Along the two leaders, we have Jelena Shmeloba, who is the head of the Syria Center, and Mr. Ramanan, who is the Mission Director with the Atal Innovation Mission. Now these are the exhibition booths where the students will run through their innovative models to Prime Minister Modi and President Putin. This is the smart analysis of blood using digital holographic microscope. So an innovation in the medicine sector. The red models that you see are the 3D models of red blood cells, and the slides are there. And because of the different flow rates between these channels, one can separate plasma. Red plasma is a yellowish colored liquid component of the blood. Now this technique requires only two drop of bloods, as these students are explaining to the leaders, Satyam and Deeksha representing India, and Almeera and Nikolay, the Russian students. So this is the inlet from where the two drops of blood will go. Then because of the different bands of the channels and the different flow rates, plasma gets separated, and it comes out from the second outlet. One of the interesting features of this innovative model is that this is a portable plasma separator. So one can carry it to the required destination. And I was asking these young students how much does it cost, so it's about 50 rupees. The 3D models of the red blood cells, and both the leaders very keenly listening to the students about their innovative model. So this project aims to separate plasma from the blood in an efficient and low cost manner. This is the innovative model in the agricultural space. This innovative model can be very beneficial for farmers and friends, and it can also be useful for the waste products of their crops. Students, the Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, and the President of Russia Vladimir Putin have explained their model, Tejas and Ratul are the students of India, and the students of Russia, Diana and Alisa. I am sure that both the leaders of this innovative model will be very pleased with this innovative model. And we will always remember this group photograph. The third innovative model is from the area of Urja. We go to the gym, exercise, and this model converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. So even as one uses this model on any equipment in a gym or a bicycle, alongside one can create energy that can charge their phones, laptops, power banks. This is the miniature version, a prototype, which can then be attached to, say, a cycle, as we can see on the exhibition booth. Kashish and Yogesh, the Indian students, demonstrating the model to the Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Modi, Evam and Yulia, the Russian students, a collaboration under Atal Innovation Mission and Sirius Creative School. So, it is really a very robust model, you can cycle for 15 minutes, do gymming, and together you can store the energy. Recently, the Prime Minister of India, Mr. Sanyukthu Rashtra, also received the Champions of the Earth Award, and such an eco-friendly option is very important in environmental protection. The next exhibition booth is also very interesting. Here, the mobility is an innovative model. If you don't wear a helmet, the scooter will not start. Safety in two-wheeler. The switch is on, the wheels are on, the wheels are on. So, we can use different keys to pass different restrictions on the wheels. And in keys we use a longer-list speed set. Till today we haven't got any of the technology to minimize or award the accident. So we have a solution for this. And in order to avoid accidents, motorcycles and taxis, we decided to If there is an emergency situation and the motorcycle is crossing the road, it will throw it in the wheel and help it. Thank you. Antiriksh means space has always been the topic of Jiggyasa. Now when Prime Minister Modi talked about the manned mission of the 15th of August with the help of Lalkela Prachi, more work has been done on space. We are working on a special machine learning and testing on artificial space. The results of this study are in terms of artificial space. Our goal is to tell you about the manned mission of Jiggyasa. We are working on a scientific method for the development of Jiggyasa. In the future, we will be working on the development of artificial space and the development of solar panels. It will be a very important project for the future of Jiggyasa. We will be working on a scientific method for the development of artificial space and the development of Jiggyasa. To answer your question, you will learn how to study the movement of artificial space. So you study the way of artificial space and the way of artificial space. First step is to study the evolution of the universe. That is a very good step towards studying how the universe originated. So this was about predicting geostomps in space. What problems are faced by geostomps? They could lead to failure of satellites, electric systems in space and therefore this is an innovative model to predict the geostomps. To talk about serious creative school, serious means is a bright starry. When Prime Minister Narendra Modi thought about the roots of the city, he interacted with such innovative students. He asked how many of you want to come to India? So almost all the students stood up and today is the time where both leaders will interact with students. Honourable Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Honourable Prime Minister Srinarendra Modi. A heartiest welcome to all students and participants. We have a remarkable set of 20 children, which includes 10 students from the Cirrus Education Centre in Russia and 10 students from the Atal Tinkering Labs. For the last four