րᶉᶤᶕᶉᶼᶗᶕᶕᶕᶕᶯᶕᶕᶕᶕ. Ἄᶝᶗᶒᶼᶉᶕᶕᶕᶦᶕ things. ʔkärnʔesginga krimʔoperho– ʔaɾa � 셤ᴏaɾaɾaɾaɾaqs ʔˈdʺIʔn ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ʔr ˈiʔn ʔn, ʔiʔn ʔiʔn ʔiʔn ˔iʔn ʔeʔn ʔiʔn ʔiʔn ʔr ʔr This is a community where curious seekers gather to explore spiritual, ethical and social issues in an accepting and nurturing environment. Unitarian universalism supports the freedom of conscience of each individual as together we seek to be a force for good in the world. My name is Carlos Moser, a proud member for over 50 years of this congregation, shows my age, doesn't it? And on behalf of said congregation, I'd like to extend a special welcome to visitors.  Newcomers are encouraged to stay for our fellowship hour after the service and to visit the library which is directly behind you. Bring your drinks and your questions. Members of our staff and lay ministry will be on hand to welcome you. You may also look for persons holding teal, stoneware, coffee mugs. These are FUS members knowledgeable about our faith community and who would love to visit with you. Richard Miller is our experienced tour guide today. He'll be available to give a building tour after the service. So if you'd like to learn more about this sustainably designed addition to our national landmark meeting house, please meet near the large glass windows immediately after the service. We welcome children to stay for the duration of the service, but if a child needs to talk or move around, the child haven or commons are good places to retire. The service can still be seen and heard from these areas. And speaking of noise, this is a good time to silence your electronic devices. And this includes you listening at home also. I'd like to acknowledge the individuals who help our service run smoothly by volunteering. And if you have been a member for over a year and have not yet volunteered, speak to yourself. Our hospitality helper in the kitchen behind you is Jean Hills and our bookstore volunteers, where you may find books to expand your knowledge and spirituality immediately after the service are Douglas Hill and Karen Hill. Our ushers today are Chuck Evenson and Smiley and Lynn Scoby. And our greeter was Joan Heilmann. Please note the announcements on the red floor's insert of your order of service, which describe upcoming events at the society and provide more information about today's activities. Again, welcome. We hope that today's service will stimulate your mind, touch your heart and stir your spirit. With thankful hearts, we come together to celebrate the bounty of the day, to bask in the warmth of this community, to share with friends the tides of our lives, to entertain perennially our hopes for a better future. We join together this day as always to resist injustice and inequality wherever they may be found. Our hearts are touched by the need we feel around us, whether far away or within reach of hand. We come here to be together because this is how we believe our lives are best lived, in questioning and in conversation, in compassion and in service, in gratitude and in joy, in companionship and in love. May we join together now in the spirit of gratitude, service and love. And if you will rise now and body your spirit to join together in the words of affirmation printed in your order of service as we light our chalice. For daylight and darkness, for sunshine and rain, for the earth and all people, we offer deep thanksgiving. We kindle this light in celebration of the life that we share. And before we join together in song, if you'll take a moment to turn and greet your neighbor.  Ozen Eli, I'm looking at you. Rest with the over 10 crowd that can get back up. We'll see. Morris said we haven't gotten back up yet. Hi, guys. Come on. Thanks for coming. Rosie, pose you're not drinking coffee there, are you? No. Have we ever had a bad day? Yeah. What makes a bad day? Not getting to do what you want to do. Nothing's going your way. Anne said when you get a cat scratch.  What makes a good day? Seeing a rainbow. There was a big rainbow on Thursday. Was it Thursday night? Thursday night. There was a big rainbow. Right.  Well, our story today is about Georgie. And it is Georgie's best bad day. And you've got to see the pictures for this one because they're kind of funny. So Georgie's list of what makes a day the best day. Breakfast in bed. Taking a stroll on a sunny day. Humming his favorite song. These are some of the things that make a good day. But our story is about a day that Georgie woke up on the wrong side of the bed. Look at him. Where is he, the poor guy? He's so far on the wrong side of the bed that he's on the floor. And it looked like it was going to be just one of those days. What do you think happened there? Slipped on the banana peel. And it turned out that everyone was feeling the same. Feta sat in the wrong place. Can you tell what happened there? The dripping paint. Lester was running late. Sneakers forgot something important. Look at the picture. What do you think he forgot? Nope, look up. What's he thinking about? Sitting on the kitchen counter. Yeah, what did he forget to do that morning before he left the house? Eat breakfast. And Ferdinand was quieter than usual. His little sign says, do not disturb, thanks. I'm having a bad day, they all said. Me too, they all said. But Georgie wasn't ready to give up just yet. Maybe doing our favorite things will help fix this day. Well, I like to make pickles, said Feta. So they got to work preparing the perfect pickle. But pickles take forever. And they wanted to feel better now.  Sneakers suggested going outside to get some fresh air. So they tried gardening. But somebody got too excited with the scissors. Look at what happened to their elephant. Can you tell? No more trunk. It was already afternoon and they still hadn't turned their bad day around. I'm getting nervous, said Lester. Let's knit so I can relax. He's a mouse after my own heart. Carolyn too, right? That's how we relax, we knit. But what is Lester knitting with? Can you see follow the purple yarn? He's knitting with sneakers, sweater. Look at that, that's not going to make sneakers have a better day. But one knot led to another and they found themselves in quite a bind. Can you see him? Lester is smiling big, he's having fun knitting away. Look at everybody else. Not so much. Let's do something easy, said Georgie. How about baking a cake? Georgie knew cake, always made things right. Look at how happy they are. What could possibly go wrong? Any guesses? What could go wrong? He's going to, sneakers, a chew, set off a chain reaction. And just when things couldn't get any worse. Look at that, do you see all the things that happened? That is quite the story, isn't it? Just when they couldn't get any worse.  They did. Look at Georgie. This is the worst day ever. Then the friends looked at Georgie and asked, Georgie, are you okay? Look at how they're all watery because he's looking at them through the glass. Then, suddenly, they all broke out into fits of laughter and helped Georgie get that jar off of his head. We ruined our bad day, they all said. Look at all the fun things. We sure did, said everybody else. All the fun things they decided to do together. And even the pickles were ready. And they spent the rest of the day having fun the way good friends know how to do. Making the best of what used to be a bad day. And that night Georgie fell asleep on the right side of the bed and dreamed of having another bad day together. So what helped them turn their day around? What helped it go from the worst day ever to the best bad day ever? Something really bad happened, right? But then what did that really bad thing cause them to do? Giggle. They all started to laugh. And I like to think that they turned it around because they realized that they were together with their good friends and that even on the worst day ever if we've got family and friends around us we can still find many reasons to be happy and we can always make a bad day, the best day ever. Thanks for listening you guys. We are going to rise and body your spirit if we can and sing you out to summer fun this morning from Harold Kushner. I was sitting on a beach one summer day watching two children a boy and a girl playing in the sand. They were hard at work building an elaborate sandcastle by the water's edge with gates and towers and moats and internal passages. Just when they had nearly finished their project a big wave came along and knocked it down reducing it to a heap of wet sand. I expected the children to burst into tears devastated by what had happened to all their hard work but they surprised me. Instead they ran up the shore away from the water laughing and holding hands and sat down to build another castle. I realized that they had taught me an important lesson all the things in our lives all the complicated structures we spend so much time and energy creating are built on sand. Only our relationships endure. Sooner or later the wave will come along and knock down what we have worked so hard to build. When that happens only the person who has somebody's hand to hold will be able to go on and laugh. And these thoughts from Robert Walsh. My earliest memory of a prayer is the table grace my grandfather used to say. I associate it with holiday meals with extended family crowded around a long dining room table. I remember the smell of turkey the sight of bowed heads and then the gruff voice of this old man delivering the prayer as if it were one long word accented on the first and last syllables. Lord make us thankful for these provisions we ask in Christ's sake amen. The last word sounded like gamen. I thought that was the way one ended a prayer. I remember years when I had no idea what he was saying. The prayer had meaning that did not depend on knowing. It was an invocation for the larger liturgy of the meal. Its meaning beyond language had to do with bonds. My bonds to the food, my parents and sister the aunts and uncles and cousins and grandparents there the warmth of the room the celestial and human rhythms that brought us to that table and other mysteries beyond these. There came a time when I figured out the words to Pop's prayer but that didn't seem to affect its meaning. It was much much later after turning this memory over and over until it was worn smooth that I realized something important about the prayer. I had thought it was a prayer of thanksgiving but Pop did not say Lord thank you. He said Lord make us thankful. It was a prayer of petition. We were beginning those special meals not with thanks for the bountiful gifts before us and around us but with a confession that we were not thankful enough. Make us thankful. Wake us up. Our gratitude is dulled by the very abundance of what we have. Bring us somehow to enough clarity of vision to