So, what you, uh, what you got there, Pablo? What are you, a cop? That's me, a 70-year-old cop in fuzzy slippers in a bathrobe who's come to arrest you for opening an Amazon box. Yep, you nailed it. Very funny. Do me a favor. Will you officer and get me a pair of scissors before you put me away? All right, though. You know they're not going to allow you to keep these scissors once you're in prison, right? Seriously, though. What is in there? I haven't seen you this excited open a box since you got those military-grade binoculars and ended up with a restraining order from you. Hey! We agreed not to talk about that, all right? What if I told you? I got a signed poster by Harambe. The monkey that was killed at the zoo? He's a gorilla, you squash. Oh, I feel so silly. It's so insensitive. Yeah, and I don't want to hear it out of you either. If I said something about Betty White, I wouldn't be just as upset. Yeah, there is no reason to bring Queen Betty into this, okay? She saved a generation. Donkey Kong there couldn't even save a kid from an ape exactly. Oh, there he is. Don't listen to him, Harambe. What does he know?  She's so hot. Do it. Hey, what's up, Vanessa? You want to go out? I got the do. I mean, you are kind of cute. Let's do it. What do you think? Does this look crooked or not? Yeah, a little. I'd say move it down. Is that better? Nah, back up. Just a scope. Okay. How's that? Yeah, left. No, no, no. My left. Tyrone, you have one with two left feet.  It's fine, right there. That's good. All right, I got to get to class. Okay. Sounds like a plan. Give me a call if you fill a part faster than my second marriage. Thank you. Not interested. Goodbye. It looks like you've met your demise for a second time. No way, Pablo. I'm telling you, Tasha, it's real. I swear. Really? Harambe? The monkey. He's a gorilla. There's no way you're being serious right now. For the ninth time, I'm telling you, it came with a certificate of authenticity. I don't know what more proof you need. The weed coming. Oh, Jesus. Just be nice with you for once. What's up? Hey, Austin. How's it going? I ran over a squirrel on the way to get here, but I'm not... we're chilling. What are you guys talking about? Well, I was just telling Tasha that I just got my signed poster by Harambe in today. Harambe? Did you say Harambe? I love Harambe. I would do anything for my sweet prince. Okay, come down. Just get a little worked up when I think about my lord and savior, Harambe. Okay. Would you mind giving us a couple minutes? Uh, why? Can I tag along? Not really. It's kind of a private conversation that me and Tasha were having. Just like one moment. I don't... I don't really have any friends. I could be incorporated into this relationship somehow. I'd greatly appreciate it. We've already given you a moment, all right? This is kind of... No, Minutos? No. Austin, I'm sorry, but no. He said no!  Scram! Why are you so mean to Austin? He's not that bad. I know you're not talking about the kid that just called Harambe his sweet prince. Okay, I'll admit. That was a little weird. Yeah. Slow, maybe. I don't know. Do you still think the poster's fake? Absolutely, yeah. I think you're crazy. I don't know how I'm going to convince you.  So! One thing. Just one. What? No! No, Austin! No! No! No! Just try. Just try. Stop. No. I'm desperate. I can see that. All right, Tasha. I have an idea. I have a deal for you. What? Do I look like Rick Harrison to you? Whatever. You come over after school today and I show you the poster in all of its magnificent glory. If it's real, you have to go on a date with Austin. Whoa! Hey, I have standards, okay? And he does not meet them. What's in it for me? What do I get if it's fake? I'll show up to first period tomorrow naked. I gotta tell my mom. That's right. She left me for Enrique. Okay, Rumbay. A brand new poster. All in one piece this time. And now for the old Rumbay Hancock. Yes, yes, yes. Perfect. He will never suspect. Hem-ba, hem-ba, hem-ba-ray. Your illiteracy has gotten the best of you I can. Ah, jeez. I know my parents are proud. Oh, hey, hey, Pablo. Hey, how's it going Tyrone? Oh, oh, good. You know, just watering the dogs. I mean, I'm just hanging out. You know, just, who's your friend? Oh, uh, this is Tosh. Hey, I can introduce myself. Don't you j-don't. My name is Tosh, Eds. Nice to meet you, Mr. Gray. Uh-huh. Uh, yeah, she's also here to see my signed poster by our Lord and Savior, Rumbay. Oh, yeah, go, good, good, yeah. What do you have behind your back there, Tyrone? Oh, oh. Oh, that's nothing. That's just wanted poster for the cat. We don't have a cat. Which is why we need to get a poster up to get one quickly, you know? Can you guys just give me one second, okay? But why do you- Would you please, for the love of God, just leave? Don't worry about it, buddy. You will never notice. That kid can barely spell as it is. Yeah. You will never notice. At least you look better than you did before you got split like the Red Sea. Yeah, that'll work. Hi, I'm Martin the Tape, and I'm here to sell you tape. That's it, nothing else, just tape. You got a broken pencil? Tape it. You got a broken computer? Maybe try taping it. You got a broken piece of paper? Try taping it. The only thing tape can't fix is my family marriage, but I'll sure try. We got all sorts of tape down here, and we got red tape, yellow tape, white tape, gather tape, duct tape, duct tape, all sorts of tape just for you to try. And if you call this number right now, ask for me, Martin the Tape. I'll give you a buy one, get one free deal on tape. That's it. We only got tape, but call this number, and you'll get a deal. If you get the tape, ask for me. I'll see you here at Tape and Emporium. We're not back in yet. This is taking way too long, old man. You deaf or something? He is. Hey guys, sorry. This is a mess. I just wanted to straighten up for your little friend here. Are you ready to be proven wrong now? Yeah, definitely. Ready to see him in all his apeful glory. Well, look, feast your eyes. I told you this was real, and you called me crazy. You are crazy, but it is kind of cool. Wait a second. Why is it spelled Hambare? You're going to criticize an ape for misspelling his name?  Well, I mean, he does have a point. Hey, watch it, Bozo. I wouldn't be calling anyone Bozo. I'm not the one who has a date with Austin tomorrow. God about that. No, I have to go vomit.  You wouldn't do well in prison. Thanks. I just have a question for you that I would just like to ask. Nothing too major. I know you're very busy and don't have a lot of free time. I would just like to know, why does my poster say Hambare? I don't know. Maybe you should call the zoo and ask them. He was killed in 2016. He's been dead for six years.  Will you stop dodging the question and please tell me, why is this spelled wrong? It wasn't like that when I left this morning. Pablo, Pablo, Pablo, dear, sweetheart. Yeah, yeah, whatever. Just tell me what happened. Nevesi, truth time. I'm going to let you know. Here's what really happened, okay? This morning, when you left for school, around seven, right, I was sitting here on the couch, so it must have been around eight. Eight o'clock. Honestly, God. Sitting here on the couch, reading my paper, minding my own business. Bang! The dorm bursts off the hinges.  Tyrone. Dude, I'm trying to explain what happened to the poster, okay? Next thing I know, they've got me around the neck. I'm trying to fight them off that they've got you. Will you please just tell me what happened? I won't get bad. I promise. The truth is, I may or may not have ripped your hamburgers. What? You said you weren't going to get upset. That was before I found out you turned my poster into a jigsaw bungle. I feel terrible. It was an accident. I did everything I could to make it right. I went to the print shop. I had to make a new poster with the same picture. While I'm waiting for them to get it printed, this huge guy named Bub is there, and he keeps asking me out to dinner. And all I want to do is get out of there, but I stay for you, okay? I even sign the poster until my dyslexia kicks in. But everything I did today, I did for you. So I hope I can be forgiven. Well, I mean, don't get me wrong. I am pissed. But in all honesty, it was kind of an entire waste of money. And I know you didn't mean to ruin my day in a week, in a month, and possibly a year. All right, all right. I get it. Do you forgive me? Yeah, I guess so. But I swear, if you do anything until my Toby McGuire signed dunks. Dude, dude, not to worry. My destructive tendencies end right here, okay? Well, I am very glad to hear that. This does not make me forget about the time that you deep fried my Nemo plushie when I was six, though. Oh my God, you still remember that? That was one time. I was sobbing for a week. And I felt horrible. You looked so defeated, so pathetic, so... Pablo. But... here's the thing. Pablo, you know I don't say this often, but I care about you, dude. You know that? When your parents drowned in that Taco Bell bathroom 20 odd years ago, I knew it was going to be up to me to give you any kind of chance at life. And did I fail? Yeah, miserably. Many times. That's not the point, okay? That's not the point. The point is, I care about you. Like a son. All right? Okay. Yeah, I know. All right, so here's the deal. I'll learn to write if you learn to read, okay? Love you, boy. You come here often? No, not really. I'm not a big fan of seafood. I'm just sneezed all over my plate. I just, like, slipped out. I didn't hear, like, a germaphobe or anything. I am not a germaphobe, but you literally just sneezed all over my plate. It sounds to me like a... like a U-Problem. That's it. I'm out. Whoa, whoa, whoa, whoa. You really should hit the bill. I'm the best baller around. No one compares to me. I mean, I'm just the best in the world and as simple as that. L-A-G-E.


