We are under the lights this evening as we get you set for another edition of baseball on the show ought to be a good one here between the New York Yankees and the Tampa Bay Rays the Yankees are looking to collect their eighth win in a row next Trevor Richards is the man on the mound for the fourth game of the series Dan any thoughts Hey every team needs a pitcher like this one here his numbers aren't gonna blow you away career ERA just Under four but one thing he does he takes the ball every five days Throw strikes and gives his team a chance to win every single time he goes out there He'll be fun to watch in this one here today leading off now with the plate Brett Gardner And we are set for baseball here this evening In field shifted well to the right here's the first pitch and he'll start the inning with a pitch that misses off the plate It's ball one Dan D row we take a look at the rays entering play here tonight They come in and a bit of a rough patch. They've dropped four in a row. Yeah, Maddie They want to be playing their best ball They have to find a way to win this ball game especially on a Thursday night You don't want to be headed into the weekend getting swept. Yeah One of the things you want to do D row take care of business here on this Thursday and not look forward to that weekend Friday Saturday Sunday series coming up take care of business here in Thursday's game Too far out in front that time. You can't keep it fair two and one As usual no surprise 72 degrees the game time temperature here inside Tropicana field now the 2-1 pitch On he subtracts there beautifully as this pitch is swung on and missed for the game's first down That was aggressive pitching and that I bet and I like seeing that he showed all hard stuff until the fifth and Final pitch for the strikeout when you work off your hard stuff.  None of those pitches were even close to the strike zone outside 3-0 now I Wouldn't be surprised if he had the green light here Matter of fact, I know he's got the green light here. He's looking for something set or cut and he's looking to do damage Hit the other way out toward right field Meadows is over to his right as he puts this one away to down Here's Miguel and to harm now looking to stay hot he's been a real threat at the plate the last week or so He's ready. Here's the first offering Wouldn't mind the pitcher expand in his own a little bit more and using his aggressiveness against him Inside and he falls behind the hitter now 2-0 Hey, you want to talk about being in a zone this guy's been raking lately and it all starts with his pitch selection Two great takes and he's almost daring to pitch or just go ahead and challenge Two balls and a strike to count now the two one Waves and misses for strike number two and set up behind the dish is Woody Keller As you see the rest of our umpire and crew there, you know D row Woody Keller's a good umpire But at times the consistency kind of waivers a little bit I'm not sure if you'd say he's a low ball umpire or a high ball umpire And we'll have to leave it there as this is strike three and that will retire the side One two three go to bombers Yankees nothing Tampa Bay coming up. It's Major League Baseball on the show Jay Hap gets handed the ball for the fourth and final game of the series Dan please act. What do you got? Hey in this day and age where we're all into numbers and statistics Look at this whip one point one zero or less. He has a sub one point one That's not an easy thing to do especially in today's game where we see teams scoring a lot of runs He doesn't walk very many guys and he doesn't give up that many hits either This is a real good pitcher and should be fun to watch pitch in this one He gets ahead here with the fastball strike one and as the Yankees get started here tonight guys Fortune has been smiling on them recently. They're unbeaten in their last seven games You know Maddie to season such a grind and you fight so hard day in day out and you're playing against the best players in the world So you know you're gonna lose some games coming out of spring training To get on a roll where you win seven in a row a week of everything coming together That's a special feeling into the wind up. Here comes the o2 pitch on the ground to third. He's right there Go to first is in time for the first out So the bases are empty with one man gone and up next will be the right-handed hitting Jose Martinez Ready with the first pitch here it comes High and deep to right center Gardner going back to the track, but he's not gonna get this one. It's into the gap And he's in there easily at second with a one-out double He got the pitch he wanted and he didn't miss it right there hammer job Oh Austin Meadows who watch a slider that stays inside for ball one on the 1-0 Is a fastball looked at for a strike? Swung on and missed one and two now Hey, I love that pitch right there better execution after just giving up an extra base hit Martinez leads off second with one gun in the inning Hit back up the middle. Oh, and he can't come up with it Well, you know Dero every pitcher loves that shortstop does a great job Just to knock that ball down to keep it from the outfield to keep that runner from advancing all the way to home Yeah, and as a former middle infielder Dan, we love this stuff This is what gets you jacked up trying to save runs for your pitcher give you another chance to Execute and get us out of this inning. So now to the plate puncher Renfrow as he'll get a slider up that time But he swings through it for the first strike Set here's the 0-1 and no swing apparently ball one Great job to be able to lay off that pitch right there You could tell the minute it came out of his hand his eyes lit off at the plate a 1-1 home Lifted in the center field Gardner is there makes the catch here comes the runner from third They're gonna take a 1-0 lead as the run comes across to score job there by this power hitter known for driving Does the job right there with the sack fly and brings the run home G-man Choi the next to hit is back in the starting lineup for this one after sitting out last night's game Ready with the first pitch here. It comes Taken but that catches the inside part of the plate a Runner on first with two away and it's quickly oh and two Nothing in two count and the pitch Grounded to the right. La Mayhew gets to it Throw on to Voight takes care of him and the ending is over some more of the Colorful characters here at the ballpark tonight Thursday night baseball rolls on we'll have more after this And Karlo Stanton now and he's a guy who's been absolutely terrific over the last couple of series really swinging it well In field in the overshift here now the pitch called strike at the letters 0-1 Jumped ahead with strike one there, and that's something he's gonna do a lot of in this start He doesn't have lights out stuff So it's important for him to be pitching ahead and have the hitters on their heels. Oh to delivery And right into the shift field it cleanly Pro to first will be in time and there's one gone here to start the second That's it That'll bring in Giovanni urshella couple of hits for him in four trips to the plate last night here comes the first pitch Bases are empty one man out who pulled the string and had him way out in front of ball in a strike One one home hard hit ball to second but right to the second baseman, and that's the second out The second At the plate DJ LeMay here you'll get to take his first cuts here now. Here's the pitch a ball of no strikes Hey, I hope that call doesn't throw him off his game right here He's been pitching one heck of a game, and I'd hate to see the umpire getting his head right now Bases are empty here with two men out. That's inside to an all Now and he goes the other way and he drives it out to deep right center field Solo shot to right center his first home run of the season and the Yankees have drawn even now at one apiece No surprise with that swing of the bat this guy is simply one of the best in the game right now There's not too many guys that take a beautiful hack like that in the league Point the first thing that's the change up to him drops in there for the first strike Two out nobody on Misses wide one ball in one strike Look like he was a little overgressive there throw that nasty curve ball just needs to slow his delivery down a bit Two balls in a strike to the Yankees first baseman Sometimes it can be difficult for a pitcher you're facing a guy That's not known to be a big stick in the lineup. Sometimes the toughest thing is to be aggressive and throw strikes Got him to go after a bad one there, and it evens to count it two and two Now a good pitch around the knees, but it doesn't quite catch the bottom of the zone One of the things you want to do with a starter get that pitch count up Here's another productive at bat is this count now gets to three balls and two strikes And whoa awfully close, but it's ball for according to Woody Keller That was a great battle right there He tried to get him to chase but he laid off some really tough pitches and got a walk Gotta tip the cap to the batter that time digging in now Mike Tuckman. He's two for ten in the series coming into today Ready to deliver. Here's the first pitch Runner aboard at first here with two gone in a one-one ball game Well one that fastball really got away from them there That's kind of a red flag for me that he's starting to tire or wear down a little bit The first thing that goes is location and then your mechanics. We'll see if this continues Rolled slowly down the first baseline But a foul ball one and two now that's lifted the other way out to left Renfro is there and he'll make the catch to retire the side One in the inning and it comes from a rather unlikely power source Onto the bottom of inning number two all even now at 1-1 the plate. Willi Adamas in past meetings with J Hap he's only one for ten. He's also gone down on strikes five times first pitch of the at-bat And he'll miss the target away with the fastball. It's one or no He's become known as a starting pitcher that frequently works deep into games So kind of guy you want on the staff when your team needs some rest because he tends to eat up innings all by himself Matt every team is looking for a guy like this in a day and