I'm a geologist and assistant professor in ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration. I lead a multidisciplinary lab that studies magma, molten rock that forms beneath the earth's surface, and how it forms on earth and other planets, as well as the lead up to volcanic eruptions. But before I studied magma and lava flows, my career focused on a different kind of flow, ballet. For five years before I went to college, I was a professional dancer in two world renowned companies. My life as a ballet dancer was very fulfilling, but also very exhausting. During the weekdays, there were classes and rehearsals. During the nights and weekends were performances. And altogether, my salary was below that of minimum wage. But you do it because you love it. Because you're an artist. Because you can't imagine doing anything else. But slowly, over time, that changed for me. A change in artistic direction. Watching fellow dancers get injured and then fired. Working through injuries of my own. And wanting to have a stable career that lasted past the age of 30. All slowly led me to make the choice to leave the dance world and go to college. In ballet, a big leap is called a grand chateau. And certainly, leaving the dance world and going to college to pursue a degree in science felt like a grand chateau. It was hard to leave behind something that I loved so much, that I'd been doing since the age of four, but ultimately was not serving me anymore. And move into this big, scary unknown. In college, I worked very hard, but I lacked confidence. But ballet had taught me to give my dreams everything that I had, no matter what any doubting mentor said or how many rejection slips I received. And trust me, there were a lot. But I learned that it was important to me to give it my all, and that that meant that I could live with the outcome, no matter what it was, because I knew I gave it my best shot. It was during this time as an undergraduate that I found myself standing on a mountain-sided geology field camp looking at a rock formation. And the professor had described this as being deposited during a cold mudflow. But as I looked at it, I realized that I disagreed with him. I actually thought that it had been deposited hot during a volcanic eruption. This was a eureka moment for me, because not only had I made my first scientific discovery, but I gained my first little bit of confidence as a scientist. It was in that moment that I first felt like a geologist. And to travel forward here in time, and here I am as a professor now, and I get to do all sorts of amazing things like make magma in the lab. When you think of magma chambers, you probably think of red, hot, boiling goo. But actually, we as scientists have learned that that's not a very good model. Magma chambers are actually just a little bit of that hot red liquid, but they're mostly crystals that form as the magma chamber cools. And those crystals grow rings or zones, much like a tree grows rings. And tree rings tell us about the environment that a tree was growing in, and those crystal rings tell us about the environment in the magma chamber at the time the crystal was growing. These crystals are then erupted and deposited on the surface as ash or lava flows, and we can go sample them and bring them back to ASU where we can analyze those crystals with specialized equipment. We analyze very tiny parts of those crystals that are only one-one-hundredth the thickness of a human hair. And that allows us to reconstruct the events in the magma chamber leading up to eruption. And so we can hope to, through these kinds of studies, build a one-day build a volcano early warning system, much like we have for earthquakes. When you think of geology and time, you probably think of millions and billions of years. But one of the most startling things that we have learned is that these time scales of magmatic processes occur on the scale of a human lifetime in only hundreds or tens of years. Some of our research at Yellowstone National Park actually suggest that these magmatic processes happen in months or less. Months or less? Oh, no! Does that mean there's going to be a volcanic eruption at Yellowstone in months? Isn't that one of those supervolcanoes that kills people? Well, as a scientist, I'm here to allay your concerns. There is no imminent signs of eruption at Yellowstone. And Yellowstone actually has many more small eruptions than it has large ones. So it's much more likely if it were to erupt again in the future, it would have one of these small eruptions, a small lava flow of a cubic kilometer or less. And we also have many amazing scientists and instruments that monitor the volcano every day and will let us know if there were signs of an imminent eruption. Although it might seem unlikely, I credit Ballet as excellent preparation for being a geologist and now a professor. Ballet is about trying again and again and again until you prevail. And today, for every scientific discovery, there is just as many frustrating days in the lab. For every funded grant, there is just as many, if not more, rejected proposals. But I am happy to be here every day giving it my best shot. And one of the great many joys of my job is that I get to help students of all ages and backgrounds have moments of scientific and self-discovery just like mine that day on the mountainside.


I'd like to call the meeting of the contract review subcommittee for the Board of Public Utilities to order. You may have a roll call, please. Board Member Grable. Here. Board Member Baden-Fort and Chair Galvin. Here. Let the record reflect that all Board members are present with the exception of Board Member Baden-Fort. Just a reminder, I don't think it'll be an issue today, but we can only have three microphones on at the same time. So please mute your microphone when you're not speaking. We'll move to item two on the agenda, which is public comments. So we'll now take public comments on item two. If you're in the room, please move to the microphone and wait for the timer to appear on the screen. Nobody rising, that'll take care of item number two. We'll now move to our main item number three, Director Burke. Thank you, Chair Galvin and members of the subcommittee. Our contract item for today is a proposed professional services agreement with integrated project solutions for engineering design services for the Delta Pond standby generator and Laguna treatment plant annex boiler replacements project. And Chris Balaneze, our associate civil engineer with our capital projects team will be making the presentation. Welcome, Chris. Thank you. So, hello, Chair Galvin and Board Member Grable. My name is Chris Balaneze, associate civil engineer with capital projects engineering. So today I am presenting a more detailed look into the proposed professional services agreement for engineering design services pertaining to the Delta Pond standby generator and Laguna treatment plant annex boiler replacements project. So the project is split up into two locations. The first project location is at the Delta Pond. So the Delta Pond is a recycled water storage pond in the reuse system that delivers water to the recycled water mainline. The facility is fed 12 kilovolt power by PG&E overhead lines. During winter storms, the facility experiences power outages and inaccessibility due to flooding along the access road. The loss of power creates operational issues for critical pump, valve and control infrastructure. The second project location is at the Laguna treatment plant. The Laguna treatment plant annex building contains two gas-fired plant boilers previously installed in the 90s. The boilers serve as a secondary heat source for the plant's anaerobic digesters. When demands are high or the combined heat and power engines are not running. The boilers have reached the end of their service life. One boiler is emissions non-compliant and not running. The other has been plagued by operational issues throughout use. The project will provide standby power and controls to operate the Delta Pond pump station during power outages and replace two outdated boilers at the Laguna treatment plant along with any necessary controls and piping infrastructure. Pursuant to the project goals, we engaged in solicitation procedures to acquire a consultant for engineering design services. Our request for proposals was prepared and posted to Planet Bids October 23rd, 2023 for approximately 21 working days. The posting was visible to the general public with no restrictions, 556 vendors were notified. One proposal was received from Integrated Project Solutions or IPS from Walnut Creek on November 20th, 2023. The proposal was evaluated by a review panel of myself, my supervisor and Equality Control Associate. We followed solicitation and evaluation procedures consistent with council policy 600-01. The proposal was evaluated for consistency with the request for proposals and design terms framework, all of which are standardized templates. Three of the four references were checked with a consistent questionnaire and logged. The proposal was discussed amongst the review panel with a consensus to move forward due to the quality of the proposal, experience, reference feedback and competitive billable rates. It is recommended by our office that the Board of Public Utilities by motion approve a professional services agreement with Integrated Project Solutions of Walnut Creek to provide a professional engineering design services for the Delta Pond Standby Generator and Laguna Treatment Plant, Annex Boiler Replacements Project in an amount not to exceed $392,282. Questions? Thank you, Mr. Bollin-Hasey. The only question I think I have is did we have any kind of in-house engineer's estimate of what we thought the project would maybe come in at as far as getting multiple proposals? Yes, so the project is extremely specialized and the equipment itself is fairly easy to come up with an estimate just on the equipment alone, but because a lot of it is jumping into unknown electrical and exhaust plumbing and then as well as the liquid plumbing for the boilers, there's a lot of unknowns associated with it. So we did not have a straightforward engineer's estimate from our asset management team. So what we ended up doing to review competitiveness in terms of pricing was looking at other projects of similar manpower scope with a comparison of total cost as well as hourly rates. The hourly rates were exceptionally competitive and the pricing itself was also exceptionally competitive, if not in the median range. Chris, any questions? No, it's always interesting to see with the unique aspects of our system how we navigate some of these little but very important issues, I just had a strange question. Who's Eastman or who's authority is the road in, because you were mentioning the difficulty of the accident, it's always flooding that road off of Williside to Delta Pond, is that our road or do we have an Eastman? From my, from resources that we have on hand says it's a water agency access road. Sonoma water, that's okay. Want to make a motion? Yeah, I'd move to approve the recommendation. I'll second that. We'll now open up for public comment on item 3.1. If you wish to make a comment, please move to the microphone. See none, we'll have a roll call vote, please. Board member Grable. Aye. Board member Baden-Fort is absent and chair Galvin. Aye. Okay, and that passes with board member Baden-Fort absent. Very good, thanks for the presentation. Good luck with the project. Thank you. And that's the extent of our agenda for today, so we're adjourned.