days, the campus of IIT Delhi has been abuzz with these young minds along with their mentors who've been busy creating prototypes in five diverse sectors of space technology, healthcare technology, smart mobility, clean energy and agri technology. We also have talented and meritorious students selected by the Central Board of Secondary Education and Indian winners of Science Olympiads. Now before you, we present a short video on the International Innovation Exchange Program between India and Russia. Take a look. The Atal Innovation Mission, an initiative of Niti Ayog to promote innovation and entrepreneurship across the length and breadth of India. AIM is an umbrella innovation organisation playing instrumental role in alignment of innovation policies, incentivising the establishment and promotion of an ecosystem of innovation. A major role has been played by the Atal Tinkering Labs, that is ATL, which has been promoting innovations at school levels, which allows students to create innovative solutions for societal benefit. Since the inception of the first Atal Tinkering Lab in 2016, the journey has been long, which has involved participation of more than 8 lakh young innovators who've nurtured their creativity, offering innovative solutions to realise the development goals of the country. Continuing with the tempo of innovation, there have been a series of competitions, and now finally, we have the winners of ATL, who for the first time are showcasing their competitive spirit with the Students of Sirius Science Centre in Russia, which is the Indian counterpart of Atal Innovation Mission. For the last four days, students of Sirius Educational Centre and winners of Atal Tinkering Labs have been working to scout the innovative solutions in five different sectors, which are space technology, healthcare, agri-tech, clean technology and smart mobility. In less than 30 hours, these young minds from Russia and India have not only identified problems and solutions, but have created the prototypes which will benefit both the nations in the long run. Cultural and technological research exchange programmes have been a hallmark of the friendly relations between India and Russia from time immemorial. But what is unique this time is the engagement of budding innovators who are becoming the torch bearers of the innovative spirit of the 21st century world with an aim to innovate. The innovative spirit being cherished by India and Russia. Now I invite Mr. R. Ramanan, Mission Director, Atal Innovation Mission, and Ms. Elina Vladimirovna Smelova from Sirius to exchange the memorandum of understanding between AIM and Sirius. Thank you so much. This moment today has been a unique opportunity for these young innovators to interact with President Puthan and Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Both these leaders have paid special attention to nurturing young talent and inspiring the young minds. Now I call upon a few students to fill their questions to President Puthan and Prime Minister Modi. Now the first question comes from the Russian student, Ekaterina Ivansova. Can we just pass over the mic to her, please? Yes, thank you. Namaste, Narendra Modi. Hello, Mr. Putin. Today, in Russia, we celebrate the day of teacher. Therefore, I have a question. Which role have teachers played in your life? I would like to hear the views of both leaders. Thank you. Together with Mr. Prime Minister, it's working, right? Yesterday, together with Mr. Prime Minister, we met with him in the evening. He invited me for a dinner. And he said that, so the mic is on, I guess. Yesterday, we had a dinner with Mr. Prime Minister. He invited me for a dinner. We talked a lot of serious, about a lot of serious issues. One of them is education. We have found out that the day of teacher in Russia celebrated on the 5th of October in India. It celebrated on the 5th of September. So, it looks like education is something that receives a lot of attention in Russia and India. We are working on strengthening the importance of this area, both in Syrian practice. And the evidence of this is this meeting in India, because Russia and the USSR have established the system of education institutions, diplomatic institutions and schools. Right now, the educational center is serious. This unites and brings all talented people together. India is all sort of developing this area. It's good that thanks to the initiative of Mr. Prime Minister, you were gathered here today. I hope it will be a good move forward for further context, not only money, but also money appears, as for the influence of teachers upon all of us. It is, of course, important. Parents are important. Family is important. And the moral values of the family are important. But upbringing and education is definitely something that plays a huge role, because it depends on teachers and their attitude towards education and children, taking advantage of this opportunity. I would like to once again congratulate all teachers of Russia. I congratulate, and teachers of India, I congratulate everyone. When I was raised, I was raised by everyone. I was very warm, and I respected them. When I was born, I was raised by my grandfather, and my grandfather was a teacher. So, when I was 32, I was given a certificate. I was one of them for 93 years. I was raised by everyone. I respected the people of the Soviet Union that you taught me in childhood. You taught me culture.  That is why I was raised by everyone. You taught me culture. That is why I was raised by everyone.  