You see trucks on nearly all road maintenance jobs, hauling tons of aggregate or as faulty mixtures, towing rollers, pots, crack sealers, air compressors, carrying weed spraying equipment, traffic control devices, sanders, and plowing snow, all to keep our highways in good condition. The department has all kinds of trucks, from the single axle maintainers and dump trucks to the tandem axle dump trucks, oil distributors, and transports. Because trucks are so important to our highway maintenance force, you need to know what you, the operator, can do to keep your truck in top working condition. And you need to know how to operate your truck properly and safely. This video program is the first of five dealing with dump truck operation and maintenance. It deals with the daily check you should make on your truck, as well as with the startup and shutdown procedures you should follow. The other programs cover basic operation, shifting, driving, dumping, and tailgate spreading, as well as working with pups, pavers, and other equipment. The final program in the series covers the PMA. Because our trucks are made by different manufacturers, you should become familiar with the operator's manual for your unit. Also get to know the requirements of the department's equipment preventive maintenance manual. In addition, the training requirements manual for both gasoline and diesel engines contains a lot of helpful information on vehicle maintenance and operation. So to begin, the daily check. To make sure your truck is in good condition before you operate it each day, perform the inspections included in the daily check before you leave the yard. The daily check consists of under the hood or engine inspections, in cab checks when you start the engine, and the walk around inspection. It should also include a dump bed check if you're going to use the dump bed during the day. So start under the hood, in the engine compartment, check the engine oil every day. Keep the level between the full and add marks on the dipstick. And note the condition of the oil, especially if the level is higher today than it was yesterday. If it is discolored, gritty, or smells of fuel, don't start the engine until you figured out the problem and corrected it. Then visually check the fuel filter and fuel lines for leaks. Now observe the coolant level in the coolant reservoir, or in the radiator if your truck doesn't have a reservoir. Keep it at the level recommended by the manufacturer. Some radiators have a sight glass on the side. If you can see coolant in the glass, you've got enough. On trucks with older cooling systems, check the radiator cap. If the gasket is worn, get a new one. But for trucks with the new systems, don't open the cap too often. The system will lose pressure. Inspect the radiator and hoses for leaks. Next, check the fan belts. If they're too loose, tighten them. If they're worn or cracked, replace them. Whatever needs doing, do it now. No sense risking a breakdown out on the road. Check the level of the power steering fluid, and inspect the hoses and connections while you're at it. Finally, if your truck's battery is in the engine compartment, take a look at it now. Check the water level in each cell. Be sure the terminals are clean, and check the tightness and condition of the clamps and cables. If the battery is on the side of the truck or behind the cab, check it later when you do the walk around inspection. But before that, you need to get in the cab, start the engine, and do the in-cab checks. Now I'll interrupt the daily check for a moment to explain the basic startup procedure. First, make sure the parking brake is set, and the transmission is in neutral. Then depress the clutch pedal, turn the key, and press the starter button. The engine should start right up. If the engine doesn't start right away, keep pressing the starter button until it does, but not for more than 30 seconds continuously. If the engine doesn't start within 30 seconds, release the button and wait one to two minutes before trying again. Continued cranking will just wear down the battery and may damage the starter. Once the engine starts, let it idle to warm up. Never rev a cold engine. The warm up period is important for several reasons. First, it allows time for oil pressure to build up, producing an oil film on internal engine parts and lubricating turbocharger bearings. You should get an oil pressure reading right away. So check the gauge. If it shows zero or low pressure, shut down the engine. You've got a major problem. The warm up also allows the pistons to expand to fit the cylinders. It allows the coolant temperature to increase, and it provides time for air pressure to build up in the braking system. A warning light and buzzer will stay on until the pressure reaches 60 pounds.  So check the tires every day. Use a gauge if you think they've got low pressure. Under inflated tires wear out quickly and make the truck harder to control. Also check for loose or broken lug nuts and for deep cuts or unusual wear on the tread or sidewalls. Look under the truck. Any sign of leaks, fuel, oil, or water? If so, find the source of the leakage and get it taken care of. Walk all the way around the truck, checking the tires, looking for leaks, noting anything broken or missing. Take care of any problems now. If you'll be using the dump bed during the day, now's a good time to check if too. If you're going to get under it, block it with the safety props or a sturdy block of wood so it can't come down on you. Check for damage and hydraulic leaks around the hydraulic ram and lines. Be sure too that the bed is empty and clean. Then get back in the cab and finish your in-cab checks. Look at the gauges. Oil truck's been warming up for a few minutes, so all the readings should be up. You can start out as soon as you get a reading from the temperature gauge, but move slowly and avoid hard pulls until the engine reaches normal operating temperature about 180 or 190 degrees. The oil pressure should be about 60 pounds per square inch. The air pressure gauges should be above 60 psi before you move the truck. Don't drive it until the warning light and buzzer go off. To be safe, however, wait until the air pressures between 90 and 120 before you take the truck out on the road. Check the amp meter to make sure the battery is charging and the bolt meter to note the condition of the battery. Also check the air filter restriction indicator. It'll let you know when you should clean or replace the air filter. Finally, check your fuel gauge. The last thing you want to happen is to run out of fuel on your way to the work area. Now just a few things left before heading out, but important ones. Keep your windshield clean as well as the windows and mirrors. Use the mirrors if necessary. Now check your lights, headlights, running lights, turn signals, strobe. Check them in back too, but you'll need help to check the backup lights and brake lights. If a light isn't working, it may be a loose wire or a burned out bolt, but whatever it is, you need your lights. Find the problem and fix it now. Check the free play in the clutch pedal. You should be able to depress it at least an inch and a half before the clutch starts to disengage. Finally, fasten your seat belt. Nothing adds more to your safety than the few seconds it takes to buckle up. Then off you go, confident that your truck is in good shape and ready for a day's work. Once you make these checks and procedures part of your daily routine, they'll go quickly. Of course, checking your equipment never really stops. Even when you're out on the road, you need to watch, listen and feel for problems. I'll say more about this in later parts of the course as I talk about operation. Before I finish this program, however, I want to cover shutdown. Obviously, there's more to shutting down than just parking and shutting off the engine. If you're not parking in the shed, be sure to park on fairly level ground. Put the transmission in neutral and set the parking brake. Pretty obvious steps, right? But I'll give you a reason that's not so obvious. If a diesel truck is parked in gear and it begins to roll, the engine could start by heat of compression. So transmission in neutral, parking brake set and a level parking spot if possible. If you have to park on a grade, block the wheels or turn them toward the curb. Now engines should idle from three to five minutes to cool down gradually. The idling allows the lubricating oil and water to carry heat away from the iron masses of the engine block. While the engine cools, clean up the cab. It's easy enough for the cab to get cluttered during the day, but don't let that be an excuse for leaving it that way. Whether you or someone else will be operating it tomorrow, straighten up the operator's area today. Then get out and do a quick walk-around inspection. Just a general look for obvious damage. Finding any now will allow you to get it corrected that much sooner. It's a good idea to fill the fuel tank at the end of the day. You save the time it would take you to refuel in the morning and you prevent water from condensing in the tank overnight. Just be sure to go through the cool down period first.  So once the engine has cooled enough and the truck's parked where you want it, shut down the engine. It's a good idea to check the power steering fluid while the engine's still warm. But never overfill it or any other fluid. That's usually as bad as not having enough. And finally, every other day or so, bleed the air tanks. Using them will get rid of any moisture built up in the system. So that covers the daily check and start up and shutdown procedures on single and tandem axle dump trucks. Checking and servicing your truck each day, starting it up properly and following the correct shutdown procedure will help make the equipment safe to operate and keep it running smoothly. This is part two in our series of programs on dump trucks. In part one, I covered the daily check, start up and shutdown, the procedures that apply to both single and tandem axle dump trucks. Now I want to concentrate on the single axle dump trucks, often called bobtails. I'll cover shifting, general driving, braking, turning, backing, loading, dumping and spreading. So to begin, shifting. Our single axle dump trucks have five speed manual transmissions with two speed rear axles. Always read the operator's manual for your truck to get familiar with shifting and clutching procedures. The shift pattern is shown in the manual. It's also etched on the gear shift knob or shown on a decal on the sun visor. Study the pattern until you've got it firmly in mind. If you're new to truck driving, you'll need to practice going through the shift pattern and using the clutch and accelerator before you can do it smoothly. Even if you have some experience in driving trucks, there may be room for improvement. Proper shifting is hard on the truck's transmission, no matter who's behind the wheel. Here's a demonstration of proper shifting with the engine off. Start out in either first or second gear, a gear low enough to avoid slipping the clutch. Double