You know, let's talk about conspiracy theories a little bit because I think it's a conspiracy theory that's interesting. You know, they seem to dominate our environment. There seem to be all around us. There certainly seem to be periods of time in which there are more conspiracy theories. There seem to be a rise in conspiracy theories over the last decade or so. Now, I'm not sure that's actually true. So I've read a little bit of the research and some research suggests that actually there's no evidence of an increase in conspiracy theories. What there is evidence of is an increase of our exposure to conspiracy theories and that's because of the web and that's because of social media. That everything, that everything in every way, we have access to any stupid thing anybody says, we immediately get blown up in the media and it immediately gets blown up in social media in particular and we just see it. So it's unclear whether there actually are more conspiracy theories or less conspiracy theories is, you know, it's hard to tell but the idea is that again from the research that I've read and hard to tell how accurate it is that at least in America there seems to be a certain number of people who are susceptible to conspiracy theories. They shift from conspiracy theory to conspiracy theory. That number doesn't increase that much. It fluctuates here and there but it doesn't increase that much. Now whether that is true or not, I don't know. You know, I'm not an expert in this field and I'm sure there's contradictory studies. There's all kinds of studies out there. I don't know. I'm going to lay out what I think makes sense from my perspective regarding conspiracy theories, why I think they appear, what purpose they serve and why some cultures they seem to be more prevalent in some periods in history. I do think they're more prevalent in than others, right? So we will look at that. So first what is a conspiracy theory? A conspiracy theory is different than a conspiracy or a theory about a conspiracy. There are plenty of conspiracies, lots of conspiracies in the world. People conspire to do bad things and conspiracy theories generally have to do with bad things or at least with deception. A conspiracy, you know, all the time. Certainly something like Watergate was a conspiracy. You know, I'm sure Obama and his people conspired for a long time to pass the Obamacare Act and I'm sure Donald Trump right now is conspiring with his minions to figure out how to run a proper presidential campaign and talking to a lot of people in a lot of different places. So there are conspiracies, that is people getting together to plan something out in a sense, in secret, without letting people know, you know, deception might be involved but to achieve a particular goal, to achieve influence. Sometimes it involves actions that are illegal, sometimes it just involves manipulating the system in a way that gets you what you want. And in that sense, again, there are conspiracies all the time. Some conspiracies are illegal conspiracies and the government gets involved. Mafia and others engage in conspiracies all the time and you can have a theory about a conspiracy. You could think, you know, I think this and this and this is happening. I think the Clinton campaign is coordinating with the FBI about going after Donald Trump and if you have evidence for that, if you have evidence for that, if there's some reason that that might be true or if there's some indication or there's some thing you can point to that suggests that that is true, then it's a theory about a conspiracy and there's nothing wrong with that. The key there is evidence. The key there is reasonableness, which comes from evidence. On the other hand, you know, what is a conspiracy theory and again, don't think of this as a theory theory that is here where I think conspiracy theory means one thing that is the combined terminology. This is not a theory about a conspiracy. This is a conspiracy theory which has in our common usage come to me. An explanation for an event that involves a conspiracy that is unmoored from reality that is not where there is no evidence, where there is no fact to support it, that is unreasonable in that it is detached from reality, detached from the evidence, detached from facts. I don't know, there are lots of conspiracy theories that some of them are just blatantly false so it's easy to deal with, but basically they have to do with the fact that there's a group of people out there who want influence, who want to control your life and part of the way they control your life is by feeding you false information, feeding you false information, or by making you think that something happened when it did not, or that something is true when it is not. The most obvious of this is the Flat Earth conspiracy theory. The powers to be want you to believe the earth is round. I think there are a number of explanations for this. You know, they want you to believe, for example, that the earth is not the center of the universe, that the earth goes around the sun, that the earth is in that sense around, but it's not, it's actually flat, and it is the center of the universe and the sun does go around it and they come up with a bizarre physics to explain it all and to explain why this is. And again, the reason why you are told this falsehood, the reason why you are told this falsehood, the reason why you study it, the reason why you learn it, is to diminish the centrality of the human race and the world in the universe. It's a leftist conspiracy to undermine God, basically. Started a long time ago, I guess. And of course, the Flat Earth conspiracy is a ridiculous absurd, it's a joke, but it's not that people actually believe this to the extent that you can believe such nonsense or to the extent that that is even, in any sense, cognition. There are people who advocate for this, who talk about it, who say it, who argue for it, and so on. Another similar conspiracy, in the sense that it takes a piece of information that says everything you've been told about it is wrong. And it's wrong, again, because we wanna control you, we wanna pretend that we're better than we really are. And a good example there is the pretend that we're better than we really are, that the authorities, that the people. Remember, conspiracy theories arise out of a deep skepticism of any and all authorities, or any and all experts, any and all knowledge, that is acceptable by people. So, for example, the moon landing hoax. I don't know if you've heard about this, but there's a whole conspiracy theory out there that there was never any, they never landed on the moon, who weren't capable of landing on the moon. It's all American propaganda to try to make the US greater than it really is. It started in 1976, a self-published book called, We Never Went to the Moon. America's $30 billion swindle. All that NATO money went into somebody's pocket. Maybe the Elders of Zion pocket will get to that conspiracy theory later. And in 1978, there was a movie, Capricorn One, in 2001, there was a Fox documentary, conspiracy theory, did we land on the moon?  Now, there are millions of people who debunked this.  The powers to be are really good at what they do. They can fool you into thinking we went to the moon when we did not. They can create whole illusions like the earth is flat when the earth is round and convince you of it and cover the truth up efficiently and effectively. So these elites that we don't trust, that we don't believe in, that we don't like, that we, these experts, these university professors, whatever, they are unbelievably effective. Or the government that we think is corrupt and insane and inefficient and horrible in every respect. But when it comes to the conspiracy that I favor, they are amazingly good at hiding it, at deceiving you that it doesn't exist. And that's one of the characteristics is it associates unbelievable abilities and capabilities to people who otherwise were pretty skeptical about the ability to do pretty much anything, right?  Of course, QAnon is the latest. It assumes there's a whole democratic party apparatus that is amazingly efficient at abusing kids and children. And of course, there was such a apparatus. So it wasn't exactly the democratic party, but it was, you know, what's his name? The guy who had the island and who committed suicide or maybe was killed, who knows this conspiracy theory about that as well. But it wasn't the kind of conspiracy that gave it political incentives. Almost always, this is Epstein, there's almost always a political good versus evil, my camp versus your camp. And of course, political conspiracy theories are not unique to the left or the right. They are shared by both sides. The irrationality is not limited to any particular side, QAnon on the one hand, but on the left, you have all kinds of conspiracy theories about who runs the world. The Brandenburgs and the Elders of Zion. Of course, left and right, I mean, when it comes to conspiracy theories, they often share the same conspiracies because in terms of running the world, both left and right share the conspiracy theory, not all left and right, but the people who are engaged in conspiracy theories almost all share the conspiracy theory that it's Jewish bankers or bankers or the Rothschilds or the billionaires or something like that that is associated with it. And Jews seem to pop up in every single conspiracy theory from Kanye West to 9-11 conspiracies. I mean, notice the 9-11 conspiracy theory suggests that the Bush administration was super effective and efficient not only to blow up the buildings themselves but to arrange for the airplanes to fly into them at the same time so they could pin it on the Muslims, wasn't their fault. And of course, they were unbelievably efficient. Everything happened just according to plan and then they managed to cover it all up so that they basically convinced 99.95% of all the civil engineers in the world that the way the towers collapsed was actually feasible and actually the result of the airplanes going into those buildings. All of this was so beautifully orchestrated they are so effective that it's unbelievable how good the Bush administration is at planning, organizing and executing a complex operation. They can't take over Iraq properly. They can't execute a war in Afghanistan but they can pull a 9-11 off seamlessly, beautifully. Oh no, they did it so that they could invade Iraq so that they could go off to Saddam Hussein so they could get retribution for his father, he did it for his father. You know, Saddam Hussein had a hit on, this is not a conspiracy theory but it is a conspiracy.  