Can I finally get some ghosts falling out of the sky Falling in


So, we talked the last section about what a unit was, basically, hopefully, that made some sense. At this point we're going to talk about different units of measurement, one of the units that we talked about, and the previous section was the inch, but there are many other units. So, basically two things that we're going to cover now. What are units, some examples of them, and why do we need them? So, we kind of covered why we needed them in the previous section, but maybe a little bit more information forthcoming. So, this is a picture of, I don't know, some college campus that I think I took from an old version of your book, and basically they show these two people walking to probably chemistry class. They look very excited. This guy's got a skateboard, so apparently he's going to try to get away. Let's see.  It's 8.30, so that's a number, but with just the number there's not enough context, so you need a unit, in this case, AM or PM, so again, number, unit associated with it. And apparently it is pointing to this tree, or a pole, so the pole is very good at telling time, I guess. It is 22 degrees Celsius out, so that's measuring the temperature, so 22 is the number, 22 degrees Celsius is the unit. You can also say the same thing, 22 degrees Celsius is another way of saying that, is 72 degrees Fahrenheit, so a different unit for measuring temperature, and because it's a different unit you're going to get a different number. This student here on the left is carrying around 26 pounds worth of textbooks, which is probably about $3 million worth, the way that you're charged for them these days. I'm more concerned that he's carrying around 26 pounds worth of books, he should probably think about investing in electronic copies. But anyway, the punchline here is that any time you make a measurement and get a number out you're going to need some type of unit, centimeter, kilogram, pound, degree Fahrenheit, you're going to need some kind of unit to allow other people to understand what your numerical measurement actually means. So we're talking about units, and I showed you a bunch of different measurements on the previous slide with different units, but there are times when many units are sort of used as a collection, like think of units as falling into different categories, so there are certain, there's a certain collection of units that are all grouped together and are used a lot by scientists. That collection of units is called the metric system and we're going to talk in detail about that over the next few slides. It is probably the most common collection of units, or if you want to call it the stuffier term, system of units that scientists and a lot of people in the world use for measuring things. We're not going to cover all of the units in the metric system, but we're going to cover some of them. There's another system or collection of units that's related to the metric system, and I am not even going to try to pronounce this. It's French, and I don't speak French, but I can figure out that it stands for the international system of units. And thankfully, you don't have to memorize that. You probably don't even have to memorize this, but it is abbreviated the SI system. So it's related, some of the units that are in this collection overlap with the collection of units in the metric system. There's a little bit of a difference, but they are many of the units in the metric system and in the SI system are used by scientists. So we're going to talk a little bit about those units. OK, here is a collection of some of the units used in the metric system, all of these here. And then this is a collection or a list of some of the units used in the SI system.  First of all, you can measure the length of things, right? The length of things is basically the distance between two points, let's say. You can measure how tall you are. That's basically the distance from the top of your head to the bottom of your feet. The metric system has a special unit for measuring length. It's called the meter. You're going to have to know that. The abbreviation for the meter is a lowercase letter M. You're also going to have to know that. Nicely enough, the SI system also uses the meter. Mostly, I'm not going to care that you know the units in the SI system, except for one. And we'll get to that in a minute. Volume is another thing that can be measured by people. Volume, my informal definition of volume is how much space something takes up in three dimensions. We'll talk about that in a minute as well. But again, how much space something takes up in 3D. The metric system uses a unit called the leader to measure how much space things take up in 3D. The abbreviation for leader is sometimes it's a capital L. Sometimes it's actually also a lowercase L. So that is a horrible looking lowercase L, but there you have it. And you should know that the metric system typically uses the leader for measuring volume and the abbreviation for leader is an L. Mass is very difficult to define. We are going to cut a huge corner and basically say that mass is the same thing as weight. Now, if you talk to someone who is very stuffy and is very into science, they are going to tell you that mass is not the same thing as weight. And they are correct. However, unless we start doing measurements on the moon or in weirder places, it's not really going to make that much of a difference to us. So as far as I am concerned, in this course, mass is the same thing as weight. I just want you to realize that we are cutting a corner there. Mass, a more informal definition of mass or another informal definition of mass, is the amount of stuff that you have. But if you go to Wikipedia or something like that and look up mass and the definition of mass, your brain is probably going to explode because there are very technical definitions there on Wikipedia and you don't really need to know them for this course. However, the metric system, what you do need to know is what the unit is for measuring mass in the metric system. And that is something called a gram. And the abbreviation for gram is lowercase letter g. So hopefully it's easy to memorize the abbreviations at least. Let's see. So you don't need to know the SI system. Use this cubic meter or kilogram. You can sort of flush those from your mind. Temperature, we're all pretty familiar with temperature. How hot or cold something is. The metric system has its own fancy unit called the degree Celsius. And that is usually abbreviated with a little degree symbol. That's that little circle that's sort of lifted up high. And then a capital C. That is the metric unit for measuring temperature. Degree Celsius, you should know that as well. Here's the only SI unit that I really want you to know. That's a little bit different. The SI system uses something called Kelvin. That's the SI system's unit for measuring temperature. And it is abbreviated with a capital K. And I don't really care that you know this or not, but just to point it out, just to be a little bit fancy, the degree Celsius actually has a little degree symbol there. Kelvin, the abbreviation does not have a degree symbol. So for what it's worth, it doesn't. And then time, the metric system, and pretty much every system that I can think of. I'm sure there are others that don't use this unit. But the standard unit for measuring time is the second and the abbreviation for the second is the lowercase letter S. Same thing for the SI system, but you don't really need to know the SI system except for temperature where Kelvin is used.


Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. My name is Orin Koibofumbo and I am the president of the Congolese community of men and We are here to March for the killings that are happening in Congo We are here to break the silence our brothers and sisters are dying there And this is why we are here. I'm gonna pass the mic to all of our members So they can tell you how much we are crying why the international opinion is staying in silence We are tired enough is enough people are being killed as chickens as Goats and it must stop. This is why we are here today This is why we are marching you going to hear from our fellow members Why these things are happening and there is a silence? Thank you. So I do have here the Henry which is a Public relations is going to say a word about the March of today Henry. What are you thinking about it? My friend? Thank you for asking me that question. I think we're all here It's because of what is happening in our country as you can see on those pictures right there People are dying our family that being killed and then the rest of the world are not even saying a word about it We've seen what is happening in other countries and they always focus on so where are all those international? Channel TV CNN folks all those news station. They're not even talking about it This is the serious issue. They're gonna wait until the whole country is gone And then they're gonna regret about it. This is the time to stop this killing. That's all I have It's so sad that the rest of the world are not even thinking about Africa It looks like the whole they only care about some mineral what is getting from our country Congo We want them to do something about our country We want them to do whatever they can do to stop to prevent something like this to continue That's all I have to say. Thank you. Thank you. We do have pasta bean who is among us He decided not to stay at home, but he's here with us and pasta bean. I know you do have something to say about That day that we are gathering today We are here because we are wounded Our fellow citizen are being destroyed killed like animals Life is a gift from God Nobody has a right to take a life from somebody We are talking to you brothers You we can stand as a citizen of this world to plead for this case How young Peeky that killed how ladies are wrapped houses are being burned school destroyed hospitals and Medical personnel are being destroyed killed and burned who's gonna speak for us I ask you my brothers and sister to join us and stand and let this What is going on in our country to stop God bless you as we we ask this Please help us to stop what is going on right now Absolutely, it must stop. It must stop and my brother. I know that you are angry For what's happening there? I know I'm going to let you speak Hi, so my name is Danny and I'm from Congo and I decided today today together with my brothers and sisters to stand up and Rise a voice about what's going on in our country Because what's happening there is just like a genocide and I know that the United States is Against such thing happening in the world and this is the opportunity we're giving to you people so that you can join us and Say a word about what's going on. We want this massacre to stop Eastern part of the Congo is the part of the world.  We cannot let these people Continue to kill and and and and and do whatever they want with our fellow citizen That's why we decided today to join our forces and and rise a voice to say that this massacre should stop. Thank you Thank you. Thank you This is you can see what's happening there and this is not good at all So I'm going to ask a question in French and then I'm going to translate in English Bandico situation is also matters. That was a say to tell me how I Yes, it's a pass. Why why people must die like that? Why? There is a silence Are we chickens? Are we goats?  I'm going to pass the word to someone here And someone will say to me my brother say something My name is Bartel Emile Boulas. I come from Congo. I am originally from Congo So his name is Bartel Emile Boulas. He's from Congo originally from Congo Yeah, I wanted to talk about About the country of Congo is our country about what is happening in Congo In any case, we are very affected with what we have lived like we kill the children The people like animals. In any case, we want to ask the law of man We see as if the law of man does not exist in the world The countries are trying to please the years of the years but now there are so many millions who are trying to die every day every day But we do not see the law of man. Where is the law of man? We are in the United States There is the law of man. We want the problem here is that the law of man The law of man who can look at these problems. If they do not look at it, we do not know how we can deal with the situation We ask, we cry every day. It's not because we are in the United States that we are calm, we are in peace Like we go to our brothers, they are massacred, they are murdered in our country In any case, we cannot be at ease in these countries, even though we are in the States, we are not at peace We want the United States to look at the situation here that is happening in our country We cry every day, every night. In any case, it is the millions of millions who are trying to die in Congo In any case, the United States can look at the situation here I would like to thank you that everyone can take the responsibility of these situations at the world level We say people, we are crying there in Congo. Children have been killed United Nations, they came. Where are you? We need you there. Do something We are tired of those killings. And even though we know that the brother is saying that we have the human rights here in America Please do something. Go and investigate.  We cannot continue like that. We are here in America, but our brothers and sisters, our families, they are there They are dying just like that. And we are feeling the pain. We are mourning. We need something to happen I'm going to ask another fellow who has something to say One second, the ladies Good evening. My name is Patricia Katunda. I am the charge of women, family and women So this is my mom Patricia Katunda, she is in charge of the ladies and families in the community I am especially interested in the United Nations I don't know if the rights of men exist for the Congolese If the United Nations sees what is happening in our country There are a lot of people who die every day, children who know nothing, who know absolutely nothing They are victims, they are massacred, they rape the mother, they torture, they kill every day here Is the United Nations not aware of what is happening in our country? What justice is done? Give us our beautiful country I don't know what I can say, but do something about the future of our country Who is in danger We are going to exterminate all the population If you please, if you please help us We cry every day We are not calm because the family is staying there You can wake up and say we have massacred your family, your father, your mother, your brothers and sisters You are left alone If you please, Nation Zinni, enough is enough, stop, please help us Yes, enough is enough as you can hear Our mothers, our sisters are being raped What's happening there? United Nations, please go there And bring some peace there, bring peace in our beautiful country We need you to do something, I know the brother will say a word I'm going to just say the little one has something as well to do Obama, help us, we have a problem in our country Help us It's asking the President Obama to help us, we do have a situation of trouble in our country Say please Obama, help us, can you please repeat again Obama, help us, we have a problem in our country, help us save our country Obama, help us, we do have a problem in our country, help us save our country, please Another one And this is David Musingela I'm going to speak a little bit about what is happening in our country So you have to look at it Not only follow the interests, but also follow the humanism That is to say, to have the essence of humanity Not only the Congolese, but all the Africans who are trying to die here We are here and we are ready to contest all those who are trying to get out of there It's really inhumane, inhumane We beg you to have the sense of the man Because we believe that there is a right of the man, the UN exists And that the UN can eventually look at what is happening in the Congo So we as the Congolese, unlike the Democratic Republic of the Congo There are tuaries, there are already participants, we are the tuaries So you have to do investigations to know and to stop to stop what is happening there That is the reason for our declaration So we insist on what you can look at Yes, to summarize, human rights Human rights, we need to do something about it Because people are dying there We are tired to see, to hear that we are dying there So otherwise, the board of directors, the coordinator will say something too You have seen the images, the tragedy, the genocide Above us, but your silence is guilty Your silence is suspect You saw the pictures, you heard on the news They're killing people But your silence is guilty And are the silences guilty? That means you are guilty, you're saying nothing, your silence is guilty Yes, I'm a Congolese man I just want to call your attention to what you are seeing here What you are seeing here, it's not something that we want No, we could have time to do other things that we could do But we came here to manifest, to show our disagreement with what is going on in our country Democratic Republic of Congo is a biggest country in Africa It's in the center of Africa When there is peace in DRC, there will be peace everywhere in Africa So we are calling your attention to tell you that we need peace in our country If you are friends of peace, just help us to get peace in our country We are tired, we are fed up We don't have time to run again, to talk again about what is going on in our country We are ready, we are doing, we are showing up all these actions to tell you that we are fed up And who wants to help us can come along with us And the one that can step aside will understand that is guilty And is taking part of what is going on in our country We call your attention, so we would like you to come with us So that all of us, we can get the price of peace that Congolese people want Thank you My name is Stephanie Trice-Gill, I'm here as a representative of the Board of Directors of the Main Association for New Americans, MANA And also as a citizen of the world, standing in solidarity with the people of the Congo and the victims of Ben-Ni It is a shame to have the international community be so quiet when protests are raised for other countries, European countries Let's also raise them for the deaths of African citizens and for the citizens of the RDC, DRC And this is an atrocity, when we stand up against atrocities we have to stand up against all atrocities equally And this is an atrocity where the international community has been silent We need to raise our voices in protest when one community is massacred, when one community is attacked, we are all attacked Human rights are at risk, we need to stand together in solidarity with the victims and the families of Ben-Ni Thank you, we are going to finish this side, thank you We are here for the peace, some have abandoned everything to come here And some are citizens, it's for the peace, it's not for the car, it's not for the houses, it's not for the food And in the end, it stops And why do we need to use one individual or some individuals to kill the compatriots? No, I think it's too much and you have to have only the images and the images speak I think it's too much So many are leaving the country and coming here, they're even becoming citizens It's not for getting cars or houses or jobs, it's because of the troubles that are happening there Some are being used to kill others, it must stop We thank you, we are going to start our march right now And please, if you know you need our minerals, don't kill people Do not kill, we thank you and we are going to meet again And we also know about other things, but we thank you We are kicking off our march right now, thank you very much Listen now, we have to stop killing Hongolies, we are not animals Tabilla Assasin Tabilla Cribs Assasin Tabilla