It may be he'll go Yeah, that's what you guys are gonna have to do


Governor Gavin Newsom and LA Mayor Eric Garcetti these photos of them are causing a stir. The pictures went viral along with the hashtag unmask our children. He's the guy in charge. He's the mayor at large with strict restrictions and harsh COVID warnings. He'll put you in jail. You'd have to make a fail if you don't mask up when you are indoors inside.  I've realized that when it comes to learn, all these petrics drop like pellets, masking all these children in the morn.


We can also work backwards through our equation solving for one of the other variables in the equation. So in this example, we have a processor, 100 watts of power. It's using 2 volts of electricity to run at 3 gigahertz.  So we have 100 watts is equal to our capacitive load in Farad's times 2 volts squared. And it runs at 3 gigahertz. So we want to solve for our capacitive load. So we divide by both of these two terms. 100 watts divided by 4 volts squared times 3 gigahertz. Again, we'll need to change our gigahertz into hertz. So we'll have 100 watts divided by 4 volts squared times 3 times 10 to the 9th hertz. Obviously, 100 divided by 4 works out very nicely. Now we'll get 25 over 3 for our main number. Now we have this 10 to the 9th on the bottom. This would become 10 to the minus 9th if we put it on the top. Alternatively, we can write this as 25 thirds and nano Farad's.


s going to show a demo where I was just going to load it up and zoom back and forth so it's not like I have to run the program it's just a static offline analysis you could write other scripts and tools to go ahead and figure out what's going on from a single run so that 2000x overhead sounds pretty awful but when you consider what you can do with the logs at the end of the day it's not so bad so let's see I'm almost done I'm almost on time so this particular technique I would say is really useful for debugging things like bootloader issues like I said there's a magic event where you pivot from machine mode to virtual mode this is super handy because the simulator itself doesn't care whether you're machine mode or virtual mode there's no sort of controversial where you're putting a performance counters or how they're mapped or whatever it is you can just walk right through that transition back and forth back and forth scroll through time and figure out what's going on and then you know like I said earlier you can go back in time which is actually very helpful to be able to do in some certain really tricky bugs so again like open source hardware is cute but it could be useful for people who are not into software maybe there's a reason that if you were looking at a particular CPU and if it had the RTL available to you you can do tricks like this so that's a difference in terms of the visibility and the bug ability that you get into the system so hypothetically if you had the source code for the CPU and they would give it to you you could do things like micro architectural side channel mitigations but more practically in just demonstrate right now we can do debugging and performance profiling so you need a full open source hardware and software stack to do that but even if you're kind of using sham memory at the end of the day if you're not performance profiling you'll at least capture the instructions at correctness and you can you can get through hairy bugs that way and you know it allows you to sort of root cause tricky bugs in a single shot you don't have to re-run the thing over and keep loading it into your into your target hardware you can you can analyze performance of problems with zero overhead so there's no instrumentation overhead you're getting the actual performance issues played out and you can look at stuff that's tricky the highs and bugs, TLB, cache state whatever it is and figure out what's going on without interfering with it so that's it I guess I'm a little bit early but I think we're running behind so it's probably okay thanks yeah thank you very much Bani can we have our next speaker setting up and in the meantime everyone has questions for Bani, he's the CTO and co-founder of Cake BFI and he's going to talk about a deep dive into Bitcoin Ordinal's NFT and introduction to CEDRO Trustless Ordinalist Trading Protocol Thanks everyone who here has not heard of Bitcoin Ordinal's she asked the other way around then who here has heard of Bitcoin Ordinal's there's a lot of hands who here actually own a Bitcoin Ordinal who here has heard of CEDRO protocol I don't expect anyone because I'm going to talk about it for the first time here because we have been working on that I'm using Chua I'm CTO Co-founder of Cake BFI I've had Bitcoin space since 2010 active in the Bitcoin theorem Dash ecosystem doing a lot of development building tools from the early days I was lucky to be the chief architect of Sand Dollar for the CBDC in Bahamas still operating today I'm no longer active in that project but I'm still operating today as built on Bitcoin protocol and I was also lucky to be presenting in some interesting story on that one because my topic on that one was something about uncovering or uncovering a government API or something because I was demonstrating how to reverse engineer an API from a government API and I got a police letter on my door the next day thinking I hacked through a government server which I did not a software that was released by the government on my phone showing the audience how to do that there's no case in the end but took like I think about three months for it to be like cancelled or no, I didn't hack anything that's interesting because of this talk right, so further research it's an R&D arm of Cake BFI so if you're anyone here familiar with Cake BFI a few hints, thanks so Cake BFI is a blockchain platform it's not an exchange, it allows you to grow your crypto in a very transparent open manner all the yields are actually coming from blockchain from protocols, you can actually track where all the yields are coming from so it's not like a black box model like you would see on FTX or three arrows they're going to give you some return but you don't know where the returns are coming from so at Cake BFI everything's very open very transparent and you can see where the yields are coming from and birthday research is actually an arm at Cake BFI what we do here is we contribute to open source projects primarily around the blockchain space Bitcoin DeFi Chain Ethereum and now I'm going to talk about the one specific project that we have been working on that's on the Bitcoin space on Bitcoin Ordinals specifically with that moving ahead let's talk about Bitcoin Ordinals so if you're not familiar with Bitcoin Ordinals this is what it looks like on the website Ordinals.com I'm going to get into the details on what it is it looks a bit like NFT and I'm going to talk a bit on what it is so it also made the news that it's catching up right now that a lot of Ordinals are taking up the block space of Bitcoin and we have over a million Bitcoin Ordinals right now that's floating around in the space and if you're Bitcoiners you also have seen that the Bitcoin block size has gone up by many since about six months back I mean Ordinals have been around for a year now but only about six months that way kind of take off because it supports inscriptions I'm going to talk about that later as well now average Bitcoin block is about before that six months ago it was like that's like never over one megabyte but now it's like two megabytes and sometimes even at a capacity of four megabytes so yeah what are the coin Ordinals basically what Bitcoin Ordinals are if you know what Ordinals is in number theory it's basically just ordering of things like the first and second and third and so on so for those who are new to the Bitcoin space or crypto space one Bitcoin is can be broken down into 100 million which is one E8 Satoshi so the smallest unit on Bitcoin that cannot be divided further it's known as Satoshi with a small letter s because the big s will refer to the name and every single Bitcoin can be divided into eight decimal places and there will only be 21 multiply by 10 to the power of 6 there will be only 21 million Bitcoin ever mined ever in the lifetime of Bitcoin right now I think with mine probably 19 million right now so only about 3 million to go and it just the mining system gradually goes down so what Ordinals are are basically ordering of Satoshi so you would order from the first Satoshi ever minted or ever mined all the way to the last one that's ever been mined so naturally the first one is actually mined by Satoshi himself and so on and so forth so basically it's ordering of Satoshi and so it's basically kind of a game you know started by the creator about how you can make Bitcoin kind of non-fungible right because Bitcoin is meant to be fungible like the one Bitcoin that you get from John the same as one Bitcoin you get from Alice the same one in distinguishable but NFTs or you want to make something that's interesting you want to differentiate the Bitcoin that you get from someone from the other Bitcoin so you have to create a rule on how especially if you send someone else the same Bitcoin how do you track that all the way to whoever that's holding that so you have to have a rule so the person that created this basically just came up with a rule that on the Bitcoin system there's multiple inputs and there can be multiple outputs so you track that how do you even track that where the same Bitcoin is going so you just send kind of like an arbitrary rule so the person, the creator Casey picked up a rule he said it's firstly and first out so if there are multiple inputs and multiple outputs you're going to put the first one and you're going to match to the same output and it's going to keep distributing all the way to to the last output so this kind of you track the provenance of Satoshi in this case Ordinal to kind of track it all the way from it being mined so with the Ordinal system you can actually see where the Bitcoin is coming from where the Ordinal is coming from from the moment it's being minted at the first time so if you get a Bitcoin you should run through an odd server you can actually see where it was mined, who was mined and you can track all the provenance all the way to where you hold it if you look at through a normal Bitcoin kind of a transaction tracking because sometimes your coin gets mingled with other inputs and sometimes it's not you just can't make it up where it's coming from but if you set a rule first and first out you can then track all the way so to make it more interesting the Ordinal system came out with this idea it's kind of like a fun idea now that we can track we can kind of make it non-fungible like what more can we do with it so the person come over with a game on this kind of creating some ideas on how to make some Bitcoin or some Satoshi more rare than the other so there's some mod rule you can kind of go on and start kind of reading on how that's being derived basically it's just arbitrarily defined on how rare Satoshi is so you can see here there's a mythic Satoshi and then you can kind of guess which one is the mythic one which hasn't ever been moved ever from day one so it's signed as a mythic and then the rest is kind of like you have some certain pattern and it's going to fit into some of these uncommon, rare, epic, lingerie so most of the Bitcoin that you get is going to be common and you can also see that there's a kind of supply here so 19 million has been mined 19 million Bitcoin has been mined multiplied by 100 million so that's 1.9 quidrillion even uncommon it's kind of rare actually if you get a Bitcoin, if you run through the system it's very unlikely that you get an uncommon Satoshi so yeah it's quite interesting so but quite almost it's a digital artifact also it's more it's