I admire your work and I'm very pleased and honored to be a part of this task force proceedings. I need to give thanks to some sponsors of this research. I will tell you that in Canada the research has been cobbled together. Non-contributing members but in name only are the Information Systems Security Association, the FBI's InfraGuard program, which is about raising public awareness for infrastructure protection. Of course the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Time Warner has given us mostly in-kind support and 5,000 in-cash. Arbor Network supported our research with 5,000 in-cash and Semantic did too with 5,000 in-cash. But most importantly we had upwards of 20 school districts each contributed a precious $2,000 so that we could carry out this research for a total cost of $65,000 all of which went for graduate assistance. The number of professionals that are involved in this effort number in the dozens. Today what I want to do is cover some basic points and overview of our work beginning with the headlines, the major takeaways so that we're not bearing our message in lots of details. I'm also going to come right out and tell you what the limitations of this research are and then I'm going to brag about what the results are because they are mind boggling in terms of the massive amount of data and the breadth of what it is that we covered. I've been asked to focus several of my remarks in areas of cyberbullying, lying in deceitful behaviors and sexual offending and then I'm going to provide some observations of contemporary digital youth culture particularly with respect to alarming aspects of what youth and young adults are up to today and then hopefully there will be some time for your questions and comments. I'm getting started a little bit late so I'm going to go very quickly through some of this information but you will have access to this briefing through Andrew and Dana in short order I presume. Major point number one, today's students of all ages experience many forms of cyber abuse. They're listed here for your reference and it's really important to understand that they experience these activities as victims and as offenders. When I use the word abusers or offenders I mean essentially abuse of information systems either in violation of an AUP acceptable use policy or in violation of a state crime law and so forth. Point number two, cyber abuse, crime and victimization appears to be a function of the number of types of devices used to access the net. The amount of time spent online, types of online activities and levels of social computing engaged in, prior successful offending experiences, previous victimization as in retaliation and so forth and declining age of onset for engaging for any purpose online. And when you think about it ladies and gentlemen, that's pretty intuitive. There's no surprises here, right? The other thing I want to say in qualifying my work up front is that I'm not the bad guy here with respect to social technologies that enable social computing. I'm not poo pooing the internet. I am certainly not saying that you should not be using computers and other types of IT devices to engage each other online, facilitate their education and so forth. But I am going to tell you what the facts are based on this research. I will conclude, hopefully there will be time to go into a little bit of depth about contemporary youth culture and the fact that there are aspects of what our children are doing today that are very alarming if not disturbing in terms of civility and underpinnings for civilization itself. That is to say trust for commerce, for relationships, for education and all of the long-term investments that we as a society need to think about. They are not being checked in substantive ways with regard to education, supervision, and role modeling enforcement and technology, right? That's not an indictment of anyone in this room. It's just our lack of understanding as a society. Dana has cautioned me not to slip into any kind of a policy mode. I'm trained as a public administration person and as a doctoral policy analysis type in public policy and as a science and technology social scientist. So I need to make that comment up front to sort of qualify what it is that the purpose of this work has been about and what it has involved. So how dare I say these things? What is the basis for it? Well, very quickly, let me just tell you that as far as I can tell, it's the largest most comprehensive cyber crime offending and victimization study ever conducted. It involved 14 school districts in upstate New York, a convenient sample of over 40,000 kindergarten through 12th grade students constituting approximately 50% of the student population in those school districts and they were not selected in any way other than that would be consistent with the results of random sampling. In other words, we didn't pick this school building or that set of students. It was a matter of operational convenience at the school district level. Some districts chose to sample all of their students. Some said, nope, we're going to do stratified random sampling because of the impact on our operations and we're only going to try to do 10% and so forth. But it's a huge sample, right? We employed approximately 50 experts from these school districts and other academic institutions including the Harvard Medical School Division on Addictions, consultants from the University of Rochester and various people with a variety of expertise, child psychology, human development, school psychology, sociology, criminology, public policy and so forth. We really tried to get all perspectives in this thing. As you can see here, we were able to engage in a passive opt out parental consent process via US mail and this was an online survey. I'm very pleased to say we believe it's actually a pioneering survey with respect to engaging talking computer, that is to say audible surveying instruments for the younger children in kindergarten through third grade who cannot reliably read much less, understand the meaning of questions. And that's pretty cool. These are a list of the school districts that participated, the number of in the population during the time in which they surveyed between May 2007 and January 2008. The N, as you know, stands for the number of respondents and this is the number of respondents pre-child ascent. So in addition to parents providing opt in permission for their child to participate, every single child according to state and federal laws governing human subjects requirements also had a child ascent where they voluntarily agreed to participate in the survey and they could drop out any time they wish. We believe that based on US census data and what we know about other research that's been done for a long time in Rochester that this is generally representative of the US population. I'll qualify that at a moment. So let's jump to some survey results here. Well, that's okay. Let's just breeze through this real quickly. What you're seeing up here is essentially consistent with the Pew American Life Internet Survey There's no real surprises here. The large point is that very young children use a variety of devices to do various things online and in the process they have experiences which make them uncomfortable and they generally or oftentimes don't tell parents about those feelings and experiences. At the second through third grade level, which was our second cohort out of five different student age grade cohorts, similar findings, notice that we surveyed over 5,000 children in this age group, right? And you've seen these kind of statistics before. The punchline is, again, they use a variety of devices to access the net from home in various places within the home and when they do, they engage in a variety of activities. Also at the second and third grade level, we have solid evidence of victimization and offending experiences during the previous school year. All children were asked about what they experienced in the previous school year so they have a basis of reference, right? And I'm going to let you just read these statistics for yourself for a moment and then I'm going to flash to the next screen. Let's move ahead to the fourth through sixth grade level. They're interacting in a variety of ways, IAMing, email, chat rooms and so forth. And by the way, when we think about social computing, we're interested in gaming and all of these other ways in which children interact, right? It's not just about profiling web sites. And in case there's any representatives from MySpace or Facebook in here, everywhere I go, I emphasize the reality that there are dozens and dozens of these kinds of sites but those too have been demonized for good and inappropriate reasons, right? But clearly this is a much larger issue than those two firms. Now, let's look at some specific victimization data at the fourth through sixth grade level. What you see here is a series of questions that were asked of students and we asked them to identify what they had experienced in the last year. In other words, during the last school year, as someone used your password without your knowledge, right? We think that's a form of abuse. If they voluntarily share their password, right, and then use that password and access to the system for inappropriate reasons, we don't get at that, right? So this is sort of outright victimization, if you will. And then you can read the categories across for yourselves. The large point here is that victimization is related to social computing. The ways in which students interact online, right? The hang-up with adult sexual predators going after underage people, boys and girls for all kinds of salacious reasons is an important but very small problem as a part of a much, much larger cyber crime problem in society and we now know that it involves youth. It's youth exploiting youth in a variety of ways, not just adults who are preying upon children for sexual or other reasons. And here's our evidence of that. If you look at the last four bars to the right, these are sex-related victimization issues. Someone requested pictures of you without your clothes on, showing you pictures of themselves without their clothes on. They asked private things about your body and they told you private things about their body. If you experienced any of these things and you knew who did it, who was that person? That's this data. If you experienced that and you knew who the offender was, who was that person? The punchline is that it's kids' own kids. They're exploring their sexuality, they're maturing into this stage of their lives and they are experimenting with all kinds of social interactions online in largely unsupervised ways that expose them to this content. And hence it's no surprise that we are seeing the onset of pseudo-child porn and of course prosecution that's taking place around the country. The most sensational arguably is from last month in Westport, Connecticut in which a 12-year-old girl was charged for sharing indecent sexual content. I know I have this slide that identifies the perpetrator for middle school, so let us press on. At the middle school level, at this age, youth are experiencing every known form of cyber abuse, offending and victimization as a group that is absolutely true. It's also true that schools are the safest place in the world, at least in America, for kids to be accessing the net. By and large, their systems are better protected, increasingly against proxy servers, that kids can hook up to from school to their own computers and so forth. Cell phone utilization is controlled from policy and monitoring and supervision and policies against this kind of activity. And classroom activities are also closely supervised, right? And yet this group is very active in terms of their mobile computing. Social computing is mobile computing and mobile computing is social computing and they make no cognitive distinction about being online or offline. They just use their devices and engage each other all the time, right? This is what they do. So within the past school year, about one in four have lied about their age online. About one in ten pretended to be someone else. Seven to eight percent circumvented security measures, such as internet filtering or blocking software that parents often rely on, and five percent cheated on schoolwork. The victimization data for 7th through 9th grade is as follows. And by the way, let me just stress that we also consider physical activities along with cyber activities in aspects of our research. Because again, social computing is my mobile computing and vice versa, right? And so much of what happens occurs to and from schools in the shopping mall and importantly out of the home. And as students age and they mature, not only are they entitled of course to more privacy and more freedom, right? And because that's inevitable, anyone who has teenagers knows that, right? It's also less possible for the parents themselves, even if they were aware, trained, educated, and had the time to install, maintain tools and so forth, to carry out the sort of monitoring that might be necessary, given mobile IT devices, right? Unless we're going to turn them all into log analysts and that kind of thing. It's a very, very difficult challenge you have before you. Once again, notice that the sex-related victimization experiences are over on the far right, right?  