Staff Sergeant Amberman from the Security Forces Detachment 3 Center working under the Security Forces Center at El Paso. Yes, this is my first time in the Philippines. It's been super awesome. We're getting to integrate with the Filipino Air Force a lot with the military working dog side and being able to just exchange back and forth. Different information has been nice. Everybody's super nice, friendly and I love being out here. The Philippine Allies, I think the biggest takeaway is how much I am able to just to incorporate like our training with their training and them teaching more conducive ways of dog training and just having fun and showing us how they up bring a dog compared to how we do it at Lackland. So today we were demonstrating our scouts. So scouts is if a suspect were to take off running into any kind of wooded area or anywhere that's rural then we can have a dog go in and have a search pattern and go and find a suspect whether it be with a sight or a sound or scent. So even if they're not making any noise or you can't see them the dog can still smell the person. Make sure that they can still find them if we need to so that we can go in and apprehend suspects. So while we've been here we've demonstrated our patrol work or obedience work and then we've also demonstrated a lot of detection work as well to see how different our detection is from their detection and just sharing information to see if we can help each other more and make each other better. So the dog teams are capable of patrol work, obedience tasks. They're also trained with detection for either narcotics or explosives. So one of my highlights of the Philippine allies that I've loved being here is just the just sharing of information and then also the friendships that I've built since being here and learning a lot more from them and just like their culture and how they like interact with each other. It's been really nice and that's my highlight is just the camaraderie that we all have. I would say the search and rescue is one of the biggest things that I'll be able to take away from this is because I did not train prior to this a lot of search and rescue so it's been really nice learning their search and rescue tactics. I know other counterparts in the military of DOD, we do search and rescue but us as Air Force we don't see it very often so it's been really nice to watch like how their search and rescue is very similar and but also the differences compared to our scouts. So that's why today we were able to exchange a lot more information and I enjoyed learning from them that aspect. I think it's overall enhancing because we have some younger handlers that are here with us with their dogs and then it's just teaching them a lot about just how to improve their handling skills and even us so like me I've learned a lot just from taking away from them that I'll be able to take back to our training center out at Fort Bliss so that we can I can actually help train more people that are going downrange a little bit better. I think this is like a really great opportunity to have both of our Air Forces come together and then be able to just train with each other and this canine's always an evolving door so anytime that you get a chance to even get to talk to somebody else that is handler or canine trainer it's been super nice because of the fact that you learn something new every day. There's never going to be a time where you are going to know everything in the Air Force military working dog program or even DOD wide. It's a plethora of information and I think with us being able to be out here and just sharing information we learn something almost every day so it's it's been pretty nice and I think this is definitely going to be one thing that will be good to keep up in the future because then we'll be able to come back and start having competitions and be able to have them come over to Guam and just the Philippine Air Force as a whole just getting better so that it enhances their capabilities too. Yes I hope that I'll be able to come back and be able to work with them or even if they come out to Guam being able to work with them out there. It is a little bit of a ways for traveling across the waters but I think this experience it's going to be one for a lifetime. Yeah so a couple of the female handlers we have actually gone out to dinner and then also the other day we got to play basketball with them so it was just them showing us their fun pastime things and then we go and do it as well so that we can just build our relationship to make it stronger. A couple of them have added me on Facebook so we've just built a lot better bonds by hanging outside of work instead of just being strictly work which has been really nice.


There's still a couple of seconds in it after four and a half days. Yeah, you're not wrong. I think he got the first one, we got the second, then he got the next. And then I got a little bit to get the lead back, but we actually took quite a bit out of him on this last stage. So, yeah, it's healthy again now. So you're happy for this afternoon? Cars all good, you're good? Yeah, it's good. We've got some oil leaks, but that's not a major problem. We'll just keep pouring oil into it. And, yeah, Dan's has passed us a classic stage next. It's to be respected, though, some big drops, and, yeah, so we just want to get it to need them safely.  Trading blows there with Jeff Judd in the front and only a couple of seconds in it after four and a half days. Yeah, but he took a big jump out of us in the last month, so he's charging, and I'm happy to let him do it. We had an alligator jump out of the grass this morning and gnaw at the boot lid, so we're just going to back off a little bit and just enjoy the scenery and try and stay in touch. So what happened to that last stage? Nothing in the last one. Went well, we enjoyed it. Just a nice flying stage. Most of them today have been, actually. No, just he seemed to have the mark for it and it was his stage, so we did that one a bit earlier on. So that's good. We're in the main street of Kourau. Now, that's Heartland, South Island, farming territory, and this morning we've had a story of dueling escorts. The Englishman, Vince Bristow, who left number one on the road in New Zealand at Jeff Judd, have been trading stages, and even after four and a half days, there was only just a few seconds in it up until the last stage before lunch, where Jeff Judd has managed to pull away a little, and so now Vince Bristow is about 30 seconds behind. Headed from here after lunch break for Dunedin, and hopefully the weather will hold up for another couple of stages.


