From Hollywood, it's time now for Johnny dollar Ben Gardley Johnny Amercon Northern Trust. Oh hi a Ben. What are you here from Wall Street save your money? What money money? I'm gonna crazy one Johnny. So naturally you thought of me nothing personal Look, it's a it's a trust setup cumulative endowment insurance rider big deal over a quarter million bucks Maybe half a million from home to home from a Mrs. Ezra Grimley widow to her granddaughter Susan Mrs. Grimley owns the Flint Rock Ranch in Nevada never heard of it our representative out there is Jonas Parks He's a president of the Flint Rock First National Bank never heard of it It's a whistle stop about 20 miles from Las Vegas that I've heard of Park started the deal rolling And then he got cold feet now is yelling for help thinks the old lady may be crazy I mean literally and there does seem to be a reasonable doubt unless Park's himself is crazy That's also a possibility Johnny Tonight and every weekday night Bob Bailey in the transcribed adventures of the man with the action-packed expense account America's fabulous freelance insurance investigator. Oh, it's truly Johnny dollar From special investigator Johnny dollar to the home office Amercon Northern Trust Company Hartford, Connecticut The following is an accounting of expenditure is during my investigation of the matter of reasonable doubt Item one hundred and fifty four dollars and forty cents transportation and incidentals Hartford, Las Vegas, Nevada Where I checked into a hotel and then phoned the local office of a national business and credit rating bureau that my client retained on a permanent consulting basis I asked for a rundown on Jonas Parks and got it an a1 set of references Parks had been a resident of Nevada for 32 years and president of the Flint Rock Bank for 17 He was regarded locally as a cautious investor of prudent financial advisor Scrupulously honest and as sound as a dollar a silver dollar crazy Hardly Item two thirty two dollars and fifty cents deposit and first-days rental on a drive-at-yourself hired car mileage Las Vegas to Flint Rock twenty three point six Item eyes building appraisal Flint Rock three bar casinos all needing paint one restaurant one general store Barbershop garage welding shop railroad depot also needing paint for dwellings And of course one bank Jonas Parks president What can I do for you young fellow? Well, my name is dollar. Mr. Parks Johnny dollar I'm a special investigator for Amercon and I'm here in regard to the Grimley Trust case No, I might have glad to know you mr. Dollar, and I don't mind telling you. I'm glad you got here Here pull up chair. Okay, sit down It's been a real odd day funny-looking clouds hanging off there toward the river Yeah, I noticed them driving out from town storm clouds That's what they are this time of year son in this neck of the woods It can happen anytime of the year cloud burst come up just like that and they're over just as fast Oh, that's very interesting. You're a hypocrite young fellow What makes you think so you didn't come clear across the country to hear a dissertation on Desert Storm So stop sitting there trying to pretend you're interested Whatever you say, Mr. Parks matter of fact, you weren't even half listening to me No as a matter of fact, I wasn't well What were you doing looking you over sizing you up come to any conclusions a couple such as Well in the first place, I'm inclined to discard the theory that you're crazy. That's what they told you in Hartford Well, they figure one of you is either you or mrs. Grimley. They do hey, and what is your second conclusion?  You're right. I was come to any conclusions mr. Parks. Yeah One such as that we'll probably get along together all right, you and me good good And suppose we're right the Grimley case No wonder they thought what they did. Maybe they're right. Maybe we are crazy both of us Well, as I understand it mrs. Grimley wanted to set up some kind of insured trust for her granddaughter You started the proceedings for her and then stopped cold and called for help. Yes, it's about what happened Well, why was she financially unable to carry out? Of course. She's able. I wouldn't need any outside help But that was the problem. She's been banking with me for mighty near 20 years.  Grimley is as sane as his belt At least I've always figured she was but confounded mr. Dollar. There's something wrong out at that branch. Oh, what do you mean? I?  I don't know. It's just a feeling you're kind of a hunch. Is that what you mean? Yes, you want to put it that way so I brought you clear out here from Hartford on a hunch go ahead Say it relax mr. Parks relax I've had hunches of my own and sometimes the horse is one, but I don't even know why I think something is wrong All right, what's the set about there at the ranch? What's the background? Mrs. Grimley is a widow her husband died about 14 years ago, and she stayed on afterward and ran the ranch Of course, her son had and his wife were there with her until three years ago and done most of the work And they moved out three years ago. No, you were killed an automobile accident This girl Susan that Mrs. Grimley wanted to set up the trust for is their daughter. She's going on 17 now Then the two of them live there alone. No, no, there's another couple Walter Grimley and his wife Hilda Walter's Mrs. Grimley's nephew sort of manages the ranch. There's a pretty good job of it, too Then that's the whole family Mrs. Grimley her nephew Walter and his wife and a granddaughter Susan That's the family or better or worse. Uh, mr. Parks Do you even have any idea as to what might be wrong? Not the slightest. You're on your own, son How did this trust business start? How did it come about? Miss Grimley came into town one day about two months ago and sprung it on me out of a blue sky First time she'd been in town nearly a year Did she say why she wanted to set up the trust? No She says it was nobody's business, but her own she's changed a lot in the last year She's not herself anymore and the trust was intended in its entirety for her granddaughter Susan That's right. Well then the next three years she wanted the whole estate transferred to the girl Let Susan know about it according to Mrs. Grimley. Nobody knew about it and she didn't want anybody to know All right, then you started the ball rolling and then you stopped her nephew Walter came in to see me last week He knew something was up and there was no use trying to lie to him when I told him what she was doing He said that she would never go through with it. So I went out to the ranch to see her laid all the cards on the table I told her what Walter'd said. Oh, it's a reaction. She said maybe he was right. Maybe she wouldn't go through with it Then she started rambling not even making sense talking about the auto accident and her son's death But before I left she told me again that I should keep pushing the trust yet it set up So you call for help. I call for help Well, I guess I'd better go talk to the lady. That's not going to be so easy. Why not? Walter won't let a stranger on the place You mean he's holding her captive. No, no, I think he believes he's losing her mind. He's trying to keep it quiet What do you believe mr. Parks? I don't know Well, maybe we can find out. I hope so just one thing who? Be careful of what I Don't know Jonas parks had one other suggestion that I pretend to be a special investigator for the cattleman's association. I agreed to try it Four miles from Flint Rock the narrow ranch road left the plateau and began climbing up through the broken bluff country A mile and a half from the ranch house I pulled out the choke flooded the engine and let the car cough to a stop the old out of gas gimmick And about ten minutes later. I was wishing I thought of some other plan When Park said cloud burst he wasn't exaggerating the rain came down in sheets in 60 seconds I was soaked through and in another two minutes the dry ground was a muddy bug I kept on walking or trying to walk on the footing got worse By then I'd had it or at least I thought I had Hit the mud rolled into a pile of boulders and pulled my gun man was riding slowly toward me on a horse holding a rifle over his Arm I edged down between the rocks took a sight on him and waited He dismounted and walked toward me carrying the rifle carelessly Apparently thought he dropped me and let him get within 12 feet All right hold it drop that rifle get your hands up. I said drop it What's the idea? Well, that's a good question. Only I'm the one to ask it the trespassing We've been losing cattle. So I've heard you What do you mean you've heard I'm an investigator for the cattleman's association Are you Walter Grimley? Yeah, that's right What do you expect to find sneaking in here on foot this way? Now what I did find at least Look, I've got a car back there on the road. I ran out of gas. I Understand the owner of the Flint Rock is a Mrs. Ezra Grimley. He's my aunt. I like to see her I'm afraid that's impossible. Why? What's your name dollar Johnny dollar? Mr. Dollar go back to your car and wait I'll send some gasoline from the house.  It was clear perfectly clear and at this point I wasn't ready to force the issue So I conducted an orderly strategic withdrawal and short I went back to the car the rain stopped before I reached it And a few minutes later a station wagon came lumbering down the road from the ranch and break to a stop a few yards away The girl who came toward me carrying a five gallon gasoline can was a living little doll a daffodil as perky and bright as a brand new Hello there. Hi. I'm Susan Graham Lee and you're mr. Dollar and you're out of gas and I've got some for you Well here. That's pretty heavy. Let me take that. No, just stand back and avoid the splash I'm an old-hand at this in fact, I'm a chronic empty tanker myself and I What's the matter out of gas are you? Big deal, huh that tank is almost full. Yeah. Well, there's no use lying to you. I suppose nope I'm too smart. I see another thing. You're not with the cattleman's association, mr. Dollar. I'm not nope I Think you're here to dig up the past Because of what has happened and what might be going to happen all of that huh? Yep, and you know what? I think it's just fine and dandy you do you bet I do I Loved my dad. I loved him more than anything They knew what he always did when he got mad sure they knew I figured it out a long time ago Like to tell me about it Susan. You'll find out mr. Dollar. I Think you're the kind of a man who smashes into things right into the middle and break some wide open Be careful though. Oh Because you know something You're smashing into a bomb Now here's our star to tell you about tomorrow's intriguing episode of this week's story tomorrow The dead pass speaks in a musty morgue or tries to and a living lady gets cozy or tries to really tries to Join us. Won't you yours truly? Johnny dollar Or is truly Johnny dollar starring Bob Bailey is transcribed in Hollywood written by Les Crutchfield It is produced and directed by Jack Johnstone Be sure to join us tomorrow night same time and station for the next exciting episode of yours truly Johnny dollar Roy Rowan speaking


So we got only sluts like I was telling you guys the only fan only sluts is basically only sluts right if you go It's interesting because if you take any population of women, right? You're always gonna have a mixture right you got your super hose your super thoughts and then kind of a you know Degrees and degrees less of that up to good girls and stuff like that right and only fans. This is a hundred percent sluts I mean, I don't know how many millions of women are honored or whatever, but I'd be hard You'd be there's not a single girl in there.     This is not okay Now is there always gonna be a segment of the population in a free society that does you like this? Of course, I'm okay with that, but it should be a small percentage of the population like it traditionally has been right You know the old saying is that prostitution is the oldest profession in the world the oldest career.   They have a notch count like over a hundred hundred fifty This stuff's pretty common these girls get banged up.   Maybe in the end. There'll be some positive outcomes. I'm hopeful like some of our other speakers But there's still a lot of pain coming.


