Welcome everyone. This is Una Daly from CCCOER and I want to welcome you to our second webinar during Open Education Week. Happy Open Education Week to everybody and my colleague Kiri Dali who is the Digital Librarian for the Knowledge to Work project at Lord Fairfax Community College and also the VP of the CCCOER website for the last three years is going to be the moderator for today's webinar and she will introduce our three faculty who work in the administration of justice and we're very pleased to have them with us today. Yes, thank you Una. So our speakers today are Julia Ellis who is the program manager and faculty liaison and an adjunct campus faculty member for the Institute of Public Safety at Salt Lake Community College in Utah. We have Sean Faye who's a professor and an advisor for the criminal justice program at Montgomery College in Maryland and Michelle Ronda who is an assistant professor and the program coordinator for the criminal justice program at the Bureau of Manhattan Community College in New York. So we have some questions to kind of guide the conversation today or at least get us started. We'd like us like for you to tell us how long you've been teaching what courses you teach and anything we should know about the students at your college. Julia if you wouldn't mind starting. Yeah so I've actually been at Salt Lake Community College for 13 years. In the faculty side of the house it's been six years. I teach an introduction to criminal justice which covers our social science and diversity designations. It's not currently OER but one day will be and then I'm in development right now with the global ethics and criminal justice which will be OER and then also assisting on a first responders course that's going to be OER. Excellent thank you. Sean. I'm the coordinator for the criminal justice program up at the Germantown campus and I've been teaching in the program for about 11 years. Two years prior to that at Prince George's Community College which is one of the neighboring counties. I primarily teach our administration of justice which is the intro course as well as criminal law constitutional law and criminal evidence courses and we're still kind of in the early stages of development. We've developed probably about six of our courses in terms of Z courses but we're still moving forward with that. And Michelle? I've been at BMCC since 2014. We have a program of about 3,000 students, 40 part-time faculty and nine full-time faculty. The majority of our students are black and Latino. We're a Latino majority campus and about 70 to 80 percent of our students come from households earning less than $30,000 a year. I teach two courses primarily corrections and our course called Criminal Justice in the Urban Community which focuses on, really focuses on disparities in the criminal justice system. And we've developed a ZTC degree a zero textbook cost degree program. So a student could theoretically take the entire degree plan and not have to pay for any materials in their course. Awesome. So how are you each first introduced to OER and what motivated you to adapt it? Michelle if we'll just continue with you. So in the spring, I want to check my figure. Spring of 2016 our open knowledge librarian Jean Amaral came to us and asked us to participate because we had she had secured a grant for our college to develop OER courses and the criminal justice faculty were offered a training workshop and we got a stipend for participation. So to be honest part of the draw was the stipend for participation because we all feel like we are constantly asked to do more and not compensated for our time and it was summertime so that was particularly appealing to many of us. And we were really hungry for the opportunity to meet together and work on developing courses together because we never get to see each other. We get to see each other in the hallway or at a meeting but we hadn't had such a great opportunity to sit down and really talk about what we do and how we do it. So it was by the librarian and it was starting in spring 2016 and then really since then many of the other faculty have gone through the process but we started with six of us. Okay, Sean what about you and also for Julian and Sean did you partake in any incentive program like Michelle? So very similar ours started about probably about four years ago here at Montgomery College there was a couple of grants that were offered. Some of those were where faculty were asked to create OER materials and openly license them. Other ones were towards Z degree offerings so to try and locate and adapt materials. The college through the library and also our e-learning and innovations in teaching excellence office they offered some workshops and initially I was very hesitant. It's very easy to get a publisher's textbook and look through that and you know accept that but one of the things that they talked about in the workshop was the cost savings to students and after I went back and actually sat down and just thought about I mean we teach nine sections of criminal law a year and you know the textbook out of the bookstore was about $200 in addition and you know the numbers for that worked up to about $54,000 a year and so that's kind of what sparked my interest in terms of saving students money. Ours is very similar so we have a college-wide initiative that's been really supported well in our faculty development office. On a personal side of the house since 2009 I have been the individual responsible for coordinating and scheduling for our classes. I do a lot of faculty advising with our students and I'm responsible for making the connections with our textbook so with our textbook store excuse me and so I was very aware of our student demographics the struggles that they were facing the cost for a student that was going through our program and so personally I had been very motivated and spent a lot of time with publishing companies negotiating prices and seeing what are their opportunities and so when my leadership changed because my prior leadership didn't necessarily see all the positive things that this was going to offer students. We have a very small department in full-time faculty and so we're limited in the amount of time that we can allocate because they have committees that they have to be responsible to and as well as the classroom of students and so it wasn't until my new leadership a couple years ago that we're like this is something that we want to help achieve our students achieve for our students as well as giving a little bit more control back to the faculty because we would pick and choose through chapters and so we'd have these students go out and buy these textbooks and then they would kind of flip through some of the material and then the faculty are already doing so much additional work bringing content to the classroom and so once we started the process we kind of were able to see where kind of just taking over and eliminating that cost for this to who's actually was going to work out for us but it's a lot of work still a lot of work. So what OER materials are you using and what was the process of adopting OER like for you Sean if you want to start. So currently I'm using OER materials in two of my courses in the criminal law and the constitutional law and I was lucky enough that especially for criminal law I was able to find a criminal law OER textbook that was available it was available both through the university we discovered it through University of Minnesota and Sailor.org but that textbook covered most of the materials that we needed it was in some ways a little bit of a summation in comparison to some of the other texts the publishers texts but it provided all the information that we needed now for our course we teach it as criminal law and criminal procedure and so we did have to go outside to find some materials in regards to procedure we cover criminal procedure in terms of constitutional amendments so we found you know the fourth fifth six amendment materials through we were able to find that through the federal government's website so one of the great resources we found was through Congress's website they have the annotated version of the Constitution so they have each of the amendments with all the case law and it's up to date I was looking at it this morning and I think it's it's up to date as of fall 2017 so you know it doesn't get much more current than that even a publisher's text wouldn't have some of those cases in it and so that's what we've been primarily using for for those two and then I supplement the materials through PowerPoint presentation so I have those things that are specific to the Maryland state law so our statutory law and are able to summarize that through an additional presentation so your ancillary materials like testing slides and what you do those yourself yes I have I have I'm in the process of getting some of those licensed I haven't licensed them specifically OER myself what about you Michelle we have a variety of OER some folks are using in the intro to criminal justice there's some online textbooks that they found we use some articles sweat some it was particularly challenging to find videos of our Creative Commons license but we had a grant and we were working with the librarian and really I could not have done this without her she's a genius she's an OER genius and so she helped us walk through the process of making sure we had to document the license for every material we selected but in essence I have a link that I wanted to share with you all which is our entire degree plan in a course map so the six criminal justice courses are there but so too are things like Spanish government music statistics English speech so there's in there's a course map for every one of the courses in our degree plan with all the OER materials the only thing that is not included in that Google Doc is if someone created their own assignments or PowerPoints or quizzes we didn't embed those in there but if you're really interested I can put you in touch with the professors who crafted them because they have blackboard portable blackboard files read some glitches but I think we've worked it out so we can share those if anybody's interested well yeah if you could put that link in the chat box yes let's see challenging wrong this I'm going to mute myself so in case I curse okay we're good at reading lips though what about the materials here you think Julia um so I'm just gonna be really careful not to reiterate everything that they've said because staying here we found the same types of material we have spent a lot of time in development of our own material so really sitting down discussing objectives and then piecing that out to different faculty to go out and find additional resources with the challenge of finding videos and finding articles you know utilizing state and federal material that's obviously something that you know we need to relate to and then a lot of time of just taking our own area and the foundation that we built by using textbooks years after year our own practitioner type work and then taking all of that and creating material one of the things that I'm very interested to learn from Michelle is how they have kind of have this project management tool that they're using and how that's something that they can share with another institution because right now we're doing a lot of work with our e-learning area and so we're developing all of this material into institutional walls in campus and so I'm still learning a lot from this group as well as other workshops and things that are going on across the nation to understand what is truly open and so I think a lot of the work we're doing right now is you know institution