clutch when you shift gears. In other words, use two clutch movements for each gear change. To shift the two speed axle into high range, lift up the switch on the gear shift. In effect, you split fourth gear by shifting from low to high range. By using the two speed axle as a splitter, ten different gear speeds or combinations are available to you. With experience, you'll learn how to use them according to different situations and conditions. For now, the important points about two speed axles are these. Please start and park the truck with the rear axle in low range. Never shift axle speeds while moving in reverse. Stop the truck first, then shift. Always keep some pressure on the accelerator. Whenever you move the two speed control switch, whether up or down, until you're ready for the two speed to shift. And as you move the control switch, depress and release the clutch pedal to allow the axle to shift. Here's what I mean for these last two points. Watch closely. While keeping pressure on the accelerator, the operator moves the control switch to high. Then he releases the accelerator, depresses the clutch pedal, releases the clutch pedal as the axle shifts and accelerates smoothly at the same time. Now that was upshifting the two speed axle. To review, press on the accelerator, move the control switch to high, release the accelerator, depress the clutch pedal and release it as the axle shifts and accelerate smoothly. The same steps apply to downshifting as well. Now, when you drive, there are two speeds to keep an eye on. The road speed and the engine speed. For proper shifting, you have to synchronize the engine speed to the road speed as closely as possible. So watch both the speedometer and the tachometer and listen to the engine. Don't run it too fast or too slow for the gear you're using. After you have the shift points for your truck memorized, mark them prominently inside the cab. Both over-speeding the engine and lugging it are damaging. Avoid them. And as a rule, don't run the engine up to governed speed in the lower gears. You'll just waste fuel and make extra noise. Keep the RPMs down to the actual power required by the engine to get the truck rolling. And as you upshift, increase the road speed in each gear with a progressive increase in engine speed. Finally, two more points. First, never coast in neutral while you're driving. That lessens your overall control of the truck. Second, don't ride the clutch. Resting your foot on the clutch pedal while you're driving will wear out the clutch and possibly damage the engine or transmission. As I said earlier, it'll take practice to shift smoothly, and it will take further study and experience to know what to do in various situations and conditions. Your instructor and the department's training manuals will give specific examples, explain more of the fine points, and answer your questions. Now I want to cover some points about general driving. You know, the public probably judges us more on how we drive our trucks than on how we operate all other types of equipment put together. We've got so many units out there on the road that if we don't drive courteously and safely, our mistakes will catch up with us fast. I'm not talking about anything you haven't heard before. No matter what you drive, from a subcompact to an 18-wheeler, you should know and follow the rules of the road. But we all tend to overlook them at times, to relax or get in too much of a hurry to obey them in certain situations. So basically, develop good driving habits and follow them consistently. Use your mirrors. Know what's behind you as well as what's up ahead. Steer with both hands on the wheel, except when you're shifting or using the radio, of course. You'll get in some spots where sloppy steering would be disastrous. Stay within the lane lines and signal when you change lanes. Observe speed limits and remember, they're just that, limits. Go slower than the posted speed when road conditions, traffic or your load require it. For example, when you tow another piece of equipment, keep your speed down, regardless of the legal limit. In addition to checking your speedometer occasionally, look at the other gauges as well. Fuel, pressure, temperature, air restriction indicator, and the others. Watch for warnings of trouble before the trouble gets serious. Obey signs, signals, and lane markings. Taking a state dump truck on official business doesn't exempt you from doing so. Take your turn at intersections. Remember that public image you're trying not to turn it. Avoid tailgating. Keeping a good safety cushion between you and the vehicle ahead will prevent rear-end collisions. And finally, use all your skills and good judgment when you drive in bad weather. Rain, ice, snow, and wind make all the preceding concerns even more important. Alright, braking. Our trucks carry a lot of weight, and once they get rolling, it takes a lot of force to slow them down. So first of all, as I said a minute ago, drive at a safe speed. Anticipate situations in which you'll have to slow down or stop. Then applying the brakes sooner than you would in a smaller, lighter vehicle. As you slow down, watch the tachometer and downshift to let the truck's engine assist the brakes. For downhill driving, apply the brakes to reduce speed, and then shift to a lower gear before you start down the grade. Changing gears after you're on the hill is risky. And keep the truck in gear. That enables you to maintain steering control. On steep hills, never use your brakes alone. If the road is slippery and the truck begins to slide with the brakes set, you'll lose control because you can't steer with the wheels locked. So to review braking, drive at a safe speed to begin with. Anticipate the need to slow down or stop. Begin applying the brakes sooner than with a lighter vehicle. Downshift properly to let the truck's engine help the foot brakes. And for downgrades, slow down, shift to a lower gear, and stay in gear as you go downhill. Now turning the dump truck. Because of the size of the bobtail and the weight it will often be carrying, you'll need to be careful when you make turns. Always signal well in advance, and slow down to a safe turning speed or come to a full stop as the situation requires. Stay within the proper lane while you turn. Avoid drifting into a neighboring lane, and definitely don't cross over the center line. For right turns, be especially careful not to run over curves or into sides. That's sloppy driving, and it's usually unnecessary. On curves, especially on tight ones, slow down before you enter the curve. Slow down and go into the curve under power to have better control of the truck. Here it's not like driving a car. With a truck, you need to keep your RPMs and road speed up, and keep your truck in motion. Too much slowing and braking are inefficient. They waste time and fuel. So to review turning, signal well in advance.  On curves, not only slow down in advance, but downshift as well. Go in under power and keep both your engine and road speeds up. Next, backing the bobtail. Backing up is the most accident prone driving maneuver. The design of the truck restricts your vision to what you can see in your mirrors. But it's what you can't see that causes the problems. There are hidden areas behind the truck. Blind spots down low, directly behind and to the right rear. These blind spots are large enough to hide fixed objects, equipment, or personnel from your view. So if you're stopped in one place for more than a few minutes, or if you have any doubts about what's behind your truck, get out of the cab and look to make sure the way is clear. Pick out some reference points that you can back toward and keep them in view in your mirrors as you back up. Better yet, use someone to spot for you. Follow his directions to back up safely. And in any case, always use your mirrors. Don't lean out of the cab or you'll lose control of the truck. Back at a safe, slow speed so you'll be able to stop quickly if you have to. And be prepared to set the parking brake. Get out of the cab and take another look behind you, just to make sure the way remains clear. So, to quickly review backing, first check behind the truck. Use reference points or a spotter to guide you. Use your mirrors. Don't lean out of the cab and back up at a safe, slow speed. Now a few points about loading your bobtail. Park close to the material and the loader to minimize the loader's travel distance. Park at about a 45-degree angle to the face of the stockpile. This way the loader can follow a V-shaped path to travel less distance and do less turning to load your truck. And that means less fuel burned and faster loading times. On many jobs, this really makes a difference in production rates. Now sometimes you'll load your own truck. But whoever loads your truck, don't allow it to be overloaded. You, the operator, are responsible for observing weight limits.  Now, for dumping. Always position your truck so that it's as level as possible when you dump. And be sure you've got enough overhead clearance before you raise the bed. On the bobtail, the dump bed is operated by using the power takeoff, or PTO. The hoist lever and the tailgate trip lever. To dump a load, first put the transmission in neutral and apply the brake. Then depress the clutch and engage the PTO. Move the hoist control, speed up the engine and pull the tailgate trip lever. Speed the engine just enough to raise the bed smoothly. After you've dumped the load, drive ahead a few feet to clear the pile and start bringing the bed down. Some caution here. With the bed up, sudden, jerky movements may damage the hydraulic ramp. So pull away slowly and smoothly. To lower the bed, move the hoist lever, depress the clutch, put the transmission in neutral, and disengage the PTO. Then set the parking brake, get out, and relatch the tailgate. If there's any loose material on the truck, brush it off. OK, spreading is similar to dumping, with a few added steps. First, you regulate the flow of material from the bed by adjusting the tailgate spreader change to control the size of the tailgate opening. Then you position your truck ahead of the spread area. Start raising the bed, drive forward, and trip the tailgate latch. Continue raising the bed smoothly. You want the material to spread evenly behind the truck.  Now here's the procedure again in more detail. Be sure the tailgate spreader chains are adjusted for the flow of material you want. With the truck in position, engage the PTO. Put the transmission in gear, move the hoist control to start raising the bed. Drive forward and pause the hoist control in neutral. While you trip the tailgate, then raise the bed a little at a time to keep the material from spilling over the top of the tailgate. Watch the results in your mirror. And when the load is completely spread, let the bed down. Stop the truck, put the transmission in neutral, and disengage the PTO. Then relatch the tailgate.  And that's it for operating single axle dump trucks and for part two of our series. In part three, I'll cover many of the same points as they apply to tandem axle dump trucks.