more nerdy than the NFT counterpart on Ethereum because there's a certain rule in place where it's also the reason why almost community doesn't like it to be called NFT because NFT is basically a pointer to something that's arbitrary like if you had an NFT on Ethereum space it can be pointing to a real world object it can point to your sneakers, it can point to your your virtual world art piece, it can point to anything and it's very arbitrary, the link is not real whereas for Bitcoin or no there's a very specific rule that it has to be non it has to be immutable like if you inscribe something on a very specific Satoshi it stays there you cannot override it I mean just a rule is made up that the rule is there if you override something it's not going to be valid as a Bitcoin or no so no external link content is fully on chain it's going to speed the Bitcoin community to half as well because there are some Bitcoin maximists who say that Bitcoin should not be used to store data it should only be used for financial transactions and do things that relate to Bitcoin itself and right now we're using a lot of Bitcoin space to store like binary data and the thing about Bitcoin is that these are it stays there forever so if you download Bitcoin blockchain you're going to have to download all these stuff as well even though like because this uses the a witness layer technically it can be purgeable but people are not purging it yet just yet and inscription it's an added feature to ordinals just so that instead of just a game on a number on how rare a Satoshi is so it adds this feature to attach something to that Satoshi so it's called inscription so you can attach like image you can attach audio you can attach video to a certain Satoshi so inscription is kind of like a feature to make all those more interesting it was added kind of quite late actually more than I think like six months or nine months in after ordinals was invented and it basically can attach any binaries it's not limited to only things that are renderable on the web you can attach anything at all as long as it fits a four megabyte space because that's the limit of a block and you can only fit that and everything is fully on chain so all binaries are fine but usually because you want to render it on a website you would only attach things like text, audio, image and movie it's kind of you're going to convert all the binary into ASCII and then you're going to attach a mine tile on top and then you're going to put it onto a bitcoin blockchain so basically this is how it is on this example here it's it's a text that says hello world you can attach it to the bitcoin witness space and this goes in there and you can see even the logic here that uses a bitcoin script it doesn't really do anything these are just to attach that binary data so what's next? so we have all knows we have kind of like a token what's next that people want to do with it you want to trade that all knows I think that if we speak right now they're probably about I would say maybe eight or ten kind of trading sites out there a lot of them are very centralized a lot of them are very you have to log in there you have to upload your bitcoin you have to send them your bitcoin you have to send them your all knows so what we have here today is can we make that even more decentralized more trustless because that's what bitcoin is and also what free and open source software is and also reason why I got into bitcoin in the first place because I like OSS and I've been working on open source software for a while now so trading let's talk about trading first before we talk about marketplace so trading how to make trading works on a bitcoin system so basically before we talk about that we have to introduce the concept of all knows and cardinals so it's a name that all knows user came up with to differentiate between non fungible and fungible so the non fungible satoshi is known as all knows so everything can be tracked cardinals are it can also be all knows but it's just basically just a way to say that these are just a bitcoin these are just satoshis they are technically also all knows but they just don't have much value so the beauty of bitcoin model the UTXO model the unspent transaction model basically allows for multiple input and multiple output so you can send it looks exactly like a real world dollar bill if you go to a stall you go to a restaurant you want to buy a drink cost $7 you have $2.5 in your wallet you're going to pay the cashier $5 and $5 and then you're going to send $7 to the restaurant and you're going to send yourself $3 back so that's basically how bitcoin system works and this example that I just gave a hypothetical one I have two inputs which is two of my $5 bills and two outputs which is the $7 to the restaurant and $3 back to myself to a new address so that works on the bitcoin side we can actually make use of this very unique system to create a system where you can actually trade ordinals in a completely trustless manner without having to have intermediary to facilitate that trade so how it works is basically by owner of a owner becoming the owner taking the the bitcoin that's been paid for and then the buyer sending the bitcoin over which is the carnal and the buyer taking the owner from the original owner so basically the switch of input and output switch it around and the owner gets the output the owner gets the output of the carnal the carnal gets the output of the owner so it just works exactly on the bitcoin system so how it works a bit on the lower level side is either the buyer or seller so someone has to do this first so the step on how this works is the buyer or the seller could craft a partially signed transaction so anyone in bitcoin space you can craft any transaction in order for you to sign it you need to be the actual owner you need to have the private key to sign something but you can craft any transactions so a buyer obviously going to negotiate the price first and once you negotiate the price say okay I'm going to buy your NFT for for one bitcoin for instance so I'm the buyer here I'm going to craft a transaction with my actual bitcoin with your or no and I'm going to send you that transaction I signed my part so you haven't signed your part yet so you're going to get a transaction which is partially signed you've got to validate that one bitcoin is true you would then sign your part of the transaction to say that okay I accept this transaction I'm going to sign my part therefore I'm going to send you my my or no and I'm going to take your one bitcoin so it just works exactly like how it is and you don't need any intermediary to kind of facilitate all that it's completely trusted it's also atomic if the if the owner of that or no doesn't like it he doesn't have to sign it also there's also an additional feature that can be added to make sure that that transaction actually expires so that you have to sign it within a certain time so that the the seller doesn't have to hold on cannot hold on to that forever and just sign it wherever he wants so you can actually add a date as well for it to expire so bitcoin supports all of that so now that that works on the actual trading part so the next thing is the next one that we need to solve here is that if you own a bitcoin card how do you know that you actually want to sell and how do you name the price that you actually want to sell so you can go to some of those some of those sites that I talked about earlier that you can just list them on sale but the problem of doing that is that some of them may require to give up ownership of your custodial of your or no to upload to the site therefore you can trust the site to hold it for you and you can list for sale there but can we make it better can we make it completely trusted and completely centralized sure we can so this is what we worked on it's called CEDO protocol you are a CEDO space it's still in a work I think the website is still kind of rough right now but I'm going to kind of explain how it works so it uses a combination of two technology IPFS and bitcoin so IPFS if you're not familiar it stands for Interplanetary Fast System it's to put it simply it's a torrent technology behind it so it's like a bit torrent where you run multiple seeds and there are seeds all around the world and if you send a send a file it's going to jump across multiple nodes and arrive at your destination so it's kind of like a bitcoin I mean bit torrent technology so how it works in this case would be the maker so I'm going to use maker as the as a person that's intend to sell and all in all so I'm just going to make it simple like the person that intends to sell would be the maker so the seller will create a JSON order and uploads the order to an IPFS and that gives you the CID content ID so that order itself will contain the signature to prove that you actually own the or not that you're trying to sell so you put it on the IPFS IPFS will give you the CID you then send it on the blockchain itself the CID so they get broadcasted to the world so this in CID protocol will listen to the bitcoin blockchain to see is there any broadcasting sale on the CID protocol so if you pick up one you pick up the CID which is a really really small one so it's not going to cost you a lot of money to put it on the bitcoin blockchain to pick up the CID you can then grab the data from IPFS do your evaluation to make sure that the maker actually owns the order and it's still there and the signature valid will actually have to sign that as well to prove that you own that if you see that order and you're the buyer you're going to get the IPFS and you like the price you will then create the partially signed transaction just like I said upload the signed partially signed transaction to IPFS so you're going to sign it on your site first and you're going to upload the partially signed because you cannot broadcast the partially signed transaction over the bitcoin only fully signed transaction can be broadcasted over the bitcoin network so in this case you're going to upload partially signed transaction to IPFS you will then send the offer to CID through the bitcoin system this is a separate transaction independent from the partially signed one so you will create another Bitcoin transaction to kind of tell the seller that here's my order and here's my partially signed transaction if you agree to that if you agree to that go to IPFS and grab the partially signed transaction sign it on your site and then you just relay it so you don't have to go through another round not to dance through the IPFS anymore because now that it's fully signed the seller can just broadcast over the bitcoin network and that completes the deal so you got a full transaction on how to initially announce your intent to sell to the eventually completing the deal so in this case there could be also multiple offers so if you prefer a really good piece of art that gets a lot of offers then you can basically decide which one you want to sign it kind of looks like on the CIDO protocol website it's got a REC test right now and it's working well so CIDO protocol is free and open source it's self authenticating so CIDO stands for self authenticating decentralized auto book so free and open source, self authenticating all signatures are validated before it can even be treated for a valid offer and it has a default global auto book which means that any sites that you guys CIDO protocol you're going to be able to share the same auto book globally and there's no fee or whatsoever, everything is free and it's also open to allow private use that you can have your own private CIDO auto book if you want to, it's all completely open so to make it more user friendly on birthday research we're also working on another more of a front-end website making it more user friendly so it's called Odzar, Ordno Bazaar it uses