wise but I need to learn and I would love to see the resources so that we can see how can we share this material and how can we adopt material that the other institutions are working on because I think that's going to be vital for us to sustain this. Michelle is that something you want to speak about maybe a process behind how your institution can use the Google Doc to share those or what's faster than like. Are you still muted Michelle? She is. Did I unmute myself? We were on the Achieving the Dream grant and so and we were working closely with with the librarian as I said to ensure that we had to you'll see if you look at the Google Doc we had to document the license for every single you know material we selected and sometimes we had to do some back and forth occasionally we would mark something as supplemental to indicate that it doesn't have an open license but we wanted to suggest it to students right so that was a little bit of a workaround and she really helped us she educated us on in some sense being able to verify for ourselves that we had something that was truly open but sometimes we would need her intervention either because it wasn't obvious on a website or we couldn't quite determine if we had the right licensing to be able to include it in our syllabus as a requirement so that was part of the process but I'll also say that we were really interested in developing our own resources there is no textbook for criminal justice in the urban community there there's none I mean some people teach it as multiculturalism and the criminal justice system right but if you look at the course map you'll see that it's a it's sort of urban sociology meets criminal justice and those of us who teach it are really super into it and we wanted to develop our own resources but at the current time those are not necessarily considered in the evaluation for promotion and tenure so and our program is new really knew all of us the whole group of us the full-timers have only been here I'm one of the oldest people around and I've only been here since 2014 so we're all more or less not promoted and untenured and we decided as a group that we wouldn't we pushed our administration to consider it but we didn't want to spend the resources of our time and energy to develop our own materials until we knew that it could it would be right in our interests so we wanted students to have a great experience so we worked really hard to find your audio cut out for me Michelle did anybody else hear me I can hear you got out for me as well it was just a friend well I don't know what you missed but but more or less we worked hard to find quality materials without developing our own you know simply because we we were concerned that it wouldn't that be valued in the in the tenure and promotion yeah that can be a hold up for many faculty at this point are there any other questions you guys have for one another I'm similar to Julia I'm interested in finding out more about how other institutions are releasing their OER materials because we have developed not only myself but a couple of the other full-time faculty have started to develop some of our own resources and now we're kind of to the point where you know even those things that are licensed they are behind blackboard walls and so they're pretty much institutional resources for many of them so it'd be interesting to find out how other institutions are yeah so the sharing portion has become the challenge yeah that's something that I think is discussed on our email list and is a good topic for further conversation I think so has anything changed in the way you teach your courses since you've adopted OER Sean I mean for the most part my some assignments have changed but the materials have generally stayed the same especially in the online course we've been able to incorporate I got permission from the Maryland Court of Appeals they have all of their court cases videotaped so the one thing that was a challenge with them is that they are not closed that their videos are not closed captioned so in order to make them come comply with the American with Disabilities Act we were able to get permission from the court to take the videos there's a couple companies out there that will close caption them for you I think we did three videos and it cost us maybe like a little over a hundred dollars for all three videos and we've posted them to an internal YouTube page again the reason why it was an internal YouTube page was because the consent was coming from the Maryland Court of Appeals and they asked that they'd be used for educational purposes and we indicate that the closed captioning was done by us and not them and so that's why we've we've put it into you know a permission granted I guess YouTube page what about you Michelle I'm just trying to share what I'm trying to do we have a we have here I'm going to paste it in to the chat we have a web page that the library built OER dot BMCC dot cuny dot edu so we've been directing people there and I know that cheat the librarian open knowledge librarian my muted no we can hear you okay that the open knowledge librarian is also working on core shells within the college that we would be able to export but she I don't know that it's a lot of work and I don't know that that part of it has been developed yet unfortunately she couldn't be with us today because she really is the genius in this end but I will also direct you once I find the link to one other part of our library web page that has materials there that details we got some money from the state the state was so impressed with the cost savings to students because we've saved students millions of dollars millions of dollars and it really really matters I mean I made it sound like we were only in this for our own stipends but the truth is our students can't afford to get to school some days because their families share a metro card so your brother has to go to school and you don't have more than one metro card so you can't go to school right it's pretty serious so the more that we could do to reduce cost the better and and we saw some added benefits besides the cost savings which were that students became a little more engaged and excited about the material and so did professors so we're trying to disseminate the information because we did a lot of work and we want other people to benefit from you know so I hope those are useful to you I'm sure they will be what about the way that you've been teaching your course since adopting OER do you think that it's changed for me it has absolutely changed because I was still a little shy about introducing things that went outside the book that I had been using and all of a sudden I was like wait a minute I'm liberated I can do what I want it was beautiful it really was and it was so exciting to do it with my colleagues because many of us teach some of the same classes and they do it slightly differently but we were inspiring each other sharing the work with each other it really it really truly was liberating and it and it reignited people's passion about what we would do yeah what about you Julia so exactly same thing I mean it absolutely has changed what we're doing a lot of this is on an online platform through canvas for us and so when we started doing the development we started noticing when we were getting text heavy or we have too many of articles and so we started scripting things and we too went to our development office and said we want to do this video in-house and they embedded the closed captioning they did everything so it was accessible I believe our college got grant money for our development area and so we actually have a team that when we are developing and doing things it kind of it labels it and says hey this isn't accessible and so we can push it over have that team review it and then they'll kick it back and say okay everything's good now we've got this figure out for you a lot of times when we're searching for articles we're specifically targeting material that might already be you know closed captioning and it's accessible is already embedded in there but we have found that I think that's why it takes a long for developing your own information is as you get into the process and you start getting really excited and a lot of buy-in and everyone's putting in all this information and then you got to kind of filter through it and see how what the student experience is going to be but we have found that we're using a lot more of the interactive tools with videos and and our own information that we're capturing and sharing than I ever did ever before without question and we also had hosted an open educational resource conference here in Utah last spring and a lot of conversation was around sustainability and one of the biggest takeaways that we I personally as well as other colleagues we communicated after is you know there's millions of hours of student assignments that you know we had we create these assignments make sure they're meeting the objectives you know we're doing all of this work and then it's discarded and so we have been really trying to look at where can we have more of a meaningful impact with the students helping us sustain this material so we've even been working with designing assignments where our students are actually verifying that we have most current and relevant information and then their contributions are something that we turn and look at and then we'll have a meeting to say is this exactly the information we want can we use this student information or these assignments to help us sustain and keep this information relevant and current and so I think that it's created a lot more work but it's more meaningful work for us and so again we're a year in you know for a lot of the courses we really rolled out a couple of new OER classes in the fall and so it's probably too soon to really say like where we need to change and and where we'll be improving but when we do improve and when we do make changes I can see that it's absolutely holding us more accountable and we're interacting in ways that we weren't with our students prior so I think it's really and I think our student feedback is something I'm really excited to start seeing come in because we rolled out investigations criminal investigations in the summer and our faculty that were teaching said I spent countless hours just fixing and correcting and adjusting things that in the development side we didn't see it but once we had students involved we started to see some of the breakdowns and some of the flaws and so then we revised some of that they rolled it out again in the fall made additional corrections and then when we had a meeting last week it sounds like they're where they want to be at least for a short time because that's OER and so but they're really comfortable with the way that they've designed it but it took two semesters of kind of piloting it before they were really comfortable with where they're at so hopefully that helped to answer that question. Yes so you mentioned that you're kind of only a year in and you haven't gotten a lot of feedback but have you maybe got some like anecdotal feedback yet from the students or have you done have you seen any differences in success rates since you switched to OER? I really can't speak to that but I can tell you prior to us entering the OER we were getting notifications from our faculty development office which was promoting the OER courses and I do a lot of work I do a lot with concurrent enrollment where we're embedded in the high school so I meet and greet and work with those students and then as some students are coming into the college as a articulated student I've had the opportunity for ten years to kind of be a primary advisor