Welcome to Toffy TV, it is the final word joined by John Blaine to discuss last night's victory over Huddersfield Sound. This video is sponsored by One Football One Football's app, makes it easier to keep up with all the latest news, scores and stats in one place to download the One Football app. Click the link in the description. A victory! Yes! Wonderful! In his? In his wonderful! The performance was wonderful, the victory is wonderful! The victory is wonderful! And a clean sheet, away from home! It was last time we got one in there, which one's Laurel and which one's Hardy? There's no Laurel's and there's no Hardy's here. No Yanni's or Laurel's or whatever there is. I thought, you know what? Is that the first clean sheet we've had away from home this season? I don't know. Chelsea? Is it the first win? That's just amazing. Is it the first win? I can't imagine why the Reds are so happy. I don't know. It was Crystal Palace last time we got a clean sheet away from home. I'm okay. So now it's the stats out. Probably answer time. We should have all the results. With the games we won, obviously Leicester, we won 2-1 didn't we? And Berni, we won 5-1. So it probably is going back. Now under all of the ice, we won 2-0 at Huddersfield. So we've had the odd one. But it's few and five between, John. You go to every minute of every game. I'll try to. So if you look on it that way to keep a clean sheet, it's looking almost what? A nine months since we last kept a clean sheet. I mean, Miami was the way it worked last night. So she couldn't go. And the first thing she said to me when I was supposed to after the game was, and Pickford had a clean sheet. And I think that's part of it. I mean, it doesn't really matter sometimes how these things come about. But it's a messaging that can be a rare firm. If you've had a clean sheet, you've had a clean sheet. I think that's part of it. I mean, it doesn't really matter sometimes how these things come about. It's a messaging that can be a rare firm. If you've had a clean sheet, you know, the defensive had a clean sheet. And last night was all about the result, really. And you've just been talking off camera. I mean, about the dug in a bit, you know. And actually, again, when we're walking away from the ground, you're talking to your mates.  But the right outcome is you kept a clean sheet. Well, so we won. Yeah, kept a clean sheet. And we did it with 10 men for half an hour, wherever it was, 25 minutes or something. And that, again, becomes something to build upon, doesn't it? Well, I think that for me, the biggest thing you take from it is they were embarrassed on the weekend. They were embarrassed and rightly so. And they've been giving pelters and rightly so by all angles. They've got it from all angles. And last night was a test of character. You've got to go out and listen, they had a new manager. The crowd would be eyeing him. We know they're very limited, but Millwall were even more limited than what they were. And they've gone out and dug in and threw themselves in the way it's shot and edited a lot away. And that, to me, is something to build on. I wouldn't look at it and go, oh, we're back now, that's it. But you look and go, we've won the game and that's what we had to do for the manager, for the fans, for the players themselves. I think it's though. 10 times a season, that kind of result. Forget about everything else. You should be getting results like that. 13 other teams in the Premier League that are not capable of beating home and away as far as I'm concerned. So you should be doing that. Well, at least 10 times a season you should be going and playing those kind of teams and getting a clean sheet and getting a comfortable win. And if you want to finish seven dothwards, that's whatever you've got to do. And it's not always going to be pretty, of course it's not, but as long as you've got an element of control in the game where you're just sort of keeping them at arm's length, almost like what we did when we went down to 10 men last night, maybe before, and we weren't, because the game was far too open for me when it was 11. When I say open, we were comfortable. I didn't think we were though, no, because of the amount of times we just kept on giving the ball away. That's the point, isn't it? You talk about the symptoms and the causes, but the symptoms over the last however many games it's been is that unforced errors and they were still there last night. That's what I'm saying. I'm not disputing where we went because they had no goal threat. But it's the fact that how many times we just needlessly give the ball away. Trying something clever when something simple was on and that's what I'm saying. That's what I know he's made more than anything and won't jump too far ahead, but descending off was symptomatic of that. We had the ball at the pitch and I think it was Bernard and he tries to do something clever when he should just be doing something simple and this was spoke about when we played Bailey when we were born with in the first half when first half it was five yards, second half we just took a nice little extra touch everyone kept it simple and we waved our way up the pitch and that's what frustrates this team. We've said it loads of times it's this idea that we can jump to nine when we need to go through all the other numbers first before we get there and when we went down to ten minutes I thought we had to do it then. We started the game really well. We were on the front immediately we scored as a good goal lovely little round.  Lovely little round the corner from Bernard and David just put it back into the game. Richard Ellison, like you said before coming in from that left hand a centre four would have been looking for the link ball from Bernard because he's able to come in from the wing but he stayed a late so as he broke back he smashed it in and he was ready for the second one and you're up that's exactly what we needed but if I had any criticism if it was that front end we didn't go for the kill we were in total games we had something like 68% of the ball we were stroking it round they were all effort which you'd expect from a team. The periodically unforced errors putting us under pressure and one was never enough but you know that when you scored that really and it's funny you mentioned Crystal Palace before because in that day we scored that three minute round score when we won a palace step not the call one month you scored that and you're like this is a long way to hang on you're looking for that second goal you write it here on the ball you get into good positions and then someone takes another touch there's a sloppy forward ball there's opportunities there's a daff question because you never know the answer do you the real had we finished the game with 11 men would we have won? I think we would have finished I think we would have but there's a daff question you don't know do you because there's a daff question because I think we sort of got a organisational lift from going down to 10 men because if you had to make some changes they could look down to 10 men what's better to have won the way we did or to have played with 11 and just won 1-0 emotionally it's because when you go down to 10 men and ironically the few times I'll tell you when I say who's playing left back no no but the three times we've gone down to 10 men away we haven't lost have we so it shows that there is that at times you've got to be able to dig in that means that the motivation to be disciplined comes from only having 10 men because they're talking to each other and they can it's like the old thing when all about losing their heads all those speeches and the like or you fall back on process when things are going wrong some of those players have to fall back on what they know particularly the defenders and sometimes they give the impression that when the pressure's on they don't know to fall back now whether the brains are getting befuddled by a manager who wants to play out from the back and all that sort of stuff but sometimes even the best teams they just put the foot through the ball to be fair I don't think we've got centre backs who actually shoot necessarily playing a high line or such and they Michael King does like defending from the 12 edge of the box that's where he feels comfortable and that's where you get criticism then of the manager because he's got that central defender whether he wants it or not he's playing him and King himself again this is the loop isn't it feedback loop thing King himself can say to the manager she'll be able to say I'm comfortable doing that I've got one out bone which is my little clippy thing that I do but I don't want to be told off Mr manager when I put my foot through it I really don't that's where your allidises of this world the presenters say it's safer he didn't like King though he would have sold King if he stayed I think King he played very well last night at the bar almost giving the penalty away unnecessarily at the end getting lucky but he's the one who passes the ball out from the back he's our best defender at doing that and Zoom is able to recover because he's quicker but you're right we probably get caught between too high a line as we did for the sending off maybe it's just somewhere in between where we can recover and it's about awareness but I like the fact that we did some people won't be for some people but I like the fact that we did smash it away from our goal I don't mind that bar back for doing that because we've got another six plays you should be able to do all the silty stuff so I've got no issues especially when we've got runners like the charlers and you can get in behind or like Towson camp when we have Dom up there or Welcot at times when you're going tell you what 10 make them have to clear the ball and we don't it's pass and then like you said people making and before you know it you can see that they go leave give a free kick and it's like but everything's you know if you've got a system and you've got a structure and organisation and all that good stuff and you're under stress you're under pressure but plays have been moved about that had a position whatever whatever you height them all into row triple Z or whatever it is or up the field or whatever there's got to be one of these leaders be set back into shape and so on they don't do it do you think it's just a make up of the team you know when you look at the team because the individual has said this I think it's the formation it's always going to come down to players but how you fit them into a formation and I just don't think we fit them all so when the man has