see what a miracle is this creation in which we find ourselves. In truth we are not thankful enough a confession with which to bring every prayer. Amen. It was a fun service to put together because they picked the music first. In her poem entitled otherwise the poet Jane Kenyon writes I got out of bed on two strong legs it might have been otherwise I ate cereal, sweet milk, ripe flawless peach it might have been otherwise I took the dog uphill to the birch wood all morning I did the work I love at noon I lay down with my mate it might have been otherwise we ate dinner together at a table with silver candlesticks it might have been otherwise I slept in a bed in a room with paintings on the walls and planned another day just like this day but one day I know it will be otherwise Kenyon wrote this poem in 1993 upon hearing of her husband's cancer diagnosis yet it was Kenyon, not her husband who died a year later at the age of 47 from a fierce and swift onslaught of leukemia her otherwise came unexpectedly with the sunrise one day with no regard for the perfect peach the dog or the candlesticks her life suddenly became otherwise yet the poet found ways to remain grateful during her final days she wrote these words a poem called Twilight After Haying yes long shadows go out from the bales and yes the soul must part from the body what else could it do these things happen the soul's bliss and suffering are bound together like the grasses to the last Kenyon lived a life filled with humility and gratitude she found what some may call a life of absolute thankfulness the essayist Gary Roberts wrote about her in contemporary women poets that her poetry was acutely faithful to the familiarities and mysteries of home life and it is distinguished by intense calmness and gratitude in the face of both joyous times and immense tragedy in times of great abundance gratitude can come so easily that it seems like an effortless natural reaction when something wonderful happens it's difficult not to be thankful but such automatic gratitude such absolute thankfulness can desert us in times of adversity and loss suffering takes away the easy gratitude and we search to find ways to regain the ability to appreciate the good things we still enjoy the pleasures we once shared ways to ward off the depression, anger, resentment that could be so much easier there's a story that says the teacher in India was asked what is the worst karma a person can undergo what is the greatest difficulty and the teacher's reply was that the worst karma is to be ungrateful if you suffer from ingratitude then it won't matter what blessings and goodness are in your life you won't be capable of receiving it in contrast he said if you are grateful in the most challenging of circumstances you will be able to recognize the many gifts you are receiving I believe there's great truth in this teacher's statement but it troubles me we know that humans are hardwired to see the negative to focus on what is wrong in a situation to obsess over what we are missing what we lack instead of seeing the many blessings we are graced with each day neuroscientists tell us it is evolutionary safety if we didn't focus on the harmful or the dangerous our species may have died out long ago there are many jokes about this piece of being human Garrison Keeler tells the story of the grandmother who is walking her 5 year old grandson on the beach when suddenly a huge wave comes up and grabs the child and carries him out to sea she looks up to the sky shakes her fist and yells God this is unacceptable you cannot take an innocent child and just as those words come out of her mouth and other wave comes and deposits the child smiling right back at her feet she picks up the child in her arms looks up to the sky and says this child had a hat if this is our response to life circumstances then we are going to be living with the worst karma ever how we overcome this tendency to see and focus on what's wrong and find ways to live from a place of gratitude is a bit of a mystery so I went on a search for some guides those whose lives have held up under adversity or who realize that gratitude is more than an attitude but a practice, a discipline a way of being in the world that changes you and those around you Jane Kenyon is one and Ellie Vazelle is another he said no one is as capable of gratitude as one who has emerged from the kingdom of night he knew first hand the cruelties of loss loss of faith, loss of family loss of any semblance of humanity he was asked during an interview whether after all the tragedy that he had experienced and witnessed during the Holocaust whether he still had a place inside of him for gratefulness his words absolutely right after the war I went around telling people thank you, thank you just for living for being human and to this day the words that come most frequently from my lips are thank you when a person doesn't have gratitude something is missing in their humanity a person can almost be defined by their attitude toward gratitude for me every hour is grace and I feel gratitude in my heart each time I can meet someone and see their smile for Vazelle gratitude is the key that helps us escape from the kingdom of night those moments of suffering that trap us in despair searching for and being thankful for what is positive he says breaks the stronghold of suffering he wrote this simple process has the power to transform you if the dust settles and you're still standing there's a reason for it now start walking you can leave the kingdom of night you can start toward those gates right now your freedom begins with being thankful for the small things gaining courage and strength to reach for the big things gratitude is the way the heart remembers remembers kindness cherished interactions with others compassionate acts of strangers surprise gifts everyday moments of beauty by remembering we honor and acknowledge the many ways in which who and what we are is connected to the gifts and the support of others how we have been shaped by those who have loved us how we have been guided by many hands Ellie Vizell reminds us that paradoxically in gratitude we must recall the bleak times as well as the good times our gratitude he says bears witness to the suffering that has taken place when suffering occurs our gratitude can take on a defiant character a vigorous determination to stay grateful in spite of what has happened this defiant gratitude is a gift that he and other survivors of atrocities give to each of us in coming close to death he shows us how to live in the midst of dehumanizing conditions he teaches us how to be human I also found the father of gratitude this week in rediscovering the work of brother David Steindl Rast a benedicting monk and scholar teacher, author his message is essentially very simple he says gratefulness, great fullness is the full response of the human heart to the grace of all that is his words echo that of Jane Kenyon and Ellie Vizell and he gives us a very easy way to remember he says that we learn gratitude just as we learned how to cross the street stop, look and go the first step is to stop or wake up cultivating gratitude begins with acknowledgement he writes to begin with we can never be grateful unless we wake up wake up to what? to surprise, to blessing, to life and then when we take that moment to pause we move on to step two which is to look what am I grateful for in this moment what can I find he writes that there's a simple question that helps him to remember this second step and that is what's my opportunity here you will find that most of the time the opportunity that a given moment offers you is an opportunity to enjoy to enjoy sound, smells, tastes, texture, colors and with deeper joy, friendship, kindness, patience all those gifts that soften the soil of our heart like a warm spring rain this step, look brings me back to Kenyon's poem and the recognition of awe and wonder and the knowledge that tomorrow might be otherwise enjoy this moment, this day simply enjoy I hold this vivid memory of my grandmother sitting at her kitchen table during some family holiday and she's looking at her seven grown children all bustling around with her 20 plus grandchildren and she's looking at the newest one maybe two weeks old and the absolutely exhausted parents and she's saying to them the days are long the nights even longer but the years are so very very short now in my mind, my young mind I saw this as some kind of Zen Cohen that I needed to work out some riddle my grandmother was giving me to solve it wasn't solved until I had children of my own and I had this moment of clarity where I thought whoa, she was very very right on Friday when our oldest graduated from elementary school and I wondered where had those years gone her words came back to me not as a riddle but as a reminder the days are long the nights are longer but the years are so very very short I'm imagining her now sitting at that table she thanked you for everything her life wasn't an easy one long hours in a factory coming home to seven admittedly unruly children taking care of an ill sister and aging parents all living under the roof of a teeny tiny house yet she was grateful it was a practice in her life to stop for just a moment and look for the good appreciate the relationships the simple pleasures, the love of family because no moment is a given it all goes by so very very fast step three Steindl Rass says is go or respond once we're in the habit of being awake to surprises and being aware that each moment offers us an opportunity it becomes possible and even easy to respond especially when we're offered a moment to enjoy something he says when a sudden rain shower is no longer just an inconvenience but a surprise gift you will spontaneously rise to the opportunity for enjoyment my simple recipe for a day is this stop and wake up look and be aware of what you see then go on with all the alertness you can muster for the opportunity the next moment will offer to experience absolute thankfulness you must develop a practice perhaps something as simple as stop look go without practice there's no development of skill only an idea you need to develop new habits of attention notice the concrete ways that others and the world support you every day write thank you notes to the people in your life and send them write silly thank you notes that you're never going to send dear sappy song on the radio thank you for coming on while I was in the car I needed a good cry dear headache thank you for kicking in today and reminding me of the importance of self care dear children's book authors everywhere thank you for writing books that make us laugh make us wonder and help me spend precious time with my kids dear dogs that are currently shedding all over the couch thanks for that