So this was revenge. It's for the oil. Don't you know the Bush family? Really, secretly? Don't tell anybody, please? I don't want to spend false accusations but they really control the oil in Iraq so the whole war was there so that they could get control over the oil. And of course nobody knows that, there's no paper trail, only I know it. Maybe a few Iraqis. But funnily enough the Iraqis don't know it and the Iraqis government doesn't know it and the fact that Iraq gets all those revenues they don't know it.  Of course, there was an alternative explanation for 9-11 because we don't actually believe the Bush administration is that good, is that efficient, is that smart? No, the much more credible explanation for 9-11 is that the Jews did it, the Mossad did it. That Israel did it, maybe with the corporation of some people in Bush administration, maybe not, but they managed to hide it from anybody, they managed to plant bombs in all of the towers, they managed to collapse all the towers, again for 99.5% of all civil engineers to believe that this was even possible, that the planes doing it caused it because they claim of course is that there's no way that a plane going into a building and that jet oil burning would actually cause the towers to collapse down. Their claim is that that is impossible and they bring out the two civil engineers in the world who agree with them and they fall all the rest, all the rest are completely fooled by it. And they have an explanation for tower seven, which is inconsistent with explanation, 99.5% of civil engineers have fought why it fell, it doesn't matter, but it's the Jews did it. This is by the way believed extensively in the Middle East, we'll get to the Middle Eastern conspiracy theories in a minute. So the Israelis and the Mossad are super efficacious. The Bush administration is super efficacious. And it's easier to blame it on the Mossad because the Mossad has this aura of invincibility. One of the reasons it has an aura of invincibility is because nobody advertises their failures.  They're not quite as invisible, invincible. In all other conspiracies, Princess Diana's murder, it wasn't Fayad, it wasn't an accident. It was the world family, they were trying to get rid of her. It was King Charles, he wanted to marry this other woman. This was an easy way to get over the whole thing. Of course you've got GFK murder, so it's not the only murder that's that. You've got, oh, this is my favorite conspiracy theory because this is the only conspiracy theory that I was actually, I won't say, I never bought into it, but I was actually engaged with that I can remember in my life. I don't know if you guys, I mean, you guys might be too young to remember this, but there's the conspiracy of Paul McCartney's death. So if you take, is it Sergeant Pepper or the White Album? If you take one of the albums of the Beatles albums and you put it on a record player and you, with your hand, spin it backwards, spin it backwards, right? Then what you hear is Paul is dead, now you don't really hear Paul is dead, but if you expect to hear Paul is dead and you really focus on hearing Paul is dead, you will hear Paul is dead. And there's a bunch of other stuff about how they are walking over the crossroads in some of the album covers and there's a million, no, no, no, it's Paul McCartney, it's definitely Paul McCartney, it's not John Lennon, there's no conspiracy theory. John is really dead, but there's that established conspiracy theory that I, as a teenager, I remember actually doing that with the Beatles album, actually playing it backwards to hear Paul is dead, Paul is dead, and Revolution Number Nine on the White Album, Mark says. And there's also clues in the different Beatles covers and this was a whole thing in the late 1970s I remember about Paul McCartney is dead, right? JFK's assassination, of course, there were vast conspiracy theories there and we can talk about why it's, you know, I think a big reason here is the fact that the government won't actually release all the documents about the JFK assassination. Why isn't the information just public? It's decades ago, there's no intelligence that can be sourced. I mean, it might make some people look bad, but who cares, it's a long time for now. So one of the things that feeds conspiracy theories is definitely the hesitancy of the authorities to disclose information and to be overly secretive and generally the tendency of the government to be overly secretive. There should be very few secrets in government, I've said this before, very few secrets in government. Government is our servant. It shouldn't withhold information from us. So the idea that some of the JFK documents have been redacted that many of them have not been released is just crazy, crazy, right? And there are a million conspiracies about JFK and I think because, in particular, because it's such a big event because it's so unthinkable because the government has been so unwilling to disclose all the information that it has to what extent was Harvey Oswald involved with Phil and the Blank, Castro, Soviet Union, organized crime, CIA, Lyndon Johnson. I mean, my guess is he wasn't involved with any of them. My guess is that anybody's conspiracy around this is just that, just a conspiracy theory that is detached from reality, detached from facts. But there are some real questions that people have certainly about the motivation, particularly given that Harvey Oswald was killed so quickly. You know, there's maybe one of the more ancient conspiracy theories was the protocols of the Elders of Zion. This is a document that appeared in Russia in 1905 that describes how Jews were undermining, small group of Jews, powerful Jews, were undermining Christian morality, finance, and health in an attempt to take over the world, in an attempt to dominate the world. People as prominent supposedly as Henry Ford and Mel Gibson have in one way or another promoted this. Henry Ford paid to have half a million copies of the protocols of Zion published in, and of course the Nazis used this as part of their propaganda machine. So Elders of Zion is one of the many, many, many conspiracy theories that involves Jews running the world or attempting to run in the world and attempting to corrupt all of you Christians and really being in league with the devil. It's the one conspiracy theory, kind of broadly speaking, that really pisses me off because why aren't they contacting me? I wonder if Yom Khozoni is part of it, but they haven't contacted me. So anyway, I'm kidding, it's a joke. But it's out there and when you listen to Kanye and you listen to others talk about the Jews and the power the Jews have and the Jews controlling the media and things like that, it echoes the protocols of the Elders of Zion. It's just modernized, it's just in different format, but there's Jews are often in the middle of a conspiracy, often in conspiracy theories, particularly conspiracy theories associated with power and associated with wealth and associated with finance. In the 1980s and 90s, there was a conspiracy theory in the United States that actually had some horrific consequences. It was this idea that there were satanic forces all over the country, that there were daycares at schools that they were abusing children. And Geraldo did a famous NBC special, Devil Warship, exposing Satan's underground. Satanic experts went out there and they found children who were willing to testify that they had been abused. A lot of this turned out to be false memories. There was a real panic. A lot of people's lives were destroyed. A lot of schools, people who ran schools. There's the famous case in 1983 of a panic around the Macamartin preschool in a trial. Parent accused the daycare owners of sexually ablusing their son and it just got blown out. It took seven years, seven years before the daycare owners were finally acquitted and had the charges dismissed. One of them was jailed for five years. So conspiracy theories can really, I mean, they can become really nasty and really scary. And they can have real consequences on real people's lives. People like Jerry Springer and Geraldo capitalized on this the same way as today you get, what's his name? It was just ordered to pay a billion dollars to the parents of the school shooting because he claimed that it was a parkland. They claimed that it never existed. It was a hoax, it was a conspiracy theory. I mean, this is happening around us. This is happening every day, Alex Jones. And of course people like Scott will defend Alex Jones because hey, he's not the left. We should align with Alex Jones. His conspiracy theories all attack the left. So they're good.  