got interviewed and sometimes you have to listen to what they say rather than what the words are don't you know so what I took from his last interview was he didn't use these words certainly but was they know what to do, I told them what to do they've accepted they know what to do and then they don't do it and if that's what's happening it can't be what you just said because until they do as they're told we don't know whether can they do what they're told it's a tiered conversation isn't it until they do as they're told we don't know whether doing as they're told would give us better outcomes and when you say well why are they not doing as they're told is it because they can't and that's what you have to get to and if the manager sort of responding to questions by saying they're not doing as they're told someone should ask the question is that because they can't if you've got to ask them to do things they can't do or they're not capable of or for whatever other reason they won't do if you say to Wolcott you've got to track your man and he just doesn't do it is that because he can't do it he hasn't got the awareness to even know where the man is he's too long he is what he is or can't he be off you know what I mean you find out the reason why he's not doing it that's what I'm saying probably the best example of that is Guilfri Sigarton he keeps on playing him in this position that he seems to be getting worse and worse in and yet last night looking like he played slightly deeper people say he didn't have a very good game but he made more tackles in one game than he had in the previous four and it was the best ever game the best completion was higher it was the best ever performance in terms of defence tackling because he's deeper and you have to dig in last night so it's it's those little factors isn't it if we're playing one off front we need a midfield player to break forward don't we Tom did that last night and that's why people said he had a good game but he wasn't brilliant he just had a good game and he did something that we're not used to seeing which is a midfielder getting into the box and that shows to me that ok maybe the formation is right for the manager but the players don't isn't it funny though when we talk about we're talking about this manager from a defensive point of view sorry defensive players point of view and they split and quote play out from the back and everything and yet if during open play Zuma or Nino is playing or Keane get on the ball it's like Gomez comes to me to you so they don't come out with the ball right and so particularly when Zuma does it because he's a big unit just carry the ball those 15-20 yards but that's like a confident no one's naturally going to fill in behind and in our team the only fan who by default covers players is Gannett who just steps in behind he'll end up at left back or right back or one of the central positions and so we're too predictable it's a formula that's on paper because it's supposed to work and this is why we pass it out from the back and this is what winds people up with when we do that thing where we pass it outwards and then we play another pass and then it ends up at the goalkeeper and the goalkeeper just kicks in and goes well why didn't you do that in the first place it's that idea that those three passers draw three players in and you create that space and that's why the centre back won't go forward with the ball because he's almost just waiting and trying to pull players out and that's great he'll have a goalkeeper who can knock 30 out passes but he doesn't do it he never does it the only place he does it is for England being saying this for the centre figure in the season he never does it for us he ends up hitting it out it does go out to the wide out to play after time but on paper these things all go that works, that works and then you put them into practice and you go I've got the players I want to pick for going I want to put it in there but no one keeps on dropping into space but if I put it, if it bounces off his leg because he hasn't got a good enough touch that plays again that's what I'm saying the manager's got a formula it's too simplistic but that's what management is it's too simplistic because I'm the opposition and I go that's going to zoom it's going to go to Gomez now so I'm just going to stand there and wait but that's what they keep doing zoom is running at me it's mixing it up I always say it about Colman the amount of times when James is getting behind him he plays the same ball the little clip every single time so on the second time he goes through and does it, you centre back so he's going to this away because he's going to think it now if he throws one in front of you centre back on the next one he cuts it back as a defender you're thinking what's he going to do now same with the Charles have you heard Pep talking about what they do or what he coaches generally not recently he fundamentally seems to talk about that when he's coaching around structure clearly he's got his three zones then defends the midfield the last third last third you're on your own once do what you like because then it's unpredictable it's not a bloody man with a white board clearly when they get the ball you've got to reset, you've got to do whatever it is his three second rule or whatever it might be but the structure that wears me mate and all that sort of stuff it's all about defensive actions going forward it's got to be spontaneous it's got to be spontaneous, it's got to be unpredictable it makes it difficult for the opposition to prepare for it because they really just you don't know what you're going to do but you've got to have a mix up and we're so predictable I mean it fell next to me last night when we got a free kick I think it was about 10 or 15 yards inside the half and he went this is going back to bloody pick for this is and you've seen it countless times and I just said nah it's not it does, it does but then it's the whole problem people talk about the derby and say it's the mental thing it's the mental thing I don't have that for a start I just think we're just John's just nailed it we've been playing exactly the same system all season with the same players coaches work hard all week they have fellas who watch video all week if you're playing the same way and you've got the same players doing the same thing they're just going to go this is how they play and this is how we stop it we're not very good at actually what we do play that way then it would work for us wouldn't it because most scenes play the same way because of that but we're just not very good at it that's the difference I don't think you can underestimate that you can do your comfort you're the coach or whatever on Friday you can tell Everton's squad all about Man City let's do it next Monday you can tell them what you like and know what they're going to do doesn't mean you can stop it but if you lack predictability and people don't know that you might change if we start doing whatever we're doing and they've got themselves organised and they can counter that quite comfortably they're the old artists keep doing the same thing and expect a different outcome you've got to change something now what this manager seems to do and other managers do is they think the change is just to change the personnel I'll take a right winger off and put a different right winger on well that's just the same degree of predictability and we've got within our squad the ability to actually change formations haven't we, we could go through it at the back we could do this, we could do that and do the other well as Bernard never tried as a proper number 10 you know he was for seven minutes against Schumann he doesn't get on the ball enough when he's on the ball he's a quick feet all that sort of stuff or give him free reign to move about a bit drop the wingers over oh look 20 minutes go on all those things are predictable and if we want to actually mix it up a bit just find something we've never done before and do it it's like rocky films isn't it keep it and then work your right hand after 12 rounds of getting beaten 10 bells out of it's in with the other one and you can condition everybody can be conditioned to expect things and then you do something different it's why we're all it's why we've all got super licences for me it's that the lack of shots we have on target makes me think that we play up to a certain point and then you've just said that last day that's the bit where the inventedness and that's where players we have the target mode and we have six on target and ten shots which is unbelievable for us because it's normally 20 shots and two on target but you're right it's still the same would you rather us take ten shots in a game and have 75% on target or take 20% shots and have 60% on target 20 because there was a stat the other day I don't know if someone can do that but the principle was there was a thing that CIS came out with about the most efficient teams in Europe in other words how many shots do they have to score a goal no sign of mancy in the top part of that because they shoot so much the arrow is goals per shot it's awful but it doesn't really matter because it does have 30 goals a season and so therefore are we not shooting when we can that's what I think you decided that though was confidence because if you have more shots on target you're shot in a game even if you have less on target that means as a player you feel like you're going to get a chance where as we what we do is we get to the edge of the box and we're not sure when we'll be back down there next this is going to be perfect lad where as we're childhood and so on just have a dig look at when you're playing against a team who's raining shots in that now they might be going wide over or to keep us comfortably catching them football is such a psychological game so when you're playing in a game and you're against a team and they having shots in your mind the perception is we're getting back to the edge and one of these shots are going in your confidence starts getting anything can do your confidence starts getting on the back foot you rack up a good of some night as an away team and evidently just going and after half an hour they've had two shots a goal this is easy and that's essentially what Lester did so most of the other week just like Lester tried everything in the opening 20 minutes to give us a goal twice Harry McGuire just give the ball to us on the edge and we couldn't take it and after like an hour they were like these don't want to win if you shoot on sight who gets discomforted in the opposition first