white matter is associated with more aggressive factors and has an overall poor prognosis and any change in signal and appearance after treatment with poor expression of P53, you would call recurrent tumor more likely. Other molecule markers that we talk about are the embryonal markers as in like the chromosome 19 which is associated with upregulation of the oncogenic tumors. So tumor, poor prognosis, then it can be W into activity and then sonic hijack active groups which are also associated with tumor genesis and these are the other markers which these are really something that we don't much talk about. The other markers that we mentioned about the IDH and the chromosomal correlation and the TRT, ATRX, P53 and MGMT, these are the main markers that we talk about in brain tumors. So if somebody wants to know about how these affect on from grade one through grade four of tumors and which is more, which is less, this is a good graph overall to give an overall idea. So again, we talked about that IDH mutant, co-deleted, ATRX negative, TRT negative, ATRX positive, P53 increased activity, these are all associated with better prognosis, treatment, post-treatment, if you see changes you would think more likely to be treatment change rather than recurrent tumor, you would more likely, before you go in, treat again, aggressively treat, you would hold back and you would do follow-up examinations before you are 100% sure that there's actually tumor and then go in as opposed to the reverse of this where you would be more inclined to have an aggressive approach and go in again and treat the patient again. So those are the main things why we should be aware of the tumor markers or the gliomas in treatment, in the oncological approach.


What's up everybody, Jason here for Jasper's Casebreak.com. Another bounty break here guys. This is fantasy sports break, multi sports, six box case break, three random teams each number four. And again guys, fantasy sports is multi-sport, it's football, basketball, baseball. Mainly those three sports but they do incorporate sometimes some packs of like WWE and others so for those packs what we've been doing guys, if we get them we'll keep them sealed, we'll randomize them and give them away to one customer of course but mainly football, basketball, baseball is what it is. So of course everybody gets a random team of the NFL, MLB and NBA and then Commander's Texans were combo for the football as well as the Browns Raiders. So look for two hits in every box and close with two packs as well and yeah guys so here we go. Here's the dice roll, here's the customer names. So we'll randomize the names first with the same dice roll then we'll do the names for the football, baseball and basketball teams. NFL, five and a three eight times, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven and eight. Eight times, five, three, eight, David down to Jarod so we're going to go obviously NFL here, MLB here and NBA so all of you have the same list there. Now let's go with NFL first eight times, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. So because there's so many teams guys I'm not going to say every single team so you kind of have to look for yourself eight times, eight times. So we'll do NFL first and I'll give you guys a quick couple seconds here to look at your teams so just the way it came out right there. And David with the Steelers blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah all the way down there. For now I'll go back to these so don't worry but for now let me alphabetize them now and then you guys can see your teams like the alphabetically. Now I'm going to go to the MLB now, we're going to go eight times of course on the MLB teams, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Seattle Mariners out of the Texas Rangers of course, boom, that's the way I matched up first so there's your teams there, David Dolly started with the Mariners and then blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah there's all the teams there. So now alphabetize it here, there you go and then we'll go NBA now, last one eight times. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Thunder down on the magic, so David Dolly with the Thunder and then blah blah blah blah blah. Remember guys if you guys are going to trade, you have to trade by sport, you can't trade like one team from the NBA for a team of the NFL, NBA with the NBA, MLB, MLB, NFL, NFL. So just FY. There you go guys and like I said if anybody's watching and they kind of want to see a specific sport I'll do it like that. Sure, Dave Joe. You have Minnesota Twins and Padres for MLB and then you have the Colts and Rams for the NFL. Again guys I won't keep the trade window open so if you see someone chatting that wants to trade a specific team and you don't hear anybody else just trade with each other, obviously can't guarantee that everybody's available to trade and watching so like Drake and Jason Joe you guys probably best to trade with each other honestly if you guys want to pull off a trade. If not I'm