extra energy today because I really needed the walk too dear parents, dear friends, dear coworkers, dear planet, dear universe who would you send a note to today? a life of thankfulness comes from putting ourselves forward in the world and seeing ourselves not as separate but as connected we see ourselves in relationship with everyone and everything we allow ourselves to embrace the mystery to see the beauty feel the pain stop, look and go and find ways to get up and be grateful again and again our final thoughts come from Anne Sexton who wrote this poem called Welcome Morning there's joy in it all in the hair I brush each morning in the cannon towel newly washed that I rub my body with each morning in the chapel of eggs I cook each morning in the outcry from the kettle that heats my coffee each morning in the spoon and the chair that cry hello there, Anne, each morning in the godhead of the table that I set in my silver plate cup upon each morning all this is God right here in my pea green house each morning and I mean though often forget to give thanks to faint down by the kitchen table in a prayer of rejoicing as the holy birds at the kitchen window peck into their marriage of seeds so while I think of it let me paint a thank you on my palm for this God, this laughter of the morning lest it go unspoken may we go forward each day uttering that one all-purpose prayer from the depths of a grateful heart thank you thank you for giving me this life in this precious moment good, bad, or otherwise and I now invite you into the giving and receiving of today's offering which during the summer months our offering goes to continue the work of this society and we thank you for your generosity to share pieces of our lives with one another we share our sorrows and our difficulties knowing that pain and loss come into each person's life knowing that together we offer comfort we also share our joys with one another knowing that joy comes into all our lives knowing that together our voices can rise and we share our sorrows of celebration this week we hold in our hearts Mary Jane Brummer and her husband Dave Zirath as Mary Jane recovers from heart surgery and please keep the family of Mary Paul in your thoughts and prayers Mary passed away after battling breast cancer and our great joy that someone wrote in the book that our former minister Karen Gustafson is with us this morning and that brings all of us great joy and I am sure many, many hugs in the next hour she'll be out there may we hold in our hearts gratitude for those things that bless us with their presence forgiveness for ourselves and others when we turn away from those blessings and the willingness to open ourselves anew to this beautiful and hurting world amen and blessed be and if you will rise in body or spirit our closing hymn is number 317 gratitude for the wondrous gifts that are ours and filled with the resolve to share them with all who are in need may we hold precious one another in the world which provides us with life and beauty and may a song of thanksgiving be on our lips today and always blessed be, go in peace and please be seated for the post-food


Well, good morning, everyone. Welcome to DEF CON again. We're glad to see you all up this morning. And my name is Mark Tobias. This is Tobias Blues-Manus, my partner. And hopefully they'll get our audio problems dealt with and our ‑‑ hey, okay. Okay. So we got video on both screens. Right, no teleprompter, but the president is not here either. So Tobias and I work for security labs, which is in our office, and we work for a number of major lock companies in the world. We have a team that analyzes mainly high security locks with some consumer level products as well for security vulnerabilities, mainly for covert entry. So a few years ago at DEF CON, we talked about a number of different consumer level locks, but not really in detail. And as a result of that, we ended up filing a complaint with one of the standards organizations about the lock we're going to talk about today. And we figured a couple years ago by some things would occur, maybe the problems would be remedied, but they weren't. So today we're ‑‑ now the monitor went away here, but I guess we're okay. So today we're going to talk about one of the most popular consumer level mechanical cylinders in the United States. And the problems, the design problems that we found. How many of you guys have this lock on your doors?  So this is probably in the United States. There's really two major consumer level brands in the United States. This is one of them. And they're in every DIY store, hardware store. And a lot of folks believe that these are really secure. And in many ways they are. The problem is, as we'll point out to you, in critical ways they're not. So we're going to go through ‑‑ we've done a pretty detailed slide presentation and with a lot of graphics and animation that we hope you guys enjoy to detail the problems. And we recognize that a lot of folks can't afford high‑security cylinders that are $7,500, $150 apiece. We do understand that. And I guess some locks is better than no locks on your door, but there's also a false sense of security that these kind of locks provide a higher‑level security than they do. And that's also enhanced by packaging and marketing statements by the manufacturers, especially with regard to the Builders Hardware Manufacturers Association standard. It's a consumer commercial level standard that has much more to do with endurance and durability than security. And that's the case in this lock. So quick sets are really easy to understand. Today we're going to talk about their smart key versus conventional pin tumbler locks and a number of ways that we've determined to open them very rapidly and to present some serious vulnerabilities. Now you'll notice that the lock on the left‑hand side of the screen, that's a smart key because it's got a little slot to the left of the keyway. That means that it's a reprogrammable lock. So what we're going to do is begin this morning, letting you listen to a couple pieces of audio. We called customer service repeatedly to ask them how secure their locks were as if we were going to buy some. And we wanted to set the stage because this ‑‑ either these folks aren't trained properly or they're making statements that they shouldn't be making. So either way, we thought you would enjoy the questions. These are about two minute clips each. And nothing's been edited out that was relevant. Only the chit chat between us. But these ‑‑ I tried to edit out to the relevant statement. So this first one was in June of this year with Brian. Quick set, this is Brian. Can I help you? Say a couple questions on smart key. Okay. So my only concern is, is quick set comfortable and basically debunk this, that there's no way to stick a screwdriver, you know, just a common tool, into the lock and open it. No, that would be a negative. I mean, if it was that easy to pick a quick set lock, they would be having to do recalls, okay, if this customer's got this unit, you get a call tag and have a prepaid label sent out and send that back to our quality control. There's nothing like that. It's business as usual. Is there any ‑‑ are you guys aware of being trained any tools out there that will open these or is this just all nonsense? No, without the actual key for the unit itself, no. You can't open it. Okay. So as far as ‑‑ just so I can tell my boss, as far as quick set is concerned, other than drilling these, if you don't have the key, you're not going to get in. No. And that's the bottom line. Just sticking anything foreign inside of the keyway is just going to make it that much harder to open up. Okay. So basically what you're telling me is it isn't going to happen. You can sabotage the keyway, which will ‑‑ Yeah, but ‑‑ Okay. So that was ‑‑ that was Brian. Okay. So you're starting to get the picture. So this is Satima. Oh, and sir, how can I help you? Are you tech support? Yes, ma'am. Ma'am, we're looking at buying a large amount of your smart key cylinders. And then I have some questions. Sure, go ahead. Are you technical? Yes. Okay. How about forced entry? How difficult are they? Like the old locks, you could like take a screwdriver and put a lot of pressure on it. Yeah, same thing with these.  That's what the screwdriver would do, right? Force the springs to align and open the lock. With these ones, you can't even put a flat screwdriver in there. You can't. You can't, no. Because there's racks, we call them. Okay. Coming from up and down, you know, up and down direction, not just up. Okay. So this stuff on the Internet is not true. That you can take a screwdriver and open them. No, no. We were aware of that video and, you know, we found out about it. But they did something else before they showed that video. That's what it was. I believe that's what I heard, that it was, they had to do something else to the cylinder and then they recorded the video with just using a flat screwdriver and opening. That's not how it works. So if somebody walks up to a lock on one of our apartments, unless they can take that lock apart, you're telling me they can't open it without the right keys. That's correct. Right. Is there a quick way of forcing these open? No. That a burglar could do like in 30 seconds, you know, 15 seconds. No. Is there anything that you guys have been trained on or aware of? Oh, no. I don't know. Nothing like that. There's no tool that you can just put in the cylinder and pop it open. There isn't. There's no emergency key that you can, or we send you that will open it. Nothing like that. What to say with all, I mean, how long you've been with Kwikset dealing with these? Four years. Let's just take a four inch or a 16 screwdriver, which everybody has in their kitchen drawer, and you stick it in the lock and you take a pair of pliers or a vice grip and you turn it. Can you open the lock? No. What about sticking a wire through the, where the key goes in or any other way? Now don't jump ahead of yourself. No. You can't put it up a wire or anything like that. You cannot. No, you cannot. Okay, so you wouldn't worry about putting these to protect valuables, you know, to put at your house or your apartment? Not at all. Okay, so that's what the public is told if you call in and want to know if these locks are secure. So unfortunately, and I don't think there's any malice on the part of their employees, they just don't know. They have not been educated. There was plenty of stuff on the net a couple years ago that they referred to and I just don't think they know or they've been told not to say it. We don't know. So the reality is, as we can see from the show of hands, there's millions of these locks used in America, homes, apartments, businesses. They're inexpensive. The cylinders run $20 to $30, maybe $40 apiece. They have pin tumbler models and they have smart key models. They have dead bolts and they also have electronic cylinders. So it is one of the most popular locks in America. And they've been in business actually for about 60 years and again they have a very diversified product line. These are some of their distribution channels as you recognize home depots, Lowe's, Ace Hardware, lots of folks are carrying these locks. And mainly they're sold through DIY channels and DIY channels rather than the locksmiths. A lot of locksmiths actually don't care for these cylinders because it circumvents their revenue and their low quality locks. And this is a shot I think from Home Depot. And they're very, very prevalent. They've got great marketing. They're in residential and apartment facilities. So Kwikset, Weiser, Baldwin, the basics. Toby? All right. We're talking about pin tumbler locks, which is their older version and smart key. Smart key will show you the difference. In some ways it is a very clever lock. The pin tumbler locks they sell are five or six pin. The smart key is five pin. The smart key, there's some attributes that the pin tumbler locks don't have as far as security. The pin tumbler locks, if some of you guys were around several years ago, we had little 11-year-old Jenna Lynn bumping them open. Y'all remember Jenna Lynn? She's probably in college now. But she became a YouTube star. A little girl in one minute figured out how to open these locks. Whack, whack, they're open. The problem is they all have the same keyway. There's no duplication protection. There's no key control protection. These are definitely not for high security installations. They're mainly residential and apartments. So Kwikset history, as I said, they've been around about 60 years. They're very easily compromised. And the smart key actually was introduced around 2008. But probably a lot of you folks still have pin tumbler locks. You probably wouldn't know the difference unless you look at the little slot, the right-hand photograph, the little slot to the left of the keyway, that indicates Kwikset. But it's the same key that will open these locks. So here's the difference. On the left is a pin tumbler where it's a conventional lock with two pins and a spring in each chamber. On the right-hand side is smart key. It's much more complicated design, but same key will open it. Yeah. And actually... You can see also that what they share is the same key. What Kwikset did with this design is trying to use the same key for their locks. So you have one that is a pin tumbler design. And the other one that you can reprogram and supposedly be more secure, you cannot bump. You cannot pick. Pick open the lock. You can probably... Other attacks like impressioning the key. You cannot do that with Kwikset. But on the trade-off, we find ways more easy to open these Kwikset locks. Okay. So pin tumbler design, they're essentially not secure unless they're a high-security lock with a number of added-on attributes. Pin tumbler locks, essentially, in this category are easy to pick, easy to bump open, easy to impression. They're easy to mechanically bypass. They can be master keyed. And it's also fairly easy to determine what the top-level master key is. And there's limited number of combinations. And these locks are fairly low-tolerance locks. So there are many fewer keys that in the universal keys will open these locks. So the pin tumbler lock... Go ahead. Okay. So we're going to go first on how a pin tumbler cylinder works. Okay? In this case, we have a Kwikset cylinder. This is what you see from the outside. And the parts, we have a shell that is the outside portion, the plug, and the key slot where you put the key. That's what mainly more people know about the lock. So what is inside is a pin stack. You have a spring and a series of pin tumblers. And you have a shear line. That shear line is where you have to move the pin stack in order to create a clear surface. Separate those pins in order for the lock to turn. Okay? So that's the basics of a pin tumbler. You have to get that pin on shear line, depending on the height of the key, so you can unlock the cylinder. Now, that's one pin. On a regular pin tumbler, you have more than one pin. You have, in this case, five pins, different heights on the bottom pin, which is the portion that fits the key. So when you put the key, you see all the bottom pins line up with the cylinder. So that cylinder can turn if the matching pins match the key. So if you put a wrong key, what you have is some pins either extend to the block or something from the top blocking the rotation of that pin. It's a very simple design. Has been for many, many years. And most manufacturers work around this design, adding sidebars, third levels of locking devices. But it's the most common element. Are we okay? Okay. Okay. So that's what is inside on a regular pin tumbler. And we said this mark key is not a pin tumbler lock. If you look inside these very different components that will make that lock be able to reprogram the lock to any specific key and to make it more secure against bumping and peeking and some sort of impressioning with techniques. Okay. So this is what the inside of a smart key looks like and we'll blow this up in just a minute. But this is a sidebar based lock, which means that it's a different locking mechanism that keeps the plug where you stick the key into from turning. And this design actually was developed in 1978. The original design here was in over a million hotel rooms because it was the first real programmable lock. Very, very clever. And then it was improved by a company in Italy called Rialda and then Quickset took the Rialda design and modified it for the consumer market in the United States. So attributes of smart key, it's only a five pin lock and when we say pins, they're really not pins, they're sliders and there's a really big difference. Pins mechanically and physically are secure against torque and forced attack. The sliders in these locks are not quite so secure. In this lock, there's one sidebar that really provides the entire security of this lock. It's extremely pick resistant. There's an underwriters laboratory standard 437 which defines picking for commercial and high security locks. Quickset actually meets this standard. That means these cannot be picked in under ten minutes. They are very, very pick resistant and they also cannot be bumped, period because there's no pin tumblers. And so there's nothing to bump open which in a way as we refer to this lock it's one of the most secure insecure locks in America. Now, obviously those are opposite ends of the spectrum but that's what it is because from the picking standpoint from the impressioning standpoint from the bumping standpoint you're essentially not going to open them. Because that's trumped by other ways that we'll show you. The other really cool thing how many of you have smart key versus the old pin tumblers or do you know? Oh, so not that many. Well, smart key they're actually backwards compatible. Smart key you can instantly reprogram them without a locksmith. You stick the correct key into the lock turn it about 30 degrees it's a very, very clever and desirable option in the marketplace but there's a lot of security trade-offs to get there. No, definitely. We have to also understand that the space that they have to work is always the same. So to put all these different attributes in a lock it becomes very difficult task to do. Attributes that has one primary keyway everywhere which is really a problem because it's easy to make keys or duplicate keys. There is no key control. Now, they make a special deadbolt lock for master keying limited master keying for like apartment houses that we'll show you. And they think that that key cannot be duplicated easily. We'll show you how that happens. This one? We show you at the beginning how a pink tumbler lock works and this is the smart key. The first thing that you notice from the outside is that little slot on the side. That's to change the combination when you follow the right procedure. So we told you that on the inside it's totally different. This lock is based on a sidebar design. You see a pin, you see a slider next to the pin and the sidebar. And the sidebar is in purple. So when we put torque on that cylinder the sidebar tries to retract but it's blocked by that slider. So in order for that lock to open the pin has to move the slider to the right height so the sidebar can enter the groove of the slider and the lock can be open. So that's the principle of the smart key as far as the slider sidebar combination. So and the way that they can make the different with that they fit the pin to the slider with these different channels the slider is at the same position the sidebar at the same position but the pin configuration changes for the different depths from one through six. The relationship between the pin tumbler on the right hand side and the yellow slider those separate in reprogramming mode so that they index to one of the six different little teeth on the slider and then they bring it back together that's how the combination has changed in this lock. And it's the same thing it's not only one pin a slider combination we have in total for the smart key we have five pins and five sliders so the sliders are the ones that sets the combination inside the smart key cylinder so when you put the key and the key is set to that combination you see the red dot that's where the sidebar drops okay so when the sidebar drops at that combination that lock can be open and the pins just follow the combination of the key in this case we have two six three four one is the individual depth of each key so if we want to rekey the lock we have to put the working key into the lock they have a special tool that it will move a block in like a hob that house all those sliders and what happened is that the sliders separate from the pins so now we can remove the pins but the pins the sliders are at the same they're a shear line with the they're locked into position so they can't go anywhere until we stick another key in so we can put another key that key sets to the combination of the key and then we have to bring all those sliders back to engage again to the sliders the pins so we have a new key working for this lock so it's a very clever design that they have a bolt bearing to prevent also yeah okay so these are the components that okay so this shows the five pin tumblers that the key responds to lock together to make this lock work so and the two bottom pieces are the sidebars that actually stop that plug from turning and this is what the plug looks like yeah, their pins are like hallows so you can put the pins they have a cover so you see the tabs where the sliders goes and you