So, yeah, welcome. For those who don't know me, my name is Beth Lorimer and the ecological justice program coordinator at Kairos Canada, and I'll be the host and facilitator of tonight's discussion. I thank you all for being here for taking the time out of your busy schedules to be in community on this conversation. And for those who are going to share, thank you for preparing some reflections to share with the group tonight. I'm going to begin with a land acknowledgement and this land acknowledgement. I give credit and gratitude to my colleague Connor Sarazan who wrote it. And I'll show that now. I would like to acknowledge that we are meeting today on the traditional territories of the indigenous people across Turtle Island. We thank them for allowing us to meet and learn together on their territories. To the original caretakers of this land on which we stand. We acknowledge the land of the Huron-Wendat, Seneca, Petun and the Mississaugas of the Credit Indigenous Peoples where I am right now. To all that was here for thousands of years before us across Turtle Island, we honor the struggles and the lives of those who gave themselves for it. For those here today we acknowledge the ancestors beneath our feet, we acknowledge the land. Our ears to the ground we can hear them, the Cree, the Métis, the Dene, the Soto and Anishinaabe, the Dakota and Lakota nations, the Inuit, the Blackfoot, the Inu and all nations that came before us and those yet to come. An infinity of footsteps of those who wrong called this land home, the unfolding of bundles, the undoing of colonization, and the opening of this land to allow treaty to come alive. We affirm our relationship to each other and to the land. We acknowledge and pay respects to the indigenous nations and ancestors of this land. And I thought to start us off, this is a nice small group and I may get in a moment. Well, I think I will leave the introductions in the chat and that way when people, maybe when people speak up later, they can just say who they are as they speak. But I thought just as a time of kind of community and bringing us together and maybe shedding whatever we were doing today, kind of leaving that and entering this room together that we could start with a brief meditation. And I'm bringing this meditation to you. It's part of a new resource, contemplative resource that was developed by for the love of creation. Developed by a young woman called Anna Bigland Pritchard called creation care as self care. And this is an audio meditation file that she created for us but I'm going to just to just read it and share it with you with you now. And it's just a kind of brief prayerful mindfulness exercise that's inspired by the wisdom and interconnectedness of trees. And it's to bring us all into deeper awareness of our bodies, spirits and connection to one another. So I invite you to find yourself, you know, sitting with your feet. Or another body part feeling kind of connected to the ground of the form and you can close your eyes or focus on something in your room or outside your window. Imagine roots growing from your feet down through any floors of your building down into the deep ground and reaching out to connect to the precious roots of everyone else here today. We may seem to be disconnected physically, but we are in fact still together and connected in our spirits. Remember that roots send and receive nourishing nutrients. What do your roots need today. What nutrients can you offer. Feeling yourself rooted in love. I invite you to breathe in a slow, grateful sip of wonderful air. And find any pitch to resonate on. It can be the same note as mine if my voice doesn't crack. Or a different one. Just let that breath out. God be in my head and in my understanding. God be in my eyes and in my looking. God be in my mouth and in my speaking. God be in my heart and in my loving. May you fall upon us. May your healing grow with in us.  So thank you again for joining me in that brief moment of pause and for again for joining tonight. And this event is part of Kairos climate action month, which I hope you are all engaged and participating in already we're halfway through the month. So thank you to Kairos climate action month in 2019 to galvanize more awareness and action after the intergovernmental panel on climate changes 2018 reports, and other urgent UN special reports on the climate crisis, and wanting to bring a little bit more focused attention in our work to, to, to raising awareness, and it's the impacts of climate change on vulnerable communities, especially women and indigenous peoples. However, we've been sharing information on a topic related to climate change on the website with blogs, and with the goal of nurturing both personal gifts and motivating and inspiring daily practices for taking action for the climate. The month is centered on weekly themes and those weekly themes have been sharing supporting resources, videos, events, links to other partner organizations and their their reports and their resources as well. And we aim to throughout the month aim to highlight the work of Kairos member churches, future stories from our global partners, and showcase communities that are taking concrete steps to address the climate crisis. The reason for this gathering tonight is to do just that that last part to showcase local work that people in the Kairos network are taking to address climate change to to learn from one another and to hopefully uplift each other in this work. So, tonight we're going to first hear from some speakers, some kairos friends from across the country, who will share their work in local local climate campaigns and actions. And all these actions and campaigns are varied, and it is just a reflection of the fact that responding to climate change requires all hands on deck. All manner of skills and talents and resources and interests and connections. And we all have a goal to play based on what we can bring to the table so that I think that the various campaigns will hear from are just a testament to the diversity of things we need to bring to the table to address climate change. After we hear those reflections will take a few months to if there's any specific questions for the speakers who kind of share their reflections. And I think we're small enough group that if people have questions during presentations I could probably just drop them in the chat and hopefully people respond right away. We can work on responding to your questions. And then we'll move in just to a broader discussion with everyone gathered. And I have a few questions prepared for that but I welcome you to share insights from your own work at that point and offer any questions for this broader discussion to the larger group. And this is really a time for all of us to benefit from so I encourage you to engage in whatever way you find you can can lean on this group for your own learning. So, feel free to just ask me anything in the chat throughout that throughout the presentations and you can get to those during the discussion. So, we are first going to hear from some of our kairos friends across the country. I think I am going to start in the East. I was wondering if I should just do it randomly but then I thought a bit of order might be helpful for myself so I think we're going to start with with Marion that's alright. Marion is an Anglican church minister and was coordinator on break of coordinating the the diocesan environmental network for the Anglican diocese of Nova Scotia and PI and I'll let her I'll let her introduce more on that. Thanks. Actually, I'm still doing this I'm still in the coordinators coordinators position with what we call Dan the diocesan environment network. It's morphed over the past 10 years from being. The Bishop asked for a task force or task group but I thought oh yeah a bunch of meetings and get nothing done with people who don't really want to be at the meetings and burning up also feels to get to the meetings. So anyway we formed a network instead and one of my biggest problems. It's a great one is we have so many people joining and connecting with this network that that we have a hard time keeping up we have three coordinators now it's almost 10 years old. And so we'll have a 10th anniversary in the spring, but you know when I looked at the, it's so I have taken on a full time meant interim ministry project as well just to prevent boredom. And yeah, fun from is the experience with Dan, and in order to be able to build this vibrant ministry because I believe that this is the church in the 21st century. So what the, if I basis on your questions that it, you know the first question was what actions have we been involved in in the community, and we have taken a real cast your net wide approach to this. We've been involved in everything from fracking to deforestation to gold mining to fisheries to first nations fishery by default to you name it we've done a renewable energy. So in spite of the fact that my vision at the beginning, 10 years ago had been that this would be a group that would encompass all Anglicans