So now we are in the second part. So this session is about the cells of Cementum and its functions and little bit about the developmental anomalies and other problems seen in Cementum. So we have two types of cells. They are Cementoblasts and Cementocytes. Cementoblasts are which is derived from dental follicle, okay hope you remember dental follicle giving rise to Cementum, Peridontolegamon and Alvulabon whereas Papilla giving rise to Pulp and Tentane. So the transformation of mesenchymal cells of dental follicle giving Cementoblasts. So these Cementoproginator cells synthesize collagen and protein polysaccharide. So these cells have numerous mitochondria, well formed Golgi apparatus and large amount of granular endoplasmic reticulum. So while seeing the histology the root resorption areas showing that the Cementoblasts can arise wherever viable dentine is exposed to the soft tissues of Peridontolegamon. So the induction of Cementoblastrum Peridontolegamon cells can apparently take place throughout the life as evidently as evidenced by the physiological areas of Cemental repair. So the Cemental repair will be happening throughout the life wherever there is loss of tissues happen or resorption happens the Cementoblasts will act and produce new Cementum. So cellular turnover among Cementoblasts is slow compared with that in the osteoblast. So the bone and Cementum are adjacent between these two we have Peridontolegamon. So the turnover rate is comparatively low in Cementum compared to the Alvulabon. Furthermore it appears that Cementoblasts are capable of altering the rate of Cementum deposition. Whereas the Cementocytes, Cementocytes in Lacune and the channels in which their process extents which are known as canalicule. So canalicule are the extended processes Cementocytes are seen in Lacune and the central cell mass may appear round or oval which is having 8 to 15 micrometer and the cytoplasm is padley basophilic and the nucleus is centrally located which has a central nucleus with basophilic cytoplasm. So Cemento enamel junction is another feature we know what is Cemento enamel junction it is the boundary between the tooth crown and root in clinically but anatomically it is a junction between enamel and Cementum. So it has basically 4 types the first type is Cementum overlaps enamel the Cementum overlapping enamel 60% is second one is Cementum meets at a point Cementum and enamel meets at the cervical end and 10% enamel and Cementum does not meet and 1.6% that is the least where the enamel overlaps Cementum that is the least percentage most common is Cementum overlaps enamel. If the Cementum is not meeting enamel there will be exposed dentin because root dentin is covered by Cementum so exposed dentin means there will be chances of hypersensitivity. So CEJ can be located various methods like conventional modified tactile, bivisual method using probes, bite wings, RVG so we can use many probes like fluorida probes, periopropes so many probes are there to locate CEJ. So another junction is Cemento-Dentinal junction so it is a terminal apical areas of Cementum where it joins the internal root dentin is called as Cemento-Dentinal junction okay the apical area of Cementum this is apical area of Cementum where it joins with the internal root dentin so it joins with the internal root dentin is on a Cemento-Dentinal junction. So the nature of CDJ is of particular importance because it forms an interface between two very different mineralized tissues, okay these are the two mineralized tissues, cementum and dentine and it is also of clinical importance because of the processes involved in maintaining tooth function while repairing a deceased root surface. So it is of clinical importance because it has repairing functions involving repairing of a deceased root surface. It is 2 to 3 micrometer. Now let us move on to the functions. We have three basic functions, anchorage, adaptation, repair and resorptions. In anchorage it is to furnish a medium for the attachment of collagen fibers that bind the tooth to the alveolar bone. So the connective tissue attachment to the tooth impossible without cementum, okay so we know that periodontal fibers are giving anchorage. So it is attaching to the cementum. So without connective tissue it is not possible. So in hypophosphatasia where the phosphatasia the element of cementum is missing, loosening and premature loss of anterior deciduous teeth occurs that itself showing that without cement there is no possibility of anchorage and exfoliated teeth are characterized by an almost total absence of cementum, okay. So that is a clinical evidence of cementum and its anchorage. Whereas adaptation the second one it is a continuous deposition of cementum is of functional importance because cementum is not resorbed under normal condition. As most superficial layer of cementum as age increases a new layer is deposited that keeps attachment apparatus intact. So a new layer will be continuously deposited it is happening throughout the life. The repair process it is a major reparative tissue for root surfaces. So damage to roots such as fracture resorption can be repaired by the deposition of new cementum. And resorption of cementum. Cementum although is less susceptible to resorption than bone but it is carried out by multi-nuclear Odentoclast. So sometimes question might ask what is the functions of Odentoclast it is a multi-nuclear to transfer it causes destruction or resorption and may continue into the root ending. So what are the factors of resorption? So we have local factors and systemic factors. Local factors are trauma from occlusion, orthodontic movement, pressure from malaligned erupting teeth, cysts, tumors, teeth without functional antagonist if proper antagonist is not there that also chance of resorption. Embedded teeth replanted and transplanted teeth, periopical and periodontal diseases whereas the systemic factors calcium deficiency it could be due to hypothyroidism, hereditary, fibrous, osteodystrophy, Paget's disease and also could be an idiopathic reason. So cementum resorption appears microscopically as bare like concavities on the root surface so these multi-nucleated giant cells and large mononuclear macrophages they are generally found adjacent to the cementum which is undergoing active resorption. Okay so resorption occurs most commonly in the apical third than middle third and ginger third so here it is a most common site of resorption so it is always associated with multi-nucleated giant cell I said Odentoclast or cementoclast. Now let's see few anomalies we have covered in detail about the anomalies but especially the cementicals so cementicals are small globular masses of cementum which is found approximate in around 35 percentage of foment roots so may not always be attached to cementum surface but may be located in free as a free appearance in paranormal ligament though these may be result from micro-trauma when extra stress on sharpies fibers cause a tear in the cementum and they are more commonly found in the apical and middle third of root and also in root percussion areas and it may develop from calcified epithelial rest and as by specules of cementum or alveolar bone when it is traumatically displaced. Next one is enamel pearl we have seen so in some of the hard week epithelial root sheath cells remain attached to the forming root surface they can produce a focal deposit of enamel that is known as enamel pearl so which is plaque retentive structures which promote periodontal lysis they look like calculus but it is actually enamel pearl which cannot be scaled off we cannot remove it in scaling procedure and some of the abnormalities of cementum we have many abnormalities of most common one is cemental hypoplasia hypoplasia means over functioning so hyper cementosis or cemental hypoplasia it is abnormal thickening of cement there will be large amount of cementum compared to the normal one it is a largely an age-related phenomenon it can be localized one-tooth or maybe generalized affect the entire condition so if the overgrowth improves the functional qualities of cementum it is termed as cemental hypertrophy if the overgrowth occurs in non-functionality or if it is not correlated with increased function it is known as cemental hypoplasia okay so these are different what is cemental hypertrophy and hypoplasia different hypertrophies if the overgrowth improves the functional qualities of cementum that is not a problem it is it is improving its functional quality that is known as hypertrophy but if the overgrowth occurs in a non-functionality or if it is not correlated with increased function that is known as hyposementosis or cemental hypoplasia so it occurs as a generalized thickening of cementum with nodular enlargement of the apical third of the root it also appears in form of spike like cemental spikes created by either the coalescence of cementacles that are added to the root or the calcification of ferrodontal fibers at the site of insertion into the cementum it is usually associated with the situations like teeth without antagonist, teeth with pulpal and periapical infections so hyposementosis of entire condition may be seen in patients with pager's disease so pager's disease is a bone disease that is problem associated with the bone formation so in that case also hyposementosis can be seen in a generalized form so some of the other problems are seen hyposementosis are acromegaly calcinosis thyroid goreter arthritis and treatment is basically does not need any treatment it could pose a problem if an affected tooth requires extraction so if extraction we don't go for a normal extraction instead a surgical extraction is opted cemental eplasia or hypoplasia eplasia may hypoplasia means normal function is not happening so hypophosphatasia there is a absence or paucity of cellular cementum so hypophosphatasia is due to an inborn error of metabolism the basic disorder is a deficiency