All in the name of what? Making money for themselves and spreading falsehoods and disinformation and conspiracy theories and ugliness. I mean, there was maybe the most famous conspiracy theories before QAnon, a conspiracy theory that our, your favorite president, President Trump was heavily involved in spreading, heavily involved in it. And that was the, and this, again, if a president of the United States is involved in a conspiracy theory or if somebody running for president is involved in a conspiracy theory, how can you vote for him? How can you vote for somebody who takes a falsehood and just repeats it and propagates it with no facts, no evidence, nothing? Well, that's what Trump did with Barack Obama's birth as a, birtherism, he wasn't born in the United States. No, no, no. That birth certificate is fake. What is the evidence? Any evidence? Any evidence? Anything to suggest that that's true? Now, as I said, conspiracy theories on both sides is plenty of conspiracy theories on the left. And you could argue that at least the, the catastrophizing of climate change is in a sense a conspiracy theory. They don't have facts associated with it. There's no evidence. There's no science. I mean, they might be for climate change, but the catastrophizing of it, the hysteria, the panic. You could argue that population bomb was a conspiracy theory. Remember COVID in 5G? That was, that was a beauty. That was a beauty. If the Chinese were spreading COVID through the 5G network, don't install 5G because it's spreading COVID. So let's step back a minute and ask kind of the question. Why, why do we have conspiracy theories? Why are they so popular? Or at least why are they popular? I don't know. So, but why are they popular? Why do they exist? And I think they exist for the same reason in a sense that religion exists. They exist because people need explanations. And reality is complicated. It's complex. And real explanations can be complex. And real explanations are often not satisfying. Real explanations don't fit maybe into a particular tribe of views of a particular political worldview. But it's also true that things happen that we don't have explanations for. Particularly in a pre-science era, we lived during thousands and thousands of years. Human beings lived in a pre-scientific era in which we didn't know what the hell was going on around us. But we needed explanations. We needed to know why. We needed to have a theory. And of course, religion stepped in. In a sense, we needed philosophy. We needed explanations for the very basic knowledge that we have. And then we needed explanations for the concrete events that happen around us. And if there's no science, as there wasn't, then you come up with all kind of bizarre explanations. And you could go back to middle ages and God, all the superstitions and all the pseudo-scientific stuff. I mean, they all, in a sense, explanations, even if they're not based on anything, no facts, no evidence, they're all, in a sense, conspiracy theories. But man needs to understand. And when you have an educational system and a world that does not value reason, that does not necessarily value evidence, that does not necessarily value facts, a world that is not oriented towards evidence. Again, reason, rational thinking. Trying to suddenly introduce rational explanations. Trying to explain the complex history of Islam and why Islamic radicals would think that blowing themselves up and killing them in order to attack the United States and hopefully put a dent in its power. Or even just the physics of why these buildings, if you look at the Twin Towers, why they so beautifully, beautifully, in quotes, collapsed so symmetrically, so in such an organized way when that looks like a controlled explosion. So what reality actually requires, what understanding the world actually requires, is thinking. It's the conceptual faculty. And when people are not at the conceptual level, and when you don't trust the authorities, when you think the world is against you, when you think, when you're afraid, when you don't understand the world around you, and the people explaining things to you seem to be not interested in your interests, but that actually, and they actually scare you a little bit, then you revert to what we are without concepts, and that's perceptual level. Conspiracy theories are perceptual levels mentality. It's the way a perceptual level mentality deals with the world. It's why so many people in the world out there think the world is a zero sum game. Just for example, there's a good conspiracy theory at the left that the world is a zero sum game. That we became rich by making Africans poor, by making Indians poor, by making Asians poor, whatever, that's insane. It's counter to all the evidence, and it just doesn't explain the world because it's perceptual level. It's a need to explain, but an inability to do so. And the fact that the authority is the smart people, the knowledgeable people, are not very good at explaining, and when they do explain, so often, like after 9-11, so often they lie to us, so often they deceive us, Bush for example, refusing to name the terrorists as Islamic. So the why is we need explanations, and we need them to be simple. If you're not very smart, or if you're not conceptual, which is not being smart, if you're at the perceptual level, the explanation better be simple. It's much simpler to say, the Bushes did it for money. The Jews did it for power. Then to say, well, these ideologies in the world and their struggling for dominance, and the one wants to exert its influence of the other, and these poor people who have nothing, and yet are radical, religionists are willing to commit suicide in order to achieve this goal. Just not as tight, not as nice.  I don't know anybody who wants to do jihad. I mean, this sounds nutty to me. Now, who is susceptible to conspiracy theories? And so who is susceptible? I think people who hold a promise of consciousness perspective, people who reality is not a reference. People's opinions are a reference. Emotions are a reference. Their own subjective emotions are a reference. Perceptions are a reference. And in that sense, in that sense, the people most susceptible to conspiracy theories are religious. People who are religious are the most susceptible to conspiracy theories as they've already bought into the biggest conspiracy theory ever. It's all God's doing. An explanation for everything. It's the neatest, most effective conspiracy theories in all of history. Why did this happen to me? God did it. Why? Who knows? God has his reasons. They're good reasons. He cares about you. He loves you.   But he loves you.  It's, you'll find out, and it's all good for you because this is out of love he's doing this. I mean, God, has there ever been a more horrible conspiracy theory than that? So it's religious people that are most susceptible. You know the region and the world or the nationalities where they are the most conspiracy theories? I'm curious if anybody can guess where in the world you have the most conspiracy theories? I mean, conspiracy theories everywhere. Every culture has it because every culture has primacy of consciousness. Every culture has its mysticism. Every culture has its form of religion. But which culture has the most, the more virulent, the most powerful, the most prevalent, the most dominant conspiracy theories? Yeah, it's not the United States. It's the Middle East. By the way, Daniel Pipes has written, one of Daniel Pipes' books is all about conspiracies in the Middle East. And it derives from their religiosity. It derives from their existence already of theories, explanations for the world that are devoid of evidence. Once you accept that explanations are possible for things without evidence, there's no limit. There's no limit to the conspiracy theories you can absorb. And of course, this is why conspiracy theories are so prevalent among evangelicals. So among Americans, it's they're much more prevalent among evangelicals who even among the Christians are the least rational. Evangelicalism is a much more emotional connection to God. It rejects kind of the Catholic attempt to use logic and rationality in dealing with theology. So you have among evangelicals, this is where QAnon has thrived. They're very susceptible to conspiracy theories because they've already accepted. Emotions is a tool of cognition. They've already accepted explanation after explanation after explanation of events in the world that they preachers tell them about with no evidence, no facts, no explanation, no real explanation, no explanation connected to reality and proven logically. Logic is irrelevant among evangelicals. And the more mystical evangelical, the more susceptible they are to conspiracy theories. So, and so you have to have a privacy of consciousness, primarily I'd say this is religionists. Of course, the left also has its versions of privacy of consciousness, which often impact them in the same way and encourages them or makes them opens them to be susceptible to conspiracy theories. And of course, I think it also requires a certain lack of self-esteem, a lack of efficaciousness when it comes to reason and rationality, it comes from a certain fear of the world because one can't explain it. It is a search to reduce your fear through quote explanations. It's a search by people who are fearful of reality because they've rejected it, they're fearful of reality to see order in the universe. We all want order, we want explanations, we want to understand and conspiracy theories provide that order, they provide explanations. Oh, I see why Trump lost, how could Trump lose? He's the greatest president all of human history. Americans, all Americans know this, so how could he ever lost? Well, because the powers to be Democrats, Jews, the operators of voting machine companies, whatever, conspired to cheat, that's the explanation because I can't explain it otherwise. If he's the greatest of all time, which is already a delusion, then they must have cheated. There's no other possibility. Thank you for listening or watching the Iran Book Show. If you'd like to support the show, we make it as easy as possible for you to trade with me. You get value from listening, you get value from watching, show your appreciation. You can do that by going to iranbrookshow.com slash support by going to Patreon, subscribe star locals and just making a appropriate contribution on any one of those channels. Also, if you'd like to see the Iran Book Show grow, please consider sharing our content and of course, subscribe, press that little bell button right down there on YouTube so that you get an announcement when we go live. And for those of you who are already subscribers and those of you who are already supporters of the show, thank you. I very much appreciate it.