Since they're only in middle school, right, we considered that a form of offending merely for purposes of illustration here. Now, if you experienced one of those types of activities in the previous school year and you knew who did it, who was the person? Was it a man? Was it a woman? A boy? A girl? A classmate? A friend? An online friend? An online stranger? A parent or guardian? Another family member? A teacher? Other known and unknown? Yes? Correct. No, any of these. If you were a victim of any type of these offenses and you knew who did it, who was that person, right? And they had to choose one or more of these categories, right? So this is what shows. And the big picture here is that it's kids on kids, right? I have, in the last three months, briefed the National Intelligence Council, the Department of Justice, the National Governors Association, and I have heard similar groups like this, and everywhere I go and everybody I talk to and everybody that is paying attention empirically to this issue understands that many of our resources have been sort of misallocated towards things that maybe we shouldn't be investing quite as much in. And that's something for this task force to consider as it contemplates technology R&D investments. Now, here is the offending data for middle school, right? Have you given out your password?  Have you pretended to be someone else? Have you intentionally embarrassed someone else? Have you bullied or threatened them? Have you lied about your age? Lied about your gender? Have you requested nude pictures of others? Requested sexual chat? Then you have piracy issues, followed by a variety of academic dishonesty. Plagiarism, buying papers, selling papers, cheating on school workers, cheating on exams, and once again circumventing or blocking or filtering software, right? They're doing it. Now, I've recently completed a factor analysis of offending. If there's any statisticians in here, any research methodologists? What a factor analysis does is it turns the computer loose on the data and it tells the computer to separate groups of offenders in statistically significant ways, right? So what I'm saying to you is that at the middle school level we have identified four discrete types of online offenders, right? We have generalists who do a whole variety of offending. Pirates who illegally download music, movies, and software, as it turns out, and we have academic cheaters and deceiving bullies. Now, there are exceptions to the norm in which you'll have a kid who crosses over from one type of offending to another. That's implicit given that we have a generalist category of offending, right? My point to you is that by middle school, children are beginning to specialize with regard to their preferences and the use of technology for certain types of offending behaviors, right? So I'm periodically bemused when Congress comes down on higher education and says, you'll stop that pirating or else you'll cut your research fund. You're including ninth graders in the middle school? Seventh through ninth grade, yes, sir. That's what this is. And I react to that and I say, well, again, I'm not supposed to talk about policy, but what do you expect? They start pirating in fourth grade when they're 10 years old and now we understand that it's a discrete form of offending that they begin to specialize in by the time they're in middle school. And for the researchers in here, these four categories explain 55% of the total variance in the data, which starts to become really important. You can think of it this way. About half of these kids are engaged in some form of offending in these ways as a matter of routine. It's what they do when they're online and they decide to offend, right? Now let's go up to high school. Again, this data is largely consistent with other studies that have been out there. High schoolers spend a good amount of time online. And by the way, they do a lot of other things, not just offending. They're engaged in research in various forms of recreation. When they get up to this age level, they're shopping for colleges and universities. They're buying things and they're selling things, right? And all of that can be productive and totally appropriate. Our research is different because it goes beyond how they use technologies and for what purposes, and explores offending along with optimization in the context of technology use. And that's the real value of what you're seeing here. Also at the high school level, we know that these numbers of students are engaging each other online, including strangers. The concept of friending, befriending other people, right, is a verb as well as a noun in the vernacular of youth, right? If we go further and we look at deceit and cheating and so forth, we ask about multiple offending experiences. So have you not only done it, have you done it once, twice, thrice, four or more times, right, in the previous school year? And what you see here is you see patterns of offending that begin to emerge, right? So it's not just a once upon a time thing, right? If you commit types of offenses and you're successful at it, well, that's social learning theory, you know?  And if you're in it with groups and groups of you are doing it and engaged in it, then that's just reinforced, right? And that's what we know, of course, from sociology and child psychology and so forth. At the 10th through 12th grade level, we also did a factor analysis. Now we have seven discrete forms of offending, each as the IT people in the room know have implications for technology, right? There are also implications for information security and internet safety and, I would argue, cyberethics, right? Now we've got hackers and fraudsters and pornographers who not only download but share and seek it among their peers, right? So you can think of these people as not only sexually curious, right? They are on the offensive in their search for sexual opportunities and experiences, right? They factor out as a discrete type of offender because by and large, and we have not, this would be a limitation on this presentation, we have control to this point for those who are 18 or over, but we know that 10th graders through 12th graders include 16, 17, and 18-year-olds. So some of those kids, depending on the constraints of their state laws, may be guilty of creating, distributing, and receiving child pornography, right, in violation of state or federal crime laws. Notice that as the number of categories of offending goes up, the amount of the variance increases, expectably so, so now we've got 74% of all the sort of noise out there this data accounted for. You can think of it this way, the majority of kids are engaged in one type of this offending. They've begun to specialize and this is what they do, right? So a little more here, we're almost done. Someone pretended, so this is victimization stuff. Someone pretended to be you online once, twice, thrice, four more times.  So here's my thoughts on this kind of thing. Let me try to wrap this up. I think that as children in modernized society come into the world, they are increasingly afforded with opportunities to engage online. We know that the age of onset is declining. We know this from our own research over the past four years involving college students as well as this major study. A whole series of surveys actually. When we started surveying youth in 2004 at the college level, their recollection was they started using computers at age 10.4 years, right? And more than half of them were the primary user of their home computer. When they were 10, which would have been in 1994 right after the internet was commercialized. When we started surveying 40,000 K through 12th grade students in May of 2007, the age of onset was 7.8 years of age. And in four months, by the time we wrapped up the survey, or began the second phase of our surveying in the last nine or 14 school districts, the age of onset dropped to like 7.6 years of age when they started computing. So they're beginning earlier in life. The population of youth increasingly are internet users and as I've indicated at younger and younger ages. Somewhere along the line, they become victims. We know that cyberbullying now begins, we know it begins in the second grade as operationalized to mean someone was mean to you or you were mean to someone else online. That's what children at that age level can understand. As we get older, we ask more in-depth questions.  They may not even recognize that it's wrong criminally or civilly or otherwise ethically, right?  And maybe they've had enough, right? Maybe they sort of get out of it and just hang out online, become solitary, right? Searching for solos and escape from whatever they're experiencing. And we know that that kind of thing happens anecdotally but not as a direct result of this research. So here's the deal, folks. I think that all youth and all generations of youth as they grow up and mature, they experience things, they rebel. I grew up in the 60s. I remember what that was like as opposed to today's youth. Today we have a digital youth culture, which is arguably a subculture of something called Internet culture, right? And it is their space in their mind, right? And so social computing happens for these youth and young adults in all kinds of ways that are productive and fun and it stimulates them and it brings out the creativity in them and it complements the ways in which they learn, right, and so forth, right? And they always want to be online, right? They need to chat and they need to interact. And yet we know that there's alarming aspects of this. The insubility, the promiscuity, the abuse, the sending me messages and that all of this is learned. And it's as if this culture is perpetuating these attitudes and behaviors because that's what's accepted and normed out, right? You asked kids, you heard it earlier before lunch, you talked to a lot of kids, and I know it from our own research of a qualitative nature not that I'm presenting on today, a lot of kids don't even know what cyberbullying is. Oh, that's something that adults make up, right, so they can crack down on us. So we're also able to determine that ages of onset for different types of abuse kick in and may peak at certain levels. We know, for example, that cyberbullying peaks in middle school, right? And we know that females are more engaged than males, although we don't know why, right? Not exactly. We can surmise that from our data. Dana can tell you more about that perhaps. We know all of these other things, right, about their culture that leads speak as a way to disguise their messages as well as abbreviate and do the rapid-fire messaging. You can't type out full messages when you have to do it this way. And the content of behaviors multiply virally. That's the term they use, right? So I don't know how you can get out in front of this thing except by thinking through it as the complex social problem that it is. Last slide, I think, Dana, here. Choices in parental oversight. So where are the parents in all of this? This often comes up, right? Well, our research is we were able to survey parents as well as youth and we're actually able to link the responses of each anonymously in such a way that preserves privacy and anonymity and so forth. Suffice to say that parents in general believe that they're doing a better job of supervising than the children believe that they are, right? The law. And that is especially true at higher age levels as they mature and grow up and expect more privacy and children of adults expect them to engage in more responsibility. You have my contact information, the business cards, the two brochures growing around or sort of propaganda sheets of brochures that we put together for a big briefing in New York City for the National Press. I would encourage all of you, if you want to see the full report which Dana's crew has reviewed and all the survey instruments that we've done. Everything that we've done is posted at this website, right? And you'll be probably reading more about it in various books and academic journals and stuff as we go forward. I have a quick question. Dr. Quay, were there any questions? You can call me Sam, that's fine. Okay. For the 15% of the 10 to 12 graders who invited an online stranger to meet, do you have a breakdown of how that was male and female? Not today, but we can do it that quick. Right? One of my limitations to answer your question more fully, I had two slides prepared. I'm really sorry, I don't know where they went off to. Cyberland, even though. One of my limitations was that we're in the very early phases of our analysis. And frankly, I think one of the reasons you're just now hearing about this research is because through the review, the literature review process, Dana and her team only really became aware of this research about three weeks ago or so, and it's because it's not published in academic journals. That's forthcoming.  