Hello and welcome to this session. This is Professor Farhad in which we would look at a prepaid adjustment or a prepaid exercise that's going to illustrate the concept of prepaid assets or prepaid insurance. Let's go ahead to take a look at this problem to see how we solve a problem like this. So the question is, what is the total amount of insurance paid by Adam Company during year two? Now this exercise initially looks very intimidating. But once we break it down into various pieces, you will see as long as you understand the basics, you should be good to go on the CPA exam. So let's look at the problem. Adam's accounting system debit all insurance to prepaid. Simply put, we have a prepaid account. I'm going to abbreviate it as PP prepaid. For interim financial reports, Adam adjust monthly estimated charges to insurance expense with a credit to insurance to a credit with credits to prepaid insurance. Simply put, when we need to adjust our financial statements, what's going to happen is this, we are going to credit, we're going to credit prepaid insurance. And obviously the prepaid insurance becomes insurance expense, it expires additional information for the year ended December 31st year two is as follow.  Okay, let's take a look at what we have prepaid insurance at December 31st year one. So this is at the end of year one, which is the beginning of year two. Simply put, the beginning balance is 100,000 charges to insurance expense during year two is 430. It means we reduce prepaid by 430,000. If we reduce it, if we credited prepaid, that means it went to insurance expense, we expensed this amount. And this included the year and adjustment. That's fine prepaid insurance at December 31st year two is 120. And basically we end up the account the year with 120,000. And the question is, what was the total amount of insurance premium paid? Remember, every time we buy insurance, we debit prepaid insurance. So simply put, what the question is asking us is, what was the amount that we purchased here? Because think about it, if you have 100,000 of prepaid and you credited 430, you must have purchased some amount. So simply put, this becomes a simple financial accounting one on one equation, which is the beginning balance of 100,000 plus what you purchased minus what you used should equal to your ending prepaid insurance. Simply put, so here's what we're looking at 100,000 plus x, which is we don't know minus 430 equal to 120. Now solve for x. Now if we solve for x, x should be 450,000. So the answer should be 450,000. And you could always confirm this, you can take 100,000 plus 450 minus 430 should give us 120. And this is how we know how much we how much we paid for insurance. Now what should you do? How should you learn these adjustments? Go to farhatlectures.com or I have additional questions plus additional illustration that's going to show you how to approach problems on the CPA exam. Now on the exam itself, you could have A, B, C, D and you could have four answers. And the answer will be there. Or I can turn I can turn this exercise into an intimidating simulation by rather than telling you prepaid was 100,000. I can show you for example, the journal entries, I can show you the general ledger for prepaid and showing you its 100,000 charges to insurance expense 430. I don't give you this information. I'll either give you the journal entry or I'll give you the general journal, a copy of it. Or I could also tell you the prepaid insurance, I can give you everything in the form of a journal or a general journal for the prepaid insurance and you'll have to figure things out or you could be given this information as clean as in this exercise. Regardless, once you understand how to approach a prepaid asset problem, they all work the same way. Now this prepaid could be prepaid rent, this prepaid could be supplies. So supplies is a form of prepaid, this prepaid could be prepaid insurance, prepaid interest, any old prepaid work the same way. I hope this is helpful. Good luck, study hard, visit farhatlectures.com for additional material and stay safe.


This is covering the spread part of the fan dual podcast network We have got some awesome conference games coming up this week across college football Clemson Wake Forest, Florida, Tennessee Wisconsin, Ohio State a lot of fun games a lot of conference games in the doctor We're gonna break those down Let you know what to bet within those games and the best bets across week four in college football This is covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network and number fire calm My name is Jim Sonness. I am a senior writer and analyst for number fire calm joined here as I am each Wednesday by Dr Ed Feng you can find his work at the power rank calm and find him on Twitter at the power rank and Ed I gotta ask you There was a video this week on Twitter about a new walk-on recruiter Penn State named Chad Powers Can your numbers account for a walk-on coming out of nowhere looking suspiciously like Eli Manning? you know, how do you adjust for a alleged Hall of Fame quarterback walking on in disguise at college Hall of Fame is a little bit of a push which I mean I said alleged, you know I if you throw the word alleged in there, you can say whatever you want. That's the rule. It's exactly I mean, I argue I argue that point with my Giants friend Fan all the time about the merits of Eli Manning But yeah, if you were gonna put some analytics on it, you know, you would have to understand the velocity of his rocket arm Which I thought was pretty apparent from the video But it didn't seem like anyone from the Penn State. Well, I mean Franklin knew but yeah, like anyone. Oh Franklin knew Oh Yes, you gotta write you gotta watch the right clip. Yeah, so I watched the short one And what we're talking about is there's this this thing that Eli Manning did He did like a tryout of Penn State did a walk-on using like a weird like nose Makeup and stuff like that and like worked out as this guy named Chad Powers and Slares the clip that I saw The only clip you see a Franklin is Franklin yelling at the guy for running a five four and nine in the 40-yard dash And I was like, oh, wow, like he's he's given this guy this walk-on grief You know, I didn't realize that Franklin knew he knew so okay. Okay, go to Twitter search up Chad Powers and There is you want to you want to look for the one with Omaha Productions because it's God tells the bar story and yeah I think it gets into a little bit of the makeup artists that help Eli pull off being 26 year old Chad Powers home school by his mom and You know, there's an even longer one on YouTube, which is also worth checking out Anyways, this is a pretty good laugh. If you want some something entertaining Tonight, please go please go check that out Well, one thing I was curious about was like they're not curious about this guy who looks like super old trying to walk on a Quarterback, then I remember that Shawn Clifford is like also 26 effectively I think he's like 22 but like he's been there for a decade So I guess that probably makes it a little bit less weird to have this super old guy at quarterback I mean, that's kind of funny that a 22 year old guy is so old this day and age and in big-time college football, but Yeah, I mean it was fun. It was fun. So yeah, think fast run fast think fast run fast Think think well bet well, maybe we can go with that. We'll try to work that in here somewhere throughout the show for today We're gonna break down week four from a college football perspective Let you know what Ed's numbers are saying about this week and much more But first a reminder to make sure you are subscribed to covering the spread wherever you get your podcast We are here every weekday both on the covering the spread podcast feed and on the fangirl YouTube page So go subscribe there if you want video version But also check out the covering the spread podcast feed to get our NFL and college football podcast as they go live each and every day Twisted tea and fangirl have joined forces to bring you a one-of-a-kind Contest series that gives you a chance to compete for your share of thousands of dollars inside credit Introducing twisted teas college football picks a sports betting focused contest series that is entirely free to play The contest is simple each college football game will be assigned money lines spread in total markets With aside points to each market like to do is make six selections based on these three markets and earn points for each correct Selection you made if at the end of the day your score ranks among the best in the contest You'll be eligible for your share of site credit head over to fandewald.com Slash twisted tea picks one word fandewald.com slash twisted tea picks and make your picks and reminder Please drink responsively. Let's dig in now in to week number four We got some big conference games this week across all the big conferences But the problem is a lot of these teams been facing off in non-conference play for the most part thus far and One thing I've always liked about your model is that I feel like it does a very good job of accounting for Strength the schedule. So I want to go through that process for people who may be new listeners here What do you do to account for the wildly different schedules teams have played thus far when trying to Project how they perform against different levels of competition There's two different ways that that happens in my model. So my primary model right now just it essentially just teams based on how they performed in games and It accounts for strength schedule because it has some baseline expectation for how you are expecting those teams to play in that previous game so, you know the one interesting example when Vanderbilt Vanderbilt went out to to really beat Hawaii in week zero You know that made a pretty significant adjustment the markets, you know favorite Vandy I think I have a game closer to a pick. So you just get a huge adjustment in favor of Vandy you get a you know a huge adjustment against Hawaii and It's all relative to what I thought before that. I actually bring that up because that's an example of a game in which I'm not sure the adjustment was done correctly simply because why it has is terrible They're trying to rebuild Vandy is probably not particularly good as we've seen in the subsequent weeks so it doesn't always necessarily get it right, but that's basically what I'm trying to do the the strength of schedule so far is is baked into what we expect to be forehand and That's in the preseason prior. That's something I feel very good about I'm pretty sure the preseason prior is You know about as good as you can get heading into the season with the different components that I have in there And then you're adjusting that based on what you see and and you do have to do that in college football because Things change very rapidly and you need to adjust on teams Nebraska maybe being the the primary example there The other thing I do is I have an algorithm that adjusts for strength of schedule So this is something I developed based on my PhD work long long time ago And this is kind of how I got into sports analytics about a decade ago And you can do this with just about anything I started with margin victory in games and I use my algorithm to adjust for strength of schedule And you can do that for the first three point whatever weeks of the season Whatever you count week zero as and there was also kind of complete garbage It's just a lot of noise and points right now I was kind of shocked that Georgia was only second in those numbers because you know, they had really beaten up on Oregon and Oregon I really beaten up on BYU USC's the you know the best team in the nation