faculty advisor administrative advisor whatever you want to label but not an actual academic advisor so I met hundreds of students and as I started to communicate the opportunity it was amazing how emotionally tied and driven the students were to wanting to be in that class and their expression of like how much we care to make these opportunities available to them and what a difference it would make and so I saw the students kind of aligning themselves with this opportunity because they connected with it and so I would say the more that we're offering the more that we're able to achieve the actual degree or at least the core classes and the college is doing so much work on the general education side of the house so I would say it was already pretty strongly oriented with students of like this being a priority for them so I'm excited to see the students communicate about the experience so I think that probably by the end of this semester we'll really be able to start we've done some even new surveying because we realize oh we're missing an opportunity to get information from our students and so I have one faculty who's been amazing working primarily with the criminal law and investigations OER classes and he has actually embedded surveys from the students to talk about what was your experience getting a textbook what was your experience with a class that had a textbook and then he's created information saying compare that to this experience how has it been for you to be contributing to the course material how does it been for you to contribute to an OER assignment you know what what does that and so I'm looking forward to his results from his students and again it's such a small population to pull from to really you know make any big plans but I I know what will still influence us so that's that's kind of what we're doing right now yeah absolutely uh Sean what about you how have your students responded to you know we are they it's been a very positive experience similar to what Julia was mentioning this is with the publisher's text I never really had a lot of feedback from students but because of these sources just the other day one of my students we were working on on some material and you know we were talking about specific Maryland statutes and she said she emailed me professor you know they there was a legislative change in the fall of 2017 that's not indicated in your slides and so they feel somewhat invested in updating the material where with a publisher's text I don't think I would have gotten that same response and so I I do feel they're a little more invested in the materials the at the conclusion of my courses I always have them do a discussion about you know what have you learned what have what would you've learned like to learn more about but the other thing because of the OER is what what was your experience with the OER resources and by far the majority of them say you know that they they are appreciative of the faculty going out and trying to find these resources and they also make recommendations you know I've I've heard especially with some of the constitutional resources you know some of them will say well that one was a a little too much reading and I even had one student who identified another resource which I hadn't seen that said you know this would I found this to be a helpful supplemental reading and so I think they're invested more within the reading materials the one thing I have found especially amongst my older students is that they do not like the fact that they don't have a hard copy publishers text but with my younger students I don't find that you know I'd say out of a class of 30 might have one or two that don't don't like the fact that they don't have a hard paper bound version you know that it's an electronic format have you seen any difference in like success rates the grades of students or retention or anything versus when you were using a traditional I mean me personally I the first time I used it I only used the OER resources for my online course and I had kept the publishers textbook in our face-to-face course and at the end of the year when I said when I evaluated quizzes and assessments generally they were about the same I didn't see a wide now again that's only one semester samples so I you can't draw a lot from that but I didn't I didn't see you know a wide array in terms of student success yeah what about you Michelle yeah I don't make you a note because I don't know if they have been processing that information we've done surveys with students but I don't know if we've yet examined the institutional data so I'm curious to find out myself but I don't know have you heard just any feedback from students about whether or not they like the OER materials better or anything like that in the surveys that mostly the library implemented the surveys I'm looking at last years and you know one of the things that I know they consistently reported is that students similar to I think what you just said about students having a little more investment they seem to have a more of a connection to the materials because we have a statement on our syllabi that explains what OER is we explain how we chose things and why and luckily for us our Reaper Graphics Office is willing to print a course reader if we have it for them by the beginning of the semester so they're they like being able to access their materials online but some of them also do like the paper but they have a certain level of engagement I don't know if it's because they understand that we've selected these materials specifically for them but it seems to have made a difference that they're engaged more with the materials that's what the survey research show. I also just wanted to chime in really quickly I have the pleasure of having Andrea from our faculty development office here and she did just share with me that we did a college wide survey and it did talk it was from the students sharing that the OER courses actually gave them the opportunity to have kind of a fuller college experience some of them had the opportunity to buy food be able to add additional courses so the money that they were previously allocating textbooks they were able to secure that money and apply it to where they weren't you know suffering personally or have the opportunity to get through the academic process more swiftly because they were also able to add other OER classes or other courses and use that money more wisely for them so we have done some college wide surveys that's talked about OER completely at the college so I think they'll be looking at oh here I can even talk to thank you it says 33 percent of students you know they talked about the fact that they weren't even purchasing a textbook prior they so this one just kind of talked about the students experiences of like we had 84 percent of our students that were you know struggling to purchase the book delayed it struggled in the class due to that 51 percent of the students were required to register for fewer classes because of the textbook so that had an impact of 50 percent of 49 percent of our students were you know kind of still just doing things regularly but 51 percent of the students were able to add more and do more because of the money that they were saving and then 32 percent of the students had previously dropped or avoided courses because of the textbook cost that was estimated to it so I mean that's pretty significant that they were able to see the impact that they were having on those students to be able to to kind of go through the process and achieve that classwork quicker yeah that cost savings really does make a big difference to students but it's it's something else to see those hard numbers or seem to indicate how the ways that it's impacted them can be really powerful. So what changes might you make to improve the course where they are now Sean? I think the hard part for us at this point now that we've developed a few courses is just continuing with the maintenance and upkeep it's not just the development of the resource but it's making sure that they're maintained and especially with as I was talking about statutory law you know that changes on a regular basis and and so where the publisher was providing those services in the past now it's the duty is on the faculty and similar to some of the other speakers we initially got a stipend for to help us with the creation but there's not so much in terms of resources for you know the the maintenance and upkeep and so that's a difficult part I think you know if institutions are going to use this not only do they have to be willing to provide funding for the creation but also the the upkeep and maintenance of the resources. What about you Michelle? The challenge we faced is really trying to get more people to adopt OER 75% of the classes that my campus and really the whole city University of New York are taught by part-time faculty and so it's a hard seven because they're also paid an embarrassingly low wage for the work they do they make $3,200 a class and so it's a hard sell to say hey I'd like you to adopt this thing that requires a lot of work right and sort of wrapping yourself around it even though it's already done in a sense because we have the course map it's a difficult transition right to familiarize yourself with a whole new semester's with the materials and maybe even innovate on your own to come up with this stuff so we've been trying to continue to find the resources to allow part-time faculty to get a site bend for that work because you know like I said nine full-timers almost 40 part-timers and we have very few OER courses because it's mostly the full-time faculty that are doing it so I think that's going to be the challenge for us going forward it's trying to find the resources to to compensate part-time faculty for for participating. What about you Julia? I absolutely the same thing here I think another thing that Michelle talked about at the beginning of our discussion was having it even though ours is a college wide college wide initiative I think that we need to build that into like the 10-year process I know there's some discussions going on right now but you kind of have to embed that into the culture and climate for higher education moving forward and there also needs to be discussion of release time and financial compensation not only for the actual development but there needs to be like a cohesive connection between a department who has like a lead faculty or a lead administrator that has experience that has them project management tools can work with the different departments to make sure that they're getting the appropriate material embedded into the course so partnerships with the library partnerships with being able to capture your own videos having everything accessible I think it's great to have discussion groups from other people that are on your campus so both internally but then also externally for people that are just involved in OER but then externally having people that are involved in your subject matter and being able to connect and breaking down the barriers for institutional open educational resources and having it more available to other individuals but then I think the other thing that's I would say for me personally is being able to have I do a lot of research and development stuff in the evenings and on the weekends because I just don't have the time or space to do it in my office it feels like I'm not even I who's championing this work have yet to find that time and space to do it as part of my work day and not part of my release from family time to work on this stuff because it's more of a scene and I hate to even use this term but I'm going to say it's like it's a passion project like