What else? Any more questions? Sam. Yes, sir? Well, in general, the soundness of research findings ultimately is rooted in the methodology employed. I'm not familiar with the study. I didn't hear the presentation. 80% sounds awfully high to me. I'm not familiar with the study. I'm not familiar with the study. I'm not familiar with the study. I'm not familiar with the study. I'm not familiar with the study. On the other hand, we know that one of the flaws in all survey research, including our own, is the requirement to rely on memory. This is a retroactive response to questions. And sometimes what we can't remember very well will have a tendency to make up. And we also know that when it comes to these sensitive questions about sex and crime and so forth, that some children are prone to over- or under-reporting, so you really have to do some data quality kind of assurance things. I will tell you that in 2004, when we did our first college study, two out of three students shared their password on the RIT network system. And 50% of those students never changed it after they shared it. What you know is who they were sharing it with. You can't make the assumption that they were sharing it with another college student in RIT. So I told the university, I said, in effect, we've got an open system here. That'll make the MIT and Harvard, IT and security types really happy. Right? That's the reality. One more question. Yes, sir? Why are kids longing out for age and learning to access to it? Oh, that's a great question. I'm not sure, but I have a couple schools of thought on it that I'm kicking around in my mind. One is that they're doing it to access content that they should not. They lie about their age in order to get access, particularly probably to pornography sites, because of the controls that you put in, some of you rather, for age verification. I also have a hunch that some of the improper credit card usage that's showing up as credit card fraud and what we're qualifying as identity theft may actually be rooted in their desire to view pornographic material, whether it be legal or of the illegal variety. So that's one general school of thought. The other major school of thought, actually to me, is far more interesting. And that is that children may be lying about their age, their gender, their appearance, and putting up relatively true to false information on any number of social networking profile websites in order to protect themselves. After all, we've been hammering it home to them how vulnerable they are.  They don't want to be victimized. They just want to friend and do what's called for in their contemporary digital youth culture. And that may even serve a useful crime prevention strategy from a consumer awareness standpoint. But to me, that's also deeply troubling. What does it mean that we have millions of youth by extrapolation that are routinely engaged in dishonest communications with their friends and with relative strangers and complete strangers? What is the basis of our civilization? And of course, that's beyond the scope of this committee and anything that's currently underway. But it is something to ponder. And I would offer this. If you look at research investments by the National Science Foundation for trusted computing, research and development, and so forth, we're all about trying to ensure the identity of who it is that we're interacting with online because trust matters. You have to have trust. Well, we are perpetuating millions of kids today who are thriving largely unsupervised without mechanisms to reinforce the importance of trust. And it's deeply disturbing. And I don't know how to resolve it, but those are my thoughts on this. Thank you so much.


Hello, my people. My name is Veecha. Welcome to the Scory Channel. Today, we're going to show you how to study in the UK. Like Brexit and a global pandemic, there are actually more international students in the UK than ever before. One in four students comes from abroad. You can, too. The UK has some of the best medical schools and law schools, and their degrees in business are to die for. Obviously, since you're going to be surrounded by a version of the English language, you're going to get a lot better at English, too. Like other European countries, you can get your bachelor's in three years in the UK, although it could take you longer if you decide to do an honors program. That's honors within you. Fun to see people looking to study at Cambridge or Oxford. We'll need to have their applications done by October 15th. Likewise, medical schools typically have the same deadline, and everybody else typically puts their deadline around January 26th. But still, you should double-check with each university to make sure they don't have a different deadline for your program. A very important rule in the UK is that you can only apply to five universities in the same year. To apply to those universities, you're going to use the UCAS system. This is the central portal for all admissions in the United Kingdom. So what do universities in the UK require? Bad news. The UK has some of the toughest entry requirements in the world. One of our students, she was trying to apply to a foundation year to get into medical school, and they literally told her that even for a foundation year, her Peruvian diploma was not good enough. Damn, man. I want to escape from Latin America so bad. I just want a good future. Just like the one this core program will give me. Call now if you want to secure your future too. Anyway, let's see what a UK college answer to my email. Alessia has a totally cool YouTube channel that you should check out. So go over there and subscribe. And then when you're done, subscribe to our channel too. Universities in the UK ask for A level grades or an equivalent to them. A levels are basically classes that you take in the last couple years of high school if you live in the UK. Most students take three of these courses, and so you'll see universities asking for grades in three letter. For example, they might ask you for an AAA grade.  If you don't have A levels, the only way you're going to be able to get admitted is by showing them your current high school diploma and your transcripts so that they can see if your grades are good enough and if the courses are equivalent to A level courses. Of course, all of your transcripts and diplomas need to be translated into English by an official translator. So if the university that you want to study and doesn't take your country's education, what you'll need to do is look for foundation your options or ask them about the possibility of doing a year at university locally and then transferring abroad. Alright, you got your high school diploma, but you're still not done.  To get into medical school, you have to take an exam like the BMAT or UCAT. Law school is asked for the LNAT. If you're studying a mathematics major, you're probably going to have to take the step test or the MAT. And on top of that, you might have to take general admissions tests like the thinking skills assessment. We'll have to link in the description with all the different exams that you might be asked to take. So check those out and make sure you check each university's page carefully. Fortunately, there is no minimum age requirement. So as soon as you graduate, you can start trying to apply as long as you speak English. The UK's English exam system is a little tricky. Most UK universities will tell you that they take the TOEFL or the IELTS or even the Duolingo English test for admissions. But there's one big problem. If you need a visa to enter the UK as a student, which is pretty much everybody after Brexit, then you have to take the IELTS. I made a video about this a while back about how the United Kingdom still doesn't consider the TOEFL a secure English language test. And neither is the Duolingo test. If you're trying to get into the UK, you might see that a university says they accept it and they do and they will admit you. But then when you try to get your visa at immigration, they're going to say you don't have an approved English test. Make sure you take the IELTS academic UKVI. UKVI stands for United Kingdom Visas and Immigration. The test itself is exactly the same as any other IELTS academic. The only difference is that the Queen herself has inspected the facility and determined it is safe. Imagine having a Queen in 2021, like really? As far as IELTS scores go, you'll probably need to get a 6.5, maybe a 7 on the IELTS for more demanding programs. Check to make sure there's no mandatory minimums. You can skip English tests if you've got high grades in English A high level or maybe a perfect score in English B high level. Again, if you're not convinced about whether you should take the IB or not yet, you should do it. It makes this a lot easier. If you want to study in Welsh for whatever reason, I can't think of one, but maybe there is one. I don't know. There are actually over 500 programs in the UK for you to study in Welsh and you can even get a scholarship of £3,000 if you decide to do it. As far as actually living in the UK, some people worry about British English and while it's clearly the inferior form of English, it's not that difficult to get used to. Since British people don't know how to spell words correctly and they also refer to singular nouns as if they were plural as long as there's like multiple people involved like when they say, my team win.  You know, there's one team and then there's two teams. Two teams compete on the field. Two teams are. One team is. It's a basic grammar. Sorry. How to rate the language barriers? Two royal family scandals out of five. Frickin' British English. More bad news. Financially speaking, the UK is one of the most expensive countries to study in. It's right up there with the United States and Australia. There is very little, very little financial aid for international students. Finding a scholarship as an international student is like finding good food in the UK. It's almost impossible. Like, this is what passes for food. But don't worry, there's still hope for you, my people. Even the UK has fish and chips, right? So there are good scholarships out there. The Alucari scholarships are funded by Malaysian NGO, but they're available to citizens of any of these countries. It's a long list. And they can give you up to 20,000 pounds if you want to study at the University of Warwick and even up to a full 70,000 pound scholarship at the University of York. Kingston University also has a scholarship that gives you 5,000 pounds for your first year. And then there's Cambridge and Oxford. These are in a class all their own. They do have quite a few scholarships, but they are extremely competitive. If you're coming from Latin America, check out the Carlos and Gabriela Rodríguez Pastor Scholarship for Cambridge. But even with financial aid and even if you look for very affordable programs, as an international student, you're going to spend at least 20,000 pounds on tuition alone. That's about $28,000 in real money. And that's on the low end. The cost of living doesn't make it much easier.  You need to budget at least a thousand pounds a month, if not more. You're looking at spending around 35 to 40,000 pounds a year if you want to study in the UK. It's not cheap. And the UK knows it. And that's why you're going to have to show it if you want to get your visa. UK Immigration Service does post the specific number that you need to show if you want to come to study. They ask for 1,334 pounds per month if you're going to study in London. Everywhere else, they ask for 1,023 pounds. Citizens from these countries are technically not required to show proof of funding, but they could be asked to at any time during the process. So be ready to do so. There's also a £348 fee for the visa itself. On the bright side, the visa does last for the entire duration of your stay, so you only have to do it once. Your university is going to do a lot of the work for you. They collect all of your documents and then they tell the government that they have approved you. So that means you don't have to do a lot of embassy visits. All you got to do is give your information to the university. They'll send it to UKVI. And then when your visa is ready, you can go to the embassy and pick it up. Make sure your documents are perfect and that you comply with every single requirement. If you want to learn more about how the UK visa system works and some of the problems that it's had, you should check out my video on the TOEIC scandal that we did a couple of months ago.  If you'd rather study in a country that has more freedom, then I suggest you check out the video on how to study in the USA. And that, my people, is everything you need to know to study in the UK. I'll see you next week.