If you enjoy my tutorials and would like to see more, please think about contributing to my Patreon account at patreon.com forward slash metalx1000. Hello, I'm Christopher Acapinti, filmsbychrist.com. This is Gabe once again joining me. Now last time Gabe was here we were talking about your first experiences with Ubuntu and you were recently telling me about how, as we talked about in the last interview, you use your phone mostly, you don't even use a laptop much, so even though you've been using Linux for years, you haven't really gotten into too much, but your wife ends up using the laptop more than you do. Correct. And she's not always happy that you're running Linux. No. I mean you do do a boot with Windows 7. Yes. But you were telling me that mainly it's, she's used to, it's not that she can't use other software, but she's used to certain software. Give a few examples of what she uses that. She uses the laptop primarily to organize her pictures and photos and she got used to using the Google Picasso program with the facial recognition in particular. She does not like. She hates it. Go ahead, say it. The interface that I was using with the Ubuntu Linux, the Unity interface in particular. Years ago she used the Mint and she was okay with that. That's going to be my suggestion. She just, growing up in different culture, she's from South America, Windows was all there was. In most countries. In most countries including here. It's changing with some countries. She wanted something that she was used to and she studied in school and wanted it just to work so she'd go on and not have to think too much and see her pictures. Now, you're saying that you did get it up and running on Linux, but you had to have mine installed. Correct. And I haven't used the software in a couple of years. There was at one point it was available in the repositories for Ubuntu and other distributions. Although, and I was playing with it even though proprietary software, I kind of liked it. I was using it and then I realized when I was installing it that it wasn't installing wine, but it was actually installing some of the wine library. So, even though they had to release for Linux, it was still actually the Windows version just running on Linux, just kind of seamlessly in a way. So, my suggestion to your wife is to get over it and try some other pieces off. Yes. Well, there's a lot of photo managing software on Linux. I don't necessarily think there's really any, I mean, do facial recognition detection, but not face recognition. It was detection. Right. Oh, it's detection at recognition. Let's give me explain the difference. Sure. I'll explain the difference. Like we have a camera recording right now. Yes. It can go, there's a face here. There's a face there. Recognition then. Yeah. That's detection. Face recognition goes, this is Gabe, which normally needs a number of photos to do, which is very hard to get in software unless you have a bunch of pictures of Gabe. You tag a bunch of them, then it starts learning, although I've heard recently that Facebook has acquired some facial recognition software that is like 96.5 accurate, where humans are 97% accurate. It's almost as accurate as human with just like one or two photos, which is not yet what Facebook is using on their website, but they acquired that software and they're going to implement it some way down the future. But that's why as far as facial recognition is more commonly done online, like with Facebook and Google Plus, because you already have all your pictures and you tag, so it has a big database to look from and go, that's Gabe. And it still messes up. It still sees my wife's sister and tags her. Sometimes it tags my one and a half year old daughter as some friend of mine. I'm like, what?  But it still works fairly well. So my recommendation would be to use what used to be called Google Picasso online. Web Picasso is now just integrated with Google Plus, which is where one of the places I back up all my photos. When it comes to media, stuff that can't be replaced, home photos and videos. I've said this a number of times. I have my Pogo plug, which I've installed Debian on, which I have a local web interface running Apache within my local network. And then remotely I can SSH in. And anytime I have new pictures or videos, I automatically back up the originals to my Pogo plug. And then I have like three YouTube accounts under different names. I have a daily motion account, a Flickr account and a Vimeo account. And everything gets back up to at least three of those places, if not more. So if one account gets canceled or they all, it's very hard. And then my Pogo plug is backed up to a CD or DVD or sometimes Blu-ray and then put in a fireproof safe. So multiple. I have just lost so many pictures back in high school. I was one of the first people to have a digital camera. And I was probably the first person in my town to own a CD burner. I worked at Circuit City at the time, which no longer exists. It's like a Best Buy type place. And at that time you can order CD burners out of a magazine, but you couldn't get them in stores.  We're going to get some. And every day I'd go to work and be like, has it come in yet? And one day I went in, had come in that morning. The store was not open yet. And I bought the only one we had. It was $400. Oh, over $400. Well, before my discount, it cost me like $350 after my employee discount. And it was a two-speed burner. So it took 40 minutes to burn just one regular CD. And I backed up most of my photos to there. But CDs end up getting scratched. I have a whole book full of them. Some of them I can get pictures off and some of them I put in. It spins. I've tried different readers because some drives read better than others. I just have lost so many pictures over the years that I don't want that to happen anymore. And storage is so cheap now, both buying yourself a hard drive and it's free online. Most people use Dropbox. I've never used Dropbox. I created an account because someone was asking me a question about it once. Never used it. I could. That would be just one more place. I mean, five gig limit is kind of minimal when you're talking about videos. With the YouTube accounts, I have unlimited. I think with Vimeo and Daily Motion, they limit me the weekly uploads. But I have unlimited. With Google Plus, which was Picasso. I know what kind of started with Google Picasso and I've moved on now. It's part of your, when you have a Google account, they give you one terabyte now. Which they keep updating every couple of years. So I've never even composed it in my limit. But that's not even really the limit. The limit is pretty much unlimited because it's a terabyte for original size. So when I upload a photo to Google Plus, it stores it for me at the original resolution, whatever it is. Up to that one terabyte. Once I hit that one terabyte, then it starts scaling it down to, I think, 2048 pixels on the longest size. Which is still, I mean, unless you're going higher than 8 by 10, really isn't going to make a difference. And at least I still have that photo, you know? But it's just so easy. I don't even, I don't trust automated backups. My phone automatically backs up. Other than that, I just plug in my SD card, edit the video if I need to. I drag it to YouTube, drag it to all these things. Now my internet stops working for like an hour while everything's uploaded. Yes. But other than that, really no inconvenience. It's just drag and drop it all and walk away, go watch a TV show, come back and it's all backed up. And I can share it. I have them, some marked private. Most of them I leave public. In case I lose my password, I can still download them off YouTube. Like on my regular YouTube account, I make them private because my viewers don't want to watch all my home videos. But I have another account that they're all under, which is public. They may be even more curious than you think. Well, it's like, well, I don't care if people see it. I just don't want to, I don't want people to unsubscribe because I'm posting all these videos of my daughter. I wouldn't put any, I wouldn't back anything up online that would be, I'd consider private. If it's private, it goes on my Pogo plug and I just hope that I don't lose my Pogo plug. You know? And maybe to a CD. I don't put anything online, any photos or videos that I don't care if anybody sees them. So my advice to her would be try using the web interface, but it's still going to be different than what she's used to. But at least everything's still backed up. But it does do the facial recognition. It's easy to share and if the computer dies, it's all backed up online. And you can always use Google Takeout. Are you familiar with Google Takeout? No. Okay. Google Takeout, it'll bring you to a Google Takeout page. And it will list everything, like if you have a Google Acosta or a YouTube account. And you check your emails, your chats. Facebook has the same thing if you go into the settings. You check what you want. It will create a zip