I want to see it be successful but then I've also found myself in a position where I should be leading this and I still feel really insecure in having the right platform and tools to support me then help bring other people on and have confidence in the structure I have a lot of projects that are lingering and I think I could influence some change there if I had more time to participate in discussions connecting this is amazing this was why it was so important for me to participate in this is I want to make connections with other people to see hey if you're working on juvenile justice and a corrections course then I can be dedicating more time to this and then I know that we're going to collaborate and share these resources because they're truly open and and so I want to build a better collaborative relationship both internally and externally on all we are yeah do you guys have any other questions for each other before we move on to some final comment okay I don't so what about um any advice or words wisdom to faculty using or thinking about adopting OER for their courses Michelle let's start with you yeah if you know one of the things we did is that the librarian and I and a group of administrators went to the city council we went around and talked to people we went to as many legislators and interested politicians as we could because their constituents are our students and their student and their constituents can't afford to come to college right so they understood why this was important and we were surprised to get an audience with them so it was one way that we were able to leverage some of the we have 27,000 students so we were able to leverage straight the the number of students we have with their representatives to say please advocate for this in right in the legislature and it it was shocking actually but that the state found money for us to do so that we were absolutely floored by it but but thankfully we had you know support from our administration it's it was crucial without it you know we didn't have an open knowledge librarian before until we got the support from the administration and then she became the open knowledge librarian like what right so you know it's that we're fortunate in that way but I think it it was a great opportunity for us to go out and talk to the legislature so that's one thing that hasn't come up that I would say was useful for us. Yeah that's amazing we are almost at our 45 minute mark which is the time we allocated for this we can go a few minutes over if it's okay with our speakers and if anyone any of our participants have any questions if you want to put those in chat and we'll get to those in just a minute. Sean any words of advice? I mean I think for us the easiest thing was to start off with some of our upper level courses just because they're more concentrated like criminal law or criminal evidence similar to some of the other schools I think the administration of justice or intro course is the most difficult one because it covers the broadest amount of topics so we're still that we have I think three faculty members who are kind of collaborating to try to work on that but we haven't developed a you know or identified appropriate resources or created those appropriate resources on our own for the administration of justice course and the other last thing would be just to make sure that whatever sources you're using are ADA compliant because I know some of the other schools have had issues and even some of the other programs here so that would be the only things for me. What about you Julia? So I feel like I probably touched in a little bit on this in the last question but for me really it's just making sure that you have even so when you started development process we spent a lot of times identifying like the objectives and where we wanted to go and and I still found that even though we had a lot of really great people at the table when we came back and started reviewing and looking at things investigations is another great point. We then introduced it to the faculty and we realized there were some really great people that should have been part of that conversation and so I would say I'd probably start really really broad have a really department wide conversation about what your priorities are going to be and then have them kind of self-select and narrow down to where it's like okay then this is going to be the group that's working on it. I know that's not probably realistic for everybody but if you can kind of make that approach it would probably help with kind of like the buy-in and then not having to recircle over the same kinds of things or go back so much. Again really solid project outline, lead people from who's going to kind of clarify the process and then connecting with your institution to realize what support in the library and the development office because even now that I've been involved over a year I'll have conversations with people and they'll be like oh yeah I'm working with so-and-so who's helping me with this and I was like I had no idea this person was even involved in this OER development or this information and and so I really think it's nice to have like a department focus on what the project outlines and priorities are having tools and support and resources to help facilitate that have financial opportunities to support people to go out and expand and collaborate and connect with people but then also having the time to connect with other people across the college that can say yes this is how we're working and doing it and I think like the faculty development office or having like an OER group on campus get together and collaborate and talk about who they're connecting with and what their process is even if it's not the same subject matter but just understanding what they're doing to develop and so I think that there's kind of a lot of lessons that can be learned and to especially a new department that's coming on that can say oh okay you've learned all these lessons I don't need to you know replay that I'm going to take that information and apply our process a little bit differently based off of the insight that we're sharing and so that would be my takeaway yeah absolutely those connections are so important and helpful for undertaking a new project like this I have a few final slides and then we will get to any questions in the chat window so I just want to remind everyone that we do maintain a list of upcoming conferences related to open education on our website which is under the get involved tab also under the get involved tab is the link to sign up for our community email list where a lot of wonderful discussion and information sharing takes place we have some more upcoming webinars this spring we have three more faculty dialogues on OER one for every day this week and then we also have three more webinars one in April one in May and one in June these will all be recorded if you're not able to attend at these times and those will be made available on our website and also more information about these webinars what they'll be about is available on the website as well so you can kind of learn more there so let's see we do have any questions I don't think we have had any I see Michelle and Sean have shared their email addresses if anyone wants to email them for further discussion if that's something you're interested in sharing Julia you can do that as well in the chat window well I don't see any questions I do want to thank everyone for attending today and thank you to our speakers for sharing your experiences as we mentioned those connections and hearing about other experiences in the process of adopting OER whether or not it's your subject area of expertise or maybe you're a librarian or an administrator just seeing what else is out there and how other people are doing things and what their experiences are like can really be invaluable so thank you for sharing today thanks for the opportunity yeah I appreciate it making this connection for us is great yes thank you thanks again


I have one Joe for Jasper's casewrakes.com doing the random number block randomizer that'll unlock playbook pick your team 13 Featuring 11 teams here, and here's how the number block works Think everybody here understands it big. Thanks this group for making it happen. There are the numbers right there Let's roll it. Let's randomize names and numbers five and a three eight times each one two three four five six seven and eight David down to Jeremy Five and a three eight times four the numbers one two three four five six seven and eight That one down to six after eight All right, David with one Jeremy with seven Ed with four Denise with two Jeremy with eight nine and three and five David with zero and Jeremy with six Let's sort by number Remember this involves these teams right here There you go. We'll see in the next video for the break itself Jasper's case breaks calm


Hey guys, Drew with GeoArm and I'm back with the brand new 2GIG Edge and I'm going to talk to you about getting your user codes programmed. Super easy, this panel is user friendly, awesome setup, big touchscreen. So what you're going to do in this case, we'll get right into it, hit the gear in the bottom right hand corner, you're going to enter the current master user code. So the default master user code is 1111. So we'll go ahead and enter that here because I am using a default panel. At this point, you'll see a brand new menu populate. You want to go ahead and hit where it says users and then you'll see a listing of all the codes that are currently programmed in the panel. So in this case, we're just going to go ahead and change the master code and then I'll add another code after I've changed the master code. So to change the master code, you just go ahead and you hit this right here and then the little pencil on the right and then it'll have a regulatory statement. You have to agree to it. So at this point, I'm going to go ahead and change the access code from 1111, I'll just go ahead and put 1234, alright, and it makes you do it twice, save it. At that point, I have changed the master code to 1234. I'm going to go ahead and add another user at this point. So if you need to add additional users, you just go ahead and hit the add user button at the bottom, then it'll ask you for the name. So we'll just put second in this case, alright, and then hit next and then we'll go ahead and put in 4321 for the code here, go ahead and re-enter it, alright, and then it'll ask you about facial recognition, which we will have another video about. I'm going to go ahead and skip that for now and I'm also going to skip the Bluetooth configuration, that'll also be another video. But at this point, the code has become configured, you can hit done, and you will see all of your codes populate. This is how you get a user code programmed in, as well as changing your master code. So if you guys have any questions or you have any comments, please leave them below. But after you've got this code put in there, you just go ahead and hit the back arrow all the way out, you hit it twice. At this point, your codes are ready to be used, you can arm it, in this case we'll arm it in stay mode, and to test the code, we'll go ahead and hit disarm, and we'll go 4321, which was the code that we used as our secondary code. Now we'll try it again, we'll hit arm stay, and this time I'm going to use the master code, which I changed to 1234. There we go. So, our codes work, and at this point you are good to go. Make sure to subscribe to our YouTube page and click the show more tab underneath the video where you can view valuable links pertaining to this product, similar how to videos, and our low cost no contract alarm monitoring services.