Hoi hoi and welcome to a new feature. I'm trying out. You may have remembered last week I did an interview with the art director of SCP secret laboratory today I am doing an interview with Tanhoni author of Bobble the Clown and perhaps more recently and more recognizable even SCP-5000 I was listening to some of the comments from the last video about my rather impassive nature whilst the Interviewee was answering questions and I thought I would test out a variety of different formats So this is actually more of a conversational interview It's not like me talking to somebody about you know a particular thing They want to promote necessarily although Tanhoni has an SCP YouTube channel Which I will provide you a link to in the description below to a specific video I think something about how to write SCPs and What I'll do is I'll link you to that so you can go to his channel and you can watch that video and subscribe if you'd like But in the meantime, I'm going to give you a kind of condensed version of the Discussion that we had and then probably on Thursday. I will just release a mostly unedited full interview. So if you like this kind of content, let me know and Let's get started So now we're sitting down with Tanhoni author of SCP 5000 Bobble the Clown and Approve I think it's approximately a hundred and twenty eight other articles on the SCP wiki Near that. I think I'm not I might be like a hundred and twenty four of the ones Yeah, hundred twenty eight. Yeah, you recently moved up to fourth place on the total articles list Which is the only list that really matters Quantity of quality I guess but hopefully there's a bit of quality Well to be fair, that's really quantity over recency, right? Cuz like the quality of work is not necessarily reflected in its in its rating. It's just how old is it?  You have to be more specific So I Was I've been chasing after the top five of the by total article count for a little while now and here you are just blowing right past it I just oh It's so annoying so annoying to watch At the same time, I mean at least you're creating mostly good works You know, there's actually a mean because you I don't know if you know this But I do dank memes recite videos from time to time. Yeah, I've seen a few. Yeah There's this meme going around every once in a while and a lot of people have said this this has happened with various videos I've done like people think that I care a lot about the D-class terminations thing Hmm.  But let's talk a little bit about SCP 5000 I think that's a good starting point since I believe that's your most popular word. Uh, currently it is right now Yeah, which is a bit of surreal As you said, yeah, you thought I thought it'd be bubble forever pretty much Well, you thought it'd be Bob. I was about to say you thought Bob all the clown would be your legacy for the SCP wiki didn't you I did So let's talk a little bit about SCP 5000. Well, what went into what was the idea the genesis? Of that article well, it was thought it was sort of just that very general concept all started from my wife The Foundation turned against humanity and then I just sort of bill added on to that sort of build on sort of I'm not being the most eloquent here, but it was all about there's a few ideas mainly So it was the Foundation turned against humanity and it's also the mystery theme I wanted to sort of do a mystery from the point of view of someone who never had a chance of solving it late But like it's better than near the end the victim in the murder mystery I also wanted to make a mystery that the origins could maybe solve even if the characters in it couldn't And I don't know how successful I was with all of that, but people liked it. I guess so It's a CP 5000 now Yeah, you hid shit in the fine I think somewhere near the bottom of the article and every time I'm like I don't really because I mean I do have an Opinion on it. I think my opinion is that it's a good art. It's an okay article, but I don't really I Don't I don't I was surprised to find it made it as the SCP 5000 that Not that it was a bad article, but I'm surprised that it was the most popular of all of the possible It took me by surprise as well because it was it was weirdly ahead by quite a big lead I don't know what really contributes to that because I think 501 was second place. That's really good as well. So I'm not sure what which one was five thousand that one's sacrosanth by a Yossi Posse But I just like I'm saying I'm not sure exactly what separated why from the other articles that it was Gave it to that large metric It was definitely Memier and I'm not saying that it's a bad thing. Oh, it's easier to share, right?  There's on time me from side 19 flat a week. Yeah, this is a communication from your five counsel Well, I mean and that's not necessarily a bad thing But the the a lot of people a lot of authors don't get this I think and like they'll be Confused the us not on the outside looking in not necessarily like you where you're confused Why your thing is doing so well, but they'll be on the outside going Why is this doing so much better than my stuff? And I'm like, well if it's more easily shareable Yeah, it's more likely to get popular because the quality is you mean a minimum level of quality and then after that It's how easily can you get people to read it with the latch on to? It's all about attention really I guess because they can't vote unless they read it Yep, I Mean I'm not and that's not to say that you know a certain high quality isn't necessary for things to get high rated But it's not the only factor. It's the best way to put it. Yeah Yeah, a lot of authors don't get that but after you've written a hundred and twenty articles or so Starts to become pretty apparent and I say that if somebody else is written a hundred twenty articles I haven't written as many as you. Yeah, so it's like with the Garfield scp as well Oh, yeah, despite how much I may not want it to it has become the gore field scp at this point. Hmm. I Have yet to read it, but I've definitely seen it on the internet many many times a giant spider Garfield I imagine That's not what it is That's the image that's been attached to it because people want to write gore field means and there's an scp That's Garfield. So it's very convenient. I imagine But it isn't a joint spider gore field monster. It's just a guy a Garfield suit Yeah Well, you've done More than just that at this point.  Yes, very recently I've been giving it going for a while just put this podcast been doing on it I've started to do a few more shorter videos outside the podcast as well Is it still just a podcast? I mean, you know, you're saying do another videos But is it still like the primary purpose of your channel just podcasting? Mostly from the moment. Yeah, I'm gonna try and sort of do more diverse content there See what people like, but the podcast is something I enjoy doing so that's always gonna be there. I think Because yeah, what's the topic of the podcast? So the podcast called discovering scp It's me and one of my friends named on now and Darnell doesn't know that much about scp So I've basically been going through the articles chronologically So in sort of the order that I think best shows off the universe Just sort of get his reactions his opinions on Articles there's sort of really old now, but he's reading them for the first time What's actually is an interesting way to look at it because it you know Introducing new people to the scp wiki is like the whole purpose of secondary media for me Right. Yeah, like hey, look at this look at this. It's the scp. Yeah, and it's not it's not what everyone tells you it is The data expunge the censoring means there's more to it You know what that's that's related to another concept and we'll get back to your channel in just a second But do you think of the scp wiki as more horror or science fiction or? Contemporary fantasy Well, I think in any given article it can be any of the three or maybe a combination I think sort of the underlying genre just shift over time We started off as horror of course and there was a bit of weird sort of comedy in there Then all a lot of fancy elements sci-fi elements got started and in and at this point We can pretty much do anything with an scp article within reason I should say But it's a lot broader than series one for example Yeah, I feel like series two is when things started going taking more of a sci-fi bent There's there's a little bit of it in series one series two really started to Like take it in a sci-fi direction. Yeah, especially scp 2000. I think if that's not series That's the sort of either end of series two or beginning of series three That's sort of the zenith of the sci-fi. I can personally sort of oh, yeah Series three did it too. Yeah by a lot. There's a lot of science fiction in series three Probably why it's my favorite, but yeah Thank you very much for watching if you enjoyed the video Please hit the subscribe button and then hit the notification bell next to that So you're notified when I upload new videos And if you really want to support the channel head on over to patreon.com Ford slash D Sumerian and pledge at any level like everybody here on the screen already has including scp 6277 who has pledged it 50 dollars a month VV who has pledged it 40 dollars a month lawful evil who has pledged it 40 dollars a month And probably a wizard and definitely not a scientist who has also pledged at 40 dollars a month It's nice to know that i'm not alone out here, and i'll see you all again on thursday