file for you of all the original files. And you can download, and I used to do that once a year. I still do with my documents and stuff because I back up stuff to Google Docs. Once again, nothing private, mostly programming notes. Just because it's so easy to hop online and search through them. But at any point, I can download all that stuff and use it on my computer or upload it to another service. Like Facebook, all your chats. I think it's an XML format or something that downloads it as. And so you can definitely utilize again with other services or at least search through it and make your own backup. And so although a lot of people worry about Google knowing so much, I don't care if they know about you as long as I have control of my own data. And so now it's like if tomorrow they said, we're doing this and I go, I don't agree with that. I don't want to use Google anymore. I can pull all my stuff or I already hopefully already have it mostly pulled off. I'm just not giving them anything I don't already have that I can't get back. Again, I've said a number of times. The only real thing I use on my computer that I feel like I'm kind of trapped in because like I have flash installed. I'm not saying I'm perfect. I have some proprietary Nvidia drivers. I have flash installed some proprietary codecs. But I don't feel like I'm really dependent on any of those. The only thing I really am dependent on is I use Google voice. Yes. So everyone knows that phone number. Okay. Sorry about that SD card got full on the camera. So I was talking about Google voice and how I feel kind of dependent on it. I mean, like I said, I could always leave it. I could use open source software, but then have to either set my own server or use someone else's service that they're going to charge for. So in this case, I'm opting to use some proprietary software for a cost-free service. And I do feel locked in, which is exactly why you're not supposed to do that. So it's not the end of the world. Again, if they were to cancel service, I think the phone number still mine just like a cell phone. I could port it to a cell phone. I would lose the features of it, but I would still be able to take that number with me. So kind of started off on one subject and I kind of brought us off on another, which is what I tend to do. But again, I thank you for coming Gabe. I thank you for watching. Appreciate it. Please visit FilmsByChris.com. That's Chris with the K. There should be a link in the description to the site. And I hope that you have a great day.


Thanks very much for this opportunity to talk to such a diverse and interesting audience. I won't be playing with code like Tim, but looking more at the outcomes of working with an IT team that has enabled us to take advantage of the tremendous capacities of web technologies for advancing humanities research today. I'm directing the prosecution project. It's a project that's been going for about five years. We were funded by the Australian Research Council in 2013 to conduct an investigation into the history of the criminal trial in Australia, the history of criminal prosecution. So the funding enabled the gathering of a research team, a number of people, head of MSOL, a couple of research fellows, PhD students, research assistants of various kinds. So it's quite a large team in terms of the usual experience of humanities disciplines and offers tremendous capacity for developing our research. So we're historians, we're interested in crime, one of the main sources of our data. Well, Tim's just pointed to the fantastic resource of Trove, a key resource you could, without even having the Australian archives and original court records, you could do a lot of what we want to do in our project just through using the resources of Trove. And I might say something about that later in terms of our current experience of working with some researchers outside Australia who are using Trove as a way of getting into Australian history. But as historians, we value working with archives with original sources. It's one of the means of getting to the histories, the stories that we want to talk about. And so, conventionally, of course, historians have worked with paper and pen. More than any time, more than 10 years ago, you would generally have had to just go into an archive with paper and pen. The most technology you might see there would be a microfilm reader. If you're unfortunate enough to be working with records that they had microfilmed and they wouldn't allow you to look at originals, you'd be looking at microfilms. Fortunately, those microfilms now in the last 10 or 15 years have increasingly been digitised themselves so they've produced scanned images that can become the resources for a project like ours. I might just show you very quickly the inside of our project as a research every day practice. This is the core of what we work with every day. This is a project that is interested in working at the case level in understanding the process by which somebody was arrested and charged with a crime and then processed through a court system with a possible outcome of being convicted and then sent to prison for a certain period of time. Even before 1967 in Australia, being possibly vulnerable to execution. We have quite a few thousand people in our cases who in fact were sentenced to death. We work with a system which was designed as a collaboration between the researchers and IT people at Griffith e-research services. What we wanted to do was to be able to work with a distributed research team at possibly a number of places around the country. We wanted to use the web technologies and the sharing of resources to enable us to build a database from any web connected computer. This is the interface that was designed over a period of time. Very intensive work with our IT collaborators. Meeting weekly, importantly, in fact we're still doing it after five years, constantly re-evaluating redeveloping parts of it. What we do is take particular images that we've had digitised and I'll give you an example from the New South Wales courts. We have these digitised images which are delivered to the desktop of researchers or a community of volunteers that we recruited through the project and who are given these records to transcribe into the structured form that you see there. The system was designed with a lot of capacity for the researchers to vary the range of attributes for any particular research collection depending on the nature of the records in each state and then to edit over time as we needed to the records that are produced. We're dealing really with originally just with Supreme Court records for six states of Australia but the capacity of the project has grown considerably over this period of time when more and more data is becoming available for use in this kind of project. For example, with Tim Sherritt's help in fact using an earlier stage of his trope harvester we've been able to access the metadata of the huge collection of courts martial records in Australian military theatres in the 20th century and we're starting work on that currently. Most of these other records relate to particular state jurisdictions. In addition to the Supreme Court records we're being accessing things like the Queensland Morton Bay Colony records which are preserved in the form of a small number of registers and which have been transcribed by a community historian and we've been able to access the data for those off the Queensland Government open data site. There are other resources like the police assets which we access sometimes through research collaborations with other partners. Hamish Maxwell Stewart at the University of Tasmania has been doing a lot of work with different police cassette records and then we also have now increasing numbers of prison records being digitised by some of the archives. We've done a lot of work with the Victorian female prison registers which were digitised by the Public Record Office of Victoria. Wonderful, very comprehensive collection, absolutely world-class digitisation project at the archival level which will enable us eventually to have a very comprehensive history of crime and imprisonment in Victoria over about an 80-year period from the 1850s. So that's a tremendous range of resources there that's been built up over a period of time during which the digital landscape has been changing with these cultural collections in archives and through other sources including Trove. A significant development since the beginning of the project and the design of the original interface was the development of the Trove API which we now use to search for materials that may relate to the particular case that we are investigating. So in this case this prisoner Annie Wise who which had a trial date here you can see in 1881 the Trove API enables us to semi-automate a search on the data about Annie Wise for that particular year and throws up a number of results which we can then inspect and it looks like we've got the first hit there recording