age where we're going to the bullpens More early and more often you need at least one or two guys into the rotation That have the chance to get you into the seventh or eighth inning and he's definitely one of those guys two balls in a strike now Gets the sign here comes the two one and a change up swung on and missed for the first down You know what was really impressive to me about that strikeout. He fell behind to know to start the at-bat That's a pretty bad place to be but then he kind of refocused himself and came right back with Three quality pitches in a row to set him down That's not easy to do but now his focus has to hone in on getting ahead on the next guy And that will bring in Yandy Diaz as he'll reach for one and come up empty for the first strike And he's a guy looking to break out in a big way Hasn't been getting the results. He or his club have been hoping for oh one pitch on its way And it's fouled away Started the breaking ball far too inside that time laid off for ball one the one to His swung on and missed he got him Well, there's the great equalize to change up L. Cumbio. Listen, you can keep that pitch in your back pocket and pull it out When you need it like he did right there usually hitters they don't stand a chance So here's Mike Zanino As he looks at a fastball that's in there for strike one the numbers Offensively pretty dismal to this point down in the 170s to start play six home runs and 17 RBI's Into the wind up here comes the 0 and 1 Comes at him with the slider there and he gets the strike This is a perfect time for him to break out that nasty change up great arm action on it and bury something in the dirt Try and get a swing and a miss and an off-speed pitch swung on and missed and with that the side is retired Raise go in order one two three through two. We're tied one apiece Now to the plate Kyle Higashiyoka and he'll start out there half of the third top of the order to file First pitch of the ad-bat now the two oh could have been three and one instead. It's two and two Oh That was ugly howdy if you're waving at me No tried to fool him with the change up, but he won't offer at it three and two You could pretty much book it that a fastball's coming a challenge fastball right here He cannot allow the nine hole hitter to get on base with the top of the order room Here's a fly ball well hit meadows moving back at the track on the warning track He makes the catch and with one away time for a check of the standings in the American League East as you get a look at where these two teams find themselves entering play Now here comes the Tampa Bay manager at to the mound and he's looking to the bullpen here So it would appear that's all for his starter tonight So as he departs not exactly sure why he's getting the hook is he's given up just one run But nevertheless, he's on his way to an early shower Diego Castillo is gonna come on to pitch here and in just the third inning you have to think you'll be asked to eat some innings Gone in the inning now and that'll bring in Brett Gardner first pitch coming here it is One app nobody on Sinker one ball one strike. That's one and two Swung underneath that pit so he was either trying to elevate the ball or he was expecting a pitch to be a sinker and drop More than it did hard sinker misses two and two And this will miss down low in the dirt that was worked at full now at three and two Hey, I know the idea is to try to get the guy to swing on a two-two pitch right, but that one was so low I don't know anybody that would have swung at that pitch payoff pitch one more time There's a swing and a high deep drive headed for the right field corner And that's gonna wind up hooking just a bit foul. So a missed opportunity there Lifted down the line and left And they can't run it down Making him work out there the ninth pitch of the ad-bad coming up Hold toward right center field Margot's under it and he makes the catch for the second hour The base is a rempty here with two gone and that will bring up the exciting middle infielder Glaber Torres Gas triple digits on the radar gun Bases are empty here with two men out a little bit outside two and one and a slider is in for a strike It's two and two here now the two two slider with gun for strike three a great pitch to put an end to the inning So the yanks go one two three after two and a half it remains a one-one ballgame And that'll bring up men. Well Margot. He starts off the inning against a guy who struck out the side last inning How did it get to him here? I'm not sure man that they want to stay as patient He's been throwing a lot of strikes. They might want to start swinging a little bit earlier in the count. He's ready Here's the first offering No, that's up. He won a home I Don't blame him for not coming over the heart of the plate He circled this guy on the lineup card when he got to the yard today. He's been swinging one of the hotter bats in the game the two oh Outside in low three and oh Ball three to a lead-off hitter that can run not the greatest way to start this right here I think right now you really have to start pouring some pitches into that strike zone and a good comeback there It's three and one Swing and a liner toward the gap in left center Tuckman arranged to his left as he tracks this one down in left center for the first down Good contact to start out the inning thought he might be on base with some sort of a hit But it hung up there too long just unlucky that time now with the plate Joey Wendell over one for him here in this one Ready to deliver. Here's the first pitch Oh Faces are empty one man that misses to an oh Not even close with the one oh he needs to get back in his own, but be careful work the quadrants Two and one to the raise lead-off batter boy. What a time to pull the string on him on to oh There's no way anyone's thinking change up. So if you can locate it, that's pretty much unhittable Now the two one pitch Doesn't hit the target it's ball three Too close for comfort and he did a good job just to make contact Well, somebody sitting off speed right here only way he was laid on that heater as he was expecting another change up one app nobody on and Whoa awfully close, but it's ball for according to Woody Keller That's who can't obey So coming to the plate Jose Martinez will try to follow up the double in his last half bad with another big hit right here Well, he got a good pitch to hit last time up look for it up in the zone and didn't miss it Those are the pitches you only get maybe once an AB maybe once a game maybe once a week So he certainly capitalized on it last time First offering on its way runners on the move for second no balls in one strike For to the bag throw in the dirt to first and he can't come up with a clean lead Set to deliver the oh and one and he fouls this one off comes to nothing in two pitch Hey, I get it. He wants to set up that breaking ball down it away But that O2 fastball wasn't even close the one to is taken for ball to Regardless of the result right here to be down O2 and work it back to an even count got to feel like it's a win for the offense Full count three balls and two strikes to the raised DH. I Wouldn't be surprised to see the runner moving here on that 3-2 pitch with only one out But this guy at the plate swings the bat really well So it's likely he'll put the ball in play if it's a pitch worth swinging at hey off pitch home And he misses again ball for and that's back-to-back guys now that have reached base via the base on ball Wow, you know, he's not happy with that call when it crossed the plate It sure looked like it's strike to me seemed to catch a ton of the plate That's a tough way to give up a walk, but he's got to put it behind it now So first and second with one man gone and Austin Meadows will be the next to bat set here it comes right With some traffic on the base pass nice job by the pitcher to execute strike one Runners are at first and second with one away. This misses the outside corner. So it's not enough at one and one He's already walked to in this inning already. This guy just can't seem to find the strike zone Two balls in the strike Has to be a challenge pitch coming up here. He probably doesn't want to flirt with loading the bases He fires a fastball now for a called strike to One of the best ways to keep a guy uncomfortable is to pound him inside They're doing that and this one caught the zone there for a called third strike and they're a two gone now Big strikeout for the second out there, but he's not out of it yet We'll see if he can feed off that cake wiggle on the jam and keep this game tied To the plate now Hunter Renfrow as he'll go after the first pitch to him and comes up empty It's strike one you'll come into this one with an average way down at two thirty five Four home runs nine driven in oh one offering Well his pitch count is really spiked here in this inning. He's up to over 50 already been two and two counts a hunter Renfrow This is a huge pitch right here. I don't think he wants to go three two and have those runners be in motion Look for him to be aggressive with what he thinks is his best pitch right Two and two here it is Swing and a miss and that ends the inning back-to-back strikeouts keep him out of danger Back with more on a Thursday night following this I'll set for the start of the inning and that'll bring up Miguel and do hard It was a strikeout victim in his first try. Yeah, but it was a good change up Maddie Good arm action on that pitch look for him to try and stay back a little bit more let the ball get a little deeper Don't be shocked if this pitcher tries to rush a heater right here now the 1-0 No Pretty good pitch right there fastball in off the plate one of the things you want to do as a pitcher try to stand those hitters up Now the 2-0 To be honest with you I'm a little bit more afraid the guy on deck to the guy that's up right now if I'm on the mound I want this guy up right now. He's the guy that's got to beat me Set to deliver on 3-0 All right fastball taken but that gets the zone for a strike It's pretty aggressive pitch right there up in the zone surprised. He didn't offer at it And they'll take it to the bag himself for the out And while we have a moment here's a look at the raised road to the show report two guys there that