Everybody forced here up in 2023 update series baseball hobby and jumbo Update chrome hobby and jumbo a box makes number 23 picker team style We have Aaron K diamondbacks Anthony R. Astros Brad P. Padres Brad H Reds Christian L. Cardinals Christopher S. Dodgers Gary a Phillies Gavin K. Marlins Orioles Isaac L. Pirates dick of W. Giants Leoni with the Nationals Matthew B Yankees Michael P. A's Michael F. Rockies Mike C. Angels name Q. Blue J's Ray G. White Sox Ronaldo with the Cubs Rory D. Twins Ryan B. Metz Ryan D. With the Tigers Shiginori Red Sox Shinichiro Royals Thai W. Rangers Tim W. Brewers Timothy M. Rays Timothy F. Braves and Vaughn with Cleveland is Seattle. Let's do it. Everybody. Let's get started Let's a go spot for stature stature moving along now to that's about halfway full About halfway full teams on sale museum coming up after the update mixers. We got the PYT now random teams next and then we're moving on to some museum Two half cases all teams on sale. There's definitive with teams on sale coming up to Let's go guys. Let's have a great night here. Let's have a great night. It's full some heat A couple days ago and now it's 86 What the hell man That's how we do it Can we just get like a How we do it How we do it Get that get that heat back here God I was like damn man He's gonna cool off again that thing Next week yeah No I hope Probably still be chilly tonight when we leave No I mean it's still Yeah I'm back to wearing just straight up shorts and a t-shirt It's 78 right now and it's dark outside Yeah December 1st Yeah I'm saying it's 78 degrees right now December 1st and it's dark out I'm getting tired of this Uh oh man me too dude I was out there for that week at least it was like in the 50s and 60s you know what I'm saying It was just nice Night had got a little chilly you know I know I know I'm sorry everybody out there in Fries andville but We just lived here all our lives so it's like man I want the cool weather while we can because as soon as it hits like late March it's gone Yeah Yeah like yes And even then we'll have warm spells all throughout it just like this Yeah this is I couldn't believe it was 86 or something today The whole stack here Yeah I was like 86 I was running on my AC Mike Trout All-Star We're the Angels there Siaskar Hernandez Imagenta Yepez for the Cardinals to 399 Prism Wymer Rookie for the Brewers What's the weather where you're at John? Fractor Rookie Amaya Cubs Dude he lives in a He lives in like a rhubarb or something Josh Young All-Star Game Randy Vazquez Rookie Refractor for the Yankees Yeah Kench is sitting in a hammock drinking a drink out of a coconut right now on the beach Yeah Titans Anthony Volpe I know he is Prism Trevor Williams for the Nationals 45 It was 20 earlier this week good God Matt McClain Acunia All-Star for the Braves Yeah there's a couple cold days on the East Coast this week Kind of the Midwest and the East Coast Guire Blue Refractor is the 150 G-Man Choi Pirates Prism Coloss Debut White Sox Refractor Rookie Royals Brewer Hicklin Austin Hayes All-Star Game Rowley Green Refractor Debut for the Tigers Rookie Refractor Auto Dodgers Michael Grove Grove to 499 Prism Debut Christopher Morale for the Cubs Had to play tonight? Yes sir Play Washington Play Washington again? Yeah Stomp them again I hope so Some more Papa John's tomorrow I got pizza last time when I got home Kyle said he was like eight days in a row He got pizza He's like, I'm so Papa John's out He goes, but you can't beat the deal I'm like, oh I get it I get it dude I get it I might have to do it if they win tonight I got the Chacarone He's pretty good Was it? Yeah, mine wasn't super greasy No? It's probably a little saturated with the grease and the cheese Yeah, maybe I'll go with something I don't know, you know me Yeah, get that 50% off dude, it's crazy Their pizza's alright Like the regular pizza's alright Come on This guy's Christmas Caroling Christmas Caroling The trash list? That is evil Yeah Evil I gotta see what my list is looking like Gotta add some people to it I'm gonna add two Let's see Yup They're gonna know this Checking it first Personals will start probably If breaks fill up on time Probably 12.30 a.m. Eastern So when group breaks are finished Probably 12.30 a.m. Eastern I'm hoping for that time I'm hoping for Got to fill some football breaks though After group breaks Football hockey and baseball First up on that list is Museum collection baseball everybody PYT's on sale Sean Murphy It is, Nicholas Here are Fractured Twins, Brent Hedrick Nicholas, what are you getting me for Christmas, man? Let's hear it Yeah, better be good Don't be shortchanging me, man Okay, that's a Refractor debut, Casey Schmidt for the Giants Prism rookie, BB for the Guardians Justin Steele All-Star Game Insert for the Cubs Nick Ahmed Elvis Andres, White Sox, photo negative Prism rookie, Patrick Bailey for the Giants Riley Green Future Stars, Refractor A's Ricky Mason Miller That is an Aqua Rookie, Emmanuel Valdez Red Sox to 199 All-Star Game Mookie Gray Rod, Rookie Refractor for Baltimore We are getting there Now that it's December, it's just going to go by fast Yeah Purple Speckle, Rookie Otto Michael Stiffanik to 299 Angels This might be the fastest year That has flown by in my life Rookie Refractor, Logan Allen Guardians That happens when you work here Yeah, I think that's it That happens when you work here Just go, go, go Prism, Farmer, Twins Volpe, Action Stars, Rookie for the Yankees Anderson, Refractor, Angels Kyle, Farmer, Vajenta, Purple, Lava, Lamp to 299, Twins Kunya Prism, Dom Smith, Nationals Cindy Gard, Refractor Alright, two more hobby boxes You guys, personals can fill up pretty quick tonight If a lot of people order Don Russ football boxes It's going to slow it down a bit Just because it'll take more time to get through Twins gone to the first half of this museum Nine to go 100 K's of women's drag breaks Yeah, there's probably a few people that'll do some stuff like that I don't know if we'll do any multi-case breaks 10 K's of braveries for 100 K's Alright, All-Star Dansby Retchman debut Refractor, Orioles Monzo, Gunner Titans there Rookie Otto Grave, Taryn Vavra for Baltimore Guarantee you get your product That's a strange question What? If you buy stuff rough, we ship it to you We don't steal Prism debut Rookie Metz, Brett Beatty Sorry that happened to you somewhere else All-Star Aaron Judge Long there Green, Titans, Gunner, Anderson for the Orioles It's a 99 Prism, Mitch Hannager for the Giants I didn't say it was a strange product Rookie Refractor will be viced out for the Reds What? Oh, I see what's going on here Garrett Cole Matt McClain Rookie Got Rookie Refractor, Bachman for the Angels Jesus Ruchman, Witt Refractor, Brett Phillips Prism, Ozokar for the Padres Refractor, Mitch Hannager, Giants Green Refractor, debut Casey Schmidt for the Giants here There we go Over to 99 Ruchman, Action Stars Prism, Rookie, Juan Fenn for the Mariners Rookie Refractor, Perkins for the Brewers Aqua, debut Bobby Miller Dodgers to $199 It's not even a good troll, dude Yeah, it was pretty pathetic They didn't even... Huh? They didn't even listen to what I said Fenn And then they said the wrong thing back Bye-bye What a... swing and a miss Bye-bye Exactly, Josh That's where we're trying to get at Before he babbled and left Man, the trolls are... Trolls are working overtime this to be really tired I don't know, we haven't had any issues recently It's the night of the night that we battle Let's go I'm up for it Hey, we're getting paid right now They're doing it for free They must love the game, huh?  We ship what we say we're going to ship If we ever make a mistake We... More than fix it Absolutely A lot of you that have broken with us have known If we make a mistake We... We more than fix it I know, right? Josh They ain't like that Good time, dude That's all we're doing And those of you that are bothered by that I'm sorry that someone came in chat Had nothing good to do Yeah But I will Get me fired up a little bit Let's go museum, guys Let's go museum Got a rookie refractor of Alu for the Nats Titans of Jordan Walker for the Cardinals Rookie Auto Nationals, Israel Panada Mervis Rookie Refractor Cubs Prism Cubs, Eric Osmer McClain Bass for the Reds And the Rookie Ben Intendi Got a DeGrom Refractor Prism Nikky Lopez for the Royals J. Hay Refractor Lubab All-Star Game Refractor Rookie Rockies Brenton Doyle, Brenton Doyle Rules Doyle Rules Rookie Refractor Batten for the Padres Prism Rookie Jose Hernandez for the Pirates Jose Hernandez Randy All-Star Game Refractor debut BB for the Guardians Green Refractor Jose Alzacart in 99 Go to the Padres Prism debut Rookie Jordan Walker Cardinals now And McCann Refractor for the O's Alright Jambo we need some heat here Bobby not the biggest of hits Channel 50 will have the Magic Game starting at 7 We can go between that and The Pac-12 Championship What a slap Slap what up One of the hands in the face Slap Alright 8 to go on the first half of the museum case I'm going to give you guys a definitive link too Definitive teams are also on sale JQ you got tonight Washington I would assume But it was the team at the last session last time It was the same way those teams were Photo negative Alu Rookie Nats All-Star with Tony Michael Harris Action Stars Mitch Garver Refractor Organs favorite Organs favorite Say they got a good defense Alvarez Action Stars for the Mets Prism Devin Williams Brewers Refractor Monasterio Brewers Rookie 9 and a half That's insane Really? That is crazy I'm taking a I'm taking a Washington Blue Refractor Auto Logan Webb for the Giants Cy Young Contender there to 150 Panic throws two picks Refractor debut Langelier's A's One's a pick six You think so? Yeah I was going to say Washington covers it over for sure B Doug That sounds good to me Prism Duvall Red Sox Refractor Adore I think Oregon covers or Washington covers?  We get some likes? Like the stream everybody Did you like the stream? Going to do it right now Come on man Dude Dude Purple Speckle Rookie Auto Brent Hedrick Twins Number to 299 J-Ram Refractor debut Michael Harris Braves I want to pull a pass and a torch on it tonight Have Don Russ Yeah one today It was fire J-Rice and Devo Oh jeez dude J-Rod Future Stars Rookie Prism Maji for the Pirates Rich Hill Refractor Huh Oh yeah I thought yeah That's a close one Although what's his name Milrow He's been ballin Gunner Titans for the Orioles Seagull Sub-Nigolas Jay, how many four games do you play tonight? New Seasons what tomorrow? Saturday? It goes into downtime I think Pretty sure What do you have to work Shawn? Prism McGuire for the Red Sox I don't know man Refractor Shoomake Braves Just running the walls Scroll TikTok for 45 minutes Yeah I guess No I said it was a day Yeah I think So I hopped on earlier to see if anyone was on No one was on Yeah Rookie Auto Matt Wallner Twins Oh boy Refractor debut Senga Mets Rookie They win tomorrow They get in Back up Yellow Mini Diamond Rookie Miguel Amaya Cubs The 75 Prism Matt Moore Angels Refractor debut Nato for the Angels Is it Rodimaker? That's his name right? Rotator Let's go Brock Freshman Yeah he's a true Freshman too Freshman playing in the ACC title game Let's go Legends are made I don't think he's doubtful I think he's just questionable Legends are made There's like 3,500 base cards in here What's going on here? Really thick There's like 15 extra base All Star Judge Trace Fan Club President Jake Would you happen to know who that is? I mean one of them standing right here There's only one missing So take a while Guess who that is Unless Jake is a ventriloquist How's it going Trace? Hey Trace how are you? Volpe Future Stars for the Yankees Future Factory Soriano Mets Do you see the Pirate's Claim Derby Munoz? No Yeah Nicholas just let me know Nicholas this is our Whatever his name is Hello Kyle Hi Kyle Aqua Wave Rookie Auto Blake Perkins Brewer is the 199 How are we feeling about tomorrow? Corbin Carroll Rookie Refractor Caballero Mariners Knowles by 30 LSE Pirates Correspondent We have our own Prism Elliot Hernandez Rangers Rookie Pirates Insider Jake is the Raze Insider Yes I do share admiration of Dantra Willis Detrain was a beast Although if I try to kick my leg up that high I'm gonna go to the hospital I might fall over Jake you fall over doing a lot of things man Yeah I've seen you When you run you fall over I wanted to run the race again I want to see bad Are we doing Jonathan? Yeah Jake just got called a bot Get a couple runs in before we get after it Prism Rookie Brenton Doyle Rules for the Rockies Gary Helt Rookie Refractor Tigers Yeah a lot of people do It's pretty part of the course But Jen said a 390 on Sean Murphy Raves Prism Rookie Weimer Brewers Refractor Luzveras Matt Mervis Rookie Base Auto Cubs He's lighten it up man Rookie Refractor Stout for the Reds They played some softer defenses but he's still lighten it up CDs Here we go What? Yeah here we go That's his cadence You ever heard it? No Really?  