according to that right now, which is probably not true Which is almost certainly not true. So there's there's a lot of noise in that I also have some numbers with success rate adjusted for strength of schedule and while it's still very noisy over a three-week sample It is less noisy. And so there are some insights there and we'll get into a couple of those today when we when we talk about these games It's interesting that you're like your PhD research actually like translates to sports betting I guess like it makes sense that like having a math PhD would be useful here, but I guess I didn't realize how Directly it translates the stuff you still use today Yeah learning a lot of math is always gonna be useful I try to tell us anyone that will listen to me You never know I mean, there's a long history of pure mathematics that a hundred years later ends up getting applied to something I was pretty lucky that I was able to you know do my work in a field That was heavily into randomness and applied probability and that kind of naturally worked itself into sports but yeah, I guess it's fortuitous and You know still taking advantage of it. So going back to the Vandy Hawaii example The assumption that the model makes then is that it's bi-directional where it was too low on Vandy too high on Hawaii And then as the season goes along it kind of can better suss out which direction it was wrong and kind of tailor that is that correct Nah, not really still bi-directional regardless. Yeah. Yeah. No I mean it assumes that if you're off on a game that you give equal contribution to both teams That may or may not be correct You can imagine if you know if you played a team that the quarterback gets injured in the first quarter sure Then that should change things, right? So Ultimately, I think the solution to that is going in and going through every game and making manual adjustments That's not something I'm doing yet with with my college football stuff. I just kind of let it run But there's always room for improvement That's what we talked about the NBA, you know doing that for accounting for which players were in which players are out How much the spread accounted for those players being in and out stuff like that But a lot tougher when there are 120 teams to account for it to Account for every single person who may miss being there So let's now dig into some games and talk about potentially some adjustments as you alluded to starting off with Clemson at Wake Forest Clemson seven and a half point favorite here total is 55 and a half and Clemson did cover Against Georgia Tech. So talking about the error there The point differential actually was probably in line with what you were expecting But the route to get there was odd offense didn't seem to be fully on Had they done enough the past two weeks to give you confidence in Clemson here? What's your feel on this game? No, uh Nothing Clemson has done is has given me a bunch of confidence who I don't remember who they were playing last week But it it was close until Clemson was able to pull away late. I think they covered still So on the scoreboard they look fine and some of my justice success rate numbers it is is not good and Talking to people who've dug into the tape a little bit more. It doesn't really seem like the offense has figured it out and you know, they're sticking with dj uber lele and that might not be the best decision and It's one of these things where you know, like when I look at my justice success rate The defense is actually not looking good. It's not top 10. It's actually more close to fps average And there I kind of say I kind of wave my hands and be like, you know, small sample size I'm not sure enough on the bed on the defensive side of the ball there. Let's let's wait a couple more games Uh to see what is going on with that But on offense, you know, you if there wasn't going to be a change You kind of would hope to expect to see it right now and I simply don't This game is uh, it's a little it's a little bit hard to model It's a little bit hard to handicap simply because we don't know what's going on with Clemson's offense We don't see the improvement in the number. So there's a big question mark there and wake forest, uh, the prior At least parts of the prior assume that san harman the quarterback was going to be gone for a significant part of the season He got injured. He had a blood clot issue in his leg and then all of a sudden he comes back after, you know, missing a week or two and You know, it's kind of hard for You know the model to kind of catch up to that right? So it's certainly picking up on things that hey, you know The offense is doing a lot better The model has Clemson by nine. I'm not sure I necessarily believe I'm not sure I would I would not bet this game based on that I think uh, this is one that you want to trust the markets on and You know Clemson by seven and a half sounds about right. I wouldn't be surprised if uh, wake forest wins this game We talked to parker, uh Parker a couple weeks ago about how his model adjusts for changes in coaching staffs and we talked about this a lot Last year with north western where they lost my kank wits and the defense collapsed Do you think there's a shot? We're seeing that with Clemson with Brett Venable is being gone now because obviously he's the best there was the best defense coordinator in football Do you think that could be an impact here or is it too soon to tell and you don't want to react into that assumption? Yeah, I think it's too soon to tell from everything that I read preseason They have an immense amount of talent on the defensive side of the ball And we expect them to be a top five unit like they have been every single season For as long as anyone can remember So, you know, is it going to fall off without menables? Maybe but let's let's wait until week six to to make that assessment Yeah, well to see uh Parker Fleming was the guy we talked to at stats of war on twitter. He was talking about the Changes in coaching staffs back then. Let's dive in now the college game day game of this week It is florida at Tennessee Tennessee attended the half point favorite total of 62 and a half and Florida did get that huge win back in week one, but they struggled since then so ed When you look at them when you go at they done so far, can they bounce back here and cover a 10 and a half point spread against Tennessee? I think it's a tall order. I mean, they've really looked pretty terrible in the subsequent games They lost to kentucky where the offense had some anemic success rate Uh, which is just really not what you want when you have a quarterback like Anthony Richardson Uh, and they were only able to beat south florida by three points. I think they were a 23 point favorite or something like that so Uh, my models really downgraded them Since the beginning of the season since that utah win I think the jury is still a little bit out on Tennessee. Uh, they beat up on a couple of bad mac teams and then needed overtime to beat pit a team that I I wasn't particularly high on this pre season. So i'm not exactly sure what's going on there and also in that pit game You know keaton's flow has got hurt and the backup played for a significant part of that game as well You know the numbers really like tennessee's offense um, and hendon hooker's been been pretty good and uh, I don't know. I think the jury's still out about their defense But you know when you put it all together My model has tennessee by 13 in this game and the action network said this line opened up at tennessee minus four and a half Which I cannot personally verify. I know there were eight and a halves Uh on sunday Um, I I know that I bet a little bit of nine and a half. I would still lean Uh, I would still lean towards tennessee at minus 10 and a half, but the number's getting high Probably gets even a little bit higher. Uh, but probably a lot of value is not There's certainly not as much value now as it was on sunday Now it's not that tough when I know that there's a better number available previously to like to bet into it But but if it's still showing two and a half points of value like that's not a bad number Is it a hesitance to think that the model is overreacting to florida's rough couple weeks or What kind of is it just knowing you had a better number earlier? I mean florida clearly has talent and so maybe they come and decide to play and then tennessee's defense Looks more like they did the second half of the year last year instead of the first half of the year Uh, you know all kinds of things come into play. I mean, I would still lean towards tennessee at this number um But obviously don't love it as much as I did earlier Right for sure. Okay, so let's finish up here with wisconsin at ohio state ohio state now an 18 and a half point favorite That number is at 19 some places as well So could keep on moving it was 17 and a half yesterday afternoon now 18 and a half total is 56 and a half and Wisconsin had the stumble against washington state They did bounce back with a route last week, but it seems like the betting public skeptical Or at least enthusiastic about ohio state. Uh, what's your view of this match up here with the number now at 18 and a half in favor ohio state ohio state came into the season with a lot of questions on the defensive side of the ball and The success rate numbers actually like that side of the ball so far Still a small sample size, but it looks like they're at least going to be better on that side of the ball and You know the unit that actually ranks the worst for ohio state is their pass offense Uh right now they're 59th in in the country and adjusted success rate and that's clearly wrong That's clearly a small sample size and a lot of that is like they didn't really have a good performance against Notre Dame Notre Dame we expect to have a good defense, but they completely Like suck the next week against marshal and so, you know between those two games. That's really Screwing up what we're seeing in the adjusted success rate numbers And as much as I tell you that these will converge faster to the truth than than anything else Uh, you know, it's probably going to take till week six to to really figure this out Wisconsin, you know, obviously had that terrible game, you know losing to washington state You know the defensive numbers don't look good right now. They look more like fbs average Which is not what we expect out of wisconsin They've they've usually always been great on that side of the ball. The front seven is particularly good. It looks like they They used a lot they use the transfer portal to fill in slots in the secondary and at the quarterback position and um You know, that's that's not a good place to have your weakness in the secondary against Ohio state. So You know, my number actually puts this at 20 over 20 So maybe a little bit value at 18 and a half um, obviously it was better when it was 17 and a half earlier this week, but uh It's always uh, you know, we'll talk about this later in another game, but When when you're looking at a big spread like this Obviously it's easier if you believe in the offense to to want to lay that number and uh, yeah, you're more likely to do it because because we We know how state has pretty explosive offense and and we do expect to see that And how much do you think that the jackson smith and jigba injury may have played a role in the issues Ohio state had because it seems like in that when he when he first got hurt It did seem to have a big impact. Um, obviously they've rebounded nice healthy as well Do you think that that could have an impact too and kind of dragging things down for Ohio state Potentially indicate that there's more value than your numbers may