Cool. Okay. Perfect. Let me check. Okay. Okay. I think we are live. Welcome, everyone. Thank you for joining us for today's webinar. My name is Alejandro and I'm going to be your host today. Today we're presenting numerical renomertization group-based approach to secular perturbation theory by Tomás Galvez. Tomás did his undergraduate degree in physics at Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería in Lima, Peru. Then he went to Imperial College, London in the UK to get a master in quantum fields and fundamental forces. And then he did his PhD in physics at Simon Fraser University in Vancouver in Canada. Tomás is currently a postdoc at the University of Mississippi, and he will be moving soon to the Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics in Toronto, Canada. Tomás' research focused on many things, in particular on inflation, quantum field theory and quantum gravity and strong gravity phenomenology. Remember that you can ask questions over email through our YouTube channel or Twitter, and then the questions will be read at the end of the talk. Now, without further ado, we will turn the time over to Tomás. Thank you for joining us, Tomás, and everybody. Thanks to all of you, ladies and gentlemen, first and foremost for joining me and also for inviting me and giving me the chance to give a talk to you. I hope that you guys very much like it. Just give me one minute. This is completely out of schedule, but there's something I really want to show you guys. Let me begin by saying something very interesting that we face is due all the time. This is based on the idea on renormalization. Renormalization is the procedure that allows us to understand how physical phenomena behave at different scales. Well, apparently this is not going to work that well, but it doesn't matter. So I'm going to use the machinery of renormalization group flow theory in order to try to improve certain things about perturbation theory that we as undergrads learned, loved and hate during the course of our career. So let me begin and let me just share the screen with all of you. There we go. I hope that it's visible. Yes, we can see it. Thank you very much. So the way which is going to happen is that, okay, this is the table of contents, but I will put it in very simple language. We are going to solve a problem all together. And I'm going to introduce you more or less on what's the dynamics of the problem that I'm going to propose you, which are the problems that come with it and which are the ways to actually solve it and get something very nice working on. So here is the small setup that I prepared for you guys. Imagine the following circumstance. You want to study something called the KDV equation. The KDV equation is normally used to solve inverse scattering problems. It also used to solve the propagation of solitons, which are these very nice ways to propagate to water and they're just left all alone.  That damping term in this case is a small perturbation and it normally is added in the case of this light. You can see that very nice small orange rectangle. This is also very particular of what we people do in physics all the time. When we introduce extra terms, normally the extra terms bring extra complications and involve high non-linearities and stuff that make the situation much harder to handle. So what perturbation theory showed us all the way? Well, we can have a very complicated problem and divide it into a set of much simpler problems that can be solved one at a time. Let's say the first problem that we're able to solve is the KDV problem itself, which is a free soliton just moving across the space without being altered and being completely free to do whatever it has to do. What follows after comes from the first contribution coming from a very first small correction that is added to the full solution. That is going to be the first correction in perturbation theory. And the other interesting thing is that the full problem that we're going to solve in this case has a very interesting feature and is that by itself the full problem is not ridiculously hard to solve. That gives us the opportunity to test whatever we're doing and actually see if it makes sense or not. Or if I'm just picking complete nonsense. So in this nice figure that I'm showing you here, I'm showing you more or less how the solutions behave. In the left panel you can see the background solution, which is the soliton, the KDV thing just moving all across the space. This picture shows just a peak that is moving without being altered and without feeling any perturbation or anything is on the way of this soliton which propagates freely through space. On the right panel we have solved the full problem doing no effort or no perturbation decomposition at all. And what we can tell is that the full solution of the problem shares some similarities with the original solution. It's still a soliton, it propagates through space, but it reduces its amplitude and also it leaves kind of a path behind it. It's very similar to a bubble that propagates through a very nice material and if we start to move the bubble ever so slightly through the material we're going to see that a path of soap is formed along the way. That of course is going to make the soap bubble more frail and eventually it might break. So something very similar happens in the solution of this full KDV program which also contains damping. So let's try to follow the standard perturbative approach which is have a background solution, have a first order perturbation, add them up. And what we find is slightly fatal because the full solution if we allow the system to evolve for sufficiently long it blows up. It breaks up miserably and this essentially happens because the first order perturbative solution at some point is going to take over the background solution and it's going to blow up. The other thing that is important to mention in most perturbative approaches is that a perturbative approach is a truncation in a solution. And every time that one decides to truncate a solution there are going to be terms in the solution that are going to be left over. And those terms that you're leaving over are the things that make the solution converge to something finite. So what are we going to do with that? Or how can we treat the solution? In this case we're very lucky because the full system can be sort of numerically without much of a problem. But that's not always going to be the case unfortunately. So these poses are very interesting situation that allows us to more or less try to see if we can actually produce some progress out of the situation. Okay, low and behold on the very first line. Phi 0 is equal to what is called the standard KDV soliton solution. This is exactly the thing that is on the left panel that you can tell that is just a soliton just moving to space. The interesting thing is that this solution depends only on one parameter which regulates the speed of the soliton peak. It regulates the amplitude, the width, and also the peak position. What we're going to try to do is the following. What happens if we just change that parameter by a time-dependent function that captures what happens with the system once that we have introduced the extra term in equations of motion that perturates the solution. So we changed V, the very nice movie that you see there, by calligraphic V, which is a function of time. As you can tell the original solution depends only on one parameter. So what we're going to do is to change that parameter by a time-dependent function. So the name of the game now is the following. Let's try to find what function of V is going to do the trick for us and give us a very nice solution. So the full solution is going to have the following shape. It's going to be, it's going to depend on the parameters and two things are going to happen with it. First, the parameter is going to be allowed to change and to be reparameterized as it moves. You're able to absorb and also let go certain terms as long as the evolution goes in. And at the same time the parameter is also allowed to change as time goes by. So there are two things that are happening to the parameter space. One is the possibility of doing reparameterizations and the other one is the opportunity of doing time evolution. So there are going to be two generators, one which I call beta, which is the generator of time evolution, which is named in this very nice yellow rectangle that you can see there, and the generator of reparameterizations, which allows us to change what is the identity of the parameters that you move along the way. This is a schematic plot that more or less tries to show what we are going to try to do. We're going to try to connect the deformations that happen in functional space that take one background solution and change it into something else and map those deformations into transformations in parameter space. So the generators of translations and movements in functional space are going to generate deformations in parameter space. It is very much possible to link the two transformations and make the reality of parameter space still represent what happens at first order of perturbation in the field. And to do that what we're going to say is the following. We're going to link the two sets of deformations, right? As I've been telling you, I'm going to I'm going to try to calculate something that allows me to minimize the full solution under deformations. In general deformations, both functional space and in parameter space, the deformations from in functional space just come given by the only generator it has, which is the perturbative solution. The deformations in parameter space are given by this second line, which is a complicated derivative thing that depends on the parameter solutions and on the parameters of the system, which in this case are V and the big position. If these two things are somewhat connected and the identity that I'm putting on the very first line is true, then the subtraction between the two derivatives has to be minimum. That generates a particular solution that needs to be minimized in all the domain.  