CIDO protocol and it's non-custodial you don't have to upload anything you don't have to send us a bitcoin it's just a viewer, you go to there give it a string for you to sign so in non-custodial you own your own bitcoin you own your own kernels and the key thing about Odzar is that the UX is going to be a little bit, I mean for Ordnos today it's actually quite tricky it's very developer friendly it's very decentralized app friendly you have metamask, you have a lot of tools you have a lot of JavaScript tools for you to build whereas on bitcoin, you don't have that right now it's kind of like just open up right now so there's no de facto wallet there's no default wallet, if you ask bitcoin bitcoin is what wallet they use you're going to get like 10 different answers you can even find a trend on what kind of a common bitcoin wallet that people are using so Ordnos' support is so very, very limited on bitcoin wallets today you don't mark it properly because it's just like any other bitcoin you might actually send it out to someone else if you pay like a $10,000 for a very priced order you might actually send it out to someone else because you don't mark it to not send it out so you have to use a wallet that you can freeze to send UTX so to not resend it or use a bitcoin wallet that supports Ordnos and it's how it looks like yeah, for them it's kind of a tight if you want to learn more about it you can check that out and set it up space thank you thank you very much what's in any questions? we'll get our next speaker set up so in the meantime maybe we can have one or two with that can you have there's one question so why you and she's going to talk she's from GovTech Singapore and verification framework using the blockchain thank you very much hi everyone I'm from GovTech Singapore our mission is to engineer digital government and make lives better so today I'll be sharing an open attestation this is an open source document endorsement and verification framework using the blockchain so I know I'm the only thing standing in between you and probably your post conference drinks or dinner so I'm just going to get straight into the meat of it I'll just say that I think in the public consciousness and we hear about the term blockchain most people think about cryptocurrency and we've definitely heard a very fascinating presentation earlier on Bitcoin Ordinals I'll just say that for open attestation what we're interested in is how the key attributes of blockchain can be applied to document endorsement and verification at the same time there's certain limitations about the technology we think that the way that we're designing open attestation can help us to either get around this or to basically make it less of an issue I think for how we are using blockchain for open attestation so I'm just going to get into how it works so for open attestation what this is is an open source framework to endorse and to verify documents we have two key components the first we look at verifiable documents so these are temper evident documents that cryptographically prove the authenticity, the source of the document so you can think of credentials like academic qualifications proof of identity proof of employment etc we also look at transferable records similar to verifiable documents but these are documents that can have an owner usually such documents confer ownership of assets so we are looking at documents like title deeds or a bill of lading what I think is interesting for open attestation it allows for decentralized issuance of credentials and I think we really do believe in the power of open source software and that's why all of our code is open source so the verification can of course be distributed, anyone can set up a verifier based on our technology but depending on the use case we can also centralize the verification process in terms of directing people to a particular verifier and that's just for perhaps a better user experience or for certain government use cases just for better public comms in terms of how to use the documents so earlier I mentioned that a double-edged sword or like one of the I guess points of blockchains that the data stored is public right so you may be thinking hey you know some of these credentials are confidential it may be personal so should we really be putting that on a blockchain so what we are doing in open open attestation is to design it in a way that upholds data privacy because we are only publishing a document hash but not the data itself so I'm going to get into basically how we are doing the verification and this is essentially premised on three critical steps so when we look at the verification tech which is the core of open attestation we are trying to provide three critical steps the first one is to verify that the document has not been tampered with and that it has been issued by the issuer we want to verify that the document has not been revoked and we also want to confirm the identity of the issuer so how does this work when we issue an open attestation document we first take the raw document in JSON format and we put it through a process that we call wrapping so the end product of this wrapping process is a unique hash that represents the document and of course if the document is tampered with then it will not be possible to derive the same hash and we can prove that it has been tampered with so the flow is pretty simple for each property we salt to prevent rainbow table attacks we then flatten and encode the properties as a string each peel is hashed with the value and salt and then we store all the output hashes in an array finally we hash the array of hashes to produce a target hash so I think to put it simply it would be a hash of hashes what this allows us to do is also to perform selective reduction on the document so if we want to say redact a particular field of the credential for example it's not necessary to disclose this and people would naturally want to minimize what they are sharing then it's possible to redact a particular document property by removing it from your credential and storing the hash under a different field that we call obfuscated data however this still does not invalidate the target hash because it doesn't invalidate the target hash of the document because we are computing the target hash out of all using all of the hashes that have been stored in the open attestation document including those that were moved to obfuscated data so after performing the wrapping process this is an example of how it will look like so as we can see the document properties have been sorted and we now have a target hash that represents our document okay so now we have found a way to wrap the document next we need to verify that the document was issued by the issuer we have two ways of doing that so the first one would be via a smart contract the issuer basically deploys a smart contract that acts as what we call a document store this keeps a record of the issued documents the issued hashes of the documents but I do know that this involves an on-chain transaction and does consume gas data so this allows anyone to check if a hash which represents a document has been issued and then when we are doing the verification process what we are doing is to first check that the target hash of the document is in the document stores list of issued hashes and we are also checking that it has not been revoked that it is not in the list of revoked hashes so I would say this was probably the first iteration or the first version of open attestation another newer method that we developed would be to use decentralized identifiers to issue documents and currently we are using DID Ethereum so when we after signing the open attestation document basically it would contain the issuer's DID and the signed target hash then when we are doing the verification process what we do is to compare the Ethereum address from the DID document with the address that is returned by verification if it matches we know that the signature is valid the document has been issued and that it has not been tempered with okay so earlier I did mention that issuance does consume gas and this can potentially be an issue for users if you are issuing documents one by one and you have many documents to issue so what we also developed is to allow issuers to bet transactions using merkle trees so each document target hash is a leaf in the merkle tree and we compute the merkle root which is then stored in the open attestation document along with the proofs needed to ensure that this document is part of this merkle tree of course for a single document that doesn't need to be batched then the target hash and the merkle root are the same alright the final the final area that we the final area of our step of verification would be on the issuer identity this is an I guess it's still an area that we are still working on and developing currently we leverage on the system we use the DNS text records to publish the document store address or the DID and then this is then checked against so that we know that the credential is issued by the entity that controls this domain okay so now I'm going to get into the perhaps more exciting part of my presentation which is to talk about the products that are currently powered by open attestation and this is by no means an exhaustive list and we are looking out for more ways that the open attestation can be applied and so that's partially why we are here today at FOS at FOS Asia really interested to hear if there's any ideas for how this technology could be applied so the first one I will talk about is called open open certs basically it started as a proof of concept to improve productivity basically schools were spending a lot of time and on verification of the certificates so you would have people maybe employers who want to confirm that the graduates paper certificates were legitimate so they might say call the school and ask the school to check and verify schools were also spending time on replacement of lost certificates so this was consuming I think up to at least 7 men months in a year so with open attestation which powers open certs so graduates from Singapore institutes of higher learning can receive their degrees or certs in the form of an open attestation document and these can be easily verified by employers on the open certs.io verifier I'm not sure if we are able to open the link here or when I'm able to switch out to a browser so this is the open certs verifier so if you look at the demo this is how the user would go through it they would you can just drag and drop your cert into the verifier this will load up our decentralized renderer it will render the cert for example we have this demo and there can be multiple views of the same open attestation document another thing is earlier I mentioned that we allow for selective redaction of credentials so for example we are able to say redact certain info that's not required so for example if you're only focusing on the CS courses and the grades you can redact let me grab this so you can redact the details and download the file but it will still remain verifiable and then you're able to download it and if I try to verify it again maybe a bit all downloads so if we verify it again you can see that the redacted fields have now been removed but we also do mention that it has been redacted just not what was redacted and earlier when we were going through the verification steps this is how we would provide the assurance to verifiers in terms of it has not been tampered with, it has not been revoked and it is issued by this particular entity in this case, GovTec okay so that's one of the I think first use cases of open attestation the next one is a bit more recent so if I'm just going to toggle back to sorry let me click here so this is probably a bit more recent so during the COVID-19 pandemic it was really