of enzyme alkaline phosphatase so due to that there is no proper cellular cementum or absence or paucity so this is characterized by loosening and premature exfoliation of deciduous teeth mainly anterior so cemental hypoplasia means there's no proper cementum so this angrage function is impaired so there will be loosening and premature exfoliation so exfoliated teeth microscopically show complete absence of cementum or isolated areas of abnormally formed cement. Cemental tear is another thing that is a detachment of a fragment of cementum is known as cemental tear the last one is ankylosis ankylosis is fusion of cementum and alveolar bone so cementum and alveolar bone will be fused and obliteration of the periodontal ligament space so if periodontal ligament space is not proper there will be fusion so results in resorption of root and and its replacement by bond tissue this condition is uncommon occurs in teeth without cemental resorption and it represents a form of abnormal repair so it can also occur after chronic periapical infection 2-3 implantation occlusal trauma and more common in primary dendition okay so this periodontal ligament space is obliterated so the cementum will be joined with alveolar bone so there will be very problem uh problem facing and extraction so clinically there will not be any physiological mobility and periodontal ligament space is replaced with bone in ankylosis so proprioception is lost teeth have special metallic percation sound so we can make out whether it is ankylosteron on by tapping on the tooth we will get a metallic percation sound so when uh cementum is exposed to the oral environment in cases of gingeral recession there will be and pocket formation there will be hypersensitivity so that's all about uh cementum so we were talking about the cell cemento blasts and cemento sites and we discussed about cemento enamel junction and its four types cemento dental junction and its various functions anchorage adaptation repair and resorption and the developmental anomalies associated with cementum that is cementicals enamel pearls cemental hypoplasia i told you what is hypoplasia and hypotrophy cemental hypoplasia or hyposemintosis cemental eplasia or hypoplasia that is hypophosphatasia and ankylosis so uh these are the short knots like cemento enamel junction is a short knot all these are short knot cementicals enamel pearls hyposemintosis and the functions of cementum and cemento blasts cemento sites are again could be a short knot so i'll come up with our next topic alveolar bone msx sessions hope you understood about the cementum cementum is a little uh small topic compared to our periodontal ligament and ginger but uh questions will be asked in the first session we had seen the cementum and its basic characteristics and the parts of cement that is cellular and cellular cement so i'll come up with alveolar bone in my next session thank you


So, today so we have been actually discussing lot of development, quality, pre-production. So, what I have been talking mostly is once agile ends and when production starts. So, I have been a production, operations, engineer, architect, concerted for last 16 years. So, once the code moves to production what happens? So, I would present that picture and I would be a continuation to show it like show the whole thing of the pre-product. So, now mine is pure product what happens is pure product. So, feel free to stop me in between if you have any questions. So, that is about me what I do yeah. So, like I have been working with local clients for June 500 clients across geographies and across industry verticals finance, banking, retail, services, energy. So, whatever industry verticals you can think of I have covered all. So, that is what is my experience all about. So, currently emerging technologies I have a very keen interest on security, DevOps, AI, IoT, blockchain analytics.  Because end of the day once in developers and QAs, once the developer develops that cutting edge, bleeding edge technology and once the QA tests it properly finally, it is going to get hosted on production. So, that is where I need to be aware of like what is coming, what we finally get hosted on the production which I have to take care which I have to architect for. So, that is where I have keen interest. So, my hobbies are I am a active cyclist, I read a lot of books both technical, non-technical and also I do a lot of traveling. So, that photo that you see there was a solo travel in Orissa.  So, I just had a attiva and I was traveling solo. No friends, no mobile, no internet, nothing. So, just cashing hand, buying and my contact gets it, nothing else. So, that is the photo from there. So, typically when you are in a group, you have group dynamics, somebody wants to do something. When you are solo, you do whatever you want. But again, you do not want to act like that. And if you happen still, you are not. Next. So, that is my LinkedIn link, anybody wants to connect. So, this is a very interesting video, whether it is play or not, I am not sure. Ok, it does not play. So, actually I will just tell you briefly about the video. So, this video actually compares how formula 1 race used to be when formula 1 started. Like a pit stop for a formula 1 car back when it started in 1960-70s, used to take a lot of time. And currently the formula 1 pit stop takes like few seconds. So, that is what the video is all about. So, again it will not play. So, that is what is agility. So, how the world is becoming agile from all perspective, not only software and hardware, even the normal lives have become agile, that is what the video is doing. So, that is what pace of change is becoming in our economy is accelerating very fast. That is what everybody has to pace up. So, when the developer is developing fast and when the QA is also testing fast, then the production team also has to be ready to deploy it into production fast. So, that is the way to where we are also getting into the agile way. Or else all the cold, all the latest cutting edge code you develop sits in pre product. It does not be production, it is not ready for production. So, same thing. So, as you may have noticed in the last like maybe 10-20 years there has been lot of changes. So, at some point in time in IT. So, currently all the people who are here. So, how many of you are on cloud? So, rest are not on cloud. So, how many of you here have a Gmail account? Anybody who does not use Gmail? So, let me just tell you, everybody knowing you or unknowing you is on cloud. So, the Gmail that you use, the Facebook that you use, anything everything in our life hits cloud. In some way or the other. How many, one more poll I want to do. How many people here feel is mainframe not dead? Or mainframes will be dead in the next 5-10 years? Like containers will take over. Anybody who feels mainframe will be dead in next 5-10 years? Rest are free, mainframe is going to be there? Ok, a reality check. Currently, any 19 transactions you do, any credit card you process, 95% of those transactions are processed by a mainframe somewhere in the world. So, mainframes are still there, they will remain.  So, IBM still exists and still also all the people who work on mainframes, it is not going to die soon. It is just a reality check. Ok, software is hitting the world, everybody knows this guy, I do not know him. So, we are in 2018. So, mostly what we do is, whenever we present, we give data of 20-25. And 20-20, 20-30, if I am not doing that, I am putting 20-18, we are in 20-18. So, we can actually check whether this is correct or not. So, here it says that one third of the top 20 market share leaders will be disrupted by the third platform. So, what is the third platform? So, this is the third platform. So, all of this is impacting anyways, isn't it? All of the companies. So, Uber everybody knows how it is disrupted the taxi industry. And all taxis now are forced to join Uber, there is no choice. Or else there is no business. So, does Uber own any taxi? So, means just a hypothetical situation. Let us say Uber decides to close down in India. What will be the exact time frame of Uber? Any idea? Any guesses? Any guesses? Means how will it take one year, two years, five years, six months? Any guesses? If Uber decides to close down in India, I will give an answer. It is just a one thing. All the legal procedures done, they will switch off their servers which are on the cloud. The app stops working game over. They don't only need taxis, all their offices are rented, their office space are rented. So, that's it. The exit is so easy because of the third platform. So, they own nothing. Only the app is this. Okay. This is the odd sea or so. I need not say more. So, it's talking more about DevOps. So, I don't want to spend much time on DevOps because we have been listening to DevOps since yesterday. Everybody knows what is DevOps. So, I will focus more on Ops. Okay. So, typically my presentation was mostly for the Ops crowd. So, I speak in conferences where there are more like storage experts, network experts and cloud experts. So, they want to know more about the depth. So, here I will talk more about Ops. So, that's how everybody is aware. That's how is the industry leader, third party like analysis company. So, they have come up with a very nice model. This is called a life model. So, currently only if you are new to its startup, then you are completely on cutting reading edge technology. Rest if you are a large enterprise with a lot of legacy and a lot of technical net. So, you would be running my model. So, your old applications which are still running good, you will not re-factor them. You will not take your application which is running nice without a single day or single minute downhill. You will not convert it into a container because there is no business sense out of it. Because it is working fine. So, let it work. Whatever new I have developed today for the social