I did What kind of smear did you use as regular? I'm a plain guy A plain bagel Well I don't know if it was plain but it had Fairly anything on it Prism debut is BB It had some kind of Rookie Refractor Marlins That it was not a plain bagel I don't know what it was Plain bagel has absolutely nothing Hence the word plain Listen it was close to plain Maybe it was sitting in the same bag It was close to plain Dude And then there's Whatever was supposed to be on it was not on it Blue Refractor Rookie Otto Shintaro Fujinami With the Orioles out of 150 Yeah so it's not a plain Right? Yes Rookie Refractor Perkins Brewers Close to plain Bangles, Jagsby, Browning Over Lawrence Close to plain Really Here we go Jake had an almost plain bagel What do they call them at the store? I'm going to show you I already looked at it. Don't be touching on them There's no fire foam in that one That's weird That's not a sesame seed What is it? It's poppy seed Poppy seed I mean there are sesame seeds on bagels Oh for sure The black one is the poppy seed He said the sesame seed with the black little sesame seed Okay poppy seed You're putting them in a board Round and round Round and round we go Rookie Water Bagels Rookie Future Stars Gunner Henderson Orioles Prism Rookie Vasquez Yankees Rookie Refractor Nolan Jones Rockies Danny looks like your chat is working We're in a Subscriber's only votes that's good Purple Rookie Otto the Overpiguero Pirates at 250 You have to describe a lot of things We overpiguero the second best piguero Otani All-Star Action Star is ratcheted for the Orioles Rookie Refractor is Williamson Reds Yeah there's some things I just don't get Jake What's he over under your dog's barking right now Heavily favored Heavily favored over They're not even taking pets anymore I'm not kidding I want to kill him Jake don't kill the dog I'm waking up in the morning and he's constantly barking Non Stop Listen when we play together I hear him Dude Jordan Walker Titans Action Stars Rally Green Stromboli My other dog doesn't bark at all He only barks when there's actually a person at the door Which is fine There's other dog just barks because he wants to I think there's a Brooklyn water bagel somewhere around here The bagels we have Some actually brought them from New York to us Yeah Like Mary has a Brooklyn water bagel I think there's also one There's another one somewhere else too Like University Golden Rod I think it's like right there that's where it was when I used to live over there The fire J-Rod all-star nice card for the Mariners 26 of 50 How we doing Shane? Prism, Teosker, Hernandez Mariners, Rookie Refractor, Thadward Nationals Yeah we got lucky today Someone visiting us Oh it was his mom's huh Oh His mom brought that for us Is it his mom or his dad? I forgot Are they both right here? Yeah Alby's Super nice If I was laying I would come get people from the shop tomorrow Make them clock in and use them on company time to move Yeah I'm just kidding I'll be like uh Jake and Matt Come on let's go, actually not Matt Rookie Refractor Rookie Refractor Can you carry the pillows? Yeah Is it a marker you follow? Yeah Like here bring the truck this way Useless He just blows around Just follow the path of both of us He's just looking around all the time For the Diamondbacks Rookie Refractor Go Tampa Woo 80, Rookie Refractor Bird Rockies Part of the cannons Cosmohalt To do in Fans Hamulus Chain that sounds good man It's got a radiating rookies coming up here And it is A Viori Perez for the Marlins Nice card Marlins Prison Rookie Moreno For the Diamondbacks County Janssen Patriots, yeah Patriots Yes Patriots as well Yeah I think Rookie Auto Zach Thompson Cardinals Dolis, Refractor Rookie Urban Nationals We need a coach that gets it Right now What? Drops the ball It's time to pick it up, dust it off Run it for a touchdown for our guys For some debut Burleson Cardinals And Chavez for the Braves Okay last box Is that the veterinarian This question He's serious right now Shane is He knows that He knows that That Shane specializes in In The area of Marsupials Yeah Without killing it Just get it real close And then bring it back Seven to go We need you to operate on his voice box And just take it out Every time he barks it's a whisper Dude Shut up please Nothing out there man He's seeing stuff He's seeing his own bangs Maybe we need a trend We need it Can't see what's going on Never a dolphin So you've worked on a Marlin Well let's just say Marlin is not snowflake Yeah that's not snowflake That's not snowflake Oh man Alright guys let's get some breaks filling up here I'll give you a link for ten box panini one mixer as well Keep your goat Yeah That's cool Dude Luke is not good If he came to the magic he'd be good That's like Sam Come on man That looks like Sam You put a ginger beard on him Oh boy If you overlaid a break on that It would be Sam's Good lord Alright Prismerkey Bachman Angels Thought like a Marlin was kind of cool I don't know Never met either Purple speckle rookie auto to 299 Rockies Michael Toglia Brutal I have a curd burger Jake you're just going to get one anyway I got the shakaroni last night it was pretty damn good What are you getting I got the shakaroni and the curd burger What is that It's at Culver's it's a burger On top of one gigantic cheese curd So instead of the cheese It's the best thing I've ever had Really? Prismerkey debut ties Bradley for the race That's strong You're a factor in Doyle Rockies I've had one before You guys ever had the Culver's Cheese Curd Burger Shane knows about it Shane's had it before You trust my taste Walker If you're a factor debut I mean It's really good Oh like it's like me And Matt And Dylan Green speckle Green speckle here going to be an image Variation SP or it should be And it is of Gabriel Moreno Diamondbacks 68 of 99 Prism A Mechanic for the Giants Refracted debut BB Guardians Mosquito Burger What's that I bet you could probably make one pretty easily Go outside right now make you one I don't know what's cool off a bit Black White Mini Diamond Corbin Carroll Rookie Autograph Diamondbacks What a hit Aaron Big congrats Aaron The Jumbo exclusive Black White Mini Diamond Rookie Auto Let's go Aaron That's a biggie Fracter Moreno Rookie Diamondbacks Insane box of the Diamondbacks actually Crazy good box Quakes Really Maybe I should get one more President Maeda twins What'd you say Grey Rider Rookie Refractor Orioles It's always like a limited time I'm sure they're not super big You told me about it first Last year when it was around And then I never got a chance to have it Mosquitoes Machinoburgers Super White Protein That's gross Yummy Justin Steele All Star Game Cubs Hernandez Rookie Refractor Rangers Heck yeah AK Let's go You also hit a green speckle Moreno Image Variation In the same box like a few packs before it Let's go AK Let's go Prism Rookie Thin for the Mariners Not now but Thin Jake predict the trash list Right now Rookie Auto Brandon Fought for the Diamondbacks More Diamondbacks Damn Yuri Perez Refractor debut of Marlins I'm definitely like At this moment in time I'm definitely the top three For sure Sam's up there obviously Sam hasn't been on in the last couple weeks President debut Or there wasn't one last week Cubs Morrell And Rookie Refractor Hedrick for the twins Did you do one for your family up there for Thanksgiving You put them on the trash list They're on it every day They know it Do we know who's up top of the trash list in your family Uh Man if I If I really had to think that's great I'm gonna make one for my family on Christmas Hell yeah I'm gonna make that and I'm gonna send Each one of them that for Christmas It's a Christmas present Merry Christmas everybody You're on the trash list What is this That's an amazing idea honestly God bless Stocking stuffers know So pissed at me But you know what Well those who get mad just You're on it next year All right a $399 we have Murphy I'll just take it back A $299 farmer Miller Valdez The $150 G-Man Shoei It's a $99 Schmidt No image variation SP for the Diamondbacks Mini Diamond Yellow Amaya Cubs Gold J-Rod Radiating Rookie Zuri Perez Marlins on the SP We got a fought Rookie Auto Diamondbacks Zach Thompson and Matt Mervis Matt Walner Israel Panetta Teran Vavra To $499 we had Grove Taj Bradley A $150 Logan Web And Shintaro Fujinami And then a Black and White Mini Diamond Rookie Auto of Corbin Carroll Really nice break from the Diamondbacks Some other nice hits in there too On to the random style of that