indicate on the 18 and a half at this point Yeah, I mean, I think it's always Going to be bad to lose the most talented receiver in the nation Yeah, but on the other hand, I just don't think Ohio state played that well Yeah, I think I think that would they just didn't play that well and if they play up to their ceiling They're going to be just fine Okay, so as of right now some value still on a tennessee minus 10 and a half and a bit of value Not as much on ohio state minus 18 and a half versus wisconsin for this week Let's open up the board here ed. Where else you see in value across college football me for Yeah, i'm actually going to stay home in and over here and um I actually like maryland to cover 17 points here So we have a michigan team that has looked good Quote unquote good, but they have played You know two of the bottom five teams in the nation and in connecticut and hawaii and a colorado state team that You know is not cracking the top 100 um So I you know and I think like as good as they looked as good as Well, basically as good as they looked the competition Goes up significantly this week against maryland This is a team that kind of had some question marks on defense But we know that you know, we expected them to be pretty good on offense and You know the wide receiver the receiver room should be Probably the second best unit in the big 10 behind behind ohio state. Um, you know My model has really adjusted them up and I think the main reason why like maryland in this game is is just how big The number is it's 17, you know, my model has the closer to 14 and I think it's going to be hard for a michigan team. I mean michigan's going to have to show a lot on offense to Cover that kind of number could they do it sure and I'd be happy to be wrong about this But at the end of the day like I'm not sure that this receiving group is great I think they're I you know, I think the receivers have been okay over the last couple years and I think they need to be I think we need to see more from the receiver groups and from jade and macarthur For for me to believe that they're going to cover 17 points. I think michigan wins this game But I can kind of see it being closest at halftime, you know, maybe they pull away But um, yeah, I'll take maryland plus points here You think that the mccarthy factor in this is kind of lending itself towards a tighter game because it seems like With the way they tend to play when he's in there. It's a bit more I don't want to say it's not conservative, but it does seem as though it's more conducive to Unders to lower scoring games that's less conducive to a bigger spread. Do you think that a mccarthy led offense is Better for this kind of situation because it'll keep things tighter. What's your view of of this kind of new style of offense they've got I mean, I'm not sure it's more conservative under mccarthy.  It's pretty interesting. He was 101 to win the heisman Uh preseason took five snaps week one and went up to 60 to one to win the heisman and at some point I think last week he was 20 to one. Yeah, he's kind of fallen down a little bit since then Um, but he's 30 right now Yeah, yeah, so he fell down. I think I think I saw him at 25 on fan duel at some point. Um but Someone out there was betting him before we saw many snaps this year and he clearly hasn't high upside Yeah, and honestly, it's not like I think he's looked pretty good And I think, you know of anyone that's going to adapt to playing against big competition It's going to be him because he just clearly has the physical capabilities in terms of the leiticism in terms of his big arm I need to see this from the receivers. Um, I mean, I've been talking for you Even even all through last year that I just I'm not sure that michigan's receivers are that good And you know, I think for them to cover 17 points, the receivers need to be good and we'll see if that happens Yeah, I think I mean the thought process in mccarthy might be that he's because he's more likely to run It might keep the clock running more which is conducive to a slower game overall Slower games tend to be conducive to more, you know, tighter spreads lower scoring games Even if he's more efficient and like better That could be the thought process there for maryland potentially covering a bigger spread Just because if the clock runs more often that could potentially Benefit them as well But we haven't had we haven't seen him have to run much because the scores have been so lopsided I'm curious What those numbers look like in a tighter potentially tighter game on saturday as well Also fandal did post the ohiova stavers in michigan spread for november. Do you have a guess? Have you seen this yet? Yeah, I mean I was looking at my numbers. I think right now In columbus, I'd probably make ohiova state like 11 or 12 points favorite 10 and a half right there. Yeah So, yeah, I'd probably take a nibble at 10 and a half Ohio state at this point Especially if you think that they cover big against wisconsin I think now would be the time to get that potentially before we see movement If you think that ohio state covers this week in michigan does not kind of thinking the way your your model works Adjustments and stuff like that. It'd be better to bet it now If you think both those events occur Yeah, I mean, I mean we could be sitting here in a week and talking about oh well I was wrong about michigan the receivers are great and they they covered the number But I will also say, you know, I was talking to eddie walls yesterday in my podcast. He's a professional sports better and his uh His knowledge of college football is is immense and it was interesting to hear him say that he actually didn't think that michigan's secondary was that good And I've actually been under the assumption that that might have been one of the stronger parts of the defense And they certainly have been playing well. I'll be it against, you know, pretty bad competition But after that conversation, I went back and looked and I was like, oh, you know One of the guys I thought was back is actually not back. Yeah Cornerback vinson gray. So I completely goofed on that in my podcast yesterday. So please call me out on that And they are playing a converted wide receivers or slot corner and You know a couple guys that a couple corners that were back last year, but also no dax hill and you know It remains to be seen who's going to rush the passer against An offense with a pulse. So That's another reason. Um, I like this game is I mean, that's another reason You know that I like maryland and I believe in my numbers here, you know They they have a pretty good receiving core and and uh, I think that's secondary. I'll get a test That's another reason to be correlated to the Ohio State game because of the receiving talent They have an Ohio State the necessity they'll have in rushing the passer So those bets could potentially be correlated as well With the uh, Ohio State minus 10 and a half for the game later on this year That's all we got here for today on the college football version of covering the spread But eddie we're talking about your podcast. I'm talking about a guest you had on there Where people find that and all the rest of your work Yeah, so uh catch my podcast at the football analytic show. I had eddie walls who's a pro sports better college football mba and uh, he's also works with raz ryan angle sports um, which is is one of Only two places that you should ever consider buying picks from One of only two places that's ever done it Really the right way and it was I honestly kind of intimidating talking to someone with such an immense knowledge of college football I think my knowledge of college football is pretty good, but uh Yeah, the man really knows the stuff. It was pretty clear Why he's a pro After talking with them. So yeah, honestly great conversation talked a bunch about music at the end as well so check that out at the football analytic show anywhere you get your podcasts and then also, um Check out my uh sports betting email newsletter. You can get that at thepowerrank.com One of the things I write about games that I bet but I also we also I also put together I'm still doing we because every regards you seven nuggets on saturday but it's mostly me these days and It was interesting to see other media organizations. Uh use the term nuggets recently So I was texting with edward about that, but uh catching on I try on saturday like not to make it about me I certainly put links to podcasts that i've done Put links to this show as well But uh, I try to make that about other people and what other people are thinking So I think people really like that. So check that out at thepowerrank.com You mentioned the football analytic show. I've got my football analytic show mug Uh, I made an appearance in my wife's instagram story. I believe last week I made a cappuccino in our new espresso maker and so the football analytic show mug made an appearance that A cameo there. So it's going worldwide is very exciting. I think it was the story I'm not sure how to check a story on instagram. I've been told you can do it somehow But I don't know instagram very well. So yeah, you gotta like click you got to click on the logo Someone someone someone younger than me was showing me this I think I posted a thing accidentally last week when I was at a work event as my story when I meant to post As like a post. Yeah, I don't know. I'm old. I'm like I'm outdated if it's not twitter. I can't use it. So We're figuring that out. But the the football analytic show is becoming instagram famous. So Remember me when you get famous from all these instagram stories ed Find ed on twitter at the power rank. Check out his podcast the football analytic show and check out his E-known newsletter by going to thepowerrank.com. I am on twitter not instagram I am there, but don't bother. I'm on twitter at jim sonnis j i m s a n n e s tomorrow We're breaking down nfl week number three with ryan williams going to be a blast We got player props coming up friday as well. Should be good rest of the week We'll talk to you all then this has been covering the spread right here on the fan dual podcast network