Okay, we'll look at creating folders and sharing folders next. So this is functionality again for team coaches, for club coaches. It's a really good way to start sharing homework with your teams, homework with your players, start sharing ideas with other coaches, and it's also a nice way to organize information that you feel passionate about as a coach. So we've got loads of content on the site now, loads of really great articles, loads of great sessions and drills obviously, but every coach has different things appeal to different people, and folders is a really good way of organizing the content. So again, on the left-hand side navigation, we'll scroll down, we've got the tab for folders here. So there's a couple of ways of creating folders. First one is to click on the Folders tab, and then we've got a button on the top right here called New Folder. So I can go in and I can create a new folder here, hit Save at the bottom here, create new folder, and then that appears in my folders here. Now it's default shared, we can change the privacy of the folder depending on how we have this icon, this slider, we just click on that to change it. Now as you can see here, the folder currently has no content inside it, so it'll pop me over to the training ground, and then I can click on a piece of content that I might want to stick in a folder, and this will show us the second way to add a folder. So on the left-hand navigation of our content pages, there is this Add to Folder button. Now I can select a folder which I've already created here, and it gives me a couple of steps just to confirm that that's what I want to put in it. So I stick, click Add to Folder, and the Punch Football article will go into my folder. Now if I'm browsing content and I decide actually that this stuff that I'm reading about Punch Football or about Rondos or about Defending would be really great if I could stick this all into a folder, then we have another option here where we click Add to Folder, and then we've got this positive sign here. I can call this one, let's call it Defending, I think I know it's not relevant to the article, let's call it Passing. So I then click Create New Folder, that folder is created, and then I need to select that folder, and then I add that piece of content to that folder. Okay, so I can keep browsing through the training ground through all of the content, and I can do a search for maybe for Passing, and then I can find loads of articles and drills on Passing, and then I can add those into my folders just through the search function, and then when I go back to my locker, and I go into my folders, again I can see the folders that I've got, and I can see that now they've got content in them. So to browse my folders, I've got five different folders here, I just click on each folder, and I can just quickly browse the content that's inside that folder. So if I just want to give myself a quick memory check on what's inside those folders, they're really easy to browse. So then the next thing to do with folders is to share them with your teams, with your coaches, if you're a club coach, so that you can start to share the information that you think is relevant to your club philosophy, or to your playing philosophy. When I open this folder and click edit or share, I've got loads of options to share the content. So this might be some under eight content I want to share with all my under eight teams as a club coach. It can equally be content that I just want to share with one team. So I just make the selections there. I've got to make sure that it's on shared status, so that it allows me to share it, click update, and then that folder, if I go back into my edit panel for that folder, edit and share, you can see that that's now set to share with all of those teams. So when these team users log in, and they go to their own folders, they'll find inside those folders that there is content. It's worth, so when they look in here, they can look at their shared folders, the folders that are shared with them, all folders, all the personal folders, but all of your players, all of your coaches, when they look at folders shared with them, they'll be able to see that the folders that you decided to pop into their account. It's worth saying as well as part of the navigation in here, because it doesn't actually load a new page. When you're going back from folders, you have to click the back icon. If you try and scroll back in the website, then it will take you back to the locker page, because that's actually the page that's loaded before it. In the folders page, when I go to activate some of these folders, I need to click the back icon. Okay, so that's a quick overview of how to create and share folders. We'll have a quick look at the some of the social functionality in the platform in the next video. Thanks for listening.


Metabolic alterations including increased glycolysis are common feature of many cancers. In their recent study, Lowengrab, Waterman, and colleagues, Liator, report a spatial pattern of glycolysis in solid tumors that occurs within the tumor microenvironment. This spatial organization is linked to gradients derived from WNT signaling and nutrient availability that mediate a reaction diffusion mechanism, and is consistent with a Turing-type model of spatial localization. This article was authored by Ziwei Dai and Jason W. Locosell.


What else can broccoli do? Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the United States, but lung is actually the number one cancer killer of women.  Well, broccoli seemed to be able to do everything else. What about suppressing the metastatic potential of human lung cancer cells? Check!  Within 24 hours, the cancer was creeping back, and by 30 hours closed the gap completely, until they started dripping some cruciferous compounds on them. As you can see, the cancer cells seemed almost paralyzed, kind of stuck in place. They don't seem to want to go anywhere anytime soon. In their conclusion, they talk about the anti-proliverative anti-tumor effects of these broccoli family dietary compounds, ending with a Latin phrase rarely seen in scholarly literature since it's just so nondescript. But in this case, they evidently felt it necessary.


Yes, let's go. So hello everyone. My name is Olivier Aubert. I'm happy to be there. Yeah, okay. Okay. It's fine. So I'm from France, from Nantes, and I'm research engineer and currently freelance consulting for research projects. And I'm going to talk to you today about the video software I developed, which is called Advine, which is a video notation software and how it's been used recently because it's a software which has some history already, but it still has some uses and actualities. So I will present two use cases, two usage of the application. So recent. So since it's a lightning talk, I would be quick on the project itself and then talk about the two examples, which are the Remind Method application, which is a museology investigation method, and the Ada project, which is a media studies project with the Berlin. So Advine, it's a project which started in 2002. So that's rather hold with Yannick Prié and Pierre-Antoine Champagne, University of Lyon. And we wanted to provide tooling for accompanying active reading of audiovisual documents. And so active reading is the possibility for a user to immerse himself in a document, to take notes and to structure, to have a scholarship workflow based on these annotations on the document, so to accompany reflections on the document. So the goal is to create, share analysis of audiovisual documents, as things that we call hyper videos, basically a mix of annotations and video. It's a free software. So the project itself gave birth to a concrete artifact, which is an application. The Advine application, which is a free software, GPL, cross-platform desktop application using Python, GTK and Gstreamer. It's been used in different contexts, but I will talk about just two today. Quickly, the interface is rather common. It's centered around a video, can I show that? Yes. There's a video player here, which is always there. And then around the video player, you have multiple places, which we call, I don't know the name, we use the, yeah. Okay, places for different views for interacting with the metadata. So you put metadata, for instance, here, I've got below the video, a view, which is a timeline view, which is rather common in audiovisual annotation domain or audiovisual manipulation. On the right, you've got the same data, which is presented in a different way. It's as a transcription with time codes presented as this kind of thumbnails on the video. And then on the right, you've got an output of the process. So this is the first two views are the kind of tools. There are multiple other views, but these two views are the kind of tools that you're using in your process, in your scholar process of exploring the content and constructing your analysis. And this on the right can be seen as the output of the process. So Advent tries to be a tool that you can use throughout the whole process from structuring and analyzing to producing outputs. Here and we'll see how it goes. So basically, the important notion to take from this figure is the black rectangle that surrounds the annotation structure, the annotations themselves, the annotation structure, which is user defined and the different views, templates and queries that are all put in the single package, which is the unit, the documentary unit that you can exchange. Independently from the video. So the video is on the side. It's metadata by the video. It we tackle different scientific changes in this. So knowledge engineering, document engineering, HCI, and also data visualization and the analysis of activity traces. So that's what's for the scientific part that we were interested as researchers. And then I'll go to the two use cases in digital humanities. So there are reasons the first one dates from four years ago, and the other one is from 2017. So remind method is a project done by Daniel Schmidt, which is no professor at University of Valenciennes. The goal was to study the museum visitors experience during a visit and through the methodology used video based auto confrontation. So the visitors were equipped during an exhibit with a camera on glasses to capture a subjective view of the of their visit of their experience. And after the visit, they were they