is turned out to be mostly Anglicans, mostly from Nova Scotia PI, but we've been able to make connections with every almost environmental group in the diocese secular environmental group as well as connecting with international groups and national groups. So that sounds like a lot of work and it was. But it's more of a less focused and more community development kind of approach that has really paid off, because not only you see I'm wearing my shirt and collar tonight for a reason. This is eight seven eight years ago when the government held a fracking consultation on fracking. I went to that meeting of 350 people in Windsor Nova Scotia and the first question I was asked and asked a number of times is, are you lost. And they couldn't believe that the church was really interested in caring about creation and I speak about the church in the broadest sense I don't just refer to Anglicans. And so all of a sudden, we've got this great reputation and we've got such an incredible reputation now within the church groups, at least in the barra times that the church is now, you know, like it's kind of, it's reduced that suspicion of the church. And it's made the church relevant for people who aren't necessarily connected with the church at all. We've developed a sense of trust I remember walking behind a couple of people at a meeting with extinction rebellion because we have a great great relationship with extinction rebellion. Walking behind two people after lunch as we were headed back to the meeting and one said to the other oh go to the Anglicans they'll do anything for you. So we've developed, what are our goals has been to not we don't pick the actions we don't pick the issues. What we do is we broadly support all of the different groups within the region and beyond, and try to find ways of supporting them and if we still have an aspiration around the environment and we want to support that. And yeah you're right that they bring different gifts and talents and interests to the table. So we don't, we didn't just abandon Anglicans we are holding a symposium in the fall on on greeting churches, but it cut me off what I've spent my time here to I could go on for an hour.  When there's any kind of a particular action of petition, like owls head there's a part that the government is going to sell to developers for golf courses. It's a beautiful piece of land that's very much natural habitat. And so we do what we can so we have a Facebook page that they can advertise through we have any e news that we they can, they can promote the issue through we can, we work our best to get Anglicans and others who are connected to about 600 and whatever people they are to sign on to petitions to attend demonstrations to develop and and we've developed real relationship again with those environmental groups so so some of our people, a lot of our people have no connection to the church other than this, but they've connected to us, because they, like I say can trust us and they know that we'll come through. What I'm trying to think what the other questions were strategies that's basically our strategy. And yes, there has been success because all the time people are connecting with our network and so on our Facebook page we don't have to come up with posts they do it for us. And so I just get to look all day to see how many different people have posted on our Facebook page. How many different people have asked us to do various things and actions. So we're getting from the Canadian food grains bank and some of their actions, church groups to, you know, and our one of our job is teaching, providing platforms for people who are experts on their issues so that they can talk about those issues and educate them about the Thursday evening thing every Thursday evening for this is like our four season or something by zoom, and we get people from Vancouver and beyond to come to these things. Everybody's welcome. And it's the idea is we can share information. So we share information on things like green burial. And also, you know, the fisheries deforestation, whatever those those hot issues are. And where do I feel hope I feel hope and every single person I encounter who cares about this planet. It's that simple, and I'm surrounded by them. And that's a miracle and a blessing. Anything else you'd like to know. No, I mean, I think that's, that's wonderful. Thanks, Marion. I'll maybe just ask if there's any immediate questions for Marion right now. I think you ended on a really nice note, Marion. So that's great. They asked me, they asked me to be the last speaker during the Paris conference during a demonstration in Halifax, and they called because they said, you're a priest. You should be able to deliver a message. Hope we don't want people paralyzed, demoralized. We want people to leave with hope and feel energized in action. And so it really was a lesson for me and the type of ministry that the environment network involved itself in. Thank you for that larger lesson for all of us, I think, and that to those people of faith. And Janet, you had a question. Hi, Marion, and others. I'm just, I'm interested about your Thursday evening event on on zoom. And is that something that you just started over this past year and a half or had you been doing it before. Okay, so you're just doing it and I'm wondering if there's any kind of format or agenda to it, other than the teaching part like do you perform any other kind what's the, the structure for the time together. One of the big things about the environment network is our lack of structure we really try hard not to have any. And so that's why we're open to all of the diverse things that happen. And a lot of them are one of the stars of the show is the Thursday evening sessions. And so what we do is we try to make them the Nova Scotia environmental network called some coffee houses they have the same format just happened that way. But we have a guest who comes and gets the first round of speaking like I did tonight, and then it's not followed up by q&a it's followed up by a conversation, you know we try our best people slip into the whole q&a highly structured thing and that's okay if they do and that's fine. They can have they can bring a PowerPoint they can bring a video they can bring anything they want to it this is like I said we started yes we started with pandemic, like everything else we had to like immediately be able to adapt to technology because of not being able to see the world and it's been an incredible blessing for us. But yeah so we just kind of pick people to come like we have Simon chambers from action by churches together coming this Thursday to talk about the conference Ned Merle and to talk about acts involvement in this last, like who did we have last week. We had a man in the region who has written a book what really counts he's an economist who looks at economy in a very different way from the you know the capitalistic society, kind of economy. And so we and we had one who talked about blue whale poo and the importance of blue whales. So, and so we get a we try to make topics interesting engaging we have First Nations people come and talk about the wisdom of caring for creation. And, and so we vary the topics and but we try to keep it as casual as possible Janet, and everybody's welcome. And I get it sounds interesting and I gather somebody's a host though right. Yeah, Nancy Blair who also is a specialist in ecological grief and a coordinator for the environment network is generally the host and I do a very short reflection that's very faith based at the beginning, but it ties into whatever the subject to the day is. Thanks. Okay, well I think I'm going to pass it on to our next speaker to keep things rolling. And so now we're going to move westward and Brian Macintosh is going to speak next. Brian is a member of Kairos West Toronto, or Toronto West, you think is how we are supposed to. And I'll let him take it away. Great, thank you. Mary, it's great to hear that the church is turned to for a message of hope. That's fantastic. Given the relationship to me. I would like to present Kairos Toronto West, we've been a group that's been together for a long, long time. A little bit of a dwindling membership but having said that we've been rejuvenated in the last couple of years with tourists being new members, including a new chair person. We've been together for a while and so on others moved away or got frail as they move over. But we have a young dynamic chair now and she's rejuvenated the group a little bit inspired by the for the love of creation campaign and materials they wanted to do a local workshop we do. Non COVID times we've been doing two workshops a year and we get 70 or 80 people attending on a regular basis in the spring and fall, and on various topics, obviously related to Kairos work but we wanted to try to do a workshop after a bit of a hiatus during the early parts of COVID and this past spring we plan to try to do one and despite the challenges we formed a small planning group. And we have the brainstorm to try to reach out to other local