the goalie why are the shots coming in so he starts having to go his defenders must lower their confidence and they have to put bends and they get closer you can lay it off and all that sort of stuff I'd love to believe and I don't know but everything is just you guys have been talking about for half an hour I suggest that the game management and the confidence isn't necessarily there so Richard Lawson's scoring was good the middle one thing but when in the away end thinking their goalies for some reason he's a bit nervous here and then the nervousness shows and we score you'd love to think when there was a player on our pitch let's shoot this guy's arse are you talking about Millwall this is not his arse we're playing at Millwall the pitch has got surface water on the ball is skidding the charlison shoots he drops it if you were playing get shot in it's skidding this keeper doesn't look confident that should have been the message get a chance get a message on the field someone to watch and say let's do this and again that comes down to the leadership someone who understands that it weighs both ways last night kept on trying to get on the ball and beat people making themselves look stupid because he ended up running down but at least he's got the confidence no one else is doing it there was one in the second half he broke into the area he just lost it but what happened was he broke and he's at pace and he's going because you could see no one was near him and he ends up trying to step over it and he just took the ball off and broke and you're like why didn't you get a shot because you know if you lost it and it goes into the Evertonians doesn't matter like you said but given the ball away when people are trying to commit that's where we've been caught and again that's the end there often we've got the ball up high up there and we're messing around and it was Bernadir and he's not losing the ball I thought Keane played like a Bernad's running across he's got the ball, the lad takes it off takes a couple of touches, strides forward just knocks one over the top and that's us in possession of the ball no one's got their heads up looking for the ball and no one's showing for the ball Bernad loses it poor management again he's got a couple pass laying off and that was the point he was trying to do something cute but it's that idea if you're chasing the same thing you lose the ball with those five players up front so he knocks it over the top Dean doesn't step up properly but I think Zuma was online as well and the lad's completely gone and what I would say is fair play to Dean for just taking them out because a lot of players there would have gone to self-preservation and would have either gone oh I better leave them and then took them out while they were in the box tweeted this morning didn't he sorry about the red but three points no that's the thing at least he took them out on the edge of the box where some people would have said I fancy pick for the A1 on 1 or these haven't got it in them or something and they go oh sorry lad it's better to be 1-1 then be 1-0 with 10 minutes you're just playing your pez style on that just kick them off what did you think Zuma ni'n sruch o mhw were you in the camp of what the fuck he's had to do with the lad's clean the lad's clean when you're watching the game like it's happened hasn't it but you see because we were right behind the goal lying a site right the way down ok we'll never know whether pickford would have come and done but the next likeliest thing would have been pickford brings him down more importantly though it's the fact that you've won them up in a game you've got control over the game you've got control over the game this is why I don't think we've ever got control because we do these stupid things and a ball over the top you centre-backs are sitting on the halfway line I know the top but come on that's what I'm saying it was why we were so high if it was so high then you let the lad just wander off site you go lad just step all the way up there if there's no trouble then let him go it's that idea again we were somewhere the other day we had that idea of not having to trust in the man next year you know that you used to do when you were playing as a kid you played some of the game you'd have a clarity about what to play off site and everyone would step off bar the lad on the other side of the pit didn't realise and it's that trust that our Premier League teams did to be fair the reason he done that last night was as soon as he come on Dean he'd put your tongue up the ass straight away on the halfway line straight away he'd never give himself time to get settled into the game he got in and he could straight away that's the symptom from Saturday that Saturday still playing on the course of the day where the Bains are just being like cool and calm and playing himself through the game he'd come on and straight away I've got a tone I've got a tone but Leighton wouldn't have got close enough to pull him down with it Bains would have just done the old he wouldn't have cos he does it all the time he knows to step up to step up and you're offside cos he's got all that experience but he was a rabbit rabbit in the headline you can't have that you've got to just be again relaxed it should be fair to him it was only that Bains oh no but I mean what I'm saying is you're coming on off the you play the cup side where you've when you're struggling you get all the crap that comes out of training camps all the Portuguese all the foreign language speakers are over here and all the old boys who aren't getting a game Jags and Bains they get over here you've got the same DMs as me this week yeah probably but those players at least two in Jags and Bains who've been there, done that, read the books, seen a movie all that sort of stuff and they're sitting in the stand often one assumes, seeing stuff so they need to start giving advice and guidance they become like associate coaches don't they you know Bains could take Dean under his wing and say that Premier League should do this I mean why Jags could be talking to Zuma or Mina or even Keane and saying I don't even know well you'd like to think they are Johnnar are they I don't know well if they are that's good see what I do like, if there's anything I do like is the fact that you look at someone like Tom Davies and you look at someone like Leighton Bains and there's no one's been spitting the dummy out that they haven't been playing two captains this season no one's been spitting because they both know Bains actually was a mate with Tom they both know that in football something will happen and they have to be ready to play in the game of football like they did here last night that's the point because you haven't been playing you've just got to take it on the chain because your opportunity will always arise in football always you could have no left back Saturday you've had the same left back all season and then is up lose both of them in the game are you there cucko my mate who is at we were at the middle war game Chris Chris was watching the theatre the guy who was a coach he told me he might be playing left back the weekend because he pulls Tom's leg about oh Tom should be playing right back in a younger age group so he was a full back wasn't he I think he should be right back Tom's a right back but then we had to dig in John Joe comes on at left back and I thought he was fantastic everything up to Peter and he got blockchain from wide areas which is the only one he didn't was a bit of a miss it anyway but Jordan Pickford you'll have to mention it he had he made I just thought in general there was one where he come for it either in the first half or you've never come for Keen don't just enough because he bladded the better than it was a goal but other than that I thought he looked a lot more like he did when he first started but the save from the free kick the first one that's an important save because if he scores there and we've just gone down it's like walls isn't it first day in the season it completely swings the game around so he was a big save that because the way I go they go on they get two because they were strong crosses but the fans were really quite vocal they're having the fun of dinner they're getting relegated so I don't enjoy myself but then it saved them the other way to get but they were celebrating that goal and then this arm hand pops out and he doesn't just touch it it was a really big save and that was what he done for us quite a lot last season I don't think it's happened as much this season not because it's anything to do with it but just the way games have gone some games he's been erratic and you've looked and gone to Jordan you can do better like Southampton away the Dean goal how he didn't save that it's wild but often there's too big a gap between the goal and the defenders as well but that saved, the two saves last night it was just miss yeah and he was back to the he's someone for me who's vocal again well he's someone for me who's played in non-league because he did and he's gone on loan all he's one of them he'll move the ball when he's about like never never taught me that basically and I watched that a goal he had remember being at Amfield and the veins an extra poppin me with Royal Nill Nill and the ball goes off he got the goal kick and he back he'll get back to the cut and then it's all gone and the veins were bulging and you know we drew Nill Nill he winked and walked off he'd moved the ball and gone left all of that arlasness of like basically what Ben Foster does to us every time he comes and it winds you up as a fan but you know what it kills the game and Pickford's got that little bit of he will go like that if they give him he doesn't mind getting involved with the crowd last night what I thought he'd done better was he calmed down a little bit with most of his kicking he's being erratic like you said I don't know whether it was a little bit of arrogance in the world cup or just generally getting built up because people were saying it's the best goal in the world and so this he come back with a bit of bravado I can do these kicks and he just hasn't been at his level what I thought last night and I'm not saying listen could have a harler on Saturday but I just thought last night he looked a little bit like when he faced or when he was a bit more in the moment so you're getting all hopeful now aren't you no I'm just saying I just think at times you've got that credit worth where it's due and I think from the Liverpool game rightly so he's looked like a shadow of what he was like anything in these