this Organization has to be happy about right now digging into the batter's box next will be Jim Carlos Stanton as the first pitch to him is off the plate for a ball one or no He's all for one thus far the 1-0. This is in the air out to right Meadows is over to his right as he puts this one away to down Next for New York Geo or Shella comes into this at bat all for one in the ballgame first offering on its way In there for strike 1-0 and 1 One run just one hit and no errors for the Yankees so far Lazy fly ball out to center field then comes Margo. He's there to track it down and that'll end the inning One two three go the bombers will go to the bottom of the fourth tied one to one We're back at Tropicana field and let's check in with Heidi Watney Matt raise manager Kevin Cash talked to me in between innings about his line-ups offensive production and Flat out. He was very pleased with the quality of their at bats. Yes They've only scored one run, but he said they've done a great job of forcing the pitch count up And he thinks that's gonna lead to more offense for them as this game goes on Thank You Heidi Ready to go for the last half of the inning stepping in g-men showing He's all for one after grounding out in his only trip to the plate so far First pitch coming here. It is And the shift will not amount to much here as this is lifted in the air out to right field Good hard slider there, but it runs away. It's a ball in a strike Grounded back up the middle and a base hit so the lead-off man is aboard Then I'll tell you it doesn't matter what it looks like right there that long dark felt so good You know this guy's got to do he really needed that one now Willie Adamus as he lays off a fastball too low for ball one looking to put the ball in play here He went down on strikes in his first at-bat jump low to an O Adamus doesn't usually enjoy left-handed pitching like this as much as he does at bats against right-handers I'm not sure if it's a comfort thing or if he just sees the ball better coming from the right side But that's the book on him at this point in his career now the 2-1 is looked at for ball three Aim towards center field Gardner is there and he has it for the first out Digging in for his second at-bat yondi Diaz he was a strikeout victim in his first try as a look now the pitch Good swing just got to try and straighten that one out We're under on first here with one gone in a 1-1 tie Swing and a miss and he's in control 0 and 2 Hey, you know the pitcher right now. He's looking for that best friend that double play ball This is where you have to really be disciplined at the plate and make sure that you get a pitch That's above the knees that you get in the air That misses one and two Man, that's a good take there on that oh to fastball just miss he must have a really good eye at the plate He takes strike three called on the fastball couldn't pull the trigger and there are two away Pretty clear He didn't like the call there on the outside part of the plate But probably too good to take and he's down on strikes for the second time Yeah, that pitch was right on the black beautiful pitch And even if we had robot arms he'd still be out But the only difference would be he wouldn't be able to complain about it fouled off Looking to put the ball in play here. He went down on strikes in his first at bat a ball and a strike to Mike Zanino One run on three hits and no errors for Tampa Bay so far Maybe too much break on the slider two and one Boy, that's one of the toughest pitches to lay off a hard breaking ball at the back foot tough take on a terrific pitch Pitch on its way now to Zanino fouled away Struck him out his seventh of the ballgame and that ends the inning Ray's strand just the one Fifth inning coming up tied at one Welcome back Heidi Watney standing by as we get set for the top of the fifth Thanks Matt. I talked with the Yankees manager Aaron Boone during the break about the team's offensive performance so far And he told me he's pretty unhappy with their discipline at the plate in this one He said that they're playing right into the pitchers game plan today by expanding the strike zone way too often Instead of swinging at pitches in the strike zone that they can do something with they're often chasing at pitches out of the zone Which is resulting in a lot of their outs going forward. They have to start being more selective guys now pitching good stuff Heidi thanks Chas Roe the 6-5 light-hander takes over on the mound and that sends DJ LaMahieu into the box. He'll start things out as we begin the fifth Love it It's coming here. It is Ball in a strike Count moves to a ball in two strikes now Roe and Ohio native. He was a first-round pick back in 2005 Yeah, he has turned himself into a really nice ball player I wouldn't put him on a superstar level, but you know what they didn't miss with this pick either You go into high rounds and you carve out a career the way this guy has nice pick looking forward the strikeout Here's the 1-2 swing and a miss on the slider and that's out number one good job of making him chase a pitch for the strikeout there Now yeah, Matt That's the advantage of getting ahead an account You can really force hitters to expand their zone to protect and when they're in that mode getting them to go after a pitch They can't do much with becomes a lot easier at the plate Look void as the first pitch to him is taken low and away for ball one 287 the average coming in nine homers and 17 RBI's Ready with the 1-0 Swing and a ground ball to third all beautiful dive. It's in time Again Mike Tuckman so far 0 for 1 with a flyout first pitch of the ad bat Now a southpaw up to throw in that Tampa Bay bullpen Slider and laid off for a ball Two out nobody on Fastball well outside you one all even now two and two There's a fastball well off the plate for a ball Wow talk about a waste pitch on two and two that one wasn't even close I don't know anyone that would have swung at that pitch Now the payoff pitch home and this one misses high for ball for and they have themselves a two-out base runner So it's a runner at first with two gone and up to bat next it'll be the catcher Kyle Higashiyoka He's set and the pitch Higashiyoka a California born ball player. He was selected in the seventh round during the 2008 draft I know this guy wouldn't go into the category of superstar, but to grind out the career He has being drafted where he was my hats off Got him on at his front foot it's oh and two nothing in two count and the pitch Breaking ball below the zone. That's ball one Swing and a miss as the slider sets him down for the final out of the inning Yanks leave one halfway home all even at one apiece with the first pitch here it comes Swing and he pops him up the Mayhew over to his right makes the play one away And that'll bring up Joey Wendell it was a walk in his last trip first pitch on its way Bases are empty one man out and it's fouled away 1-1 Try to bun his way on base here, but this will roll foul the 2-2 And a wave and a miss on a ball that was way out of the strike zone. There are two away now Boy, that's the best pitch in baseball right there with two strikes that elevated fastball Every hitter thinks that hey they can do something with that But most of the time you get the result that you saw right there a big swing and a miss and another strikeout At the plate now Jose Martinez as he grounds one briskly to short Dirt put a good scoop at first saves an error as the side is retired down in order go the Rades We've played five full tied at one aside Colin Pochette takes over to start the sixth inning on the mound Back to the top of the Yankee order digging in Brett Gardner. He flew out his last ad back From the stretch here's the pitch Can't find the zone there as he lays off the breaking ball on our home And he fouls this one off ballman two strikes an action now in the Tampa Bay pen as it looks like a right hander's begun to get loose Goes against the shift there as this is on the ground at the left side and they are not gonna get him at first He's aboard easily Dan after that base hit He's extended his hit streak to nine games and you know, he wants to hold it Oh, there's no question about listen to anybody can get a nine-game hitting streak But when you call your buddies or send out a text message and say hey, I'm about in double digits So nine games is nothing to sneeze at but he'd love to get it to 10 One the count kicks and deals That's a great call right there fastball away with a guy who's got some jets on first base Almost like the hybrid pitch out great for a catcher if that guy's running Easy transfer throw to second base a one-one home Is looked at for ball number two Leadoff man aboard here in a one-one ball game Nip the corner two and two Don't know for sure, but I think you may have been taking there thinking his teammate on first was going to be on the move Swing and a liner Fowler Hit two two got him. So he's down on strikes for the second time here tonight That was some nice execution on that pitch spotted it nicely down around the bottom of the zone And when you do that, especially with two strikes, not a lot of guys are going to hurt you You're going to get a lot of ground balls and swings and misses down there Now a throw over to first and a dive, but he's back Standing in now. Miguel Andujar He sends it on the ground softly to the left to second for one return throw is in time How about that they do turn two and it gets him out of the inning Around the horn they go five to four to three to end the threat Thursday night baseball rolls on We'll have more after this Digging in to try it again. Austin Meadows Outfield shaded toward right center. Here's the first pitch This one's outside quite a bit off the plate that time Down the left field line and deep And that's going to land Fowler the one and one pitch Really feels like he's just on cruise control out there on the mound right now Boy, this is a tight one. You kind of get the feeling like the next team that scores is going to win this one Here he comes on a ball in two strikes He takes it to the opposite field high and deep to left And that'll get down out there near the wall Pull in the second here with nobody out Oh, this is a great way to start the inning now the go ahead run is