environmental activists climate change activists because beyond the church we want to reach the public. And sort of a more general audience and just church folks. And so we, I got to know a little bit local transform to volunteer, who is our topical board to climate champion here in a topical this is with the city of Toronto that major major campaign that they're putting a lot of emphasis on over the next number of years. And we met him in early 2021 and with him and some others that he brought in and then some other people that I knew in our local community reform together a climate action group, which was the first of its kind and central topical so this. I'm going to tell you from here on out isn't just about Kairos Toronto West but is about this topical climate action group. We had a few meetings and formed a group that was going to work on the workshop for which Susan James was the main leader. And she's a former Kairos volunteer and staff was actually in the national office so we're gifted with her presence. We planned and delivered an educational event on zoom on June the third about 50 people attended, which was decent wasn't great. It was decent. And it was certainly well worth it with the feedback we got from the attendees. The attendees included many of our usual suspects who would come to our non over workshops and non zoom in person workshops. We gave a little bit of ground in the planning because it was a partnership with a number of other people and organizations and not just a face. We gave a little bit of ground on wanting to use some of the Kairos learning material from those three excellent for the level creation workshops and much of the material though within those workshop was still used to one degree or another. And this was the first of what we plan to be a number of workshops over time so the workshop was called transform it over and the focus was on local solutions and finding local solutions. We included sort of five parts to it a general overview on the climate crisis called challenge choice and change by Lynn Adamson, delivered by Lynn Adamson of climate fast. Some of you might know then an introduction secondly to transform to you and what the city is trying to achieve that program. This is by the champion for our word Brian McClain, the third part of green home retrofit presentation by a local energy expert who has completely converted his urban home. Bob Baches his name is working the energy sector, and has actually been a consultant to the Ontario government really knows his stuff. He converted his own home to about 15 or 20% of what the energy that he was consuming prior to the conversion. And it's all solar and so on so many many different things I can't describe the office I'm not the expert but fantastic hearing from him. And then we had a discussion on waste reduction from a local Rotarian who was also a waste management company owner called clean farms is the executive director very reason. He was using red fest as an example. Some of you might know about red fest across the country. And they generate tremendous amounts of waste over a week, a week and a period, and they reduced it by about 75% under his direction, and when they last ran it in person for three years or two years. So he talked about that and then lastly a brief presentation on art for the planet, a program of a local art center near my church by Carol Essex. We benefited for this workshop from the expertise of a local technical activist who is a staff person for lead now. Well, if you know Tim Ellis, but he's a wonderful guy. And he was our technical expert and our chair Jen heard of the Kairos Toronto West Group and myself introduced the whole workshop. And then Brian McLean of transform to kind of hosted most of the workshop included breakout rooms a Q&A and so on a close which foreshadowed the formation of an even wider.  I think there's 80 people on the list or something that's growing all the time, and a lead group of the 10 or 12 on myself included that kind of guide the work of this new group. Another thing we did just recently was the, the hosting of a leaders candidates all candidates debate on the environment that was hosted by that group. This last Friday, last Friday, and we had four of the five candidates and service don't seem to be showing up and any of the writings for candidates meetings but we didn't have that but we had the other four. And it was really, really good. And about 150 people attended that which was great. And we have a plan, as I said to continue with the, with the other workshops we want to do, kind of building one on each other and trying to gain more of an audience. Trying to establish some local momentum for local solutions. This is our emphasis. And we'll be meeting on Monday, I along with a couple of others from the total for climate action group are meeting with our two local city counselors to talk about the transform to program. And also to introduce ourselves to them and let them know that we're watching them. And that we're expecting action on the climate. So, you know, where do we gain hope I think that there's interesting that we formed this partnership, you know, hope it's been a big challenge, all of us. And we're not all that technologically adept but Tim led us through and we did a nice job with that workshop, we want to do more. But the development of partnerships I think was the key factor in the success, not only for this workshop. And it enabled us to envision working on climate change for the sustainable future, not just by a few of us, but by more and more of us in our local area. In fact, I'm missing in a total for climate action meeting tonight to be with you to give this little presentation. I think partnerships, the development of partnerships provides the kind of energy and boost that you need. When you begin to despair about any action being taken on a consistent level by our leaders. There's many, many people out there beyond the church, but we also are glad to see that the church is committed and involved. As Marion said I think that provides a kind of here in the community that maybe we wouldn't have had otherwise. And I think that those partnerships are really key to building the momentum we need, especially in a big city like Toronto to be able to lobby. For the work that we need to get done. And it helps us avoid despair obviously to connect with each other. Lastly, I just say success is hard to measure. But feedback was positive and encouragement is wonderful. And we've made lots of connections with lots of people. As I said a growing membership in this group. I Ross is alive and well and looking forward to doing more on this, just like the reaction. I know I'd happy to. That's enough. And I'd be happy to hear any comments. Great. Thank you. Thank you, Brian. And yeah, I'll take a question. I just wanted to note first, or just to send you some, some courage for your meeting with counselors. Other people on this call may not know that the two counselors he's referring to are ones that are not open to talking about climate change normally. It was a few that voted against the fossil fuel proliferation in the city of Toronto. But interestingly enough, I have a long time relationship with Stephen holiday, who's my counselor. And he's very supportive of a few other social justice things right he's a fiscal conservative, but he cares about people. Whether he cares enough to change his human on the environment remains to be seen but I'm hopeful that are knowing one another might begin to sway him when he knows that I care about this as well. We'll see. Yeah. Well, thank you for those those efforts to connect those conversations are important. Mary and did you have a question. Yeah, I was trying to decide whether or not I should ask it or just type it, but Brian, I really picked up on the art thing because then has what we call the hope and inspiration gallery of the arts. And so I'm thinking that it would be really nice to have a conversation with you one on one at some point about how we might be able to promote your artists, and perhaps we could raise you could reciprocate. But we could get a lot more exposure. And the whole idea is that if people fall in love with nature. Then they're going to care for it. Right. Right. I'd be happy to have that conversation after this. Yeah. The main person for that was a member of the local art art center who has been a longtime member there and cares deeply about the environment and became active on our group and she brought the idea for this part of the workshop is really good. I think I'll be with her and try to have a freeway. Oh, great. Sounds like a good idea. Wonderful. And that's great. I'll I'm going to keep things moving but if there's any other questions for Brian maybe just pop them in the chat and he can respond to them and we can always revisit some of those things that Brian talked about in our big discussion. So I'm going to now pass things over to Elizabeth style and john Lawson, who are with Cairo squelps Elizabeth is the local rep for Cairo squelps and and john is a