Today I'm going to be presenting some information about a research project that I have that's actually ongoing so I'll be presenting some preliminary findings but I'm still in the process of conducting the study so at some future date I would have some better findings for you. This project focuses on the potential advantages of Syrian diaspora assistance to diaspora refugees or to refugees rather. When I talk about the diaspora here I'm thinking of people who are economic migrants to places outside of Syria who maybe they or their parents migrated a generation ago and now are providing aid back to forced migrants inside Syria and in the neighboring countries nearby. My presentation does focus on advantages but I want to be very clear that I am not suggesting that diaspora aid is some sort of magic bullet that can solve all kinds of problems. We know there's a lot of things that are problematic about diasporas being involved in conflict so I just want to acknowledge from the outset that I am aware of that and I'm happy to have a conversation about that but because of the topic of this paper I'm looking specifically at potential advantages. Let's see. Alright so some of the preliminary findings that I have to present today are about some of the characteristics of these folks that are engaged in diaspora aid and this is that they have very strong motivations to be engaged in aid because of their familial ties their ancestral ties to the region. This causes them to be willing to persist even in the face of a lot of barriers to being able to provide that aid. They feel this very strong obligation to persist in providing aid. There's a lot of cultural competence and familiarity that comes with being a member of the diaspora although as I will mention there are some limitations to that as well. Also there are a lot of informal accountability mechanisms that come up in this provision of aid that are based on those social network ties that come from familial ties and friendship ties in the region. So I want to talk a little bit about what diaspora philanthropy is because I know it's not a concept everyone has heard of necessarily. Many of us are familiar with diaspora remittances. I think this audience in particular probably knows quite a bit about remittances and there is some relationship between the two so these data are a bit dated but the purpose really is to provide a sense of scope rather than precision so that this data from 2014 is we have 180 million migrants from poor countries around the world who send money home usually on a monthly basis if not more so this is a lot of money that's coming back to sending countries and we know that some portion of this money is in the form of philanthropy towards social projects although it's very difficult to get a good idea of the figure there the precise figures there if we compare this to foreign aid we see that actually remittances is has much is much larger than foreign aid if we look globally so we realize that this there's a lot of development potential in remittances if they're used appropriately and effectively this is just an example of the impact of remittances in various countries again this data is a little bit dated at this point but on average migrants send home about 200 US dollars per month to their country of origin and if we think about a place like Somalia where the income is about $250 a year is the average income then we can imagine that in some countries that's really quite an impact to have those remittances coming home so when we think about diaspora remittances and the research on remittances we have reason to believe that some of that also would apply to diaspora philanthropy which I in a moment I'll describe exactly what I mean by that we know that remittances have large impacts on local economies they tend to increase within stability and conflict this is different than other forms of aid a lot of times other forms of aid decreases when places become more unstable and there's more conflict remittances tend to go up because family members are very concerned about the people in their home country so it has sort of more of an insurance effect that when times get rough the money is going to increase the money goes directly to the poor it's not going through intermediaries and we do have pretty good research that shows that communities that receive high levels of remittances tend to have higher school attendance less school dropout higher birth weights all kinds of things that we know are really positively associated with well-being in communities now there are some challenges as well we know that the impacts of remittances and we assume also of diaspora philanthropy is unequal across communities and across individuals oftentimes folks who are able to send migrants abroad are not necessarily from the poorest or most in need communities my own country in the United States is a great example we have many many Indian migrants to Silicon Valley who are engineers and make lots of money and they send a lot of money back to India but that money is not going to the poorest of the communities because typically those folks who are able to migrate are not from the poorest Indian communities so we are not sure that there's going to be equal impacts in terms of those remittances and also these are intertwined this idea that the communities that are most able to send are not necessarily the ones that are in most need of the money and also remittances the investments are largely personal and they don't always address widespread social needs so you might be sending money home for your family members health care to help your mother repair her house something like that and whether or not it goes out into the broader community is still of question so for this project I'm looking specifically at diaspora philanthropy and so what I define this as for the purposes of this research project is money goods volunteer labor knowledge and skills other sorts of assets that are donated to a community that is broader than your family members in a country or a region where you have population with ancestral ties so the idea here would be that it's not just your family members it's going outside of that and the second thing that's key is that it's not I personally expand it beyond just country of origin because this allows us to consider for example Syrians in Great Britain who are sending money back to Turkey to help Syrian refugees in Turkey right it's not the country of origin but it's a southern country that's a host of a lot of these of these displaced people there's a lot of research on mechanisms of diaspora philanthropy today I'm specifically talking about this area in red which is foreign based ethnic NGOs so the folks that I've interviewed for this project are all members founders most of them of formal NGOs that are small Syrian diaspora NGOs so some of the presumed advantages of diaspora philanthropy that we see in the really small but growing literature on diaspora philanthropy is this idea that diaspora members may be better able to target difficult to reach locations or populations they presumably would have a better understanding of local needs and how to circumvent maybe challenges in the local system because they have that cultural familiarity with the systems in their local context there's a greater interest in persevering in spite of obstacles that might drive out other sorts of aid organizations that they would be able to identify local partners better and identify whether partners are trustworthy in a better manner than other types of organizations may be and also that they might have greater credibility with those partners so because they are from the area they speak the language they have the cultural competence those partners would see them as more credible and also there is some argument that diaspora organizations might be more willing to address problems that are controversial in the local community because of those country of residence norms so for example there's an argument that perhaps diaspora members are more willing to deal with issues of gender equality you know gay and lesbian issues other kinds of issues that might be considered controversial locally that would be maybe in the country of residence where they've migrated to would be considered more reasonable to try to address in some way there are also challenges we know that new migrants usually have really limited financial resources so being overly reliant on those migrants is a challenge there is some argument that countries of origin who are overly reliant on remittances may neglect