circumstances I mean we've said it before the symptoms were still there of what's been causing the problems wasn't perfect by any means but they have to turn up again at the weekend and build on that and there'll be a tough game there flying and we've got city after that sort of thing city city isn't it it'll take care of it you'll have a programme for that well I've watched the last 15 minutes of their game last night they were horrendous we've got six of the top seven in our next home games aren't you yeah yeah so that's it though isn't it we've got to beat a couple of them otherwise we are going to be in free form they like to have arsenal you can get into it they haven't really improved under them they were hanging on my card so the managers got to for each of those so-called bigger teams remind the players of what happened in the away games because all those games were game-a-game we had chances you know different outcomes and with the crowd at home you know when I did I think I tweeted about it the other day last week or whenever it was it used me software and predicted all the games and you end up with us but we didn't lose any of the games by more than a goal so they're all they can all swing backwards and forwards just on a goal in my software's prediction for last night was too well so it's also right but they were close games so if they're close let's come out the other side with it's close and we will rather than it's close and we lose it's face goals a lot of the time in the Premier League and then it's face goal and then with Everton it's been able to get through the next five minutes because too often we do score and within minutes we've conceded that's up to Manatee let these through lads it's also confident though isn't it because it's the idea now that they know that the first five minutes oh god you've got to get through these and that makes you a little bit jittery last night I know people will criticize and people will be going it's fucking hard it's fail lads stop it but as it's player this goes out after the water it goes out that you look and go as players you look and go we've defended for 93 minutes after we score because you played 96-20 even though we put 4 minutes we've defended a goal lead and kept a clean sheet and we've dug in with 10 men so we know that we can get clean sheets and that's what you have to try Saturday will pose different problems because they're better offensively the mobile hymn is up front to hand full but they'll also leave you loads of gaps West Ham could have had 4 or 5 last night but they give gaps the first day of the season we should have won the game 6 or 7 but the chance to be passed up so it's a diff but these will cause more problems in Wothersfield and if we come out of Saturday with a clean sheet then they will have done that but like you said before that was a good close there you go see me won and I'm just happy before so there you go another thing about Saturdays is there'll be no meaner as well which isn't the worst thing in the world and I like meaner but I just think the fact that these two lads playing together and now in the playing together in their heads weren't they the partnership when we got on the winning runway weren't they for a few games yeah me and only came in a Chelsea didn't he although we did very well I think with meaner you have to just play you have to put them in and go you're not getting dropped until the end of the season and then you'll get into it I don't think it helps them coming in for three and going back out and it doesn't help any of them actually because Keane's got meaner then meaner's got zoomer then Keane and it's fair for two from three but play three at the back then yeah we've won three points that's all we care about everything else is just noise that we talk for an hour let us know your thoughts in the comments you want to discuss anything let us know if you haven't already subscribe please do click the bell for alerts and if you want more great videos and I need more loads more journeys on page and the link is in the description for that as well if you want to meet podcast form as well then on there as well get over there keep us in Jaffa cakes we'll see you later gotcha see you next time


Hey everybody, this is Brian and welcome to the 43rd Qt Tutorial with C++ and GUI programming. Today we're going to be going over an algorithm called Qsort. One thing you should probably do is go out and look up Qsort, and you'll see the Qt algorithms is a header that includes the generic algorithms. And these are how you really work with things such as lists and maps. Make your life a lot easier working with these things. So let's just dive right in and look at some code here. We're going to say Qlist. We're just going to give it some ints. And let's just say 2310. And let's say we want to sort that list. Well, first thing, let's actually do a for each. We're just going to print this list out here. And we will say Qdebug. So let's just print this list out to verify that, you know, sure enough we have our list and it's in the semi-random order here. And we want to sort this thing. So what we will do is say Qsort. And notice how it takes a container, or you can give it an iterator for the start and the end. So let's just give it the list container here. Run this. And that will sort the entire container. And you notice the other thing you could do is give it a begin and an end. So we'll say let's begin plus one. And we'll say list.end. We'll say minus one. Let's just see what happens here. Pile and run this. And you notice how it didn't sort the beginning or the end. It only sorted in the middle here. See how it goes two, there's two. And one and three are now reversed. Because you told it beginning plus one and minus one. So you get a range to sort within. Very simple. You have a very powerful algorithm that will help you out a lot. We'll hope you found this tutorial educational and entertaining. And thank you for watching.


Draw the circle. This delta V is change in the velocity. It is a vector subtraction. It's not the magnitude. Magnitude of change is zero. As it change in magnitude is zero. What I am trying to find here, first I will subtract the two vectors, then I will find the magnitude of the subtraction. Let's try to do that. I will take two points, one point like this. This is one point, point number one and this is point number two. Let's draw this, point number one and point number two. This is velocity V, velocity V. Let's say V1, this is V2. Find the initial velocity, find the velocity. Any doubts? One more thing, one more concession please do. Connect this point, connect that point. This is angle theta. Please look. All of it on V1. This is your time. Have you watched? You watched? You watched it. Guys wake up. I can see that none of you have woke up. You are still in class 10 mode. Class 10 was a relaxation time. Nothing great. I mean sorry to say that, but nothing great you have done in class 10. Even if you score 100%, it does not matter. Your class 10 certificate is your base proof. That's it. Seriously, nobody is going to ask how much have you got in class 10 mode. That's the reality. The sooner you accept and wake up guys, start working hard. Start working hard for your own sake, not for my sake. Please. V1 is like this. This is V1 itself. So this is V2, this is V1. This is V2, this is minus V1. So let me draw it here. This is V2, this is minus V1. The lengths are equal. Can you tell me what is this angle? Theta, all of it. This angle is equal to that angle. This is 90. That is 90. Is 180 or not? And this is 180 minus that. Understood? This angle is theta. And this is also theta guys. The angle between V2 and V1 is theta. What is it? Now tell me one more thing. These two triangles are similar. Theta is same. Yes or no? These two are similar triangles. Understood all of you? So I can take ratio of sides. I can say that the length of V2 minus V1 divided by the length of velocity which is V1. The magnitude of V1 I am calling it as V. Okay? Length of 1 to 2 R, R length 1 to 2 divided by radius R. Yes or no? All of you understood? So the magnitude of V2 minus V1 which is nothing but magnitude of theta V will be equal to R length 1 to 2 into V by R this length. Sorry about that. 1 to 2. Distance 1 to 2. It is not 12. It is 1 to 2. Okay. Distance 1 to 2. Have you understood this? Acceleration is, stop again. Limit delta T tends to 0. Delta V which is distance 1 to 2 V by R times delta T. Okay? So I can take V by R outside because it is constant. Limit delta T tends to 0. 1 to 2 R length divided by distance. 1 to 2 distance. Now tell me if delta T tends to 0, will 1 to 2 coincides with the 1 into R length. So 1 into length 1 into will coincide with the R length. Okay? So in delta T time, what is that distance 1 to 2? If speed is u, delta T speed into time is 1 to 2 length. So when I write this as V into V by R, V into delta T divided by delta T, delta T, delta T gets cancelled. So I am writing it as V square by R. Last one. Last one. Trying to find this limit. Now what I am saying is if delta T tends to 0, it means that time is very, very small. In that time period, the distance 1 to 2 is very small. It is as if equal to the distance the object has travelled, which is along the centre. And distance travelled is, which is what I have written, distance 1 to 2 is speed into delta T. So delta T from the numerator and then it gets cancelled away. So now I am getting it as V square by R. So what we have done is we have derived the formula for this acceleration magnitude. Direction ideal already towards the centre and this is the magnitude. Please write down. V square by R is the centripetal acceleration. This is called centripetal acceleration. V square by R is the centripetal acceleration in tangential velocity, where V is the tangential velocity. So how much force is required to create this much acceleration? So MV square by R force is required. What should be the direction of force? Tangential. Towards the centre. So this force is required, this force is required towards the centre for any object to move in a centre. We are not getting insight too much about what is this force and all. That we will learn in laws of motion chapter. Right now we are just introducing it as, what do you think this force is called? Centripetal force. This is the centripetal force. There is also that we are not doing till now. V square is required to create this centripetal force is centripetal, acceleration is centripetal force. Any doubts? In this chapter our dealing is with respect to acceleration only right now. We will not talk about force.