have that hob that puts the slider together with the sidebar so can now let's talk about master key systems before we get to the attacks so in conventional master key systems and pin tumbler locks we have one key that can open many locks and there's potentially many different levels of keying because we have an extra pin in each chamber and that creates a whole bunch of different shear lines conventional locks are expensive and there's also what we call incidental master keys there's a lot of keys that will open a master key cylinder that really aren't intended and that's a problem and that's a problem well actually what happened with master key system those unintended keys they tried to use those to work in the system so it depends how the people who's doing the master key but you have more than two keys working on the system and we're going to show pretty much how a master key system works and as we pointed out many years ago conventional master key systems if they're not high security they can be also easily compromised but in a different way so we can figure out what the top level master key is in the system so remember the pin tumbler lock and then it has one pin the spring, top pin, bottom pin now we have another pin that we are that we are creating two shear lines you see right there we can split the pin and the lock opens we have one depth for that pin but it's also another shear line so we have two depths that opens in that specific chamber but again if this is not a lock is not one pin so we for this example we put another split pin we put a master that's called a master wafer and the rest we left the pins like that so we have a key that makes the shear line so that key will open the cylinder we also have a B key that can open that cylinder where the two intended keys when we are making a master key system and we have to understand also that when people say I have a master key there's no such thing that as a master key for a GM car you have to set a master key system in a pin tumbler lock when somebody said I have a master key the system is set to work with this master wafer in order to set the system to open different locks so the problem is now that we have two unintended keys key C and key B that will also open that lock and if we add more master wafer that number is going to increase it's an exponential number and in some cases depending on the person who is doing the job they can put even more master wafer and that creates many many coincidences of keys and they are not secure and it can also make the lock a lot easier to pick the other problem with Quixit for example is the keyway is so common and they have so many different individual keys that they can use probably your home key a commercial facility that has been rekeyed and has a master key system is potentially that one of your keys can open one or more of those locks so Quixit came up with what they call key control which is actually it's basically a one level master key system there's two cores in one cylinder it's actually a clever system for apartment houses where you only need one level of master keys there's two separate keyways supposedly that are secure that one won't go into the other so the apartment user the apartment tenant has one key their change key and the management has a key that will open the other core in the lock it's actually very clever no locksmith is required they instantly change your master key systems there are 46,000 theoretical combinations they're good for facilities that need a very limited kind of system so actually it's a very clever system however it's got the same security vulnerabilities as the single lock and again they can be instantly reprogrammed so and you do not have the cross key problem in the Quixit system that you have unconventional master key systems it doesn't exist so the problem is they can also be compromised in 15 seconds so security what you get is what you pay for does anybody expect a 20 to 30 dollar lock to actually be secure and that's the question and again we understand that a lot of folks can't afford high security locks but we also believe that the public has a right to understand so they can make the decision knowingly and intelligently whether they'll accept the risk so as we say there's millions of facilities that can be at risk here and there's a false sense of security as we talked about between the BHMA standard that says this is the highest grade of security for residential and the anti-picking anti-bumping so we're going to go through we've heard the tech reps at Quixit say there's no way to get into these locks if you don't have the key or you got to drill them and destroy them okay so smart key design issues the problem is with the sidebar and the sliders there's only one layer of security and our problem is these little sliders that you see they're very fragile and there's also maintenance problems mobility problems and low tolerance with the lock so we're and the real problem is we're going to show you in a minute you can apply torque to these plugs and open them so here's the attack methodology that we came up with try out keys wire through the keyway visually reading the sidebar and the slider positions torque the plug other than that they're very secure locks okay so first of all try out keys probably most of you guys aren't old enough to remember in the 60s we had 64 keys that would open all General Motors cars 64 because we split the difference we exploited the tolerance in the locks I'm talking that there's no such thing as a master key system for GMs and you say that they're try out keys you jiggle them in the keyway sometimes they would open most of the time but what you're doing is cutting the tolerance in half and the same thing in quick set so basically with six depths in a quick set most of the time we can make three depths equal six depths so here is a graphic the six steps on a quick set key one, two, three, four, five, six cuts depth increment key of one, one and a half and two three, three and a half and four, five, five and a half and six we didn't do this this is something that we test on their smart key this is an old type of attack try to split the difference between one cut and the other one because the tolerances you need tolerances for this lock to work so the next problem has always been their problem and it's called the tail piece design and this is the linkage when you insert the key into the plug the plug has to talk to the bolt or the latch to communicate the energy to withdraw or lock the bolt so with quick set this is hollow on one side it's square and it's hollow so it'll interface on both sides of the door together with the bolt so this is a huge problem so this is one of the attacks that we developed on one of their older key and knob cylinders this is a special key that we made on the bottom that if we knock out the piece at the end of the key way so there's a slot we can go right through that and open the lock so should we run it? so if you stick that in literally in five seconds the knob lock is open this is another design this is an old design and actually this is a pin tumbler lock they share the same configuration but the back was covered by like 20,000 of an inch thick of brass so we were just piercing that with an old quick set key that you can get anywhere like a piece of wire that it was bent to accommodate the this one this is on the quick set smart key and we're going to show how we can access the tail piece you tell us whether you think this is secure whether you think this is secure this attack on the tail piece quick set smart key and earlier cylinders is based on the design of the tail piece by quick set it's hollow and it's square which allows us to pierce the cap at the end of the plug and insert a wire that's been formed to catch the edges of the tail piece and turn it okay the first thing is to introduce the tool like a regular key I'm going to put tension and that tension is going to make the sidebar block the slider so I can remove the tool and the reason is I need to put the tool backwards so we can start piercing from the top that's the complicated part yeah a sharp piece of metal that's the complicated part now so you can see the back on one side and let's see this so this is a complicated part that you have to use the pliers yeah that's why I let him do it you know I always get the complicated part and now we have an opening for the wire so now we can access the tail piece that is attached to that that right here you see I'm moving the keep going because and that's it and that will open the lock so so that's it you put this on the lock there's no damage to the lock your key still works so how many of you still trust your door locks okay next one visual decoding and we didn't show this but we'll tell you you can actually take a little mirror insert it into the lock it takes a little more talent and you can read the position of each of the sliders okay here's the really good one this is as I told Toby he's been torqued off so this is torquing the plug and we actually filed a complaint with the builders hardware manufacturers association a couple years ago it was essentially ignored that we didn't think this lock should be certified as a grade one lock this is the entire security of this lock as far as we're concerned these are sliders as you saw in the diagrams the one on the left is normal the one on the right has been warped maybe it's not straight okay and this is also what happens when you stick a screwdriver into the plug of the lock again it's warped the geometry changes you know we said that the lock is going to be as secure as his weakest link and if the material is not strong enough that's the end of it we also ran some tests and we were able to torque this lock at 112 pound force inches the standard actually requires 300 but their argument was well yeah but you're either sticking a paper clip or a piece of key a broken off piece of key into the keyway there's one element that there's one element that on the cylinder that when we torque the plug we have to introduce a piece of key wire because we need to to lift that slider that is blocking through the the housing because there's three different depths depth one the depth two and the depth three that it will block the physical slider will block the rotation for that for that pin but there is a specific position and it doesn't matter which depth is set the slider the slider is going to get inside the plug so the the only prevent element preventing the cylinder for opening is the slide so here's what happens based on the slider design the six set smart key we contend so that's the smart key we just need to a specific height and we're using a piece of paper clip the sliders to a specific height we just that's also the complicated part and