Let's build a bunch of particular solutions, a bunch of background solutions, sorry, which are functions of different values of the only parameter of the system being. Let's calculate the perturbative solution for all of those different choices of the parameters. And let's try to calculate values of alpha and beta that minimize that thing called phi squared particular. Okay, so this is trying to be more or less consistent with what I've been trying to explain you so far. We're going to try to relate deformations of a particular solution in functional space and deformations in parameter space. Therefore, we are requiring that the integral in all the domain of the solution is minimum. With respect to the parameters alpha and beta, which are the generators of translations and the generations of re parameterizations in parameter space, that integral over there can be written as a nice quadratic form. And minimizing a quadratic form, something that looks like a parabola or an ellipse or an hyperbola is something that is not a huge deal to do. It's more or less simple. The only thing that we have to do is do a mathematical inversion. The arithmetical inversion is going to happen for every value of V that we are going to test. So this means that we need a bunch of simulations for all those different values in v in order to reconstruct what alpha and beta are as functions of b. So once that we have found our functions of alpha and beta as functions of b, then we have, we can easily reconstruct what five particular is. And the very interesting thing that we find once we found alpha and beta is that if we do an our job properly, then it is perfectly possible to reconstruct the first third perturbative solution with respect to things that just depend on the background. That's one part of the story. The other part of the story is let's try to actually plot what is this five particular what these five particular means. And as you can tell in the left panel, you see the growth of something like a step that starts to stretch as time goes by. Okay, I really want you to look at that figure on the left and try to compare it more or less with what happened in the left panel of the same figure. So it's very interesting because a first order perturbative scheme is also letting us know about what we thought that were nonlinear effects on the solution. This thing that actually allowed the soliton packet to dilute along the way. And he's telling us something that we never thought that was going to appear at first order solution, which is the full dilution of the solution as it goes along the way. So this means that first order perturbative schemes might have more information than we think. And it's all a matter on how to combine that information into a solution in order to make things simpler. Okay, very good. So let's proceed. Yeah, this is exactly what I've been telling you. So you have the very nice step that grows in time, and also the growth of these called nonlinear effects. And it turns out that the nonlinear effects could be reconstructed on first order analysis, which is very cool. If we have done this nicely, then in principle, we know beta, which is the generator of transformations in the generator of time and motion in parameter space and alpha as functions of this. And if we take the definition of what alpha and beta really are, it turns out that we have an equation of motion for what that parameter is as a function of time. The yellow rectangle over there gives us also very interesting and important message. And is that parameter space has more geometrical structure than we think. There is there are dragging effects, there are possibilities of having re parameterizations and time evolution that go along the way. So this parameter, not only time evolves, but also changes its coordinates along the way. It's the geometrical structure of parameter space is very rich in terms of parameter insertion of geometrical structure. I need to say something else, the dragging effects that appear due to these changing coordinates as the parameter moves in time. It's a second order effect. But it also poses a very interesting situation. If we try to make this routine scalable to higher and higher perturbative orders, the problem is going to be that it is not enough to calculate alpha v and beta v of that higher order we want to get. It's not sufficient to calculate those things in order to have the full picture. The dragging effect is going to come with contributions that mix things in order to make the order match. So higher order perturbation theory in general, it's not a simple deal. If the story that I've been telling you so far makes more or less sense than what is going to happen is that we're going to be able to find beta and alpha functions of v and there's going to be numerical error due to convergence to a full solution of the problem and that is going to introduce in this case if you can tell beta as a function of v looks like in logarithmic space looks like a power law. It just looks like a straight line, just looks linear and they're going to be small deformations due to numerical error due in the slope of that line and also in the intercept. So this is just a reminder that is very important to be very careful about the accumulation of numerical error along the system in the system because in the end it's going to bring something else to the solution that maybe you don't want to see. So things are going to have error bars and error bars need to be put in the system. Luckily in this exercise that I'm showing you the error bars are not that big. I would say they are so small that in order to plot the errors I need to multiply by something like a million to see the covariance matrix change ever so slightly. Yes, this blue this red thing that go along the line, this red cloud that I'm trying to plot in there it's all due to errors. So it's not in order to plot that cloud that you see in there I need to multiply the error by a factor of a million or a factor of a thousand in order to see the error in the same context as the data points. So yes, the errors are there but they are not that big. So please do not be afraid. If I've done the job properly well properly then it's perfectly possible to reconstruct the parameters of the solutions assumptions of time and this plot more or less shows you what it's going to be what are going to be the errors that are going to be made when compared to the full solution. Remember we have the we are in this rare circumstance and we do have the full solution of the system so we are in very good stand to compare whatever we're doing in that solution. So instead of just telling you okay believe me this is the solution I'm going I prepared a nice a nice more video in order for you to actually see what's actually happened. The blue curve is the solution that we just generated from renormalization workflow. The purple curve that you're going to see is what comes from naive perturbation theory and the black curve comes from the full non-linear solution. So what you're going to see is the following. The first order perturbative solution blows up very rapidly on you and the renormalized solution likes to stay more or less close to the dynamic of renormal to the non-linear solution. So apparently we haven't done a bad job in reconstructing a solution that decently approaches the full solution and doesn't blow up on you. Okay that seems apparently fine and everything seems to be in order with this single parameter story. What happens if you are not really sure what the correct parameterization of your problem is? In this case what I'm trying to introduce is some decoy parameters. What is going to be the amplitude and the other one is going to be the inverse width of the of the soliton and I'm going to allow them to be independent parameters of the system. Of course I know that eventually those two parameters amplitude and inverse width are going to be somewhat connected with this only parameter called v. So if I repeat the full procedure again what I'm going to find as the system is trying to tell me okay your system is only truly one dimensional in parameter space. These extra parameters that you introduce converge very nicely to the original parameter prescription that you have. So therefore the method on itself allows us to have very good control on not making any errors on how many parameters the system really has. There are ways to test the flow in parameter space and to test that we are really flowing along one line. And what makes it even more interesting is that if we actually try to also compare with the extraction of beta from the full solution which as I'm telling you all the way I already have we notice that as we allow the value of the perturbative parameter to become smaller and smaller we converge to the actual value of what beta is coming from the full solution. There is very nice convergence along the way and things are going very nicely there. So at the very least the story for beta is very good. So this is telling us that we are able to reproduce parameter flow in a very accurate way. When we actually see if we can actually compare or actually consider certain values it's the amount of evolution time that we allow the system to grow or to change is vital. This is telling us if the parameters that we're considering are going to converge to a fixed value or not and what we find is that alpha and beta not all the alpha and betas have stable values. It is very much possible that some of those values that we find are not converging to something. So yes this method has a way also to self-regulate itself until okay not all the generators or all the generators that you're finding are doing well and they're converging as they should. In the case of alpha a and alpha m there are problems and things do not converge nicely and this problem is connected to something that I'm about to show you right now. When I try to actually see and measure the convergence of alphas with respect to the full solution things do not go that nicely. There is not smooth convergence to the full alpha solution but if we completely ignore the the presence of alpha that means if we completely ignore that there are reparameterizations along the way we can expect a change in the renormalized solution that introduces an error of around 20% in the full solution. So it is actually important to consider that reparameterizations happen along the way. The method that I'm describing to you is not perfect but still it produces very decent solutions and takes into account these two things which are an evolution of the parameters and reparameterizations along the way. Okay very cool we went through this problem we tried to solve it yeah everybody hands up great good job guys. What is this good for? Here's an application that I have to show you. Since 2017 we are perfectly able to listen for the first time gravitational waves come into us. Yes great uh so okay give me one minute good. So we are perfectly able to hear gravitational waves come into us very good uh and what we are learning is that this very nice spectrum of gravitational waves looks pretty much like what we know from general relativity. So our theory of gravity predicted by Einstein more than a hundred years ago seems to be fairly accurate but there is still some room for modification. The residuals are there they are not big the shape of the waveform is more or less the same as in gr but there's we are still allowed to have some modifications in both amplitude and frequency of the gravitational waveform. So if we try to actually reconstruct templates for modified gravity what do we need to do? Well it turns out that secular divergencies as we saw as we saw on the explosion of the kdv solution are also popping up in perturbative schemes for modified gravity. So the idea of doing a perturbative expansion doing reparameterizations and allow the parameters to change as functions of time might be a very good way to actually control the divergencies happening when we try to model gravitational waveforms in modified gravity. This brings many things and many challenges ahead of us. First of all I'll just show you how to calculate an integral in three-dimensional space without further issue. Now let's try to extend that to a gauge invariant way which represents itself a challenge or at the very least try to do it at first perturbative order. Then the other thing that happens is that okay there is another problem that doesn't doesn't have anything to do with modified gravity and it has and it goes from the case of doing extreme mass ratio in spirals. In that case in particular there is also going to be blowing up and secular effects popping up. So therefore there is another opportunity by using the same parameters as in GR to try to see how things are going to be corrected in a scale dependent way that allows us to still replicate the solution of the waveform without caring too much if the mass ratio is too extreme. So that is all pretty much what I have to tell you. Thank you very much. I really hope that you like it. I hope that you have fun.  