united church minister and a member of Cairo squelps and I'll let them take it away. Well, I guess I could start. So we have two projects to report on, and maybe I'll start with the gas plant one because Brian just refer to it also builds on the theme of networking, which seems to be a common theme happening here. And it's just to give some context for, for, for people outside of Ontario the provincial liberals closing of all the Ontario's coal fired generation plants was completed in in 2014 and was, and maybe still is a single largest emissions reduction project in North America. And they did that liberal government also strongly encouraged renewable energy, but in 2018 the conservatives under Doug Ford were elected and immediately spent 230 million to cancel 750 provincially sponsored renewable energy projects including some that are almost completed. And they now plan an expansion of gas fired power plants, and these plans will cancel out a large part of the improvements from the coal plant closings. So the, and the severity of national natural gas emissions approaches that from coal because of production and transport admits a lot of math nothing. But then as Ontario's clean energy, their clean electricity gets dirty. It becomes much harder to reach the net zero through electrification. So that's the background. And so this undermines the ability of Ontario cities, including Guelph and all the other ones to reach their goal of net zero emissions by 2050. The group called the Ontario clean air alliance, which is an NGO that led the campaign for the coal plant closings. They work with local councillor NGO citizen allies to encourage cities council motions that urge the provincial government to phase out the gas plants by 2030. There's no alternatives. There's the, there's the cheap clean hydro from Quebec. There's, if we had a renewed push on renewable energy sources and then there's a huge potential for conservation because we waste, maybe about two thirds of the energies we consume. So over the years, Carl Scorsi has been involved with other climate actions and networks. So it's kind of built on some of the, some of the actions that that Brian and Marion of speaking about over the over the years so we were invited to meet with potential council to make sure all the points recovered at the council meeting and then an allied councillor brought forward the motion and then in my presentation to council we'd discussed how climate change undermines the city's vision of prosperity and and climate change for social justice and how the city's strategic plan includes an action to advocate for provincial regulation and federal for regulations and policies aimed at, at reducing carbon emissions. So that matches the motion. And each one of 12 delegations many were high school students and there were other NGOs involved in a climate action. And Jack Gibbons from the Ontario Clean Air Alliance told us that none of the other 10 municipalities to date, had any delegations other than him. And he also noted he code he'd never heard before so many uniformly excellent deputations to miss municipal council. So that was probably we had a sort of the strategy meeting beforehand and that probably helped us kind of spread. Make sure we covered all the bases. After a couple of hours of council discussion the motion was passed 11 to one. And since then many other municipal councils have passed similar movements including Toronto, again, most of them either unanimous or almost unanimous. So I think, as has been just has been discussed certainly the lessons involved the power of, of networking. I think another one, which maybe fits into the hope businesses is the inspiration that the youth bring. I think that really swayed swayed council, a lot. The stories and examples of hope for another source of hope I guess but that, that maybe, maybe the coal plant closings was a form of that. Anyway, I guess I'll turn it over to john for the, for other project. Maybe other folks had questions for you Liz. I don't know. Well maybe what I'll do is present as well and, and then if there's questions for both of us. I'm happy to happy to respond. But what Liz is along amazing woman who has carried the torch for Kairos in wealth for many, many years so it feels a real privilege to be working with her on some of these things and we decided that we really like some of the love of creation material that was put out. So we thought well we've got to do something with this and, and lent seemed like a great time to have a kind of lent and journey so we, we did a three, a three evening zoom of course, we had a hallway says right now, a zoom presentation on each of the three from Climate and us building a better future and concern from concern to action. And I, I was really pleased we had basically, we took some liberties with the Kairos material, but we try to adapt it so that we had a section and not just the science in both cases. So, science around, obviously that the science of climate change, but also some of the psychological issues that that are part of that and the Kairos material also made reference to that. And, and finally, you know what are some signal signals of hope as that as the final one. So those were, that was the science part but we also wanted to have a theological part so thinking of it as a lent and journey. Some of the understandings of how our understandings of God, for example, have broadened and changed to allow us to think in new ways in relationship to the climate and to the creation as a whole. So, I was really pleased with how it went and I think this was as well and she presented the science part I did the theological reflection, but we wanted to bake in each time that there was a lot of time for conversation. Not just on the details but on how people were feeling. And, and I think we did that we had around a dozen few here above and below that on our nights and that went really well. And following up on that we thought well we, we got to do some more of this. And we decided to put together a single night event so we try to collapse all this. into one session and we did that for Earth Day as well as World Environment Day. And so we probably wasn't quite as successful I think we tried to talk too much, and we didn't have the conversation that we had in the first one, but nonetheless, we're, we're, we want to see if we can spread this word a little broader and it's really inspiring from, from Brian and Marion that, you know, the partnerships and expanding that dialogue so that's a wonderful challenge for us. We're thinking about doing something on YouTube where we have this where we could package it and offer it to people. In one session, let's see a church group or whatever could just use and we'll have a little pauses so that it could be used as a resource anywhere across the country. So we're working on that now that's our next, our next step but it's inspiring to hear what others are doing as well. Oh, right, we had, we had some learnings. Sorry, I've written a few notes here and I realized I had forgotten to put these learnings in, which I think are important. We were amazed that how important of the science, getting the science to people is like, I was surprised that many people didn't have a very comprehensive view of the science. And, and Liz presented so well on that using again some slides and PowerPoint that I think were really, really effective in doing some really foundational education. The conversation time was really important people wanted to talk and, and they did talk and that was wonderful. Also, I was as a minister I was really, really pleased that people wanted to talk about their faith in relationship to climate change, and where was God and all this and again that ties into the whole part of what we've already talked about this evening. And finally, one of the learnings was that so nice we didn't have we had too long intros at the beginning of people introducing themselves and then not sort of skewed off a little bit. So it meant that we had to scramble a little bit so it was good to meet and get to know people along the way rather than at the beginning so that was just a very practical kind of learning that we that we made out of our time. But that's, that's what I have. Okay, thank you john and thank you. Yeah, both those are just really nice complimentary pieces of work that you've both been working on so thank you for sharing. Any questions. Maybe when we get this YouTube video on. We can maybe share it with this group. Yes, I don't know. Yeah, of course yeah I can I can certainly circulate that you happy to. Wonderful okay well I think we'll, we'll keep moving and we have two more speakers to hear from and then we'll open up and just to a two a broader discussion so I'm now going to pass things over to Laura Stewart, and Laura is a member of Kairos Regina and she is on the United Church of Canada climate advisory body, and I'll pass it over to you Laura. Thanks, Beth, I'm going to just pull up my notes here and pretend that I'm looking at you and I'm actually looking at my.