28th lecture in the course design and engineering of computer systems. So in this lecture we have finally seen all the building blocks needed to design computer systems and in this lecture we will begin to understand how to do end to end application design. So let us get started. So real world systems are built as what are called multi-tier applications. You know that is you have multiple tiers or components that are distributed across several machines. You do not have everything built as just one big monolithic component on one system but it is distributed across different machines. So for example, you know you might have clients, you know users of a computer system access the computer system that is hosted either you know within the organization or on some public cloud anywhere the system can be hosted. And then the first component that clients interact with are what are called front end components like you know web servers or something that receive the users request. Then this web servers may not know how to process all types of a request. So all the logic, all the business logic of an application you will not write in just this web server itself. Instead there will be multiple different application servers. You know there need not be just one, there could be many application servers. You know each of which can handle a certain type of request, a certain functionality. And these front end servers will talk to these different application servers, get back the responses and send it back to the client. And these application servers also may contact there could be other databases you know which actually store application data. So all of these app servers might be talking to databases to you know store and retrieve data. So this is these databases are typically called the back end. So in this way real computer systems have multiple tiers or multiple layers. You have a front end then you have the application servers where all the actual business logic resides then you have database servers in the back end. Of course there are many different variations on the simple characterization but this is at a high level how real systems look like. So for example if you consider an e-commerce application you know something that we have been referring to many times in this course.  And there could be different application servers that are managing different functionality for example you could there could be one server to you know manage all the products one server to manage your shopping cart one server to do purchases for billing all of that all of these different functionality could be handled by different servers. And then you could have multiple databases you know one database to store the product information one database to store the users order history or profile right. So you have different front ends different application servers different databases all of which are working together to produce and some functionality of say you know e-commerce to the user ok. So in the beginning we have seen what is a computer system it is a set of computers that are providing some common functionality to the user and this computer system now I hope you can visualize the internals of it it has multiple different components that are together doing some common work for the user ok. So the next question comes up how do you decompose these applications how do you build a system composed of these multiple components how do you design it. So before we answer that question let us answer the why you know why do you need to build an application in a modular fashion by now I think the answer should be clear to you it is in general easier to design develop optimize if you have many smaller components each component can be built independently can be tested independently can be optimized for performance reliability independently and then you can put all of these together that is easier than just writing you know million lines of code in one program ok. So all of us understand the benefits of modularity the other reason is it is also easier to maintain a system you know as your system runs for many days maybe some components need some replacement upgrading something fails all of this is easier if your system has multiple different components instead of everything in one big file ok. So therefore modularity is critical for large systems now the question comes up how do you modularize an application I have this large system that I want to build how do I know which are the components how do I split it into modules ok. So I will in this lecture I will try to provide some very general guidelines of course there are many different ways of doing it these are not hard and fast rules but at a high level very simple ideas you can use to modularize applications I will try and describe now ok. So the first thing that you have to do is identify what are the functionalities that your system should provide you know list down all the different things that you want your system to do and to satisfy all of these functionalities you have to maintain some data you know like if you want to if you are an e-commerce website you might have to maintain information about products about users about orders all of that you have to maintain. Then the next thing you do is identify one type of data plus all the functions that run on that data package them together and make that into one logical component. For example the product catalog all the list of products in an e-commerce website and all the functions on that product like you know adding products buying products returning products whatever it is all of those functions on this data are implemented together in one component ok. In this way you can split your functionality into multiple components and of course again within a component also a component can be providing multiple functions right. For example the component managing your product catalog would be providing many functions like you know adding products to it buying products deleting products all of that there could be multiple functions and these different functions can further be decomposed this component can further be decomposed into smaller components that is usually called microservices you know each bigger logical component can have smaller microservices providing different functionality ok. These microservices can be processes or threads or container or something ok. You have a bigger component in that component a functionality to add new products to buy products to return products to search for products all of these different functions can be implemented as separate sub components or microservices within a bigger component and these microservices can be processes threads whatever right. So in this way you can hierarchically design an application you know start with the bigger functionality split it into logical components and each component you can split into sub components and all of these components need to interact with each other via well defined interfaces or APIs ok. So the purpose of modularity is you should not know how a component is implemented. So every component will just expose a certain interface and everybody else should be able to access a component using this interface or this API. For example the component that manages your product catalog can expose an API to add buy return search products whatever it can expose an API it can expose different functions and other component should not go and you know access this product catalog directly or mess with the code of this component in any way you should be able to access the functionality of the component using only this API ok. So that is how to design an application identify the logical components identify the sub components and then identify the interfaces between all of these. So let us take a simple example of an e-commerce system to actually run through this entire process of application design you know how you go about modularizing a computer system. So let us start with the functional requirements of an e-commerce application. So suppose you want to build a simple e-commerce system of course real life systems have lot of complexity I will just consider what is the bare minimum requirements that you need to build an e-commerce system. First you need to have you know some way for users to create accounts authenticate login profile information building information all of that has to be managed. Then every e-commerce system will have like some bunch of products in a catalog ok and you want to let suppliers or vendors add products to this catalog then you want users to be able to search for the available products using some keywords ok and then user should be able to add whatever products that they want to buy into a shopping cart and then check out the shopping cart you know pay the bill for all the items you know do some online payment for all the items in your shopping cart and you know provide some shipping address and have you know there are these products in your cart you bill them and you ship them all of this functionality the users want to do. And of course once you have placed an order you might want to keep your history of your orders because you know in the future when you get a product you may not like it you may want to return it ok all of this you have to support. And of course the other thing that a lot of systems today do is they recommend they say oh if you have purchased these products maybe you might want to consider looking at this product also you know for their own revenue stream in the future. So such things also you may want to support right. So this is all the functional requirements that an e-commerce system has very simply e-commerce system may have to support. Now let us see how we can you know start modularizing this system. You know we should group together some data and the functions of the data for example you can say I will have one component for managing my product catalog and all the functions to add products from the supplier search buy return all of these functions will be handled by the product component ok. Then you can say I will have a user profile data all of that is managed in another component you know adding users, authenticating users all of that is taken care of by another component. Similarly another component can be there for managing all the orders you know whenever somebody purchases the building, shipping, storing the order history all of that can be another component. In this way you identify what is your data and what are the functions on that data and group them together into one logical component ok. So in this slide I have shown you one example of how you can modularize an e-commerce application. Note that this is not the only way of course real life systems are more complex and of course there are many different ways of modularizing but this is just one example that makes sense. For example you can decide to have components for the user profile for the products for the shopping cart for orders and for recommendations right. So different components are managing different functionality. So this user profile component might use a database to store user information password your billing address, shipping address, credit card detail this component can maintain all of this data and provide functionality like you know creating a new user account, authenticating a user, updating user info and so on. Then another component can manage all information related to products, it can keep a catalog of products and provide various functions to other components or to users like you know searching for products, adding products, supplier can you know here is your product component, the server that is maintaining product information, the supplier can talk to this component and say add some product then the user can search for products, can buy products and so on right. So this component is managing all the data pertaining to products. You can have another component that is managing the shopping cart for each user you know the every users shopping cart, adding items, deleting items, viewing the shopping cart and so on. You can have another component that is actually doing the ordering, the processing of an order you know it maintains this details of in every order what are all the items purchased all of that information is maintained and this component will do things like you know when you want to buy something check out your cart, it will create a new order, it will do the billing of that order, shipping, tracking, in the future if the user wants to cancel an order, do some returns all of this order related, purchase related information can be managed by one component. Of course you can have you know different kind of modularity, you can say one component does the billing, somebody else does the shipping right you can also split this into even finer granularity also I am not saying this is the only way but this is one example of modularity. And finally you can have another component that is whose only job is to do recommendations you know look at all the orders that have happened in the past based on what the user has purchased, what other users have purchased you can recommend products for the user to buy in the future okay and this can store all the recommendations and you know anybody can look up these