Welcome back. I'm Dan. I'm Nathan. Today we're going to be showing you how to get latlongs using the Google Maps API for all the cities in that data frame that we've been building over the last few videos. Let's go exploring like Lewis and Clark back there. Alright so the first thing we're going to do is we've got this data frame. We're going to just load load it from that file we saved in a previous video. In a previous video we showed you how to take a panda's data frame and save it to a file and here we're just going to be loading it up and we're going to be calling it DF. So to get a list of all the cities, all the unique cities in this data frame of of Craigslist data, one way to do that is to specify the column that we want to query and then we'll do dot unique and put in parentheses and that'll spit out an array of all our cities of all the cities and we'll just all I'll call that city list and set that equal to to that. So that's our variable there. Now we're going to have to do a for loop to iterate over all the cities in this list that we just created and inside this for loop we're going to have a fair number of things to do so we'll just start off with the outline of our for loop with for place in city list so taking it city by city we're just going to go the first part is to take care of all of our cities some of them are multiple cities with a slash in the middle of them to separate the cities but we don't necessarily care about the dead center between the two cities so we're just going to take the location of the first city in those combinations. Yeah what happens sometimes when we're querying the Google API as we were testing this beforehand we found that it somehow sometimes had some issues with when it had a slash in between two cities and so what we're going to do here is just do a just do a temporary fix just to get a sort of a close result we'll just use a string method split to split along that that slash and then we'll just take the first city and just take the first city doing the first index so that's that I'll get us the first city if there's multiple cities but if there's not then it'll just give us a full full length as is the next step here that we came across is there are a couple locations that didn't quite work out by sending it to Google one of those examples is the Florida Keys it couldn't quite the geocoding API couldn't quite determine what the Florida Keys were so we're going to put in a try accept here and on the accept part we're going to actually set the latitude long to not a number but for the try part we're going to deal with actually getting the results for all the other cities basically so if you haven't run across try and accept they're pretty simple we will do a video about them in the future but basically it's a way of handling Python exceptions so you'll try this bit of code and if you run into a certain exception or error do this other thing and so what we're going to be doing here is just geocoding we'll call this geo from our gmaps object this was done in a previous video so if this doesn't fully make sense feel free to jump back and watch that video so I'm just typing this out lat long equals geo code and we're gonna be taking geometry these are just tags from the XML and don't forget that zero line above thank you all right and if we run into an index error we want to take the following action that index error error is from that zero that I just mentioned basically when Google can't find a result for us it sends us back an empty list and an empty list of course does not have a zero index and so we're just going to pass in a latitude and longitude of none so that later on it doesn't give us values that are incorrect or anything we can clearly correct those later down the road just by searching for the latitudes with none in this step we're going to be doing a little bit more work with the data frame so so now that we got the latitude and longitude we want to actually store it into cities that we are associating it with so we're going to be for for this data frame we're going to be locating every we're going to be locating every row where the column city is equal to the place name from the for loop up here and then in a column called lat we will be storing the the latitude value that we just pulled thank you and we haven't previously created a lat and long longitude column yet but pandas will actually just do this on the fly and create a new column as it needs to all right so I think actually we're where we need to be in our for loop so we'll just give this a run this will take a little bit of time because we do have about 413 cities but after we get back we'll want to jump ahead and we while we're while we're waiting for this to go we do just want to mention that if you do this enough you will run it run up against some of the API limits that Google sets so for instance for the Google Maps API for the free free tier of their service I think the limits at 2,500 or so requests so we're going to be okay with these 400 or so but as soon as you start doing a ton of these you're going to run into some some issues there that's one reason why we wanted to pull out the city unique the unique cities initially we didn't want to go through line by line and do all 8,000 rows that we have because I just wouldn't quite work in a day shoot it's okay oh so we did get a little bit of an attribute error it's okay the laugh for whatever reason the last item in our list of cities is not a number it's not a string so it just had an error but for the other cities in them for the actual cities in our data frame we we now have some information so you can see Jackson Mississippi now we have a lot long associated with with with that city so we can see multiple cities just quickly here we do a DF dot group by and then we want group and by city and then we'll do dot head and just do one of each we'll give us one from each city and sure enough we have just to verify it we do have different latitude and longitudes for each city so well good I hope you enjoyed this video we're excited to get moved forward with putting these putting these places on a map and and and going that route


Going on everyone Sam here late in sports cars rip in at 10 box Tuesdays 10 box select prism football makes number 184 random team style Look again at your random results as always you can find those on the website under the results tab as well as the Lincoln chat Andrew P with the Ravens Jamie S with the Colts up top down to Andrew M with the Rams and James D with the Bucks on the bottom So good luck everybody Let's do it. Yeah, I appreciate that Nathan. I like I was driving a freaking 23 draft hobby like a rally car when I Moving a bit Must have hit something no because I went from Regular tire pressure to my tire light came on and seconds later. It was done. Jeez.  Yeah All right, we got a Thayer Munford Ford Ranger took in the Wisconsin snow. I Like a nice Ranger man. We're Rangers are nice.  They didn't have the car requested from Enterprise so they gave me like a souped-up Ram Bailey's happy and Charles Woodson for the same price as the economy option. I was like, okay, I'll take a ram layer me whatever it's called Silver Tank Bigsby that is an AT Perry going to the Saints to 99 What's up Andrew? How you doing, buddy? What's up Andrew to see a man? What's up, man? T simp for the Vens 299 lender for net. We're just gonna go pills Yeah Charbonnet and Jordan Madison last pack of prison draft He's got a couple runs for the bills. Yes couple. Yes Silver Leonard for net that is a Kyle Saller to 49 for Arizona State and Not Kyle Saller Kyle. So well I was hoping Nathan, but It's an upgrade. I like the truck man. It's pretty solid be down for a throw I probably go to the airport. They might have been able to do that there a little bit of My first car was actually a Toyota Tacoma. Oh, yeah pretty similar to a Ranger like the same Arizona Cardinals Kyle. So well Arizona Cardinals where he was undrafted free agent I'll so well Ricky Williams to up 299 down and cook red wave. That's is to Shawn Watson and Whitton Johnson All right, I'll do it for prison draft You're now on to 23 certified These ones are all sticker brand Drafts Oh, no, that's on card. Yeah, those are all right. Not bad. No. Yeah, yours. Your hurts is on card 149 Lamar, okay sees back Israel Abinaconda to 75. Nice. It's like a 12-point game. It's one there for the Jets It's the base That's a nice one coming out. So you know, they're very solid mark Andrews. We'll let us to 349 Stop Jim Harden here, please Aaron Donald to at 349 Jim hard and missed it. I'm hard and brick to floater My shake put that up That's my homes. I Could get brain it worth getting graded 75 is Michael Meyer. I just went there for the Raiders I would take a look when it comes in sometimes the edges because it's such an old card and it's moved around a lot I would see how the edges look, but it could be worth it. It's sealed from pretty nice. So it foskey to 325 Should be pretty decent. It should be decent, right? The ticker card can be tougher for sure. Yeah. Yeah, if you don't see anything wrong with that 199 is Jordan Brooks. It's worth it Chevy Sonic hell, yeah Really what year Nathan? That's awesome Oh three to come I drove for ten years. I'm awesome. That's that for the 199 My dad gave it to my cousin's boyfriend. He told it in two weeks That we got the GMC mm-hmm Chad Johnson Anthony Richardson rookie Jersey auto to 55 nice. There we go. Congrats. Oh, it's very nice Take that all day Little bit of a lifted corner. I'm gonna send the empty box and wrap around this one It's still very nice. Sorry kill 299 is Zach Sharpener I Did that my after a few times. He's the truth in the snow. I had a 2007 accurate. Yeah That press got the Von Ochain to 399. We drifting on purpose. Oh Oh Me and my buddy my buddy had a Mazda 6 and I had a I had a 07 TL and we used to Awesome problems around.  It's a bear. I Love T. L. I miss it. I miss it. I miss my T. L 23 certified We'll find it eventually for sure Volvo Red Sox Edition That's fire.  It's not just like the really really red one.  