I'm all available for you. Thank you Tomas for this talk and an informative talk. Let me check if we have some questions for you too. Okay not yet. Let me open the floor for questions from the coordinators and I'll start with one question. Can you comment on the is there a way or timescale to see like you know the solutions might blow up at some point but then is there a way like to know when it's going to be good for or is? And normally that information comes from the order in the perturbative scheme. Let me show it to you. Okay so what is going to happen is that depending on the order of the perturbative scheme that you have and the time dependencies that are introduced in the parameter space you're going to have different scales happening along the way. So in this particular case there are two parameters. There's only one parameter but there's only one true dependence which is on v. But in trying to resolve the peak position of the kdv soliton we see that there are two timescales being confined. One which is linear in time and another one that is quadratic. So that's very important because that's going to tell you okay there's going to be a very short timescale period in which things are going to diverge as one over epsilon and there's another timescale in which things are going to diverge as one over square root of epsilon times beta. So it really depends on the parameters that you have and more is what is time dependence. Let me talk just ever so just very quickly about the program that we want to solve. In this case for the situation of the inspiral we have the rotation frequency of one around the other and the orbital angle. The orbital angle and the rotation frequencies are very similar to the speed and the position of the peak for the kdv problem. So let's go back to 101 physics. Phi is going to vary quadratically in time as function of the angular acceleration of the system and linearly in time as a function of the angular velocity of the system. It's extremely similar to kdv. Okay and regarding this like you might want to say like perturbations and as you said like GR generality works pretty well to like for the events that we have so far.  What about like getting full solutions or something like that? I don't know like you start from one. In some of the theories proposed, well let's remember one thing that is important. Einstein's theory of general activity been there with us for more than a hundred years. Yeah sure. If Tonya gravity was for also hundreds of years. But here's the thing particle physicists are not going to allow me to lie in this case because in the absence of a full theory what is going to happen along the ways that candidates are going to pop up from everywhere and they're going to flow your space of theories in the space of theories in front of you. Many of the candidates for modified gravity people are not really sure if initial value problems are will post. In some cases the tests have only been done at certain perturbative schemes. In some other cases the problem when you try to actually do the separation in scales becomes a complete mess because you start from the point of view of a partial differential equation which is hyperbolic and throughout evolution it becomes elliptic and the nature of the problem changed completely along the evolution. So what happens typically in certain regions right is not necessarily has to be everywhere for the problem. The problem eventually becomes not all the problems in this series of modified gravity have been solved and the only statements that can be made are only perturbative at this point. Trying to extract full solutions is not going to fly. In this case I'm even trying to show you and try to encourage you to avoid second-order perturbation theories. It's not only an overkill it's a problem to go to compute that and in most of the cases it's not even well done. I see okay thank you I don't see any questions let me just check somebody's thanking you on the youtube channel. Do we have more questions from? I have a couple very basic questions so on your on your first plots you were showing how the soliton would propagate and then you were comparing the full solution the background solution the perturbative solution etc but then what I noticed is that your x-axis was was changing when you were comparing the different plots right? Yes you're right. So is this due to the to the redefinition of x? No I just have been careless I'm sorry. Oh yeah it's just negligence on my don't worry guys it goes along the way and and if we try to to keep the x-axis fixed along the way it's going to show the same situation there's absolutely no problem. Okay okay and I will say something else in the case of the KDT soliton it's space translation and invariant solution. All right take the same soliton and just move it 300 units to the right nothing's going to happen. Sure great so the other question is do these alphas and betas have got like fixed points? That is interesting why because in principle the idea is to try to do the expansion around the fixed point and what is going to happen is the following alphas and betas are going to tell you how natural things are with respect to that to those fixed points if the beta function is huge it tells you that this theory doesn't want to take that fixed point so seriously it's trying to move away very fast. So imagine that I'm not just interested in calculating at all just corrections to the solutions let me just calculate alpha and beta functions just for the sake of doing it. If that's what I try to do that is also going to tell me about naturality of the theory and going and it's going to make me wonder if this is the fixed point is this theory the next reasonable step for the theory to move across or not? So yeah it's like for the for the sake of actually trying to improve the solution you're getting a society effect that is also telling you a little bit about how things are going to look in parameter space. If that correction makes sense or not we know that in gr for example certain parameters are just like the background value of the parameters of course are most of them fixed points. If your theory wants to try to escape away from the fixed point very rapidly then there's something that the theory is doing that doesn't like the nature of that fixed point that poses a of course it poses a question of naturality on the theory we don't know. Okay great thank you thank you very much and I think we have time for another question that appears in the youtube channel. I I paste it on the chat Thomas if you also want to read it and the question is in the solution of the kdv solution and the renormalized one it seems to be some room for improvement as well is it possible to do this considering second order terms? Yes it is possible to consider second order terms as well. The implementation might not be that simple but it's still possible. The only thing that I wanted to for you to retain from this message is that up to first order there is absolutely no conundrum with the situation. Higher order realizations of the solution do not just imply calculating the perturbative expansion and calculating something like phi 2 and alpha 2 and beta 2. It is not just as simple as that. A second order effect that shows up right away is just that it comes from the fact of doing something like okay now consider very seriously the fact that you have actual coordinate drying. Why? Because at first order order in perturbation theory what is happening is that the only thing that the reparameterization is doing is to shift the versus light in the solution. It just shifts an initial condition instead from being certain value it's going to be some value and that's it and the beta function just allows the system to evolve. If we take higher order contribution seriously we have to add the dragging effects and the dragging effects from the first non-trivial dragging effect comes from a lead racket of the alpha flow along beta. So yes it is possible to expand it to higher orders in the case of the KDB solution but it is not as simple as just calculating higher order solutions. Okay and if there's a follow-up question there's a delay of a couple of seconds so I'll read it again. Then there's another question on the YouTube channel I also paste it on the in our chat it says could you please talk a little bit about first versus second order effects also the role parameters in this competition how well do you know the parameters based in real physical systems? That's a very interesting question and well a part of this question I more or less try to answer in the previous one because okay we are learning that even from the fact of considering reparameterizations and allowing those to have a dynamical effect we are noticing that the second the first non-trivial second order effect comes just from first order perturbation theory. That's a nice first message to take. The other situation that happens in here is that how well do we know the parameters space in real physical systems? The first guess that we have just comes from stating what is the parameter space for the background solution. In principle testing what the time dependence are going to be allows us to explore more or less what's going to be the way in which we're planning the parameter evolution to flow what we're trying to see is more or less what's the way in which the flow is going to happen. So the information about how well this represented it how well this represent this situation is representing real physical systems comes from something very interesting imagine that we do not do any of this experiment at all we are not trying to renormalize anything on the solution okay then in this case the way in which the solution blows up is going to tell us what are going to be the dominant and the running of time in the solution as we allow the solution to progress. So is the divergence in amplitude in this case linear in time or quadratic or exponential so depending on what is the order of the divergence that you had therefore you're going to need to correct the question of motion for the flow up to that to match up to that order to actually allow the solution to converge nicely. So as in every perturbative scheme the first thing to do is to just analyze how badly it blows up evaluating how the running goes as time is going to allow us to introduce what are going to be the dominant terms in time evolution and correct the equations of motion and correct the deformation in parameter space accordingly so don't throw out your divergent solution observe very carefully what are the divergences in parameter space and what things are diverging once that you know that evaluate if that divergent is quadratic or whatever order in time and construct at infinitesimal order the equations of motion or the reparameterization accordingly. Therefore you derive alpha and beta functions accordingly and allow the system to evolve and renormalize the solution. So again do not throw out your divergent solutions understand very well what are the parameters that are diverging and how are they are they diverging. Okay thank you Jose. Okay I don't see any more questions just out of curiosity at the beginning you wanted to do something with your hands like you have like an instrument or something at the beginning of your talk. Oh yeah the thing is that I just wanted to show you yeah the thing is that I just wanted to show you as more as more experiment with the spring that I really wanted to do but for some reason the spring got in my system and it did not allow me to proceed so yeah technical failure just happened so okay I just try to be a happy camper and leave. Okay well thank you. Yeah um oh yes sorry. I have one question that is kind of because the method is very very powerful for non-linear equation let's say which is a little bit of stuff but what happened if you apply okay the name was the what happened if you apply this for cases that are linear differential equation like the typical that we know and the second question just in what happened if you include for instance you could apply these same things for the navier stoke equation or something with more special special debate how it would you're gonna have alpha beta for any dimension or is alpha beta for the common for all the dimensions or okay these two questions. That's very interesting uh it is true that