development goals they might say oh well people are sending money home it's their job to take care of that work the state is no longer really going to address some of those needs and so that's a concern depending on why migrants left that they're the countries of origin might be very resistant to that investment especially if people left for political reasons or reasons of conflict and there's also issues that diasporas might be well meeting but not particularly professional right these are usually people that they're not professional aid workers this might not they don't maybe have training in public health or social worker education and those sorts of things so they're engaging in well meaning efforts but the question of effectiveness arises because of that training and as we know diasporas might also exacerbate conflict in some areas so my work focuses on Syrian migrants and I know we've all heard a lot about the crisis in Syria but I just wanted to remind us a little bit of how the crisis stands at the moment there are 5.1 million refugees that have fled Syria at this point we have 4.8 million of those refugees are in the global south so in spite of all of the media attention to migration to Europe the vast majority of these refugees are living in neighboring countries in the global south which includes Egypt Iraq Jordan Turkey and Lebanon Turkey hosts the largest number of refugees in terms of number in terms of proportion to the local population Lebanon hosts the greatest proportion of refugees relative to the local population and then inside Syria of course we have all kinds of problems continuing 6.3 million internally displaced people and then about 13.5 million that have been identified by the UN as being in need of humanitarian assistance even if they've been able to remain in their own communities so huge humanitarian crisis that we've all heard quite a bit about so it's important to consider the specific needs of migrants who migrate to other southern countries as opposed to wealthier northern countries so refugees who are able to migrate to European member states we have a sense that they are better off than refugees that stay in the south and by better off I do not mean to underestimate their suffering in any in any way but we know that people who stay in the global south are more likely to be less affluent they're more likely to be children or mothers of young children if you're elderly if you're ill with your if you're a person with a disability you're not going to be able to migrate all the way to Europe so the people who stay in the global south first of all we have way more refugees in the global south second they're a group that's particularly needy even in comparison to the broader refugee population and then I wanted to talk a little bit about Lebanon as a host state quite a few of my interviews are from Lebanon and I think it just provides a really interesting examination of what southern host state capacity is so in Lebanon for context it's about one 23rd the size of Ghana we're thinking about a pretty small geographic area about a third of the size of Belgium for people who maybe aren't as familiar with the geographic size of Ghana so we're talking about a relatively small country the population of Lebanon in 2012 before the conflict started was about 4.6 million now we have more than 1 million Syrian refugees in Lebanon they're actually not called refugees because Lebanon doesn't recognize formally that there is a conflict happening in Syria the Lebanese state has not legally recognized that and so they're they are visitors to Lebanon and I have here highlighted that that data is from May 2015 because that in 2015 the government of Lebanon asked the UN to stop registering new arrivals so we know that the number is actually much higher than one million but those folks have not been counted because the Lebanese government asked them to stop registering those new arrivals Syrian refugees live in more than 2,000 communities they've also built almost 1,500 informal refugee settlements in agricultural land and other places around the country 70% of these migrants in Lebanon live below the poverty line so they're very very much in need and Lebanon currently hosts the third largest number of refugees of any country so we have all these folks who have fled Syria all the people who are displaced within Syria and then thinking of Lebanon as a host state Lebanon is a country that already had very weak infrastructure even prior to the conflict they had their own civil war and ongoing sectarian conflict after the civil war that they've been recovering from some of you may have heard about the Lebanese garbage crisis in the news like really basic services are not always conducted there and so to have an additional million people there is really quite a burden well they've been wonderful hosts but it's quite a challenge for the for local organizations so for this study which is in process this is very very brief methods but I'm doing semi-structured interviews with people who are in leadership roles in Syrian diaspora nonprofits these are formally registered nonprofit organizations although they're registered in different countries they're not registered in Lebanon because the Lebanese government won't allow them to register there. I've been able to interview 26 folks who are in leadership roles by that I'm thinking of founders of the organization board members people who are sort of in a management level of directing programs and services and different initiatives. These are the people I've done formal interviews with I've been able to have conversations with upward of a hundred Syrian diasprans about their efforts there in Lebanon and all of the people that I've interviewed are either Syrian or they're of Syrian descent so these are some of the sites of where the folks live that I've been able to conduct interviews with and I already have my five minute warning so I'm going to do my findings more quickly one of the big findings of the project is that diaspora identity is a really strong motivator of philanthropy around these groups people feel a real obligation to give aid to their fellow Syrians because they have those ancestral ties and that's something that we would expect from the literature and anyone who's interested in my full paper I have a lot of great qualitative quotes that really demonstrate this and I'd be happy to share that with you but this diaspora identity is a very very strong motivator of philanthropy. This awareness that their fellow Syrians are reliant on assistance has created a real sense of obligation so even during times when other maybe not the largest aid organizations like the UN but when other mid-sized NGOs are deciding to pull out because things are becoming too difficult and too dangerous these organizations actually feel an added obligation to give more and give become more involved and this is something that we know from the literature on remittances but we did not know really about the about diaspora philanthropy. We do I do also find that there's additional cultural competence and local knowledge that helps in the work that these organizations are doing this is limited however in certain ways so what I find is that people who grew up in the region or nearby have much more cultural competence than for example people who grew up in North America or in Europe and so an example I might share is I was attending a meeting um with a lot of Canadian Syrian diaspora members and they were proposing some solutions for the schools and they said well we're going to buy everybody iPads we're going to stall apps and the students can learn um on these iPads and these apps in Lebanon in these camps and I had gone to visit these camps and so I sort of as the outsider had to remind them well there's no wi-fi in the tent camps and also there's not always electricity and there are not apps in Arabic and the students don't speak English yet and so some of these things that um someone who maybe hasn't visited the context in quite a while it's not obvious to them these these sorts of barriers that exist and so one future direction of research I'm very interested in is looking at um diasporas from different regions of the world and seeing how maybe the impressions and the understanding of local needs varies in those different regions. One of the things that I find most interesting in the project so far is the kind of accountability mechanisms that these organizations are able to develop because of their friendship and familial ties. So these organizations are doing things like carrying