Yeah tag on it 240k going strong. It's what I like to hear that is That's Honda engineering for you, baby strong 125 Damian Pierce and a 149 Dishon Watson that's Travis Kelsey Roshan Johnson. Hi Jay Spears to 199 three-color patch Nice one there for the Titans. Yeah, I was between What did I end up looking at? I was between the New Elantra, which is actually kind of nice my civic now that I have a CRV a rev for or at the coma Rishi rice on card rookie auto nice one there for the chiefs My only issue with the coma is like it's like 45 grand for the base model Is it has no power seats? That has no Bluetooth. Yeah, it's like it's really expensive for a base model It might not might not have been that much, but it's very expensive for a base model with not a lot of like now That's fair since Luke schoonmaker rookie at Jersey auto for the cowboys Nice one there Dallas 23 gold standard. Yeah, the Mavericks dope The new Mavericks dope. All right, we've got James Cook to 75 and to 99 Chad Ryland White gold David Montgomery to 299 for the Lions Leonis We've got Mr. Will Anderson that is newly minted rookie Jersey to 399 for the Texans Cooper cup 5 of 299 for the Rams said last week. I won't be saying it this week Oh, yeah 119 out of 199 Christian Watson. It is gold Jersey auto the Packers Nice one here Rishi rice 147 out of 149 for the chiefs Congrats to Kansas City Very nice She writes rookie Jersey up We're on to next 23 mosaic. No, we'll have a dice roll. Most likely on this Anthony Richardson debut blue Derek Carr to 75 Justin Jefferson moody and Bijan rookie. He's got believe we won't Wish they flowers Jalen Carter nice one there on the rookie scripts auto As a live Jalen Carter, I'll see a ton of these nice one Eagles Silver BJ ojolari disco of Stefan Diggs and Tom Harrison and Kelly Ringo disco Lamar Charlie Jones and a hooker Disco Travis Kelsey speaking Lamar Van Ness and Christian Dallas 2815 okay 15 Gold debut Quentin Johnson to 10 there's nine of 10 Congrats chargers Oh, boy, Silver is tea Higgins Tyree kill Rishi rice and say flowers Pretty nice pack there. I would say it's more normalizing than anything. I would say Andrew It's still like there's still cards that are up very very high But it's like steadyed out where it should be Jameer Gibbs This go tank Dell and Deontay banks Jordan battle and Cedric Tillman It's definitely normalized a little bit more which is good. Nice. That's a blue debut of CJ Stroud. Nice One of 75 first one stamped congrats on that one Houston very nice Texans to tea Congrats, buddy Nice one there and get that into a mag for you. I'd say Will Stroud action on the debut Just go montage The ghost taunted did something when Donnie left on Saturday It's Something fell like when it was just me here in person Did not like that was not a fan of that at all debut of will less Disco could become Cameron Lattu and tank Dell rookie ill chill chill I'm gonna go with the Texans I'm gonna go with the Lions silver Jordan Addison Disco of Travis Kelsey Tay banks and trade talker trade talker purple disco 250 and we got the carbon copy got to do a dice roll 123 left 456 right the hell of the dice at right there back right here 123 left 456 right It's gonna be a let uh three going to left jamar chase and the bangles Smith their call Disco of cd lamb treten simpson j caner t simps Disco trade talker come here Gibbs and anthony rickerson rookie Not too shabby there we're gonna do I think zenith next That's zenith first off the line Yeah, I kind of think so too Kind of already liked that with the teams. I mean, yeah Niners and Niners I'm still Yeah, true So yeah, nobody had started the year I'd say I mean nobody had the bucks going as far as they'd no found Packers Packers Yeah, Texans even I would say Nobody I mean you asked me the end of the season they were the longest odds to make the playoffs right and then you asked me like I don't know five weeks ago Or you asked me like two months ago that I don't think the bills are in the playoffs You know what I mean to 50 to 50 debug struggling for a while there.  I'm a big fan of it. So congrats titans We'll say nathan. I have some family in uh, green bay wisconsin. That would disagree disagree with that Would heavily disagree with that statement 2023 Oh christ johnson was freaking awesome dude. He was electric electric electric that whole like that whole like generation of running backs with him jamal charles asian peterson mjd mcfadden Arian foster like the list I'm sure I'm missing some but the list goes on man So cool Such an awesome uh beast's era, uh, george pickens the 75 frank gore Nice one there uh and gore goes through a few areas.  It's valid Yeah, that does sound tough Uh, deuce vaughn on the rpa. That is 99 out of 199 That is fair nathan for the uh, yeah For the cowboys on the rookie jersey to 99 And go into the broncos And then juju bretz to 199 going to the colts that's on that indy Three of 199 All right on to 22 select Uh, can you pick it field level to 75 that would have been huge I'm gonna release that nice one there. Congrats. Uh, Steelers trick london silver darnold and a jay terrell Ruin for the lions over the packers. That makes sense Silver cd cam acre silver. That's that's very fair because ryan robinson packers had to hold them that division for a while He definitely many years. Yeah, definitely rather have Roger's own vision Patrick, uh, my homes to 149 Silver pier strong jr. Rookie and trevor lorns Drake london silver germane johnson and jeno smith germane johnson. Was he was he a null? germane, yeah, he was mere white uh, and tonio Gibson to 49 this one's pretty dope going to the bucks. Uh, super ballado. Shaquille barrett That's on that one tamper. All right, the cannons And beyond iron picket mills Uh, brie salt to 99 on the rookie swatches This one there jets Silver sand howl and aiden hutkinson blue cameron dicker to 199 silver kylor gordon and, uh, Wilson rookie There's a silver louis scene and dj more. We really do Silver jaylen hurts. I know one lion's famous. Yeah. I know a couple. I know a couple. I wouldn't be super miserable about Justin fields shaman's bagging bagging for the lion salute On sunday silver eyes. They're likely rookie bagging Try hendrickson. So you give it to him. Oh, yeah. Oh xrc wide receiver one. We have two xrc's So wide receiver one is what jsn, right? Please. Oh, yeah. Yeah jsn on wide receiver one I'll double check these and then qb one. Let's go price young Congrats on that. Let's go man. Two xrc's wide receiver one and qb one So I'm just gonna I know price young obviously But uh, I'll double check on jsn. So congrats on those And I fell dropped selection It's wide receiver jsn. Yes Jackson smith and jig bus let'll go to seahawks Stuck together. Let's go pick it rookie silver tony pollard and jk. Dobbins that uh worked out in our favor right there Yeah, so on a couple times. It was not very often. Yeah. No, very true. Tom brady Base that issue 75 theory and davis price rookie jersey auto going to the niners. Congrats niners Very nice and channing tindall Then 23 prism hobby Okay, see cover or we're getting on con man. Silver is uh, hendin hooker The 249 mark andrews. Uh, no, they just threw it away Very miller sam la porto. Gee Silver sky morts 249 is marvin mims for the broncos mere Gibbs rookie and darryl call navy camo Is a jet Uh, ellen lasard the 15 14 of 15 Congrats new york That's a witherspoon rookie and anton harrison green scope josh downs to 75 There you go, uh colts juju brentz and paris johnson So by billy sims. We've got a kj henry rookie auto for the commanders silver rookie auto red wave to 149 jason kelsey for the eagles Eric gray and kj henry silver george pickins uh travis kelsey to 125 for the chiefs bijan rookie and tyree wilson paper coming up There's a portals of joe burrow hyper jeffrey simmons 175 cedric tilman and jalen hyatt silver prism break cj straub to 199 k9 kenneth walker the seahawks stetson bennett and terry stevensson silver hype is micro parson's jay caner silver rookie auto to uh going to the saints Not like you're missing elite play by an ounce That's what they're made of a wilson sack evidence silver all-purpose joe burrow to 199 jaylon carter rookie for the eagles blue wave charlie jones and jake tana cmc orange dallas goddard to 249 the eagles isaac foskey and a jet cambell All right, everybody do a quick recap here start off with our relics. We had a breeze hall Marvin mimms will anderson cooper cup david montgomery Tyjay spears matt stafford will levis autos we had jay caner kj henry That is seahawks xrc jsn and brice young xrc chickeel barrett vince young and chris johnson team tandems jalen carter luke schoonmaker a rushy rice they are munford various rush rushy rice juju brentz Duce vaughn a christian watson drake london terian davis brice a t perry israel abinaconda chile so-well and cedric tilman Magg cards we had an anthony richardson rpa to 55 for the colts and then a cj stroud nfl debut one of 75 for the taxons on the blue disco i'll do it for the break everybody. Thanks again for the film up next our personal


I've got to take my volume down a little bit, I think. It gets pretty loud in there. All righty, welcome very much to the final day of OpenStack Summit here in beautiful Barcelona. My name is Ingo Fuchs. I run the cloud marketing group at NetApp. And I'm here today to talk to you about object storage. It's really crowded in this room, I can tell. So if you would like to sit up in front, I think there are some seats available. So again, thank you very much for joining me. I'm going to spend about 40 minutes talking about object storage and how to implement and design a massive multi-geography object repository. Just to give you some ideas on things to consider as you go through the decision-making process of how you should build that object storage repository. And one of the reasons why this is so relevant is that object stores are quite large. So when we look at the number one object store in the world today, it's AWS S3. They started out with 262 billion objects in 2010. They hit the 2 trillion object mark in 2013. And then they stopped disclosing numbers. Maybe they ran out of space in their Excel spreadsheets. I don't know. But it's obviously very, very large. So the idea that an object store can be used to store large amounts of data, I think, has been proven by AWS. And the decision of going into an object storage infrastructure has multiple reasons. One is the internet of things trend, the pervasiveness of data, the data growth. It's really driving the desire to have object repositories that are very, very scalable, and they can span multiple geographies. It also means that application developers are rethinking how they interface with storage. How do they store their data? So in the past, you would either use block storage, or you would use NFS or SIFs. And now you're thinking about, oh, maybe I should use RESTful APIs. Maybe I should use S3 or Swift. I'll talk about that a little bit. One of the questions then is, how do you manage your data? So a lot of application developers think, well, I'm in charge of managing where I'm storing my data, how long I'm keeping it, how many copies I have, how I'm protecting it, how I'm archiving that data, maybe if it gets stale and old. But the thing is, as an application developer, you want to focus on your application. You want to focus on your business. You want to focus on your users. You want to focus on user experience. You don't want to have to worry about all of that stuff that happens in the backend. And that's what an object store can do for you. It can take your data and manage it. All you've got to do is you tag it correctly and you set up some policies. And I'll go through that in a bit as well. And then oftentimes the question comes up, okay, should I use file or should I use object as I'm storing my data? And there are just a few things to consider. One is we're using objects, using RESTful APIs to store it. Very easy to use, using HTTP. Everybody has it. It's very, very common. It's completely independent of operating systems or what programming language you use. And you have the capability of using metadata to identify data. So what you do with that is that you say, okay, here's a video file. Well, I can store metadata. That describes what this is. I can document what project it is, where the shoot