platform, for the artificial intelligence platform, that will be on the new platform. So, that is what is my model. This is the model that all enterprise in the company. So, this is very very critical. So, you can read whatever is written. Yeah. So, reliability and compliance is what ITIL is. So, ITIL is a predominant is operation framework, which is the operations world for us. Development and best environment don't follow ITIL. So, DevOps is what the development and QA follow. So, this is the start difference between both. So, reliability compliance and rapid development. So, here adding on to the DevOps. There is a very critical component security. So, since today morning, I think so if some of you attended the hacking or the hacker event where a Bluetooth device can be hacked, IOP device can be hacked. So, security is a very critical component. So, I have been very active in many security forums. So, what I predominantly feel is that the developer and the QA community are not that much exposed to security aspects of any forum. So, what I would urge all my developer and QA friends out here also have security in mind. Because if your code has vulnerability, those will be exploited very easily. So, because definitely once you need productions, there are security experts who will check the security aspects of things. But however, code vulnerabilities are tough to detect. So, that is what I feel that a security aspect should be there to DevOps. So, I know everybody knows this. I will not discuss this further. What is DevOps? So, DevOps everybody has their own perspective. Depends on what background you are coming from. So, that is an elephant for all the people. So, this is the actual scenario. So, when we say DevOps, DevOps are never friends. So, anybody here who, how many people here from Dev, Dev QA? How many people ops? Only one or just a few. So, do DevOps like each other? Do they love each other? Do they go on outing and not the company paid outing? Personal outing, do they go together? Do they go like on Friday night, drink parties and all? They hate each other to the core. It is the company which keeps them together. That is what is DevOps. So, I have been ops. I always fight to the death. Your code cannot be deployed. This is the problem. This is the challenge. This is the security problem. This particular code is open. This is in something or the other. Something latest not approved. This version not approved. So, all that is the constant fight going on. So, this is the actual scenario. So, difference is that developers want freedom. They want to try everything new. Whatever comes on open source, whatever comes on GitHub, they want to incorporate everything into their code. And operations, they want to everything. They want standardized, secure and managed environment. They do not want any troubles. No downtime. So, that is the reason. Operation guys always run n minus 1, n minus 2. Whatever is the latest release, it will be always n minus 1. You will wait for the patches to come, for the update fixes to come. Then only we will deploy. So, same things I will do one. Conversations. So, basically we have to enable communication between both. Both have to talk to each other. That is very, very critical in DevOps and with trust. In the developer should trust the operations. That an operation should also trust the developer. That both are working for the same application. They are not like two different teams. So, this is what is the photo shows. And we have to develop a pattern of playing together. So, when we are in a sprint, we are working for the deadline for the sprint. So, again we have to strike a balance. And finally, this is like ideal state when you are sharing and you know each other's pain and you are helping each other resolve the problems. And then comes honeycomb. So, this is the what you call as soviet criteria told that is a dream state. So, this is I do not know which companies actually have it. In reality. So, on paper everybody is doing it, but on reality I do not know. Now, we want to upside. So, majority of the budget in operations is spent on operations which is keeping the lights on, maintenance, keeping the lights on. That is 80 percent of the budget is built in. So, there is no budget left for any innovation or trying out new things in operations. So, how IT evolved? So, here anybody has worked in Waterfall? You people, good. So, then some people know what is the difference. So, when there was Waterfall, all applications were working here and here in physical servers and all company had their own data centers. And all Dev and QA had their own server farms. Nobody can touch their servers. The servers keep running for years together. There is 0.1 percent activity of that server when the test is done, the rest of the time it is just powered on. That is where I am coming from. So, I have had those servers as well. So, that is the reason I have put it. So, that is why I came to Ajay. Ajay made it multi-tier, virtual servers and from your own data center you went to a co-located data center. Like somebody else in the data center hosted. So, you host on there and you pay rent. Like how you pay your rent for your house. You pay rent for a data center. That is called hosted. Then came DevOps and microservices and containers and so on. So, currently we are here. However, there are many companies, many applications which are still in the top one in the middle one and they are transitioning. So, once those applications die then the new applications will follow the latest trend. So, same thing pretty much. So, these are few like sample architectures from operations once they are deployed. So, first one is just a waste with the app. Second one has virtual machines and third one has got containers. So, three types. So, typically what happens is previously everything was a silo. Like I have an application. I have my server, my storage, my network. So, I have budget for my application. So, I will buy stuff for mine. So, that used to be the case. So, even if I am using it 20% unless 80% I will not share it in any other application because this is my budget. This is my server. That used to be the case type. So, then came the demand with agile DevOps, elasticity, flexibility, rapid deployment and to reduce complexity. This was the demand. So, as I told you, server, storage, networking, power and traditional IT then came virtualization and converging infrastructure. So, I will be discussing converging infrastructure going forward. And then came flash storage. So, everybody can understand what is a flash? Who doesn't understand? Anybody knows the solid state device SSV? So, flash is the operations term for SSV. It is capable of high performance. And then you also have hyperconverged infrastructure now when what happens is the compute storage and the network can be on a single rack. In a data center you have racks. So, on a single rack you get a compute storage. That is a hyperconverged. And then also there is orchestration and automation. So, orchestration and automation will actually reduce manual effort. Will reduce system administrator, database administrator, network administrator who are manually configuring new systems, updating patches. So, all those aspects can be automated. You do orchestration and automation. And then anyways agile infrastructure is the end state where you are truly agile. So, this is typically the architecture that you see. That is like a very complicated architecture. Everything now can be done on a single rack. That is what I wanted to do. And then there is a very interesting concept network function virtualization and software different networking. I know there was a session before me. If anybody attended that. So, physical network devices are getting converted into virtual machines. The virtual machines will actually do the network router, network switch, load balancer, firewall, all these activities will be virtualized. So, that is what is software different networking and network function virtualization. That will bring in a lot of cost optimization because hardware devices from proprietary vendors are very very expensive. This will bring in a very cost effectiveness. So, again I will skip through. Because I don't have much time. I won't be able to explain the whole architectures. So, benefits I already covered. That lower capex and optics. Capital expense and operating expenses in operations. So, virtual machines, how they were. And containers. This everybody knows. So, I will not spend any more time on this. Everybody knows what is the difference. So, main benefit of containers in a operations world is that wherever they find a Docker environment, they can run. That's the. And they can run on pretty much everything. Any of these environment which can run a Docker layer can post a container. That's the benefit from operations point of view. For a container. Yeah. So, Lidards, Windows, Mainframe, Amazon, Azure, any more. So, whichever offers a container service, they can run there. That's the beauty. So, you have can go anywhere. They are not hide down to a particular like it has to be on a Lidards box. It has to be on a Windows box. So, all those dependencies are lost. So, you can move between infrastructures. Okay. That is the beauty that I see with containers. But however for containers applications have to be containerized. In the sense it has to be Microsoft services based and your traditional SAP Oracle, they cannot get into containers. All that still problems still exist. So, scale up, scale up everybody knows. You increase the memory CPU storage or you increase the number of nodes, put it on a load balancer and scale up, scale down or scale up, scale in. Then comes automation as I told. So, automation, what happens is every team is doing their own automation. Database team has got their own scripts and server team has got their own scripts. Everybody is running their own automation. So, those