cash across international borders because there's no operating banking system inside of Syria they're trying to they're not allowed to open bank accounts in Lebanon they can sometimes do that in Turkey but when they're trying to move money they're having a local person go to the ATM every day and withdraw cash to maybe pay their doctors pay their teachers so there's a there are many many opportunities for for lack of accountability right for theft and embezzlement and all sorts of things but with their social network ties they're really able to identify trust trustworthy partners because of this reliance on familial networks. Someone's cousin knows the person in the village who's going to go ask everyone in the village what do you think of this person and and find out whether or not that person is a trustworthy um individual to work with and it's also very useful in terms of identifying other kinds of partners because they don't just have a humanitarian aid network they also have um they're from a variety of different professions right so if you need someone who can do cement work they have someone who knows how to do that and can come rebuild the school so there's sort of this access to a broader network than some others have and the reputation of course as you might imagine is really key in this environment um and some of you might say well reputation matters in all aid environments all organizations are concerned about reputation and if they get a reputation a poor reputation is going to be harmful to their work and that certainly is true but in these diaspora communities the role of reputation is much higher stakes because it's not just that you're going to professionally have a poor reputation you're in your family network in your friendship network in the village network you will get a bad name and that's something that's considered very damaging not just to you professionally but to you socially so there's there's a very very strong motivation to only recommend someone if you're absolutely confident that they can be a good partner and to only work with people that you are absolutely confident are going to do high quality work for you because the social stakes are very very high and so again I'm happy to talk with you more about this later but there are of course there are advantages and there are also limitations um the folks who I interviewed were very clear to say you know we help people in my village because that's where I know people is from my parents village and my grandparents village I know there's other communities where they need help but I don't have contacts there so it is very much reliant on the social network so the social network brings benefits but it also means you're limited to that population um I thank you for your time I think my time is up I got my zero minute sign and I'm more than happy to talk with you a little bit more later thank you


Hello my fellow Longmont Tonians. My name is Greg Harris. I'm running to become the next mayor of Longmont Many people have asked me why I'm running I've lived in Longmont for over 50 years and I'm tired of watching things be done the same old way It's time for a change. I want to improve the lives of the people of Longmont When you improve the lives of others you improve your life as well. We all know Longmont will grow Businesses want to come to Longmont To meet this need we must support the construction of the middle-class apartments and houses for those employed in Longmont Affordable housing is important But also is the middle-class workforce Attainable housing homes in the price range for people who earn between 80 and 120 of the median area income This is a huge barrier for prospective Longmont employees People in that price range have no housing inventory or development We have to be as focused on workforce attainable housing as we are in affordable housing This would reduce our carbon footprint immensely Many Longmont workers have long drives to get to work. This increases training costs And this city is not able to stop growing But we can't focus on housing for the poor People need to get in and out of town day and night. We commute bumper to bumper on the highway Longmont has grown by 10,000 people in the last 10 years. The highways have not Without addressing our infrastructure. Our current growth is unsustainable It will increase our vehicle emissions, especially during community hours with congested traffic Longmont has many roads that go north and south but east and west we only have highway 66 and 119 In 1957 the fences on highway 66 were moved back to expand into a four-lane highway But it never happened Then we were taxed for a train from the south, but it was never built and we didn't get our money back I oppose all excessive policies codes regulations and any fees attached to new construction Since they would add to the cost for consumers If it is necessary to fund some city programs that money should come from the general funds Longmont has an inclusionary housing ordinance And I oppose any expansion of that ordinance If we focus on the needs of the growing workforce Workers will spend less time commuting and this gives employers better training opportunities I also oppose any increases in water rates connection fees or tap fees And all efforts to limit residential growth We must support all efforts to substantially increase the number of homes built in Longmont I hear a lot of complaints at the city council meetings about getting the police to do this or that I think all these things are possible to make this happen I support increasing the budget for public safety and oppose any effort to defund the police As mayor I will do what needs to be done to keep Longmont businesses open The city and state should not decide which businesses should close and which should stay open I think the recent action by the boulder county government requiring masks everywhere was excessive government overreach Longmont has discussed community and developer interaction for years It needs to move beyond discussion and engage in positive actions I support the economic development recommendations of the Longmont economic development partnership As mayor I will lead the city council and city agencies and expediting project development To do that I will require a quarterly progress report from the city manager and agencies responsible for project approval A recent example of government overreach is the proposed healthy beverage ordinance Being considered by the city council good intentions do not justify government overreach City council should not micromanage restaurants and those in government should trust parents to make decisions for their kids I think this proposed ordinance is a waste of time and energy There are so many more important things for our local government to be spending their time on I ask for you to vote for Harris for mayor It's a vote for middle-class housing infrastructure improvements economic development and public safety Trust and parents not government to make the right choices for their children. Thank you


Ladies and gentlemen we take you now by transcription behind the scenes of a police headquarters in a great American city for under the cold glaring light we'll pass before us the innocence the vagrant the thief the murderer this is the lineup young number one Ernest Conway number two you have to talk up raising two hotels your boys work for Mr. Udo don't you? we don't work for nobody we don't even get along I guess we're with the cold anti-student that isn't what I'd call it oh that's pretty funny that's even fun next number two Ernest Conway Tommy Young and George Halston they were that kind of thing to words what were they? well nearest I can remember two knives probably six guns any of you three boys have ever been in a cigar? there's a two boys but I don't smoke you work for Mr. Udo don't you? who? Mr. Udo don't believe I know this gentleman alright thank you my pleasure Sergeant George Halston, murder get your hands out of your pocket where do you live George? 