At the Engineering Management Institute, we help engineers become leaders. In this short video, I want to talk about what I believe is the most important thing that an engineering student can do to help to secure a good job as soon as you get out of college. I often talk to engineering students and they're thinking about their summer jobs and they're thinking about kind of making money and saving money. And while that's important, I believe from my experience in coaching and helping thousands of engineering professionals and going through an engineering career myself, the most valuable experience that you can get is that internship while you're in school for multiple reasons. One, because you can start to learn about real life engineering at a young age, which is only going to help you when you start a full-time job. But secondly, when you're looking for a job after school, having those connections, having those previous jobs is critical to you being able to quickly secure a great job. I can't tell you how many engineers I've talked to. Their first job out of school was the same job that they did an internship for. So please take the time and put all of your energy and effort into securing an engineering internship in the discipline that you want to practice in. Now, you may want to switch it up and do one one summer and a different one the next that gives you some more prospects. But you know what? If you find a good internship and you're learning a lot, stick with it. And if you need some money, get a part-time job on the side. And work at a coffee shop if you have to do whatever you have to. At this point in your career, you need to be a sponge and you need to build connections and getting a good internship will help you do just that. Please subscribe to our channel for weekly videos where we will help engineers become effective managers and leaders throughout the career life cycle.


Hello everybody and welcome to a video that- well, I wasn't supposed to be today But I completely forgot that in Drough of the Lime there is a new boss that being the hacks- What was it? Sorry? Didn't quite get to see it there. The haste maximus because everything's max So we got we got we got pro seat. We got David and we got me And we got- I didn't see the other guy. Who's the other guy again? So this is just came out. We're grabbing it. Oh, oh, it's a big bitty Okay, I'm assuming that during the night it looks like more volcanic and lit up Who we got we got we got? Els as well. There it is. Okay, so I will refer to the move set. This will be interesting So this raid is probably not a raid you'll see too often. Maybe we're just testing something out With this is called. What was it? The David versus Goliath, and I'm assuming that's because We have a haste to gen 2 with us. Is it gen 2? I think it's gen 2. Yeah I've just been- I've recorded some today. Hopefully it'll be up after this. I'm gonna try my best guys I'll try- because I've been- I know I've been doing a lot recently So we'll see we'll see but they should be quite interesting. So they have a shield Rocket alert. What's this? Oh? Inc. Oh, so every- oh every time it's hit it increases its speed and crit chance Oh, and we've got Gemini time so it's gonna increase again, right? Oh How many times can that stack? Oh dear? Oh dear. Oh, no cuz he's- oh there's reduced speed there We go. That's good. That's good. What? And the minions are taking out the Deidakres, the Irritator and now Haskets to do its own thing. Uh, cleanse speed reduction. Oh increase. What speed is it? Lord, fearless flap. Okay. Oh wait, wait. That wasn't the attack. Oh Oh no. Oh god. It's- it's so- oh, I got a crit. Oh Should we cry at that? Is that bad? I don't know. I don't know if that's bad. What speed it's on? Well, it's on 181 speed, so it's it's pretty darn quick. I think I go for a cleanse. However It might die? Well, what's everyone else doing? We've got another intimidation. We've got a shield and then a Really? I- this should be a group heal We've got L's going for the uh, the like greater emergency heal for the lowest, but Maybe a group heal would be better. I mean, I hate- look, I'll not argue.  Thought a group heal was probably needed I mean, we'll get shields up for the next one. Maybe? I don't know. Well, yeah, we're good. Okay. Well first try That is That's tough. Can we even surrender? Are we gonna lose the lobby because I think we're grabbing this from Australia Next next hit we probably could have done it. Uh, no the raid lobby is no longer available Okay, we're locked in we're locked in let's see So I don't know if this one Is actually any different from the other strats We have uh, we still have the kooky pedooky dooku Uh the count dooku one. Yes that one We've got that one. Strat seems to be the same though. I'm assuming that this thing is basically a haste eagle gen to just bet it um a higher level Maybe so I think the whole the whole point of this is to try and be like hey, you know have some fun with it. Um And I mean really that's what it's all about. It's all about trying to have fun Seeing what weird and wonderful strats we can work out here. Um, oh god.  I targeted the minion and went for like the the shield hit first Okay, so Whoa, that was a big hit or count dooku thing But look at that a little bit of damage 200. I've been great on the day Might not killed it or would it have killed it? I don't know Uh, well, well, I can't tell right so we're gonna go for the cleansing one We've got the group here this time instead of the the superior superiority heal, which I guess isn't too bad um Ooh going for the distraction Interesting interesting. Oh, that's on the day. Oh though Okay, okay.  I don't think I I've never saw one more and it would have I'd I never see that animation So now I'm basically going for the one with the smallest Damage or health, which is of course day out. So I heal myself Um, and then this big boss. She's got the big bush. She's come around. Okay. Yeah surrendering again Okay, so what was the difference here? So we really need that group What's it called? We need the group cleansing in order to negate this big like that big, um What'd you call it? I'll surrender as well just in case We're able to do that We really need the um the group heal to get rid of this Distraction that's on everybody because I don't think we have enough damage to really take it down Um, and he's gonna do he's gonna target the thing with the lowest health meaning that the the count do Who's probably gonna die and then where that's it. We've still got two more rounds of this thing to go Um, yeah It needs to be distracted. I don't think it can be distracted.  I think it might oh it survived. We got lucky. We got lucky The thing is it's still like I'm still gonna die a next turn if it goes for something with the lowest health I think now I do half damage and it's and it's already got a dodge because I did the flap thing Um, and then it just gets even more speed, but We do have generate a titan going for the nullification here Yeah, look at that man. The the original strats completely different to what this one's turned out to So reduce speed getting rid of a lot of stuff. However, he's just gonna get even more speed Um, and he's taken away from his is a vase his dodge the evasion has disappeared Oh, wow. So this is turn three Um, right, uh What's the strat here just go for something with loads of attack I We've just got to try and like nullify him here That's the best way like going for the the distraction is really the only way and if we can Yeah, go through his uh, what's it called his cloak? Which apparently is still on even though did we have something went through cloak? I don't know either way more distraction on top of it and then We got a precise and I think that's just nullify all the speed speed boosts I think So he's basically just got the crit working for him and I don't know if this takes resistant reduce his speed Okay, so it doesn't take away his speed boost, but it does make him it does like reduce it So what what is he now? He's still 168 freaking speed Um And I don't know what the health was.  I think that's what that did Even though on the top left. It still says he's got dodge. So we made it past round one Round one made it brilliant Okay, okay, but now he gets to go again And we really need the turmoil look to heal and also do Yes It's pretty much over Like There is nothing that can be done. There is nothing that can be done there. He's gonna do a big hit And That's it. That's it.  You can distract But as soon as the shield goes up and then it does the big hit It's probably killed all everybody except for gemini titan. I think Yeah, I think gemini titan's gonna be the only one that's gonna survive this Ah Gemini titan was the only one that survived it. So there we have it round one completed though. Oh my god Well, you'll never see this tactic anywhere else, will you? And well, maybe I'll proceed channel Oh Oh Oh, this is different. Oh, it's night now. Oh Okay, well actually the bird doesn't look any different Right, okay, so it seems like we're switching switching to maybe a more legit tactic It might appear this one. I am digiorara I'm deal level 29. No boosts because Uh, I don't really have a boost for him or I don't really use him. So There's that Um, although I'm not mortem. Interesting. I wonder why I'm not mortem. Is it too slow? Oh, of course he gets a crit though.  