important to be able to prove that vaccines and test results were legitimate also to eliminate the existence of fake COVID-19 test results and also to support the opening of borders and resumption of life as normal given the decentralized nature of the assurance and the need for a way to attest to the documents in a cross-border way so open attestation was adopted as a solution and this powers the health certs that basically Singaporeans use to prove that they have been vaccinated for example or that they have passed like their pre-departure COVID tests so users could go to this notarized platform to apply for a notarized health cert for travel and then cross-border immigration authorities could easily scan the QR code of a health cert to verify it so I'm sharing this example because I think it also shows the strength of the free and open source movement because OAA was open source because it had been used for other applications there were providers out there that were able to help perhaps less tech-heavy medical clinics to onboard the health cert solution and for them to quickly issue vaccine certs in the open attestation format so we were able to adopt this solution quite quickly and I guess in a scalable way and the last use case that I am excited to share about is called Trade Trust so I'm the product manager for Trade Trust we are basically looking to accelerate the transformation from paper-based trade documents to digital documents when we look at the current state of cross-border trade today it's largely paper-based one shipment can involve many parties across different sectors many exchanges of information many siloed systems and this is very inefficient and costly at the same time when you have manual handling it can be vulnerable to fraud I can take the same document and use it to take out two different loans from two different banks who are an underwiser so Trade Trust is a framework to accelerate this transformation and we look in two ways so for trade we have verifiable documents so these are perhaps things like an invoice or a certificate of origin that tells me this shipment comes from this country is eligible for certain preferential tariffs for example the second is to find a way to allow electronic bills of lading to be transferred between parties along the supply chain so a bit of background what is a bill of lading in trade financing in international trade the bill of lading acts as a receipt of goods and anyone in possession of this bill of lading can claim the goods at the destination port so for example in this case if I'm trying to sell something to someone in a different country I might enlist carrier or ship to help me transport it to them the carrier will issue me a bill of lading I will then create this bill of lading to the buyer and the buyer can produce this bill of lading at the destination port to claim the shipment but this is really a very simplified version of how this flow works in international trade and trade financing but sometimes it's not as smooth because you can imagine sometimes the bill of lading will go through multiple parties who are financing this trade so it's even possible that by the time the cargo arrives at the destination port the bill of lading is still being created around the world and the cargo is just sitting in a port waiting to be released so I think that's where we see a lot of potential for electronic bills of lading because the transactions can be really fast and instant so what we do in trade or in trade trust is that we represent the bill of lading as a non-fungible token we bind the NFT to a what we call a title escrow smart contract which then controls changes to the ownership of the token as well as who is allowed to change the ownership status of the token and this set up mimics the current process for paper based documents in terms of who is allowed to change the the holder and the owner of the bill of lading so I hope I've given a brief overview of how OpenNet Testation works what are some of the use cases that we've applied it to currently and here's how you can get started with OpenNet Testation can learn more about our framework over here and please come to our GitHub and explore our code feel free to open issues with us and talk to us we're really happy to take questions and to figure out what other use cases we can have for this technology thanks everyone thank you very much Kani thank you great project here I love it question on the bill of lading example we just gave so the bill itself is issued as an NFT and it's verified using the OpenNet Testation smart contracts two contracts involved in this use case it's not verified with the OpenNet Testation smart contract but it is verified with the OpenNet Testation signature and proof method it uses the same cryptography that takes the document and digests it into a target hash and then we're using the NFT to deal with the transactions and regarding use cases you mentioned which chain are they using which EVM chain are any of them actually using Ethereum as that's quite costly just wondering if any of them have adopted a side chain or L2 so for our users as well as Polygon I had a question on the rationale for the use of a blockchain in the first place given that at least for the examples you gave the person relying on the credential the employer or whatever it is who is trying to evaluate the credential is relying on both the signer and the working replication function if there's no working replication function then there's no way to know whether fraud and certificates have been issued and not cancelled so the organization has to exist it has to have a working replication function and further that you're using the DNS to deliver the the authenticator the public key that's used to validate the signature that's a real time service dependency in real time I'm wondering what value there is in using a blockchain at all versus a more conventional web service because there must be an organization it must be responsible and it must have real time services otherwise your mechanism won't work so what have you gained by using a blockchain at all so your first question was on there being a way for the issuer, the signer to hash a document and distribute it let me sort of make the counterpoint if you rely upon the organization having the ability to revoke then I would suggest that a blockchain is useless if you rely on the organization presenting a service that's available to you in real time then a blockchain is useless blockchains are only useful I would suggest if both of those things are false in this case both of them are true if I don't why would I use a blockchain why would I just ask your web server what this certificate is a few things I think when it came to it came to this situation for example if you're looking at academic certification I think what ended up being the case was that verifiers would want to go to the Ministry of Education and ask them to verify for example these documents and that was assessed to take quite a lot of a lot of efforts so the idea of this is there a way to I understand why I understand why take away the human process I'm asking why use a blockchain it seems to me it would be simpler and more reliable to use a web service because there's the same it's DNS you've got a real time service give out and I think I think DNS is probably not the best way to look at the issuance any more questions one more from Harish gonna make me go up the stairs next slide sit down there I got a question about how do you when you have the assert issued by an institution the institution merges with something else how do you ensure that these things are sustainable 100 years from today what is the mechanism for something like that including the DNS portion there's a lot of dependency that requires that this entity exists that there's a way for me where it's a piece of paper it's still a piece of paper here this is something which I've been struggling with trying to find out how does this even make sense from a sustainability perspective thanks so I would say that in the situation where maybe the institution merges or maybe they move to a different domain the document store the smart contract on the blockchain would remain and it might just be a method of linking that document store to the new domain for example I think maybe one way to address that also I suppose if for example you have institutions merging I don't think that would invalidate the or it should not invalidate any certificates that were issued by the old entity and operationally they may not want to reissue the search under the new name because it was issued at a time when that institution was a different entity so with the immutability of the blockchain that's one way to ensure that even after the entity has maybe closed down or moved on the records would still be there although admittedly you need to find a different way of tying the issue identity to the document store on the blockchain yeah just to add on to the answer to his questions like if you guys in the early days of doing cryptography if you guys ever went to signing parties and X509 certificates and dealt with all the complexities of that compared with the ubiquity that Ethereum and these things offer today it's just night and day difference from a practical basis. From a theoretical basis yes it's not perfect it doesn't do everything but from a practical perspective it's just so much easier to use and it's just common how everyone is using it my question was so I was kind of surprised that we were describing that this was just a protocol but in fact you guys have actually developed and released software what is the scope of that software like if I'm an organization and I want to build to do verification of my own documents and stuff is that what this is on is that what this is going to provide also I guess what I would call these reference implementations and we also do release the code for that as well so for example for trade trust .io the verifier is open source and implementers can refer to that to spin up their own verifiers and to use our CLI to help users to issue documents so this underlying framework those are the applications that we have built on top of that and to the best extent possible we do try and make it open source this is very forward thinking stuff for you guys in Singapore so I hope it catches on outstanding alright we go more questions there so I was curious when you did your research on how to implement this if blockchain was a winner which was number two option that you rejected okay so I think the two well one question that we do get asked is why not just use docuSign or a similar like signing a PKI based digital signature that you can easily open up a PDF and you can also have that verification that hasn't been tampered with and that was issued by a certain entity I think the two benefits of authentication would be in terms of replication it's a lot easier to revoke as opposed to trying to revoke the signature of a digital document that you've already signed a PDF and sent out and the second one which I think has a lot of potential maybe hasn't been realized yet is that I mean the open attestation files it's in JSON format I think it's more machine readable I suppose like a PDF docuSign PDF for example that is maybe harder to integrate with systems so I guess that was one of the other options that we considered and eventually decided not to go ahead with it. I don't have a question I just want to add a bit of color to this great presentation and I actually happened to work with the protocol a bit because I was working on a software that actually utilizes called Next ID and it utilizes as you really really great and also I just want to add a bit to Roland's question just now on that there's no need for a blockchain which I actually agree in this case because it's basically just it just ties into the mocha root because all the search actually not published on change every search has a hash just hash that and then just build that tree and then you just have the root that you refer to somewhere so you can see that on the DNS or you can actually see that on the blockchain itself but blockchain itself is actually not used in this case but there's one fundamental of blockchain that's actually adding some value here which is the D part so it helps when assert is let's say that that seed is changed someday through DNS and you cannot see that it is changed so the blockchain part actually adds that seed or that the root is changed so you can actually see that it is changed so everything else is just it's just cryptography just PKI so there's no need for blockchain or smart contracts but that blockchain part actually helps to make sure that it is unchanged and you can actually track that it is changed or it's being added and all that correct me if I'm wrong it's something I want to add there, thanks alright thank you very much and I think with that we close our session today thank you very much Kali they give you a round of applause thanks for taking the time I think just responding to what Yuzin mentioned I think we don't see there's just a pure blockchain thing that is more is wider than that as we look at verifiable credentials and that's not something that is necessarily tight strictly to blockchain and I think we are so interested in seeing perhaps what are the different links and between the different ecosystems alright thank you very much thank you very much guys with this we're going to