in principle I try to work with a non-linear equation right but the correction I don't know if you notice this but the correction that I mentioned you hear is linear so in principle there is absolutely no problem if you introduce something non-linear or non-linear in the system that's that's not a that's not a there's not an inclusion principle for that that's fine you have a very good point maybe a very nice next thing to try is to try with fluid equations I would say to try with particular solutions of fluid equations and allow those solutions to evolve in a non-linear or in a more complicated environment so you have a solution that you you know very well and understand and you know very well understand how the the parameters behave and now all of a sudden you expose that solution to something way more complicated and it's exactly what we're doing here I'm taking just a soliton which I know very well how it behaves and I'm exposing it to a more complicated background so therefore there's going to be alpha and beta for every parameter that you have in the system so uh it comes up again of understanding what is the nature of your background solution and how compatible is it with the perturbative solution that you're trying to to implement or I would say more precisely is your is your background solution allows for the system as a thing to evolve are we parameterization sufficient to actually try to solve it because if your values of the beta functions and alpha functions are huge then that's telling you very clearly two things either you're using the wrong initial condition or either that modification that you're doing in the system is actually doing something completely crazy to the solution okay thank you Tomas for this very nice talk and very passionate one I think people can find your email on the University of Mississippi web page of the physics department in case there are more follow-up questions and yeah this is our webinar 97th please stay tuned for the next three months of this uh season and then we will come back potentially August or September thank you very much everybody for attending us bye Jose bye everybody thank you very much


It's 3k and I'm back like I never left cooking up content like a chef shooting videos like I'm step curry So here we subscribe because it's time for us to slide. It's time for us to slide, baby We got our first order. We're trying to go our hand get it to order. Now. Let me say this It's not the greatest order when we have to do we have to do sometimes while we are here in the ground We are picking up from Lowe's by the pull up get dough In skull we're dropping five miles. We're picking up four items that weighs 214 pounds for 34 oh two get this money. It's what we're about to do. Let's go And we are here at Lowe's to get dough in skull I don't know where I'm supposed to go in this one because I ain't never been to this place before Am I going to the right side? Oh, I gotta go around here. Hold on Up to me. Up to me. Had to go over here. Okay. See the other ones don't have this right there. So How you doing boss? I'm gonna have a freight order to pick up going to glim view The order number is 922 Okay 922 039 054 Um, no, I should be okay It's like a hundred pounds Okay, I need also need the receipt so I can take a picture of it like the receipt or something So sometimes they give me like a I don't know. It's a piece of paper that they print out. I just have to because on the app It's going to ask me to take a picture of the bill, which it doesn't have to be received Just have to be paperwork showing maybe where I'm dropping it off to or something So I have to take a picture of here and then I have to take a picture of the cargo once I put it in the van Okay So I mean anything would do as long as I have some type of paperwork Okay Yeah, when they came come with a little Actually Really? So you can print the receipt. I'll help her load this and I'll just come back And we are here at the drop-off time.  Hopefully yeah, baby I don't want to make all this noise because I don't know. It's kind of quiet on this in this And he got these stairs I'm gonna have to put them inside of the garage Hello, how you doing sir? I'm here with your lowest order. Okay. Alrighty. I have everybody in the van here Okay What's this your house? Are you flipping the house? Or are you just you guys are going to sell it or are you keeping it? No, no, no or you just remodeling. Yeah I'm gonna help me doing this. I'm a slide. We can just slide it down and then or we just lift it up Whatever you want to do. It's not that heavy. It's like 80 pounds Really? Yeah So it comes for me it comes in through our app and then Um, you could like accept it or decline it. So that's how it works for on my end Went to the store Lean it down a little bit Order number two today has been going terribly slow. Are we doing what we have to do? I'm talking about we literally was sitting out here for hours before we got this order from our carrier, baby We're about to go ahead and get busy. I'm glad you guys are with me. We have 37 deadhead miles 15 loaded miles so 52 miles all together and we will receive a payment of 150 r.r.p. Nipsey. Let's go just like that. We are here at the pick-up location. Dang it.  Don't see this.  How you doing, sir? I might have an order to pick up from you guys to go to Sharon Williams and Mattson And the order number Oh, that's that's actually, um That address is the next building over If you turn right at the stop sign So go out of here turn right at the stop sign. Yeah, and then it's just One building down one building down and they'll they'll uh But you're in a van. Yeah Yeah, they'll Well check in where the docks are And they'll tell you to go down a little bit further to this A parking lot so that they can you know, okay Yeah, go to the the next building. They'll have so it's still the you got the same company, right? Okay, just the next building over come out of here.   All right. Thank you very much. So I appreciate your help We pulled up to the second building Let's see if we got this one ready.  I have a uh Something to pick up to go to sharon williams mattson and mattson Here's an order number Yes, sir The number is right here the order number All right. Thank you, sir We are finally about to get loaded baby Just like that. We are here at sharon williams, baby I'm glad my god hooked me up last time. He showed up to him. He told me where I need to go Last time I was here. So now I kind of know How you doing, sir? I have a loose job up from you guys for And I'm in the cargo van. Yeah, it's all on one pallet. There's two drums on one pallet Yes, sir I'm sure you're already down by the yes, sir Thank you very much. You have a good one just like that And my god about to pull in so we go out and get these divot in y'all know about the wind Hopefully you can get this doing up with one swing.  You're the first person who didn't hit it You probably like the third like the third or third or fourth everybody be hitting it. You ain't touching at all Yeah, you can be right. I appreciate you boss Yes, sir. You have a good one and just like that it is over, baby I ain't gonna lie. I didn't want it to be over, but it is what it is We only made 184 thousand two cents today and we were literally out for eight hours when you let no money show I don't know what's going on in my area, but it was super slow There was some blows that came up. We did put some bids on some we didn't get those And then the other ones they were going to from Illinois to Michigan and absolutely not We ain't missing baby. We missed no time after driving all that time, baby We're not doing that. So it is what it is, baby. We only made 180402 Now let's get into what you guys all want to talk about right now I already know baby about the hazmat stuff. I already know y'all we in the comment section to comment You can't do that. You need a uh a placard. You need this. You need that I already know, baby. You have to just have this special stuff.  So uh put it right there, baby. Y'all see that What that basically says is anything that is flammable combustible and all that stuff if it is under a 10000 and one pounds you do not need a placard. That's what it says right there, baby So I went right on google and found that out. So for everybody who know everything about everything Hey, read go to google type it in on google for yourself and find out what it says about Flammable combustible and having a placard for hazardous material. Look, I ain't no professional I'm learning and earning if you hate me. They might concern it now The slow coming in right now. Let's see if it's good. This one is from Bensonville to Indiana Absolutely not pick up at 5 p.m. Tonight and then job it off at 9 a.m. Tomorrow. No, we're not gonna do that We also do have a order for tomorrow morning. Just so you guys know So hopefully tomorrow is better than it was today But it just been real slow, man And honestly, I'm thinking like me my business partner been talking about this stuff It's been low key super critical because we got the commercial insurance and everything We have to try to get busy, but we already ran any any lows We beat on a lot of them and we don't win a lot of them So Maybe we start looking for some other carrier companies. I don't know come on below and let me know I hope you guys enjoyed this video again. Also, do do be afraid before we go Come up below and let me know if you guys have any ideas on how we can make more money with the cargo van So we're gonna get some more bands.  I see you guys on next one We're going to be going you already know it is ddk and I'm on my way


And we're live everyone welcome to Thursday night where we go live and uncensored on rumble at 8 p.m Eastern 5 p.m. Pacific 1 a.m. UK I'm Greg Prescott in 5.com and in 5d.net And I'm joined by my lovely beautiful sexy goddess of a wife Allie.  Yeah people just show up out of nowhere How is your day my love Good busy. Yeah busy and busy three or four readings. So yeah, it was good That's good. Yeah Good for you and good for them that got the readings. What a treat it was for them.  