My name is Sam Dutney. I am the author of Malignant Self-Lover, Narcissism Revisited. Patients afflicted with a fictitious disorder, colloquially known as Mintschausen syndrome, seek to attract the attention of medical personnel by feigning, or by self-inflicting, serious illness, or even injury. Mintschausen by proxy syndrome, another type of disease, is also known as fictitious illness or disorder by proxy, fictitious illness imposed by another, or in the United Kingdom, FII, fabricated or induced illness by carers. Anyhow, Mintschausen by proxy syndrome involves the patient inducing illness in, or causing injury to, a dependent, usually a child, or an old parent. This is done in order to gain in her capacity as a caretaker the attention, praise and sympathy of medical care providers. Both syndromes, the Mintschausen syndrome and the Mintschausen by proxy syndrome, are forms of shared psychosis, foliadeux, or foliapresieux. It is a form of crazy-making, with hospital staff as unwilling and unwitting participants in the drama. Superficially, this overwhelming need for consideration by figures of authority, by role models such as doctors and nurses, this need for attention, resembles the narcissist's relentless and compulsive pursuit of narcissistic supply. Narcissistic supply to remind you consists of attention, adulation, admiration, or being feared and noted. Still, there are important differences between classical narcissism and Mintschausen by proxy. To start with, the narcissist, especially the somatic narcissist, worships his body and cherishes his health. If anything, narcissists tend to be hypochondriacs. They are loath to self-harm and self-mutilate. They are reluctant to fake laboratories and consume potentially deleterious substances to medications. Unlike the Mintschausen patient, they are not likely to harm themselves. They are also unlikely to seriously damage their sources of supply, in other words, their own children, as long as they are compliant and adulating. As opposed to narcissists, people with both Mintschausen syndromes desire acceptance, love, caring. They seek relationships and nurturing, not merely attention. Theirs is an emotional need that amounts to much more than the mere regulation of their sense of self-worth, as is the case with narcissists. People with Mintschausen syndrome have no full-fledged false self, only a clinging, insecure, traumatized, deceitful, and needy true self. Mintschausen syndrome may be called morbid, can be diagnosed with personality disorders. And patients are pathological liars, some of them are schizoid, paranoid, hypervigilant, and aggressive, especially when they are controlled, but this doesn't make them narcissists. While narcissists are indiscriminate and promiscuous when it comes to their sources of narcissistic supply, anyone would do. Patients with Mintschausen syndrome derive emotional nurturing and sustenance, mainly from healthcare practitioners.


This paper reports a new copper complex with a short CU. CU distance, which is conducive for CC coupling during CO2 reduction. The complex has been shown to have excellent activity for CO2 reduction with a faradaic efficiency of 55-1 percent. This article was authored by Ji Ming-Hung, Halin Zhu, Zhenhua Zhao, and others.


Hi everyone, Joe for JaspeysCaseBreaks.com coming at you with a random number block for Immaculate Football Picker Team 6, featuring the Rams and the Steelers. I think most of you know how the random number block stuff works by now. Big thanks to this group for getting into this serial number action here. Let's roll it, randomize it three into two, five times for names and numbers. One, two, three, four, and five, Terry down to Brian, and then three into two, five times for the numbers. One, two, three, four, and five. We've got seven down to three. Alright Terry, you've got seven, Joe with nine, Brian with four, Alan with six. Terry with one, Eric with eight, Joe with five, Robert with two and zero. Robert, you'll get any and all redemptions for the Rams and Steelers in this three box break, including one of one redemptions. Terry, you'll still get live one of ones obviously and Brian with three. Let's order these numerically and I'll see you in the next video for the break itself, JaspeysCaseBreaks.com.


This research examined the effects of remelting and solidifying layers of an albast alloy with an electric arc to reduce cavitation erosion. The results showed that the remelting process increased the hardness of the surface layer and decreased the erosion rate. This was attributed to the improved microstructural homogeneity and grain refinement caused by the remelting process. This article was authored by Ion Maitreya, Ilari Bordesu, Florent Frant, and others.


Felly, o ran y pethau am busnes y pethau am eu pethau, ac o ran y pethau am y cyfraff am gweinidol Covid-19 a'r busnes paroleumau. Mae gwneud gwladwch o aelodau. Mae'r pethau o'r gweithgwyr, i'n dweud y byddau y pethau, i'n dweud rwynhau un i ddechrau a'r dweud drwy a lawer o'r pethau i ddymarfer, ac yn dweud ddim yn dweud yn dweud sy'n gwneud â'r dweud. Mae'n dweud i gwneud o gweithgwyr, ac mae'n dweud â'r dweud, ac mae'n dweud o dweudyear to be as brief as possible?izaid y peth nr 1. S sustaineth George Adam To ask the Scottish Government whether it will propose scheduling parliamentary time to debate strengthening the scrutiny role of the Parliament in holding the Scottish ministers to account. Minister George Adam Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I thank Dr Hpurpose for his question. The Scottish Parliament is responsible for all matters relating to its function and internal operation and it is for the parliamentary bureau to recommend the plenary business schedule The Government would encourage any member wishing to propose reform of current parliamentary procedures to raise such proposals with the Standards, Procedures and Public Appointments Committee. The Government stands ready, if invited, to discuss any reform proposals, and earlier today I met with Donald Cameron to discuss his proposals for parliamentary reform and what was a very productive meeting. Dr Gilhane. Minister, parliamentary scrutiny is so important in a democracy, as it means that we get to challenge the Government on its failings, and as we know, there are too many to count from this SNP Government. We know that the SNP do all they can to suppress scrutiny, as we've seen from their attempt to stop the public from viewing their leadership hustings. To disprove this notion, could the Minister commit today that his Government will not be taking away any opposition debating time? Minister, can you move the microphone slightly towards you please? Yes, no problem. Most of that was complete and utter nonsense from the member with the great respect. As I mentioned in my previous answer, I had a very constructive meeting with Donald Cameron regarding his proposals and looked forward to his future proposals coming forward. One of the things that I would say to Dr Gilhane is that Mr Cameron did this in a very constructive manner. If he wants to work with the parliamentary bureau, I would ask him first and foremost to talk to his own business manager and take it from there. Question 3, Stephen Kerr. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will propose time for parliamentary debate on the effective scrutiny of Scottish ministers. Minister George Adam. Thank you, Mr Kerr, for the same question. As I just confirmed in my answer to Dr Gilhane, I would reiterate that this Parliament's responsibility for all matters relating to its function and internal operation. I know that the minister is a committed and passionate Parliamentarian and he is as keen as I am to safeguard the reputation of the Scottish Parliament. I also know that he will be very familiar with the obligations to the ministerial code. Yesterday, Minister Lorna Slater made no serious attempt to answer a question that was asked of her four times. There are other examples of ministers reverting to scripted answers even when they bear no relation to the question asked. As the Parliament's man in the Government, will the minister remind his colleagues, as was highlighted by the Presiding Officer yesterday, that there is an obligation, more borne of respect than anything else, to fairly and squarely address the questions being asked of them in this chamber? Minister. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I thank Mr Kerr for that supplementary. My answer would be that, on many occasions, Mr Kerr and I have had our interpretation of answers and discussions will have been entirely different and it is down to the individual as to what they interpret the answer to be, but I, like my colleagues, take our role in Parliament very seriously as does my colleague Lorna Slater. To ask the Scottish Government what assessment it has made of any potential impact on turnout at future Scottish Parliament and local authority elections of the introduction by the UK Government of Voter ID requirements for elections to the UK Parliament. Minister Jordan. Thank you, Presiding Officer, and I thank Mr Allen for that question. The requirement for voter ID was introduced by the UK Government for reserved elections. Voters that devolved elections in Scotland for the Scottish Parliamentary and local government do not require voter ID. The Scottish Government remains strongly opposed to it and has concerns about the potential for confusion and disenfranchement of voters. We will look closely at the operation of voter ID in local government elections in England this May and my officials and several electoral administrators from across Scotland will be attending some of the polling places as observers. I thank the minister for that reply. Given that the incidence of voter fraud that this measure proports to tackle are extremely rare as far as anyone can establish, does the minister believe that that measure has been introduced in good faith? Or is it simply a way for the Tories to cling on to a couple of last remaining seats at the next UK election? Minister. I think that Mr Allen made his point clear there, but the introduction of voter ID will no doubt make it more difficult for some voters to participate. That is why this Parliament has rejected going down that route for all elections. Any policy that risks excluding voters should be, Presiding Officer, opposed. To ask the Scottish Government what steps it is taking to increase voter turnout in both Scottish Parliament and local government elections. Minister. I thank Mr Doris for that question and