recommendations right. So in this way you can take this complex functional requirements many different requirements of a computer system and I had split them into components each component is managing some data and doing some operations on that data right that is how you can think of a computer system. So next the question comes up how do you store these different kinds of data in a component so every component is managing you know one or more kinds of data then how do you store them. There are many different options here for example you have things like relational databases you know relational database management systems. If you have taken a database course you would have heard about these right these are databases that store that store data in the form of tables you know you can create a table every table will have a schema you know different columns fixed format you can create tables and you can store structured data in these tables that is the data you are storing has a certain format you know every row has fixed number of columns and so on. And these databases also provide strong guarantees when you store the data there are certain properties called acid properties like atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability and these databases also provide transaction support that is you know you can do complex operations that span multiple tables and they will ensure that all of these operations are done very consistently and correctly. So if you take a database course you will study about all of these in more detail about how databases work, how they store data in tables, how they support querying of the data, how they provide all these acid properties transactions all of that you will study in a database course we will not cover that here but you should simply know that if real life systems want to store such structured data with all of these consistency guarantees they can use existing database systems. But of course you might not always want to store such structured data, sometimes you might want to store data that does not have so much structure. For that you have different types of data stores which are called no SQL data stores this is the common name because databases usually work with SQL is the query language to query all the you know rows and extract some rows and columns in a database. So no SQL data stores work without any structure they can work with unstructured data. For example you might just have a key value store there is some key and there is some value corresponding to that key. It can be anything I do not know what is the structure of this value, how many columns it has, is it a table I do not care. This is called unstructured data given a key I will give you some blob of data that no SQL data stores can store such data or you might have semi-structured data you might have some structure in your data but not a whole lot like for example you might be storing a document it might have some structure like author name date or something but that is all not very rigid structure it can have some columns but it can also not have some columns sometimes or you can have data stores for to store very special types of data like you know you want to store a graph, you want to store something else that has specific properties. So for all such use cases regular traditional databases are not useful therefore you have many new no SQL systems coming up today. These systems they are very dynamic flexible and they do not provide any strict consistency guarantees but they are higher performance they give better performance and they are easier to scale to larger capacities than regular databases. So when you design a system you always have this design choice between using traditional databases that have you know fixed format fixed schema with very good consistency and other guarantees or no SQL data stores that give better performance but lesser structure and lesser guarantees of course this is a spectrum there are many choices in between but many data stores are available again with respect you know some data stores store only in memory but some store on disk for persistence you know if you store only in memory memory access is fast you will get back responses you can read and write faster if you store in disk it will take longer but with disk you will get persistence. So there are many data choices available. So if you take a database course this will become clearer as to how you design these databases and how you design this new SQL data stores but for the purpose of this course it is enough to know that many different options are available and when you are designing a computer system based on your requirements you will pick a data store. For example if you have to store user profile data this you have to store it securely it has a fixed format every user will have you know name, email, phone number, billing address, shipping address there is a fixed format to the data such data you can store in a traditional relational database but if you want to store a shopping cart you know you can store in a low SQL key value store you know user ID and a list of all the items in that shopping cart can be stored as a key and a value in a key value store why because you know with shopping carts you do not need lot of consistency it is okay if you know the values are not always consistent it is okay if some failures happen and you know one or two items goes missing. We will study this later when we study reliability and performance we will see why it is easier to get good performance when there is lesser structure in your data when there are lesser consistency guarantees to be provided therefore you will get better performance that is always a trade off you know you want more consistency you have to trade off some performance for it so for things like shopping cart it is not super important information you know it is okay if it little bit here and there happens so such data can be stored in a no SQL key value store so therefore depending on your application requirements each component can make the choice of which data store to use and also it is also possible that the data will move from one store to the other you know initially for example on some video streaming website whatever the user clicks the user clicks on a video they can be temporarily stored in a no SQL data store and later on this information can be aggregated and stored in a database right so you have many different options and you can also move data from one kind of data store to the other. So now that we have seen how to make components how to store the data and components next we will understand how to design the interfaces between components okay so you have your front end and you have your various application servers you know there will be many servers for many different components and each server will again have multiple databases in the back end so all of these components have to interact with each other your front end has to contact the application servers and these application servers also may have to talk to each other you know to exchange some information so for all of these purposes every component needs to have a well defined interface or API using which you will access the functionality provided by the component okay so the question comes up how do you design these APIs so there are many ways one popular way is to design APIs in the form of REST APIs so REST stands for representational state transfer I will explain what this means okay so this is a very fancy term but the meaning is very simple what it means is simply use HTTP client server mechanism for providing APIs so every component it has multiple pieces of data that it is maintaining so for every piece of data assign some URL for example a component that is storing user data you know you create a URL user, foo, profile, the address, credit card, name, email whatever you create a URL like this for every piece of data that this component is managing and then now once this URL is created we can use HTTP to access the data the component can handle various types of HTTP requests on the data for example you can say get this URL then you will be able to access the profile some address of the user if you say post you know HTTP request you can do many different things you can get you can post you can do things you can create, update, read, delete you can do what are called CRUD operations on data using HTTP request right different types of HTTP request can be used to create, update, read, delete your data that is available so then now what is a component doing it is simply handling HTTP request the other components or front end or users are sending HTTP request to create, read, update, delete the data and this component is responding back with HTTP responses and the data all the data inside the component is represented by URLs and of course HTTP responses and requests need not just be text you can also send complicated data structures we have seen there are standard serialization formats like JSON available using which the component can send complex data also not just text ok. So, every component whatever data it has it is storing it in the form of URLs and HTTP requests and responses are being processed in order to manipulate that data right. So, this is one way of designing interfaces between components and the advantages of the rest interface is that you can there are many frameworks available already to send and receive HTTP data you know these frameworks were available created for web pages, but we can reuse those same frameworks and instead of sending you know web pages you can send any information about your component you can send user data or the client can update user data by doing an HTTP post request right all of these can be done just that now you are not exchanging web pages, but you are exchanging specific items of data stored in that component and these responses can also be cached just like web pages ok. For all of these reasons it is easy to develop APIs in the rest format and of course these rest APIs can be used between components and also can be used by clients ok. So, when clients have to communicate with front end servers they can use standard protocols or they can use rest based APIs you can either access web page you can either access a system using a web page using HTTP or you can also you know from your app your app can be just sending these rest based API messages to access information. For example, a mapping service you can be fetching information using you are not going to a web page, but in your app you are just using these rest based APIs to access data. So, rest based APIs are very powerful as long as you can represent your data in your application in the form of these URLs and you can manipulate these data using these HTTP get, post all of these requests then you can use a rest API to interact with other components of the system, but sometimes rest APIs may not be suitable in all cases. For example, you may not be able to represent all the data in your component as just URLs you know your data can be very complex and I cannot just create like a URL hierarchy to represent all of it and it can so happen that you cannot do all actions using only HTTP verbs because HTTP is fundamentally stateless you know there is no dependence on the previous state of the data allowed and all of that. So, I will make this clear with an example suppose you know there is a component that is processing all the orders and some user wants to cancel an order. So, this component has all the list of all the orders and you want to cancel an order and you want to cancel an order only if the order has not been confirmed so far. So, this is a complicated action how do you represent it