Hi everyone. I'm going to give a talk about a series of workshops that was run in London over the last year about introducing NetBSD to a group of hardware enthusiasts. In London, we have a series of events that have been running for a few years called the open source hardware user group. At some point last year, I was asked on the theme of operating systems to come and represent the BSD family to these hardware enthusiasts. I thought about how I would kind of present this because most people don't really care about software.  On this event, we had a series of talks from myself doing the BSDs, a group of my friends representing the Linux family, and then just to kind of keep it really out there, we had Charles Forsythe presenting the Plan 9 family operating systems. And the feedback was quite good. And moving along a few months, I got the opportunity to actually run a series of workshops to get people started. So kind of thinking about how I would actually present the BSDs to them. I've never done any kind of teaching before, so I thought that trying to actually run a workshop with like three or four different operating systems is quite a big take on. So I thought I'd just stick with NetBSD, because I could think of some things that I could demonstrate to them that would be beneficial. And so I did that. And what I've kind of focused it around was basically around saving time. The reason was, going back a few years back in about 2013, we actually did a series of workshops about introducing people to FPGA, FPGA programming. And it was meant to be an event run over a weekend. And basically our first day was completely lost to basically trying to get the Altera toolchain installed. So what happens is with like the Altera toolchain is if you have lots of money that will sell you a very expensive ID. And if you don't have it, you will get the same thing, but it's like the free addition. Now you'd think that if you don't have a license, you know, you could kind of operate it in the free mode, but that wasn't the case. And most people kind of, including myself, found this out where we kind of worked along with the application. And then when we actually came to actually synthesize our work, it goes, oh no, you don't have a license, you can't use this. And so you had to literally uninstall and go back and reinstall 12 gigabytes worth of application. So from this experience, from the group actually, some folks got together and worked on a project to actually make a new board. So you're not a victim of these kind of closed tools. So the project that they've kind of put together is this MyStorm board, which is based on this Lattice FPGA chip, which is also open source. And yeah, you've got a nice, very light toolchain, and you can do stuff with open hardware. In other places in the world, you know, things are kind of still growing. 60 gigabytes worth of toolchain just to install before you can kind of get started. So why? Kind of to raise expectations. Like, in this case I'm presenting in net BSDs, there's a lot of things that we do in the BSD family that, you know, kind of just avoids a whole bunch of problems that other people in other areas have to kind of suffer. And just, yeah, demonstrates a little bit of respect for the user that you can, by using these, this piece of software, you can save yourself a whole load of time and headache. But the thing is, is kind of, if you actually wanted to kind of get involved and develop, there's quite a steep learning curve. So I really want to kind of keep it high level because, yeah, we're not going to kind of get into actually trying to do something properly in the space of a short workshop. But the thing is, as a culture, you know, resources are available. Like, I think we're approaching, next month we're approaching like the 40th anniversary of like one BSD and that's, you know, all that is available open to track online. So you can follow the ancestry and see how the operating system has evolved. There's great texts, you know, like the Richard Stevens books, but that's not a light read. You know, the application programming in, advanced programming in the Unix environment is a fairly hefty, hefty book. And, you know, learning C, yeah, you can learn how to do like hello world and stuff, but can you actually handle pointers and things like that in a safe manner? And can you actually demonstrate that and teach that in the space of a very short workshop? Unlikely. Design and implementation series, you know, I think the first book came out about 20 years ago. So this is not a culture of, you know, describing your intention through comments or, you know, forcing people to read source code. There's actually decent text to kind of supplement the software development. And aside from that, there's proper courses as well. So this is completely the opposite of what's there. It's kind of more of a gallery of how can we, over the space of like half a day, get to do some stuff fairly quickly and fairly safely. So what I was kind of thinking about was these brittle tools and painful experiences that people have to kind of go through. Have we all seen like Brendan Greg shouting in the data center video?  So I thought we should kind of really demonstrate something around that. There's a gentleman by the name of Brett Victor, who's a researcher. And he did a talk called Inventing on Principle. And he kind of showed this environment that he'd kind of built as a proof of concept where when you have a rich environment, which allows you to kind of experiment with stuff very quickly and your feedback loops almost instant, it becomes a case of it's not always a reactionary, your workflow isn't always reactionary. You can actually start to project where you want to go and it becomes kind of much more intent-driven and forward-looking. So I was kind of thinking about that as well and how I could present that to the attendees. Brian Cantrell, I'm sure most if not all of you have heard of him. He did a talk back in Lisa 2009 about de-trace and how it came about. Before de-trace was a thing, Sun had a very big computer called the E10K and to actually go from a reboot to the system being functioning was about 45 minutes. And he was on a customer site trying to debug a problem and the system kept on panicking.  That kind of becomes even worse when you're actually in operations and things like that where your kind of feedback loop from debugging the situation to actually implementing it in production can be quite a long time and that's you lose lots of context. And yeah, on the theme of kind of brutal tools. And so when you don't have any, your coping mechanism just ends up becoming like kind of abstracting your problems away, just kind of piling stuff on top of each other. Or if you're dealing with like kind of closed systems and there's no way for you to kind of participate in the system or change it, you start manifesting these kind of really bad habits. Windows users who try to avoid all costs rebooting because as soon as you reboot, that's like three reboot cycles of updates installing that you lose time on. Or you're dealing with a project that doesn't do project management properly. So you're in a rolling release model. And you don't know if you apply a patch or update to a new version, what's exactly going to change when you're actually just trying to fix one bug. And so that kind of end up manifesting it into like fear to explore ideas because the system is so clumsy and brittle that even the slightest change, it's going to come tumbling down on you. Or I'm sure most network engineers have this, there's no room to maneuver. The only thing you have is the life system because redundancy is a licensed feature. So some more bad habits where we could avoid this whole problem by going serverless. Unicernals, be away with the ops team, anti-cernal, everything's in user space. So, George Neville Meal I think, I think last week or maybe a week before did this quite nice article about these kind of cultures, about avoiding kernel programming and trying to push stuff into user space. Some of the things that you may not be aware of. And PHK a few years back did a thing called the generation lost in a bizarre, which was essentially a book review of Frederick Brooks's the design of design which kind of talks about institutional knowledge and kind of keeping a log and documenting your processes. So what are we going to explore? Constraint is how do you make this, present this operating system to someone who doesn't care about operating systems and ignore the software features because it doesn't matter, they don't care about the bells and whistles. So what did we explore? Explore the documentation. Your first port of call isn't Google and someone's blog. We have our manuals online and you can kind of drill down from there. If something isn't documented that's a bug. This isn't actually specific to NetBSD but that's what I kind of presented. The source repo I think actually right at this moment there's a talk on the UNIX architecture somewhere else about the UNIX history repo. They're a privilege where we can kind of go back I think 37 or 38 years so we can actually see how the operating system is involved. Which is maybe not a privilege for somebody in a fragmented operating system environment. And cross compilation is really easy, there's no elaborate setup process. So the idea is an attendee would get a copy of the NetBSD source code, a copy of the package source code and would start building. We'd avoid trying to do stuff safely and see by leaning on the lower environment that's in NetBSD. How to do rapid prototyping on your actual machine because it's bound to be faster than the Raspberry Pi or the ARM board that you're going to kind of work on. And sometimes you don't actually have the hardware to kind of, you don't have the hardware that you're actually targeting. So we have some various simulation devices which allow you to kind of work away from that. And so in the world of IoT security is an issue and so I thought about kind of demonstrating Tampa resistance. So should it binary change, the system won't execute it. And we kind of got away with it. There was some, the process was a little bit rough in certain places. So I had to kind of explain to the people who turned up with like a Linux laptop that they have to install the UCP package in order to obtain the CU command. So they can connect to the serial adapter and then you have to change the permissions. On OSX it can be a lot worse because if they're a bit confident they'll stop googling about how to kind of install the OSX drivers and they'll probably land on a blog post that says you should turn off kernel signing of drivers just to get some obscure driver that you've downloaded from a Chinese mirror. So we still, the main tool chain in FBSD is still GCC. And if you're on a Mac and you're building with Clang, the nesting in GCC for C++ kind of blows up. So I had to kind of explain to the users about adding extra flags to get the build done. And ideally we want to kind of do away with serial header. But the reason I kind of went down the serial header route was I didn't want to actually have to walk through a classroom full of people on how to set up networking and you