I was raised by everyone. In today's youth, we are in the era of Google. If you want to ask anything, ask Google, if you want to know anything, and because of that, the greatness of teachers in the era of Google does not decrease. We need to be careful. There are many ways to give information. But to make a living, someone should choose a life. Either mother is there, or there is a person whose teacher's appearance is there. He makes our life. In the life of India, the friend of the teacher has come. He has come from Russia. And in every country in the world, he is the pride of the teacher. He is the greatness of the teacher. So our lives are not wasted. Thank you so much, Prime Minister Narendra Modi and also President Putin. But our interaction with the student continues and we have some more questions coming. The next student who has a question is Sanjit Agarwal. I have a question for the Honourable President of Russia, Mr. Putin. Sir, can you please tell all of us who is the scientist that impresses you the most? Why did you take away the mic that was working? Why did you take it from me? He took the working mic from me. Maybe he didn't want me to answer the question. I don't know. You know, saying which scientist impresses me most is the same thing as saying which piece of art impresses me the most. It's hard to say. It's hard to say which book or which piece of music impresses me the most. We have a whole system of external factors. Art, education. Of course, I can list all scientists starting with Plato and all other scientists. They have all contributed significantly to the newest history. They have made a unique contribution to the development of humankind. They're just talented people. They're very happy people. I really envy those who devote their lives to science because science as any art is the most interesting thing one person can do because it brings satisfaction and, while paying tribute to previous generations of geniuses, I would like to express hope that your generation will also make us happy with your achievements and make a contribution into development of humankind. I wish you every success. Thank you so much, President Putin. The next question comes from Elisa Vita Zabelina. Good afternoon, my dear Narendra Modi. I'm Zabelina Elisa, license number 19, from Korolev. In August 2018, I attended a conference with the head of Roscosmos. In 2017, I participated in an event organized by Roscosmos. What do you think about space cooperation programs of BRICS? I would say that cooperation between BRICS countries and this association has been created not very long time ago brings meaningful contents to various areas. We are working together on finance. We have created a very modern and much promising financial instruments. We are agreeing on cooperation in other areas. Art, for example, we are thinking about cooperating more closely in humanitarian area. This is all possible, of course. And as concerns the future of our contact with I think that Mr. Prime Minister won't object that. If it's not an agenda, we'll have a look at it and we will discuss it together with colleagues. Thank you so much, President Putin. The next question comes from Arian Magnani. I have a question for the honourable president of Russia. Sir, could you please tell us, according to you, which field of research should be prioritized over others? You know, humankind cannot exist without new discoveries in physics and maths. Right now, such topics as genetics are receiving more attention. For example, the 21st century was the century of physics. The 21st century is the century of biology. But we should understand it in a broader sense. And talking more precisely, this has to do with genetics, with genome development, the full disclosure of genome. Today it costs just a couple of dozens of thousands. In the near future it will cost 100 years of dollars. This changes fundamentally the approach to genetics and genome to healthcare in general, to medicine in general. Some unbelievable horizons open up in front of humanity of humankind. But from the point of view of theoretical and fundamental science, it's also important to research the origins of our universe. This is of practical importance. This has to do with navigation, with outer space exploration, with aviation. All this is very intertwined and interconnected. There are some more fashionable areas for research, of course. But everything has to do with fundamental research. We'll soon or later turn into applied sciences. This is how I understand the one that we've always had. Russia and India, all other states in the world, leading states in the world who enjoy good scientific traditions, academic traditions will pay growing attention to fundamental and applied sciences. This brings us to the end of the student interaction and the question and answer session. Now I would like to request Honourable President of Russia Vladimir Putin to share his thoughts on this occasion. But your counterparts, I'm sure that interaction between young people, especially between school children would be a great addition and perhaps the most important addition to the unprecedented level of Indian and Russian relationships which we see these days. This is the basis for long-term cooperation. And I would like to thank you for that and wish you every success in your work. Thank you. A heartfelt thank you to President Putin for his inspiring words. And now I would like to request Honourable Prime Minister Shree Narendra Modi to share his thoughts. Thanks. Thank you. This is the biggest investment I think. His full intellectual capability and commitment and emotions he has covered in this work. And when I came there I asked all the children who wants to come to India from now on. And I saw that everyone raised their hands on