on second a base hit away from coming across I know it's only the sixth inning But you'd love to claim the lead right now and let your bullpen carry the load the rest of the way Digging in once again Hunter Renfrow. He looked to bounce back after striking out his last time up Yeah, he's got to put that one behind them Especially with runners in scoring position those punchouts will stick with you a little longer Ready with the first pitch here it comes Good spot to be in right now as a hitter count your favor one and oh good time to get a fastball and turn it loose from the stretch Yep, high fastball is in there A runner at second nobody out a ball in two strikes now Little hesitation right there by the batter is great execution by the pitcher down in a way But that looked like a late swing could have been sitting on something else Hit out toward second Mayhew's got it and the throw to first is in time one gone G man joined last time through as a base hit Yeah, guys, everyone knows he's been slumping dan You can certainly attest to this only amassing a solid one hit in your entire career But pressure's off now. Maybe he gets hot He's going to be thinking about that pitch all night if he doesn't have a big game right here Pulled his front shoulder and everything went with it Not close with that when it's way above the strikes on some action out in the bullpen couple of right-handers starting to loosen up Foul ball left side and that'll move it to one and two From the belt the pitch and he strikes out and oh boy All he needed was a fly ball somewhere to give him the lead, but instead there are two gone now That strikeout changes the whole complexion of the anyway He was definitely pitching for it with a run run third and one out and he got it Now it's going to take a hit or something like a wild pitch to get that guy home So now to the plate will he adams as he will look at a first pitch fastball for ball one He's hitless and is too at bat so far The set and the 1-0 Good pitch there down below the zone got him to go after it Got to sit middle middle when a guy's trying to pitch around you if he's going to give you first base Take it and he just misses inside with the fastball there Lifted in the air toward the line and right Stanton on the run And he brings it down to end the inning as the go-ahead run is left stranded Ray's strand just the one Score remains tied one to one Nick Anderson will come out and take the ball here as he'll be making his 15th appearance of the year Good job thing. Giancarlo Stanton over two on his line this far First pitch of the at bat And a ball 1-0 Too old to a guy with this kind of pop you better be awfully careful because he's going to be swinging out of his shoes Now a called strike that time as the zone expands a bit here. It's two and one now Pitch on the way This one sinks low on a touch outside. It's a full count three and two Well, you're playing close games like this base runners mean everything so he can ill afford to start giving away free passes the three two pitch Rip down the first base line And a perfect start to the seventh as this should be extra bases And your go-ahead run is in at second base here with a leadoff double That's the difference in today's games pitchers will throw any pitch in any count But the batter was able to deliver on a three two breaking ball to the plate now Gilles or shella as the first pitch misses to him It's ball one this year against right-handed pitching Urshela as an eye-grabbing batting line one that resides above the 340 plateau You want to talk about having a career season matty This guy's bat and averages through the roof one of the best in the business And maybe more importantly his old ps is through the roof as well, which means he's doing it with damage Now the two oh Two and one now bad runs in scoring position here with nobody out offers you that one little late and it's two and two now Sometimes you can get away with the pitch in that location when you're running it up there that hard But not consistently you still have to work the edges of the zone most of the time And the throw will indeed take care of them for the first down Good pitch there and that was a nice job by his battery mate to complete the plate first after the ball hit the dirt Here's the second baseman dj. LeMayhew a hidden two tries for him so far He with the first pitch here it comes Pitch is way outside and he can't even get a glove on it And he's going to make it up the third here as he advances on the wild pitch Well, he has nobody to blame but himself with one out a runner on third can come home to score all sorts of ways That's why as a pitcher you have to execute pitches even better when there are runners on base Go ahead runs in scoring position here with one away plays off again, and it's two and oh Well, this is a strikeout situation, but it's also a ground ball situation I expect we'll see a lot of pitches down in the zone trying to prevent the hitter from getting the ball up in the air flow on the way Hit hard to third And that is through into left as he delivers. It's a base head They'll cash in here as the run is in to score from third. It's now a two to one ball game Boy, those have to feel really good dro He's getting late in the game.  This is a known sinker baller out on the mound trying to roll a double play And he throws him a four seamer Hit the target, but this is low two and one now a chopper to first might only get one. There's one Onto the pitcher covering and it's in time a double play and the inning is over a run on two hits for the Yankees Seventh inning stretch time here at the ballpark The Yankees lead at two to one last half of the seventh here digging in yondi Diaz 0 for two from him so far in this one This thing's far from over even though we're moving into the back end of this game Only down by one all they need to do is get this leadoff guy and they're an extra base hit away from tying this thing up And a fastball is in there for strike one We're moving along into the later innings and this guy's throwing over 60 percent of his first pitches for strikes He'd like to do a little bit more, but so far so good And this one's downstairs. It's a ball and a strike all lifted into the air out towards center field After it is Gardner. He gets there to make the play for the first out of the inning So yet another strong outing for him tonight as we show you the league leaders in e-ring And as you can see he's right up there fourth in the al in that category Here now is mike zanino. He started out the evening 0 for 2 so far Pitch on its way now to zanino Expect the guy on the mound to keep attacking his own He wants a quick inning so he won't be nibbling the wind up and the 0 1 Next 0 2 misses and that'll move it to 1 and 2 now He's struck out again. That's the third time. He's gone down on strikes in this one It's been a rough night at the yard for him. That's three times He's gone down on strikes in this one. So they've really figured out how to attack this guy Max Manuel margo As he takes a fastball off the plate for a ball 1 and 0 He's 0 for 2 in the ball game so far and he misses low with it 2 and 0 I think when a team starts struggling certainly offensively It's just guys try and play above their pay grade Know who the best players are in the lineup and try and get on base to set them up Hit in the air at his straightaway left left fielder giving chase He makes the catch what a play on the run to end the inning Rays go in order 1 2 3 They still trail it here 2 to 1 Ready now mike talkman. It was a walk in his last trip Mike talk First pitch of the at bat Herball looked at here for strike one Outside for a ball one and one now. Here's the pitch Swing and a miss on the fastball and it's one and two I think it's about time to choke up on that bat and get that foot down. He's awfully tardy right now Fastball swung on and missed for the first down People always talk about how important getting the leadoff men on bases and and it's true So in the eighth inning of a one run game That's a really nice job of attacking a hitter and sending him packing Stepping in now kyle higashiyoka as he takes a cold strike at the knees its own one No hits to this point ball swing and a ms and he's behind in the count o and two Offered at that breaking ball below the zone and that's a tough one to spit on But the key is recognizing it coming out of the pitcher's hand earlier making sure that it goes up before it comes down More likely to be a hanger when that's the case On its way the o2 pitch Got him on a good slider there swung on and missed as he's down on strikes for the second time tonight Another strikeout for him on the mound and boy, is it fun to watch him go about his business No doubt matty. He's one of my favorites mostly because of his stuff You know, he can absolutely dominate on any given day because of what he offers up there. It's just nasty There aren't many hitters that like to see this guy on the mound So here's the veteran brett gardener as the first pitch misses high and inside for ball one He's got a hit in three at bats to this point and that's too high ball two Two balls and a strike down to the yankees leadoff man Our pitchers dual continues here two to one scores would play the eighth Hit hard to the right side foul Here now the two two Hit on the ground down the first baseline But this is going to be a foul ball as that keeps things at two and two Trying to strike out the side here it is If you're at the plate right now, you have to realize who's on deck I guarantee you something's over the heart of the plate. You have to be aggressive in the zone right here They off pitch home and that one's taken outside for a ball. We walked him So no one two three ending here. They've got themselves a two out base runner When a guy's been swinging the bat as well as he has in this series You definitely want to take the bat out of his hands a free pass to first It's better than what he's been doing the last couple of games Digging in now for the yankees torres. He's hitless in three at bats to this point Ready with the first pitch here it comes No balls and a strike to count Hits are now even at four apiece Annie falls behind oh and two on strikes for the third time One left for the yankees. They lead it two to one Chad Green is on the pitch out of the bullpen in the bottom half of the air Joey Wendell digs in now he's 0 for 2 with a strikeout in this one Marie to him on the way Starts to get loose out there. It's two balls and two strikes now. Here's the two two Now the potential time run here is aboard late in the game Man, that's a tough one to swallow.  