It's no good doing that, you know, so anyway No, it's what it is So we have more a hotel Rica. Hi, how are you? And she spelled your name two different ways making sure that got both bases covered Allie there or Allie here Yeah, um, I do use both both ways actually to do one now I do You know when I write to you I write a li But when I made your website, you said I don't care and I made it a l l y on psychicelly.net So I Yeah, yeah, that's This Danny. Oh Danny is tomorrow isn't it? It's like it's gonna be Yeah, so yours came out today my mom said No, yeah, it came out. You missed it. It was five five thirty. Yeah, you're probably doing reading Yeah, but it was fantastic. She has a great group of followers and It's just doing the show with her was so easy She's so easy to talk to and you're gonna find the same thing. It's gonna flow and it's gonna be amazing Yeah, yeah, I Know I know I see Danny's, you know, we've we've we've had an interview with Danny before but I always Danny, this is me. Okay, so I I don't know dates. I don't know time So if you said to me, so when did your dad pass away? I wouldn't be able to tell you Over 10 years. That's about it. I mean, and I think perhaps you've got to remember these things I barely remember how old my children are Honest to God Yeah, because it's not time numbers, they're not relevant to me and so I get panicked It's like so if Danny asked these questions, I'm like, oh my god, what do I do? I know that November 5th is an important date in history. Yeah, I know that one Yeah And yeah October, how about us going? You know when we get arranging to go away How about us going away for your birthday? Okay But it's gonna happen somewhere It's gonna have to be somewhere in Europe because I spent yesterday just researching. I Could find connecting flights in Canada But they also had from there. They had a connecting flight in the United States Which won't work for you so my friend This made me feel a little bit better My friend is a police officer and she also travels around a lot and she said that legally if you don't if you when you come off your flight On a standby like say if we have to refuel in America Just for anybody's watching it's like my visa was not authorized So I'm panicked about anything to do with Going into America I'm some sort of terrorists on their list So So cause I'm like going I don't want to go, you know, even if it's just really well to go to America But she said you don't even go through passport control All you do is you go from one one gateway to another gateway So I don't know is anybody else experienced this So yeah, well, that's the case then We can do cancun I Know you've got your heart set on cancun. I would love cancun. I think you would too I Think so. I don't care where I really don't honestly. I just want to be with you That's it if I had a preference preference it would be at a beach and it would be tropical. Oh Yeah, yeah, of that of course, but I don't care where Yeah, you do because you said you don't want to do a cruise from London Yeah, that's cold So you do care where yeah, you said tropical and beach and I said yes, but I don't care where As long as it's tropical and beach Gotcha Ah Man you look fantastic. Look at us wearing blue. We're bopsy twins Yeah, no, we don't I've heard bopsy, but what word did that word? I got I got to look that up because Yeah, I've heard that all my life and I have no idea what the heck it means and we say certain things, you know And oftentimes we don't even know what the hell we're talking about Where he is he is the king he is He is the he was out there when no one else was out there doing this Encyclopedia of anything spiritual metaphysical and I think you know in 5d You know has helped helped so many people open open them up to finding their spiritual side the majority of the people that I read for are Why did a wide awake because of you? off because of you You know, you know, I know that that must have shown out when Danny was interviewing you. I'm sure Chances are you know, there's over 6,000 articles on n5d Chances are if you're spiritual or metaphysical You've seen at least one of those articles. You may not remember the website or the name or who wrote it But chances are you've seen at least one of those articles Hopefully not in the UK Okay here It's not I always thought it was bop like BOP But is Bob BOP BSE what the Bobsy twins Comes from a children's book series of the same name was what's found first published in 1904 the series follows the adventures of two sets of fraternal twins Bert and Nan and Flossy and Freddie Bobsy Books were written under the pseudonym Lorely hope was there was actually a collective pseudonym for a number of different authors Ba-ba-ba It's exact origin of the term Bobsy twins is unknown Although it's thought to be a corruption of the word Bobsy The term Bobsy BOP SE which is the way I thought it was is a nonsense word That may have been used as a nickname for the Bobsy twins in the early days of the series So Bobsy twins. Yeah, I've used that for years ever since I was a Kid never knew where it came from or what the meaning of it was Have you ever heard of it before tonight? No, never Want to go swimming in shark infested waters? No?  Oh, no You had a cute look on your face when you froze from my end Dear oh dear See definitely go over to see Danny Danny Henderson were asking about where the where to see the interview yet Go to Danny Henderson's YouTube channel Yeah, did we both freeze guys or is it just me I? Love to see you on with Danny was great and warm and a few. Thank you. Yes. Thank you Yeah, I'm recognizing some of the names that were here like Skyler and Tariqa were over there on her channel. Oh Yeah, welcome Yeah, I know that we picked up a bunch of new subscribers through Danny, so I like that I like that Danny I'm good at that. I'm good at that talking about what I am Bullocks I could do that Hi to sage. Thank you for joining us and Claudia as well Hi, Claudia November 5th. It's Guy Fawkes Day, of course Yeah And and our wedding Yeah So what is November that provides my husband's birthday and the day Mac Marty McFly. I didn't didn't read the end of that It went Hi to Mary Jane, thank you for joining us lovely lady. Hello I've got you down. I'm gonna be doing your patreon reading soon. So Yeah, get ready for those You see Tariqa, that's exactly why we brought up November 5th. It's your firstborn's birthday So and we just wanted to tell the world about it. Yeah Yeah, we're psychic. Did you know? We are Hi Maureen and you are 100% correct. You knew the the answer to that and so Oh Yes Yeah, definitely just go to Danny Henderson's page YouTube page D. A. N. I Henderson You'll see it this lady here. Yeah She's got amazing interviews absolutely amazing I love listening to Elena Denon, I think she's Fascinating absolutely fascinating. So yeah, love it and she's one of us.  Yeah, so that's a badge of honor Yeah Cindy Loper had a song called she bop. I remember that do you know Yeah, I don't know the lyrics but not a big Cindy Loper fan, but I do remember that back in the days in It was me that was like that was my era 80s. Wasn't it me too? Yeah Hi Tracy from Ohio.  We did that last night. They all did amazing and then I was just I actually went to bed at English time amazing Yeah, yeah, cuz I was about to call you up at 10 30 my time, which is still early for you normally Yeah, and you had already sent me a message saying that you're going to bed and sweet dreams and I'm like, whoa That is when I did not expect that when my mom Is because it's every other Wednesday. I do agree paper my mom's house But when I'm staying at mom's he goes to bed She reads for about a couple of minutes or whatever or does a bit more Facebook And then I can't talk. She wants everything silent. So really I Can't do it. I guess She's a light sleeper very very very I'm frightened to even go to the Lou Yeah, cuz it can wake you up. Yeah, I don't flush the Lou or anything like that when I stay there. Yeah So don't make a drink Yeah, boiling the kettle would be too.   Yes, and then you're done for the night But I do tend to then go to bed at a normal time, which I don't usually so yeah, I think it is good for me I don't think it's it's like if you imagine working nights Continually, it's not good for your body to work nights all the time But my going to bed is usually about 6 a.m. Every every single day every day Yeah That makes sense Yeah, I couldn't put one. I'm such a tart. I couldn't put one-on-one together hugs instead of hugs Hi to Marsha Hi Marsha, that's a new name. I think So who's new here from Danny's channel, we know star and the dynamic Chihuahua's we know that lady See and she's smart enough to know that she meant hugs Yeah, not neither one of us picked up on that hugs No Look at Greg hug. No, we didn't know we didn't I So know you two are tapped in tuned in and turned on Turned on about oh love Ditto Can't help it Yes, yes, that's it Marsha Marsha Marsha. Yes, just a different name coming in I guess Yes, yeah, yeah, or as Ellie would say Marcia I'm sorry. I'm sorry, you know I was reading for a Spanish lady today and she was trying to get me to say her name is Spanish I was like, I'm not gonna even try because I'll crucify it Well, say say Marejo and roll the R. Marrejo. Can you say that? I can't do it.  It's good thing. I don't have to do it on mine Yeah, no anyway, we're going over to rumble very soon Uncensored we can say all sorts of things and we usually start off with a few swear words just to make Sure that we we actually can't say anything not because we swear as in a big way, but just because we can I Mean we've been on here for half an hour and we haven't swore I don't think we swear at all on Tuesday night for you and me live or global predictions But yeah when we start out there, yes, probably gonna be a couple expletives So then maybe directed towards someone here that runs this Lovely YouTube channel. We're not channel, but you do. Yeah. Yes. Yes. I've got Libra rising which always makes me giggle Yes Easy to remember your rising sign. It is darling. Yes Yep, so yeah, I'm sun moon and rising all all in Libra So it is 759 if you're watching on Facebook the link to rumbles up above if you're watching on YouTube, it's down below the video So we're gonna be hopping on over Anything you want to follow up with or end with here my love No, just We've got a raffle going. I'll maybe say more in the next one. But yeah, just Yeah, it's it's some life's good life's good keep thinking positively keep Visualizing in your mind how you want this world to be we focus a lot on what? What bad things are happening which we do have to we can't just be blinkered But we are we are writing our future by our thought pattern and so just visualize How do you want this beautiful planet to be? Well on that note, let's get ready to rumble. Let's let's rumble on over to that there We'll see you guys over there in a matter of Minutes probably seconds. So Facebook on that link YouTube click here and I put it a link in the chat See you see you over there. Take care everyone


In order to work in such a complex and important industry, mission critical operators need to have certain personality traits. These traits form the basis of a mission critical mindset and a firm foundation for a career in industry. So what makes a good MCO? A good MCO is accountable. An employee who is responsible and capable of explaining their actions to someone is invaluable. In mission critical operations, it is sometimes necessary to keep logs, complete reports, and sometimes even document things that do not go as planned in order to avoid it happening again. Whatever the task, a successful mission critical employee completes these records thoroughly, precisely, and in a timely manner. A good MCO is adaptable. A successful mission critical operator is one who is capable of adjusting to changing conditions. Being flexible and cooperative in any situation that arises can make everyone's job easier and help some mission critical organization keep operating. A good MCO is a communicator. An effective mission critical operator is also an effective communicator. Effective communicators not only get their point across, but are also active listeners. Their use of both verbal and non-verbal communications helps those around them to avoid confusion and miscommunication while helping with productivity, morale, and team building. When seconds count, effective communications are critical. A good MCO is proactive. Thoughtful employees who are prepared for possible problems and stressful situations are necessary in the mission critical environment. A mission critical operator who has already begun thinking about potential scenarios is well prepared and calm while working to prevent outages, accidents, and other recurrences. A good MCO is rational. Someone who is logical and reasonable is an asset to a mission critical organization. An employee capable of working with good judgment and possessing an ability to sort out information given to them to determine what is pertinent and important is a valuable asset. A good MCO is self-motivated. In a mission critical environment, those in management do not always have the time to push the employees that work under them toward the goal or objective. It is preferable to hire mission critical operators who are motivated to move forward and meet objectives out of their own personal desire to succeed. As you can see, being a good mission critical operator requires a special person. With the right technical skills and a good mission critical mindset, you can go far as an MCO.