119 Sutton Drive your boys sure don't like getting arrested do they? keeping my nose out of other people and what were you doing in the cigar store last night? who said there wasn't any cigar store? well you know Ernest Conway wait till I ask the question I knew what you were going to do you don't wait anyway oh don't you like that you scared me to death stand up straight I'm proud coffee with a little dill forget it after you get the idea 28 arrests, reconvictions, grand theft auto served six years state prison, narcotics violation served a year in a day, college jail assault served three years in state prison how old are you George? three for the rest of the year don't you? no questions or identifications from the audience? you don't have to worry about any of those men they can't see you they don't know who you are if any one of those men have come into your shop and intimidated you just tell us and we'll see that they don't bother you anymore any questions or identifications from the audience? well how about it? Mrs. Fisher? no I don't think I've seen any of them no I don't I don't know them Mr. Henderson did one of those men come into your shop the other day and try to push you around? I don't think so I don't know I don't think so well look if you recognize one of them or even all three of them please tell us I promise you nothing will happen no no I I don't think I've seen any of them before no no I don't none of you? no no identification sergeant folks I can assure you that these men cannot sergeant run on the next bunch okay run them off I witnessed them making identification did you? no I had hopes none of the others have why should these be any different? because this time somebody's been killed all the more reasons for not saying anything they're scared scared stiff no I'd probably be just as scared making families to think about I know it what do you want to see me for? because it's gonna be a little while before I cool off if you're not gonna take it out on me mm-hmm rest of you don't I'm gonna tell him what I think of him he knows what you think of him then I haven't ever told him what do you mean sure you had not all of it you better cool it out after I tell him you think that's a good idea? well then forget it he knows it won't do any good no okay I mean no I'm not gonna forget it then I know I'm not using my head but don't gonna be okay okay you want to come along? wouldn't miss it do you think it's a mistake though huh? uh-huh you wouldn't do it huh? what do you mean I wouldn't do it? sure I'd do it but I still think it's a mistake if it was up to me I'd do just what you're doing but I can't see why you should be as stupid as I am well I haven't pounded a beat in a long time I could use the exercise the boy's down in the tank so you're my boy? young Conway and Halstead young Conway and Halstead I feel like I know what I can do for him I got them booked on a murder rap yeah that's right so what's that got to do with me? one of those boys beat up a man named Goldberg beat him up bad one of those boys did it that's right what is it Lieutenant? can't hold him on that kid for 72 hours sure I can't buy you a massage and a drink I didn't come down here to play with you you know what's fine I just what did you come down here for got three you've been running numbers free and easy in this time for a long time you know you've got every small businessman intimidated up to a thousand years seven Lieutenant you pushed him around, scared him to death and made yourself about four million a year you say that too now a little guy named Goldberg doesn't want your lousy racket in the shop so one, two or three of your gorillas try to change it I'll wait you listen to what I have to say you know not when you're running off at the mouth you'll listen and like not that kind of libel I will listen to you go chase yourself out of here come back with some proof before you start calling names you don't like something and get out you're out of line got three I don't have to sit here and take anything from you you know yeah why don't you have his throat out no that's not a bad idea Sergeant I think it's a fine idea I'd love for you to start something if I did you'd be back pounding the beat might be worth it your trespassing without a warrant no trap then get out of here right where but the last thing I'll do I'll have you both busted right back to directing traffic you know something you don't I don't think you can do it I like to see you try though so what I which ones are gonna be you don't have it thrown out or have it busted well one thing sure Guthrie you and your muscle bound friend are out looking for trouble and very honestly I'm not a bit worried so try and start all the trouble you can there's no law says I gotta sit around while you do it there you go sir now look I've put up with an awful lot it looks kind of stuff the same you're gonna listen to it boy you're too bit flat but who do you think you're trying to cry on I don't think you understand you're done right I don't understand who put you up to this huh who did you're both too smart to pull off a stunt like this who wants to ride me you just don't get it no it's the lieutenants in a nasty mood that's it huh that's it now you're gonna call your boys or have it busted or walk out of here we say you're gonna listen well what you're gonna be shoot off your face go ahead get it off your back you've got a lot of people scared you know a lot of people worried about what you might do if they point out one of your boys one of your boys went a little far this time I'm gonna get him and I'm gonna get you that's all of it for a while then get out you get it now don't you get what we just wanted you to know how much you're scared ah it's not yelling I'll see you up there okay what in the world you were thinking about you know what I was thinking about Charlie since one of you got so holy at an hour I can remember a couple of times well wait a minute I haven't climbed up your back yet sorry but I'm supposed to and you got it coming okay nobody likes Mr. Udo any less than I do but we haven't got anything on him he's still a citizen he's got a barrel of in a rotten barrel I don't care how rotten it is it causes trouble and you're a cop a servant of the people you can't go pushing people around just because you're a hothead no matter who they are okay okay oh what am I talking to you for get out of here pick you up in the morning they should get out of the right side of bed seven o'clock yeah I'm working out of the city orders to close up the first offences just make sure they don't pedal any more numbers those people couldn't afford to have their places closed but there's a law against the well the people that make any money out of it they wouldn't have broken the law if they hadn't been worried about getting their heads busted oh thanks they helped me get someone out of here I'd like to see you okay what is it hello Mr. Henderson oh hey Mr. Henderson what can we do for you I've been talking to Mrs. Goldberg for a while and I went back and talked to my wife mm-hmm what did you talk about well about coming down here in the lineup when I said I couldn't identify any of the men who had come into my store I lied two of those men been in my store they made me sell the numbers they pushed me around which two men Mr. Henderson Tommy Young good hostess get a sonography boys on Mr. Henderson's testimony we might even make one of them crack and implicate you though but we still won't nail anybody for the murder the rap isn't tough enough to scare it out of them no not these boys but you two will be plenty worried if he knows that we've got a witness that will send two of his boys to stare all right keep up with that quiet until the trial is set you just pick up Young and hostamp and say nothing about Mr. Henderson well you pick up Mr. Young and Mr. Hostap yes but I want Yudo to know who our witness is have no witnesses at all Henderson has agreed to help us out he knows just what he's up against now look Kelly all he wants is his family to be out of a way in a safe place we can do that but then you know how tough it is to look so does Henderson I'll have three detectives down in 24 hours a day but I want it to look like he's alone Yudo's no dummy he knows you wouldn't let a witness out on the streets without protection I'm gonna put an obvious man with Henderson when we think one of Yudo's torpedoes are ready to go to work we'll pull the man off make it look like he's got lazy I want somebody to try for Henderson it's the only way we'll get any of the Yudo crowd to tell us about the Goldberg murder okay then how are you going to know when Yudo's boy gets ready to go to work I've got somebody on everybody Yudo knows you and his mother I am Fisher McCarthy the client's playing it out in the open yeah, I think McCarty's wife's supposed to be with baby any day now you know something I should have known better I must be getting plum feeble in the head knew you had one cop on him, spotted him right away then when he went outside for the smoke I never figured you had more boys on Henderson big stupid me just thought how lucky it was that cop went off and left Henderson like that well we all make mistakes on it yes sir, I guess so but I sure do feel silly we're gonna try our best to see that you get life yes sir so you'll have company I'll stamp when y'all will get five to ten and that ain't much company look fellas I'm just a country boy and I put my foot in it but I figure you got something on your mind that you wouldn't be down here we wanna ask you some questions yes sir wanna make a deal huh we don't have to make a deal you mean if I was to tell you who done that killing you wouldn't help me out of prison a little earlier life's a long time you turn statesman's bound to be easier how much easier well maybe ten was time off for good behavior we don't know well ten's a lot better than life fellas I don't mind doing time because I got problem careless but just being a country boy who likes fresh air I don't think I could stand it for the rest of my life George Holstent killed that fella I wish you got him locked up Tommy Yoke yes sir where were you with Mr. Yudo you can ask him I'm going to boy I sure did make a mistake didn't I you sure did country boy lock her in her stuff in here