So we'll see if that's the case here So a runner at first now with nobody out and up next will be the right-handed hitting jose martinez Kicks and deals going his way right there has anything to do with walking the last guy We all know umpires don't give you much on the corners if you're not throwing strikes consistently Lifted in the air to shallow center field. Here comes gardener He's there and records the first down with one away and austin meadows will be the next to bad And crushed it just pulled it a little foul. Oh my this ball is crushed. Look at it go Boom goes the dynamite. So it's a two run shot to right center as they've taken a one run lead Put a momentum shift right there now the visitors are down there final three outs You can bring your big boy in to close this one out Here's the call now looking to get this one onto the ninth inning without any trouble Hunter rim throw And she'll take one on the inside corner at the knees at strike one Oh for two for him to this point find up here comes the oan one Hey, that's a nice take by the batter right there But that's a non competitive off speed pitch got to do better to at least entice a swing the one one Swung on and missed in that strike two That's back-to-back sliders on the outside part of the plate now Would be a good time to come in with that good hard stuff inside The one two a swing and a drive sent out toward the gap looking up is the left fielder Boom goes the dynamite Duren fro leaves the yard with a solo shot home run number five on the year And the razor steak to a four to two lead Everyone in the home dugout just seemed to breathe a little easier They're up two and only need three outs in their bullpen to wrap up the w It's always nice to work with a little extra wiggle room Digging in g-man joy and then after that home run It looks like they might be able to end this losing streak that they've been mired in Yeah, and when at this level feels really good, especially when it's been a while They're on their way if they can play well the rest of the game Here's the first offering And a slider tails outside for bowl one And a strike to even the count one and one Three runs already home here goes against the shift there as this is on the ground at the left side Throw on the first will get him score it five three on the put out though It looked more like a six to three ground ball nevertheless There are two away now really final line there for the yankee starting pitcher He was on point from the get-go this evening Hey, manny v this guy had it going in this one. He looked down at the bottom of that scroll 10 strikeouts He hit that swing and missed up from the beginning all the way to the end in this one At the plate now willy adomas as with two away, he'll swing and miss at the first pitch it's 0-1 Faces are empty here with two men out. Oh, he had him fooled there. No balls and two strikes A ball and two strikes to the raise shortstop Grounder down the line at third, but this is a foul ball as the count holds steady at one and two Here's the pitch and he strikes him out here So he's able to stop the bleeding a bit as this side is retired So two home runs in the inning lead to three runs on the scoreboard Ninth inning coming up the rays are out in front four to two Overdrain comes on from the pen hoping to finish this one off here in the top of the ninth Set to start the ninth in this one starting forward now is the dh Miguel Andujar He could really use a knock here 0 for 3 in the game so far Looking for base runners here as they're down to playing on the road Not an easy thing to do trying to score runs or bunch hits together off of a closer Every ball club has that spark plug guy and this is the guy right here He usually ignites a lot of productive innings all in a strike now ball two and it's two and one Hey leading off an inning in this situation three balls on you You have to know that a solo shot's not tying this game up. You have to find a way to get on base any way possible Three balls and two strikes to the Yankees dh Time run stands on deck, but it'll only matter if the guy in the box can get on base Yeah, and that has to be his mentality at the plate right now matt He can't be the hero So he needs to do what he can to give the guy behind him a chance to be the guy Hold a second on the first and that is a big out to start the ninth Striding forward now the Yankee cleanup hitter Giancarlo Stanton is working on a one for three thus far the at bat on its way Rising fastball then it catches the zone for a strike here two and one now Now pitch on the way three and one Good job to work to count put himself back in the driver's seat Started off with one strike and now he's got to count his favorite three and one For from stanton it's ball four. So he'll head down to first The hitter was dug in looking for something to hit But he would have needed a telephone pole to hit that thing way out of the zone Out jewellers shella. He was sat down on strikes in his last at bat Set here's the nothing and nothing pitch Well way off target here and it's even at one The one one Is swung on and missed for strike number two Hey hats off to the pitching staff right here. They've been able to hold a hot hitter and check in game four this series Open to send him packing pitch on its way To two balls and two strikes now Down to short and there's his first base hit in this one So he waited till the ninth inning when he comes through here to extend the hit streak that was close Yeah, matty b you see that rye smile of him coming out of the box right there He knew what was on the line. He'd be lying if he didn't But there's a lot of pressure on him to get you're walking into that batter's box thinking I have a nice streak going and this is more than likely going to be my last day b He comes through in the clutch in now dj lemay here Swing here on the fastball and this will get fouled off to the right side First and second now one man out off that in the air out toward right center right fielder is on the run He tracks it down and makes the play to record the second out Settling in now look boy He comes to the plate as the last chance for his side two out here in the ninth February to him on the way Hey, this isn't going to be an easy save these guys are making them work for this one One oh count here it is. This is swung on and missed and now they're down to perhaps their final strike of the evening You chase a pitch that bad outside the zone. You got to find a way to regroup adjust the batting gloves Only look over the hard row 17 inches now this small but vocal crowd come to their feet Who's at first and second Last chance for the Yankees Again another foul ball has him down to their final strike here. It comes Well baseball is a game of streaks and runs So a four game skid happens to even the best of teams the key is they didn't panic oppressed They just came out here Played their game and put the losing streak behind them like professionals are supposed to do well done Four to two with a final score tonight The Tampa Bay range came through late taking the lead in the eighth to secure the victory Nick Anderson claims the win out of the pen his first Oliver Drake wraps it up for the save his tenth So that just about does it for mark de rosa dan. Please act hidey wotney and our entire crew on matt vascers And you've been watching mlb the show


Hi, I'm Maureen Feynman. I'm an associate research professor in the Department of Geosciences at Penn State. Hi, I'm Heather McEwen-Broon. I'm an assistant teaching professor in the Department of Art History at Penn State. So a couple of years ago, Penn State started a new general education initiative where they asked the faculty to come together for integrative studies in general education. So bringing together inter-domain learning, for example, bringing together arts and sciences. And shortly thereafter, I got a phone call from Heather McEwen-Broon sitting next to me here who asked if I would be interested in putting together a class where we took rocks and minerals and geosciences and art history and looked at how the two really kind of evolved together. And she kind of brought me in by telling me an interesting story about a trip she took with her family. So for me, the inspiration for this course ultimately came from a family trip to Utah. And you'll get to see a larger version of this image on your screen. We went to Dinosaur National Monument, which is kind of on the border of northern Utah and Colorado. And I was really interested in seeing the fossils there. But what I didn't know until we got there was that it's also a really important site for Native American rock art. So there are pictographs and petroglyphs. And some of these are painted. Some of them are sort of carved into the walls. And when I looked at them, I had this incredible aha moment because I realized that all around me in the landscape were the materials that were used for painting the painted images. I was seeing ochre all around on the ground. And because of my experience with art history, I knew it was an important material. But this was the first time I'd ever seen the work and the material right there. And so I came back and I was looking for a way that I could work on this. The new mandate for general education came along. And so I spent a little bit of time combing through the Geosciences website until I found some candidates of faculty members who looked like they might be interested in a collaboration. And I was lucky that Maureen answered the phone. So Heather and I met for coffee and we shared some stories and ideas about some of our favorite rocks and minerals, some of our favorite artworks and places. And from there we began to lay out the design for this class, which you are about to embark upon with us. So welcome to Art History 107, also Geosciences 107, Rocks, Minerals, and the History of Art. I hope you enjoy it as much as we enjoyed making it.