me. So that day I said that I will call you. I met you in Donetsberg. So I asked them to come. But if they bring the children then I will feel good. They accepted my request and brought you all here. And last week the children of India and the children of Russia have no barrier of language. Their intellect is working. Their scientific temper is working. And understanding the problems of India in this age you have given your time and today I got the opportunity to see five projects. I really felt that you have put the problems in your own and then the innovation comes. So I was asking how these children are. They are not comfortable. And I was told by our Ambassador that when he called you in Moscow and asked you you said that we have become a WhatsApp group. We have already come in contact with each other. I would like to make it ahead. I am also in the future. How will India be in this institute. You also come here. And what can we do for the human being for the future of India and Russia? What can we do to make the life of human beings easy? What can we do for such people in life with great difficulty. I am saying At all, innovation, mission, you must have introduced yourself to the people of that time. What research should we do, what should we not do? The biggest thing is that we, in every generation, should be prepared at a scientific pace. We should be used to seeing everything scientifically. Whether they become scientists or not. But who should be at a scientific pace? The world is stopped without innovation. When innovation is stopped, the world will be shut down. We have seen that the development of human resources is possible because of innovation. Innovation is going to continue. Challenges are going to continue. New people are going to keep giving new things. Let's do new things from that. And what can we give to women and men? The life of a poor person. In a way, what can we do for the ease of living? If we have time and strength, we will also be happy in life. I was happy to get the opportunity to meet the new generation of both countries. I wish you all a very happy life. Thank you very much. Our deepest gratitude to Prime Minister Narendra Modi for his inspiring words It's been an enlightening experience, not only for these children present in this hall. I would allow myself to say a couple of words. This young man asked about the most interesting areas where we can work in. It's artificial intelligence, but without human intelligence. At least at this stage of development. And it's impossible to imagine, to fathom that artificial one would be created. And in order to continue with that, those who deal with cognitive sciences understand that the main thing is to be able to work as a part of a team. So I'm really grateful to Mr. Prime Minister for inviting Russian, talented young people to India. This is a practical step which shows that you are ready to work as part of a team. So we wish you every success and once again thank you very much, Mr. Prime Minister. I thank President Putin and Prime Minister Modi for gracing this occasion. A special round of applause to the two leaders for inspiring the young minds and taking our time from their busy schedule. Our sincere thanks also to all the participant individuals and institutions from Russia and India. We hope that this event marks a new beginning in the long-standing India-Russia relationship. Thank you to all of you. Thank you.


This is the animation minute First up let's start with Blender. Blender 2.9 is here and below you see a 5 minute clip about what is new Jobs tangent animation is looking for experienced animators among other positions Hairloft the full short is out. It's super super cute Make sure to follow Matthew a cherry on Twitter and you can watch the whole clip there going back to Blender Here's a video about creating an infinite background look in Blender Announcement Madeline season 2 is starting October 30th. Yeah This is a really funny CG animated short tales for the multiverse is out for you to watch If you want to know how to build a successful art channel on YouTube then watch that webinar series hosted by Wacom featuring sir Wade another job hosting this time it's rooster teeth animation That just looks amazing. I love it. I have to research and watch this. It looks fantastic Speak of fantastic. There's a really cool animation to a nice creatures nice weight. Check it out These are so cute. I just have to go in there and look at them. Come on They're so cute Great example of how to incorporate a set and props. This is a clip by Madison Irwin from animation mentor Slightly random. I thought this was cute But come on has pixel art has movement turns into animation zoetrope comma. It's kind of cute And then another job posting here amongst all these positions animation lead and animator God include pixel art was really cool at the effect and bam very cool Back to pixels but this time it's about sound you're gonna have to go down here and click on it You can hear the x-wing I muse music change as you go between each panel. It's very neat. Oh childhood memories Speak of childhood memories is almost like F zero. This looks really really neat Jadwick posman has died. It's really sad news and to celebrate his legacy every issue black panther ever is free right now on comic solid An old body make practice shot as it says here. It's long but watch the whole thing is really well done nicely presented cute colors Just the whole thing is really cute. Go ahead and watch the whole thing Free session Wednesdays at 10 for 9th vision series Autodesk all of these presenting lots of talented people Including our very own Delio from a toesie from ILM Last but not least a really cute animation with those three guys That's really cute and that is it for the news. I will see you and next week again as always Monday at 8 a.m