were interviewed by a researcher based on the video of the visit. And then the video, this interview was captured. And this is the primary material. So the capture of the interview that was used in Advine to be analyzed by the researchers. They transcribed the interview using using Advine. They identified. So they had different categories in their methodology. So they could identify the different categories. And OK, and they used relations to express our courses of experience. So that's basically a group of categories that form a unit, a meaningful unit for the researchers for the methodology. So the underlying structure in Advine provided the support for this kind of for expressing this kind of information. And then they could generate visualization through templates. So these visualizations, they they used them for their analysis during their exploratory analysis. And then they could also put them on the on a website afterwards as a kind of publishing. So this is what it gives basically. So you've got on the on the on your left, on your left, you've got the application with the timeline, the transcription and so on. You see different lines here that correspond to the different categories of analysis. So the identified categories in the discourse in the interview. And then here you've got on the right what you can find one of the views that is produced by the tool directly through a template system. That is available on museum graph feed off of our website. So this was the first example. So I've got to be quick, but if you have questions, I'm here today and tomorrow. So the other example is the Ada project, which is carried out with in a collaboration with the Senate politics team in Friar University, Berlin. And the HP HPI in Potsdam. So Senate politics is doing media studies, so they're the final users. HPI is about they have an expertise, a good expertise in video analysis, so feature extraction and so on. And we brought our expertise in video annotation manipulation, interaction and so on. And so the goal of the project was to study the staging patterns in the audiovisual presentations of the financial crisis. So they wanted to know if there are patterns that always come again and again when this is presented in documentaries, in movie, in feature movies or in TV broadcasts. And for this, they wanted to apply quantitative methods. So annotate systematically, annotate movies and then dig into this data, this metadata they produced to to see first to see for the Senate for themselves. If there are things interesting to to dig in and then also to provide a ground truth, I think I said my next slide. Yes, to to build a ground truth for future automation of the of the system. So we need, yeah, we wanted to build some feature extraction specific for the for the task and we needed data for this. So I've been provided the bridge between these issues. So the idea was to optimize manual annotation process. So in order to to be able to to put students to work so that the teams of students annotated movies and to provide a bridge between the users manipulation of the data and its semantic representation. Because in the end, with the HPI team, they wanted to to have semantic. So we produced an ontology that was stored in a triple store and so on. So they wanted to have semantic data, but the users at the other end didn't want to deal with semantic data. They wanted to do their work keywords or whatever. So the tool here is what bridges the gap between both sides. And so the application is the same. Basically, we did some adaptations, but then optimizations and I don't have time for the process. So yeah, I'll just say that I've been was used to produce an ontology. So you can find the ontology that was produced through Advine through this kind of annotation structure definition that was carried out in Advine. And then used to build the first ontology bootstrap ontology that was after used for over multiple iterations to to refine the ontology. And since we now got multiple data, so the the the the current news for the project is that we are still working together. The the data project itself is not yet completely over and we're working on data visualization. So we now have tens of thousands of annotations on movies. And so this raises questions of how to visualize them for the for the for the scooters for the media studies course. So we're working on this. And oh, yeah, just one point. This is free software, which is developed for a long time. And the data project was the opportunity for me just the first point of the developments for that project to update code for adapting to new systems. So it was it's another application which was Python to GTK to and so on. I had to do the an update to the new versions of these libraries and I didn't have the time or opportunities. And this project was the opportunity. So do not hesitate to to fund projects that may not be fit for you just right now, but may fit the task, but need some developments and yes, contribute to the free software ecosystem by funding such projects that we can we can advance the free software development. And so that's it. So through these two examples, I try to show you that this is a flexible extensible usable tool for digital humanities. And I'm available also for development or consulting for this. Thank you. Yes, it's the same. Yeah, the question is, yes, whether it's comparable to and vivo. So and vivo is one of the property tools that are used in ethnography or ethnographic studies. This is comparable. It doesn't have the same features, obviously, because it's free software, but it's open. You can and basically fit the bill for many of the of the needs. So yes, definitely this is comparable to and vivo. Thank you.


Hey there friends. Thanks for checking in at the range now. We've got the ruger LC P2 and 22 long rifle They call this the light rack because it's So light the rack Let's see how it does There it is holds 10 rounds of 22 long rifle Which is nice. It's a it's a very lightweight small little handgun. It models almost Exact to the LC P2 and 380 that carries six rounds of 380 This has 10 rounds now the ammo that I'm using here is CCI mini mag 40 grain full metal jacket, but a little bit about this gun It does have a magazine disconnect it also has little extension there on the magazine itself Which makes it nice still? Primarily a two finger contact, but it has a two and Three-quarters inch barrel the trigger is It's a nice trigger five and a half pound trigger pull does have a trigger bar safety in there And it also has a thumb safety a push forward thumb safety. So once charged I could move that back And then I have to use my thumb to push forward Hammer-fired gun with sights built right in the top of the slide. Let's see how it does Try the rabbit here little 22 hang up there. Let me drop the mag Not that unusual kind of stuck There we go All right. It's a new gun. We'll give it another chance And there it is now that little hang up not exactly sure what happened, but that's Not too unusual for a 22. I had a federal Full metal jacket out a couple weeks ago and it had a couple light strikes This seems to be running much better with this CCI mini mag, but it's a soft shooting gun I mentioned that the specs were almost identical to the 380 and the one thing that is a little bit different is That it's 0.81 inches wide on The slide now the MSRP on this is the same as the 380 model 349 I'm seeing it for right around $300 However, if you look at what happened with the LCP 2 and 380 that price dropped quickly I have a feeling this will too, but it's a pretty comfortable shooter good for people with Maybe arthritis, maybe beginners or those who want to train with the larger 380 model can train with this and Have an easier time doing it, but there it is. I'm gonna load it up again and See how well this does so far. I'm really enjoying it Three mags one hang up. That's not too bad. It does have those forward cocking serrations and that spring is just so light It's just so easy to rack in that's why they're calling it the light rack. All right. Here. We are again We've got CCI mini mag And then we'll run some Federal match and see how well it does All right, so the gun ran better than my accuracy that time, but we'll see if we can do better this time federal Target match sort of the cheap stuff the 325 round white box of federal let's see how it does here real nice All right, you know a lot of these little guns It takes a little bit of time and a little bit of patience But this thing is running really well now here. We go 18 yards away. We'll try that gong very nice I think I had nine rounds loaded up that time. This is very much a lightweight gun Unloaded 11 ounces with 11 rounds just over 12 ounces here. We have the federal target match Let's see how it does Not bad. Not bad It's running well now Sometimes with these small guns, you just have to run some rounds through it. See it's very much a light rack. You can Charge it from just about anywhere another thing that is pretty cool is that it comes with a Pocket holster, which is how I brought it to the range. I ain't just sit in there Just like that it sits very well. It's very light and Very much a smooth shooter as well being that it's 22 and It runs Pretty nice today and figure which mag is loaded here Here we go one more time and there we go the Ruger LCP to 22 long rifle light rack performing well at the range out of all those mags I had one Light rim strike and that's it the CCI mini mag and the federal match worked great My first time out a while back just as a function test I had a couple issues, but they seem to have worked themselves out and now I feel pretty confident with this and I'm gonna show It some more in the future maybe do some comparisons if you like videos like this, please subscribe and share I always appreciate thumbs up button. Thanks for watching and you guys be safe