happened, what camera I was using, who the director was, who the cameraman was, who the actor might be, if it's a dog or a pony or clouds or whatever else was filmed. So you can use that metadata. And then when you store the metadata, your object repository can say, okay, I got a policy. I know what to do with this. I know where to store it. I know how long to retain it. I know how protected it must be, how many copies I need to store and where those copies must be stored. Also, you have that idea of a global namespace. And that's not a global namespace just in one data center across multiple storage devices. This is a truly global namespace that spans the entire globe. So you might have data that's stored in Europe, data that's stored in Asia, that's stored in North America, and you get a namespace that spans all of these different areas. And then finally, you can do things like versioning. Versioning is the object way of doing data protection, meaning that if you're deleting an object or you're maliciously or accidentally deleting an object, you can go back to a previous version of that object. So even if somebody has the ability to somehow get to that object and delete it, you can still go back to a previous version. Also, inherently, you have the ability to do multi-tenancy. So if you have multiple tenants in your object store, you have the ability for every one of those tenants to have their own access keys, to give themselves their own privileges that only apply to the data that they have access to. And if you're using S3 versus Swift, so if you're using S3, you're also able to delegate access to your object. So if you have data sets, you wanna give access to those to another tenant in your environment, you can do that very, very easily, specifically when it's read-only. You can only do things like warm light. This is not a traditional warm environment like you would know from the archiving world, but rather an environment where even if it's still, somebody has administrative access and might still be able to destroy data, the user can't. So you have the ability to give somebody that read-only type access without giving them the privileges necessary to change or delete any information. And keep in mind in an object store that objects are immutable. So once they're created, you cannot change them. So you can actually meet a lot of these warm and archiving and compliance requirements with an object store. So Swift is a little bit different, right? So you probably know S3 is a dominant object protocol out there. Swift is, you know, here in the OpenStack community quite popular. There is actually an S3 emulation layer in OpenStack so you can use S3 as well. But S3 and Swift work in different ways. And in a lot of ways, S3 is a more complete interface than Swift. So you've got to make a careful decision at some point if you're using S3 or Swift. And because of the dominance of S3, actually what we're seeing is that most people deploy S3. But you can do certain things in Swift as well. There's the same multi-tenancy concept that you have, but you're losing certain things like the ability to provide another tenant with access to your data. That's something that Swift today doesn't support. So you've got to think about that. Talking about Swift, the other things I want to point out is is that with Swift, you've got to separate between the implementation stack and the API. So the Swift API today is separate from the implementation stack. And that's why we as NetApp we can provide Swift compatibility through the Swift API without having to resort to the implementation stack. So when you're thinking about an object store, there's some things to consider. One is, of course, compatibility. So do you need S3? Do you need Swift? Do you want to orchestrate with heat? Do you want to deploy using Docker? Things like that. You want to make sure that the product that you're choosing can be managed completely through APIs. Because yes, the Graphical User Interface is important, but the fact is that most people want to control a large distributed object store through APIs makes it easier, especially if you're a service provider or a large enterprise. You also want to make sure that you have a very strong policy engine, and that's key. So if you're thinking about storing billions and billions of objects, maybe across multiple data centers around the world, how do you manage where that data's being stored? And you know, the initial storage might be easy, but what if after 10 years things change? We give you an example, Brexit, right? So the UK leaving the European Union, suddenly that has implications to where people are storing data. Now, if you have a policy engine that's done right, you can just go to the policy engine and say, okay, I have a policy here that used to store data in the United Kingdom. I can just change that and say, you know what, instead of United Kingdom, store it in Italy, or while we're in Spain, so let's store it in Barcelona. So all you have to do with storage grid, our product is that you just go in there, you change your policy, you point it in different direction, and off it goes. And it moves the data for you, you don't have to do anything. So even after your data has been stored and has been sitting there for years, you can still go back and just change it. The other thing is legacy applications. So what do you do about those applications that are using traditional file interfaces like NFS and SIFs? Is that compatible to require that? Well, obviously if you don't have legacy application, that's fine, but if you do, you might want to think about that. The other one is integrity checks. So if you're thinking about, many people use object stores to store data for decades. So if data is sitting there for decades in this repository, how do you ensure that the data is always correct and intact and hasn't been changed, either accidentally or otherwise? You know, bits change, cosmic radiation, whatever you want to blame for it, things change. So the ability to have a system that goes back and routinely checks if the data is intact and repairs it if something is broken is very important. So now the consequences of that is if you have very large objects, think about a multi-terabyte video file. If you're retrieving this multi-terabyte video file and after a terabyte and a half, suddenly something is broken. How does the system deal with that? So what we do is we stream the object. So that means that we're streaming the first terabyte and a half and then when we detect some kind of corruption, some kind of problem, we just stream it from somewhere else. We just continue going. The application never knows. A lot of object stores use store and forward. What that means is that they got to retrieve the entire object first, then check that it's intact and then hand it over to the application. So there's a big difference here. If you're streaming immediately and fixing problems while you're streaming, or if you have to retrieve the entire file, the entire object first, and only then start fixing and maybe retrieving it from a different source. Scale, and this is a funny topic because I always love it, the marketing claims from people that say, oh, we're unlimited or we're storing trillions of objects. I like to ask, so how many trillions of objects have you actually tested? That's another question to ask. If you're considering storing billions and billions of objects, has anybody ever done that before? That's a question you might wanna ask as you're going through this process. Efficiency. This is a topic that comes up quite a bit, is how efficient can you store your data? How can I reduce costs? And one of the ways that people do this is through erasure coding. Erasure coding is essentially taking rate and spreading it across multiple data centers. So that's geo-distributed erasure coding. The reason why you do that is that you don't wanna store full copies of your data in multiple data centers, having three times, four times, five times the capacity needs of your actual data. So you see erasure coding, which maybe you need 50% more or 30% more or 20% more depending on what code you're using. So with some systems like ours, you have the ability to say, you know what, I'm gonna replicate the data. I'm gonna keep multiple full copies of my data as I'm first ingesting it. And then after three months or whatever your timeframe is, then I'm moving that into erasure coding. So I'm reducing capacity, I'm freeing that capacity for new data that's coming in. But when you do that, when you do geo-distributed erasure coding, you also gotta think about what if something breaks? So if you do erasure coding across physical hard drives, what that means is that if a hard drive breaks, you have to recreate the data that was stored on this drive. And if you have to do that over a wide-area network connection, that's gonna take some time, it's gonna take up some bandwidth. You gotta think about how you do that. What we do is we offer a hierarchical erasure coding, which means that we have hardware erasure coding and appliances, and then we do geo-distributed erasure coding across data centers. But the important piece is it's your choice.   But you have to have that option. And then finally, what are the deployment options in your environment? So for this product that you have, do you want software defined? Do you can use wide-box servers? Do you wanna use third-party storage that you might already have? Or do you want to have dedicated engineered appliances, which offer you the highest possible density for your environment? So what's most important? Is it rack space or is it leveraging standard hardware? Ideally, in our case, you can do that. You can mix that. So you might have one data center where you use software defined, you use what you already have, and you might have another data center where you go and just rack and stack some appliances. Here's an example for a customer that has switched to object storage. It's quite an interesting scenario. So this is a customer that runs photo processing. And so essentially if you go to a store to create a picture book, they run the software that is behind the covers and actually enables that service. And they were using file-based storage for a very long time. And they had NAS systems all over the place. They were adding NAS systems every year. They had multiple petabytes of it. And their challenge was that they were just outgrowing their abilities to manage that. So they were storing data about where their files are in huge databases. And ultimately they said, you know what, we just can't deal with this anymore. So they switched to object storage and were able to grow without having to manage that database anymore. And the interesting thing is that they're now able to actually provide different services because now the databases have gotten so much smaller because they're not tracking file locations anymore, that they're now able to interactively search the database and provide results back to their customers. The other thing is, and this is from a different customer, they were asking themselves the question, okay, I know we're going to go object, but what we don't know is are we gonna do it on-premises with