the possible information. We can copy that link back into the record and it becomes a permanent part of that record for future use. I'll just put it in there oh there's the trove link there. Increasingly these records are now available through a public search site and this is our public web page and the most important feature of it is this search facility which is a live facility. So records that are being created today if they fall within the access period that we release which is up to 1922 because of various archival restrictions then that data will become available through this particular search page. How am I going for time? A few minutes. I might just highlight a couple of other important linkages that have been developed in the course of the project as we've gone along. Again these are things that have become possible really quite recently and were not something that we considered at the outset of the project in 2013. But with a team of developers through the NCRIS funded RDS project over the last couple of years we've worked with a couple of the cultural institutions on an API that will enable cultural institutions to access our indexes of these court trials for their own collections. So many people may know the very impressive Tasmanian names index which aggregates the search facility across a huge range of their records to enable people to search for family members in the Tasmanian records. The Tahoe Tasmanian Archives and Heritage Office is now using the API that was developed through what's called the Hashtable project to access relevant records in our Tasmanian register and you can see an example here of a particular person whose record has been digitized in the Tasmanian Archives but at their level it's only searchable manually but because we have indexed the records they now have an exact page reference for those records so that increased record discovery enabled through that API from the very valuable feature of the project and now Trove itself is importing and harvesting our records to supplement their People and Organisations zone and I'll just show you very quickly a search you can do on Paul Keating in People and Organisations produces a well-known Australian member of the Federal Parliament but also this guy Paul Keating who appears in the prosecution project indexes and was prosecuted in in Ballarat in 1862 for impersonating a voter the person he impersonated was somebody called Ronald McDonald believe it or not So that Trove use of the API is another very important outcome of this project of improving access and sharing the data from our project to the wider community not just for the use of researchers but for the general community the many hundreds of thousands of people who are searching Trove every week for different kinds of information about things that are important to them. Five minutes. Okay I might that's highlighted the links to the Tasmanian registers if I go back to the homepage one other thing that we've been working on again is a live interaction with our data to present the statistical overview and enable queries in the record set according to particular features depending on what people may be interested in so we may be interested in murder in New South Wales between 1860 and 1920 and you hope if I just look at a general category of homicide we're now increasingly doing a lot of work to improve the range of data that is able to be visualized through this for example this facility at the moment simply records the raw numbers of appearances over time of course what will be important will be to present those in terms of appearance rates per head of population so that will be a future part of the development of the project. The project has recruited finally I might talk a little bit about its community volunteers from an early stage we realized that the volume of records was beyond the research teams capacity and we'd be another 50 years before we got anywhere near the recording of the data we wanted to access so we wrote to every local history and family history society in Australia to see whether there were people interested in assisting in the project we got very good response we had very good assistance particularly from a number of the archives the Victorian archives Tasmania and Queensland and notably we got a community historical society in Karnamar in Western Australia which came on board with about 80 volunteers who are constantly engaged in in digital projects and become expert transcribers and they in fact have ended up assisting us to enter data for more than 90,000 cases across the range of materials not just Western Australia which we back to completed very early but the Victorian and Queensland material and this is an outcome of the development of a community of shared interests between researchers and general users who are interested in local history and family history and genealogy very important development which has only been made possible through the presence of this project on the web and enabled by the sharing of data out of the archives through digitization that's probably enough for me to to talk about this stage I look forward to any questions that people may have here or or afterwards about the project thank you


As I've explored previously, drinking sugar water is bad for you. If you have people drink glass of water with three tablespoons of table sugar, and it was like a can of soda, this is the spike in blood sugar you get within the first hour. Our body freaks out so much, releases so much insulin. We actually overshoot, by the second hour, a relatively high bogel. I see me dropping our blood sugar below where it was when we started out fasting. In response, our body dumps fat into our bloodstream, as if we're starving, because our blood sugar just drops so low. And the same thing happens after drinking apple juice. Here's what happens to your blood sugar on three hours after eating four and a half cups of apple slices. It goes up, comes down. But if you eat the same amount of sugar in apple juice form, about two cups, your body overreacts. Releasing too much insulin, you end up dipping below where you started. The removal of fiber in the production of fruit juice can enhance the insulin response and result in this rebound hypoglycemia. What would happen, though, if you stuck those four and a half cups of sliced apples in a blender with some water and pureed them into an apple smoothie? It would still have all its fiber, yet it still caused that hypoglycemic dip. Three bound fallen blood sugars, which occurred during the second and third hours after juice and puree, was in striking contrast to the practically steady level after apples. This finding not only indicates how important the presence of fiber is, but also perhaps whether or not the fiber is physically disrupted, like in the blender. Let's play devil's advocate, though. Eating four and a half cups of apples took 17 minutes, but to drink four and a half cups of apples in smoothie form only took about six minutes, and you can down two cups of juice in like 90 seconds. So maybe these dramatic differences have more to do with how fast the fruit entered into our system, rather than its physical form. If it's just the speed, we could instead sip a smoothie over 17 minutes would be the same, right? So they put it to the test. Fast juice was drinking in 90 seconds, but what if you instead sipped the juice over 17 minutes? Same problem. So it wasn't the speed, it was the lack of fiber. What if you disrupt that fiber with blending, but sip it as slowly as the whole apple eating? A little better, but not as good as just eating the apple. So eating apples is better than drinking apple smoothies. But who drinks apple smoothies? What about bananas, mangoes, berries? There was a study that compared whole bananas to blended bananas and didn't see any difference, but they only looked for an hour and it was while they were exercising. Bananas in general, though, may actually improve blood sugars over time. The same thing with mangoes, and this was with powdered mango, and it can't get any more fiber disrupted than that. It may be due to a phytonutrient called mangifarin, which may slow sugar absorption through the intestinal wall. Berries help control blood sugar so well they can counter the effects of the sugar water even when they're pureed in a blender. Adding blended berries, in addition to the sugar water, and you don't get the hypoglycemic dip, you don't get that burst of fat in the blood. Drinking blended berries isn't just neutral, but improves blood sugar control. Again, thought to be due to special phytonutrient that can slow sugar uptake into the bloodstream. Indeed, six weeks of blueberry smoothie consumption actually improve whole body insulin sensitivity. So while apple smoothies may be questionable, a recipe like Mayo's basic green smoothie recipe, packed with berries and greens, would be expected to deliver the best of both worlds, maximum nutrient absorption, without risking overly rapid sugar absorption.