Gweinwch gael'r Gweinwch Gweinwch, ddwy ddwy o'r ddweud y ffrans i'n gwybod i'r ddweud y bydd y gwybod i'r ddweud yn ffawr. Mae'r ddweud hynny'n ddysgu'r ysgrifennu ar y ffrans i'w gweinwch i'r ddweud. Mae Macron eich oes oeddi'n gwybod. Rwyf yn 350 oes oedd yma ydi'r gweinwch i'r parlydd. Mae'r ddweud yn gweinwch wedi ffwrdd yn ysgrifennu ymlaen. If that's ground and it's greatly immediate aftermath, when and if things get difficult and if Macron is going to do difficult things, how would the reaction be there? What is all that? Is this just something soft that will gradually weaken and eventually disappear or is there something new happening in France in terms of potential party structures? Y dweud y gallai am y dwybod, mae'r ddysgu ychydig gyrwch. Mae'r ddweud yw yw'r ddweud yn bryd o'r ystod? Mae'r ddweud yma yn ddweud, mae'r ddweud yn ddweud. Mae'r ddweud yn rhywbeth yw'r ddweud. Ac rwy'n ddweud bod eich ddweud. Mae'r ddweud yn ddweud ddi o'r ddweud yma'r ddweud yn ddweud. Rydyn nhw, gweithdo, yn ei ddweud? Alon. Y mhlynedd yw yw'r iawn gyda'r grwp sydd wedi'i meddwl o'r rhathion Microlyn gyda'r rheiddiol, latgo. Yir hyn am rhai yma yw'r rhathion Cyfrannu, us ydych yn ei ddweud i'r rhaid i gyrddiau gyda'r rhathion ein parlymasus hon ag flin sydd eisiau pan i'r hyn o'r gyrsgrifft yw y gall. Rydych chi'n credu yma ar gyfrannu yma ar gyfer swyddo o'r llwytoedd, y gallwn y holl. Milon Sean is not going to be satisfied with just opposing these things. The Parliament is going to be provoking efforts on the street. Is there a prospect that the parliamentary majority has the bottle to town face that kind of opposition? Maybe we have enough there but if I could add to what Alan says, may be his success will be measured by the economy. If he can get unemployment among the youth of France down, and the French have a terrible problem in the Bon Dieu, social problems, provoked by unemployment, and people without... Espoir, Sans Espoir on Dés Espoir. So, you know, that's a dual one, will he succeed in reforming the French administration, ac yn cael ei wneud i'r Ffrens gweithio'n meddwl. Gweithio'n meddwl, mae'n griffwys Robert. Yn y ddweud, wrth gwrs, efallai efallai efallai'n dda i'r ddweud. Efallai efallai efallai sefydig o'r ddweud i'r ddweud. A wedyn gallu i fod yn ei ddweud.  Ond y Prifysgol yn y pryd ac mae'r prifysgol mae'n meddwl, ar y cyffredin ni ar y byd, yn ei gafod i'r rhaglen i'r dde youf ac mae'r Mark Horwb i'r gwleidio'r cyfrwyngon i ddacol. ac wedi am jaga mwy fyddwyd yn ei gaelw'r rheini, pwymiol wedi gaelwg bywyd. Rydym yn eistedd gan yn ymhwy fyddwyd. Rwy'ch ei gaelwch yn ei ddysgu. Roedden nhw hwyl o bobl os rai o ran gyflwyno. Si'n cael ei ddechrau mewn gwneud gei'r arleinig, ond maen nhw'n ymgyrchyn bwrdd yn ei fwy fwyllgor. Wydwn ni'n gofyn â blwyddyn neu hynny o'r cymdeilydd i'r gwrth bod The new head of the group is somebody who does have experience of running a parliamentary group or experience of parliament who knows how parliamentary group can be run. So I don't think that that majority is going to disperse, I think it's going to be loyal. And unless the situation changes in a way because I don't have any problems there. The point really applies to Labour reform as well. This is something that came up again and again in the election. He hasn't just drawn this out of a hat. I mean he said exactly what he wanted to do and he's been elected on a big second round majority. He's also said that he's going to pass it by ordinance which means that effectively parliament has won serious vote on Labour reform in all its different aspects. So I don't think parliament is going to get in the way of Labour reform whatsoever. And if you can form a government with a minister who can put Labour reform into effect and you know that there is a question mark there. Then this is the sort of thing that could be done very quickly or quite before people have the chance to get out on the streets. But very quickly in a way that doesn't allow that sort of for people to mobilise and mobilise and mobilise such that the reform just becomes so difficult. That it collapses. So he has a honeymoon period. He has a parliamentary majority, a loyal majority. He can legislate by ordinance. The conditions are right for him to make this reform in the way that he wants. Whether he does it, we'll answer that question in six months, but he has the opportunity. Emmanuel, there was a second question on Germans. My optimism about the EU. And go on maybe to how is Macron going to be judged in the shorter term and in the medium term. How to convince the Germans to move, is that it? On the more social Europe. And I think this is where Macron is a gamble from, you know, like he created his movement 15 months ago. He's won the election, never elected to anything. He's won the overall majority. So, and he has done extremely well for the first month. In terms of convincing the Germans, I think the tide has changed a little bit due to the economic crisis, or the austerity measures and the rise of your skepticism and the rise of populism. I think the Germans, maybe not Shoyblo, but definitely Merkel, is starting to understand that you cannot have a German Europe. And she doesn't want to have this hegemonic kind of image over Europe. So, I'm not saying we're going to go to a Canadian Europe, where we're going to throw public spending out, and we're going to suspend the stability and growth pact. This is where Macron is saying, I am going to comply