Any of the local urbanizers here, so we're going to start session now. It's already 10 minutes past so this is the session on coastal risk, thank you all for being here and The first talk is from Amy Slangen who's joining us online from the Netherlands so welcome Amy and You can take it from here. Thanks Yes, let me unmute. So do you hear and see everything? Okay? Yes, we can hear you Amy. Okay, great. And you see the right presentation? Yeah, I think so, right? Okay Yeah, so Thank you for having me speak at this at this workshop today and I will be the first of this block on on sea level related Risks and impacts and I will be introducing how we model the sea level Change projections in AR6 So I was part of the working group one chapter nine report where we focus on the observed and modeled changes in in sea level change Yeah, let me see. Okay. So You probably all have an idea of sea level change So there's a lot of processes that come together in something as simple as the level of Of the ocean basically So you can see in this figure There is the the ice sheets when they melt they contribute to sea level rise but also if needs of course is a very important Contributor because warming water expands so therefore the sea level rises But there's also groundwater extraction meltwater runoff mountain glaciers and of course all of that Leads to changes in how the sea level extremes Behave so the this these processes are melting melting melting ice warming ocean They influence how the mean sea level changes But that in turn affects how the extremes on a beach or on the coast will be felt When you get a surge or a high tide or such So you can imagine if you want to model this there's a lot of processes that you need to take into account and unfortunately We don't have one model that we can use to do this It would be great if we did but instead we have this spaghetti of different contributions different Models that we need to piece together in order to get to sea level projections So I'm not gonna go through all the details of this plot but basically in the In the yellow blocks you can see all the different contributors So this is vertical land movement from the top to the bottom vertical land movement terrestrial water storage ice sheet contribution glacier contribution thermal expansion and dynamic sea level and you need to Individually model each of these processes in order to get to the global mean sea level contribute Change projected into the future And to the relative sea level change and the relative sea level changes then how sea level changes Spatially because sea level doesn't just changed at the same rate everywhere. There's large regional variations So you really need to take into account how it varies from place to place So we used in the in the IPC report for the first time now we used emulators For for instance the ice sheet contribution and the glacier contributions And emulators are basically simple climate models So we have these huge climate we have these climate models, but they take a very long time to run So you can't run them for every possible scenario every possible Thing you can think of because it just takes months to run a climate model So what we do with these emulators is you have a set of climate model runs and you sort of compare or you use Methods linear statistical methods to link these complicated methods to a more simpler approach And then to to get a PDF to get a normal distribution of how this for instance in this case The ice sheets would contribute to sea level rise Now all of these different components To to to bring those together so to bring those yellow blocks together into the red block basically We developed a framework called facts the framework for analyzing changes to sea level And this is a framework where you have a module It's a modularized framework So for every contribution for instance for the ice sheet Antarctic ice sheet Greenland ice sheet thermal expansion You have a module and and you can also change those modules So if you have a new ice sheet model, you can use that you can replace the current module and and build a new module for it And this was set up mainly by Greg Garner and Bob Cop in the US And and it's also published. It's freely available on github. Everyone can download it It's still we're still working on making it more user friendly And and we also welcome Uses feedback from that as well And there's a paper currently in review for Q scientific model development presenting this facts framework as well But this is facts framework where we so we combine these modules And then to make the the sea level projections Another thing that we did in this ar6 report is that we made the sea level projections consistent with the assessed equilibrium climate sensitivity and surface temperature now what is equilibrium climate sensitivity That is when you double in a model you double the cu2 amount and you see how long it takes or when when the surface temperature Stabilizes again And and this is a measure that we use to to evaluate climate models as well um And and what we saw was that in the newer set of climate models the most recent set of climate models, so The c-map six climate models This equilibrium climate sensitivity range was larger than it was before in the c-map five climate models And also in what we knew to be the best Well, what was what was thought to be the best range the best estimate of this equilibrium climate sensitivity um, so the ar6 c-reports Assessed the equilibrium climate sensitivity came up with a range and what we did is we use these emulators to sort of trim the the The the distribution so that this equilibrium climate sensitivity is The most correct or closest to the assessed equilibrium climate sensitivity um Yeah, so this was used for the projections to the 2100 And then for the projections to 2300 we used a literature assessment So that was really looking into the literature and and seeing What are the different values that are around the different model estimates? And how do these compare to each other? Well for 2100 we we ran this fact framework To make new projections based So what do you need to make projections? Well, you need scenarios of how The climate might develop and how do we do that in in the physical climate world? We use Scenarios of carbon dioxide So in this graph on the left you can see in the for instance in the bottom line, which is the light blue line There's a scenario called ssp 119 um, which Has goes back really quickly to about zero Cu2 emissions by the year 2050 for us on the other end We have a dark red line which doubles the currency or two emissions by the year 2050 So by by making these scenarios you can make an envelope of of the different types of How how the climate might develop so we can ask the question if Everyone if if this Cu2 emissions would go down really quickly what would happen to the climate and what would happen to the sea level? So on the right you can see what this what the output then is from the climate models If you use this, um, this light blue You get to about one and a half degrees by the year 2100 if you use the dark red You would get closer towards the four and a half five degrees of warming by the year 2100 Now if the Paris agreement that's the closest to this lower light blue scenario So that's the one that we're aiming for as a world basically Um, of course the question is what does this mean for um for sea level? So here, um, I show what the sea level how how this global mean sea level looks for the different contributions So we have for instance, uh in this black line the thermal expansion in the light blue the glacier contribution The gray is the green and ice sheet contribution Her brown the Antarctic and then dark blue is the land water storage So you can see that each of these contributions has um has its own Um sea level contribution. Yeah, so there's difference and then of course we're going to add them together into global mean sea level projections total global mean Um, and those are the color lines you see in this graph So you can see for the Paris agreement scenario, you would end up just uh around well So this is with regards to the 1900 by the way, so it would be about half a meter compared to the 1900 um Or a higher scenario that is closer to a meter uh of sea level rise These are the so-called medium confidence scenarios and these medium confidence scenarios They they include the contributions that we're fairly sure of that We have a relatively good idea of what that they're gonna happen and how they will respond We can model them. We have faith in in how we model them. Um, so that's thermal expansion ocean dynamics greenland Antarctica um sort of the Surface mass balance processes on those glaciers Groundwater and dams and vertical land movement. Of course, there's still significant uncertainties with each of these So we still have medium confidence and not high confidence Um, but this is already so this is sort of the the average set of sea level projections And then we have this famous already famous dash line up here um Which is uh a low confidence scenario And what's what we did in this scenario? There's a couple of of um literature Some literature available that is pointing to much higher contributions from Mainly the Antarctic ice sheet. So um these projections they either modeled or they they were Asking experts about what they think that might happen to Antarctica and how fast it might happen um, so there's but they're like a couple of single Um publications about this Antarctic contribution um, and then if you would add those contributions So those greenland and Antarctic dynamic contributions to the to the medium confidence projections You get this really high line and this is so this is the 83rd uh The 83rd percentile. So it's really the upper range and it's used to inform Extremely risk averse policy makers and it's to say okay We we have more confidence in these in these medium confidence projections But we cannot rule out that a much much higher contribution From the ice sheets might occur and if it did it might end up giving values around up to this dashed line. So you you get really an extremely high um, um sea level Scenario, but need to keep in mind we have low confidence in this because there's not that much proof In the scientific literature yet. So there's not that much agreement in the scientific literature yet so I basically already said this so so we included destructed expert judgments. So that's basically asking experts And a model that is modeling mickey marine ice cliff instability And if you add those you get to this dashed line But yeah, keep in mind. This is deep uncertainty. We really don't know Very well, what will happen? How fast it will happen? And how to model it What you could do there's some Current situations that we could already look at And you could for instance the thwaites glacier and Antarctica is already Showing some signs that it might be Experiencing this mickey process this marine ice cliff instability And if that happens you might get a bit of a runaway effect or a very big runaway effect We're not sure And that might lead to these accelerated contributions from Greenland So if for instance in the next few decades, we can see this thwaites glacier Experiencing these runaway effects That might be an early warning for in the further future that this indeed we are moving towards this dash line rather than to the regular Medium confidence projections Yeah, I'm gonna sorry skip this for time. Okay, so How do we then get from these global to the regional projections? It's all done in the same in the same go, but it is it requires an extra step And that's mainly because of the self-gravitational effect um, so If you look at all Mars on earth, it attracts each other So if we have this giant amount of ice sitting on Antarctica, it's pulling on the ocean The ocean is also pulling on the ice, but that has a bit less of an effect obviously Because the ocean can move easier so Normally you would think okay. I'm gonna Melt some ice This will go into the ocean and the ocean will rise at the same rate everywhere But instead because you have less ice now sitting on Antarctica. It's pulling less hard on The sea on the ocean So because of this loss of gravitational attraction actually close to the ice sheet The sea level will fall whereas further away sea level will rise And of course, it's still this amount of water needs to be distributed around the ocean So the further away you get actually the more sea level rise you get So for instance for us in in um in europe for me in europe Antarctica is the one to watch because we are further away from Antarctica than we are from greenland But if you're living in uh in south africa actually closer to Antarctica So the one to watch dan is greenland because that's on the other side of the ocean So instead, um if greenland loses mass you will get an above average sea