are called like islands of automation. Then we have those new automations where multiple team automations are tied together using orchestra. So, they are like of this flow. So, that is the idle script, orchestrate. Where everything is interlinked and everything moves in a flow and gives you the desired result without any manual automation. Full automation. So, again I will skip through. This is showcasing the various areas which can be automated together using orchestrate. So, what are different tools from disparate vendors. So, no enterprise has a single vendor policy that I will only have IBM or Red Hat or HP or whatever. They have products from all over. So, orchestrators which can actually automate things across the board are required for effective automation. That is what is being highlighted. So, this is a used case. Again I have very less time. I won't run through it. It is an end-to-end automation for a process where a person used to take maybe few hours to do it. Now it will be executed in a matter of seconds. So, with this is the infrastructure problem solved? No, because if you are building your own infrastructure, own server, own network, own storage, very complicated as you can see. So, this is just a diagram. If you see a data-centered architecture diagram, you will fall off. It is so complicated. So, you need some guy who understands everything big. And on that also there are chances of errors. If there is any error, the entire performance latency everything goes in for a time. Ok, it is very complex. So, then comes cloud. So, now everybody knows that cloud is like solution to all problem. All problem in this world, any issues you face just put it on cloud. And cloud gonna take care. So, just a reality check again just like the main frame. So, yeah, so there is no single cloud which can meet like all other requirements. Clouds, there are different types of cloud, different varieties of cloud based on the different workloads, based on the different use cases, industry verticals. So, that expertise is where a cloud consultant architect practitioner brings in on the table. He knows it. He can help you like it. So, this everybody knows they are not covered IS, SPAS and SAS. So, here comes different types of open source and some vendor cloud platforms. So, I will just skip through. So, which cloud to go to? Is it Amazon? Is it Azure? Is it Google Cloud? So, that is the question. So, why you want to go to cloud? And what is the workload that you want to go to cloud? All that questions have to be asked before we can decide which cloud suits you. There is no single answer. So, developers might prefer Amazon cloud or whatever. If it is a Docker developer, he will go to Azure cloud. If he loves Google, he will go to Google cloud. But operations doesn't work that way. Operations have different parameters to use the cloud platform for deploying production apps. So, these are various types of cloud computing patterns for production. So, how the burst comes, what is the load. So, accordingly we take a call, we decide. So, which workload goes where? This is a very, very critical component in cloud architecture and cloud server. So, SAP can go where? Oracle can go where? Because enterprise apps are typically not, they have got a vendor component involved. Because there is a lot of stringent SLA sign, there is a lot of penalty clauses those are signed between vendors and clients. So, hence these applications has to be decided. Which particular cloud platform is this? So, traditional IT, cloud data, already I have covered the buy model. This is into more details. So, benefits of cloud everybody knows, I have not covered. So, there is no capping, no upfront buying of anything. You pay as you go, like your mobile bill, like your electricity bill. But you have to be careful, because the bill can be very high as well. Scale up down, you can scrap rate I think. So, once you boosted your application on cloud platform, how much time will it take to move to a different cloud platform? Let us say they offered you 50% discount. Is it as simple as your mobile event things? I can move from attempt to whatever you said to us. This is okay. So, depends on your application landscape, depends on the count of servers, virtual machines, containers, complexity. It can take years for large enterprises to move from one cloud platform to another. It is a huge, huge effort. So, serverless, everybody tell me about serverless? Many people don't know. So, serverless, I just added few points here. Because current needs to trend now that all ops guys will be fired, and ops won't exist any further. There will be only developer and servers. That's the new thing coming in. So, I don't have much time to go detail into it. So, serverless is more like a function call. So, if your application can do only function calls and rely on function calls only, then you don't need any to manage any server, anything, neither in Amazon nor in Azure, nor in private cloud, nor anywhere. You just consume the function calls, pay for the function calls, that's it. So, your virtually means the ops is eliminated. No more fights, no more fights between developers. So, these are few of the benefits. Again, I have last few minutes. But the challenge in vendor working, do you feel that once you move on to a particular cloud platform, you have vendor work? Or do you feel that now you are free to move out immediately? Function as a service, our serverless is tied to that particular like vendor. You cannot immediately port your port, your port doesn't work. So, all these security is a major challenge, enterprises is going to move. So, again from operations point of view, high availability is very, very good. We sign legal contracts on high availability, scalability and monitoring. So, this is infrastructure, it's already covered. So, this is all DevOps stuff, it's covered. These are few of the sample like architectures for few industries, just like a 10,000 feet away. That's a, this one was the insurance industry on Oracle. This is healthcare, VDI and this is for online vendor work. So, that's it. So, any questions? Then please feel free to ask. Anything on operations? What has happened? Okay, thank you. Lightning talks will be happening in campus through this place in 5 to 10 minutes. Please don't forget to tweet. Please do put in your feedback and then we'll come to the side.


I don't usually pay much attention to Hollywood award shows like The Golden Globes or The Oscars, but I'm going to make an exception for one of this year's Academy Award nominees for best film, The Trial of the Chicago Seven. Written and directed by Aaron Sorkin and starring Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Eddie Redmayne, John Carol Lynch, Mark Rylance, and Sasha Baron Cohen, the movie is based on a true story. Sorkin sets the stage with incredible efficiency. 1968, different groups of activists with different agendas all descend on the Democratic National Convention to protest the Vietnam War. Protesters clash with Chicago police and the National Guard. The question is, who started the fight? Were you hoping for a confrontation with the police? I'm concerned you have to think about it. Give me a moment, would you friend? I've never been on trial for my thoughts before. The movie, and the actual trial, involves eight men, more on that later, accused of a national conspiracy to come to Chicago and incite a ***. The accused maintained they had simply come to protest the Vietnam War peacefully and that it was the Chicago police who had instigated the violence. But what was really on trial was the credibility of the anti-war movement in the United States. This is a political trial that was already decided for us. Ignoring that reality is just weird to me. There's no big dramatic turn or Perry Mason moment in the film. It's all a matter of historical record to begin with. But there will be some spoilers ahead. So with that warning out of the way, smash that like button and grab your suit jacket because we are cross-examining a brilliant courtroom drama on this short edition of Out of Frame. Before we jump into the themes and ideas of the movie, let's back up a moment and get some context. The history of the United States military intervention in Vietnam is longer and more complicated than many people realize and can be traced back to the French occupation of the country. But there was a tipping point in 1964 over the alleged torpedoing of the USS Maddox by the North Vietnamese communists in the Gulf of Tonkin. This led Congress to grant President Johnson the power to take all necessary measures including the use of armed force against any aggressor in Vietnam. So Johnson initiated a new military draft conscripting young men to go fight overseas. The conflict was brutal with around 60,000 US soldiers killed and more than 300,000 injured over the course of the war. The casualty rate rivaled World War II, but the rate of amputations and other crippling wounds was three times higher. With no clearly defined enemy or goals and shockingly bad publicity as a result of morally derelict actions taken by US military units caught on camera, Vietnam was not a popular war. So, in 1968, a strange confluence of hippies, conscientious objectors, progressive college students, civil rights activists and pro-communist organizations converged at protests all over the country. And as the conflict escalated ahead of the presidential election, anti-war leaders saw the Democratic National Convention in Chicago as the perfect opportunity to get more national attention. On the other hand, the last thing Mayor Richard Daley wanted was a disruption in the city during his party's convention. Unfortunately for him, at this point I want to draw your attention to the First Amendment. I know, we've been talking about this a lot lately, and that's for some very good reasons. But the First Amendment covers more than just freedom of