Hey everyone, welcome back to Nintendo Prime. I am Nathaniel Rumpeljantz and today I wanna have a little conversation with you. Before I have that conversation, we are actually on our road to 80,000 subscribers. Like it feels crazy to say this. It wasn't even that long ago. I believe like 2018, maybe 2019 when I was hoping to just hit 50,000 and we are literally on the cusp of 80. That's just insane to me. Thank you so much for all of your support for subscribing and enjoying the content. We have a crazy giveaway going on. Anyways, for all of you guys, we're giving away a replica Hylian Shield, a replica Deku Shield, and a replica Master Sword with made out of actual metal for... It's based on Breath of the Wild anyways for our 80,000 subscribers. We're not actually, like you can't enter the giveaway right now. I've learned from the past when we hit 80,000 subscribers, that's when we'll begin the giveaway. I wanna thank you guys for all of that support. And today, I just have a really, just something I wanna talk about. And this is the idea of, do we actually need a Switch Pro or a next generation Switch, either or? Or are we just fine with the way Switch is today? You know, we got our Switch OLED right here. This is the really dirty current model of the Nintendo Switch. But obviously it's using the exact same hardware essentially since 2017. They did shrink the chip down and everything and that's cool, but what I wanna actually focus on is do we need it? Now, there's a lot of logic to say that we do. The Switch is on the down swing as an example. 28 million units, roughly in 2020, down to like 23 million in 2020. Well, we're talking fiscal years. Now they're projecting just over 20 million in the current fiscal year. So you can argue we had our peak year and we're slowly doing really down since after this current fiscal year, the next one will probably be under 20 million. And you can kind of see that roadmap of yeah, it's leading to that next platform. Plus, we just had the fifth anniversary in March 3rd, which means we're now, what is this? Three months or so, a little over three months into the sixth year of Nintendo Switch. And typically platforms have been replaced every five to six years, especially at Nintendo. They've been really, really consistent with that. But we know obviously the president himself put out there, the president of Nintendo, and he was put out there, hey, we wanna make this a really long generation. So it's interesting, you're just looking at the sales perspective that could lead you to believe, you know what, maybe it is time, maybe Switch is losing momentum, despite outselling the PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series during this time period. You know what, those are still on the up swing and Switch is on the down swing and eventually Switch is gonna sell less than them. And you can argue that's a panic time for Nintendo. Moving beyond that, of course, we can talk about how, hey, you know what, we're not getting every AAA third party game grounded. I don't think we ever will, but we're seeing a lot of games coming over now that are coming through streaming. Hitman 3, Marvel's guardian of the galaxy last year. Potentially Final Fantasy, Crisis Core 7, like yeah, I understand that like maybe that one will be local, we don't know, but it wouldn't be shocking to see it in that way. In fact, you know, we finally got the Kingdom Hearts games on Switch. And despite the fact that Switch can clearly run the majority of the Kingdom Hearts series, they still gave it to us via cloud because it was just easier to do and cheaper to do than porting the game natively to Switch. So there's an argument from a game perspective. There's an argument from Nintendo game perspective. We're seeing tricks being used in games like Kirby and the Forgotten Land where they're having the frame rate in background objects. You can literally see them skipping on the screen. That's how much the frame rate is being affected. And obviously we know Breath of the Wild that launch never ran smoothly. You can argue that that could be about being a Wii U game. But it's one of those situations. Even Mario Odyssey couldn't run at a full 1080p 60fps. They had to cut it to 900p in dock mode. And obviously we can get into the fact that most of us have some form of 4K television in our house because 4K TVs have become the standard. It's almost impossible to go to say Walmart, a mass consumer store and actually buy a 1080p TV that's bigger than like 20 inches. Because almost everything there, even 50 inch TVs, are selling for like 300, 400 bucks that are 4K. They might not have all the bells and whistles and be really, really cheap. But hey, you do technically get a 4K resolution and the Switch just doesn't support that. We have other things out there like the Photo Fast Gamer Pro and the M Classic that can help with some of these cheaper 4K TVs. But at the end, it's just not the experience many people are looking for in 2022. Now, the Nintendo Switch is also not dropped in price either. So some people can actually view it as a little bit expensive. When you get an Xbox Series S or a Switch, the S feels like a better deal, especially if you plan to play at home. Plus the Steam Deck is on the market. So there's a lot of arguments out there that exist for us to get an upgraded platform. There's all the rumors last year where there's smoke, there's probably fire, there's a lot. But here's the thing, do we actually need it? To that, I think the question is a bit more complicated. See, Switch is a hybrid. It means it effectively replaced the 3DS, which is now discontinued, and the Wii U. So it's a home console and a handheld. And a lot of times we look at this platform as, man, it's really weak compared to PlayStation 5. It's weak compared to the PlayStation 4. It's weak compared to the Steam Deck. But also it is absolutely incredible the leap the Switch is from the 3DS. And the 3DS only recently went out of production. So I'm trying to paint a picture here where we're getting a really strong lineup of games, right? We have Splatoon 3, Xenoblade 3, Bayonet 3, Sparks of Hope, Breath of the Wild 2, many more games that come, who knows? Maybe we get a new Mario card, maybe a new Mario game, probably another Mario, Paper Mario at some point, Mario plus Luigi, I know Mario, Mario, Mario, Mario, Mario, maybe we get Pikmin 4, Metroid Prime 4. And so many others, like Nintendo has a bunch of games because reality is this is the first time they've actually combined their development studios to focus on one platform. I'm not trying to set a precedent that I don't want there to be a more powerful Switch. I wouldn't be covering all the leaks and rumors and speculation out there about the platform if it wasn't something I actually wanted. But I don't know if we're in a need stage yet. Nintendo might need it to keep sales going but do we as consumers need it? We have one of the biggest Pokemon games of all time coming this year, right?  We kicked off the year with Arceus.  Everyone loved the game anyways. We're about to get the Scarlet and Violet open world Pokemon game, maybe of our dreams of the last 20 years. And again, they're doing that on the current Switch hardware, Breath of the Wild 2, even if it ends up a new hardware can run on the current Switch. Harbors, Xenoblade Chronicles 3, Current Switch hardware, Kirby and the Forgotten Lamb, maybe the best Kirby game of all time, Current Switch hardware, Metro Dread, was up for game of the year last year on the current Switch hardware. I think you're getting my point. What gets lost when we're talking about wanting something new, wanting something fresh, wanting something more powerful is that power doesn't give you amazing games. Power is just power. You can have a PlayStation 5, but if it doesn't deliver the content, what does the power matter? You can have your Xbox Series X, but if it doesn't deliver the games, number one criticism of Xbox Series X this year is it's not delivering on games in 2022. So without the games, what does that power matter? And what Nintendo's proving right now in year six is that with all of their development focused on a single platform, they're still bringing the games. So from a sales perspective, absolutely Nintendo should release a new platform. From a wanting to get all the third-party games to stop being cloud and actually be local on the system, they should want to release a new platform. Game developers probably want them to release a new platform. But from just enjoying games, sitting back, playing Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Shredder's Revenge on my plane flight, heading off to vacation, just from the perspective of just playing games and being a gamer, I don't find myself begging for a new Switch to come out. Now, I have owned every Switch, version one, the version two, Switch Lite for my children, I got the Switch OLED for myself. I've owned every version. I've enjoyed the incremental updates and different things they've done, obviously Switch OLED being the most drastic quality of life improvement, but still no power difference. And I don't find myself playing the Switch any less. Now, I will admit, I don't play the Switch as much on TV. Now, I have this new TV back here as I did before. I find myself playing it more in handheld because obviously the resolution differences and stuff don't matter as much on a smaller screen. So I have changed how I'm playing the system because it's not that powerful and because I don't like looking at blurry images on a giant, you know, 80 inch TV. But I will also say this, switching over to an almost exclusive handheld experience has sort of reinvigorated the Switch. And I think that's one of the benefits. As it's not as impressive on TV, it still blows my mind that I'm sitting there on a plane playing Breath of the Wild. And I understand now if you got a Steam Deck, you're playing Elden Ring on a plane, right? Like you're on that plane playing one of the newest and greatest games of our current generation. And that is absolutely astounding and a big credit to the Steam and Valve and the Steam Deck. I get it. PC gaming rocks. I literally have a 49-inch ultra-wide $2,500 monitor that costs basically as much as my gaming ring does to get the ultimate gaming experience on PC. I love PC gaming. I got my Xbox back here.  I love gaming and I love high fidelity and I love high frame rates. I love playing the best of the best at the highest visual quality. I love it. Miles Morales was absolutely stunning on PlayStation 5. I played that thing in quality mode the whole time, even though performance mode and quality mode I wish would just find a way to combine. But guys, as I sit here playing Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtle Shredders Revenge on my Switch, as I sit here looking forward to Xenoblade Chronicles 3 next month, as I sit here playing Mario Strikers as disappointing as that game might be video on that later, as I sit here contemplating, I find myself less and less feeling like I need a new Switch. It's more of just a one. Now, maybe my tune changes in 2023. Maybe it changes in 2024 if we're still on this Switch. I don't know. And I'm not going to complain if one comes on, but I'll be really happy if a new Switch comes up. And from a business perspective, Nintendo needs one more than I think they do. Like business-wise, if I'm Nintendo, I release it because it makes too much sense. But from a gamer perspective, I get it. I get wanting better. I get wanting more. I also get why there's probably millions and millions of you that are just completely satisfied with Switch as is. Sure, I want new Joy-Cons and Hall-sensing sticks on them. Gully kits making ones you can replace now in your Joy-Con. That's amazing. I want a lot of things to get better, but I'm actually okay with the way things are. So I want to thank you guys so much for tuning in. If you enjoyed this video and want to continue the discussion down in the comments, I would definitely appreciate that.