going to close it. I don't want to keep it open for five, ten minutes and hope somebody you know comes in and wants to trade Harry with two and Dynasty. Nice shot. Alright, Jason pulled off a trade, I feel like you like to trade, huh Jason? I have to get that trade Mojo. Alright, I'll do that trade then. Is that good? Drake, you're cool with that then? I know you proposed it but I just want to make sure, okay deal, good luck sir, okay. So Hawks for Wizards. Alright guys I'm going to close it in 30 seconds. Alright, let's just close it then. Closed it. Dunzo, one trade at least. Alright so I think this is the only case we had back there guys so I know we've done a couple already but I think probably we're able to get one more in and then that's it for now obviously. Doesn't mean we can't get more but maybe Nick was just able to find one more. Yep, I think I had announced that in the beginning of the video this time. Soccer pack will be randomized there to MLS Finest and then we'll open this one up of course because it's baseball. So again a lot of base here, let's get to right to the little center side here. Fisk, Brazacunia, Aaron Judge. And we've got a Joe Montania flashback autographs there, 91 out of 99 for the 49ers. So let's see 49ers is TJ, there you go, very nice. And then Cavend BGL rookie autograph, gold out of 50. Nice one there, that's baseball, Blue Jays, Victor with the Blue Jays, very nice, 27 out of 50. Also to you guys the numberings we're looking for is 24 out of 99, 100 out of 199 and then 196 out of 299. So that one doesn't count, this one of course was a little off. But we continue on, about a 93-94 for their Ultra, kind of cool. And then there is a WWE Chronicles. And look at that, we've got a T-Law prism silver and it looks very centered I will say a little bit nice. Back is a little off-centered but the front looks pretty good. T-Law silver rookie, that's Jacksonville Jaguars, Ryan with the Jaguars. Then we have a Project 70 Aaron Judge out of 70, 45 out of 70, that's pretty cool. Yankees with that one, Nicole Yankees. And it's open up to 93-94 for your Ultra. And Sean Bradley, first round pick, that's kind of cool, leave it with Sean Bradley, just technically I guess a rookie. The egg hobby looks like, I guess one's egg hobby. And we've got a Dan the Man, Marino Blue, 99 out of 99, a little Rikki Williams. Update retail pack, alright first one we've got is a Edwin Arroyo Green PSA 9, 60 out of 99 for the Mariners. Seattle Mariners, David Dolly. And we have a Lamella Ball prism PSA 10 Rikki for the Charlotte Hornets. Charlotte Hornets NBA is David Dolly as well. Alright, half way through guys, three more boxes.  Alright, we got a Daniel O'Torru, RPA to 49 for the Clippers. Clippers is Nanti. And then we have a Tony Gwynn Otto, nice, San Diego Padres. The Padres are for trade, aren't they? That's right, Joe Cook tried to trade him, there you go, some dust or something. 222 Bowman Crohn, Junior Pettis for the Oakland A's, 27 out of 199. Thank you, thank you guys. I sneezed like six, seven times before I stopped so if you guys haven't heard me sneeze on camera that's how you usually go, that's how you usually tell people just wait until I'm done. And a Jordan 30 out of 50, yeah you should do some reaches on Tony Gwynn, he's Mr. Padres. Alright, we have Lightning Strike, that is Juju Smith Schuster for the Steelers, 68 out of 100. So Steelers, David Doller, and a little Carl Jastramski for the Red Sox, that's a framed autograph from the Museum Collection, that's a case hit, 8 of 15. Red Sox, Ryan Bartow, last two packs are both baseball, I'm in Ginzer, Suki, a little gold. Alright, last two hits here guys, good luck. First one is a Hoops Zolly Wilson Backstage Pass, PSA 9 for the Pelicans, New Orleans Pelicans, TJ Poir, and then last one is a nice, almost a perfect card, right? Christine 10, autograph 10 out of 25, Clouds DeFractors, that is Emmett Smith from Topps High Tech Football, nice. So everything was a 10 minus the surface 9-5, so almost a perfect card, which is pretty nice. That was the last year that Topps had made football in 2015, they went all out, crazy. Alright, so Cowboys, who has the Cowboys? Here's Pear, there you go, good way to end it there. Alright, so there you go folks, there was all the hits there, some nice stuff popping out of here as always. So I'm going to randomize those packs all in one lot to one customer, some of these packs aren't really worth too much, maybe even a couple bucks, so all the multi-sport or non-MW baseball, all that stuff would go to one. Alright, so let's switch scenes and then the list is the same for all here, so I'm just going to just grab the first one, it doesn't really matter, just paste in the names, this would be for all the multi-sport packs that are not MLB, ML, NFL, and NBA. Roll 3-2-5 times, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. 5, 5, Joe Cook, there you go, you're going to get a UFC Pack, Optic, Chronicles WWE, and a Finest Soccer MLS, sweet man. So appreciate it folks, thank you guys, jaspyscasebreaks.com.