Good afternoon, in the academic roaster of IIT Kanpur, this course is named as TA 101, technical arts 101. I am Anupam Saxena, an associate professor with mechanical engineering at IIT Kanpur. You know science has come quite far, about couple weeks ago, physicists were very excited, that they were very close to discovering a particle called Boson. The name comes from two scientists, Bose and Einstein, and this is the particle that is responsible for matter. So, you have many intellectual minds, many intelligent minds working over matter, but how is this fact related to the course? Well, if you are pondering, never mind it does not matter, really never mind it does not matter, not quite, in this course you will have to apply your mind, it does matter. For anything that you would do engineering, you will have to apply your mind, you will have to apply your common sense, because that is what matters in the end. So, this course is called technical arts 101, but I will slightly, I will give you a slightly different name, for me this course is about thinking and analyzing, think T and analyze A, but this is going to be slightly different, in the sense that we are going to be thinking and analyzing only through geometry, no equations, no analysis, no deduction, but only through geometry, through drawings. Anybody have an idea what this picture is about, do you know who this character is, you are right, he is Pu, Vinny the Pu and he was conceived by two people, A. A. Milne and Ernst Scheffer, that is what my 11 year tells me, these are his friends. The point behind the picture, I will try to address this question as to how art got formalized over the years. You know long, long, very long time ago, but not so long ago, people expressed their ideas through sketches and paintings, they probably did not have the grammar, they did not have the vocabulary, they first of all started discussing or representing or expressing their ideas using sketches and paintings. Look at these paintings for instance, these are paintings from a place called Bheem Betika, which is about close to Bhopal about 40, 45 kilometers, 60 kilometers close to Bhopal, Bhopal is about 8 and half hours away from Kanpur, the city. You know this place Bheem Betika has lot of caves, that were accessed by cave dwellers and it seems to have paintings from all these ages, upper Paleolithic, Mesolithic, early historic medieval. You know so this stage here is about 50 to about 100,000 years ago, Mesolithic stage is about 10,000 years ago, Caleolithic is a stage where part of system came in existence primarily with agricultural commodities, early historic. So, if you look at these figures, you would realize that people started sketching or painting schematic decorative in red, white and yellow and medieval stage was what is depicted by geometric linear, Magnes hematite redstone and use of wooden coal. You know so these are paintings from long time ago and if you look at these paintings, you would realize that there is no text, there is no grammar, there is no language, just art and pure art nothing else. You know like this quote here by Riva Kimball long before words were written, thoughts were painted on the walls of the caves. You know so again I would I trade that there was no language, there was no grammar, all we could see were sketches that were painted in the walls of the caves. Some examples look at some paintings, so this is from Sri Lanka from the 5th century, so these are paintings from Ajanta caves again from the 5th century, these are paintings from ancient Egypt 5,000 years ago, some from Shiaway caves France 30,000 years ago and these are from Tokipala caves Peru about 6,000 years from now. You know once again coming back to this quote from Riva Kimball long before words were written thoughts were painted on the walls of the caves. Again look at these paintings no text, no grammar, no language, just art, just colors, of course I mean the text is here, the grammar is here, now inside the paintings keep that mind. So, some more examples these are a couple paintings from Pompeii about 2000 years, Pompeii 5th century even some examples from China, the Tang dynasty 580 to 980 you know, so this was a phenomenon that was in existent throughout the world, well ancient times the period of Razan, Sistine Chapel in Rome on Vatican I guess look at these paintings absolutely fabulous, absolutely fabulous, there are many number over there, look at the use of colors, look at the details you know the features over here. So, people really mastered art when they were added and look at these paintings over here on the roof and on the walls, look at the curvature of the wall, the way they were able to use the curvature and represent paintings amazing, well how about sculptures people again were not behind, again these are examples from the period of Razan, again sculptures from Rome, Peter over here for instance, look at again the details you know the muscles, the bones over here, people became very good at depicting not only their ideas in two dimensions, but also in three dimensions, the question is where they able to do all this without expressing anything on paper in two dimensions, they must be convinced, they must be conceiving you know these ideas somewhere, well let us look at some examples of ancient monuments, you have the Colosseum from Rome, Pyramid from Egypt, Kuduminar from Delhi, Linn Tower of Pizza, Taj Mahal over here, this is something which is very very interesting, so this is a picture of Buddha, in fact not a picture of Buddha, but statue of Buddha, so wooden, largest wooden statue of Buddha in a place called Nara Japan, you know golden temple over here, quite a few monuments from India, Asia and worldwide, once again the question is was it possible for us to have accomplished these monuments, so nicely without using paper and pen or without conceiving these ideas beforehand, what would be your guess, my guess is definitely not, they must have worked quite a bit to be able to concede these ideas, well so this are or rather these are some examples from Gustave Eiffel, he was a French engineer, so these are engineering examples, Garbet Viaduct Railway, it is a bridge over here, look at how efficiently he has been able to use frames to be able to provide enough strength for the rail to cross through this bridge, railway station in Budapest, Maria Pier Bridge again, so if you look at this example and this example very similar in construction, so there is this arch over here that is over the river and then these vertical columns tapering upwards and there is a horizontal bridge, supposed to be really stiff, Iron House in Peru, Athol Tower one of the famous examples of engineering by Gustave Eiffel and his company rather, his team, again statue of liberty, one in France, the other one in the US, close to New York, you know he and his company were responsible to be building about 65 buildings and bridges in Europe and elsewhere throughout the world, once again where they able to concede these ideas and these are by the way engineering ideas, I mean a lot of these structures they happen to be quite stiff, for example these two guys, they happen to be quite stiff, they are able to bear enormous you know vertical load, here the Athol Tower is able to bear enormous wind load, you know I was actually going through a few papers and I realize that or rather people talk about this being conceded by two exponents or exponentials, so this is one exponential curve over here, the second exponential curve over here, fantastic design, but again he and his team members they had to start with a paper and a pen, so