turn out at the most recent Scottish Parliament election in 2021 was at 63.5%, an increase of 7.7% from the election before. At local government elections in May 2022, turnout was 44.8%, a 2% decrease from 2017. The changes in turnout are a result of a range of factors and we have been seeing in the past voters will turn out in greater numbers when they are engaged. This is not something that the Government can wholly influence, but our on-going consultation on electoral reform seeks views on how to improve voter registration and how to make voting more accessible. Bob Doris. Votes must not just be cast in large numbers, they must also count. That is a concern that I have within Canal Ward the constituency that has more rejected ballot papers than any other council ward at the 2020 election three times the national average. I have raised those concerns constructively with the Electoral Commission. Can I ask the minister to meet me to discuss my suggestion, the Electoral Commission of a statutory duty, to make an impact or to reduce the levels of such ballpapers, as well as other specific ideas that I have to make sure voters' votes are cast and counted and not inadvertently spoiled? Minister. I thank Mr Doris for that question. As always, I am happy to meet Mr Doris to discuss any of the proposals that he has, but I will reiterate what I said previously to Mr Doris in this chamber, which is that I agree that we must do whatever we can to ensure that no one loses their vote because they do not understand how to complete the ballot paper. I am pleased to hear that Mr Doris has constructive engagement with the Electoral Commission and others who have a key role to play in supporting and educating voters. I will consider what more can be done on this issue and will take forward after electoral reform consultation closes. Question 5, Oliver Mundell. To ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on how its Covid recovery strategy is supporting the tackling of health inequalities, including in relation to accessing key services such as dentistry. The Scottish Government's Covid recovery strategy is addressing the systemic inequalities that were exacerbated during the pandemic and includes a focus on the wellbeing of children and young people. Following restrictions on dentistry during the pandemic, we introduced a new enhanced examination from February 2022 targeting oral health inequalities, particularly in children. The latest statistics show that over 1.6 million NHS examination appointments were completed between April and October 2022, which includes 440,000 child examinations from February 2022. That means that we are on course for over 3.5 million contacts in the 2022-23 financial year, an increase of 40 per cent in NHS dental activity compared with the previous year. Oliver Mundell. I thank the cabinet secretary for that answer. I am inundated by constituents who were not able to see a dentist during Covid and who now find that their NHS dentist has gone private, not dentists that have left or stopped practising, just ones that will only see patients if they pay. Does the Deputy First Minister recognise the health inequality that perpetuates and will he use his cross-governmental role in co-ordinating the Covid response to see what more can be done in the time that he has left? Cabinet Secretary. This is an important issue that Mr Mundell raises and it is important that people have access to NHS dentistry services. People in some circumstances opt for private dental care in other circumstances. We have to make sure that that is provided. I know that NHS Dumfriesen Galloway in relation to the constituency points that Mr Mundell has raised are focusing on improving the registration levels through the work of the local dental task force. I understand that up to 4,000 additional NHS registrations are being made since the new year in the Dumfriesen Galloway board area. That is an encouraging first step, but I recognise the importance of ensuring that there is an effective NHS dentistry service available in all parts of Scotland, including in Dumfriesen Galloway. I have a number of supplementaries. I want to get them all in, but again brief questions and brief answers. First, Paul Sweeney. Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. Can the Deputy First Minister please confirm when the Scottish Government will provide a consultation with the costings associated with the revised determination 1 so that formal negotiations on payment reform can commence? I am afraid that I do not have that information to hand, but I will write to Mr Sweeney about it. Thank you. We must face up to the reality of Brexit, given that more than 60 per cent of the dental workforce is European and before the EU referendum consistently well over 500 dentists trained in the EU and after registered in the UK. Will the cabinet secretary explain the measures that have been taken to mitigate those challenges with a view to sustaining a rural dental workforce? There is a general issue within our society about the availability of skills in the post-Brexit environment. We are seeing some of the hard realities about the contraction in the working-age population within Scotland now presenting themselves. Those were things that were a substance of real worries 20 years ago. They were alleviated by our participation in the European Union and the free movement of individuals. They are now an acute threat to our society today. We have to recognise that. In relation to the specific points that Gillian Martin raises with me, we have put in place a number of measures to assist in the recruitment and retention of dental staff for their fiscal incentives, for newly qualified and trainee dentists. Despite the workforce challenges that we face, we remain in a positive position with relative strength of 57 dentists per 100,000 of population providing NHS dental services in Scotland compared to 43 per 100,000 in England. Bruce Lee, Willie Rennie. I recently met local NHS dentists in North East Fife who report a significant backlog that they are having to work through. That is a significant increase in decay because the patients have been waiting for so long. They are concerned, however, that they will not be able to deal with this backlog because the cost of treatment is not matched by the fees that they are receiving from the Government. Will the Minister take it up with the health secretary to ensure that the new fee regime does reflect the cost of treatment so that we can deal with this backlog? As briefly as possible. The Government obviously reviews all of these issues and I will look with care at the points that Mr Rennie makes but I do have to put on the record, as I have said to Parliament on countless occasions, there are financial constraints in which we are operating. We are trying to support public services to the greatest effect that we possibly can do but there will be challenges in dealing with the recovery from Covid and the significant backlogs that will exist as a consequence of the absence of treatment for so many people for so long. To ask the Scottish Government how its Covid recovery strategy is supporting third sector organisations in rural and island communities such as Argyll and Bute to improve health support including for people with long Covid. The third sector is supported across each local authority area through third sector interfaces which offer a variety of development needs and provide a voice into local decision making structures including health and social care partnerships and integrated joint boards. Increasingly, third sector interfaces are involved in broken new services across boundaries and managing funds for local partners. For example, in Argyll and Bute, there are over 200 health and social care-related services being delivered by the third sector with support from the third sector interface. Jenny Mitchell. I thank the Deputy First Minister for his answer. During the Covid-19 pandemic we saw innovative community-led activity to support community resilience. It worked particularly well in rural and island communities of Argyll and Bute where people have a strong sense of community spirit and social capital. For example, they know their neighbours and who might be vulnerable or at risk. The community planning structure has provided a framework for mobilising the support but there is much learning that can be gained from putting power into local communities. How can the role and power of communities be strengthened for future community resilience? One of the most important points is that we need to make sure that we lose none of the ways of working that were so prevalent in our communities, particularly in rural and island communities that have been highlighted in the original answer from Jenny Mitchell. I think that those services and approaches should be enabled by the work of community planning partnerships. One of the priorities of the Covid recovery programme board has been to work with the community planning infrastructure around Scotland and every local authority area to bring together organisations and through the third sector interface to ensure the availability and the opportunities of third sector activity to enhance that provision are clearly understood and articulated. I can assure Jenny Mitchell that that work has a high priority within Government to ensure that the vital work of community organisations is significant as we take the steps to recover from Covid. Can a number of supplementaries as briefly as possible first, Murdo Fraser? Thank you, Deputy Presiding Officer. If you'd indulge me for a second as I understand this may be the last Covid recovery questions which I'll be shadowing the Deputy First Minister, can I just recognise all the effort he has put into that role over the past number of years and our mostly cordial exchanges here in the chamber and also in committee which I'm sure will continue with him on the back benches. In relation to the question the Covid recovery committee has heard from long Covid sufferers including those from rural and island communities who have been very clear in their view that the number one ask they would have is for the introduction of long Covid clinics in Scotland to reflect what happens elsewhere in the United Kingdom. Will the Deputy First Minister in his last few weeks consider whether those can be introduced? Cabinet Secretary. I'm grateful to Mr Fraser for his kind remarks and I look forward to deploying what contribution I can make to Parliament in the years to come from the back benches where I look