Want to learn about stocks, cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and the metaverse? Join RichTV.io Guys, how you doing with your boy Rich? You're hosted the most from RichTV Live and Interactive here to talk to you about our world famous top 10 cryptocurrencies for November 2022. And our number one pick is absolutely on fire right now. There's a lot of different reasons why we're going to talk about it, exclusively here with your boy Rich. Now we love cryptocurrencies. Absolutely love Bitcoin. Full disclosure, my number one crypto holding is Bitcoin. My number two crypto holding is Ethereum. But when we do these top 10, we like to look for undiscovered, underappreciated, underexposed, undervalued opportunities. And let's talk about it right here, right now, exclusively on RichTV. All right, with our 10th pick for November 2022, our 10th crypto pick, internet computer symbol ICP, you can see currently at $5. And we always like to look at the circulating supply. You can see the circulating supply is 268 million. So it's a reasonable circulating supply. And we can look at the chart here and see over the last year, it's come from $55 all the way down to this lower level where it's consolidating. And I think there could be a huge gap up here. So internet computer, I mean, this thing has been as high as 400 plus. So huge upside for here. Cryptos are starting to kind of heat up a little bit. And this is one to watch my number 10 pick for November 2022. Now in number nine, XDC, XDC network. Now remember, RichTV Live is strictly for information and education purposes. Please do your due diligence. Please do your research before you invest in anything we talk about here. This is a risky pick, only three cents, 12 billion in circulation. So do not love the circulation of this, but just looking at the chart could be one of those risky plays that has a big move. Once again, been as high as 11 cents, come all the way down to these lower levels where it looks like it's consolidating. So obviously these are all very risky plays. You can see it's been as high as 18 cents. And it's starting consolidating in these levels where if we do have a huge running crypto, we could see some of these picks explode. Now very, very risky. Lots of coins out there not telling you to buy it, but it's one that I'm watching very closely. And if and so and if and when I do buy it, I'll let you guys know XDC. Now in number eight, this is another one that I found very interesting. P A X G packs gold. This is an interesting one. You can see trading at around the price of gold. I think it's interesting. I like the supply only 325,000 in supply. I'm going to watch it added to my watch list and I'm watching it very, very closely. So tight supply and trading like gold. So I think it's interesting. It's interesting one. Put on your radar put on your watch list and I'd love to know what you think about packs gold P A X G. They are my number eight pick for November 2022 in number seven. S N X synthetics SNX synthetics. This one's a $2.50. Take a look at the circulating supply 303 million. So not in the billions. You know, this is more reasonable.  So if you go to all time, you can see that it's been as high as $26 and been as low as let's just say a dollar 86 and we're currently at 251. So another one that I'm watching put on your radar put on your watch list. And they are my number seven pick for November 2022 in number six. G T gate token gate token is my number six pick. They're currently at 464. I'm also going to add them to my watch list. So these are the picks that I'm watching right now. These can change very quickly. cryptos can be extremely explosive and they can change in an instant. So the circulating supply 108 million. I like the circulating supply of this. And when you look at the all time chart, you can see it's been as high as let's say around $11. And it's currently doing quite well right now at this for 50 zone for 60 zone. So one that I'm watching, take a look at the gate token. G T is the symbol and they're my number six pick for November 2022. Now in number five, we're ready down to our final five nexo nexo. Now I try to bring you as many new picks every single month. So you're getting something you to look at. This is another one that I'm looking at nexo 560 million coins. Okay. So not in the billions. And when you look at the all time chart, you can see it's been as high as $4. So currently at a dollar, it's dropped a lot