Hey everyone, Dr. O here. In this lesson, we're going to cover the last big fasting myth, which is that fasting makes you tired and causes brain fog. We'll talk about what could actually do that, but people are terrified of fasting because they think it's going to sap all their energy and cause this brain fog that makes it so they basically can't function. But the reason this is a myth is all about norepinephrine. So norepinephrine is noradrenaline. It's related to epinephrine or adrenaline obviously. And norepinephrine increases, I'll show you a study that showed that it doubles when you're in the facet state. So norepinephrine is actually what increases mental focus and energy. This is the reason that when people are in serious emergency situations, they talk about how time slows down.  Your brain is working in fast forward. So let's look at the study we mentioned it once before, but resting energy expenditure in short term starvation is increased as a result of an increase in serum norepinephrine. We talked about how norepinephrine actually causes your metabolic rate to go up 14% during a short term fast. But the norepinephrine levels do double. So why? Why does norepinephrine go up so much when you're in the middle of a fast? It actually goes up by increasing the amount that's being released and then how often it's being released. So why does it do this?  So think about it. If our ancestors were starving because they couldn't find something to eat, would laying down and being exhausted and having brain fog actually have helped them find food or not become food? No. If our ancestors would have just laid down and died, we wouldn't be here. The boost in norepinephrine is what caused them to have a spike in energy, a spike in metabolic rate so they could go out and find the food they needed. So it's very important to understand that norepinephrine levels actually go through the roof when you're in the middle of a fast and it's designed to keep you from having brain fog and to keep you from being tired. So let's talk about the elephant in the room though. Why do some people feel tired and have brain fog when they try fasting or any other diet?  I don't mean any offense by that. Some people argue that food addiction isn't a real addiction, but I think it's close enough if it isn't. So yes, you may feel tired and you may have brain fog if you go periods without eating when you have it in a long time. That's just because it takes time for your body to adapt. You're used to eating all of the time and maybe eating a lot of sugar and these types of things. So your body is used to these wild fluctuations in blood sugar.  So your body is used to this cycle. It takes time for your blood sugar to normalize, which is what will happen as you get used to a fast. I would say that fasting is a muscle. The more you use it, the better it functions. So your body has to get used to normalizing your blood glucose, not having these peaks and valleys, these rises and these crashes. Your body also has to get used to using fat as a fuel source. It's the same reason that when people go on ketogenic diets, it takes time to get used to it. It can take three to six weeks for your body to become completely fat adapted. So I'm not saying you have to suffer for three to six weeks when you're fasting, but I'm just saying early on, when you first start fasting or going on any diet, you probably will feel tired and have some brain fog, but it's not necessary and there's not a physiological reason for that. It's these types of things. If you can get your blood sugar normalized, your body gets used to burning fat for fuel, then you should actually experience the benefits of having this spike in norepinephrine, the benefits of more mental focus and more clarity, the benefits of an increased metabolic rate without the downsides. So I'm certainly not saying that you might not feel tired or have brain fog when you first go on any kind of diet, including a fasting protocol, but I want to explain that it is not a requirement and it is not necessary and it's not inherently anything to do with the fasting protocol. So this is why people swear by ketogenic diets and fasting because of how it enhances mental clarity. You can go back all the way to the time of Socrates when they used fasting to enhance mental clarity, not to lead to brain fog. So personal experience, I teach anatomy and physiology, microbiology, and nutrition for a living. I have an extremely mentally taxing job. I have to remember thousands of bits of information and I have to share it with students constantly on the fly. I teach all of my face-to-face classes completely fasted without any trouble because I actually find that when I'm in the classroom is the best time to be fasting because I'm too busy to think about food. And then just as another little aside, I recently gave a two-hour presentation on brain health and I didn't do this on purpose, but I actually gave a two-hour presentation on brain health tons of information there and it went really, really well, but I was five and a half days into a fast. This was actually the last extended fast that I did. I used to do some extended six-day fasts. The last one that I did, five and a half days in a fast, two-hour presentation on brain health, no notes, and I did great. So personal experience and scientific studies and all the people I've worked with show that no, fasting does not inherently make you tired or cause brain fog. So we have busted this myth as well. If you're having those kind of problems, then follow my program for how to prepare for fasts, how to ease into fasting, how to minimize these kind of problems, but it is not the fasting that's causing these issues. All right. I hope this helps. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.


The Police Service Commission, PSC, says it finds it strange that a U.S. court would order the arrest of a Nigerian living in Nigeria. The PSC on Saturday claimed it is yet to receive a formal report on the allegations against Aba Khairi, a Deputy Commissioner of Police, DCP. The PSC is the body that exercises disciplinary control and overseas recruitment at the Nigerian Police Force. The reason arrest warrant on Khairi after suspected Nigerian fraudster and Instagram celebrity Ramon Abbas, a.k.a. Harsh Papi allegedly told the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation about a deal between him and the police chief on the arrest of another suspected fraudster, Kelly Chibuzov-Ensant. The U.S. wants Khairi extradited to answer questions on the allegations. Although the Inspector General of Police, Osman Babu, has ordered an investigation into the allegations, the PSC on Saturday claimed it is yet to be formally briefed on the matter.


Despite the recent cryptocurrency market fault and the disappointment of those who invested in Bitcoin was at $20,000, there are nevertheless the lucky ones who managed to make it to the list of billionaires. Speaking of the places and the way blockchain evangelists choose to spend their leisure time, they are as unusual as their sources of income. Where major crypto billionaires chill out. John McAfee McAfee has invested in different projects with inconsistent progress, made scandalous statements about the Bitcoin price and even started offering ad space for ICO startups in his Twitter for a symbolic price of $105,000. How much money the billionaire has managed to earn jumping on the ICO bandwagon is unknown, but the other day on his Twitter appeared an attractive picture with a view from his retirement villa on the island of Dominica. Brock Pierce The most powerful hurricane, Maria, which ruined the island of enchantment Puerto Rico could not withstand the storming enthusiasm of the Block One project founder. Born in the northern state of Minnesota, the star billionaire has not accidentally chosen a warm place as a platform for his crypto utopia. Together with other adventurers, he decided to turn the capital of Puerto Rico, San Juan, into a whole state with seaports and airports by purchasing land. Richard Branson The British Philanthropist and owner of the Virgin Group Empire now has successfully joined the rags of the crypto league and for the third consecutive year he has been gathering the real geeks to party on his Necker Island. Among them are those modern-day Rockefellers, venture fund managers and even the heads of states. Last year during Branson's private blockchain summit, the Estonian ex-president Thomas Hendrick Ilves and the European Parliament member Eva Keiley took advantage of Branson's hospitality. The island became famous not only for its privacy but also for its special atmosphere. Those who visited tell that in five days connoisseurs of Bentley, Chappard, Chanel and Private Jets turned into the blockchain enthusiasts that only talk about transparency and ecosystem. Eric Finman Finman in his 19 years has a fortune estimated at 403 bitcoins, that's $2.8 million. The $1,000 given him by his grandmother to pay for college once long ago has turned into $3 million.  He lives in Hollywood, dines the best Beverly Hills restaurants and goes for rides with his brand new Lamborghini with a license plate number that has his grade point average on it, 2.1. By the way, Finman never finished high school. Mr. Smith Living like Gatsby, these words are said every time Mr. Smith talks about his success story. He was an ordinary employee at an IT company who decided to buy some bitcoins purely out of interest. At the time, the price of one coin was 25 cents and Mr. Smith's colleagues joked about his investment. As a bitcoin billionaire, he flies exclusively first class and stays in only five star hotels. He has already forgotten when he last dated home. In a refined Gatsby style manner, Smith raises a glass of champagne with the phrase I have everything I could ever dream of. I forgot what boredom is. The lifestyle of Mr. Smith and other crypto stars is a reflection of the era of new billionaires and the cherished dream of those wishing to become rich in just an instant.  In any case, in 2018 we will see new faces on Branson's Island, ICO startup ads for a million dollars and futuristic gadgets. Cointelegraph, the future of money.