Hi, everybody. Before we actually get into this speech, I wanted to give a quick explanation. Dr. Zage and Dolores Zage are supposed to be up here with me. They sent me an email on Friday saying, hey, by the way, we're not showing up. I was like, well, okay. I was like, why aren't you showing up? They're like, oh, our son's got to move to Sandia National Labs, so we're going to help them. DEF CON is not a big thing, so you can handle it.  So I was like, okay. Well, so basically, I added their email addresses at the last minute, so just, you know, that was the advice I got from some of the DEF CON goons. So, you know, you guys want to email them, whatever. Any of this stuff. But also, then they sent me yesterday. I was like, well, you know, this is based on 20 years of metrics research. And I did a lot of the security side of things, but not as much the metrics side of things. So I said, so how am I supposed to, you know, really do a good job explaining this? So they sent me their research papers. So then I was like, okay, 20 years of research papers. So I went through what I could, took notes, and, you know, basically get through the speech the best we can and answer your questions to the best of my ability. I have a pretty good understanding, but like I said, I would have preferred for them to be up here with me, but, you know, the speech must go on. So the presentation outline, we're going to, a quick overview of S-squared ERC. It used to be CERC, used to be the Software Engineering Research Center, Analysis Security and Software Engineering Research Center, and then, you know, get onto the actual metrics and the vulnerability analysis, which let me get through these. I've got some notes. This is going to be the first DEF CON speech that I actually have to take notes to. So basically, it's a National Science Foundation University Cooperative Research Center that, you know, it's funded by them, has a ton of universities, 10 plus, 50 researchers. It's all collaborative. We have projects, you know, any company, or you have government agencies, everybody else sponsors their projects, sponsors us to do research projects for them. The participating universities, I'm not going to read them off to you. You can see them. They're in the slides. They're on the CD. We have a ton of industrial, industrial affiliates. This is not really stuff that I care about as much. Okay, then here's the design metrics timeline. Like I said, it's about 20 years of metrics research. So it started in 1986, and I believe it all came out of Purdue University, is Dr. Wayne's age, his baby, from what I could tell, the first research paper they sent me was from Purdue. So I'm guessing that's where he did this, this research at. Let's go ahead. Okay, I guess they were going to click through, and this is really annoying. Okay, they got a Alexander Schwartz Koff Award for their research. Basically, I'm guessing they wanted that in here to say, hey, it's credible. Like I said, this is their content, so I have to basically stumble through some of it. Okay, here's some that actually get to the good stuff. Overview of the design metrics. These are the external view of design complexity. These are going to be the internal view of design complexity. Which is, you know, that's pretty much when we're looking, talking about faults in software, the more complex something gets, the more error prone it's going to be. So this is basically when they started this stuff, it's all goes back to, it was all just reliability. This is, you know, 20 years ago, nobody really seemed to care about security.  So it was all reliability was the focus for software when this research started. We look for outliers. Pretty much, you know, you have these modules that come up as very error prone, fault prone. That's what we're looking for. And there's all the people that have funded us. This actual project to actually take the reliability metrics and apply them to security was funded by army research labs. So let's get through. We've computed metrics on university based projects, computer science corporation, Stan Finn, systems from army research labs, Harris's rock project, Magnavox, PBX system, Northup Grumman. The stuff that I was actually part of is all the open source projects. So I didn't do metrics on these. These are Wayne and Dolores. Now on the results for the actual liability metrics, they have correctly identified in the worst case scenario, 76% of the defect prone modules. So that's in the worst case scenario.  It's almost always higher than that. Generally closer to 80 or 90%. So we're getting to some definitions of our external metric that you can see is inflows times outflows plus fan in and fan out. I'm going to go ahead and go over that nomenclature. So I'm not sure how standard it is. That's what I got from their papers inflows is basically any data coming into a module. It doesn't matter like to be parameter passing, global data, reading a file, any, any data coming in is going to be an inflow. So then an outflow is any data coming out of a module. So let's say like a file change, you know, if your module writes to a file, that would actually be considered an outflow or it could be passing something out, you know, anything that's coming out of that module's outflow. Fan in are going to be the modules that actually use the module focus. By module focus, it's the module you're trying to run primitives on. And I guess I should just to make sure to find what I mean by module is any addressable, callable piece of code. Because since, you know, on this reliability metrics, it's not limited to C or Java or Ada or Perl or any other language. So, you know, because languages are so different, we're just saying module is a callable piece of code. So any time I say module in this speech, that's what I'm referring to. So then fan in, like I said, is modules, account of the modules that use the module focus. So if you're saying we wanted to detect reliability in this module, how many modules call it? So that would be your fan in. Then your fan out would be how many modules does it call?  So let's go ahead and we're going to break that down to this part, in flows, out flows, fan in, fan out. Then we have an internal metric, which is, let's get through here. That's actually a measure of the internal complexity of a module. And what the equation for that is you have your central calls, your data structure manipulations, and your input output. Now W1, W2, W3, SMI was confused about, went back to the research papers. All those are is weight. So if you wanted to give more focus to data structure manipulations, then you could give W2 a weight of two or a weight of three. So for all of our metrics, unless if the actual, you know, the people funding us to run metrics request a specific weight, W1, W2, W3 is always one. Army research labs, the SMART project, the values of W1, W2, W3 were always one. Just to make that clear. So then let's get, sorry guys. So extending design metrics technology to a software security engineering process, really what we're, we're trying to say is like how do these actually apply, you know, reliably metrics to security? And looking at defect rates, a deployed software package of one million lines of code has 6,000 defects. So let's say if we assumed 1% of those defects are security vulnerabilities, there are at least 60 different opportunities for someone to attack a system that is a million lines of code. So really what we're saying is that, and I'll get into this a little bit later, is that the reliability faults, you're going to have security faults within those. So, you know, the majority is going to be, you have a ton of reliability faults, then a small number of those will actually be actual security faults. Let's get through here, and this is where I'm talking about. So you have your defects, and within that, some of that's actually exploitable. And that's kind of what we're, what we set out to prove when we did this project for the Army is to say that, yeah, these metrics that we've been using, you know, proven over 20 years for reliability can actually find security faults. So when you look at the parallels, you know, you have a fault-prone component that's likely to contain faults on the security side, vulnerability-prone component, which is likely to contain vulnerabilities. A failure-prone component is probably going to have failures in the field. That's the things you really want to get because that means your stuff is going to crash. So when we look at the security side, we say, well, then you're going to have attack-prone components, which means it's actually likely to get attacked in the field. And when we actually did an analysis on a large commercial telecommunication system, we found that the presence of security faults did correlate strongly with the presence of the general category of reliability faults. So when we saw that, that was kind of before this project, and that really led us to believe, well, we can use these metrics that, you know, have been used for stability and actually take our error-prone modules are most likely going to be, you know, vulnerability-prone. So our project objectives, we wanted to investigate the overlap, like I was saying, and see, like, how much overlap is there and will our system actually find, you know, vulnerable pieces of code. There's our systems that we did, Firefox, OpenCeleris, OpenSSH, and Drupal. And Apache, I don't know why I didn't have that on there. So pretty much we considered it would be really good if 50% of the components contained documented vulnerabilities would be identified.  