speech. Relevant to our discussion here is the bit about the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. In this situation, the group involved did what they were supposed to do. They informed the city that they were coming and what they intended to do. They wanted to peacefully assemble, as is their constitutionally protected right. They were denied on what may already have been unconstitutional grounds. But despite the lack of official permission, multiple groups showed up to protest the war anyway and the government treated them like an invading army. Mayor Daley brought in more than 13,000 U.S. Army and National Guard troops to support the 12,000 police officers who are already there. And everyone seemed to be looking for a fight. As I've said repeatedly on this series, I strongly condemn anyone who initiates force against other people. And I have little use for protesters or police who come to a demonstration and promote or engage in violence. But when the government restricts people's ability to exercise one of their most fundamental rights and then responds with aggressive displays of force, well, that's how you get riots. So while this isn't a defense of anyone's actions, the resulting conflict just seems so predictable. In the trial of the Chicago Seven, we see the event through flashbacks and voiceover in the form of Abbey Hoffman's stand-up routine, a combination that sounds like it shouldn't work but is actually incredibly effective. And of course, there's the trial itself. The federal government accused Yippies, Abbey Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, socialist pacifist David Dellinger, students for a Democratic society leaders Tom Hayden and Renny Davis, radical activist John Froyns and Lee Weiner, and Black Panther Party founder Bobby Seal, of conspiracy to incite a riot and a litany of other crimes. Problem is, very few of them had ever met and their various factions didn't actually get along. And in Bobby Seal's case, he wasn't even in Chicago for 24 hours, having spoken at a rally and left before the riot began. Seal was eventually dropped from the list of defendants due to the court's disgraceful and repeated violation of his right to an attorney at the hands of Julius Hoffman, an incompetent and openly biased judge. And look, this is Aaron Sorkin. This movie is not a faithful representation of the court proceedings, but if anything, from a fairness and human rights perspective, some of the worst aspects of the trial were probably watered down. It's one of the most notorious trials in recent history, and in 1972 an appeals court reversed all of the guilty verdicts on the grounds that Judge Hoffman improperly excluded evidence and testimony, failed to examine the jury's biases, and gave instructions to the jury without notifying the defense. In the words of the Seventh Circuit Court of Appeals, the demeanor of the judge and the prosecutors would require reversal, even if errors did not. This movie makes me angry, and keeps me angry, but it demonstrates why equality under the law is so important. I don't agree with the politics or political solutions proposed by students for a democratic society. I don't condone the flexible morality of Abbie Hoffman and his yippies. I definitely don't support the militant communist beliefs of the Black Panther Party, but I don't support police brutality or corrupt politicians either, and they were as much to blame for the violence as anyone on trial. Perhaps the only thing that all the defendants believed that I do agree with is that the Vietnam War was a bad idea and that military conscription is deeply immoral. But even that shouldn't matter. The state was not able to prove that they committed any kind of conspiracy to incite a riot simply by showing up to speak and protest in Chicago during the Democratic National Convention, and what was done to those men in that courtroom was unacceptable. Everyone deserves a fair and impartial trial. Everyone also has the right to peacefully assemble and tell the government what they think it's doing wrong. Everyone, without exception. The protection and defense of the rights to peaceful association and expression are not and should not be conditional on whether or not you or I agree with how those rights are used. So, for the state to deny the rally and organize a massive military and police force intended to keep them from exercising their rights was inexcusable from the beginning, no matter how popular the decision was with Mayor Daley, the Democratic Party, and Chicago voters. For me, individual rights are not up for debate. If you believe that you should be allowed to speak freely, peacefully protest what you feel is intolerable and be guaranteed a fair and impartial trial if you're accused of doing something wrong, then you must stand up for those rights for everybody. If you only take one lesson from the trial of the Chicago Seven, I hope that's the one. Hey everybody, thanks for watching this episode of Out of Frame. If you want to learn more about this subject, I would recommend the 1987 documentary Conspiracy, The Trial of the Chicago Eight, which you can find on Amazon Prime Video if you're interested. Let me know what you think about this episode and the movie in the comments. And if you want to join us in an even broader discussion, we'd love to have you join us on Discord. Our server has been growing incredibly quickly and we'd love to see you there. Also, check out our Behind the Scenes podcast. We talk about a lot of movies, shows, books, and other things that don't necessarily make it into Out of Frame. It comes out every Friday, but supporters on Patreon and Subscribestar get early access, special bonus content, and access to an exclusive channel in our Discord server. The links to that and everything else I mentioned are in the description below. As always, please like this video and ring that bell icon to get notifications for the channel and share this video with your friends. I'll see you next time.


So I'm here at the World Transformed with Ann Pettifall, the director of Prime Economics and she's just done a wonderful talk panel and a wonderful panel. And just picking up on something that you mentioned earlier about the potential limits of Corbyn government or rather the problems that it can encounter, what do you think to people who are talking about the potential for a repeat of an IMF crisis as it's been a scare story that's been spun in the right wing media to some extent? And what we have to recognise is that we're in a very different world than back in the 1970s and we're in a world where actually the IMF is arguing that governments should spend, that they should invest and that they should end austerity and not just the IMF, the OECD and other big institutions. So it's a very different world. In a funny way, those guys want a Labour government and want a Labour government to do something to restore the economy. The economies have not recovered since the crisis. They're still below the rate of economic activity that existed before the crisis. Incomes are 6% or even more than that below what they were before the crisis and that is depressing economic activity, not just in Britain but around the world. So I don't feel that there's the same threat from the IMF and also we are an autonomous country to a degree. We have got our own central bank and our own institutions and our institutions are good and sound. Public institutions, taxpayer backed institutions. So I don't feel there's going to be that sort of threat. There may be a threat of capital flight but again capital is desperate for somewhere to invest that's going to be safe and sound and generate income and activity and so in many ways they're waiting for a government that's willing to invest and spend. So how do we combat that threat of a capital flight? I don't think we can. I think we have to present an economic strategy that people think is viable and I have to say that John is often described as a Marxist but I think John is being very kind of mainstream with these economics and very sensible and very straightforward. I don't think that there's anything really to worry to frighten the horses. That's not to say that there won't be. I'm not saying that but I do think that these markets need a sound government. I remember working on Russia when Russia defaulted on its debts and everybody said this would be the end of the world and no the markets were glad that the debts had been cleared and they all piled back in there because what they want is sound opportunities to invest and to generate income and that's what a Labour government has to give them. So you focus in your strategy a lot on the value of wages the fact that we have to increase the minimum wage and that has a positive multiplier effect by increasing demand because there's this enormous sort of dearth of demand in the global economy and we completely agreed on that but isn't there an extent to which that kind of increase in wages can drive automation that sort of puts that deal somewhat on the rock? Yes, well the point is how much work can actually be automated. There's a great deal of work that cannot be done by machines caring for old people with old timers, creating works of art, teaching children, teaching skills to students. This cannot be done by robots basically but I have a problem with all this talk of robots and robotic and AI it assumes that their limitless amounts of steel, minerals, rare earths you know the rare earths that we use in our iPhones and that are going to be needed to drive these robots come from the Congo and there's finite amounts of those rare earths and even now taking them out their conflict minerals they're called is really expensive and hard but they come to an end there's only a certain amount of that so I think this is delusional about how we can all become a robotic culture when actually we're always going to need human labour. Thank you.