they drew a lot of preliminary sketches about the idea and that is true for both the Athol Tower as well as statue of liberty, so these are the internal skeletons, the sketches of internal skeletons of the statue of liberty, so people did work with paper and pen before they conceded all these you know now very well known engineering models, bottom line designers may have been a single person or a team of few or many, I do not know design had to be communicated to those building it, what we now know as manufacturers you know, so designers they would be communicating their design or the ideas to what we call manufacturers these days without that it is impossible, communication could have been possible only through sketches or drawings you know that is the most efficient way in which I know I would be able to communicate my ideas to somebody else. Now the question is you know I would draw sketch or I would draw a few sketches in different way or somebody else would draw these sketches in different way, a third person for example, if he looks at my sketch and if he looks at somebody else's sketch, is it possible for him to strike the uniformity between these two ways of sketching, so the idea is there a way in which we can draw sketches, so that it is easier for the manufacturers to understand these sketches. I will answer that question in a little while later, but first some more examples do you know this guy is none other than a very famous artist and engineer from the Leonardo da Vinci, he was very talented great artist and a great engineer more than that a wonderful visionary you know what was something that I found surprising was his amazing way of describing human anatomy, look at the details of the sketches that he has over here you know I mean of course, he is writing some notes over here he is using some grammar some language, but look at the details the human face typical human face look at the ratio that he is trying to work out skull human skull, a baby in a womb I believe this is a picture that represents or that depicts the golden ratio again pictures of babies fetus or feti once again details over here anatomy the bones and not only did he work with anatomy I mean he also worked with he also used sketches to describe a lot of engineering components that he came up with the ideas that he came up with you know these are pictures from different machines, one of the flying machines that he had conceived around that time 1500 1600 maybe I do not know what this is again a typical mechanical system I believe again a bunch of things over here typical mechanical system lot of pulleys and gears you know so there are many many plenty number gear system I guess primitive glider that he conceived around that time the many of these pictures that represent engineering anatomy medicine you know around the same time and of course he was an artist so not only did he focus on the anatomy and engineering aspects, but he was also interested in art in beauty and one of the final pictures that he that I would show you not not from him so it is a single point perspective of a landscape probably inside of a hall if I am not mistaken it looks like it is all right so to be able to answer that question or to answer that question that I had posed a little earlier was it possible for people to make the way we draw sketches more uniform so he was a person who made it possible his name is Gaspard Munger he was a French he was in French military he was an engineer you know born in 1746 stayed on this earth till 1818 he is a person who is the inventor of descriptive geometry you know picture sketches were used around that time to communicate but did not have any uniformity so that is what he started out with one could draw figures in various ways one could draw paintings sketches in various ways yes we all know that architects builders engineers designers they had tremendous difficulty in understanding these figures I mean fine I mean if I let us say I draw something over here it is you know if I draw something like this perhaps it is not very difficult for you to identify what this is it is a cube for instance or if I draw something here for instance this would be a pyramid with a square base so these are sketches that you know people would understand but how about the dimensions how about relative lengths or angles for that matter so these are things that you know manufacturers architects builders engineers designers they would use to be able to you know accomplish what this sketch would stand for over this sketch would stand for right so these are details which were not present in those sketches manga formalized the technical drawings what we know as orthographic projections the first few lectures will actually be dedicated to these projections and we will learn more about them and other projections or other ways of representing different solids or different drawings later in this course the scheme was quickly adopted by army engineers you know first in France and then worldwide and after the war it was accepted worldwide and formed the backbone for industrial revolution you know look at the buildings we have around us look at the engineering marvels the cars the trains the bullet trains the aircrafts existence of all of which probably would not have been possible unless we had our drawings or sketches being represented uniformly so the objective in this course is to learn technical drawing in theory as well as in practice using drafting tools and free hand sketches once again the objective is to learn technical drawing a technical art in theory and practice using drafting tools and free hand sketches and we will do that you know in the next 40 hours that will devote to this course all right so this is the organizational lectures in laboratory assignments that we have planned week one essentially we will have two lectures on introduction and basic construction week two again two lectures on orthographic projections week three two lectures on orthographic projections week four on isometric projections week five on missing lines and views week six on sections and assembly week seven on oblique projections you know Cavalier and cabinet week eight on perspective projections week nine and ten four lectures over here on lines and planes week eleven will be on auxiliary projections week twelve and week thirteen will be devoted to the topics in section of lines planes and solids and in section and development so in all we will have about 26 lectures and we will have about 13 labs so each lab will be of 3 hour each so lot of work that lies ahead of us all right so lectures will be held in L7 on two days Tuesday and Thursday from 2 to 3 p.m labs will be held in drawing call which is the extension of the non lab and we will probably have one or two labs on AutoCAD which will be held in the new IME building on the third floor all right so your classes divided into 12 groups of I would say 40 students each on average B1 B2 and B3 they will be doing the labs on Tuesday tutors are process Shakti Singh Gupta Prasai N. N. Kishore and Mr. Shantanu the first two from the mechanical engineering the second from or rather third from aeronautical engineering before B5 B6 they will do the labs on Monday and you will have Professor Tareh Professor Bose and Professor or rather Mr. Bhargavaj as your respective tutors sections B7 B8 and B9 are planned for Wednesday with Tarun Gupta Basantalal Sharma and Ashish Dutta from civil mechanical engineering and B10 to B12 they will be doing the labs on Thursday with Rajeev Sinha Javed Malik and Ria Catherine George or from civil engineering the grading