The last mistake that a lot of food owners make, myself included, is not looking at numbers. Now imagine this for a second.  What happened? This is a very common scenario that happens, that people work for hours and months and years later to realize that they're actually not making money. They don't know where the money goes. They don't know why they are bleeding out money, because they don't take into account of the high ingredient costs. They do not program the profits into their operations. They do not account for their own labor costs later to find out that they're actually sucking out all the money from their business.


The question is that amendment 1328.1 in the name of Neil Bibby, which seeks to amend motion 1328 in the name of George Adam on setting out a business programme, be agreed and members should cast their votes now. The result of the vote on amendment number 1328.1 in the name of Neil Bibby is yes, 53, no 68, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that motion 1328 in the name of George Adam on setting out a business programme, be agreed, members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. The result of the vote on motion 1328 in the name of George Adam is yes, 68, no, 53, there were no abstentions, the motion is therefore agreed. The next item of business is consideration of four parliamentary bureau motions, and I ask George Adam on behalf of the parliamentary bureau to move motions 1329 and 1330 on approval of SSIs, 1332 on substitution on committees and 1333 on the office of the clerk. Thank you, Presiding Officer, all moved. Thank you. The questions on these motions will be put at decision time, and there are seven questions to be put as a result of today's business. I remind members that, if the amendment in the name of Graham Day is agreed to, the amendment in the name of Graham Simpson will fall. The first question is that amendment 1300.2 in the name of Graham Day, which seeks to amend motion 1300 in the name of Neil Bibby on ScotRail, be agreed. Are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed and members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. The result of the vote on amendment 1300.2 in the name of Graham Day is yes, 68, no, 53, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed and therefore the amendment in the name of Graham Simpson falls. The next question is that motion 1300 in the name of Neil Bibby, as amended on ScotRail, be agreed. Are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed and therefore we will move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. I call Sharon Dowie for a point of order. I call Sharon Dowie for a point of order. It's not connected and I would have voted no. Thank you, Ms Dowie. We can record that on your behalf. The result of the vote on motion 1300 in the name of Neil Bibby is yes, 68, no, 53, there were no abstentions and the motion as amended is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 1302.3 in the name of Humza Yousaf, which seeks to amend motion 1302 in the name of Jackie Baillie on taking action on the NHS and ambulance crisis, be agreed. Are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed and therefore we will move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. The result of the vote on amendment number 1302.3 in the name of Neil Bibby is yes, 68, no, 53, there were no abstentions, the amendment is therefore agreed. The next question is that amendment 1302.2 in the name of Sandesh Gulhane, which seeks to amend motion 1302 in the name of Jackie Baillie on taking action on the NHS and ambulance crisis, be agreed. Are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed and therefore we will move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. I call Siobhan Brown for a point of order. I call Rhoda Grant for a point of order. Thank you, Presiding Officer. I was unable to vote if I had voted, I would have voted yes. Thank you, Ms Grant. We'll ensure that's recorded. I call Michelle Thomson for a point of order. Thank you, Presiding Officer. My connection dropped and I was unable to vote. I would have voted no. Thank you, Ms Thomson. We'll ensure that's recorded. I call Siobhan Brown for a point of order. Regrettably, we're unable to hear from Siobhan Brown. The result of the vote on amendment number 1302.2 in the name of Sandesh Gulhane is yes, 53, no, 67. There were no abstentions. The amendment is therefore not agreed. The next question is that motion 1302 in the name of Jackie Baillie as amended on taking action on the NHS and ambulance crisis be agreed? Are we all agreed? The Parliament is not agreed, therefore we will move to a vote and members should cast their votes now. The vote is now closed. The result of the vote on motion 1302 in the name of Jackie Baillie as amended is yes, 70, no, 51. There were no abstentions. The motion as amended is therefore agreed. I propose to ask a single question on 4 parliamentary bureau motions. Does any member object? No member objects, therefore the final question is that motions 1329, 1330, 1332 and 1333 in the name of George Adam on behalf of the parliamentary bureau be agreed? Are we all agreed? The motion is therefore agreed. That concludes decision time. Once again, noise in this chamber has prevented me from participating in some parts of this afternoon's proceedings. I would like to thank you for continuing to remind members of the barrier that excessive noise causes in the chamber. What I am particularly annoyed at this evening is what I believe to be ableist comments when others are challenged either by myself or comments after you intervene, Presiding Officer. Indeed, when I challenged a member who shall for now remain nameless that I could not hear over their shouting, that was met with a shrug and a comment about others not taking interventions. Could I take this opportunity to remind all in the chamber that it is often your behaviour that is a barrier to others participating and not our impairments? I would be grateful, Presiding Officer, if you could advise on what else can be done. Thank you, Ms Mackay, for your point of order. I am in no doubt that colleagues will have heard your comments, as I have asked frequently. We need to make sure that, although we do not want to debate whether it is to be a silent chamber, colleagues are going to show their appreciation, their disquiet, sometimes their discomfort, their dissatisfaction with other members' comments, but I do think that we could get to a position where we conduct business with courtesy and respect, and that involves ensuring that each and every member in the chamber can hear what is going on. I appreciate that sometimes there will be lively and noisy interludes, but if we could just bear in mind that perhaps we may not all hearing across the chamber may not be the same for each and every member in this chamber, but I would like to get to the position where each and every member in the chamber can hear what is being said at least most of the time. Thank you for your point of order, Ms Mackay.


Okay, so you met at church, you've been dating for six months, uh, are you waiting until marriage to have sex? You are. Whoa, whoa, whoa. I'm glad someone said it. Look, I can take a joke as much as the next guy, but this is a pretty good example of what actually happens in real life when you live out the Christian faith. It looks weird to the world, comical even. Why would you live like that, they ask? Why would you deny something so fundamental to human nature as intimacy until after marriage? I think one of the most important things to explain to people is that our obedience is the outflowing of our love towards God. We don't do this stuff because we think it makes us good people or it'll get us to heaven. We seek to obey God as a direct response of God's love for us in sending Jesus to take the punishment for our sin on himself. It's out of joy that we seek to obey him, not duty or obligation. God's ways may seem weird to the wisdom of the wise, but we can trust that they are best.