with the SGP. Well, I'm getting to France to comply with the SGP. So, I'm going to bring my public, the France's public deficit below the 3%. We're going to reduce debt. We're at 98% or whatever. So, it will take a bit of time to get to 60%, or below 60%. But let's focus on the public deficit. I am cutting down in public spending, et cetera. So, I am showing more than showing faith. I'm putting it in practice, not just saying, give me two years and I'll get there, which is what every president has said. And then, oh, you're at the two years. Well, actually, you know what, can you give me an extra year? It's been going on for 25 years. I think there really, Merkel has grasped that. The fact that she said it publicly, and we all know that Merkel doesn't speak willingly, you know, she doesn't say things, and then backtracks on them, shows that there is really an opportunity, a window of opportunity, as we say it, to kind of work with the Germans and shift the focus of Europe towards more social investment, towards a more social Europe, towards a Europe that works for European citizens that are struggling post or in the recovery to the economic crisis, but are still struggling. So I think, I know I'm optimistic, but I think I have a few good reasons. And his success will be on your optimistic, obviously. I'm optimistic that he's picked, I'm optimistic that he's got a very good relationship with Angela Merkel. This is very evident, which she didn't have with Hollande, which she didn't really have with Sacozi either. I think there's a lot of commonalities. He's picked a lot of ministers that have experience of working with their German colleagues or German MPs, et cetera. So I think there we, I have, I am optimistic that focusing on this Franco-German partnership will help with a change in the European Union. Regarding the success that you talked about, he has to deliver. What do you see as being the consequences of him failing to deliver or of the economy taking an unexpected turn? Because a lot of Mellon Sean supporters are saying that Macron 2017 is equal to Le Pen 2022, because they just saw there wasn't going to be enough of a change and populism was going to have an even stronger surge. So do you think that's a fair assessment or what will happen? Well, I answer. I definitely think, I wouldn't say Macron 2017 equals Le Pen in 2022. I think Macron 2017 can save us from Le Pen in 2022 if he delivers. If he doesn't, it will be Le Pen, but not Marine. It will be Marion Marichal Le Pen who will come back from her stint in the private sector. She'll come back as this non-career politician with the name. She's super articulate. She wouldn't have got flustered the same way her aunt got flustered in the debate. She's really dangerous and she will campaign on identity-based issues and value-based issues rather than socioeconomic issues. Filippo will be out. We won't talk about exiting or having this dual currency of the franc for the internal exchanges, the euro for the external exchanges and all that. It will be much more dangerous. Let's not forget that we're obviously in a permanent state of emergency at the moment. We have terrorist attacks that aren't necessarily on the cards. There's one that just failed on the Champs Eise there. This, for the next five years, I can't tell you, obviously, what way we'll go, but exactly. That's going to fuel the vote for Marion Marichal Le Pen if he fails economically. Ultimately, I think economic results and mass unemployment, the reduction of mass unemployment is really key to his success and to pulling the carpet from under Marichal's fees. Robert, in a word? Yes. I think Marichal really thinks he sounds a chance of winning. I think we shouldn't rule him out. Winning means really getting through to the second ballot of the presidential election and at that point, all bets are off. He is hoping that Macron is going to fail. The economic system is quite good, but nonetheless not fantastic. Macron could easily fail. It's not a surefire solution at all. Francis Jacobs. Obviously Macron worked with or not, and he's put together a coalition of people from the centre-left and the centre-right. But where does he see his ideological underpinnings? That's him as a personality, but also the relevance for his European partnerships, because what's going to happen, for instance, maybe I've already missed it, but with the European Council coming up, is he going to meet with the new prime ministers first, or is he going to wait a little while, and then will he go with them, and they're becoming close to one of the largest groups of prime ministers, and what's going to happen in the European Parliament? His modem allies are clearly already in the Liberal Group, and the UDF used to be in the Liberal Group before going to the EPP. What's going to happen to the Ammarsch members? Are some of them actually some existing members of the European Parliament going to join Ammarsch and go perhaps in a particular political direction? Thanks. Myrschlag, Member of the Institute, as a German citizen, allow me one remark on Chancellor Merkel's position concerning the new administration in France. I think that what I got is she wants that Macron succeeds by all means, even if Germany would step back in some issues to let him take the glory. The success of France reforms in France is essential for progress in Europe. I have two more points. One is an observation about possible turmoil in the streets since the parliamentary majority is based on very low turnout. I have just read that it's not only 57% not turning out, but nearly 10% of the votes were invalid. That means protest. It means nearly 70% did