Oh, we're winging it. I've just there's no there's no strategy No strategy. You just gotta you've got to keep your wits about you. I see I see how it is. Okay, okay Oh the crit. Oh, but not too bad, but not too bad and I do get a little bit of a counter Which does get stifled by the dodge, but Hey, at least the dodge is gone now Got to use it all up. So now the Brazilian rampage next an instant invincibility on turn three So Brazilian rampage. So I'm assuming that the yeah, so Right, so we need two dinosaurs with of course invincibility in that way We get a nullified his two big hits, which is the one that nullifies us and the one that he gets a little dodge Um and does any can anybody like get rid of his dodge next turn Yeah, I wouldn't okay. He doesn't have a dodge now. So now's the time to attack. Yes Kill him. Like was he gonna die? Oh Oh, no Maybe there was too much. Maybe that was too much Oh, oh, okay. Here it comes group calling impact. Here we go. Here we go Oh, does it get a dodge or anything? Um because I gotta cleanse myself and I mean Oh, I think I might have killed him. I think I yes Did we take him out and turn two? Did I mean to do that? Was that a thing? I don't know. He's okay. He's down. He's down Maybe I shouldn't have went for that. He's down turn two I Like I said, I don't know if that's a good thing Um, I we got two crits from the mordom Um and unluckily. I think now group shield, please A group shield. Okay group shield. I I can do group shield group shield. Please. Yeah, sure. I'll group shield. Yeah I can shield I could I could I could do that of this that you ask The only thing is The german titan cannot kill and will go for his big uh like double hit almost and We're basically all working off. Um the inhibited attack that we've got from the haast the haast maximus so Stuff like mortem won't do as much damage in this I don't know. I don't know I don't know if this is good because he's going for the the the attack that we just dodged before he's going for it now. Um And also The irritator is going to break somebody's shield. I don't know whose Um, what's german titan go for? Okay, german titan's going for the deodoricus, which is probably best But it's still nift. Oh, we got a crit as well. Oh, it could have been it could have been Uh, and here it comes here. It comes. This is war like at least I had a shield, right? Oh, I got a crit Not bad We're hoping we can do a group shield after this and then He's going to go for the one with the lowest health Which is probably going to be me and he's going to do a crow turn that damage.  Oh, I got a crit. Oh, I'm still alive though Well, yeah, definitely time to heal just a group heal. Maybe maybe a group heal What should I go for rampage again? You want me to rampage? Oh, what's this move? It distracts everybody and then ups its critical chance That's what I assume. That's what I assume that does Um, and if this all goes according to plan, um, they should both be dead Um Now it's what yeah, I think proceeds wondering like what he should go for or whether he even had a chance there Oh Oh, oh, we need a nullify. Yeah, we don't wait what it's not a group. Oh, oh god I mean, I guess I guess that's not too bad piercing screech Okay, so it cleansed them increased their speed and crit chance and whoa Oh god Group takedown increased their attack. Oh, they're attack so high now Oh, no No, we did nothing. Oh, this is not good um At least me and germanetine will attack something so germanetine is going to finish off the um the deode However, I'm about to be Crucified by the uh, the what's it called? Oh, I don't attack it. Oh, that's actually not too bad I thought I was gonna I thought it was going to get hit by the counter from the um The the irritator because I don't even know what attack that thing has but I'm assuming now that's at the two attack boosts It would be quite a bit Whoa, okay. No strat. We're just winging it That's not too bad. Um, okay. Don't oh don't know what that is Right, we're getting a speed boost instant invincibility. Okay. Okay. I got you. I got you.  I guess that's not too bad. Yes. He goes for ready to crush. Okay Group accelerate, please everybody more speed Right and I got instant invincibility that means that we've survived whatever the hast is going to dole out to us Which is apparently bypassing Any cloaks And well, okay. He would have done a lot of damage to me. I do have armor though No Damage take it. Yes Oh Oh, it's not dead and oh does it not have a cat. Oh, it doesn't have a counter. Why don't I think I had a counter Okay. Well, this isn't too bad at all. Boom. And then next turn Gemini time can go for the instant invincibility protect us all and then we should be good Oh, yeah, haha, no ready to crush for you, but next turn there will be Um, so what do I go for now? What what's he gonna go for? He's gonna go for the flap um Right heel on everybody. Okay. Okay. Uh, I guess I could do shield It just depends. Do you do you want the gemini time to go for an instant invincibility because if he give you goes for that Then yeah, sorry. I'll I'll just I'll just go for a hit. I'll just go for a big hit Um, that makes sense. I was gonna say there's no oh come on Dammit. That's what we need. We needed the big hit from the mort We needed the big hit from the mort. Oh That's annoying. That's that might cost us a little bit here Um, because this would be perfect a big hit from a mortem here Mortem wrecks that could have done a lot Oh Ah Damn that could that could have been it that that could have taken us to round three and then just Go for it. Just go for it. But now Yeah, maybe we needed it. Maybe I'm not too sure Look, I tickle all the speed boosts But apparently I haven't so we survived this Oh, that's a shame. We could have got it. But maybe something needed maybe oh gemini titans like big hit needed to be recharged possibly Okay, I don't know what speed it is. It doesn't matter. It's getting a dodge. It's getting increased speed It reduces our attack, but it's gonna do no damage Which is okay. We can take that we can take that So did pro see spend like a hundred quid on that on that taunt? I think you might have Oh, phone me phone. I wasn't there. I might have been able to do more damage to him. Okay Right, so I could do shield. I think shield's the best thing I can do here Um, I'm just like yeah, I was gonna do that anyway Um, and that's it. Okay, so we'll take away his cloak um, we'll still all be kind of Like nullified or not nullified. We'll all still have our attack And nerfed a little bit. Uh, oh cleanse damage reduction. Oh, that's what that does But we're still it's still gonna happen Uh, because his attack's gonna take us down a peg But we're into the final round guys Oh, no Oh, no, no, no, no Raw here it comes. Here comes the raw. What damage? No damage.  Will it cleanse us all of the reduced damage? Oh I mean it was a lot of crit. I think there was literally no chance we were gonna uh I don't know if instant invincible is ready, but I'll try and do it though cleanses his damage Okay, okay, and does reduce his speed. So does it take off one speed boost? Not all of them? Okay, okay, and he just gets it back. Anyway Right. Yep. Yep. There you go cleanses himself of the speed boost. Oh speed reduction. Oh, here we go. Here we go the final round Um, maybe I'll have a check Uh Yes, I so it's instant invincibility ready. Yes. Do you want me to go for it? Do you want me to go for it? Shall I go for it? Okay shields up team. Yeah, I'll do it. I'm doing it I'm doing it instant invincibility just so we kind of survive. I think So there we go extra speed where we need to out speed that haste But I don't think it's gonna happen and here it comes instant invincibility Um, oh, he's got a priority move anyway, but This is gonna hurt one one duty, which is probably gonna be me. It always targets me So my invincibility might still be up I think it's it lasts for one turn, but maybe two hits I think okay, so he's getting his own, but that's okay Um, oh, Mortem's gonna take down all their shields, which is good Um, and German a titan is actually not it hasn't got any damage reduction, which is great but It does however mean that None of them are gonna die This is gonna be close Oh, oh god. Oh god. It's all led up to this point guys. It's led up to this moment right here 4,000 for that we just need a big hit just go. Oh, he's getting ready to crush Ah, we need some like nullify them all If only if only we had something that could do that because speed attack and crit chance have all been increased By everything there. Oh lord, and it's gonna do a thing I think oh, that's okay. He's wasting his go. That's fine. So Uh target minions if I talk the fastest that's gonna be the deodorant if I talk a thing with lowest health, that's also deodorant um Shield I get I'll just go for an attack. I I really don't think I need to go for a Anything here. Oh the minion. Oh, the irritate is also going for something piercing screech. Does it attack? Yeah, I was gonna say I don't think it does attack Yeah, but we cleanse now. Oh Oh, no Oh, the group takedown. Oh, there's so much attack. There's so much attack Okay, but we heal ourselves Yes, we're prepared and then I'm pretty sure German time if we do survive one more turn can just do instant invincibility more good Oh, yes, there it is. They're down. They're gone That's it's it's end for you. It's good night Yeah, we did a good Wow Wow Can anybody if you want to copy that tactic feel free? Do I get the finishing blow? I think I get the finishing blow. Oh sweet I'm coming through Here we go Cleanse myself Let's go.  Okay. Well, hold on. Hold on. Well done everybody. Well done Well done everybody who's part of that wow and we did it. Now. What can we get? Oh galamimus. Oh, I was hoping it would be like mono, but here we go It is 20 not bad. Could have been a 15 could have been a 10 is 10 even a thing.  Oh, bye. Bye