In today's video I'm gonna show you the locations of all 48 version exclusive Pokemon in Scarlet and Violet but before we get into today's video please subscribe to the channel. Remember you can always unsubscribe later if you would like to. Now both versions Pokemon Scarlet and Pokemon Violet have 24 Pokemon exclusive to each of their versions. In today's video we will be looking at how you can find them all in your own copy of either Scarlet or Violet. A lot of the version exclusive share the same locations in the Paldaire region in their respective games so where this is present we will cover both version exclusives at the same time when showing you these areas that the Pokemon spawn in. The Taranitar line is exclusive to Pokemon Scarlet and the Salamence line is exclusive to Pokemon Violet. In their respective games you will be able to find the first and second stage evolutions of these Pokemon in the same areas of your game. In particular Larvitar and Begon can be found in the early stages of your playthrough in the south province area 5 area. Larvitar of course spawning in Pokemon Scarlet and Begon spawning in Pokemon Violet. Larvitar and Begon also appear in a number of different areas around the Paldaire region. In the Alpharenada, Cavern, the Asado Desert, the Dali Zappa Passage, East province area 3 and West province area 1. Kupital the second stage evolution of Larvitar is in Pokemon Scarlet and Shellgon which is the second stage evolution of Begon is in Pokemon Violet. These can be found in Alpharenada, Cavern, Taranitar in Pokemon Scarlet and Salamence in Pokemon Violet can also be found in the post game through 5 and 6 star terror raids. Drifloon is a Pokemon Scarlet exclusive while its counterpart is Mistrovius in Pokemon Violet. As both are ghost types they will only appear at night. Drifloon in Pokemon Scarlet and Mistrovius in Pokemon Violet can be found in various areas through the Paldaire region including the Dali Zappa Passage, East province area 2, the Glicido Mountains, all of the south province areas, the Tag Tree Thicket and West province area 1. Drifloon in Pokemon Scarlet, Miss Maggies in Pokemon Violet can be found in similar areas although they will also appear in 4 and 5 star terror raids in their respected games. Stunky is the next Scarlet exclusive we will look at. This poison type can be found in the south province area 3 and 5 as well as in the west province area 2. Its evolution can be found in certain areas around the Casaroya Lake and also through 4 star terror raids. Gulpin and Swallot are the version counterparts in Pokemon Violet. Gulpin can be found in the east province area 1 and south province area 3 as well as in the 2 star terror raids. Swallot can be found in areas around Lake Casaroya as well as in 4 and 5 star terror raids. The pseudo legendaries Dino, Zwellos and Hydragen are exclusives to Pokemon Scarlet. Dino can be found in the Alphornada Cavern, the Dali Zappa Passage, Glicido Mountains and North province area 2. Dino is an extremely rare spawn so it may take a while to appear although to increase your chances you can always use a sandwich recipe to boost dark or dragon encounters to have better luck finding this Pokemon. Zwellos, Dino's evolution can be found in area 0, the Glicido Mountains and North province area 2 as well as in 4 star terror raids whereas Hydragen can be found in the post game through 5 and 6 star terror raids. Screlp, the water and poison type exclusive to Pokemon Scarlet and its counterpart Cloncha can be found in Pokemon Violet. These Pokemon in their respected versions can be found in the north, east, south and west Palladian sea areas of the region as well as 2 star terror raids which you will have access to at the beginning of your playthrough. Drogalgy can be found as a rare spawn only in the north Palladian sea in Pokemon Scarlet and Chlorita can spawn in the north and south Palladian sea in Pokemon Violet. Both of these Pokemon can appear in their respected versions through 5 and 6 star raids as well. Oranguru, a Pokemon Scarlet exclusive whilst Persimian is its counterpart exclusive for Pokemon Violet. These can be located in the north province area 2 areas and the tag tree Thicket in their respected versions. You will also be able to encounter Oranguru and Persimian through 3 and 5 star terror raids depending on the version of the game you have. Stonjourner can be found in abundance in the Ossedo Desert as well as 4 star terror raids around the Paldia region and this will be an exclusive to Pokemon Scarlet. Its counterpart Ice Q is an exclusive to Pokemon Violet and can be found in the north Palladian sea and north province area 3. The draggapall line is exclusive to Pokemon Violet. Drupy can be found in a number of different locations around the Palladian region at night in the east province area 2 and 3 as well as the Glesedo Mountains north province areas 1, 4, 5 and 6 and west province areas 2 and 3. Draklok can be found in the Kassaroia Lake, the Glesedo Mountains and north province areas 2, 3 and 4 at night with draggapall only appearing in 5 and 6 star terror raids in the post game of Pokemon Violet. Although Palladian Taurus is available in both Pokemon Scarlet and Violet it does have two exclusive forms depending on the version that you've got. In Pokemon Scarlet you will have access to the Fighting in Fire type Taurus and in Pokemon Scarlet you will have access to the Fighting and Water type Taurus. Both of these variants can be found in groups of Taurus located in these areas on the Palladian map. The other version exclusives to Pokemon Scarlet and Violet are Armourouge and Cerulege. In both versions of the game you're going to be able to obtain its Prevolution Chalkadet. This can be found in lots of places across Palladian. This Pokemon will spawn in all of the south east and west province areas of the Palladian map but it is a rare spawn so coming across it can be quite tricky although it shouldn't be too difficult to find. Now once you have one depending on the version of the game you've got you're going to want to head to Zappacore town which is west of Levincia in the east province area 3. From the Zappacore Pokemon centre head east until you reach the NPC character standing in front of the water fountain. Talk to them and they will ask you for the trade of a particular item. In Pokemon Violet you will need to trade 10 Sinisty Chips. Sinisty can be found in a number of areas at night in the Paldea region around ruins outside of Alphornada. In the south province area 6 is also another area and these are quite common areas where you'll find it. You just need to beat 10 of these either in battle or using the auto battle feature to collect the 10 Sinisty Chips that you are required. Once you have them head back to Zappacore and speak to this NPC character who will trade you these items for the malicious armour. And once you have this item if you use it on your Charcadet it will evolve into Saralege the Ghost and Fire type Pokemon which is exclusive to Pokemon Violet. Now in your version of Pokemon Scarlet you will need to get a similar amount of items but this time for 10 Bronzor fragments. That means like the Sinisty you'll need to find some Bronzong out in the wild and either battle them normally or through the auto battle feature. Bronzong are quite common and can be found in ruin areas across the south east and west of Paldea. In particular the east province area 2, south province area 2 and west province area 1 and 2 you will find plenty of Bronzong to beat again just using the actual battle function or auto battle function to beat these and collect the Bronzor fragments. When you've got 10 of these return back to Zappacore speak to the NPC character and this time you will get given the auspicious armour. Use this on your Charcadet and it will evolve into Armor Rouge. Both Saralege and Armor Rouge are exclusive to each version Armor Rouge exclusive to Scarlet and Saralege exclusive to Violet. Next we will cover the Paradox Pokemon that are exclusive to Pokemon Scarlet and Pokemon Violet. You will only be able to access these Pokemon in the very late stages of your playthrough in Area Zero. For this section of the video we will cover the areas of what Pokemon in each version you will be able to access. Great tusks and iron treads, the ancient and future forms of Donphan are the only Paradox Pokemon that can be found outside of Area Zero. These Pokemon were the Titan Pokemon you will face in the quest to find the Herbomistica on one of your main story paths and after it's defeated you will be able to return to the Asado Desert and battle either one of them depending on the version you've got. The other area you will be able to find great tusks and iron treads is in Area Zero in the central cave system near Area Four. Now in Area Zero from Area One you will be able to catch Screamtail the ancient form of Jigglypuff, Slitherwing the ancient form of Volcarona and Brutebonnet the ancient form of Amungus in Pokemon Scarlet. In Pokemon Violet in the same areas you will be able to catch Ironhands, the future form of Harriama, Iron Moth the future form of Volcarona and Iron Bundle the future form of Delibird. In the second area in Area Zero this is where you will be able to catch Ironthorns in Pokemon Violet which is the future form of Tyranitar and Sandy Shocks in Pokemon Scarlet which is the past form of Magneton. The next area is the Hidden Cave system in Area Three. If you follow this route from the base camp in Area Three you will be able to enter this Hidden Cave along the left hand wall of Area Zero and in here you will find Roaring Moon in Pokemon Scarlet and Iron Valiant in Pokemon Violet the ancient forms of Salamence and future form of Galade respectively. Next if we enter the underground area the entrance is straight in front of the Area Three base camp you will be able to encounter great tusks in Pokemon Scarlet and iron treads in Pokemon Violet. You will also find Iron Juggalists the future form of Hydragan in Pokemon Violet and Fluttermane the ancient form of Mistrivious in Pokemon Scarlet. It is worth noting at the very bottom of this cave system in Area Four if you approach this particular ramp you will be able to get a second copy of your Box Legendary. In Pokemon Violet you will be able to catch another Maraedon and in Pokemon Scarlet you will be able to catch another Coraedon. Both of these Pokemon will be set at level 72 and you're able to trade these to other games unlike your original Ride Pokemon you obtained at the beginnings of your game. And that is all 48 version exclusive Pokemon that you were able to catch cross Pokemon Scarlet and Pokemon Violet. Of course if you have the version exclusives you're gonna need to find a friend to trade with to get the opposite version Pokemon but I hope you found this video useful and have a lot of luck hunting out these version exclusives in your own respected version of Pokemon Scarlet or Pokemon Violet. Thanks so much for tuning in if the video has been helpful please drop a like subscribe to the channel if you're new to stay up to date with all of our latest Pokemon Scarlet and Violet content and until next time I'll see you later bye bye