could be a huge gap to fill and we're looking for for coins that have an opportunity to explode. What do you think about nexo? They are my number five pick for November 2022. Now in number four, we're down to our final four STX. Now depending on if there's something that's really hot, I might, you know, that we've talked about before I might add it to the list. Or I'm trying to give you new picks that no one's ever talked about before. Stacks, STX, currently at 31 cents. It does have 1.3 billion coins. So I don't love the coin supply, but it's another one of those risky plays where it has some huge potential because look, it's been as high as $2 and 79 cents. It's currently at 31 cents. So it's come all the way down and started to consolidate.  Do not own it. I'm not telling you to buy it, but it's one that I discovered and I'm watching it very, very closely. Now we're down to our final three in number three. Another one that I've never heard anyone talk about TWT trust wallet token trust wallet token currently at a dollar 20 and I haven't heard anyone talk about it. There's currently 416 million coins in supply. And if we look at its all time chart, we can clearly see it's been as high as a dollar 50 currently right now around a dollar 20. So it's doing quite well. It's doing strong. So love to know what you think about the trust wallet. Like I said, one that I'm watching very closely. I do not own it, but it's one that I think has some serious potential if the trust wallet continues to grow in number two. We're down to our final two. Zelika ZIL is the symbol Zelika ZIL is the symbol currently at 3 cents. Another one of these risky coins 13 billion in supply. Super risky, but I wanted to give you some different picks that I've found and identified been as high as 24 and then again as high as 18 cents and currently at three. So near a bottom here, we see a spike could be one that could give you a multiple. What do you think of ZIL? It's a cheap one. Everyone keeps saying they want some cheap cryptos that can do a 10 X. This could be one that does well. So love to know what you think about ZIL. That is my number two pick for November 2022. Just looking at the charts looks like something could happen there. And in number one, these guys are just absolutely on fire. So I have to talk about them. Dogecoin. So I've been talking about Dogecoin for a long time. Obviously they just recently exploded. They're currently up 12% and I'm not suggesting you go and buy it, but they are the hottest cryptocurrency in the world right now. You can see up 42% in the last 24 hours as far as volume. So the volume is growing and everyone right now is talking about Doge as it has been absolutely on fire. You could see in the last seven days, look at the last seven day chart. Absolutely ripping up over 150% in the last week. So this is the hottest cryptocurrency right now. These are the types of moves that happen with cryptos explode. And Doge is very heavily involved with Elon Musk, who has just acquired Twitter. And there's a lot of speculation that Doge could be doing some work with Twitter. Now, one thing you have to realize is the huge supply on Doge. 132 billion Doge in supply. Super risky. I'm not suggesting go and buy it, but this right now is the hottest cryptocurrency in the world. I have to bring it to your attention. I have to bring it to your radar. Doge, my number one pick for November 2022. It's absolutely on fire. What do you guys think? Do you agree with me? Do you disagree with me? Love to know what you think. Remember Rich TV Live is strictly for information and education purposes. Please do your due diligence. Do your research before you invest in anything we talk about or discuss here on Rich TV Live. Now you can see it's been as high as 63 cents. You know, I'm not suggesting it's going back there, but it's made these huge moves and it's making another one right now. And it's literally leading the way for all cryptos right now. And you can see in the last seven days, it's been absolutely on fire. This is the last one month chart. So it's come up from six cents. Now it's at 14. It's the number one pick right now. It's been for all of October and it's going to continue. Most likely to be the number one pick for November because it's absolutely on fire. Everyone's talking about it. And Elon Musk has just acquired Twitter. What do you think of my top 10? I'm your host of the most. Your boy, Richard, Rich TV and I'm out. Peace.