Good morning, everyone. Thank you for coming. This is a real honor for me. Well, first of all, I'm Andrew Schwartz. I'm Senior Vice President here at CSIS. And it's an honor for me to introduce the Under Secretary, Tara Sonnenschein. She's had such a distinguished career. And she's basically done all the things that I've wanted to do and aspired to do. She's been a journalist. She's been run a major think tank. And I'll go through all that. But it's such an honor for me to be here with Tara because I've looked up to her for many years. And of course, she was the deputy spokesperson at the NSC during the Clinton administration. And so I kind of worshiped her from afar and things like that. But we're very excited because this is a great opportunity to hear about what she's been doing at the State Department over the past year. Tara, of course, has had a distinguished career in and out of government, serving, as I said, as the Clinton administration's Deputy Director of Communication on the National Security Council. In 2012, she was appointed to serve as the Under Secretary of State for Public Affairs and Public Diplomacy, where she's worked tirelessly to improve America's image abroad and really promote values of press freedom, diplomacy, democracy, and global women's empowerment. Prior to her service in the Obama administration, she was the executive vice president at the US Institute of Peace, as well as a senior advisor at USIP, and to the International Crisis Group, Internews, CARE, the American Academy of Diplomacy, and the International Women's Media Foundation. Secretary Sonnenstein's background is in broadcast journalism, as I mentioned. She was with ABC Nightly News for more than a decade and received 10 News Emmy Awards for her coverage of international affairs. She's just returned from Doha, where she participated in the 10th Annual US Islamic Forum, and her travel this year has included Russia, India, and Ethiopia, just to name a few. We're gonna have time to answer questions, and as you can see, it's a terrific turnout here, so let's be brief when we ask questions so we can get the most out of the answers. Thanks so much, and welcome under Secretary Sonnenstein. Well, thank you, Andrew. I wanna begin by congratulating you and CSIS on 50 years of strategic insights and bipartisan policy solutions. You can now, good branding, right, oh yeah. Okay. We'll be on the new building on the front, so please visit. Yeah, absolutely, and good luck on your new building. I had no a thing at true about moving organizations and buckle your seat belts. I'm really happy to be here on this particular day because spring is about to turn formally, in just three days, into summer. And actually, I think we should all turn pretty soon to books and beaches and blue skies. How's that for an image? Now, you might be wondering if you've shown up at the right place this morning, because what do those wonderful images have to do with public diplomacy at the start of a speech? Well, if you happen to go down to, say, Ocean City, Maryland, or Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, any resort town, have you run into some young people working summer jobs? You order your pizza and somebody speaks to you in English with an accent, sounding like they could be from anywhere, Belfast to Belgrade. Anyone experience this? Well, those are some of the State Department's cultural exchange program students here on summer work travel. But you know, they are part of a very large community, tens of thousands of students, teachers, researchers, business professionals, who come to the United States all year round at any season to experience American culture. And they're an example of what I wanna focus on today, the major dividend that we as a nation get from engaging with people around the world.  Think about this, the dividend that comes from hundreds of thousands of international students on U.S. colleges and campuses, undergraduate and graduate. Jot these figures down. See how you'll surprise people at dinner tonight. How many foreign students a year? Anybody, throw out a number. 12,000. 12,000, nice try? Anybody else? 250,000. 250,000, 100,000. I feel like I'm an auctioneer. How about 765,000 foreign students? How much you think when they're here for a year they might contribute to the U.S. economy? You know, buy pencils, books. Anybody, throw out a number. How much would they contribute to the U.S. economy? 10 billion. So let me double it for you. 22.7 billion dollars across all 50 states. Yeah. Higher education is among our top service sector exports. And let me also be clear, there is a value much greater and much deeper and more substantive than this financial number. But at a time of measurement and evaluation and metrics and show us the quantitative proof of concept, the economic contribution is at least worth noting. I mention all this because as I take leave as undersecretary for public diplomacy and public affairs, I want to make sure Americans are more aware of what the State Department does. Specifically what public diplomacy does. But how it all adds value, whether it's jobs overseas, jobs here, education, entrepreneurship, travel, tourism, healthy, robust trade, investment climate in both directions. And so I've come to think of the work I do as bottom line diplomacy. Because the bottom line is that the allocation of resources is part of the equation, not only because of a continuing economic recovery, but because I've learned something. We have to justify public expenditures to our only real governing board, the American people. And we have to show clear results that demonstrate the value of investing in State Department programs. What I also wanna be careful today is that I not lead you to believe that bottom line diplomacy is about reducing everything to how much it costs. I want to tell you that it is the opposite. It's about expanding our perspectives so that we see and reap the benefits for our own citizens as well as those overseas. And how would we get to this point of convergence? I think it is a fusion of economic statecraft and public diplomacy. And that fusion understands that when educational advisers go out from the State Department into 170 countries, they're talking to aspiring foreign students and they're providing comprehensive accurate information about our colleges. And not just Yale and Harvard, but our community colleges, our historically black colleges, our colleges some small in rural areas. And they're explaining who we are through the diversity and plurality of our education system. But even beyond education, when we go out and stand up for workers' rights, labor standards, human rights, all those things that we say are both right and moral, they're also smart and strategic. Because here's what happens. When you build an inclusive economy overseas and you push to safeguard certain freedoms, labor rights, human rights, and you're investing in education, and you're encouraging opportunity, the research does suggest the outcome is a more healthy, productive, democratic, empowered, and prosperous group of citizens. Likely, likely to be a more viable economic trade, social, political, strategic partner. And therein lies our enhanced security. So I've drawn for you a mathematical equation with a direct line between our foreign policy, our economic priorities, and our public diplomacy. And I'm arguing that it protects our national interests. Senator Lindsey Graham referred to public diplomacy once as, quote, national security insurance. And I know exactly what he meant. We work with others, we don't do this alone, we work with the G8, the ILO, the IFI, the OECD, to forge transparent markets. But what we're actually doing is going beyond just the marketplace to that consumer. And as I've traveled, Doha's was mentioned, Pakistan, China, Turkey, Ethiopia, Japan, Russia, Georgia, Ukraine, Bosnia, Herzegovina, wherever