know, they have to be in the same subnet and this is how you connect. So I kind of went down the serial header route but then obviously I had these problems. But one thing we've been thinking about is for our ARM images we have multicast DNS set up. But we have this problem at the moment that there's no initial user. So there you have a device that's connected on the network and broadcasting itself. You can't actually SSH in and connect. So I kind of, in preparation for this, I was kind of making sure that I covered all the angles. So I did a lot of testing on SIGWIN and Windows for the cross compilation side of things. And we kind of quickly got into Autoconf Hell where some of the things that we had in base just had no knowledge of like Windows 64 bits addition. So it kind of fell short very quickly there. Unbootable images. For the ARM boards, there's no unified way of booting a system depending on what you have. You have something as drastic as you know, DDing a blob to the file system to just having a file on a DOS partition that's marked active which is a thing from like the DOS era but for some reason it's kind of transferred into the world of ARM for some reason. And we actually had this with our Beaglebone images where we were generating the images but the FAT file system wasn't actually marked active which means when you apply power to your ARM board, you boot will not actually look at the DOS partition for the boot loader and wouldn't boot. I didn't keep any notes, I can't remember what that actually was. Sorry. And so the two boards that I actually targeted was the Raspberry Pi and the Beaglebone Black and it turned out that there was some inconsistencies between what was there in the configuration files for the kernel between the two boards which meant some attendees couldn't do some of the steps and the other ones were, yeah, that was the thing. So I actually had to take a minor detour into getting people up to speed and break and you boot scripts. So we have a generic ARM image and the script tries to enumerate what board you're actually booting on and then load the relevant kernel based on that which means that we don't have to have loads of different images for different boards. I think moving forward this is a non-problem because we end up actually relying on the flattened device tree and we just actually have one kernel and we can do a way with this but the way that we actually enumerated which board you were running on was broken which meant on certain Beaglebone Blackboards it wouldn't boot. So since doing those things we made some changes to NetBSD. Mark Baume brought the lure up to date in our base. Jared McNeil made the U-boot packages which means it's literally adding three new variables in a make file if you want to support a new version of U-boot. Very exec which was the tamper-resistant mechanism with supporting kind of things like MD5 and SHA-1 which are effectively broken so we removed that and the setup process is no longer required because it's working out of the box. But there's still a lot more that we can do to just kind of make the process really smooth and really easy for kind of people to try to try things out. As always there's more documentation needed. More documentation needed to kind of explain the various subsystems. More lure and vrump examples. So what I wanted to do was basically instruct people to show up with an onboard and a computer and we can basically compile or you'll be given a copy of the source code. We can build an operating system and you can boot it on your onboard and then kind of work through some exercises. What I wanted to kind of avoid is actually having to request that they show up with a breadboard and you know various components for me to have to supply a breadboard and various peripherals to try. So I looked into what I could do actually on the board and I think for like the GPIO exercises the Raspberry Pi lets you control one of the LEDs which is there for the Ethernet so you can kind of switch that on and off and not much else. So I want to kind of do something a bit more elaborate than just trying to switch an LED on and off. Yeah so we've been kind of discussing how to actually add users to an image so that the user just basically downloads an image for the operating system or takes the image for the operating system puts it onto an SD card maybe adds an entry for a username and a password and they can boot the system and we don't have to fuff around with serial console drivers and things like that. Mark has this Unix binding which is gives you various system calls and functions in Lua so we can do a bit more systems related things from our Lua environment and maybe kind of look at the testing framework that we have so we can further move away from doing things on the actual board into doing testing locally. So spinning up an instance of QMU running through some tests and then shutting the system down you know if the system worked okay. Some people that I'd like to thank Andrew Back who invited me to do the talks in the workshops, the open source hardware user group, the London Hackspace, some NetBSD developers who helped along the way. Do we have any questions? All right thank you.


Ukrainian intelligence announces new surprises in Crimea. Civilians should not use the Crimean Bridge. New surprises await the enemy, states Kirillov-Budinov, head of the Defence Intelligence of Ukraine. According to Budinov, we owe the successes of Ukrainian soldiers in Crimea to the inhabitants of the peninsula whose resistance to the enemy has not ceased over the past 10 years of war with Russia. The Defence Intelligence Chief explained that for successful defence and counter-offensive, Ukraine must control the Black Sea and Crimea. All previously set tasks have been accomplished. Russia lost a quarter of its ships and was forced to withdraw its fleet to the Caucasus coast. The enemy has also redeployed its aviation as Crimean airfields and military facilities are constantly under our fire. We owe our success to the residents of Ukrainian Crimea who not only strengthened their resistance to the occupiers but also found the opportunity to monitor the entire operational situation on the peninsula and pass this information to us as soon as possible. Budinov added Ukraine has also fulfilled another promise. In 2023, our Special Forces officers visited Crimea. New surprises await the enemies and I would not recommend civilians to use the so-called Crimean Bridge. The head of Ukrainian intelligence said the Crimean Bridge illegally built by the occupiers has been hit at least twice. In October 2022, powerful explosions occurred on the bridge, causing significant damage. The head of the security service of Ukraine, Vasyl Malyuk, confirmed that it was an operation of his special service. In addition, in July 2023, there was another attack on the Crimean Bridge. Two spans were destroyed. Malyuk also confirmed Ukraine's involvement in this attack and noted that it was organized with the help of sea-baby drones. Russia may annex another European country. Russian President Vladimir Putin may announce the annexation of the pro-Russian breakaway region of Transnistria. The Institute for the Study of War ISW has said while the Washington think tank said such a possibility was unlikely in the short term, its report describes a continuing hybrid operation by Moscow to destabilize the former Soviet state which borders Ukraine according to Newsweek. Internationally recognized as part of Moldova, whose European Union aspirations have angered the Kremlin, Transnistria is located between the Dynistra River and the Moldovan-Ukrainian border. Moldova has no control over the Russian-speaking region that claimed independence after the collapse of the USSR, sparking an intervention by Moscow. Russian troops remain in the territory. While Transnistria's independence is not recognized by Moscow or the international community, the territory where Russian troops are based remains a useful tool for the Kremlin to stop Moldova from seeking greater ties with the EU and NATO. The ISW said that the Transnistrian Congress of deputies held a rare meeting in their capital, Tiraspol. During it, they blamed Chisinaw for destroying the region's economy and violating the freedoms of population of around half a million. Transnistrian opposition activist Genadi Sioba said that deputies will ask on February 28 for Moscow to annex Transnistria a day before Putin addresses the Russian Federal Assembly Moldovan outlet Deshide reported. ISW said it could see Putin in the most dangerous course of action declare Russia's annexation of Transnistria during his planned address, although that appears unlikely. The Russian president will more likely welcome whatever action the Transnistrian Congress of deputies takes and offer observations on the situation. The ISW said the deputies will likely either initiate a new referendum seeking Moscow's annexation or demand action on ballots held in 2006 unrecognized internationally, one of which backed joining Russia. The ISW said Putin will likely welcome whatever actions the Congress takes, although he may stop short of acting on a request for immediate annexation. It added. Russia fires 8,000 missiles at Ukraine. Since the beginning of the full-scale invasion in February 2022, the Russian military has fired more than 8,000 ballistic and cruise missiles at Ukrainian territory Ukrainian Air Force spokesman Yuri Inat told. According to Inat, the figure includes 78 Kinzhal hypersonic missiles with 25 of them being destroyed by Ukraine's air defenses. There were also 843 caliber sea-launched cruise missiles fired with 406 successfully intercepted. These are very strong indicators that demonstrate the strength of our defense forces, said Inat. Furthermore, since February 24, 2022, the enemy has launched 1,513-X-101-X-555 Soviet-era cruise missiles at Ukraine's territory with 1,176 being shot down. In the winter of 2022-2023, Russia used over 1,100 cruise missiles to attack Ukraine's energy infrastructure, hoping to collapse the country's power grid. Their goal last winter was to plunge Ukraine into a blackout. Inat continues. This time, the strategy in targeting has somewhat changed. You can see the targeted facilities starting from the port infrastructure of the agricultural sector, followed by the oil and gas industry and defense enterprises. Besides missiles, the spokesman said that Moscow used 4,637 Iranian-made Shahad UAVs to strike targets in Ukrainian territory, of which 3,605 were downed by Ukraine's air defenses.