using HTTP it is very hard you know. So, HTTP this is not creating any information this is not reading any information this is not deleting information I cannot use HTTP delete request why because I do not want to delete the order I want my order to stay in the database the fact that I have cancelled the order I want that information to remain, but I just want to cancel the order I do not want the order to be shipped to me. So, this is a very complicated action you know it does not map to just you know putting some information or reading information this is a very complicated action. So, for such actions it is very hard to design a REST based API you cannot you know put this action as some URL and just do HTTP fetch or post or delete you cannot do it easily like that. Therefore, sometimes for some components for some APIs REST based API is not suitable in such cases what we can do is we can use RPC components can interact using the remote procedure calls. So, this server can expose a set of functions that the other components can remotely invoke you can remotely execute functions on another component. So, we have seen how RPC works before. So, these two end points the client and server that are communicating over RPC they will define their interface your interface is no longer now limited to HTTP get post HTTP request response no your interface can be anything you can exchange whatever message you want you can provide whatever functions you want, but you will define all of this and both end points will agree on this common interface definition and then this components will invoke the functions on the other side. Clients will invoke functions as the server end. So, note that client and server is simply just indicating who provides this functionality and who invokes the functionality. So, the advantage here is that you can do complicated actions you can simply have a function for cancel and invoke that cancel you do not have to think about oh how do I do this cancel using HTTP messages which HTTP request which HTTP response you do not have to think of all of that. You can define whatever functions you want, but that also means that you need a close coordination between your different components you need to know what functions that the other component implements and invoke them using an RPC framework. Therefore, these RPC APIs are more useful when interacting between components of a system. If you have external facing interfaces you know you have to talk to clients outside it is very hard to do RPC because then the other side has to know what are all the functions whereas HTTP anybody you can send an HTTP request it is a standard format anybody can send you an HTTP request anybody can use REST API, but with RPC a more closer coordination is needed. So, this is a design choice that you have to make whether you want to go with REST based APIs or RPC based APIs. There is also a third type which is called a published subscribe or a pub sub API. So, in REST and RPC there is a client server model that is there is one component that needs some information from another component and it is getting it from that component whether using standard HTTP request response or custom request response via RPC. But sometimes some interfaces they are not in this client server model it is not like you are asking something and getting some information back or you are posting some information and getting a confirmation back. Sometimes you just want to give some work to the other guy and forget about it. For example, you might have a server that is handling all the order information can just push this information to another server that takes care of the recommendations you know. So, this order server whenever an order comes in it will just give this information to the recommendation server and there is no response needed you know this guy is not waiting for any information from the recommendation server. The recommendation server will later on asynchronously process this information and build its recommendation for the user in the future. Similarly, when the user uploads a video to one server this server can just give this video to another server that will convert it into various other resolutions and this will happen asynchronously in some sense you know this the first component is not waiting for a response from the other component. So, such interactions are called the published subscribe model. So, one component is just one or more components are just publishing some information to what is called a message broker or a task queue there are many names for such entities that you can just push information to this message broker and other people can just read information from this message broker or a task queue right. So, this is not a very close interaction client server model but rather it is an asynchronous pub sub model. We have seen examples we will see more examples later on also. So, with these so these are special programs special frameworks called the message brokers or task queues where some components can just publish information other components can read this information and process it later on and the subscribers. So, these components that push information are called the publishers and these components that read the information are called subscribers and these subscribers can subscribe to all the information coming in a message broker or they can subscribe to specific topics only for example, in your recommendation server there could be one server that is only listening for orders on books and only doing recommendations on books another server is only doing recommendations on electronic items in this way you can just get information only about specific orders or specific topics right and these message brokers what they will do is whenever one component publishes message they will temporarily store the message until other subscriber components subscribe or receive retrieve that message later on. And of course these message brokers will also provide some high performance reliable message delivery you know many publishers should be able to push messages quickly many subscribers should be able to read messages quickly and these publishers and the broker the broker and the subscribers will again be using maybe something like sockets TCP to reliably exchange messages all of that will be there. So, what you are doing is you are basically adding an intermediary between two components instead of two components directly interacting with each other in a client server manner you are putting an intermediary so that one component can just push information the other can read the information later on. So, where the interaction between components does not have to be synchronous and it is asynchronous these pub sub kind of APIs can be used and there are many frameworks available today to help you build these pub sub APIs there are many message brokers or task queue software available to you where using which you can have this kind of an asynchronous interaction between components. So, that is all I have for this lecture in this lecture I have given you some brief guidelines and an introduction of how you do end to end system design. So, we have considered the example of a simple e-commerce system and we have seen you know how is this complicated system built as smaller components how does each component store data how do you design the APIs interfaces between these components. So, all of this we have seen the very basic level of information about system design. So, I request you all to think about systems yourself and you know try to think about what are the requirements how do you modularize what kind of data stores what kind of APIs all of these things that we have discussed in today's lecture I request you to pick another example other than e-commerce and do it on your own. So, in the next lecture we will also run through more examples what we will do is we will apply all of these concepts and do an end to end design of many different kinds of computer systems in the next lecture. So, that is all I have for now. Thank you.


Okay, welcome back everyone. It's theCUBE's coverage here in San Francisco, California. We're live on the show floor of AWS Summit 2022. I'm John Furrier, host of theCUBE. And remember, AWS Summit in New York City coming up this summer, we'll be there as well. And of course, reinvent at the end of the year for all the CUBE coverage on cloud computing and AWS. The two great guests here from the APN, global APN, Serge Shuchenko and Jeff Grimes, leader, Jeff and Serge is doing partnerships, global APN. AWS Global Startup Program. Okay, say that again. AWS Global Startup Program. That's the official name. Yeah, I love it. Too long, too long for me. Thanks for coming on. Yeah, of course. I appreciate it. So tell us about what's going on with you guys. How has you guys organized? You guys, we're obviously we're in San Francisco, Bay Area, Silicon Valley, Zillions of startups here in New York. It's got another one we're going to be at. Tons of startups, a lot of them getting funded, big growth in cloud, big growth in data, security, hot in all sectors. Absolutely. So maybe we could just start with the global startup program. It's essentially a white glove service that we provide to startups that are built on AWS. And the intention there is to help identify use cases that are being built on top of AWS. And for these startups, we want to provide white glove support in co-building products together, co-marketing and co-selling. Essentially, the use cases that our customers need solved that either they don't want to build themselves or are perhaps more innovative. So the AWS global startup program provides white glove support, dedicated headcount for each one of those pillars. And within our program, we've also provided incentives, programs, go to market activities, like the AWS startup showcase that we've built for these startups. Yeah, by the way, AWS startups.com is the URL, check it out. Okay, so partnerships are key. Jeff, what's your role? Yeah, so I'm responsible for leading the overall effort for the AWS global startup program. So I've got a team of partner managers that are located throughout the U.S., managing a few hundred startup ISPs right now. Yeah, you got a lot. We've got a lot. There's a lot out there. All right, so I got to ask a tough question. Okay, I'm a startup founder. I got a team. I just got my Series A. We're growing. I'm trying to hire people. I'm super busy. What's in it for me? Yeah. What do you guys bring to the table? I don't have a closed service, but translate that. What's in it for you? What do I get out of it? What's the story? It's a good question. Focus, I think. Because we get to see a lot of partners building their businesses on AWS. So from our perspective, helping these partners focus on what do we truly need to build by working backwards from customer feedback? How do we effectively go to market? Because we've seen startups do various things through trial and error. And also just messaging. Because oftentimes partners or rather startups try to boil the ocean with many different use cases. So we really help them laser focus on what are you really good at and how can we bring that to the customer as quickly as possible? Yeah, I mean, it's truly about helping that founder accelerate the growth of their company. And there's a lot that you can do with AWS, but focus is truly the key word there. Because they're going to be able to find their little piece of real estate and absolutely deliver incredible outcomes for our customers. And then they can start their growth curve there. What are some of the coolest things you've seen with the APN that you can share publicly? I know you've got a lot going on there, a lot of confidentiality. But we're here, a lot of great partners on the floor here and glad we're back at events. A lot of stuff going on digitally with virtual stuff and hybrid. What are some of the cool things you guys have seen in the APN that you can point to? Yeah, absolutely. I mean, I can point to a few, you can take them. So I think what's been fun over the years for me personally, I came from a startup, ran sales at an early stage startup and I went through the whole thing. So I have a deep appreciation for what these guys are going through. And what's been interesting to see from me is taking some of these early stage guys, watching them progress, go public, get acquired and see that big day. And being able to point to very specific items that we helped them to get to that point. And it's just a really fun journey to watch. Yeah, and part of the reason why I really love working at the AWS Global Startup Program is working with passionate founders. I just met with a founder today that he's going to build a very big business one day and watching them grow through these stages and supporting that growth. I like to think of our program as a catalyst for enterprise sort of scale. And through that, we provide visibility, credibility and growth opportunities. Yeah, a lot of partners too, what I found, talking to founders is when they have that milestone that works so hard for it whether it's a B round, C round, or public, or get bought, then they take a deep breath and they look back at, wow, what a journey it's been. So it's kind of emotional for sure. But still it's a grind, right?  