the product that we're installing in our data centers that we have? Or are we going to go into the public cloud? And they evaluated the cost of that infrastructure and they determined for them that, yes, in year one, public cloud is cheaper, but after year one, actually, the cost of an on-premises object store is more cost-effective than running it in the public cloud. So that's another consideration as you're, you know, a lot of people start with cloud applications and they roll out these applications in the public cloud, but after some time, hopefully your business is running so well that public cloud becomes too expensive and then you go and you take that on-premises. So the NetApp product is storage-good-webscale. This is the product that we offer and essentially what it is is that virtualization layer between your applications up top, so that's your S3 and Swift and NFS and Syspace applications. And then at the bottom, you got your storage infrastructure where your physical data is stored and that could be on our storage, that could be on other people's storage, that can be on tape, that can be in the public cloud. We can manage that. So we can manage the data placement across whatever storage you might have and even into the public cloud or, you know, for those of you that still have it, tape. So we take a little bit of a deeper look at storage-good. One is what I mentioned before is that global namespace. So the ability to manage your data regardless of where it's physically stored. In this case, Amsterdam, London and New York are three data centers and they're all part of a single namespace. So from an application perspective, it doesn't matter. Now these data centers are just connected using IP. So nothing secret here, no fiber channel, anything like that. Just an IP connection between these data centers. And then we use something that we call an admin node. That's how you administer the system. That's how you set it up. And actually when you first install it, that's the first thing that you install is the admin node. And from then on, all the other nodes, all the other software and the environment just gets installed automatically from that first node. And that's what we call the storage nodes. Those are the systems that are actually storing the data. And then of course, you got to add your applications, right? So you can have S3, you can have Swift. This is another product that we have, Ultimval that's just back up to cloud, including on-premises. You might have your NFS and Swift legacy applications. Now, when you're ingesting data, you're looking at that S3 application up there on the left. As you're ingesting data, that's a put request in RESTful HTTP. So you're storing the data in the object store. Now, as soon as it is in the object store, now it's accessible to all the applications, we just add an application over here in New York, and that application wants to retrieve that object. Well, remember, I was talking about that this is a global object store, it's a global namespace, so it doesn't matter where the data is physically located, it will always be retrieved back from wherever it is stored. It doesn't matter. The application has no awareness over where that data is physically stored, whether it's in the public cloud or one of those three data centers here. So I mentioned policies. So policies are key because they determine where that data is stored. So in this case, we're gonna store three full copies. So each data center has a full copy of our data. And now, if the data is being retrieved in one physical location, it's coming back from the closest location that we have. In this case, the application sits in New York, so it's gonna get the data back from New York. So you can place your data close to your application. Remember, I was talking a little bit about internet of things. That's an application that we see a lot, is how do I get the data close to the application? Because it's coming in somewhere, but it gotta be used somewhere else. So next one, I mentioned erasure coding as another option. So we have multiple different codes that we can use in erasure coding. If you have very large files, especially that becomes very useful. So what I can do is I apply an erasure coding policy where the data is essentially chunked up into data chunks and erasure codes. And those are spread across multiple sites. So that means I can lose an entire site. I can lose a complete data center and I can still recreate all of the data to bring that back to the applications. I can lose individual storage systems, individual nodes. I still have that redundancy without storing full copies. That's what erasure coding does for me. I can add, I can expand at any time. I can do that in the GUI. I can do that through the API. Remember, I was talking about you can tier data to the public cloud. So the way that customers are using this is that maybe at some point in time, you're saying, you know what, I'm gonna keep one copy in my data center. I'm gonna keep another copy in the public cloud. And because the cloud really does become expensive and I'm retrieving data, I'm not gonna plan on retrieving data unless I have to. So I still have that copy on premises, but if something happens to that copy, I still got another one in the cloud. And at that point, if I need that data, I don't care about the cost. So I can bring that data back. And again, all of that is handled in a single namespace. And then of course, so I mentioned you can use appliances or you can store data software defined, we support OpenStack, we support heat for orchestration, we support Docker, we support KVM, we support VM there, we build our own appliances, that's what you wanna do. So it's really your option and you can mix and match in your environment any way you want to. So I was talking a little bit earlier about policies. And so if you're thinking about policies, now imagine you have a hundred billion objects, petabytes and petabyte of data stored across 16 data centers across multiple continents in the world. Now you're going in there and you're changing the policy, you're editing the policy. Remember, we retroactively apply the policy to older data that matches that policy.  So if you're changing a policy and suddenly there's petabytes of data moving over a wide-area network connection, probably not what you want it to do. So with simulation, you can see when you change the policy what is going to happen to your objects afterwards. Personally, I find this is a very, very useful feature. Another thing I was talking about was versioning. I was mentioning that that's really your data protection feature that you can get in object storage. So let's say you're creating an object, report a document. Now if you're deleting that, that object, if you have the privilege to delete it, you can still go back to that original object. And if you're creating a new object with that same name, that doesn't replace the old object, but rather it's a new object, it becomes a new version of that object. So it has its own identifier, you can go back to previous versions. So that makes sure that even if you go in there, you create an object, you delete the object, you create a new object with the same name, you can still go back to the old version. You can configure how many copies, how many versions you're keeping. So that just gives you the ability to always manage what's your protection feature? How do you protect yourself against somebody hacking into your system and starting to delete data? If you're deleting data, if you're deleting objects, they're not actually gone unless you retire them. So wrapping it up. So I was talking a little bit about some of the things that you should consider as you're implementing object storage, right? I was talking about compatibility, that's important, and I hope I covered that. The API-based management that you can use your orchestration tools that you have in your environment to orchestrate the deployment, to orchestrate tendency, to orchestrate who has access to that infrastructure and what they do, that you place your data with a policy because what you want is a hands-off system, right? You want a system where you can say, all right, I set a policy, now I'm just ingesting data, I don't have to do anything. Our experience is that for most of our customers, they use the GUI to install the system and they don't ever touch it again, you know, unless they're maybe expanding it. And by the way, with our system, if you're expanding the system, you're adding a new data center or you're decommissioning a data center or storage infrastructure, if you want to, you can do all of that in the GUI. How cool is that, right? You can just go into the GUI and say, I want to add a data center to my environment. Policy-based data placement, so not just the initial data placement, but also retroactive. What are you doing after the fact? If something has already been ingested a long time ago. Data integrity, this is really, really important, right? So we have a lot of customers in the healthcare industry. So think about if you're having healthcare records that are 30, 40, 50 years old, you got to bring them back and they're corrupted. You know what, after 50 years, how are you going to get that data back? It's gone, right? So you got to make sure that you have an object store that is able to go back and find out if data is corrupted and fix it if that's the case. That's scale, you know, what is your scale? Number of sites, number of objects, capacities, how big can objects be, how small can objects be? You know, sometimes systems are really good at large objects, but not very good at small objects. So those are questions you might want to ask. That also feeds into performance. What is the performance of the system? How much hardware do you need to get the performance that you want? By the way, we just improved our performance by four times for small objects, which is a free upgrade to our customers. So because of software, right?  What's the efficiency? So sometimes systems support erasure coding. Swift, for example, doesn't support erasure coding across sites for production environments. You want to think about that. Do you need erasure coding? If yes, does your system allow that today? Do you want to do full object replication? Do you want to have the flexibility to do full objects? Do we erasure coding and bring it back? Just move back and forth, depending on your requirements. And then what are the deployment options? Hardware and software. A lot of times the conversations with our customers start about software. It's software. Software defined, we can use third party storage, all that good stuff. But then typically most customers buy appliances because they're easy to procure, easy to deploy, easy to manage, very high density. So it's good to have the options, but you got to think about what's the right way for you to work through this. So hopefully I got you interested in having a deeper conversation about object storage. And I know everybody is probably tired of looking at PowerPoint slides. I'm gonna be here for another 20 minutes or so. If you have any questions, please let me know. And thank you very much for joining me today. All right, thank you.