of course I did that part with a very short screw so this is just a standard little screwdriver we just seeded into the keyway you really don't have to bang on it this is a very small vice grip this is your door on your house you see it's already turned you can see the the plug is already turned and once is that you know those sliders bend the plug compresses so now the cylinder can go back and forth there's no now you have to put that piece there and that's the reason why they pass the test of the certification because when they test for this lock they put the screwdriver they torque and they say but the cylinder is open right now okay same problem no key control plastic keys okay this is very impressive that's a master car no that's chase sorry I didn't know so then we figured out how to the lock because we're going to run out of time so basically there's a procedure that we can take six different keys and we can figure out how to decode it those are the depths of each pin but now if we notice that sidebar it really does not engage on the false gate so we design a key that can move basically what we're going to you're going to see here in this video is that if we can remove the key from the cylinder with a specific depth that is an indication that that depth we have decoded the so I don't think we have time to run this video but these are the six keys let me just do part of this okay this is going to be decoding the control cylinder on a quick set this is the problem with our master key depth analysis keys depth probing keys for each of the six depths that we're going to probe in rapid order and determine the essentially the gate positions on each of the sliders so let's start with number six we just have to put the key in put a little bit of torque and try to remove the key if we cannot remove the key it's an indication that that thing is not set for that depth okay basically we go through and probe each of the six sliders and then once we figure out the code we generate a key for it in like ten seconds so we go pin by pin we just put the key in that position try to remove it if it can be removed we record the number that we're using and so basically Toby goes through decodes the entire lock creates a key for it so making the control key as we'll wrap this up this is their master key scheme this is the way that quick set takes the approach for the master key system this is what they call the key control it's not playing it's not playing go ahead so that cylinder has another cylinder on top so that's the scheme that they use it's two cylinders because their platform now is so small that they decided well I can have one key for a user thing is they're so close and all this attack also can be performed under their lock that we thought well this is not secure it's even more insecure because you don't see the cylinder it's on top that the cover has to turn so you can expose the other cylinder so if you torque the plug or you pierce the plug you're never going to notice something that you as a consumer should know that here's the bottom line as we'll sum up this is a very clever design lock in certain respects but it's also extremely insecure in certain respects and so there's really a trade-off and you need to understand when you spend money on locks it's an insurance policy you need to understand that you really do get what you pay for and it may look secure but that as we've shown you it doesn't mean that it is I think that wraps it up for this DEF CON this year we thank you very much for coming and we hope you enjoy this thank you


First, we're going to hear from Sherith Patel. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Let me put to you an analogy. I think this is useful because it's a cryptic form of communicating a number of ideas. Imagine that we have a national health service, that all of medical practice is privatized, and that the government runs the health service, as it did for many years in the UK. Now imagine that the government decides it doesn't need doctors. After all, the pharmaceutical companies know what drugs are good for what disease. So let the pharmaceutical companies prescribe medicines for different ailments. And the whole thing can be run by government, directly. The parallel is that we have no planners in the city anymore. The government has systematically dismantled planning. So in the last 20 years, parallel to a situation where you would have no doctors, we have no planners. We have instead a set of development control regulations emanating from government. You could have a similar set of health control regulations emanating from government, but after this and that symptom, this is the medicine to take. And everything runs very smoothly because the government regulations prescribe what is to be done in what case. And in the case of planning, the developers decide what's to be done. There's no need for planners anymore. Mr. Mukesh Mehta, by his own admission, is a planner from New York. He knows what's to be done about Dharavi. There's no need for any planning of any kind. There are no detailed plans, and nobody sees the need for them. I heard two numbers this morning. Mr. Kshatriya said that, or earlier this afternoon, sorry, he said there were 70,000 families to be rehoused. And in one of his slides, Mr. Mukesh Mehta showed that the area of Dharavi is 236 hectares. So 70,000 families with a family size averaging five is three and a half lakh people. Three and a half lakh people on 2.2 square kilometers is about 150,000 persons per square kilometer. Now Bhuleshwar Kalbadevi is about 100,000 per square kilometer. It's the densest locality in the world. It's 70% more crowded than its next competitor, which is in Shanghai, which has 55,000. Bhuleshwar has 95,000 or 100,000. And these numbers suggest that we are planning 150,000. That's just the people in Dharavi. In addition, we are expecting to put new construction there, which people will buy, in order to finance the free housing for slum dwellers. I don't see how this can work. Now, on one very interesting question that you raised about government acquiring land around the city. The new Mumbai project in 1970, when it was launched, started with the government acquiring 345 square kilometers of land on the mainland across the harbor. This was all acquired and made government property. What's happening now is that we are selling that land to private owners to establish ACZs. ACZs are zones where they establish economic activities plus housing. So government is actually surrendering the right to develop this land which was acquired, and we are moving from the South American model to the North American model. On the issue you raised of land supply, I think it's being kept deliberately short. There are many things government can do to increase the land supply, and they are not being done. And I think this is part of an unstated deliberate policy. The salt pan lands could be acquired, we are going slow on that. The port trust lands could be, part of them certainly could be reused. That's not being done. Railways of surplus lands. The Urban Land Sealing Act locks up large tracts of land. The intention originally was that government would acquire this land and use it for housing. Government has taken no steps in that direction. And it locks it up so that the owner can't do anything either. It's just locked up. So I think land is being kept deliberately in short supply. And as regards this FSI-4, this is my last point, you have to look at FSI in the context of the amount of built up floor space consumed per person. In Mumbai's slum rehousing, it is five square meters per capita. In New York, it is 65 square meters per capita. That's 13 times as much. If you have an FSI of four in Bombay, that corresponds to an FSI of 13 times that, that is 52 in New York. I think even New York would book at an FSI of 52. Thank you. Thank you Sherif. We next are going to hear from our last participant who is PK Das, who is with the slum dwellers organization, Navarra Huck. But I also want to acknowledge that you were part of the Bandra Waterfront Center, which is one of the winners of the Urban Age Award for your project, for opening up the city to the sea, which is a very ambitious and exciting project. So congratulations to you for that. Thank you, Darren. I have probably just about five minutes or less than that, so I just make about, okay, three minutes. So I have five points I thought I'd make in five minutes, but I cut that down. Just quick summary of key issues that I derive from the various speakers, and I relate to from my experiences in Mumbai, very broadly two points. One is I think these are two aspects that we haven't really dealt with or mentioned much, the second we have, the first we haven't. I think a city like Mumbai, it's the housing as a real estate agenda is something that we've really not discussed. We know that the politics of the city, the making of the city, has been historically been influenced by the real estate interest. And this is something that we need to really understand in the context, particularly in the context of social housing or mass housing, and how the two are opposite to each other in terms of their fundamental interests. And we have been in this process championing since 1991, which is really a very critical turning point for the city of Mumbai. In fact, for the nation, because in 1991 we pledged our support to liberalism, to privatization and we pursued since then neoliberal policies and the government put its hands up to say we are not going to develop, we are going to facilitate development, set backed out, but what it means by this and what we see from it happening is that it's actually facilitating private agencies from in depleting public assets. And that's a huge problem right now because if a representative government if a state lacks resources which it could actually hold for social development programs and mass housing, it's tripped and it's sort of popularized, the state is popularized. So therefore I think it's these two contexts which are extremely important to understand and we've come to firmly believe as housing activists that the production and supply of affordable housing for the urban poor can only happen through state intervention. Through active role of the state government or the national government and not through private agencies. We've experienced from 1991 to now which is over 26 years. In spite of the private sector taking over dominant role, we have not supplied any housing stock to the market which is affordable for the urban poor. In fact, the government which through its agencies was producing some amount of housing for the poor has stopped producing. Why are slums proliferating? Because poor do not have access to housing stock in the city. As simple as that.