And look, it's hyper competitive and it's brutally difficult. And our job is to try to make that a little less difficult and navigate those waters, right? Where everyone's going after similar things. Yeah, I think as a group element too, I'd observe that startups that I meet through the APN has been interesting because they feel part of AWS as a group, a community, as a vibe there. I know they're hustling and they're trying to make things happen, but at the same time, Amazon throws a huge halo effect. I mean, that's a huge factor. I mean, you guys are the number one cloud in the business, the growth in every sector is booming and if you're a startup, you don't have that luxury yet and look at companies like Snowflake that built on top of AWS. I mean, people are winning by building on AWS. Yeah, our program really validates their technology first. So we have what's called a foundation's technical review that we put all of our startups through before we go to market so that when enterprise customers are looking at startup technology, they know that it's already been vetted. And to take that a step further and help these partners differentiate, we use programs like the competency programs, the DevOps competencies, the security competency, which continues to help provide sort of a platform for these startups, help them differentiate and also there's go-to-market benefits that are associated with that. Okay, so let me ask the question that's probably on everyone's mind who's watching. Actually, I asked this a lot. There's a lot of companies' startups out there. Who makes the cut? Is there a criteria? Not a cut, it's not like it's sports team or anything, but like sure, like there's Activate program which is like there's hundreds of thousands of startups out there. Not everyone is at the APN. All right, correct. So ISVs, again, that's a whole nother. That's a more mature partner that might have huge market cap or growth. How do you guys focus? How do you guys focus? I mean, you got a good question. A thousand flowers blooming all the time. Is there a new way you guys are looking at? I know there's been some talk about restructure or new focus, what's the focus? Yeah, it's definitely not an easy task, by any means. But I recently took over this role and we're really trying to establish focus areas, right? So obviously a lot of the ISVs that we look after are infrastructure ISVs, that's what we do. And so we have very specific pods that look after different type of partners. So we've got a security pod, we've got a DevOps pod, we've got core infrastructure, et cetera. And really we're trying to find these ISVs that can solve really interesting AWS customer challenges. Do you guys have a deliberate focus on these pillars? So infrastructure? Security, DevOps and data and analytics, and then line of business. Line of business, line of business like marketing solutions. Okay, business owner type thing. Yeah, yeah, yeah, exactly. So solutions there, more solutions. And other ones are like hardcore. So infrastructure as well, like storage, backup, ransomware, kind of stuff. Yeah, storage, networking. Okay, yeah, the classic. Database, et cetera, right. And so there's teams on each pillar. Yep, so I think what's fascinating for the startups that we cover is that they truly have support from a build market sell perspective, right? So you've got someone who's technical to really help them get the technology figured out. Someone to help them get the marketing message dialed and spread. And then someone to actually do the co-sell day-to-day activities to help them get in front of customers. Brother, the number one request that we always ask for Amazon is, can we request that soccer report? Oh, download it on a console, which we use all the time. Yeah, exactly. But security is a big deal. I mean, you know, SREs are evolving that role of DevOps is taking on DevSecOps. I can see a lot of customers having that need for a relationship to move things faster. Do you guys provide like escalation or is that a part of a service or not part of? Yeah. So the partner development manager can be an escalation port, absolutely. Think of them as an extension of your business inside of AWS. Right, and you guys, how is that partner managers measured? On those three pillars, right? Are we building valuable use cases? So product development, go to market. So go to market activities. Think blog posts, webinars, case studies, so on and so forth. And then co-sell. Not only are we helping these partners win their current opportunities that they are sourcing, but can we also help them source net new deals? Yeah. Right, that's very important.  Not an easy task, but that's a huge goal of ours to help them grow their top line, right? In fact, we had some interviews here on theCUBE earlier talking about that dynamic of how enterprise customers are buying. And it's interesting, a lot more POCs. I have one partner here that you guys work with on observability. They got a huge POC with Capital One. And enterprises are engaging the startups and bringing them in. So the combination of open source software, enterprises are leaning into that hard and bringing young growing startups in. So I could see that as a huge service that you guys can bring people in. Right, and they're bringing massively differentiated technology to the table. The challenge is they just might not have the brand recognition that the big guys have. And so that's our job, is how do you get that great tech in front of the right situations? Okay, so my next question is about the show here and then we'll talk globally. So here in San Francisco, you know, Silicon Valley Bay Area, San Francisco Bay Area, a lot of startups, a lot of VCs, a lot of action. So probably a big marker for you guys. So what's exciting here in SF? And then outside of SF, you guys have a global program. You see any trends that are geography-based? Or is it areas more mature? Are there certain regions that are better? I mean, I just interviewed a company here that's doing AWS Edge really well. In these cases, yeah. It's interesting that these, the partners are filling a lot of holes and gaps in the opportunities with AWS. So what's exciting here? And then what's the global perspective? Yeah, totally. So obviously a ton of partners from the Bay Area that we support. But we're seeing a lot of really interesting technology coming out of EMEA specifically. And making a lot of noise here in the United States, which is great. And so, you know, we definitely have that global presence in starting to see super differentiated technology come out of those regions. Yeah, especially Tel Aviv. Yeah. EMEA real quick before you get in this surge, it's interesting. The VC market in Europe is hot. They've got a lot of unicorns coming in. We've seen a lot of companies coming in. They're kind of rattling their own cage right now. Hey, look at us. Let's see if they crash. But we don't see that happening. I mean, people have been predicting a crash now in the startup ecosystem for at least a year. It's not crashing. In fact, fundings up. Yeah, the pandemic was hard on a lot of startups for sure. But what we've seen is many of these startups, they as quickly as they can grow, they can also pivot as well. And so, I've actually seen many of our startups grow through the pandemic because their use cases are helping customers either save money, become more operationally efficient and provide value to leadership teams that need more visibility into their infrastructure during a pandemic. That's an interesting point. I talked to Andy, Jazzy, and Adam Sileski, both say the same thing during the pandemic. Necessity is the mother of all invention. And startups can move fast. So with that, you guys are there to assist. If I'm a startup and I got a pivot, because remember, iterate and pivot, iterate and pivot so you get your economics. That's the playbook of the ventures and the models. How do you guys help me do that? Give me an example of walk me through, pretend I'm a startup. Hey, I'm on the cloud. Oh my God, pandemic. They need video conferencing. Hey, Cube, what do I need? Serge, what do I do? That's a good question. First thing is just listen. I think what we have to do is a really good job of listening to the partner. What are their needs? What is their problem statement? Where do they want to go at the end of the day? And oftentimes, because we've worked with so many successful startups that have come out of our program, we have either through intuition or a playbook determine what is going to be the best path forward and how do we get these partners to stop focusing on things that will eventually just be a waste of time and or not provide or bring any fruit to the table, which is essentially revenue. Well, we love startups here in theCUBE because one, they have good stories, they're only cutting edge, always pushing the envelope, and they're kind of disrupting someone else. And so they usually have an opinion that don't mind sharing on camera. So, love talking to startups. We love working with you guys on our startup showcase, adiperstardups.com. Check out awsstartups.com and check out the showcases. Final word, I'll give you guys the last word. What's the bottom line? Bumper sticker for AP, global APN program. Summarize the opportunity for startups. What do you guys bring to the table and we'll close it out. Jeff, we'll start with you. Yeah, I think the AWS Global Startup Program is here to help companies truly accelerate their business. Full stop, right? And that's what we're here for. I love it. It's a good way to put it. It's a good way to put it. Ditto. Yeah. All right, Sarah, Jeff, thanks for coming on. Thanks, Sean. Great to see you. Love working with you guys. Hey, startups need help in the growing and huge market opportunities. The shift, cloud scale, data engineering, security, infrastructure. All the markets are exploding in growth because of the digital transformation through realities here, open source and cloud. All making it happen here. And theCUBE in San Francisco, California, I'm John Furrier, your host. Thanks for watching. Let's go, John.