not support the current parliament. In this parliament, the majority is even a smaller fraction of the public. Therefore, maybe it's a bit very optimistic to assume that there will not be turmoil on the streets because the only means to have people having their voice heard. It will take time until the reforms take place, take effect and have positive impact. In this timeframe in between, I would foresee some very difficult times, of course hoping it will be overcome. The next point as a German citizen, not Irish, I may touch another sacred cow which Professor Lafan also mentioned related to Brexit for Ireland, military neutrality in the light of ever closer defence cooperation. Don't mention these things, but we have to deal with them. That's true defence and the sacred cows. Emmanuel, would you like to take a question? Where is Macron's ideological spine? Nobody can find that. He is very clearly economically liberal and socially libertarian. I don't know whether it really answers your question in terms of positioning him one way or another. Actually, I don't have an answer for your second part. Where will his MEPs, they don't even know in the current national assembly which door they're going to enter from, like left or right. They might have to create a new one in the centre, I don't know. So they haven't hammered that out at all yet, so we don't know. You know full well that his idea was I'm right and left. I'm neither right nor left, which was Le Pen's point. He was I'm right and left, so I'm kind of mixing the two. So that's his key positioning which has been very successful, but as well because the other political formations were extremes. Even the mainstream ones had picked through their primaries extreme candidates within their own parties. So it left an entire boulevard to Macron. Macron was never a socialist by the way. He wasn't a card carrying member anyway of the socialist party. So he was and this is as well. I mean he resigned from the government early enough that he wasn't tainted with the kind of results of the Oland government or he wasn't associated so much with those results. And that the idea of Fillon started calling him Emmanuel Oland. That didn't catch on. So this is where it links back to the first question I think. Is it something soft? Is it something new? Is it something I'm not able to answer whether he's creating something new? So I have no answers really to your questions. Neither do a lot of other people. There are those of course who argue it's a widespread belief that right and left are now redundant terms and we need to think of something different. That I think is what, certainly that's what Leo Veratka believes from what he says. The campaign was very much run on the cleavage, not left and right, which is very prevalent in French politics. Unlike Irish politics, we're very keen on our left and right. It was very much run on what was called Open France versus Closed France. The Patriots, Mayen Lepen versus the Progressists. It was this divide which had been simmering since the 1992 referendum on mass-fished. Because we saw in 2005 that the Socialist Party was divided, voting yes or no to the European Constitutional Treaty. You have the same divisions within Llanell Publicain. So this line of cleavage has become prevalent, taken primary status compared with the left-right in this particular campaign. I don't know whether it's there to stay, but in this particular campaign I think. Robert, is he right in disguise or left in disguise? I think if we were here a few years ago, the answer to this question would be very easy. He's a Christian Democrat. He's a Christian Democrat but he doesn't come from a traditional French Christian Democratic background. He doesn't have that baggage as it were. But if you think about what Christian Democrats typically believe, Christian Democrats are very pro-European. They had a social element to them and Macron has a certain social element to them in certain ways. They were in favour of market economies, there was not that sort of sense. Education was a big thing. I don't think one in French politics can call on self a Christian Democrat anymore. This is a different way of labelling it. But it is very consistent with what we would think of as a Christian Democrat. Just in response to some of the other points, it's not just the EP where what's going to happen. It's exactly the same in the Senate. In the Senate, there's no Repubigal Marsh group in the Senate. That has to be created in local government. Nobody has really been elected as a Repubigal Marsh at the local level. This is an ongoing process of reform and that's one of the reasons why it could go in various ways as well. I'm less bothered about the turnout issue at the second round of the legislative elections because it was the second round of the legislative elections. I'm much more interested in the turnout at the first round of the presidential election and the second round of the presidential election. That's a bigger issue. I don't think that the low turnout there is particularly problematic. We used to talk about the Taziemtuch. It might now be the Sankiemtuch, but this is not new. Going out on the streets is not new. It doesn't mean to say that it's not consequential either. It's not as if we don't know that this is likely to happen and that presidents don't plan for this either. Maybe the last point is where there could be an issue is precisely on the European question. I talked about honeymoon, ordinances, but you don't reform Europe in the same sort of speed. In one sense, he's potentially creating some problems for himself to the extent that these are things that