forward to questioning Government ministers on the way in which they deport their responsibilities and to ensure for Dr Gullhane and Mr Kerr's benefit that there's proper accountability in Parliament. I shall ensure single-handedly from my Parliamentary perspective. I recognise the substance of the issue that Mr Fraser raises about long Covid and long Covid clinics and those issues are being examined to determine whether or not long Covid clinics are the appropriate way forward but what is absolutely essential is that anybody experiencing long Covid should through their interaction with the general practice system in Scotland be able to access healthcare services that will meet their needs. Their needs will vary depending on how long Covid has affected those individuals but in all circumstances they should be able to have access to the appropriate level of care and support and I certainly assure Mr Fraser that I will use my remaining period in office to ensure that that is the case. I can confirm Mr Swinney that Mr Ewing has a seat safely secured for you up at the back. Jackie Baillie. Long Covid Scotland tell us that one in five Covid sufferers have actually been forced to go private for tests and investigations because there is a lack of access to NHS services. We now know that there are 175,000 people living with long Covid. That's three times more than when the Government announced £3 million for services specific for that. Will the Scottish Government increase the funding because that's what's necessary to help support those with long Covid? If you'll forgive me for a second. I do want to make clear that I will make my own choices about where I sit in this Parliament in the foreseeable future. In relation to the point I certainly will sit nowhere near Jackie Baillie I can tell you that. I am nothing but candid to Parliament. It's all part of my belief in parliamentary scrutiny and accountability which I've championed all my days. In relation to the Jackie Baillie asked me to increase the funding. I wonder if Jackie Baillie was paying attention to the budget because the budget increased the funding to the national health service by £1 billion and it wouldn't have happened if I hadn't taken the tough decisions to increase tax. Jackie Baillie, as always, and this is a piece of parliamentary feedback that they're running commentary from Jackie Baillie who speaks throughout your answers when she's not listening to the answers given carefully by Government ministers and she's also doing it again as I continue to give my answer and will continue on this farago of nonsense for as long as it takes me for Jackie Baillie to stop talking while I'm answering the question so I may be here a long time. No, you won't, Mr Swinney. The point is longer than I anticipate being here but the key point to Jackie Baillie is the funding has increased for the national health service and that can be deployed to meet the needs of individuals within our society which is what it's intended to do. I'm briefly Beatrice Wishart. I've met with several constituents living with long Covid, some of them known as first waivers and they told me that they felt that the support wasn't there when they needed it and this impacts on family life too with breadwinners unable to work and children who are coping with the enormous change in their lives as a consequence of their apparent with long Covid. What more can be done to support those living with long Covid and those within their household? The key point here is to make sure that for those who are suffering from long Covid they obtain the clinical interventions that they require and as I answered Mr Fraser earlier on that will vary from individual to individual so it's vital and that's why the increase in funding for the national health service is important is to better meet the needs of individuals and their clinical issues. In relation to the family context that Beatrice Wishart raises which is very important there will of course be a wide range of services available in the community and I'm very familiar with some of the carers support services in Shetland which I've always admired over the years they are very very good community based services that they will be available to support families in those circumstances so it will be a mix of clinical interventions but crucially we've got to make sure that that focuses on the needs of individuals and families which is right at the heart of the Covid recovery strategy. Question 7 Jeremy Balfour Thank you Deputy Minister to ask the Scottish Government whether any post legislative reviews of the Covid recovery reform Scotland act 2022 are being conducted. They are, the 2022 act includes a range of temporary justice measures which were due to expire November this year under the terms of the act the ministers must review the operation of each temporary measure before it expires to inform a decision on whether it should be extended for a further year if seeking any extension ministers must lay regulations to amend the expiry date alongside a statement setting out the findings of the review allowing for full parliamentary scrutiny. The remainder of the act comprises permanent provisions and no post legislative review is currently planned. Jeremy Balfour Can I also wish the cabinet secretary to the back bench but cabinet secretary the current recovery reform bill gives Scottish ministers the power to release prisoners early even before they have completed their sentence. This power was used disastrously by the SNP Government during the pandemic where they released hundreds of offenders at least 40 per cent of whom went on to re-offend yet despite this the SNP Government want to give themselves this permanent power to release prisoners early in the bail and release from custody Scotland bill. Will the cabinet secretary commit to taking out this provision from the bail and release from custody bill until the review has been conducted or whether this power is necessary and whether the reform of this act takes place? There will of course be full parliamentary scrutiny of the provisions that Mr Balfour has put forward and there will be ample opportunity for that scrutiny to take place so Parliament can determine in these questions and engage in that subject. To ask the Scottish Government whether it plans to propose the scheduling of time for a ministerial statement on compulsory sale orders. Any proposal for Government business and Parliament as agreed by the Scottish Cabinet, subject to consideration by the parliamentary bureau and in turn approval by the Parliament. I am aware that Mr Dunbar will have heard the proposal for social justice housing and local government. Speak about compulsory sales order during January's housing debate. The cabinet secretary highlighted the need for any new powers to be compliant with the European convention on human rights and the careful consideration that this requires. Jackie Dunbar. I thank the minister for his answer. Compulsory sale orders when introduced will allow local authorities additional powers to deal with both vacant, derelict and abandoned land and buildings and will allow a greater ability to tackle private absentee land owners. That could mean that the eyesore of logi shops in my constituency could be taken over and turned into a useful community asset. Can the minister advise on a timescale for the introduction of CSOs? Minister. Thank you very much. I can feel the members' pain on this issue but as I mentioned the ECHR implications for compulsory sale orders need careful consideration and I suggest that Jackie Dunbar contact the cabinet secretary for social justice housing and local government to talk through the detail. It may be that compulsory purchase could be suitable vehicle to tackle the issue in the meantime but I would encourage Aberdeen City Council to make contact with officials in the Scottish Government to discuss this further. That concludes portfolio questions on Covid-19 recovery and parliamentary business. We will now move on to the next portfolio on finance and the economy. I encourage members who wish to ask a supplementary to press the request-to-speak buttons during the relevant question and I call question number one, Maggie Chapman. To ask the Scottish Government whether it plans to define green jobs, including green energy jobs to help ensure that investment and resources can be targeted to achieve a low-carbon economy. Minister Richard Lochhead. The Scottish Government included a green jobs definition when the green jobs fund was launched in 2021 with the aim of supporting businesses and their supply chains to help them to better transition to a low-carbon economy. The definition ensured that civil projects could be identified and all green jobs created over the life of those projects accurately measured. Maggie Chapman. Skills Development Scotland has highlighted that we talk much about the technical and practical skills required for our new economy but rarely address the lack of meta skills working with people, problem solving and so on. Those skills are in abundance in jobs that should be considered green jobs. Those in health and social care, culture for example. Those are low-carbon jobs and will remain the foundation of our new low-carbon economy and society. Will the minister commit to redefining green jobs across all sectors and also to engage with workers especially those with fewer opportunities for retraining and reskilling who already possess the meta skills necessary for the success of Scotland's economy? The member raises a very important point, and I will certainly reflect on the argument that she makes. As she will be aware, there are several definitions of green jobs at the moment, not just in this country but throughout the UK and Europe and the rest of the world and indeed at UK level the Scottish Government has been engaging with the Office of National Statistics to who are currently reviewing their definition because the current definition is out of date and with the efforts towards net zero and all the new jobs that are being created it is really important that we have an up-to-date definition of green jobs. I will certainly take on board the points raised by the members when we move forward with this debate. Lot of interest on this question, I will try to get all the supplementaries in but they will need to be brief as all the responses first to Liam Martin. The ministers will waive my report on just transition which outlined the issues that oil and gas workers have in transitioning. Could you provide an update on the work that