Days have noticed we've started to get increase in our media presence and we ask that you maintain that distance to help us out Thank you All right, for my media affiliates if it's this lab for the for the local mic is that going to disrupt you guys? We're trying to get it to wear on the live feed for Twitter. It's loud enough to where the folks at home can hear Is that gonna be all right for you? Committed to an incident somewhere in the state of California at this exact moment With that we have 95 aircraft assigned to incidents in California Those include helicopters and fixed wing aircrafts that includes the 747 all the way down to the smaller tankers and helicopters In in that air operations program across the state since August 15th We've dropped 2.4 million gallons of retardant in California on this siege An additional 2.5 million gallons of water at the same time The the firefight now includes the California National Guard with 11 helicopters assigned to the lightning siege in the state As well as 12 specific hand crews much needed hand crews from the California National Guard With 216 people assigned to help in that firefight Right at this moment We have 60 engines from out of state in California assisting us and we have an additional 26 engines from other states Inbound to California And with that at the same time other emergencies still go on in the past week since this immersion or these emergencies have started We have responded as cal far to over 12,500 new emergencies In that same time period just want to start out and give some context to what's going on in the state before we Talked specifically to San Mateo Santa Cruz Tonight here in the San Mateo Santa Cruz Lightning complex we can confirm that we're now up to 74,000 acres that have burned with 8% containment Additionally, there are still 24,000 structures that are threatened on this fire And we can confirm an increase in the number of structures that have been destroyed 163 structures is where we stand this evening That number broken down is 152 structures destroyed in Santa Cruz County and 11 in San Mateo County The good news is that we have additional personnel coming in We tonight this evening we're up to 1511 personnel assigned to the incident and obviously that is very very helpful With that I'd like to pass it off for an operational briefing from cal fire incident management team three operation section chief Good evening So another very successful day in our firefighting efforts The weather has been cooperating with us even with the adverse weather has been predicted Our troops have gotten with the program and really put in a lot of hard work and efforts So I'll just take you around the map and show you what we've been able to accomplish Just for the past couple days with this favorable weather So around the top part in what we call division golf and kilo We have a really good line established there That it helps protect this part for this top part of the fire for Progressing so that's that's really really good We either fully constructed or in the process of constructing and improving a line that that runs all along the highway nine quarter On this part of the fire the easternmost part of the fire And so they're making really good progress with that whether it be everything from our dozer line to our hand crew hand crew lines All along that area So that'll be a work in progress over the next couple days Not only with the initial line, but improving it and putting in what we call contingency or secondary lines For that area to protect those communities Boulder Creek and loman and thalton itself Along the south we have our Control line that we established a couple days ago that runs between highway one highway nine That's still a good line and we're improving that line and have put in a secondary line behind that That is being completed as we speak should be completed this evening. So that's Really good for the community of santa cruz and the uc campus Along the coastline again at the the weather's moderated the fire spread So community damp or still looking really good We're continuing to work on that that control line as well as well as our communities in the north such as pescadero And interior and the community of bonny tune. We've continued to improve i do spot controls of the fire Working around the structures the variety of structures that are in there And as we get more of the resources we're able to put more of them to work in that area To improve in our control efforts within the bonny tune community Speaking next from one of our unified incident command agencies from the santa cruz county sheriff's office is chief deputy clerk So I wish I had good news for you. I wish I could report on something positive But I can't Today we recovered a decedent a fire victim From the area of last chance You know, this is something I don't want to be standing up here Nor does our office want to be recovering people that are victims of fire We got in this job to help people This is a very Very dark. I think it's one of the one of the darkest periods we've been in it been in with this fire Uh John okay, so Today I and I want to speak to kind of the effort to recover this decedent and I really got us.  We we needed a helicopter literally to get to the area Sorry for everybody. We'll uh, we'll get inside somewhere the rain amazingly has started here in santa cruz county So we'll take a break. All right. We'll try this again The bad news is our press conference got interrupted and moved the good news is we're getting precipitation on the fire right now Uh, again, we'll take it. Uh, we wanted to introduce from the santa cruz county sheriff's office chief Deputy chief park. So as I was saying earlier, um, and you know Kind of ironic. I'm up here telling you that this is the darkest day in this fire so far Where I I'm telling you we we've recovered a decedent and we get rain. Um, kind of kind of uh, unbelievable frankly um And so that that's what unfortunately happened today At the end of last chance road Last chance heavily fire damaged impassable Uh, and it actually took a helicopter Uh to get our folks in there To recover this person and so unfortunately that was the task That our office that our office was involved in Throughout the middle middle portion this afternoon Uh, we recovered a 70 year old man. We've identified this person But we're waiting on next of kin and notifying them before before I release his release his name In terms of other activities for us, it was kind of a little more the same with A few updates and a few highlights So for one again touching on burglary suppression. That's we we did that throughout the day We did that with a total of 61 staff We also conducted a number of welfare checks. We did 11 of those today and we responded to 28 suspicious person calls But I want to touch on you know Some activity that we had earlier today and kind of give you an idea of really Kind of what our deputies are are seeing at times out there now So this afternoon in felton our deputies attempted to initiate it did initiate a traffic stop of of a vehicle And it appeared that Another vehicle was was with this other car That we were trying to stop either way we stopped both of them For being in a closed evacuation area And upon further investigation we discovered A number of things that were super concerning to us one five firearms including Our six firearms rather including one assault rifle A bunch of ammunition a bunch of magazines stolen property And drug paraphernalia and so those five people those five people were arrested and taken to jail And charged with you know a litany of different charges from weapons violations to drug charges stolen property as I mentioned And and obviously being in a closed area Uh, and then some of those folks were fermented out of the area And so that's kind of what we've been seeing with these folks that we've been contacted Who have really no business being here either. They've been evacuated already Uh and coming back for the purposes of doing harm Or uh, they're from out of the area coming to do the same thing Uh, we also contacted a person today, uh in the evacuated area. We arrested him He had a warrant and then we cited somebody else and again, you know Speaking to this area being closed and our efforts to maintain that closure and free up the roads and provide Opportunity for Cal Fire to fight this fire. That's what we're doing And so in this case, we cited somebody who they were returning Trying to return back to their home and we get it. We absolutely get it But it again, we you know having the roads clear for Cal Fire to be able to do their job is is About most important And then it also leaves us the ability to be able to to focus on the people that are out there Doing what we don't want them to do So this person we we ended up receiving a citation for being in a closed evacuation area And we have supported him out In terms of missing persons cases this decedent that we recovered was one of the missing persons cases I've reported to you earlier That was one of the two we uh, we have three more today And we'll be vetting those and going through them. Like I said, we we have detectives that are committed to going through these cases Until we're absolutely certain where these people are. So today that we that this grew to three Um in terms of cell phones so in terms of cell phones. So for those people that are choosing to remain in their homes You know, we encourage you to evacuate. You just don't know what the weather's going to do Grant we got rain right now, which is a great thing But if if something changes the wind changes or what how do you it leads to rescue and obviously it divides our resources But if you're going to stay in the evacuated area, I want you to know that Cell service is extremely sporadic. I mean throughout the valley And so if you needed help if you know if we have to reach out to you because reverse 911 Or we have to somehow or if your family needs to get in touch with you They're not going to have that opportunity because cell service is down right now Like granted Verizon is working on that so they're working on that today Hopefully they'll be able to fix it if something else changes that might not happen and then AT&T if you have that service They're working on it tomorrow that could take some time I say that because If you needed help tonight, you might not be able to make a phone call So it's important to be able to heed the evacuation