Daily Tech News show is made possible by its listeners, thanks to all of you, including Mark Gibson, Reed Fishler, and Michelle Serju. Coming up on DTNSY, a shoe company is building a tech center in Georgia, is LEGO building the real metaverse, and MLB goes high tech for pitch collars. This is the Daily Tech News for Thursday, April 7, 2022 in Los Angeles. I'm Tom Merritt. And from Studio Ribbit, I'm Sarah Lane. And I'm the show's producer, Roger Chan. Joining us from the SNABO S-Cast, Nika Bonford is here. Welcome back, Nika. Hello, hello. Thanks for having me back. Good to have you along. We've got some great stuff to talk with Nika about. Let's start with a few tech things you should know. New organizers of IFA Berlin announced that IFA 2022 will be an in-person event taking place from September 2nd through the 6th of this year. IFA last held a physical event back in 2019. Yeah, remember when we were going to send you to 2020, IFA? Yeah, yeah. Well, you know, you could revisit that perhaps. Yeah, we could try again. Samsung's one of the bigger canaries in the chip shortage coal mine, especially when it comes to mobile and memory. So keen watchers of the sector pay attention when Samsung announces its quarterly preliminary results. Here are the important takeaways. Samsung's revenue is up 17.8 percent, operating profit up 50.3 percent, both those compared to the same time last year. And the company says it's mobile and it's a chip business that led that growth. Strong Galaxy S22 sales, global unit sales rose 20 percent. Samsung also likely benefited from memory chip prices. It didn't make that clear, but the prices have been strong due to demand for data centers. Samsung's foundry sales also grew because they're making chips and there's a chip shortage. So people will turn to anybody who's got a foundry to make them some chips. Coinbase began testing support for India's digital payment system UPI last month. Coinbase officially launched support for UPI in its app with users in India able to send money to and withdraw from their accounts using the UPI network. However, the National Payments Corporation of India said in a statement Thursday evening it's not aware of any cryptocurrency exchange using UPI payment instructions. Yeah, well, those both could be true. Coinbase could just be like using UPI to put money into your account and then you use the money once it's in there. I don't know. India's Tata Group is truly a giant company across multiple industries. If you're from the US, imagine if AT&T also operated salt mines and steel foundries, Tata is planning to introduce a super app to take on geo platforms, Amazon and Walmart's Flipkart. Tata knew any W will include grosser big basket, electronic store, chroma, pharmacy service, one MG, fashion brand, click, Tata's own Tata Play, streaming Air Asia and Starbucks. All this alongside Tata Pay, different from Tata Play. Tata Pay is a UPI enabled payment service that offers loans and insurance as well as an incentive to get folks to use the app. The rewards program of participants will be unified into new coins, each equivalent to one rupee. According to an internal memo seen by Mac rumors, Apple expanded its repair program to now let customers get the face ID system repaired on an iPhone 10, also known as iPhone X, without replacing the entire device. Apple launched a repair program for the true depth camera system last month, but it was initially limited to iPhone 10S and newer devices.  You know, that's nice. Listen, I know what you mean. You're all welcome here. All right, let's talk a little more about the metaverse. Is it a thing? No. Does everybody want to build it? Yes, we have two stories about some of the earliest steps toward building something that somebody someday might call the metaverse. Meta, of course, the biggest one trying to do this, it's developing potential in app tokens that would serve as a virtual currency for meta properties, you know, like Facebook. You probably saw a headline that says employees call them zuck bucks internally. Don't expect to be the actual name if they ever put this out in public. They don't appear to be a cryptocurrency. They're a centrally controlled token, probably more similar to Roblox's Robux, if you're familiar with those. The company is also investigating a kind of reputation token that they would issue for valued contributions on Facebook. I'm sure no one would. I was going to say. What? Like what? Like no one's going to express outrage about that if they bring that one. Meta is also testing using NFTs as a way to validate membership in Facebook groups. So not selling a thing, but like using them as a non fungible token. There's also a pilot that would include minting the NFTs on Facebook. Those are expected mid May. Meanwhile, Epic is partnering with Lego to build a new family friendly virtual space for kids. The two companies didn't announce any details, except to promise they would protect the well being safety and privacy of children and give all users, parents and children control over their digital experience, which is kind of table stakes when you're talking about any kind of kid focused announcement. But the creators of Fortnight teaming up with a company that makes building brick based video games. Seems like fair competition or Roblox and Minecraft. Yeah, I I given the popularity of Lego and how it's only increased over the years. I mean, you got Lego land and and, you know, it's it's a very sort of tangible, fun thing for people of all ages, really, but certainly kids. It's a very smart. This is a very smart partnership, very smart. Yeah, I agree with you. I it kind of surprises me that the the Lego verse hasn't had some sort of a partnership like this in the past, because, yeah, clearly, if you're comparing it to something like Roblox or Minecraft, I mean, this is this is digital stuff that that, again, people of all ages, but particularly children enjoy very much. So yeah, it's it's seems like it seems like a good win for both companies. For sure. Yeah, Nika, what in particular about this?  Because I agree, it does seem like one. I mean, kids are big business.  I mean, that really is almost like a perfect storm of of, you know, different types of entities coming together. And, you know, parents are going to be able to take these kids to these spaces.  