policy you know since you are going to be working a lot in your labs we have decided that will assign about 25 percent of your grade to your labs your lab work home assignments you will be doing them quite a bit. So, 10 percent for that missed semester examination 25 percent and semester examination 40 percent. So, 25 plus 25 50 10 plus 40 50 overall 100 percent and there would be certain extra credit assignments that I may be giving they will add to it. So, just in case if you are doing better than what you are or what you should what what rather what you are then of course you will be expecting or you may expect you know more than 100 percent marks and that will be that will be pretty interesting that will be pretty nice. So, the lecture notes are going to be hosted on my webpage home.iitk.ac.n slash tilde Anupam S under courses in the main menu and this is listed under course 2 TA 101 is listed in course 2. We will have a manual for lab and home assignments you know you can seek or you can buy drawing material and books essentially a 3 sheets a 4 sheets sketchbook grade book pretty much like that from noble book store or turn book store in the IIT campus. And we will be using primarily 2 books as a text French Burek and Foster Graphic Science and Design published by Tata McGraw-Hills 2012. And another book by N. D. Putt on elementary engineering drawing Carotter publishing Anand I think this is in Gujarat is it 31st edition 1990. So, 2 books that will be using equipment required you will probably not be able to do your drawings without these equipments. So, this is a mini drafter here a set of set squares this I think is a 45 90 another one 60 30 90 you will have a bunch of erasers what I recommend is a 0.5 lead pencil. So, you will be doing some construction lines and you will be doing some main lines for the construction lines I usually use and recommend 2 H pencil or 2 H lead and for the drawing I recommend H lead a pencil that heads avoid you know spalling of sheet just in case if I have to use the eraser one thing I also recommend is the use of this stencil full of circles you know for smaller circles it is a lot easier and lot neater for all of us to draw circles using this stencil otherwise for larger circles you will have a compass and for weird looking curves you might want to use set of French curves you know to connect the dots and give them a smooth render. So, all these should be available either with noble book store or turn book store in the campus. Now, few things which I would actually want you to note which are very important all labs are to be done in a 3 drawing sheets unless specified otherwise all homeworks again in a 3 drawing sheets unless specified otherwise and all sketches in sketch book it is always a nice idea to come prepared for your subsequent lab and you know working out your sketches in a sketch book would be a nice idea. So, that way you will not be wasting a lot of time you know scratching your head looking left right rather you would know what you need to do in your lab if you adhere to this third point. So, let us get started with some theory we will draw some perpendicular to and from a line what kind of methods to be used for that well. So, let us take a case where a point is not on a line. So, you have line l you have a point somewhere here not on a line and you like to draw a perpendicular from that point on to that line. So, let that point be q you know the easiest thing that you would do is you would place a ruler with one of the edges on the line and then you will take a set square with one of the edges on the ruler. So, this would be I guess a 30 90 or 45 45 set square and you would place the other edge of the set square. So, that it virtually passes to this point and then you would draw this line you know this is how not very difficult straight forward yeah alright. So, another case we have a line here a point here rather it is a similar case, but in this case let us see if we do not use a ruler and a set square what we or how do we draw a perpendicular perhaps just using a compass let us see. So, you know so we will take a compass we will measure this distance and with radius larger than this distance we will draw an arc which would be cutting this line at two points point here ok. So, this is the radius r which is greater than this distance and from this point over here we will draw another arc that is going to be cutting this arc let us say let us say this radius is r 1 which I think is slightly larger than the distance this distance over here and with the same radius r 1 we are going to be making another arc. Now, what we will be having is this point over here and if we join this point with point q this red line will be perpendicular to the line in question. So, this was the case where we had used a ruler and a set square this is an identical case where we did not use these geometrical entities rather we only use a compass these are you know things that you probably remember from the grade school point on a line. So, the previous case was when the point was not on the line what if the point is on the line what you do in this case.   So, with this as center and radius as r. So, this r I think would be slightly larger than r 1 or may be a little more larger than r 1 and the intersection point over here if you join this point with point q you are going to be having a line in red perpendicular to the line in green line l point on the line. Let us say we have another point c which is not on the line we take this distance r distance c q and we draw a large arc with c a center let that arc cut the line at point a our join point a and c and I would probably extend it to insect with the arc over here. Let me call that intersection point as m and m is such that if I draw a line joining m and q this line is going to be perpendicular to the original line l try to prove this again. So, this course is about thinking and analyzing. So, whatever constructions we have discussed so far go back to your hostel rooms and try to work it out algebraically whether really all these red lines in different cases happen to be perpendicular to green lines. I am sure the proof is or the proves rather are not very difficult arc tangents to lines and arcs. So, we have line l we have a point q let us say we draw a perpendicular from q to l you know actually you have studied four cases just about now how to draw a perpendicular to a line let this distance be r that is pretty straight forward you know. So, just take a compass take q a center this as radius drawn out straight forward about this one line l oh that is a big circle all right. So, we have a center for that circle let us call that center c. So, let us let this circle have radius r 1 all right. So, what are we doing here I guess we are looking for an arc which is common to this circle and the line all right. So, let us see how we do that let us take any point on the line and draw an arc you know of radius r.   