Hey guys, it's Nate, AKA the Foot Accountant. Welcome back to the channel. I want to talk about a few things related to a trend and a trading method that we do most every week in FIFA Ultimate Team, and that is called Thursday Flipping. Now, we are on the verge of a massive week in FIFA Ultimate Team, and that is because of the great promotion called Black Friday. So I want to talk about a few things today in terms of Thursday Flipping. Are we going to do it this week? Is it going to be profitable? And are there are there going to be ways to basically make coins from rewards this week? I want to talk about that kind of stuff in this video today, because I know a lot of people like Thursday Flipping. It hasn't been the most successful trading method or trading way to make coins this year at all times. It's been kind of hit and miss depending on the week. And I think this week is going to be one of those miss type of weeks, especially with the Black Friday promo. I myself, I'm probably not going to be buying any cards for Thursday Flipping. I don't think I will. And if I do, I will talk to you guys about those cards right now and what those cards would be with everything coming with Black Friday. People aren't buying. You can see that on the market right now that in terms of these informs, in terms of these, even some of the meta cards in the market, a few people have started to buy a few cards like Namar is like probably the most in demand card on this game in terms of how many people have asked me, yo, when's the best time to buy Namar? So many people are going after this card. I've seen this card go up a little bit, just kind of like a fluctuation. He's up like 20k, maybe 10k right now. So, but overall for the market, people just aren't buying. Informs are down. A lot of gold cards are down. Just a lot of people that know about Black Friday are not buying cards because they know what is coming this weekend and a lot of price drops, a lot of price changes on the market. A lot of things being impacted because of Black Friday and also the uncertainty of what is Black Friday going to look like in terms of what cards are going to be in packs and what EA is actually going to do with this promotion. So that's the biggest questions and that is exactly why I don't think I will be investing this week for Thursday flipping. But I will talk about a few things now before we get, I'm going to talk about Black Friday investing type stuff towards the end of this video because after the Thursday flipping stuff, after we mentioned that, I want to kind of speak about some of that stuff as well. So Thursday flips this week, if you're going to buy any card to flip, if you want to go for it, if you want to take the risk, there's probably still going to be some people on this game that go and buy cards after they get their rewards on Thursday because it's just simply the fact that some casuals and some people that play this game on a weekly basis and they play weak and leave for the rewards, they just might not know that Black Friday is coming or they just may be in their normal usual routine and they're going to buying cards. And obviously if there's not as many people doing Thursday flipping, which they do every week, there might not be as many people that are actually going out and buying up these cards to sell them, which actually might make the cards move a little bit. So if you know what I'm saying with that, I don't think there's going to be a lot of people that are going to be buying though as well. So you can make the case that, yes, there could be some movements on the market. I do think there are going to be some small movements in terms of flips, in terms of cards that will move a little bit this weekend after rewards. But I think a lot of people are honestly, a lot of people in the FIFA community might be saving their rewards and especially for people that are in the know, people that know about Black Friday and they understand the promotion. People are just going to be opening their packs and selling whatever and getting their coins because they know that Black Friday is coming and they don't want to be losing coins and stuff, and they want to buy prices, buy cards at lower prices. So I don't think we're going to see a ton of buying. But if there is any buying anywhere on the market and if it jumps at all anywhere, it's going to be in a couple different areas. And some of those areas are going to be out of packs cards, like maybe some of the cards that you saw in the thumbnail of this video. Informed Venetor, Informed Tellez, some of the two most popular cards in the game. For their position, for their nationality. Tellez right now, I think it's like a 130K-ish. He's right around 130,000 coins, 125, that's actually a deal. I'm going to buy that. Never mind, it hasn't been expired. So that was actually a deal with the shadow right there. But this card is chilling around 130,000 coins. I could very easily see it being like 135, selling at 140 in the next day or so after a week and the rewards. I think that is possible. Do I think it's a guarantee? No. But I think it is possible. If there's going to stop, if stuff is going to go up this week, it's going to be these out of packs in forms that rise every week. I want to look at Venetor. I mean, this is literally a card that shoots up every week because of how hyped up he is and how much people want to use this card. So 2.99 for Venetor, center mid. Was that actually like a deal at all? Not really, not really, not too much of a deal. Position change, one K undercut. But if there's anything that rise this week, it's going to be those. But I just don't think that Thursday flipping across the board is really going to work that well for us this week. Maybe some out of packs, golds from whoever gets in the team of the week rises a little bit. But I don't even want to focus on that, man. For most of you guys, what I would say is don't even touch any of these cards for Thursday flipping. Wait to see what we get on Friday or on Thursday at 6 p.m. UK for content in terms of maybe some pack supply. Maybe a loading screen for Black Friday. Maybe some information on Black Friday or something like that. So I do assume that we'll get some sort of SBC on Thursday because it's Thanksgiving in the United States, which is a holiday. And I do think that we will get some sort of we. I think we got like a Thanksgiving SBC before, like I believe so. I didn't do any research on that. I'm not entirely sure. But I think we've gotten some sort of like Thanksgiving SBC in the past. Not sure if that's true or not. But it's I feel like I've done one that was like Thanksgiving. So I think we'll get some sort of SBC on Thursday and hopefully some information about Black Friday. Now, the one thing that everybody is doing, people are still doing these right now in this game, the base icon packs. If you want to trade with anything other than those informs and you want to look at any other area of the market after rewards, I would tell you to look at some of these high rated gold cards because technically for a lot of these cards right now, they're kind of low today as you're maybe watching this video. We had a pack supply SBC on Tuesday of Champions League. Maybe we get another one on on Wednesday today. So that's a possibility for an increase in price on some of these cards. After rewards, you could see somebody like a Casamiro or I think I just got him for like 25 and he sells for like 28. Listen for twenty, twenty eight thousand, get a couple thousand coins right there, Gigi, but people are still doing a lot of these SBCs. Like, I mean, if you look at some of the price of these cards, they fluctuate a ton. Whoever gets into the solutions fluctuates a lot. And since these cards dropped a ton today, that shows me that there is potential for these cards to be traded with and to be invested in during the rewards period. Because look at what we see over here on foot. And I'm going to take you guys over to foot and show you a graph right now of the index, the index eighty five. I'm going to show you the index eighty five graph on foot. Then this is what happened. They we got the pack supply SBC today, six p.m. U.K. A lot of these eighty five's got low and they're actually still low. But what we see a lot of times with these cards is when they get supplied, you know, maybe Casamiro, like we're looking at Casamira now in foot and it shows him at twenty seven thousand coins at the moment. I just bought one for twenty five. Casamira was thirty K at his peak when you look at the fluctuation graphs, daily graphs on foot and he hit thirty K at one point. It just depends on who gets in the solutions. And these guys will all get in the solution at some point because they're they're good links, they're good nationalities and they're going to get that rating. So people are still doing still doing the icon, the base icon upgrades. That means you can trade with the fluctuations on these cards based on how they get in the solutions. Just look at graphs and they're going to get supplied on Thursday. So if that's something you want to buy at rewards on Thursday, you could look into some of the eighty four's, eighty five's, eighty six's and eighty seven's because people are going to get their week and league rewards and they might go out and do an SBC. Somebody who's got maybe two hundred, three hundred thousand coins gets their week and league rewards. They get another couple hundred thousand. They have some untradables in the club or maybe somebody from five hundred K just needs that extra push to get them to that base icon pack that they've been trying to get. And some of the people doing rewards this week might be just waiting for that last push to get them that enough coins to do the base icon pack. So that's one thing I wanted to mention to you guys as well. Look out on some of the snipes and some of the bids on some of the SBC fodder cards. I would say if you're looking to buy during rewards, look at the eighty fives and eighty sixes, especially because those are going to get packed less than the eighty four's and eighty threes would and they're still going to be needed for SBC. So maybe check out the eighty fives and eighty sixes during rewards for some SBC fodder flips, get on the bids after rewards as well. If that's something that you're interested in. If you want to do at all any sort of Thursday flipping this week. Now, I want to focus on Black Friday a little bit more and kind of talk about some of the ways that you guys might be able to invest your coins on Black Friday. We're going to have a couple other videos on this, like Black Friday investments. But I wanted to kind of start this one off today with some Black Friday investments based on out of packs special cards. And we're going to go take a look at a couple examples over here and flip in right now at the moment, as I set up the price graphs based on some of the cards that got into best of team of the week and some cards that did not get into best of team of the week. They were out of packs in forms that were very, very desirable on this game. So last year, Black Friday, these cards were put back into packs. I'm looking specifically at Alexandra right now. Very used left back. It was the best left back in the game. You've a last year had a lot of hype, especially with Ronaldo being there. Ronaldo had the right side link to Cancelo once you got the cards. But people still put like Ronaldo at center mid or they somehow would link Alexandra to maybe like a Maitreya or some other card in the game. Alexandra was a very popular left back just because he's Brazilian as well. And this card was put back into packs during Black Friday. You can see right here is price drop. So this card went from 263K down to under 200,000 coins on Sunday, 192,000 coins. And it rose right back up as it went out of packs. These cards, the best of team of the week last year, were only in packs for four days from Friday to Monday. They were only in packs for a short amount of time. You can see that he hit his lowest on Sunday. We can like sell off time and he rebounded right back up as a very popular and a very meta card in this game out of packs in forms. I technically classify this as an out of packs in form because he is out of packs, but he got put back in to best of. So I still count him as out of packs. These are the types of cards that you could make really good quick flips with on Black Friday in a couple different time zones, a couple different