level rise in southern Africa Um, and here you can see the effect. Uh, this has on um The spatial distribution So here again in the top if you melt Miles in Antarctica, then you can see that towards the northern hemisphere The the sea level rises faster where and the opposite happens for greenland So if you melt miles on greenland actually towards the southern hemisphere this amount of sea level rise increases Now you can do this for all of the different contributions and he again see them for the two for two scenarios So the lower um ssp one one six one two six scenario and the upper five eight five scenario, I think And then comparing you can see very clearly this gravitational patterns in the glaciers in the ice sheets in greenland And in the land water storage Then for ocean dynamics and thermal expansion that is mainly derived from climate modeling And you can see a lot of variability. Um, this is also driven by wind It's driven by density variations of temperature salinity Um, so changes in the flow of the ocean will come across in this ocean dynamics component And then we have a vertical land motion component that is um Not a scenario dependent. So it's mainly dependent on The loss of ice masses after the last glacial maximum, but it can also be tectonics volcanic eruptions Um local subsidence due to groundwater extraction or oil extraction So vertical land motion is really a very complicated factor Because there's a large human component in it. So if a certain city is really Extracting more and more groundwater it might lead to that city actually sinking And therefore if your city sinks it means you will experience more sea level rise If you add this all together Here, I show the uh on the left the paris agreement scenario on the right is more the scenario that we're currently Heading for if you think about three three and a half degrees of warming And and from this uh, so this adds up all the different patterns So you can see close to the ice sheets that there's a sea level fall But you can also see the large spatial differences coming from this Ocean dynamics component. So it's important to realize that everywhere around the coast like at every coastal point basically you will Experience a sea level rise that is not the same as the global mean But approximately two-thirds of the global coastline does have a value that is within about 20 percent of the global mean So the global mean is a nice good first aim direction If you will but it's important to go and dig into what is causing the sea level rise at every location To figure out what might happen to sea level rise at your particular coast um Now if we go towards the longer term because so far I've mainly talked about until the year 2100 We know that sea level rise will continue for some quite some time to come. Um, and that's because The ice sheets are currently still not in equilibrium with the current climate So they they don't even know that the sea that the temperature has risen that much already The deep ocean doesn't even know. So that's still coming But there's also something we can do so by Reducing the greenhouse gas emissions as fast as we can we can reduce the speed of this sea level rise Um Also in the on the longer term And that's really important So because the speed of sea level rise will also determine how fast how much time you have to adapt to a rising sea level So if you really look into this far right plot We see that under a low emission scenario the ranges are enormous The uncertainty is enormous. Of course, if you go towards these longer time scales Um, both because of the modeling but also mainly because we don't really know what people are going to do So that makes um the year 2300 a quite difficult projection horizon But if you look at the lower emission scenario you could see somewhere between half and three meter of sea level rise Whereas for a very high emissions scenario It could be two to seven or much more if these accelerations processes on Antarctica really start kicking in So the question really is not if we will reach say half or one or one and a half or maybe even two meters of sea level rise But the question is when And you can uh look at it therefore from a different sort of you can flip the framework And look at when will we see half a meter of sea level rise? When will we see one meter of sea level rise? And then if you look at this plot on the right you can see that for a very low emission scenario The first opportunity to see this half meter is already before the year 2100 Um, and and for the highest scenarios, it's it's moving There's there's more and more probability that we will see this half meter before the year 2100 Um, and if you go and look at the top then this two meter might first occur around the year 2100 But it could also be quite a lot later But in in most of these scenarios actually before the year 2300 we would have Cross this two meter threshold um So yeah, this is really important if you're looking at at how to adapt to sea level rise How to protect a coastline The faster this sea level rises The less time you have to plan to think ahead to to to build something or to come up with plans to to adapt to this sea level rise Now what we did in this ipc report is There's a lot more focus on regional information. Um, so we have these regional fact sheets We have the interactive atlas and for sea level specifically we built this sea level tool together with the nasa Which is showing the ipc sea sea level projections um, what you can do is um, you can enter this uh, this tool everyone should be able to enter using this address on the top um, and then You can select which process you want to show. Do you want to see total sea level? What decade do you want to see it for and what scenario and then click on update the map? Um, I don't know if I can what and then you see these blue dots all over those are tight gauge measurements. Um And you can see traditionally there's there's a higher concentration of tight gauge measurements in the in the northern hemisphere Um, and a lower in the southern hemisphere generally Um, but actually that doesn't matter much for the sea level projections because you can click on any point Oops, um on any point in this map and get a sea level projection for that point So you're not dependent on on the on the past observations basically You can click on any, uh, desired point across your coastline and see it will then give you line graphs for the sea level the mean sea level projections along your coast So to wrap up, I think I've almost talked for about 20 minutes. Um, so we know that sea level is Going to continue to rise throughout the 21st century and beyond Um, but but the rate of this rise is really strongly determined by how much greenhouse gases we emit as a world So, um, we will get sea level rise, but how fast and how long it will continue Um really depends for a lot on on Um on the policies that are made Um, but it's good to keep in mind that even on the strong emission reductions The sea level rise will continue and it could still amount to about one to three meters by the year 2300 And with that, I think I'll take any short questions, but I'll leave it up to rush to organize Further from there. Thank you. Thank you, Amy. Um, do we ask some questions now or we'll later, Erica Maybe one burning question Anybody who has a burning question to ask


Without further ado, I'm gonna let that introduce himself, but thanks guys for attending. I know it's Sunday morning. Hopefully you're not super hungover All yours really Good morning This is the presentation and jumping the epidermal barrier. My name is Vlad Gostinowski I've been doing penetration testing right team stuff breaking embedded systems of medical devices professionally for about 18 years To do research for this talk I worked with Dr. Stan Nigin Unfortunately, he couldn't be here today because he had issues with his flight something about delays at the airport and somebody taking a flight for a joyride and I Quick disclaimer The opinions are my own not of my employer There are FDA regulations about devices the device we're gonna be talking about does require a prescription You're not supposed to just go on eBay and buy one. You're not supposed to just order one from Europe and have it shipped to your house. So definitely don't do that I'm not picking any one particular vendor the device I'm presenting on about today is actually one of the slightly more secure ones that we found we found devices that were far worse and until somebody actually fixes them we're not going to release the findings publicly because It's only fun to kill people when it's in a fantastic report non real life The vice you're playing with is a If we style eBay device, it's a continuous glucose monitor Now so for those who don't know let's quickly go over what it is and what it does So as I mentioned, it is a control device. You can't just walk into a CVS and pick one up unless you have a prescription The reason people use them is because it doesn't require continuous fingerprint Fingerpricks it's a device that is continuous attached to your skin According to the FDA filings and the FCC filings and the sensors supposed to work for 14 days For some reason the sensors I've been given only work for 7 to 10 days The way that the sensor communicates with the reader is using RFID protocol It's a passive sensor in 13.5 6 megahertz range It's supposed to be readable to 3 meters from what I've been able to see it's actually more like maybe 1 meter It's a fully passive device meaning unless you have The reader near the sensor the sensor will not broadcast information. You essentially have to ping the sensor It's not like your easy pass which is an active a transmitter It's more like the tags they see in the store or the kind of tags that your employer typically gives you to badge into a building Which are more most typically passive sensors This is roughly how the ecosystem supposed to work There's three typical use cases The one that really got me interested in doing this research is the continuous glucose monitor attached to your skin paired with a pump that actually Injects insulin as needed based on the way that you and your doctor configured it The second use case is just using the reader and being able to use the reader To inject insulin to yourself or to take other action based on the numbers And the third one is if you have a cell phone that actually can do RFID reads is you can actually hold up your cell phone up to the reader Get the reading and they can then push the information to your watch or push the apple health or whatever other Management software you use for your readings As I mentioned when we selected this device for doing the presentation It's one of the less horrible ones that we've seen The way the ecosystem works is that this reader actually activates the sensor You're not continuously broadcasting unlike some of the other sensors you've seen in the market If you were to take a sensor and come up to me your reader would not be able to read my sensor because it hasn't been paired That's completely artificial. I use an RFID protocol so you can actually Do a wide band scan and read any kind of RFID device So the logic in the set in this reader is what prevents it from reading somebody else's sensor Once you activate the reader that's attached to you You can actually configure it to be readable by any reader or by the