Then you talk about the merchandise that's going to come out of this as well. It's just it's even more it's pretty it's pretty pretty spectacular. What I think the use cases for this is and how it has the potential to be really huge. Yeah, that's a really good point, because Legos is a very trusted brand amongst families. So it's not so much. Well, I'm not saying Epic's not like it does. It's not an either or a state bed. I'm just saying Lego very trusted, right? But it gives it gives the credence to Epic. It's going to make Epic more palatable. And I guess it's going to give them some sort of, you know, it's like a co-sign from Lego to say this is safe for your kids. And, you know, Epic can only benefit from that. Yeah, unless it is, you know, deemed unsafe for some reason, which these sorts of things do happen. But but yeah, I that's that's the whole thing, right? It is like if if parents or guardians or or, you know, whoever's looking after younger folks feel like this is a good this is a good, you know, solid place for my kid. They're learning stuff, they're having fun. They can be sociable friends. I mean, that's that's that's what everybody wants. But you have to be careful. Kids love the Fortnite company. Parents love the Lego company. It's a good it's a match made in profit heaven. I've taken my nephew to Legoland here in Atlanta. And it's just it's wild. The whole scene is just it's just like, oh, my God, I'm trying to keep an eye on him. And I'm like, I don't know where he is. It's just the sea of children like running and jumping and playing. And it's just like, where's my kid? Like that's where that's where the metaverse starts. They they bring in augmented reality into the Lego theme parks. I don't know, just possibility. Possibility, you want it out there? Well, speaking of themed things, Nike announced it would open a technology center in West Midtown, Atlanta in early 2023. And it's not waiting for the building to actually be done to get work done. Employees are working remotely until it's ready. It will host security professionals for the east coast of North America and also research how to use machine learning to improve shopping experiences. It'll also expand Nike's work on what it calls a digital first operation. So if you're not familiar with what Nike's been doing thus far, it has been working to be a digital first with things like being able to pay with an app in a store, scan items to check stock. Nike's also brought its tech to Foot Locker becoming something of a retail platform provider as well. Although it's currently only working with Nike products, but a lot of people buy Nike products at Foot Locker stores. Nike also operates a vending machine called Unlock Box that scans a QR code on Nike Plus and you can get free stuff like Air Jordan pins or sunglasses, USB chargers.  It also does something called a shoe case. Get it? Like showcase, but for shoes, which lets you scan your app to participate in real time raffles for a chance to buy limited edition shoes, which for any sneakerheads, you know, you have to be really on top of that kind of thing. So fun perks. The Atlanta Technology Center will be led by Dr. Mona Lisa Pinkney, who's been Nike's senior director of cybersecurity. Dr. Pinkney is also co-founder of the Black Employees and Technology Network, or BEIT, and assists with the women in cybersecurity. Anybody? Yeah, I'm very interesting. I listen, I love it. This is pretty big. I love a Nike running shoe. This is I really I can't say that I've been to a Foot Locker recently, nor have I been using any of Nike's digital first products. But I like where the company is going here. I like where it's sort of like, yes, if you want to buy our products, buy our products. But we want to make the experience as much as we can, as seamless as possible. And we want to expand on that technology and we're going to have a technology center. And, Nika, you know, for for folks who aren't so familiar with the Atlanta tech scene, you know, does it make sense that it would be in Atlanta? Absolutely. And I say that for a couple of reasons. If you come into the Midtown Atlanta area, you'll see, you know, you know, the names of these huge tech companies, Google, Microsoft, they have these huge technology complexes all down the corridor. There are so much talent here in Atlanta for technology. We have a huge entrepreneurial base, a huge app. I mean, the technology scene here is just pretty explosive. And that's just pretty much like in the downtown Midtown area. But you also have on the outskirts of Atlanta, these huge, you know, technology companies that are just flooding into the city. Like Atlanta really is becoming like the Silicon Valley of the South because pretty much every tech presence that you can think of is literally right here in the city. So it makes perfect sense. It's people trying to get in on a piece of the tech pie here in Atlanta. And the fact that Atlanta is so economically friendly as compared to some of your typical tech companies. If you think about Silicon Valley, if you think about New York, if you think about DC, the the price point for, you know, being able to have people come into the city and live, be able to buy property or be able to rent or, you know, those type of things. It's it's here. The presence is here. The the vibe of the city is very tech focused that you can pretty much run into anybody and pretty much everybody is into tech in some sort of of avenue here. So it makes perfect sense. I mean, literally everyone and so many tech companies are making their presence known here in Atlanta. Yeah, we're going to talk to Justin, Robert Young, tomorrow in Austin. I'm going to be there about how Austin is becoming more of a tech hub. I think I think what's happening is we're seeing the decentralization where you don't have to be one place. Nike, it's interesting enough that Nike is actually got a credible tech effort going on. There are those few companies that's been able to do that. A lot of companies try to do that and they don't do it very well. I feel like Nike does it really well. And I think it's interesting that they just looked around and said, you know what, we don't have to go to Seattle or San Francisco. Let's let's let's go somewhere that makes sense for us. And they picked Atlanta and as so many incentives, the state provides so many incentives for tech companies. That's why we have like such a booming like entertainment complex here. Pretty much every movie that you can think of that's been made has been made right here. Pretty much all the Marvel movies have been shot here. They are currently shooting the new color purple musical movie here in Macon, Georgia, which is maybe about an hour southeast of here. So it's one of those things where the state recognizes that we have a unique populace and we have a unique set of people here and the environment to, you know, engage these huge companies. And if they're giving these types of tax incentives and business incentives, it's it's a win-win for the state and it's a win-win for the companies as well. Well, let's talk baseball, shall we? Major League Baseball has been, let's call it reluctant to let teams use technology to gain an advantage on the field. So it's a big step that the MLB has approved something called the pitch calm system to let catchers send directions to pitchers electronically. Catcher behind home plate, pitchers pitching to the batter, you get it. A catcher wears the technology on their forum and they can press one of nine buttons to identify the pitch type and the location. Then the pitcher hears that call through a bone conduction listening device that they're wearing. The channels are encrypted and teams can program various code words assigned to words like fastball or curveball if they're really paranoid about somebody overhearing it. The MLB is giving every team three transmitters, 10 receivers and a charging case for the system, which works in both Spanish and English. Teams can use one transmitter and up to five receivers at any time that can include three other fielders besides the pitcher and the catcher. And these can only be used on the field during games. It is somewhat restricted. So not in clubhouses, not in bull pens, not in dugouts. This is also optional. If a player says, I'd like to stick with hand signs. They can, they certainly can. But the pitch con system is designed to minimize sign stealing, which if you follow MLB baseball, you know, in the last several years, particularly, you know that this is an issue. Yeah. And if you're not a baseball fan, all you really need to know is that the guy throwing the ball and the person catching it, they they need to be on the same page of what you're throwing so that it doesn't, you know, get away from it. Right. Yeah. Because if the pitchers throw in a curveball and the catcher doesn't know it, it'll fool him to not just not just the batter. Typically, that's done with hand signs. Like Sarah said, this system allows them to do it in a way that nobody else can steal just by looking. And that's the biggest thing. You get a runner on second base standing behind the pitcher. They can see the hand sign. Now, they may not know what it means, but they might be able to figure it out if they pay attention long enough. And patterns. Exactly. So this way, the catcher just has a thing on their on their forearm that they're like, OK, I know this middle button is fastball. I'm going to press that. The pitcher just hears fastball. It's low enough. Nobody else can can hear it. Other players in the field can have it in their hats, too. So they also hear it and know, you know, OK, that's what's going to happen. And maybe