time areas. First of all, this card was super duper viable right away when the packs were dropped. What you don't see on foot bin is what happened on Friday. It shows us Friday prices 235. What actually happened was his price went down almost under 200K. From being 263, his price almost went under 200K right away in the first hour or two from everybody panic selling and packing this card. It was as it was in packs. And right after that, his price rose back up to back over like 220, 230,000 coins and just over 200K. I think it was actually like 220, 220 because people needed to buy those cards back or they thought it was just way too low or they needed them for week in week and he was much more available and still very sought after and used. So he dipped really low right away and then came right back up. That's the first time zone for the cards this year that get into best of team of the week, basically these cards from last year, but this year's addition, even if it's screen cards and road to the finals, depending on how hyped the card is and how used it is in FIFA, those are going to be the cards that you might be able to pick up a quick flip on. Now, you're only going to want to do this with an Alexandra. If you have probably over a million coins or at least like 800, 900K, because you could buy a couple of them and then flip them in a couple hour period again, that first window that I'm just talking about is when the cards come into packs, basically the first two hours of lightning rounds, they're going to go down, they're going to get packed, they're going to get panic sold. Then they're going to rise back up in the three to four hour window after that, as people go and buy their week and league teams and snatch up all those cards that they've been waiting to buy for their teams during Black Friday. So that's the first time frame where you can invest in these cards. And then again, you can see that the second to last day he was in packs Sunday, he reached an average price of 192 during the day. And then he rose quickly out of packs after that. The week in league sell off after Black Friday is a fantastic time to actually go in on cards. You're going to think it's crazy because some of the cards that you're buying, maybe it's an icon that went from one million before Black Friday. And he's up to like 1.2 over the weekend back down to 1.1. Still buying at that 1.1 price after Black Friday. If it's a desirable, usable icon, he might go to 1.3 that next weekend.  And they just go up even higher. And a good example right here is with Van Dyke. Van Dyke was at a low price. He dropped from 340 to 262 on the actual day of Black Friday. He was not re-released in packs, by the way. He was not a part of this re-releasing team of weak cards and packs. He was just panic sold, 262,000 coins. Saturday he goes to 285 and then Sunday sell off. He's back down under 280, 278 average price. If you bought, then you would have been in the money big time. Two weeks later, actually this the week later, the next weekend, 327 on Friday, as his card price went up a bunch. Because of because people wanted to use this card, very popular, very meta and one of the best cards in the game. So we're talking this year, basically the same informs that I'm looking at that could rise possibly a little bit this week for weekend league rewards are some of the most desired cards in the game in terms of inform wise. I'm looking at Tima Werner. Obviously this card with an average SBC you saw him move a lot in price. He's like 210,000 coins right now, 207. That is pretty low for this card. I mean, after weekend league next week, you might see him like this coming Sunday after Black Friday, you might see him at like 215, 220,000 coins after on Saturday, he was like 240 or 250. But if he doesn't get into the best of team of the week, this would be a type of card that you can invest in as an out of pack special card. That would be fantastic as a riser as he's popular. He's used in a lot of teams and stuff like that. So I want to right now actually go through a few FIFA 20 cards that I think would be good to look out for and kind of look at criteria for what types of cards you might want to invest in as a Black Friday investment either in the panic selling on Friday morning before the promo or like when the promo comes out and there's panic selling because of everything that's going on. And then you sell later Friday night or buying on Sunday. Like a two windows will be talked about a little bit earlier in the video. So let's look at this team of the week right here. Team of the week nine. Of course, it depends on who gets into best of team of the week and who doesn't. I think Lewandowski would be in Messi should be in. Tell us could be in nine goal and could be in Robertson could be in. But all of those guys that I just mentioned would be perfect guys to buy in a panic sell before, especially nine goal and his informs are always super rare. And he if you're using a center mid in Syria, he is definitely up there. Or CDM really great card in this game. Tell us is one of the most sought after cards again on this game. Robertson best left back, one of the best left backs in the Prem. Even Ricardo Pereira as a budget right back in form. That's the kind of card you could see boom after Black Friday. Kyle Walker would be a good one. Timo Werner again, as I mentioned, honestly, delict as well. I'm surprised to see this card price go up. His price go up so much. I honestly think it's a dynamic image, but this could be a car that you see dip back down to like 30,000 coins in some panic selling. That would be a great card. I think that would go back up during Black Friday, a good investment. Again, you're going to look for meta. You're going to look for good links and you're going to kind of think about what kind of teams are people building in this game. Fabinho is huge on my list. If you look at some of the most popular used players in the game, you get a PGP, PGP player performance, player game performance. If we saw by the most games played on FIFA Ultimate Team, Fabinho's gold card is almost three million games played. The number four used card on FIFA Ultimate Team. A lot of people are going to want to upgrade to this informed Fabinho with the dynamic image and with the boosted stats during Black Friday when they open packs and get coins in their club. From doing that, this is a card that I could see booming after Black Friday over like 210, 220,000 coins. I don't think is anywhere out of question at all. As one of the most popular, one of the most linkable and one of the best CDMs in the Premier League, aside from Conte. This is kind of your guide from the Prem, in my opinion. That's what a lot of people use. So that's that card is very high on my list. Scream cards as well, I think are a great shout. Again, look at the guys that are very hyped, very popular. Fermino, Gamero would be decent. Insignia would be good. Adama Treo would be pretty good. And then from the first set of Scream cards, Odomendi for sure. Bernard, absolutely. Romagnoli, yes, I think. Dele Alli would be a solid one as well. Just make sure you focus on those meta, very usable and sought after cards as well. And remember, which team of the weeks are rare? Of course, some of these team of the weeks, we had a lot of pack supply during promos or when they were just... There was a time earlier on in this FIFA where EA was dropping pack supply SBCs all the frickin' time. And this Wynaldum was not supplied very much, except for one pack supply SBC at the very end. And as you can tell, he went to 144 and then he went to 172. Almost to 180 one weekend. Two weekends out of packs. He's back now down to 140. I could see this card being at 160, 170 again in a couple weeks after Black Friday. So that's a good one. Dignay is a solid one. I like some of these later team of the weeks just because of the rarity that some of them have. Ducore as well. I mean, a lot of these guys didn't get supplied. These guys got supplied by the Bundesliga League SBC that right away, these cards were very cheap first day. But they're still pretty rare. Ben Yonder's in form is pretty rare. Ducore is a good one. Nangolins, a solid one, very rare card. So some of these team of the week cards that I've been mentioning, there's a lot of good ones out there that they're gonna rise out of packs or they're gonna rise after Black Friday. Of course, they're already out of packs. If they get impacts for best of team of the week, we'll just have to see how long they're gonna be in packs and how meta and how usable and how often they're gonna fit into people's teams in this game before we kind of decide and say, hey, this might be a good out of pack or best of team of the week investment depending on which cards get in. Hopefully they tell us what's getting in sooner rather than later. I wanna see which cards are getting in if they're gonna include screams, if they're gonna include row to the finals, that would make the market go crazy. And that would be fun, I think. Some people would lose coins, some people would make a lot. I hope that we as a community, you guys that watch these videos would be able to make a lot from videos or from cards and from stuff like that that EA does put out. I'll be here talking about all that stuff here this weekend as we get the actual information coming out to us in FIFA. Again, Thursday flipping this week, I'm skeptical. I'm skeptical, I'm very, very skeptical. I would say stay on the safe side. I would not really invest for it. If you wanna mess with some stuff, maybe mess with some of these SBC fodders because people are continually doing the icon, base icon upgrade SBC because it is juiced. I mean, a lot of people are getting good polls from that SBC and that's why people keep doing it. That's why there's still continuous high amounts of demand for that SBC. And then again, start to kind of wrap your mind around which informs you might wanna focus on for some Black Friday buying. Like, you know, what I talked about, Werner Robertson, we look through all those team of the weeks. Go take a look through team of the weeks yourself and think about what cards you honestly, a good way to measure what cards are meta is think about what cards you come up against in Weekend League. You figure out what kind of cards you come up against in Weekend League.  Those are also the people you wanna buy because they're good in game. That's kind of how it works. As we pick up another sale, Deli Alley for 227. I bought that at 205,000 coins. That is some cheeky profit. We will take it. GG. G frickin G. If you enjoyed this video today, boys, smash your thumbs up on it. If you have any questions down below, drop them down there. I'll get you guys some answers to those questions. And of course, subscribe to the channel if you are new. It's been Nate, The Foot Accountant. Catch you guys later. Peace out.


Russians claim to have destroyed all Leopard tanks supplied to Kiev by Poland and Portugal. The number of Ukrainian Leopard 2 battle tanks destroyed by Russian forces is comparable to the entire supply from Poland and Portugal. Russian Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu has reported. Shoigu said that Ukraine has lost 16 Leopard vehicles, which he added practically amounts to 100% of the tanks of this type supplied by Poland and Portugal. Warsaw earlier pledged 14 Leopard 2A4s to Ukraine with the first deliveries reported in March. Portugal sent three Leopard 2A6 tanks via Germany the same month. In a similar update on June 22, senior Russian officials said Ukraine had lost 13 Leopard tanks. The tanks were taken out since June 4. In the southern part of the frontline, along with 15 planes, three military helicopters and over 900 armored vehicles, Shoigu claimed during a ministerial meeting. The date is considered by Russia to be the start of Kiev's counter-offensive in which Western tanks were expected to give Ukrainian troops an edge. According to the Russian minister, overall, the enemy failed to reach its objectives on any direction, which proves the mastery of Russian soldiers and, obviously, inflated expectations put on the much-praised Western weapons. He further claimed that Ukraine's foreign backers were pressuring Kiev to continue assaults on Russian positions. The Wall Street Journal reported last week that after their failure to break through Russian defence lines, the Ukrainian forces had been keeping Western weapons away from the frontline and ceased major attacks.