phone But when you first place a sensor in your skin, it is in a non-active state and it cannot be read by By a phone it has to be activated by one reader and by default. That's the reader that's fair to it So after that this reader would only be looking for that particular card ID Some of the things we didn't like about this is that the sensors are officially time-banged As I mentioned I was getting about 10 days worth of readings from my sensor Upon opening up the sensor and examining the battery The battery still had sufficient charge in it to operate quite a bit longer You're speculating that this may have something to do with the sensor calibration or sensor corrosion Since there is a needle that pierces your skin. The needle is actually slightly longer than I was expecting when I go into this research not the other needles The battery life as I mentioned is pretty impressive, but it's our official time-banged either to make you buy a new sensor By the way, each of these sensors that lasts Only 10 days is 100 bucks And it's set up to require authorization I mean keeping minus it authorization not authentication so It's actually quite easy to bypass and spoof So this is what the two major components look like This is the reader and this is what a packaged up sterile sensor is before we apply it I'm hoping not to fly with it with the TSA trying to pull it off because Sometimes they're not too familiar with this hardware So as I mentioned, there's no actual authentication When this reader is placed on your skin, it will accept activation from any reader The reader it looks for a particular Serial range of sensors so if you have an American reader and you buy a sensor from Europe. I actually will not activate They're trying to force you to pay US prices for these for these sensors which is those pretty interesting Looking at this device, you'll notice that there is a USB port This the device does support USB mass storage, but it's not activated by default You actually have to mess with the firmware to activate mass storage And then you can pull off of an entire CSV file of your readings from this device You can also push firmware updates over USB. I have not been able to get my hands on an official firmware I've seen some on the forums, but they were not for us readers So if anybody does have a copy, I would love to get my hands on it The device is also running USB debug interface, so it's easy to follow and make the device crash It's also possible to introduce false readings into the device Which gets us into data integrity If you were to use a radio standard RFID reader you could read a tag modify the data and Change the glucose reading and change the timestamp. You can write it back to the reader There's no integrity check It's also highly susceptible to replay attacks. For example, I can take a reading So since this device doesn't keep a timestamp I can keep playing back the same reading and the device will happily log it Which is pretty bad if you're relying on it for making medical decisions or treatment decisions What we found is a lot of times the patients will actually call their doctor to discuss the readings before taking action If they're out of norm so the doctors also rely on this data don't make somebody come into the hospital the From speaking to doctors some as they'll make a patient actually do a fingerprint finger prick reading As opposed to just relying on a CGM There's an add-on product that works with the sensor It provides a Bluetooth bridge Which means that even if your phone doesn't have an RFID interface You essentially wear a band over your sensor and it'll continuously transmit your CGM data There's some really fun Bluetooth attacks Which means you can actually force a legitimate cell phone to unpair from the Bluetooth bridge and you can then pair with that sensor Since it's not made by the same manufacturer as this glucose monitor. We didn't focus on it too much But you can read up on it and so the Bluetooth bridge is actually not a prescription device You could buy it and play with it Because the FDA regulate device is the sensor in the reader and not the Bluetooth bridge There's also a long-range RF bridge This is most designed for institutional situations where somebody may be in the hospital And they're trying to collect large amounts of data all at the same time We were able to find one in eBay that was decommissioned by hospital And if you were playing with it using a hack or F we end up writing a small little program for the port-a-pack So you could actually just walk around with the hack or f in the add-on And continuously pull the data from people around you wearing the CGMs So this is what the device actually looks like cracked open This is the part that goes up against the skin and the needle module is right there It's been removed, but there's a very long needle that would come out here and And a little metallic seal. There's the battery pack and the sensor The wire trace they see going around the perimeter is the actual RFID antenna This is what it looks like as I mentioned the needles a little longer than I was expecting before opening up for the first time this is the clear The clear cover and this is the part that we'll be facing outside when the sensor is deployed Quickly before we go any further You'll notice the tamper detection tamper protection on this device Namely there is none Essentially if you get your hands in the center you could open it up you could modify it you could reseal it There's no way to know the center has been tampered with The packaging in itself is simply a sterile packaging doesn't really have any tamper detection tamper protection systems Fairly trivial to get this open modified and reseal it so you have no idea that was opened This is a shot of the actual reader opened up Again, no protective seals on the outside Sorry, no tamper evidence use the outside no tamper detection no tamper protection inside after devices cracked open You can easily modify it Reclose it and it'll continue to operate without any issues so after realizing that has absolutely No protection for reads. That's a completely passive device. I had a really cool idea What how much data could I harvest about people around me who actually do our cgms Since it's using a simple RFID 13.56 megahertz So it's thinking how cool would be to actually build some kind of a doorway sensor something that you could place it kill zone So as people walk through you could force a reading from their sensors Obviously, there's number of solutions for them. This particular solution is actually at a school for attendance So somebody could read student IDs. I was hoping to get something a little bit less intrusive looking something that would We've been essentially almost invisible and not make people ask questions You'll notice there's two readers in the doorway. That's kind of my level is going for The mock-up was a little rough, but I think I still nailed it so cheap Chinese RFID car reader a nice large antenna raspberry pi battery pack And the seven inch LCD for the Raspberry Pi Privacy risks as I mentioned it's a passive sensor and no authentication simple authorization is essentially based on good faith so you could read it with any commercial reader So if you weren't essentially getting into medical privacy risks Somebody could walk around and continuously pull the reader and gather the same medical data that is only really meant for you and your doctor So you're getting into hippo violation issues data integrity Fairly trivial to read the data and if you have a device that's transmitting it more power then you're now broadcasting the new The new glucose readings Fairly trivial to get more power so This sensor when activated By this device I uses point three watts Which is pretty much nothing. It's very feasible to get your hands on the transmitters They will push out one or two watts and thirteen point five six megahertz The best reader that found to actually emulated is this one you have an entry price of under fifty dollars to play with this There are cheaper readers this is in the twelve dollar range, but the range is very limited You're getting three to six centimeters range, which basically means you're essentially at contact distance We did disclose some of the findings if you're working with a meat actress who actually fared worse than this device first Simply because of how easy was to mess with our data any questions. Yes So the question was if I had any trouble working with the equipment or debugging It was actually fairly straightforward because it's a consumer medical device. It's meant to be used by kids It's meant to be used by people with no IT experience or medical experience The hardest part was actually getting the sensor on to you and getting it to stick The actual RF part that was very straightforward Because I mentioned it's just RF for RF ID protocol thirteen point five six megahertz. There's already tons of tools To work with it to parse up the data and to transmit Yes So my thoughts on is I'm not using the RF ID protocol They use the primarily for power consumption is because they're using a passive protocol the reader pulls it And provides the actual power There are ways to do it more securely but it would make The center a lot bulkier than it currently is and heavier So they could license a different frequency for example And not use thirteen point five six megahertz that would force an attacker to a retool use different antennas Perhaps change the code a little bit, but it wouldn't Wouldn't be possible to use the tools already out there essentially prepackage for an attacker. Yes I do We have not spoken with this particular render we don't have them have a really good point of contact for them We've contacted the other manufacturers that we've done used for initial research that you've done So the vulnerabilities with thirteen point five six megahertz an RF idea widely documented As far as the vulnerabilities we found with the replay attack and usb That we feel that's really up to their R&D department and their own internal security department It feels like they haven't really done basic security security testing on their own There's a new law in Europe the general data protection regulation these things are sold in Europe, right? They're sold in Europe and Eastern Europe. Yes, so as well as United States What do you think of the possibility that if there was an actual privacy breach? Someone could file a GDPR complaint and the company could be fined four percent of their annual income That's pretty interesting You could essentially do that by forcing an event as I mentioned if you were to place a reader on there and do Something similar to wall of sheep and just transmit people cgm data on the wall You've essentially forced the event. Yeah, you need to have it happen kind of more in the wild You know if somebody else did it like you wouldn't want to be if you were going to file a complaint you wouldn't want to be part of the cause Essentially needs somebody to set up a sensor and the projector right there in an airport and broadcast on the wall and there you go Okay, well, well, I predict someone will do this within the next month or so. Maybe not on this device, right? It might happen in the next 24 hours as everyone's flying home Any other questions elbow offline if you don't want to ask any other questions publicly Thank you very much for coming