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And Chinese companies play a very important role in it. From this list, we can see that companies like Alibaba, Baidu, Tenshin, and Huawei, Pincap, it is actually a backbone of all the sort of contributions, especially Ali, which has held the first position in the contribution list for 10 consensus years. Yeah. And I'll take two minutes to briefly describe the scientific method behind this ranking. One of the research area in our lab is performing data health behavior log data analysis. The number of complete logs in 2020 was at 86 million, and in 2021, it topped 1 billion. And there are a lot of interesting things that can be analyzed from these behavior logs, such as who made what contribution, when, through what contribution, collaboration, and with what impact, we even created a niche research area called open metrology, which is a systematic study using data science method. We measure, model, and analyze project, developers process, an other object to deliver is to understand the metrics, such as activity and influence. The relational graph data is very useful. Mathematical tools similar to PageRank, which can be used to calculate typical metric value across the domain. And this is done through an open source project called Open Digger. At present, many technical analysis articles, academic papers, industry-wide papers, government reports, etc., are cited from with open data. And to provide a better service, we have recently launched another open source project, Open Lead Board, which is a monthly ranking list, which gives you a very visual view of the global and the Chinese open source development, including project ranking, organization company rankings, and the development rankings. As you can see from this chart, the two organizations from Alibaba and the AND group are ranked very high in China today, based on which I think our panel today will also be very repressive. By the way, the data project behind this list, Open Digger, is also an open source project currently incubated in the Mulan community. A neutral organization similar to a foundation in China. Behind it is the China Standard Institute, who also reflected government's contribution in participating in and supporting the construction of open source ecology. And the Chinese government attached great importance to the construction of a global open source ecology. However, it is equally evidence from some of our analysis that there is still a clear gap between Eastern and Western countries in the overall open source ecological contribution. The inference metric here, which is calculated by the method of global graph analysis I mentioned earlier, reflects the position of a project in the overall ecology. Our main gap is mainly in the overall volume. The average inference of our individual project is very close to or compel, but the number of projects that China's company open source is still silently behind other international companies. Nevertheless, with the global trend of enterprise activity embracing over source, also as the brain of enterprise open source governance and operation is already a consensus among everyone. I am also very happy to have the opportunity to talk with the leader of OSPO today. Our listeners must also be very interested in the practice of how companies promote open source in behind. Okay, that means I first introduce so much. Okay, thanks, Mr. Wang, for the source introduction of XLAB and the work of it. And I think what's really good about Open Leaderboard as mentioned earlier is beyond project and developers. This product also present indicators such as activity and influence for a large organization, specifically for commercial corporations. And it must be not easy for companies to use, to participate and even to contribute to open source. So that's what I really wish to learn from Richard and Amber as the managers of two very great OSPO's. So what are the challenges that makes it so crucial to set up an OSPO? Let's start from... Yeah, sure, I can go first. Yeah, so thanks, Professor Wang and Xiaoya. As we co-started and groups OSPO last year, we realized the need for OSPO actually comes from a fact that doing open source as a corporation is intrinsically harder. There are two primary reasons associated with that. One, the overall cost and risk exposure as a corporation. Two, it actually takes longer time to build momentum. So participating in open source is actually much easier as an individual. You just do it. There are clear costs, such as time and energy and relatively clear goals, such as social recognition. It's easy to evaluate. On the corporate side, things are different as the overall cost and potential risk exposure is actually higher. There are risks associated with improper actions such as compliance risk, legal risk, or security risks. So the proper use of licenses provides certain levels of protection, but there are still non-truel compliance of business PR risks lingering around. Similarly, the overall cost of doing open source is also considerably higher. Depending on the nature of the project, you need to thoroughly think through from a strategy perspective on how the project should be productionized and governed. There's also this cost problem. It's not easy to make someone who never done open source to fully embrace open source software and community best practices. The engineers are less motivated to write documentations and also take significant amount of effort to build habits for asynchronous communications. Just name a few of the challenges. So if the open source is hard with so many challenges, why would corporate still want to do it? This is because compared to individuals who participate in open source, the potential reward, quote unquote, from being open is pretty high. For instance, to be tooling-sized service or software, if done right, can directly benefit from being open sourced. The to be software ecosystem in China is also quite, is not quite the same compared to the Western world. It requires more than one project or team's effort to make a company's open source successful. So we do need to measure those risks, costs, and gains. This is actually where the metrics will come in. We'll also talk about that later. The second reason, it takes time to attribute momentum. Another challenge actually comes from the fact that it takes time to really build up all these open source practices. Investing in open source is typically a long-term plan which requires dedication. Why? Some of the immediate problems are relatively easy to address like providing open source license consulting for teams, but many other things, including by non-limited to as we call the culture of being defaultly open. So as other asynchronous communication practices, it actually takes much longer time to fully realize their potential benefits. There might be people challenging you along the way. Corporate investment open source is similar to investing in research institutions. The benefit is more long-term than short-term and evaluating short-term gains can be tricky. So committed to open source was required top-down dedication as well as bottom-up understanding. Let me handle this number, yeah. Thank you, Richard, and I can totally agree with you. And before I try to answer the question of why Ospaul, I'm going to give you a brief introduction about Alibaba's open source journey. And first, Alibaba's businesses comprise China and global e-commerce, local consumer services, cloud computing, logistics, digital media and entertainment and so on. So we started our open source journey very early back to 2008. And so far, we have more than 3,000 open repositories at GitHub, which attracted more than 13,000 contributors, 30,000 contributors and more than 1 million stars at GitHub, which is quite impressive. And our journey in open source has gone through three stages. And the first stage is from 2008 to early 2010. And back then, the Ospaul movement is still in its infancy and the influence is mainly in North America. And Alibaba is more of a user of open source software. And we occasionally contributed back to the open source projects that we use, like MySQL. And the main goal is to use open source software to replace expensive proprietary software to reduce cost. And this is only the first stage. And the second stage is from 2012 to 2019. In this stage, Alibaba has witnessed the value of open source, especially its impact on technology and technology influence and its value on attracting high quality employees. So we started to open source our own projects. For example, Rock MQ, which is a unified messaging engine lightweighted data processing platform. Because Alibaba has unique business scenarios like the E-commerce shopping festival like W11. And we are one of the biggest users of our own open source projects that we can incubate a lot of great open source projects like Double and Rock MQ. And in this stage, we do have open source technology committee, which is a virtual team composed of Alibaba technology decision makers to act as executive sponsor to make decisions of what to open source and what not to open source. But now, back then, we still don't have an OSPO. And the third stage is from 2019 to till now. And it is not until 2019 that Alibaba has established the OSPO. And for the first time, we have the full-time employee to work in OSPO. In this stage, the OSPO's responsibility is to work closely with the Alibaba open source technology committee on open source strategy, compliance automation, big project facilitator, and developer and academia outreach. So in a nutshell, why OSPO? Our main goal was to ensure that as a company, first, we are good employees. We're setting the boundary between proprietary code and open source code. And second, we are good open source citizens. We are not breaking any rules in the open source world. We need to respect the open source license and making sure we're given back to the open source projects that we depend on. And third, which is the most important reason is by investing time and effort in the open source projects, we need to ensure that Alibaba is having its technology footprint in the open source ecosystem. So these are the three main reasons that I think OSPO is important for Alibaba and the main reason why we started OSPO back to 2019, not in the first place. Thank you. Thanks, Richard. Thanks, Richard and Amber, for sharing the story and the ten points a company and enterprise faced. So I think after knowing why a corporation needs an OSPO, it's important then to ask, how do we perform it? So as mentioned before, we can see Alibaba and N Group ranked very high regarding the cooperation activity and influence in open source based on the behavioral data on GitHub. So would you share with us the story of how you govern and maintain open source within a large corporation? Because I think that must be used for use