We need prayer warriors now more than ever look at the world around you look at all of the things that are happening look at how the darkness is trying to permeate the globe this is where God has sent you this is the time he has assigned to you these are the gifts that he has given to you this is the passion that he has placed in your heart you are a prayer warrior and I want to show you how to really yield to that grace how to become mightier in prayer number one you have to know your authority the scripture says in Psalm 119 verse 89 your eternal word oh lord stands firm in heaven and that really is the basis for all warfare prayer knowing your authority starts with knowing the word of God Genesis chapter one verses 27 and 28 say this and this is powerful so God created human beings in his own image in the image of God he created them male and female he created them then God blessed them and said be fruitful and multiply fill the earth and govern it rain over the fish in the sea the birds in the sky and all the animals that scurry along the ground now here we see a couple of powerful things number one you and I have been created in the image of God in the likeness of our Heavenly Father then we see that God gave a special assignment to man a partnership man was to steward what God had started man was to cultivate what God had created you and I have been given the responsibility over this earth over this realm we were created we were destined to rule and to reign as servants of the most high God now this actually is why the enemy became jealous over you think about the fact that the enemy said I will ascend to the heights of heaven I will sit on the throne of the most high God he was saying that in his heart he wanted the authority now where did he get that idea where did he get the idea that he could be like the most high God he got that idea from looking at you so the fall of satan really was triggered by his jealousy over the authority that God had given to you and I so you and I since the beginning have had this authority that God had given to us now of course we know when man fell into sin there was a loss of authority that authority restored when Christ died and rose again the bible says in Psalm chapter 8 verses 3 through 8 when I look at the night sky and see the work of your fingers the moon and the stars you set in place what are mere mortals that you should think about them human beings that you should care for them yet you made them only a little lower than God and crown them with glory and honor you gave them charge of everything you made putting all things under their authority the flocks and the herds and all the wild animals the birds in the sky the fish in the sea and everything that swims the ocean currents Ephesians chapter 2 verse 6 says for he raised us from the dead along with Christ watch this now and seated us with him with him in the heavenly realms because we are united with Christ Jesus that is the true source of authority first Corinthians chapter 6 verse 3 says something shocking don't you realize that we will judge angels God has given to you and I power and authority because we are in Christ Jesus now if you want to be a mighty prayer warrior if you want to really engage in intercessory prayer for your loved ones for your local church for your region your city your nation for this world then it begins by knowing your authority and knowing your authority comes when you know the word it begins with the word if you know the word you know your authority number two build strong faith we all know that faith is what pleases God faith is how you do and become all that pleases the father how do you increase your faith well one way is through the word Romans chapter 10 verse 17 says so faith comes from hearing that is hearing the good news about Christ now in context Romans chapter 10 verse 17 is talking about the fact that people receive faith for salvation when they hear the gospel preach to them but the takeaway application the universal general application from that verse is quite simply that the word gives you faith to believe for what it promises when you hear a promise from God when you hear something that he has declared when you hear something that God himself has proclaimed it stirs your faith to believe for that the word gives you the faith to believe for what it promises so if you want to build strong faith so that that faith can back your prayers if you want to build strong faith so that that faith can strengthen you undergird you as you begin to make declarations in the spirit then you must know the word you can see how important the word is to intercessory prayer here so number one you need to know your authority how do you know your authority you know your authority by knowing the word number two you must build strong faith how do you build strong faith you build strong faith by hearing the word the word gives you the faith to believe for what it promises number three leave your burdens on the Lord now this is important especially since many who are in intercessory prayer since many who are graced in this area are sensitive number three is very important now let me clarify what i just said sensitivity is not a curse let me say that again the sensitivity that God gave you is not a curse you see there are some things that God wants to change about us our desire for sin our pride our doubt our fear things like this and then there are some things about us that God doesn't want to change but he wants to capture it's kind of like electricity electricity if it's not grounded or funneled through a wiring system is quite dangerous but once it's been grounded and properly focused it serves a powerful purpose in the same way some of the traits that God has given to you can be looked at as negative if they're not under control this is why we need to learn to capture our traits i'll give you an example i by nature and someone who pays very close attention to details details are very key to me now this is good in the context of putting together a message or a teaching but if i'm driving on the freeway and i'm noticing all the details then i'm also noticing all the possibilities of potential car accidents well that guy speeding the guy behind me doesn't look like he's gonna stop that guy over there off to my left looks like he wants to get over he might miss his exit what if he cuts across traffic causing an accident that guy's tire doesn't look so new that driver up ahead is on his phone and so because my attention to detail is always on in the car when i'm on the freeway i'm analyzing all these different possibilities and that can cause me to become a little bit tense so there is a good example of something about me that is my strength and my weakness my strength and my weakness is that i pay a lot of attention to every detail now god doesn't want to change that about me he wants to capture it in the same way you've been given sensitivity now this is not a curse this is not something that's bad this is not something that's evil unto itself this is a trait that god has given to you he created you with that sensitivity he created you with that that ability to feel very strongly that is from the lord now in certain context it's good in certain context it's bad sometimes it's your strength other times it's your weakness this is why you don't want to change that sensitivity you want to capture it so sensitivity sometimes can cause you to be easily offended sensitivity can sometimes cause you to isolate sensitivity can sometimes cause you to be too judgmental of other people sensitivity can sometimes cause you to keep a record of wrong that's where it's a weakness but that same sensitivity that the lord gave to you can also give you a compassion it can also cause you to notice when others are hurting it can also cause you to notice when others are being left out when others are down when others are fearful when others are depressed and not only does that sensitivity cause you to recognize the pain in others it causes you to want to do something for those with that pain so that sensitivity is good but one of the things that happens to people who engage in warfare prayer or who engage in intercessory prayer again praying for other people other regions other cities and again all believers should be doing this but some people haven't given a special grace an area of focus almost a ministry in this area one of the things that can happen is as you're beginning to pray for others as you're beginning to pray for regions churches leaders and so forth you begin to become burdened with what burdens them now this is good in the sense that it gives you compassion it gives you a love for them but if you're not careful what can begin to happen is you can begin to pick up burdens that don't belong to you you can begin to sense responsibility for things that you're not responsible for you can begin to look around you and say i'm responsible for that person's backsliding i'm responsible for that person's addiction i'm responsible for that person not receiving christ and that sense of responsibility which is misplaced by the way begins to burden you in ways that you shouldn't be burdened and then intercessory prayer makes you moody and cynical and depressed instead of energizing you as it should first peter five seven says give all your worries and cares to god for he cares for you matthew 11 28 through 30 then jesus said come to me all of you who are weary and carry heavy burdens and i will give you rest take my yoke upon you let me teach you because i am humble and gentle at heart and you will find rest for your souls for my yoke is easy to bear and the burden i give you is light so god is not going to give you something that's going to burden you unnecessarily now sometimes we use that word burden in different ways when some people say burden they mean compassion or love or concern that's a good burden but then there is a burden that you're not meant to bear and sometimes by burden people mean i'm responsible for that person i'm responsible for the decisions that they make or i'm responsible for them not being healed i'm responsible for them not being delivered i'm responsible for them not making the right choices and that is an unhealthy sense of burden because you're trying to control what god won't even try to control you're trying to control what god hasn't even put his hands on that's the free will of others so don't take responsibility for the holy spirit's job and don't take responsibility for the individual's free will this is the key to longevity as a prayer warrior because if you're constantly burdened in the negative way again burden as in compassion and concern and love and care that's good but burden as in taking responsibility for others decisions that's not good burden in trying to play the holy spirit that's not good if you're constantly carrying the wrong kind of burden