Hello and welcome to the session. In this session, first we will discuss random experiments. In our day-to-day life, people perform many activities which have a fixed result no matter any number of times they are repeated. Like when we toss a coin, it may turn up a head or a tail but we are not sure which one of these results will actually be obtained. Such experiments are called random experiments. So we define an experiment is called random experiment if it satisfies the following two conditions which says it has more than one possible outcome then next one is it is not possible to predict the outcome in advance. So when these two conditions are satisfied in an experiment that experiment is called the random experiment. Like for example tossing a fair coin is a random experiment because in this case we have more than one possible outcome that is when we toss a coin we either get head or a tail and in this case we cannot predict the outcome in advance also. So tossing a fair coin is a random experiment. Next we have a possible result of a random experiment is called its outcome. Like for example in the experiment of rolling a die the outcomes would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and the set of all possible outcomes is called the sample space it is denoted by the letter s in the experiment of rolling a die the sample space s would be the set of all possible outcomes and the possible outcomes in this case is this so we have s is equal to 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 this is the sample space of the experiment of rolling a die. Then the elements of the sample space are called sample points. We can also say that each outcome of the random experiment is called the sample point like in the experiment of rolling a die these outcomes are the sample points 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Next we discuss event any subset e of a sample space s is called an event. Like in the random experiment of rolling a die this is the sample space given by s consider event of getting a prime number in this case this would be given by e equal to the set 2, 3, 5 as you can easily observe that this event e is the subset of the sample space s. Next we have occurrence of an event consider w to be the outcome of the experiment if the outcome w of the experiment is such that w belongs to the event e then we say the event e of sample space s has occurred and if in case we have the outcome w does not belong to the event e then event e of sample space s has not occurred. Next we discuss types of events. Events can be classified into various types on the basis of the elements they have. First we have the kind impossible event basically the empty set phi are the sample space s describe events this set phi that is the empty set phi is called an impossible event. Like in a throw of a die the sample space s is given by 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 if we consider event e1 be an event of getting a number less than 1 as you can clearly see that no outcome can be less than 1 so this event e1 is considered as impossible event. Next we have sure event the whole sample space is called the sure event like in the same experiment of throwing a die if we consider e2 to be an event of getting a number less than 7 as you can see each outcome is a number less than 7 so we can say that e2 is a sure event. Next is the simple event which says if an event e has only one sample point of a sample space it is called a simple event or we can also say elementary event like in an experiment of tossing two coins the sample space s would be given by h h h t h t t let's consider event to be an event of getting a tail on both the coins then even would be equal to t t so this event e1 is a simple event since it has only one sample point of the sample space s next we have compound event that is if an event has more than one sample point it is called a compound event like in the same example of tossing two coins if we take e2 to be an event of getting at least one tail then this e2 would be equal to h t h t t this event e2 is the compound event since it has more than one sample point next we discuss algebra of events first we have complementary event for every event a there corresponds another event a dash which is called complementary event to a this is also called event not a we can also say that the complementary event a dash is equal to the sample space s minus the event a clearly a dash occurs when a does not occur and a occurs when a dash does not occur so in a trial one of the two events a or a dash is sure to occur like in the experiment of tossing two coins this is the sample space s and if even is the event of getting a tail on both the coins then even is equal to pt even dash would be equal to that is the complementary event of even would be equal to s that is the sample space minus even and that is equal to h h h t th so this is the complementary event to even next we have event a or b this event a or b is given by a union b that is a union b is the event either a or b or both which could also be given by omega such that omega belongs to a or omega belongs to b next we have event a and b event a and b is given by a intersection b this could also be written as omega such that omega belongs to a and omega belongs to b next is event a but not b this is given by the set a minus b which could also be written as a intersection b complement that is this is the set of all the events which are in a but not in b next we have mutually exclusive events events a and b are set to be mutually exclusive if we have a intersection b is equal to 5 in general we say that the a and b are mutually exclusive events if they cannot occur simultaneously in that case the sets a and b are disjoint simple events of a sample space are always mutually exclusive in an experiment of throwing the dye this is the sample space consider even to be an event of getting a number less than 3 then even would be equal to 1 2 then consider e2 to be an event of getting a number more than 4 in that case e2 would be equal to 5 6 clearly even intersection e2 is equal to 5 so we say that even e2 are mutually exclusive events next we have exhaustive events if we have events even e2 and so on up to en such that we have even union e2 union e3 union so on up to union e n that is equal to union i goes from 1 to n e i is equal to the sample space s then in that case the evens even e2 and so on up to e n are called exhaustive events or we can also say that the evens even e2 and so on up to e n are set to be exhaustive if at least one of them necessarily occurs whenever the experiment is performed if we have e i intersection e j is equal to 5 when i is not equal to j and union e i i goes from 1 to n is equal to the sample space s then in that case the evens even e2 and so on up to e n are called mutually exclusive and exhaustive events in an experiment of rolling a dye this is the sample space even is the event of getting a number less than 3 e2 is the event of getting a number more than 4 consider e3 to be an event of getting number more than 2 and less than 5 then e3 would be equal to 3 4 now as you can see even intersection e2 intersection e3 is equal to 5 and even union e2 union e3 is equal to the sample space s so we say that the evens even e2 e3 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events this completes the session hope you have understood the basic concepts like what is an event different types of events and the algebra of events


We want to play a game and this game, in a test, we want to know if it's your ABC, B, E, F, D, G, for those who have children, Kokomello, know your ABCs, so we are about to know our ABCs. So the rule of the game is, if I start, I have to form a sentence with a certain letter, chitandiana E, mpa katufike Z, and don't stop the chain, if I form a sentence, the next person forms a sentence, wuki anza na, the next letter in the alphabet. So let's make when a flow. The sentences don't have to make sense, but somehow they will make sense.  Anza, slowly, slowly. So Adam and Eve were the children of God. Eh, because Wali, Wali, Wali. Abu kitu anela eh? Very big. Is there an hour to follow up on Wali, Wali, Wali. No, just pick it and let us see. From C. Can you please repeat Wali, Wali, Wali. Do you know what Wali, Wali is? Because Wali is a little wakwanza. No, when I say, kwa main, I say kwa E. Tu kwa E. Tu kwa E is a E. Tu kwa E. I say, ma, C. Can you? Yes, do you know what Wali, Wali is? E. Anything with a letter E? Even me, I don't know. For real? The information? We will look for FNF in your angu for real. H, F, Z, H. I ways. I ways. Honestly, don't know what's happening right now. J, J, J, J. Jamani, Munani, Mali is da. Koni, koni? No, M. No, J, K. J, K. It doesn't have to make sense. What's the matter? My sentence. Khamilisha sentence. Lazima, sentensi khamilisha? Manzemi niti na kwa kusema. Ki na mbunesh. What's your name? I don't know. What's your name? Ulisi. Nothing starts with Q. No, Kwanis not Q. Just say, Kwanis, Kwanini. Kwanini kei. Angali wa... Kwanis. Kwanis. Ah, Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Kwanis. Ni mese ma rights Siu menuza kwaistiyo Tata right kwaistiyo S Sashis mainim Tondole mania nea kwa T Mese mati ST Tondole Tondole hits you I am Violin donata ka play Why? Akuna ruka hand X-men was a good move Why? Ya by the way Zama za kale tu me malizi haia mania na kwa sasa I don't know if zama za kale auditi Zama nisha I feel like sa indomia nza kupata haia game I wish we could do one more round So that It's like in India It's a good one We will trust the knowledge How you remember Aya tu fanyem biyo A minute No sa aya Sashis 20 In one minute Alafu aposushu media ni Sashikheria Badai Biyo mese wa badai Aya badai utunenda api 20 20 20 Biyo mese wa badai Alafu Tuesday pala claret Any day I can't imagine I'm playing this game Jai I Jai Just imagine Every Tuesday claret ukuja Karamu zime anlaliwa 20 Tuka sherehe Laziwa Sherehe Afai kwa mdiwa Afai kwa mdiwa Asha bant Aya mbant Laki nileotu na malisha jumimu geni Manzim skwevo Na ona Ita bididrum empe apanishment Ago pa sisi Polenibas Paschon Again Mirambi za kwa mini kaleotu na miga sherehe Palekla Palekchamla Mkremadre Souls na Roomba Pale Tuesday Ameruka R.S. T. Nama bant Kupenimaji na kini Umi enlivo koni koni I am good at this game I know you are so good Vi Veril na kuona My mind is My mind is Nanda is outside Tuka vi truenda Wawa Wawa X Y X X X X Y Z Y What is Y? Zamaza kaleotu na ita Zamaza kaleotu na ita Zamaza kaleotu na ita We can agree that Nini