the Scottish Government is carrying out in taking down those barriers for them transitioning to low-carbon jobs? As the member will no doubt be aware, we have our just transition planning framework which is a world first and our first sector-based plan which is the draft energy strategy and just transition plan is currently under consultation until May. I know the member, Gillian Martin, takes a very close interest given her constituency interest in the offshore industry in North East Scotland and I'd urge everyone to submit to that consultation. We are also working with communities, businesses and workers as we develop further sector-based plans with drafts being published before the end of the year alongside the climate change plan and that will cover areas like buildings and construction, land use and agriculture and transport. There is a lot of work taking place to meet the concerns expressed by Gillian Martin. Liam Kerr. An independent report suggests that this Government's approach will cut Scottish oil and gas and low-carbon GVA from £19 billion to £12 billion by 2050 as a direct result of a reduction in jobs, conservatively, estimated is going from £57,000 to £32,000 by 2030 and those jobs that remain will be on a far lower average salary. Therefore, rather than gaming definitions to appease the green coalition partners, does the minister agree that this Government's time would be much better spent revising its threadbare energy strategy? Minister. Can I tell the member I spend a great deal of time talking to companies in the offshore sector and energy sector in the north-east of Scotland and the member's region perhaps more than he does and what I hear back from them is that they see massive job opportunities in the journey towards net zero and indeed RGU and other institutions have predicted that we could have a net gain in jobs in north-east Scotland if we get this right in the coming decades. Irrespective of his party's policies or my party's policies the north-east province is in decline and therefore these jobs have to be replaced that is unavoidable and that's why it's so important. We do have a just transition and make sure over the next 20 years we have good green jobs for people to move into and transition into so they can continue to be in employment. Yesterday at finance committee saw the spring budget review cut £68.5 million due to apparently a lack of demand and while the number of completions is down the number of surveys last year was 20% up so does that not suggest rather than a lack of demand it's a lack of ability to deliver on that demand that is actually throttling back our delivery against these key and vital funds to deliver net zero in Scotland's buildings and homes? Patrick Harvie, the minister responsible is putting together a very ambitious plan of decarbonising buildings and homes in Scotland that has the potential to create thousands and thousands of new jobs across all our communities in Scotland but I should highlight the recent research that was published by Skills Development Scotland working with Warwick University and Strathwyth University that says in Scotland we now have up to 100,000 new green jobs in this country there are other reports that say that Scotland is ahead of the rest of the UK in terms of progress over the creation of green jobs as well so I think we're in a good place there's a lot of work to be done but there's evidence there we are creating good green jobs in this country Question number 2 Fiona Hyslop To ask the Scottish Government what its initial assessment is of any potential impacts that the Windsor framework may have on Scotland's economy Minister Ivan McKee Clearly the Scottish Government welcomes this framework in terms of its importance to wider relations in Northern Ireland and between the EU and the UK some businesses which trade with Northern Ireland face fewer barriers to trade this may provide welcome relief for Scotland's worlds around seed potato industry for example which has been harmed so badly by Brexit but this framework does not resolve burdensome Brexit barriers for Scotland while Northern Ireland of course will still benefit from being part of the single market Scotland must get the right to choose our own future that does take us back into the EU with all the benefits that will generate Fiona Hyslop If for many years have supported the specific needs of Northern Ireland recognise how precious peace is and the need to restore a functioning democratic assembly at Stormont and welcome the breakthrough on this issue which is needed to remedy a problem of the UK Government's own making but does the minister agree that it would be blinkered to not understand that this will have a knock-on impact on Scotland's economy and although many of us are of the view that full access to the single market is an unbelievably special position a prize as the Prime Minister puts it Are there any short term measures the Scottish Government can take to protect Scottish SMEs from the competitive advantage that Northern Ireland now has? The Windsor framework clearly represents a welcome improvement in conditions for the Northern Irish economy which will now have lower barriers to trade with businesses in Britain This could benefit the many Scottish businesses trading with Northern Ireland but we should not forget that Northern Irish firms will continue to have a competitive advantage over Scottish firms trading with the EU because of their access to the large and lucrative single market that Scotland was forcibly removed from This is just another of the many consequences of Brexit the only solution to which is for Scotland to rejoin the EU as an independent nation The Scottish Government continues to provide support to our businesses as in focus as a trading nation which remains firmly focused on the recovery and growth of Scotland's exports through values-based trade and our trading relationships with the EU remain central both now and in Scotland's future Fyglomentwyll Liz Smith Thank you Deputy Presiding Officer May I indulge your patients again and the minister's patient This is the first formal occasion in the chamber since John Swinney intimated his intention to step down as Deputy First Minister on the opportunity to wish him well in the future whether in education or in finance over a very long period of time I've certainly enjoyed our feisty exchanges in this chamber even if we have seldom agreed on anything but can I ask the minister in relation to the Windsor agreement does he at least acknowledge that one of the benefits is a much improved working relationship between the UK Government and the EU which is something that his colleague Mr Swinney often calls for Yes indeed that is the case and I think I've made clear my answer that we welcome the agreement clearly it remains the case that there are still restrictions fewer but there are still some restrictions with trade to Northern Ireland but of course as the Prime Minister himself said it puts Northern Ireland in a very advantageous position with regards to having a foot in both the UK and EU markets a position that we believe is something that Scotland should be able to realise as well Thank you Presiding Officer I would like to ask the Scottish Government whether it will provide an update on the implementation of the fourth national planning framework since its adoption on 30 February 2023 Minister Tom Arthur Presiding Officer I was delighted to adopt NPA 4 on 13 February it is now part of the development plan and will be influential in all planning decisions In just a short time good progress has already been made on key actions from the delivery programme and I have published a letter outlining transitional arrangements to support early implementation I will shortly lay regulations in this Parliament setting out the arrangements for new style local development plans and so complete the reforms of the development planning system NatureScot has recently published guidance to support application of NPA 4 policy on biodiversity and further guidance including on 20-minute neighbourhoods and short-term lets is in preparation I thank the minister for that answer NPA 4 could be the key to making Scotland's places more sustainable, livable and productive and it is indeed heartwarming to see progress in the effect of delivery of these new policies but as councils begin reviewing their local development plans to align with NPA 4 can the minister outline the new planning system will accelerate Scotland's wellbeing economy? Our national spatial strategy will support the planning and delivery of productive places where we have a greener, fairer and more inclusive wellbeing economy We will actively encourage investment where it is indeed most by rebalancing development on the strengths and opportunities of each part of Scotland NPA 4 encourages councils in the preparation of local development plans to allocate a broad range of sites for business and industry taking into account local economic strategies and priorities This also supports broader objectives of delivering a low-carbon and net zero economic recovery and supporting community wealth and Scotland's wellbeing economy I will lay regulations in the Parliament on the new generation of place-focused local development plans which we will support with guidance on how councils can deliver on the ambitions in NPA 4 through their own plans A brief supplementary, Stephanie Callaghan Presiding Officer I would like to ask the minister if planning advice note 2011 and associated technical advice note 2011 on noise will be updated as part of the fourth national planning framework and if so will you take the world health organisation noise recommendations into consideration Briefly, it is possible minister With some substantial changes being made through the reform of our planning system including a new policy framework in NPA 4 I recognise there will be some discrepancies in existing planning guidance and advice as a result there will remain aspects of existing guidance which will still be useful for reference through the new planning system and policy approach Question 4 To ask the Scottish Government what the cost of the public purse will be of private finance initiatives and public-private partnerships in 2023-24 and how that compares to 2022-23 The latest published data shows that the total estimated payment costs of private finance initiative and public-private partnership contracts is £1.46 billion in 2023-24 and £1.41 billion in the year before that There is an increase of around £50 million broken down we see a