Now, with this as center it is possible for us to draw an arc which is tangent to both the circle and the line and of course, this arc is of radius r. So, I guess the problem was you know given a line and a circle and given a number r how do we draw an arc of radius r that is tangent to both the circle and the line. So, this is how we draw that clearly this distance is r. So, we have a point we have a circle let us say we have an arc we have another arc here. So, the first arc has a center and radius r 1 the second arc has a center and radius r 2. So, this arc with this as center if we draw this arc of radius r 1 plus r and with this as center if we draw another arc of radius r 2 plus r then we will get this center over here and with this center it will be possible for us to draw an arc of radius r which is tangent to both the circle. So, the problem here was you know given a circle with center here radius r 1 another circular arc with center here radius r 2 and a number r how do you draw an arc which is tangent to both these circles. So, this is what the solution is once again all right. So, this is the problem given draw an arc with this as center and radius r 1 plus r draw an arc with this as center and radius r 2 plus r you know get the intersection points of these two arcs right over here with this as center and radius as r draw an arc that is tangent to both these circles. You know how about solving this problem in a slightly different manner again. So, given two arcs with the respective centers and radius r 1 r 2 now draw an arc with this as center and radius r minus r 1. So, r is given to us let us say and draw another arc with this as center and radius r minus r 2. So, with this as intersection point the center and with radius r it is possible for you to draw an arc with this tangent to both these arcs, but you know this would actually be encompassing both these circles. So, you know slightly different angle same problem of course, this radius is r which is larger than r 1 and larger than r 2 all right.  So, you will actually be having these two dashed lines intersecting at some point and with this point as center and the radius r it is possible for you to draw an arc which is tangent to both these lines you know these are constructs or constructions that you are very well aware of from your grade school line and angle by sectors again. So, this is something that you probably have learnt in the 8th or 9th grade or even earlier. So, given a line so draw this arc where this is center and radius slightly larger than half the length of this line and vice versa you know with this is center the same radius draw this arc over here if you join these two points this essential or this line would essentially be bisecting this line into two parts. So, it is actually going to be a perpendicular bisector it is probably not very clear through this figure, but that is how it is going to be again. So, these two lines with this is center draw an arc. So, this arc is going to be intersecting this line and this line in these two points with the same radius or may be a different radius I guess with this is center draw an arc with this is center draw an arc I guess it has to be the same center go back to your grade school and figure this thing out. So, the intersection point between these two arcs would actually give you a point. So, if you join what am I saying. So, the intersection of these two arcs will give you a point and if you join this point with this point the result essentially will be a line that will be an angular bisector defined by these two lines. So, essentially this angle will be the same as this angle about intersection. So, given a line you know draw another line over here could be of any angle divide this line into three parts three equal parts you know. So, this length this length and this length they are the same join the end point of this segment with the original segment and you know draw these lines parallel to this line and essentially these points will ensure that this line gets trisected divided into three equal parts can we do the same thing for this angle. Let us say it so happens that using a ruler and a compass it is impossible for you to trisect this angle, but there is something called a multiplicator or an angle trisector it is a mechanical device that looks like this. So, if you essentially have this link. So, it is actually a linkage you know. So, if you have this link placed on one of the edges of this angle and this link placed on the other edge it is possible for you to trisect the angle. I am sorry if you place this link on this edge and if you place this link on this edge. So, these two links will essentially be giving you the lines over here and over here in such a way that this angle is going to be divided into three equal parts. So, it is called an angle multiplicator a mechanical linkage that was initially conceived by a b Kempe. So, I will stop now and I would request you to keep thinking and analyzing. So, we will come back in the next lecture.


We're now almost one week after we seeded and behind me, we've got a field that's a bit uneven to say the least Now one possible reason it could be uneven is rats. We do have a rat population here at Erie. I've got Dr. Grant Singleton with me who specializes in rats to tell us a little bit more about how rats interact with rats. Now I'm also thinking over here looking around here there's an area with a rat fence over to my left. And now that can be good because if you do have a rat problem last year there was a rat problem just here It's good to have what we call a trap crop where you plant an area early about two to three weeks early and then have traps with multiple capture traps entrances like this so the rats go in but can't get back out again. The other thing is yeah where and when should you conduct rat control? The when is now because the main we know from the breeding ecology of rats for every female rat that you remove at this time of the season it's equivalent to removing about 60 rats come the ripening stage of the crop particularly after the fellow period the rats there's big disturbance during the fellow period and the working of the soil so the rats then get moved out get moved to the edges and they aggregate and that's the best time to manage them and so along these areas where there's cover also here in the farm you have irrigation canals underneath and so the entrances of those canals because they're good habitats for rats as well so they need cover and they need areas that are not being disturbed. How? We have here trappy the rat and trappy is is used often right when I talk to farmers and we will show that they will enter into the trap here and he will force his way through and rats yeah trappy's big but see how they sort of crunch down and rats can do that as well the only thing that limits a rat they they can dislocate their shoulder shoulders or whatever it's the width of their head which indicates as the how big the the hole is they can get in and with a mouse you push your finger in a mouse can get into a hole with a rat it's more sort of a probably a large thumb so it's usually about 12 millimetres if you've got a hole bigger than that then the rats can get through and so often you know you don't need a very big opening here the rats will force their way through. When we first seeded Arkeam and I were most concerned about rats what we didn't think about was birds what do we know about birds and their interactions with Seeded Rock? In agricultural systems there were two approaches one is they will will spread um something to feed the animals just prior to the crop coming to the the stage of of Seed the other approach is is is scaring them away. Here here in the Philippines and elsewhere in Asia often it's just using of what you've got here the flags to just cause a bit of of disturbance not well they had seen not far from here where they have a little like a little windmill with a little ratchet on it making a noise and that's to keep the birds away as well so it's it's looking at at noise as a deterrent but really we don't know much at all about the bird problem and again one of the big questions is where are they breeding where are they aggregating and try to see if we can prevent the problem before it does escalate