warning and leave those evacuation areas Uh, I want to touch on scams. I touched on that this morning So again, it's unfortunate There's people out there that are that are looking to take advantage of you if you've evacuated and so These scams are going to continue And so you might get a phone call I mentioned this morning if you didn't hear that you may get a phone call It could be somebody claiming to be from PG&E It could be somebody saying that hey, it's you know, we're here to fix your gas line or whatever And they may and they may tell you that's going to cost An amount of money and we'll be there and and then there's this gift card angle There's a whole lot of different angles these folks use to be able to rouse people and to give it a money And so unfortunately it happens You know in other in other times I've seen people unfortunately lose you know thousands of dollars to these folks So please if you get a phone call from a utility from a utility company Or or someone that says they're with us nobody's going to ask for money over the phone And definitely nobody's going to ask you for gift cards over the phone. That's typically what how these things work On somewhat of a positive note The county has developed a free hotel program And so I want I want to be able to direct people because I uh because frankly we You know we can we can empathize that in a time like we're in today with covid and everything else that's going on You know having resources for people to utilize to be able to find a place to sleep Uh, it is vitally important that and and and frankly we know people are hurting So here's a resource for people if they're looking for free for free lodging It's and it's and I've mentioned this website. I believe last night santa Cruz county dot us forward slash fire resources That's uh, santa Cruz county dot us forward slash fire resources And uh, they developed this not only the county of santa Cruz developed this not only with the thought in mind That people needed a place to sleep But also recognizing that sleeping outside just isn't healthy in a fire environment I mean, uh, it's extremely smoky throughout the county And so sleeping outside just may not be good for people's health So if you need free housing and definitely we you know, it's healthier to sleep indoors and it is outside Look at that website And then lastly The city of watsonville has set up a community donation center and that's at 114 walker street In the city of watsonville. So that's 114 walker street In watsonville and that donation center is open monday to friday 8 to 8 for folks who who want to donate supplies And other things for people that have been displaced. Thank you speaking next from the san matel County sheriff's office is detective blanksway For 72 county, we are seeing some scams popping up of people claiming to be fire victims They've lost their houses or they need some kind of funding to assist them with Recovering from this we ask that you do your due diligence to look into whether or not these scams are real One of the scams we saw this person had already raised $22,000 So do what you can to try to That these go fund me accounts and do that you can to save your heart and monday Any changes that we have in weather or conditions for the san matel county and coastline We'll update you through our social media platforms as well as smc alert and the sheriff's office. That's all we have. Thank you Speaking next from cal fire incident management team three incident commander billy c Hey, good evening Obviously it's been a tragic day Finding a civilian fatality out there on any incident strategy And you know on behalf of team three cal fire and all the Corporate agencies, you know our our condolences out to the family of the deceased Today was a good day on the fire line The weather has been moderated for us The humanities have come up and has allowed the firefighting personnel out on the ground to make significant headway In developing containment lines around this incident Over the next few hours we anticipate additional personnel Showing up on the incident along with additional engines, which will bolster our firefighting force on the ground tomorrow Obviously, we're still under a red flag warning. It's been decreased until five p.m. Tomorrow night And we have moisture coming in right now, which will benefit the firefighter in effort on the ground But we'll watch closely throughout the night and into tomorrow to see if we have any lightning activity with it As we continue throughout the week The weather pattern is going to diminish And what the predictions right now will remain that the humidity levels will come up The recovery at night will increase which will allow our firefighting personnel to gain significant headway As long as we don't have any significant winds with the weather pattern So to close like I said our hearts go out to the family's deceased And the firefighters will continue to put their best foot forward to contain this incident promise. Thank you And our final speaker cal fire San Mateo Santa Cruz unit unit chief larkin Good evening. Uh, I just want to reiterate and uh state that uh, yes our condolences go out to the family of the citizen that lost his life in this fire Um, it's just a start to reminder of those that still remain in the area that uh, this fire has become deadly And I just want to reiterate to those that are still out in the communities That we have a weather pattern coming in that's unpredictable We are seeing a little bit of moisture with it, but we don't know how much moisture we're going to get We do not know if we're going to get lightning or not We don't know what the wind speeds are actually going to be in and around the fire There still has potential to be a devastating situation for those that remain in that fire area I had an opportunity today to go out on the line and just view a little bit more of the fire area And uh, it's pretty devastating the amount of Destruction that has occurred not only in our watershed, but to the residents in the communities here in Santa Cruz county It's just a start reminder of where we live we live in the mountains. We live in the rural areas and Though it hasn't happened here ever It has happened here now so Moving forward the troops are doing a great job out there Making progress with the resources that we have at scene and as we continue to get new resources in The team will be doing the allocation to make sure those resources are put in there in the most advantageous way to Get the production that we need to get this fire under control. Thank you Just a few items to note before we take any questions Two questions have come up about the damage inspection process We have there's 12 damage inspection teams out there now looking at the damage and destroyed structures They are being hindered by all of the trees that are down in the roadway all of the Kind of holes that are down the wires on the ground So it's just taking time to get in those deep canyons Some of which are still smoldering and hot and And still have fire in them. So there will be increases in those numbers It's just going to take some time for our our damage inspection teams to get in there With that a couple other questions that have come up recently are in regards to infrastructure in the watershed The cal fire incident management teams work with what's called a watershed emergency response team are all worked to address the kind of impact on the watersheds such as the the watershed here in the In the this fire essentially So those are two things that I think are important to note because they do come up often in the questions Would that happen to answer any questions that you may have? Yes, the questions are related to where is the national guard and when will they be here at the fire themselves? And I'll pass over the chief seat. Currently the national guard has been activated They're training down in the San Luis unit right now. They do a 5v training period We anticipate that training and being going out on the line around the 26.7 And they'll be deployed Based on the need of incidents throughout the state of California Do you have specific numbers of how many will come from this fire? Not at this point now Will they'll be determined once they become available after the training period is completed Yeah So Sure the question was related to the The fatality that's been confirmed and any further information about that I'll pass over the sheriff's office Yeah, so, you know, we We take missing persons cases and we've taken a few during the course this fire that this missing person or this This person that lost their life Was reported to us this person was missing and so through our detectives efforts to locate him As well as people in and around the area Alerting us to basically what what potentially appeared to be human remains is what got us to that area And I want to talk to that for a minute these we want to get to these areas. We we want to Find these people we do and so unfortunately in this case It took a helicopter to get there and so and not only that but changing conditions and fire and and just all the hazards that come with that Um It took us some time to get there, but we got there and so and today We were able to bring that person back here to sancers Early on in the fire. I want to say it was like either Tuesday or Wednesday Was he found at his home or on his property? No, so uh, he was found Kind of towards the end of last chance road and so some distance from what we think potentially Is this person's car and again, I'd like to tell you who the person is we just have a spoke to the family and obviously out of respect for that and their loss we want to make sure to we honor that and Yeah, there'll be more information with that That's something we're working through and so obviously it's contacting people and speaking to people that were in and around that area and getting the statements from them and and trying to Help us answer. What exactly was this person doing? I mean likely they may have been trying to escape that fire Just speaking plainly But those are all questions that we have Things that we're working through and answers that we want to give the family When we notify So right now we have four additional cases and again, like I said, we've been working with we've been working through Up until today. We only had two So we had this person that we found and then we had one more That case one of our earlier cases. We were hoping to get up there and do further investigation today I don't have any other information on that and then we developed three more today and again our detectives are In the middle of gathering more information trying to get to those areas This is a few days ago now that on wednesday someone asked how How the evacuations on last chance road were handled and how the sheriff's office would handle evacuations in the future and Since you mentioned that it gets to the heart of your The sheriff's office since we made the trip to cal fire Since then, of course, everyone's been really proactive about about doing evacuations, but How has cal fire been in terms of communicating with your office and your colleagues? And is there anything to do better if there are any Kickups in those initial days? No, I mean we were locked with cal fire And I couldn't speak more highly of the job. They're doing with the resources that they have You know, I'll tell you I was at my office On tuesday when I got a call there was a fire in boulder creek And so me and my my management team we responded directly to cal fire headquarters And that's where I met up with chief larkin and we began working This crisis together so and we've been tied in that relationship ever since we're co-located here at base camp And so our folks are working. I mean hour by hour with cal fire Is what is the strategy to protect the boulder creek tonight and uh chief brunt will be able to answer that So, yeah, the fire is still actively burning.  