people are looking for, his ability to deliver. Even if they were deliverable to be delivered in a period of time that was reasonable, that's where I think he is. Domestically, he can do lots of things. Can I add something about the European issue which I didn't mention? I wanted to mention it because we had the social council just recently. One of his target initiatives, and he's not the only one, was to reform the directive on detached workers, the Balkanstein directive. He wants to put a timeline of no more than 12 months, etc. But that will actually play well with the France of the periphery. They are suffering from those workers that are coming and taking the local jobs and working on construction sites and being paid very differently and under different rules than the local French workers. So that, for example, is something part of his social agenda that is important. He's done it, I think it was extremely recently anyway, the social council. Sorry, a quickie. Jeremy Harris, member of the Institute, I'm a British resident in Ireland. We had two recently present in our past Prime Minister. The past one wasn't up to the job. The present one wasn't up to the job interview. So everyone has done the job interview. Is he really up to the job? In a word, both of you. Is he up to the job? I think he's a different type of leader. Leadership matters and I think this is someone who potentially could exercise leadership. I totally agree. I think we love our providential men in French politics. He has really the potential to be our new de Gaulle. He really has, like he can perform. If he does that, that will be fine. With a more pro-European stance, by the way, or more integrationist stance. For my term, je croise, seance, trites table are two speakers, I think you will agree. I have been excellent in questions and answers and indeed in their opening remarks. I'd like to thank them very sincerely.


Aluminum is the third most abundant element on earth and may not be good for our brain, something we learned studying foundry workers exposed to high levels. Though the role of aluminum in the development of brain disease, like Alzheimer's, is controversial, to be prudent, the steps should probably be taken to lessen human exposure to this metal. There are a number of aluminum-containing drugs on the market, like anti-acids, which have the highest level. Though aluminum compounds can also be added to processed foods, with anti-caking agents and pancake mix, melting agents in American cheese, meat binders, gravy thickeners, rising agents, and some baking powders, and dye binders and candy. So it's probably better to stick to unprocessed natural foods. However, if you cook those natural foods in an aluminum pot, a significant amount can leach into the food compared to cooking in stainless steel. If you do the same thing with tea, though, you get a few milligrams of aluminum, regardless of what type of pot you use, suggesting the aluminum is in the tea itself.  But like anything, it's the dose that makes the poison. According to the World Health Organization, the provisional totable weekly intake, our best guess at a safety limit for aluminum, is 2 milligrams per healthy kilogram of body weight per week, which is nearly a milligram per pound. So someone who's around 150 pounds probably shouldn't ingest more than 20 milligrams of aluminum per day. Up to a fifth of intake may come from beverages, so what we drink probably shouldn't contribute more than about 4 milligrams a day, which is the amount found in about 5 cups of green, black, or Oolong tea. So should we not drink more than 5 cups a tea a day? Well, it's not what we either drink, it's what we absorb. If you just measured how much aluminum was in tea, it would seem as though a couple of cups could double our aluminum intake for the day. But if you measure the level of aluminum in people's bodies after they drink tea, it doesn't go up. This suggests that the bioavailability of aluminum in tea is low, possibly because mostly extractable aluminum in brewed tea is strongly bound to these large-fitted nutrients that are not easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, so it just passes right through. Our intestines get flushed away without actually getting inside of our body. Even more than 90% of the aluminum in tea is bound up. What about studies like this showing a large spike in aluminum excretion through our urine after drinking tea compared to water? The only way for something to get from our mouth to our bladder is to first be absorbed into our bloodstream. But they weren't comparing the same quantity of tea and water. They had the study subjects chugged down like 8.5 cups of tea, or just drink water at their leisure. So the tea drinkers peed a lot more, period. So the aluminum content was no different really tea versus water, suggesting that gross aluminum absorption from tea is unlikely, and that only little aluminum is potentially available for absorption. So though as few as 4 cups of tea could provide 100% of one's daily aluminum limit, the percentage available for absorption in the intestine may be less than 10%. Therefore it's unlikely that moderate amounts of tea drinking can have any harmful effects on humans. However, that's for people with normal aluminum excretion. For example, tea may not be a good beverage for children with kidney failure, since they can't get rid of aluminum as efficiently. For most people though, tea shouldn't be a problem, though if you drink tea out of a can, buy undented cans, as the aluminum-indented cans can leach into the liquid, boosting aluminum levels by a factor of 8 sitting on store shelves for a year.