that affects how that ball gets batted. And so the end result is nobody can see anything. Even the thing on the forearm of the catcher doesn't have any labels. The catcher has to remember which buttons go with which pitches. They can flip it around and program it themselves. And like Sarah said, they can change it to say something else. If they're worried about somebody overhearing something out on the field, they can say and call fastball, Axl F or, you know, whatever they want to call it. And but but you can't look down as the batter and see like the word fastball on the catcher's forearms. So there's it's a it's a really good way to get around that kind of of sign stealing, which which isn't illegal. There are illegal ways to do it that cause the controversy. But you don't want the other team knowing what you're going to throw. Nika, I'm not I don't know how how much of a baseball fan you are, if any. But one of one of the questions that I had when I read this story, I was like, oh, that's pretty cool. But why why does it why is it relegated to field only? Why would, you know, a clubhouse or a bullpen or a dugout be an issue using the technology? And I don't expect you to answer. So I yeah, I used to be a huge baseball fan. You know, we used to go to games all the time, that type of thing. It's just, you know, pretty much not a huge interest anymore. I mean, we had the World Series, you know, Atlanta as a champion. So that kind of bumped it up a bit. But for me, my first thought when I when you were going through the story is so thinking from like a technology mindset, you know, can someone hack into one of these things?  So my first thought went to could someone hack one of these things and get the information that way? I think they're probably keeping it on field just to mitigate any type of external conversations, possibly being transmitted, you know, to other teams or people in the stands. I mean, people if they want to be nefarious and do nefarious things, they will they will find a way. So I think by one limit limiting it to the field, it basically cuts down on what a person could get, because you can always change what your hand signs mean. You can always change what you're programming into, you know, this little wrist device. But, you know, if you are allowed into the clubhouse, into the dugout and you hear, you know, strategic conversations that may give the other team a bit more of an upper hand than just figuring out what the hand signs are.  Yeah, it's an encrypted connection. So it would be hard to break. And I think I think the other the other problem is they they don't want people using this for something else. They want the pitcher in the catcher to use it to to send messages about pitches to each other. That's why they don't want the coaches using it in the dugout where they're stealing the other team's signs and then using it to, you know, like, I'll press fastball, but that means that we think they're going to steal, you know, they're trying to cut that side of it. Yeah. Yeah. And when you're talking about using this, you want to, you know, make the box as small as possible on what you can use this for. So it it makes sense. I get it. But like I said, I didn't realize that copying hand signs. I didn't realize it was that big of a thing as of late. So, oh, yeah. Yeah, yeah. That was pretty shocked by that. It's whole jobs by multiple people trying to figure this out.   I just love them because it's like, it's code. It's right. You know, you can't decipher it. However you can, you can have attention. If you study enough. Yeah. Yeah. So this is, you know, this is this is again, you know, the league's attempt to say, OK, all right, we we we've got to figure out another solution so that, you know, we have a fair playing field going forward. But half the teams are expected to use it. And I also thought it was really fascinating. The pitchcom is created by a company called Promistik and they're called Promistik because most of their tech is used by magicians. So it's now magicians and pitchers using the same technology. I love the idea of like magicians talking to each other, like, OK. Well, it's yeah, yeah. Right. Because with magicians, it's like being able to do something with your assistant or something like that.  Yeah, throwing a fast saw. Well, folks, it's opening day of baseball and the Cardinals Pirates Games about to get started. So let's let's move along. What do you want to hear us talk about on the show? One way to let us know is in our subreddit, you could submit stories and vote on them at dailytechnoeshow.reddit.com. Lots of news related to Google today. First, Google Lens Multi-Search has launched in beta in the US in English. The feature in Android and iOS Google Apps lets you use an image and words to conduct a search. You take an image or import one into Lens, then you can tap add to your search and then you'll get a chance to type your text. Demos of the feature are focused on clothing shopping. So a picture of a pink dress you like with the word purple could lead to shopping results for getting that same dress in the color you want. But other examples include maybe you've got a broken part. They have a bicycle. Apparently, bicycle parts are in here and you put phrase how to fix. That could get you a tutorial video. You could put a picture of a manicure you like and the word tutorial so you could figure out how to do that yourself. Multi-Search does not work with every image yet. It has to be trained. So this is really a beta, but the images in the video it will work with will expand over time and results will come from any platform. Google made it clear that as long as it can index it, it'll include it. If the image type works, it's not partnering with shopping sites to monetize this. It's not going to only show YouTube videos when it does its results. At least that's what it's promising. Nika, what do you think of this? I think there is definitely a market for this because I know I search for things all the time and a way for it to make it easier. I'm all here for it, you know, and I let's be honest. I don't know anybody who really uses anything other than Google for searching. So I just think it just adds another dimension to making things easier for people to find and, you know, doing it looks like a little bit of machine learning in there to kind of predict what you're trying to figure out to do. So, I mean, I get it. I could see, you know, it definitely being helpful. Sarah, what do you think? Well, I love the idea. I feel like my the way that I search things on Google specifically is pretty specific, and I feel like I've figured out this is how you ask the thing to get the result that you want. That doesn't always work.  Having, you know, the thought of kind of being like, OK, let me show Google a picture of this dress that I like, and hopefully it exists in another color, and that might surface without me having to do some sort of like complicated query and, you know, look at a bunch of shopping sites that won't actually lead me anywhere. That is awesome. It's not really the way that I search for things currently, but I welcome a world where this becomes pretty commonplace. And we all are able to search using text, search using photos, search using videos. And again, it's the algorithm is smart enough to know, OK, I understand what you're asking, and here's what you want. Yeah, until it's complete enough that I don't have to know what it's good at. I don't think it catches on very widely. It just has to be pretty universal like searches. You don't have to think, oh, I can't search for that because it's not good at that. And that's going to be a limitation in adoption is that people are like, oh, I tried it and it didn't work for the thing that I was trying to use it for. Right. We got a few other Google things here real quickly. The Wall Street Journal reports Google pulled a few dozen apps from the Play Store March 25th because they were harvesting data, including location, email and phone number, as well as clipboard contents and what devices were nearby on Wi-Fi could also scan folders, including WhatsApp downloads. They were encrypted, but they could do some hashing to figure out, you know, maybe what was in there. The Journal says a Panamanian company called Measurement Systems wrote the code and paid developers to include it in their apps. The code was found in Muslim prayer apps, weather apps, highway speed trap detectors, QR code readers and more. The code was discovered and reported to Google in March by security researchers who co-founded the company