cost increase in PFI contracts of £47.6 million in NPD contracts prior to 2010 of £1 million and in NPD hub programme contracts of £1.8 million The majority of PFI payments are index linked and rise by inflation each year while most NPD and hub payments are not making them less sensitive to inflation I thank the cabinet secretary for that reply and while he is standing down from government now I hope that he will indeed soon return Does he share my concerns that 75 remaining PFI and PPP schemes will now cost an additional £770 million to the termination of the contracts all to be borne by the taxpayer What does that say, cabinet secretary about the financial recklessness and short-sightedness of Labour and the Lib Dems who bequeathed these schemes to the people of Scotland 16 years ago and for which taxpayers will continue to pay for many years to come Cabinet secretary I sympathise entirely if you agree with the point that you put forward by Mr Gibson as Mr Gibson will know this government brought to an end the PFI scheme because it simply didn't deliver money we introduced more affordable schemes and as well as stopping the excessive profits NPD hub payments are largely not index linked and this is a crucial point which is at the heart of the question that Mr Gibson puts to me the folly of linking the PFI schemes to inflation which benefited those providing the finance has resulted in an inflationary climate in excessive profits being made which were baked into the contracts by the Labour and Liberal ministers who approve those contracts those are fiscal folly and I'm glad that we've taken the measures that we've taken to reduce the drain that they represent on the public purse if they'd been carried on but of course we are paying for the legacy of those mistakes brief supplementary Alexander Stewart the SNP liked to point the finger but their own track record on this front isn't exactly glowing what lies behind this question is the relative inefficiency and ineffectiveness of the Scottish Government's ability to deliver projects therefore what is the Scottish Government doing to ensure that going forward financial assessments are carried out to provide best value for the public purse I have absolutely no idea what that question was about because I came I was up in Aberdeen this morning I saw I didn't go on the Aberdeen western peripheral route Mr Burnett is sitting right behind beside Mr Stewart the Aberdeen western peripheral route I saw the junction, I didn't go on that route I went to Robert Gordon university beautiful building Aberdeen western peripheral route delivered I came down the road I came over the Queensferry crossing where did that come from delivered on time on budget by this Government thank us for it question number 5 Stuart McMillan thank you to ask the Scottish Government what financial support in addition to local government settlement will be allocated to Inverclyde council in 2023-24 and how this compares to 2022-23 at this stage I can confirm that Inverclyde council will receive £201.9 million to fund vital day-to-day services from the settlement which is an extra £5.3 million compared to 2022-23 in addition they will receive their fair share of the undistributed sum of £329.8 million which includes the extra £223 million announced as part of the stage 3 of the budget bill all councils including Inverclyde will receive additional funding from individual portfolios in year over and above the local government settlement but it's too early to say how much and how this will compare with the current year Stuart McMillan I thank the Deputy First Minister for that reply and the Deputy First Minister will be well aware of the economic and social challenges facing Inverclyde and with the Clyde Green Freeport bid narrowly missing out on becoming one of the two Freeports in Scotland I'd like to ask the Deputy First Minister what additional support the Scottish Government can and will provide to Inverclyde to attract investment to the district and will the Scottish Government still consider a detailed business case from Inverclyde council to help address the 40 plus years of managed economic and social decline and my constituency has suffered from I understand the disappointment in the Inverclyde area at the unsuccessful bid in relation to the Green Freeport process but I do assure Mr McMillan that a rigorous and dispassionate process was undertaken by Scottish and United Kingdom Government ministers and officials in that respect there are a range of measures that are taken forward to support the Inverclyde economy and that the system and enterprise continues to engage with the Inverclyde task force there is of course the city region deal for the Glasgow and surrounding area which delivers substantial investment in the Inverclyde area and obviously there is investment that will be taken forward through the Clyde mission which will have an effect on the Inverclyde area into the bargain but I would say to Mr McMillan that the Government will of course consider the measures that are suggested by the council as we work to try to improve and strengthen the Inverclyde economy in the foreseeable future We've got three more questions on the order paper, I want to get through all of them but the responses and indeed the questions need to be slightly briefer and I won't be able to take any supplementary's Question number six, Marie McNair To ask the Scottish Government what assessment it's made of any cost pressure on council budgets relating to private, finance initiative and public that partnership contracts The Government recognises the challenging financial circumstances at local authorities and indeed the entire public sector are currently facing These challenges were considered and reflected in the Scottish budget decisions which will provide local authorities with nearly 13.5 billion pounds in 2324 including over 793 million pounds of additional revenue funding and the Scottish Futures Trust continued to work with local public authorities in Scotland to assist in making savings and improving performance across PFI and PPP contracts Marie McNair I thank the Deputy First Minister for that answer The figures provided to me by Weston-Barton Council alone will need to pay 15.9 million a year for many years to come By the end of the contracts this is estimated to have cost 437 million going on double the council's total revenue budget for education, social work and other services Does the Deputy First Minister agree with me that the new Labour-imposed funding mechanisms continue to be financially depilitating to councils draining resources that could be spent elsewhere? Marie McNair makes a very fair point The financial burden of these contracts is a millstone around a number of local authorities in Scotland These contracts were far too expensive they have far too much costs over a longer period of time and the costs are now having a real effect in eroding the budgets of local authorities Question 7 To ask the Scottish Government by how much local authority non-domestic rates bills will increase following revaluation of public sector properties based on rebuild costs using the 1 April 2022 tone date All properties will be revalued on 1 April 2023 including those in the public sector Revaluations redistribute the tax based on reflect changes in the market circumstances and ensure fairness for all ratepayers Many public sector properties are revalued using the contractor's method taking into account rebuild costs which have increased since the tone date for the previous revaluation took effect A revaluation summary report which will include information broken down by property class is expected to be published in 2023-24 once final values for the revaluation have been made Mark Griffin I thank the minister for that answer As he said, the contractor's method for determining real value using the real costs of recent new buildings is now passing artificially high values on to councils they are now facing spiralling non-domestic rates bill In South Lanarkshire, the bill has gone up by £2.9 million Can I ask the minister why the Government is using that method on increased bills to local authorities at an extremely difficult time for them? Minister As a member will be aware the matter of attrataining RVs for non-domestic properties is for Scottish successors who act independently in accordance with the legislation with regards to the funding that has been provided to local government this year it totals £13.5 billion which is over £700 million above what was indicated in the RSR Question 8, Alexander Burnett To ask the Scottish Government how the Scottish budget 23-24 will support the economic development and prosperity of the north-east Minister Richard Lochhead The Scottish Government is fully committed to supporting the economic development of the north-east the budget will reflect a continued investment to ensure a just transition to net zero that supports business growth and creates job opportunities and that includes the £500 million just transition fund £379 million for the Aberdeen city region deal £180 million for the emerging technologies fund £100 million for the green jobs fund and £75 million for the energy transition fund Alexander Burnett The SNP may claim they are delivering for communities in the north-east yet their policies undermine Scottish business Policies like the deposit return scheme which will bring economic ruin to firms across Scotland and one small business in my constituency Essence of Huntley is facing costs of £50,000 to implement DRS So can I ask the minister why should businesses in the north-east trust this SNP Government when time and time again they proceed with damaging or incompetent policies Minister I just outline to the member the unprecedented package of support for North East Scotland provided by the Scottish Government and on the other issues mentioned by the member ministers will of course continue to listen to business but can I suggest to the member that he speaks to his own UK Government on the ACORN carbon capture project which will create thousands of jobs in his constituency in north-east Scotland or indeed his Government should match the just transition fund provided by this Government to the north-east Scotland given they have taken over £300 billion out of the North Sea can they perhaps give some of that back to invest in the north-east of Scotland's future Thank you very much minister that concludes portfolio questions there will be a brief pause till the front benches to change before we move on to the next item of business