because of your inclination towards sensitivity then that's actually going to take away from your longevity i'm talking about just this dry weary burden state of existence and we're almost martyr like in it i've seen some people oh i just got done praying for for three hours i'm so drained you know they're so dramatic about i'm thinking why are you drained after praying if you're drained after prayer it's because you're giving from the wrong source if you're drained after prayer it's because you're trying to do a job that's not yours if you're drained after prayer it's because you don't connect to the spirit when you pray you're praying from emotion you're praying from intellect you're praying from your own understanding you're you're praying with your own sense of burdens for things that you're not responsible for, and that's gonna take away from the longevity when it comes to being a prayer warrior. This is where you must learn to trust in God's sovereignty. Think about the fact that as much as you care for that person that you're praying for, God cares more. As much as you love that person that you're praying for, God loves them more, and we have to be mindful of that and leave our burdens on the Lord. Number four, pray the word. Matthew chapter six, verses nine through 10 says, so then this is how you should pray. Our Father in heaven hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come, your will be done on earth as it is in heaven. Again, that's Matthew six, nine through 10. Whatever the word promises, you can pray. Think about Moses and how he interceded on behalf of the people of Israel. Think about Abraham and how he interceded on behalf of that wicked city. Now, a lot of people think that Moses and Abraham convinced God to change his mind. This is not possible. Rather, what was happening is they were praying the will of God. When you pray the word, you're praying God's will. We are terraformers in the earth. We change the atmosphere. We cause the earthly to become heavenly. The natural to become supernatural. We shift the atmosphere through our prayers. We're changing the world around us. Terraformers, just like, you know, they're trying to colonize Mars right now by changing the atmosphere, making it livable. They're trying to bring earth to Mars. Well, we bring heaven to earth. We're terraforming earth. We're colonizing earth in the heavenly sense. We're bringing heaven to this world.  It wasn't that God needed them to convince him. Who can convince God? Who's so persuasive that they can convince God? Who knows so much that they can point out something that God has missed? Who is so wise that they can make God go, oh, I didn't think about it from that angle. Maybe you're right, I will change my mind.  Rather, Moses and Abraham were becoming reflections of God. And God, who has chosen, chosen to give authority to man in the earth, was looking for that reflection in the earth. Someone needs to catch this revelation. God was looking for that reflection in the earth. He doesn't need it. He's God. He can do whatever he wants anytime, but he has so chosen to partner with you and I to give us dominion in this earth. And so therefore he chooses to partner with us. He doesn't need us. He could do it all without us. He's got all by himself. But he's chosen to require reflections in the earth. And he's looking for someone who will reflect that word back at him. And that's the signal to terraform earth. That's the signal to say, God, I surrender this to you. Again, let me be very clear. God is sovereign overall. He does not need us, but he's so merciful that he has chosen to include us in the process. He didn't have to do that, but that's just how he chooses to do it at any moment. He could just sidestep that and do whatever he wants. But the way he's chosen to move in the earth is through man. Read the Bible. Read the scripture. Why wouldn't he just send an angel? Why wouldn't he just come? Why? Because he's chosen to move through you and I. That's why he's given us ministry. God at any moment could do anything he wants with or without our help. He is sovereign overall. But in his sovereignty, he has chosen to make it that he is using partnership with man. So that's what God does. He partners with us. And this is why we pray the word because we reflect his will back. And he's looking for willing vessels through whom he can move in the earth. So how do you pray for your loved ones? How do you pray for this world? Well, you pray the word. Whatever the word promises, you can pray. So for example, your prayers can cause a divine safety to cover others. You can take a look at that in 2 Corinthians chapter one, verse 11. You can pray for the salvation of your loved ones. See Romans chapter 10, verse one. You can pray for the wellbeing of cities. See Jeremiah 29, seven. You can pray for the faith of others to be strengthened. See Luke 22, 32. You can pray for leaders and people in positions of authority. See first Timothy chapter two, two, three. You can pray to bring God's blessing to a nation. Second Chronicles seven, 14. So whatever is against the will of God, you can pray against. Whatever is for the will of God, you can pray for. You can pray against sickness. You can pray against demonic powers. You can pray against deception. You can pray against darkness. You can pray the will of God. So pray the word. And in praying the word, you are aligning yourself under the authority of God. And only when we are under the authority of God can we act in the authority of God. Only when we live by the word can we act under the authority of the word. And that is very key. Number five, and this is very key, persist even when you feel like quitting. Matthew chapter seven verse seven says, keep on asking and you will receive what you ask for. Keep on seeking and you will find. Keep on knocking and the door will be opened to you. It's impossible to accomplish nothing in prayer. For every moment you are praying, you are accomplishing something. It's easy to begin to doubt whether or not our prayers are affecting much. Maybe you're praying for a loved one and you're trying to look with the natural eye to see if you can see any changes in them. You're in conversation trying to analyze them and maybe there's an open door here. Maybe the heart is softening. Maybe their demeanor is different this time. What you're doing is you're trying to look for in the natural what is beginning in the spirit. And when things first start to grow, it's in the ground. You're not gonna see the sprout. You're not gonna see the trunk of the tree or the branches or the fruit for a while. Maybe God will work quickly. He does sometimes, but in those instances where he doesn't be discouraged, remember that trees are seeds before they are trees and they grow in the ground first. When you start to pray for a loved one, you may look like I said and say, do I see any changes today? Did they smile at me different? Maybe when I invited them to church this time, it looked like they were a little more willing to come. And so we tried to do that. We tried to look with the natural mind and with the natural eye and we tried to see confirmation in the natural realm what we should already know and believe by faith. Don't wait for the natural realm to confirm what you should already know by faith in the word of God. It may be discouraging. You may find that the more you pray for them, the more angry they get with you. You may find that the more you pray for them, the further in darkness they seem to go, but you cannot judge these things by what you see in the natural. You need to see through the eyes of faith. You have no idea what's going on in the supernatural. You don't know what goes through their mind when they're lying on their beds at night, trying to go to sleep and the Holy Ghost is convicting them. You don't know what dreams God is sending their way. You don't know what people are coming into their lives and what those people are speaking. You don't know how that person is feeling inside. Maybe they're starting to push harder because they're getting more convicted. Maybe they're trying to push you away more because they're trying to test to see if the love that you have for them is true or not. Maybe, just maybe, God is doing something that you can't see yet. Maybe God is growing that seed in the ground and you haven't begun to see it sprout, but it's happening, it's occurring and we know that by faith. Keep on asking. Keep on seeking. Keep on knocking on that door and God's gonna open that door. You will find it. You will receive. Keep praying for that person. Keep praying for that church. Keep praying for that leader. Keep praying for that family member. Keep praying for that miracle. Something is happening whether you see it or not. Whether you feel it or not.  You don't feel the breakthrough occurring, but this is where faith comes in. Faith sees the impossible. Faith sees beyond the natural realm. Faith is the substance of things hoped for. Yeah, I may not be holding it yet, but I'm holding my faith and that faith for it is the substance of it. If I can hold the faith for it, it means I'm already holding the miracle. That is what it means to persistent prayer. Now of course we trust in the sovereignty of God. Of course we know he's ultimately gonna do his will. And in fact, when we pray persistently, we're not persuading God to change his mind. What we're doing is we are aligning our lives and everything around us with the will of God.  Something is happening. I sense the anointing so strong right now. Something is happening. Write it in the comments. Make it that declaration publicly. Say it by faith. Something is happening. Something is happening. Something is happening. Whether I see it or not, whether I feel it or not, whether the natural realm seems to be responding to my prayers or not. Something is happening. The miracle is on the way. Don't be discouraged. God is going to perform his word. The word of God hangs in eternity. It's final. It's the highest authority and God can be trusted to perform what he promised.


My research is about the relationship between productivity growth and the diffusion of new general purpose technologies in two contexts. One is currently the productivity paradox where we've got optimism about technological progress and the potential of new technologies like AI and machine learning at the same time that actual productivity performance is really poor and we explore why that's happening. What we think is most likely is that there are implementation costs that need to be paid. Then the second element that we look at in the research is more general about the relationship between measured productivity growth and technological change and why when a new technology is first diffusing you can actually under-measure productivity growth early and then over-measure it later and we explain why that might happen.