So, uh, yeah, what we have is I explained earlier We have control lines that we've been working on and we're in the process of establishing We have crews that are working that area and um, yeah, it's It's going to be something that's an ongoing effort and and You know fires are fully controlled by any stretch. So that that will occur Especially now that the smoke is lifted due to the weather conditions They are going to be more visible as before the smoke really was hiding those flames, but I couldn't assure you that the crews are working diligently at suppressing that and and Quite honestly have done a fantastic job in and constructing the amount of control line in such a Small period of time with limited resources and very adverse conditions with heavy fuels And very steep topography Correct so the question regards to it was a complex of fires But we have one large fire now. So yes, it did start out as a complex of fires a number of small fires all Created by the lightning event that that occurred early in the week As the those small fires grew they all grew together into one large fire There are as you can see on the map some of the circles with the x's Those were some of the other additional lightning fires that occurred, but We're suppressed in our rate of patrol Load right now. So we check on those on a regular basis to make sure there's no flare ups Mop those up and then eventually put those into a control status, which means that they're completely and fully out So yeah, what you see now is is a were a bunch of fires that Rapidly grew together into one big fire and that typically happens with these complexes which are seeing in in Further north bay and over in the east bay with those fires same thing They were all a bunch of very small fires that have grown altogether into one large event What do you see as the biggest challenges your crews have faced during this fire? The largest challenges that we've faced well We've been saying time and again the limited resources Typically on most of our wildland fire events Throughout the state and most fire seasons will have one or two a couple large fires occurring at the same time But we still have a lot of resources available to us California is very fortunate We're a very very unique state in the fact in emergency response that we have a very good mutual aid system So we work very closely not only with cow fire, but with our federal and local government partners As well as our law enforcement partners working harmoniously to to take care of these events So what happened here was it's such a widespread event with a variety of fires that are ongoing limited resources and then We're mostly lightning fires occur. They're not in very easy terrain to for us to fight fire in So it makes it a challenge for us with limited resources to work in very inhospitable terrain from the most part and heavy fuel loadings to to be successful with our strategy and tactics and that is probably All combined the biggest challenge we're facing right now I could address that sure so What we saw early in the event Obviously the lightning event went through then what we saw on the the backside of that was a weather event in which We had a significant north wind event which pushed the ignited vegetation And created the large fire that we have now we saw that over a period of time So with those winds the relative humidity is plummeting Which the drier the air mass the drier the fuels and and more intensity with our fires As the we progressed towards the end of the week we saw some of those mitigate We saw the winds decrease our relative humidities weren't as low as they were And that gave us an opportunity to really jump in on the fire and Employ our strategy and tactics with some success Then we have the event as we're facing now where We're seeing the breakup of a previous hurricane it creates a lot of moisture and conditions that lend themselves to potential for dry lightning And and strong outflow winds that we call them which push the fire main different directions We don't have a very directional wind pattern with these So it's very unpredictable and very dangerous for our crews as we progress through this event We'll see what actually happens We really didn't have a prediction of any sort of precipitation We saw a little bit right now Is it enough to put out this fire? I don't want to give any false hope No, the fuels are so dry. Is it going to give us a little bit of help? Absolutely As we move through the rest of the weekend and into the next week The forecasts are very favorable with a little bit higher relative humidities light winds Temperatures a little bit above average But it's stuff that we face in a normal summer day throughout the state of california and suppressing wildland fires So it's stuff that we're used to working in as far as the environment And regarding the weather and the fuels conditions, although I'll be a dry And I think and I believe that this week we're going to have a lot of good progress If we get once we get past this weather event here this weekend It should set us up well, especially as we get more resources, which we've been seeing And I think we're going to have a lot of good success for this coming week You'll see as we progress through the week More winds for the big wind to put this thing completely to bed Blowing So the question regarding what's worse if the the the new starts from the lighting or the winds Really with the new starts It's it's a bit of a Roll of the dice as far as will these start something night something on a magnitude Was there wind directly behind it? That'll that'll make that small fire into something bigger We have plans that we've put together With this event that we knew we were going to face that We would attack those small fires. We we have contingency plans Keep those small isolate those and then it's not as big of a problem for us But when you have a fire this large When we don't have as many control lines in place that we would typically or like to have at this point in time within this event Then certainly these outflow winds these erratic winds which are very unpredictable Especially with this topography and the dry fuels That's more concerning to to myself to my other fire ground commanders as well as our personnel out in the line So I would say out of the two the wind is is the bigger issue What do you think of the people staying behind any of the evac zones, uh, there's a group and body doing for instance that claims they save 20 homes What's your thoughts on this these people? That's a bit of you know a challenge in the fact that um You know for people that are the property owners like I understand I get it. I've personally been through events where my home or my family's home was threatened by fire and Obviously you want to do what you can to protect your property and and we understand that we invoke the The fact that we evacuate the people and we've set a time and again The main reason is so that number one their safety is first and foremost um No offense to anybody but most are not trained professional firefighters and Although they think they are doing the right thing and they're doing a good thing They inadvertently put themselves into harm's way and when we're in there whether it be ourselves Is firefighters doing fire suppression or a brother and sister's a law enforcement that are doing their job To isolate that area and to make it safe Um, it puts us in a really disadvantageous Tages to position when we have to go and perform a rescue for somebody that inadvertently gets themselves in a bad spot You know for those people that have stayed behind it has created some challenges for us some Innocently and some where as we've reported Where they've taken advantage uh a criminal activity in a various actions. So Overall, I would say that uh like we've said time and again I know they want to do the right thing. They want to protect their property understand that right But uh in the big the big picture It's it's safer to have us that are professionals Go in there take care of that protect their lives protect their property And um and and this event So Yeah, I think we're happy to chat with you further. Um, we'll take individual questions after this I just want to close this out by saying uh Although there's a team up here and a group of unified incident commanders There's a whole bunch of people that are not acknowledged and that we really want to say thank you to And that is all the people who are working at the shelters right now all those non profit organizations that are helping people Get their animals out and keeping them safe. And I think that uh requires a lot of acknowledgement and from from our team Especially thank you for assisting us in being successful with that. Thank you to the media That's the fastest I've ever seen a press conference be scrambled and reset up. I apologize for the inconvenience We'll see you here again tomorrow morning at 6 a.m. This concludes the press conference. Thank you