cases for other companies. We can start from this point. Sure. Thanks, Xia Yan. And I really agree with Amber. So there's always open source projects and there's also not the other way around. So N Group also has open source projects way before we have an OSPO, which we only initiated last year. So N Group open sources built top notch front end projects such as N Design and V, like JS, back to 10 years ago. We also have a top notch backend projects like Oceanbase, which is an industrial grade for business HTAP database. We are also rich of cloud native projects such as Sofa Stack, which was actually the first open source project that culminated on the backend side, as well as Mohsen, Layoto, and we are also exploring new areas like Cushion Stack, as long as I try just to name a few. I would say we begin our OSPO practices primarily last year. I summarize the overall OSPO role as maybe one principle and three practices. So the principle is OSPO would be the go-to entity for both internal and external open source related matters. In engineering terms, we identify OSPO as a facade or a public API, which abstract internal capabilities and interact with external world. Why was this public API metaphor? Because the public API is designed to last. So it's a contract with external communities and entities. To do that, we have normalizing and standardizing OSPO. So it becomes a common terminology and potentially a common belief that we can all fall back to. So we don't need to start from there to explain that we need a governing body which could help the company managing open source compliance matters, as well as blah, blah, blah. Instead, we can just say, let's build the OSPO. We do believe that not all OSPs are created equal. So it's actually by design for OSPs to take different forms, just as what Amber described. As OSPO and Alibaba also, we learn actually from each other, but we also have distinct characteristics. So on the side, we focus on three primary practices, two on the internal side and one external side. On the internal side, OSPO is actually unnecessary infrastructure to enable developers and their teams to open source compliantly and confidently. So this aims to help internal engineering teams. The primary focus of this work is fair-heading processes and best practices for projects and community members to learn and follow. So if we go down one level, we're focusing on tools and utilities such as odd SCA, SAST tools, communication tools and utilities, which could help achieving that. Matrix is also a key aspect as observability is typically a critical factor of infra. And the second practice we do is we consider OSPO as an enabler. So we can actually do open source without OSPO. So what does OSPO really do? In our terms, OSPO is actually act as a catalyst to a chemical reaction. So catalyst itself will not achieve much, but it either makes an impossible reaction pattern or it actually enhances the speed of the results of reaction. So Engroup OSPO actually helped our projects as a girl. We first provide strategic planning for goals, governance consultation, operation plans design, just to name a few, as well as potential go-to-market strategies to actually help the projects being more professional and successful. The metrics and evaluation criteria provide no-star guidance for our teams. So they would have some impartial and professional references, which they can directly relate it to. This is also why we're actively collaborating with X-Labs and the rest of the research institutions. Last but not least, the third practice is on the external side, we would like OSPO to be the deal maker. There's a book I really love. The Rainforest, The Secret to Building Next Silicon Valley. On my first read of that book, it actually talks about success factors of Silicon Valley. But on the subsequent release, I felt everything the book was discussing can be applied for open source communities. The book actually mentioned that even though there are many other places with similar concentration on talents and investment, what made Silicon Valley so specially successful was the network hubs. So there are those well-connected individuals with a given style and they connect startups with investments. So the book refers such existence as a deal maker with a positive connotation. So at the facade, which connects with the external world and communicate with communities, foundations and the collaborators, OSPO has the potential to be this deal maker. For instance, good projects like ocean base or the cloud native projects actually can benefit from other consolidations that the OSPO is actually acting as a facade so that we can actually aggregate all the external demand to offer our projects all together as a unified solution, just to give one example. Let me handle this to Amber now. And I can talk and resonate with you and we definitely learn from each other about how to work in the OSPO. And talking about OSPO practice, I think the Todo Group is already doing a great job by raising the awareness of OSPO and creating content out there on OSPO best practice for different organizations to learn. And the OSPO mind map, which is created by Todo Group, give us a great bird-eye view on how to set up roles and responsibilities for OSPO. It also gave us practical advice on how to set up the right size of OSPO. It can be a full-time employee, large or small team, a virtual team or a single full-time employee managing multiple functions. And the best advice I can give you to other organizations who are thinking about setting up OSPO is don't think about the roles and responsibilities first. Think about the organization's goals first. It's not about how to do the OSPO right. It's just about what goals you want the OSPO to achieve. And do I already have the right person, right talent in the organization to reach the goal or solve those certain priorities? And like I said, it was not until like 2019 that Alibaba set up its own OSPO with full-time employee. And still, we are a very agile and very compact and hybrid team working with our legal department and risk management department. And as a such compact team, managing more than 3,000 open repositories and some of China's most vibrant open-source projects is such a big challenge. But as a horizontal team, we are working with expert teams on tooling automations both in governance and community management. For example, we have... That's why we work with XLab for a long time to measure the influence and healthy level for our projects and making sure we are monitoring in the right direction. And we are definitely not just looking at the star figures on GitHub. But there is no secret formula that you can apply to your organization that if you want to set up an OSPO and really make the impact and get the value out of your effort. So you have to set up the right goals and get the right people to work together within your organization and leverage the effort. And I think this is the advice I can give you to my peers who are thinking about setting an OSPO from a scratch. Well, I really couldn't agree more with Amber on the best practices side. In fact, I mean, the OSPO best practices should be very golf centric and back to our three practices. We focus on the necessary infra and on that particular front, we actually focus on the governance side back a lot. Back to the risk we mentioned, typical companies will have security and compliance teams. That said, open source security and compliance requirements are specific. After finding those alliance members, next step, okay, let me do this again. Crap. I was totally off sync. Okay. All right. I really can't agree more with what Amber mentioned. Setting up OSPO's best practices should be very golf centric. So back to the three practices I mentioned, I would offer maybe two additional tips, which we can actually use to setting up OSPO from ground up. The first one is finding all the lines you can find. So actually back to the risk we mentioned, typically companies will have security and compliance teams. That said, open source security and compliance requirements are specific. Furthermore, as open source communities means code and documentation is visible on public internet, branding and PRs would like to work with us too. So after finding those alliance members, next step will be refining and standardizing the methodology. And once we have the methodology, the next question will be about tooling. So this coherence theme is actually falling through when I actually set up the OSPO from ground up. On top of that, one group is actually facing additional challenge with multiple fleets with a group, which are facing different compliance and governance requirements. For instance, MI Bank, which is an groups of fleets, is an online bank and a financial institution. So there will be additional regulations and compliance requirements for using open source software specifically tailored for banks on top of all the open source requirements we already have. So that's one aspect. And another aspect is really about all OSPs are created differently. We can definitely use our imagination. While to do go back to provides a very standardized practices and all the reference material can have, I would strongly suggest everyone to actually use that imagination to identify internal external clients and really trying to solve their problem. All of them, I would say like the regular practices. So for end, one thing we did is we actually adopted lifestyles, all the life cycles of CNCF use internally and provide end-to-end support for open source projects depending on their stage. So projects started from sandbox stage in which we would help the team to refine and focus on their primary goals. And as a criteria for open, for sandboxing is actually the team review. We review the application with a joint board including by non-limited to the TOC compliance expert, security expert, brand expert, as on the chart. Together we make a diplomatic decision on if the project is ready to be open sourced. And once the open source actually passed our joint review in the incubation stage depending on the nature of the project, we will focus on designing the operation strategies as well as potential commercialization strategies with the project team. So it's actually a rinse and repeat process that also works closely with the project team. For the mall, we actually have inner source as a staging environment which people can put their projects in to learn and grow. Inner source by definition is this internal environment in which people can actually share their projects as if it's being open sourced but it's only visible to the whole corporation. By offering engineering a playground internally it significantly reduces barrier of contributions and sharing. Engineers who actually shine and contributed to open source directly felt more comfortable in an inner source environment. It also act as a perfect playground for setting up good practices like documentation rules, async communication rules which solves the fundamental problems also faces. Just add a few additional, I would say, pro tips to our discussion. Thank you. Thanks Richard for adding the structure and introduced to us how different department, the project team, the security team, how they are interconnected and cooperate with each other. That's very inspirational. Thank you Richard and Amber. I really like the idea that Amber mentioned how the design structure and the strategy of NOSCO should be based on the organization's goal. Okay. I think the data insights, the way we measure the tool provided by XLAB Illustrated today and two best practices of the two rather significant NOSCOs in China are inspirational. And so that's all the panel discussion for today. Thanks audience who listened to this panel. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. We still see you offline soon.