AppSensis. And while millions of phones still have the code installed, those researchers say that the SDK stopped collecting the data after their findings began to circulate. So whoever was doing it pulled it. Wall Street Journal found connections between Measurement Systems and a US government contractor called Vostrom, which is located in Sterling, Virginia, although Measurement Systems denies that there's any connection there. Google rolled out a privacy guide to help you figure out what all those privacy settings in Chrome mean. The privacy guide includes controls for cookies, history sync, safe browsing and making searches and browsing better. XTA developers notes there's no page for DNS options using phones as a security key, changing site permissions, a few other things. Everyone on Chrome 100, though, gets the guide over the next few weeks as a new menu option on your privacy and security tab in the Chrome browser settings. The more you know, I don't see anything wrong with this. Not at all. Google advised developers that starting on November 1st, 2022, the Play Store will hide and block installation of apps that target an Android API that is more than two years out of date. In other words, two years behind the latest major Android release. Google already requires new apps and app updates to target an Android API level within one year. Of the latest major Android OS version release. So this really only affects abandoned apps or apps that maybe not totally abandoned, but are not actively maintained. Existing users of these older apps will be able to reinstall them and use them on any Android OS version that the app supports. Well, it is time again for Teching Wall Black, our segment where Nika puts the spotlight on a black innovator or entrepreneur in the field of technology. Nika, who are we highlighting today? So this is a pretty interesting subject that we were highlighting this week. The person that I chose this week is very interesting because I've noticed the folks that I've chosen for this year have all created foundational type technology. And Mark Dean is one of those people. He is an inventor and computer scientist. I know we hear about inventors and computer scientists all the time, but this guy is pretty particular. He is he was the chief engineer at IBM for the team that developed the original home computer of the IBM's nine original patents for the PC. He holds three of them. So he holds a third of the original patents for what we now know as, you know, the PC, the home PC that we pretty much all use. In addition to those three, he has over 40 other patents overall. He started out. He started out at IBM for his for the he's been at IBM for the bulk of his career. He's held multiple executive roles there. He was a CTO for IBM Middle East and Africa vice president of their Al Medin Research Center. But one thing I think that we can't, you know, gloss over in addition to leading the team that basically created the original home PC, he co-developed the ISA, which is the industry's standard architecture system bus, which basically allows us to connect anything to our PC. So when you think of any peripheral cameras, lights, microphones, any of all any of those types of things that we now use that we pretty much take for granted just to pop in to to a port. He along with one of his fellow IBMers basically basically created this.  He is the first black IBM fellow. He is an elected member to the National Academy of Engineering, and he also has been inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame. And he holds BS, MS and PhD all in electrical engineering. So Mr. Mark Dean, we salute you because without you our lives would be very, very different. Yeah, if you've used anything like a PC today or connected anything to it. Thank Mark Dean. Sounds like right for sure. That's great. That's amazing. Yeah, I did go, Mark. It's not everybody is as accomplished. Certainly not me. But yes, yeah, good stuff, Nika, as always. And thanks for being on the show. We always love to have you, whether it's an awful event or just a just a technology day as it was today. Let folks know what what else you do and how they can keep up with your work. I co-host the Snoboes podcast along with my co-host Terrence Gaines. You can find us at snoboescast.com. You can, you know, find out everything about the show. They are becoming a Patreon, all that good stuff. And for me personally, I am TechSibyDiva on all of the platforms. All the social media platforms, the same thing. So yeah, that's where I am. That's where you can find me. Well, look up, Nika, everybody, or you're missing out. Also, we want to have a couple of new brand new bosses to thank. Very exciting. Ross and James are our newest patrons. Just started backing us on Patreon. Thank you, Ross and thank you, James. Oh, there it is. Yeah, audience is sleepy. Listen, folks, the audience was like, wait, we haven't had some new bosses in a while. We had a little dry run back there. So they're out of practice. You got to get the audience back into it. Sign up, patreon.com slash DTNS. Yeah, it's like a it's like a baseball game. There's a longer version of the show called Good Day Internet. It's available at patreon.com slash DTNS. We'd love to have you if you want a little bit of a wider conversation. But for now, a reminder that DTNS is live Monday through Friday at four p.m. Eastern at twenty hundred UTC and you can find out more at dailytechnewshow.com slash live book market. Tell our friends. Also, what does the tech scene look like in Austin, Texas? Well, Tom's going to find out tomorrow because he's going to be on location with Justin Rubber Young at his studio. Talk to you then. This show is part of the Frog Pants Network. Get more at frogpants.com. Diamond Club hopes you have enjoyed this program.


Good morning folks Steve Rhodes coming to you live from the shores of sunny Delray Beach, Florida. This is your 11 a.m. update. We've got a bit of a mix back out there. The mix goes like this. The Dow and the S&P are up 98 points and 11 points respectively. With the Nasdaq down 8, Russell is flat, it's up a point and a half.  Light speed crude is up 16 cents, natural gas up 8 pennies, 30 year treasury printed out at 127.02. Let's try to make, hey, if what all that means by looking at that nine panel, market update chart, we're beginning the upper left hand corner, the EES minute, what do we know? Well, price is broken out of its consolidation. It's trading above and it closed above the top of its daily profile. Folks, all of those are bullish signals, period, and that suggests that if we do get a second close above 40, 4206.25 today, odds favor move up to the 43.25 level. That is the approximate measured move of this consolidation. Now, if the spotball text remains below its 50 day exponents moving average, which it is right now, that is a likely possibility. In the case of the NQ yesterday, it completed a TD9 count on top. That means if price closes a day above 13, 9, 13, in a single day, it will negate that and tell us about a strong momentum over to the upside. However, and at the same time, there's an A to B equal CD pattern that completes at the 14,003 level, the actual high that we've seen so far is 13,960. So we're very close of a bearish reversal candle were to form to generating not just a TD9 count top, but a sell the D point up. Watch 13,913 at day's end. In the case of the US dollar index, I believe we'll complete a TD9 count top today. It does have a consolidation breakout. It is trading above the top of its weekly profile and daily out there. But nonetheless, it does have a top it should pull back. Gold deluxe trading basically with inside its consolidation pattern out here. Silver will form or complete a TD9 count bottom today. We'll have to take a look at the silver chart. Slight sweet crude, find a resistance with inside the this is a bearish sign at the moment because where it found resistance was at the center of its bullish structure profile that had to close below and that all of a sudden becomes where the counter trend rallies would end. And that's up at the 7256 level. You close above that while it's a whole different meaning, but that's not where we're at. Natural gas, it will complete a TD9 count top pattern today. That says we should expect natural gas to pull back. The likely outcome would be a pull back to $2.60 out there. Folks, stay tuned for the Trader Z show. But if you're up to start your Friday, have a fantastic one. Thanks for joining us and we'll look forward to speaking with you again soon. Take care and be safe out there.