So you have reported vulnerabilities. So what we did is gather all those reported vulnerabilities on these products and then run the metrics on those specific versions and say, okay, were we actually able to identify these, you know, error, or sorry, vulnerability-prone components? So that's the whole process basically is you take your system, then you build a list of all your vulnerabilities, what version of the code it was, and this is where I actually, my big part in this research project was I would take a report of a vulnerability and then say, okay, well what is actually causing that vulnerability? What's the actual vulnerable piece of code? Because that's really what you need to know because when you're doing, you know, your metrics and it gives you a specific module, you have to make sure you have to know where the vulnerabilities, you know, was or else you can't say if it actually identified it or not. I mean, if it says, hey Apache has a, you know, buffer overflow, it doesn't tell you exactly what module the buffer overflows in, it doesn't do you any good. So that was really my part was to find exactly where those vulnerabilities were. So then when they run the metrics code we could then say, okay, well the metrics actually identify all these. So there we have, you know, these are our CWEs, how many that we collected for the different versions. We did Open Solaris. I'm not sure what the version was on that. Firefox, we had 2.001, 2.002, 2.005, open SSH, HGPD, which I believe, excuse me, have the version numbers in just a second. So everybody knows what Apache is. I don't really need to go over this. For the vulnerabilities on version 1.3.1, you had 144 files, eight vulnerabilities identified. With the metrics, we actually had 87.5 percent or seven out of eight vulnerable modules were identified in the top 10 percent, which is a huge win for us. Because that's saying, you know, if you are a code auditor and you want to know where to look, then that's a huge win to tell you, if it says, hey, this is the top 10 percent and that's actually where the vulnerabilities were, then that's pretty good. I mean at least, you know, in my opinion. So there's a graph of actual some of the output. It shows, hey, these are the modules that are likely to be vulnerability prone. Open Solaris, I think everybody knows what that is. So we had 22,600 files, 23 module updates from vulnerabilities totaling 37 changes. Five is the largest number of changes on one module. So we wanted to identify 23 modules out of 22,600 modules and files, which is a approximately one in 10,000. So yeah, pretty tricky. So Dolores wrote some code for this that she calls her dividing conquer and let's see. There we go. So we actually got, she got that code to work and pick apart because I guess there's a lot of weird stuff in there that was messing up her preprocessor engine, but once she got that working, we had 60 percent or three out of five vulnerable modules and 69 percent or nine out of 13 changes were identified, which is pretty good. Not as good as all of our, you know, the reliability numbers, but for a system that complex with that much code, still felt it was, you know, pretty good results. Firefox, again, another description. Everybody knows what Firefox is. So we did a general analysis. We did a lot more on this one. They were a lot more interested in Firefox. The Army was, so I actually did multiple versions instead of just, you know, one specific version. And we had at least 51 percent and at most 86 percent of reported vulnerabilities were in data handling. So the data structure manipulation, which we talked about earlier, that was the best predictor of vulnerabilities in Firefox. So for that, what you would want to, or what we ended up finding is that that would be one of the times we thought if you're going to analyze web browsers, then you would want to give more weight to the DSM than to anything else. Open SSH, everybody knows what that is. We had a 3.8 P1, 31 vulnerable modules were identified, 18 of the 31 vulnerable modules were in the top 10 percent, which is again, I say pretty good. It makes your life a lot easier if you're looking for security bugs, if you can say the top 10 percent was actually accurate. And a tough thing with this research also is that there could be still, you know, unknown vulnerabilities in software. So when it gives you a top 10 vulnerable module, we're kind of basically all we can actually look at is the ones that have been identified. So there could be, you know, our numbers could actually be higher if there's unknown vulnerabilities in that top 10 percent that we could actually have much better numbers, but we don't know. We didn't actually do source code auditing and say, okay, well let's, you know, try to find exploits in Open SSH or Apache or anything like that. We were just looking at existing vulnerabilities and try to see if we could find those. Then we get over to Drupal, and that's a, it's actually new research is going on right now with the grad student named Zeeley. And Drupal's in PHP, so again, a different language. The other ones were all C, C++, and everybody knows what it is. So anyways, what we ended up finding with Drupal, well, some of my work is Dolores ended up naming it the Drupal Vulnerability Miner, but it was a lot easier than Firefox where I was like manually collecting this stuff. Actually just wrote a Perl tool that we called the Drupal Vulnerability Miner, and the Drupal community has an actual security site that's like really good about reporting the vulnerabilities and where exactly the vulnerabilities are located. So that whole thing, the Drupal Vulnerability Miner goes out and is able to just parse through that data and automatically generate what we needed. We have these Excel spreadsheets that show okay, this is the vulnerability, this is where it was in code, this is what caused it. So then when we go with our metrics, then we compare the two. So that was just something that I did that made things a lot faster. And on our PHP source code analysis, we're still designing, I'm not, but Dolores is still designing the PHP to XML tool so that she can, because basically we have this XML definition of a, it's a generic definition, so then let's say you had C or Java or PHP or Perl or whatever, you want to take that instead of actually like scanning through Perl, you actually have a parser that converts it into a standard XML definition and then the metrics run on that. So then basically if we need to add a new language for our metrics, we just write basically a parser that converts it over to this XML definitions, that way we're not language specific. I think they said like, maybe it was eight or ten years ago, one of the government people came to them and said, hey, we need to do ADA. So okay, well, we did do C, so this is the whole idea behind this, making it a little more generic. So after showing all that stuff on this project, the benefits that we felt, like I said earlier, is to know where your vulnerabilities reside. If you're doing, especially if you're, you know, you're on a team and you're trying to find if there are vulnerabilities in your code and you want it, you're trying to out of the source, it's very helpful to know where to start looking first. Now, of course you're skilled, we've talked to people from different sponsors and we're pretty good at it, but this was still helpful to them. They said it is beneficial, there's things that they may not, because they kind of have a pattern of what they look for and maybe stuff they don't usually look for and this helps with that. So pretty much being able to analyze all these different technologies, like you have your web server, open SSH, et cetera, et cetera, you can cover all of these scanners out there, we'll say, hey, I can look at C code and especially a lot of your static analysis that just says, you know, I can find, you know, it can find buffer overflows in C and that, you know, it's a specific thing that it's looking for, a very specific pattern that's very limited. So with ours, we're trying to say we can take all these different languages, you know, any language out there, we can take all these scanners and that works for you, but then let's say you, there's a all of a sudden for some reason your company decides to use OCaml and you're like, well, are there any OCaml, you know, vulnerability scanners? Well, probably not. So you could actually, you know, get the XML definition into our system, run metrics on it and it would show you the fault and vulnerability prone and identify other security weaknesses because, you know, like I said, we didn't identify 100% so we think there's, there should be metrics out there that will help to better find all those vulnerabilities and one thing, you know, they said when I was out here to ask is if anybody has any systems they want analyzed, then that would be something too, you could contact them and if you have some source services and all that stuff's no problem for anybody that has those and that's actually that's it. Go on to questions.