I've been, it's people with policy. Policy without people is policy flying blind. So how do you find this hyphen between the flow of money and the productive index of people? Example, engaging women. Sounds nice, good thing to do, makes us feel good. The economic benefits are real and enormous. The research is in, the data is there. When you unlock the economic potential of 50% of the world's population, you get product, you get value. And engagement for women and girls is a hallmark of this administration and of the State Department. And so all these programs, tech women, the Middle East Response Fund, the MEPI programs, economic assistance, partners for a new beginning, we Americas, they're all empowering women in business. And that empowers you here. So I guess what the theme really today won you all instinctively know, but I wanted to spell out, which is that global engagement opens doors and opens minds. But you know whose minds we really need to open. It's the young minds. There's our fresh, not fully closed. You can pry open the young mind. And I've also learned something in the State Department. Some of our most effective outreach to young people comes from America's youngest diplomats. And I'm looking at young potential future diplomats here. And I want to encourage young people to go down the road. So I want to pause for a moment and ask you to think and reflect for me on Anne Smedinghoff, a young State Department colleague of mine who became the first diplomat to die in Operation Enduring Freedom in Afghanistan in April. Have any of you heard Anne's name? I want more people to know about Anne. She was opening very big doors. She was working to support an educational program to promote literacy in Afghanistan. And one day she was delivering books to young Afghans. And she was killed on that day. In her memory today, I would like to announce the Anne Smedinghoff Award for Public Diplomacy Excellence for those first and second tour Department of State officers. This award will keep her spirit alive by recognizing young outstanding officers who open doors of engagement, global understanding and opportunity. To open those doors, particularly for young people, you do have to use social media. And it is why, and I know people ask why is the State Department spending so much time and energy on social media? Because if we don't, we'll be irrelevant in the conversations. Through social media and traditional public diplomacy, you build skills. And one of the skills we all have to build is entrepreneurial skill. What does that mean to be an entrepreneur? It means to scale up an idea. How do you scale up an idea without capital? How do you scale up an idea without knowing the currency of other ideas? How would you scale up an idea without knowing intellectual property? So we have to work on scaling up young people's entrepreneurism. Something we learned from the Arab Spring, didn't we? The lack of economic opportunity for young people leads to frustrated, disenfranchised youth who lack optimism in the prospect of any future. So we have to engage with them online to provide positive, alternative scenarios. And you know what we're also doing? We're using social media and online to counter the negative scenarios, like violent extremism, which also costs lives and treasure. Global entrepreneurship programs, that identifies a promising entrepreneur, trains them, links them with a mentor and a potential investor. And then you've gotta work with their host government because you need economic policies and regulations in that host country that are gonna be enabling. One other vehicle we use, which most of you know little about probably, and those are American spaces. They're not embassies, although sometimes they're in embassies. They are gathering places, 850 of them around the world where people can just come and connect with Americans. Talk, chat, get wifi, help learn about one of those US colleges, promote English language, join a club. We need those spaces and we need to resource them. In October, 2012, we joined the Youth Livelihoods Alliance, which is the multi-sector initiative that is looking at youth unemployment. And we are investing up to $2 billion in the creation of on-line, open, educational resources and job training. On my watch, we set up an economic public diplomacy innovation fund. It's important that the ideas come from the regions and the countries and the posts. You need local indigenous solutions, not always Washington saying here, make an entrepreneur. So this new fund will encourage embassies to intersect with their own entrepreneurs and their own stakeholders and tell us what they need to advance the training, investment and engagement. One last area of work I want to tell you about that is not traditional public diplomacy. The State Department team has pulled out all stops this year to support President Obama's travel and tourism strategy. Public diplomacy is in part encouraging more travel to the United States. Look at the benefit, hotels, airlines, visits, spending, jobs, economics. The Department of Commerce has just released some of the figures reflective of the work we've been doing in the past year. Travel and tourism is up 7% to the United States. Well, I'm reaching the end and I did want to say how much I will miss the State Department on a daily basis. On any given day, the depth and breadth of what I see is stunning. I'll see Secretary Kerry emerging from a bilateral meeting with a world leader. I'll be bumping into students from Libya, Tunisia or Egypt or some religious scholars from Chad on their way to my office. Community leaders from Latin America and the Caribbean, soccer kids from Columbia. Translators running around trying to deliver all our social media messages into Arab, Chinese, Urdu, Russian. Regional bureaus talking to their embassies, trying to figure out how to set up video feeds and connex links. The message I take away is clear. This country is proactive. It is responsive. And it is meeting the fast-breaking, constantly changing and evolving global conversations of the 21st century. And I hope we never stop engaging. So thank you very much. I'd be glad to take some questions. Thank you. Thank you very much. If you could identify yourself and frame it in the form of a question, not a statement. Thank you. Right here. Yes, yes, sir. My name is Alexis Abchenko. I am representing here myself. However, I'm not going to ask about unpleasant thing, which is US reputation in the world is plummeting from Latin America to Russia, from Europe to Muslim world. We have increasingly the image of the ugly American. And I believe that to counter this idea, United States has a fantastic resource, which no other country has, which is not used. And I'm talking about people like me, immigrants. I mean, immigrants in the United States, unlike let's say immigrants in Germany or France, are extremely pro-American. Sometimes they're more pro-American than Americans themselves. And they can convey the message about good size, positive size of America, in a much more efficient and consistent way than many Americans, no matter how fluent they are in the language, because Americans, after all, think in American. And when they convey the idea, they use the wooden language, which is perfectly feasible for an American audience, but makes, does not connect to a foreign audience. May I ask where you're from originally? From Russia. We go, we go, we go, we go, we go, we go, we go, we go, we go. Problems are that in America, we don't speak Russian. I'm from Arabic, I don't speak Spanish. Oh, sorry. The rest of you are here. The question is really about global diaspora. And I am a firm believer that we have underutilized our diaspora.  Smith-Mount is a piece of legislation that basically says that I cannot use public diplomacy funds nor could VOA and others use their programming that were designed for an overseas audience. I could not disseminate and distribute those here. And many of my staff know, I said I would be willing to go to Smith-Mount jail for violating it by speaking or handing out materials, but that the best thing would be to modernize that piece of legislation. And at the end of this year, it was modernized and most people missed it because it was December and it was Christmas and the National Defense Authorization Act got passed and lo and behold, along with it is modernization of Smith-Mount, effective July 1 of this year. Now, we're still working through what does it really mean? Does it mean that a VOA program that is broadcast in Russia can be downloaded now here without violating anything? Does it mean that I can go to a diaspora? I can go to Chicago and speak to the Polish community? Can I give them things that we produce for Poland? So I will tell you, I've been on this subject and you are completely correct. It's an underutilized, but it has been part of what Congress traditionally thought was propagandizing American citizens. And I would love to chat with you more. I wanna get some other questions in, but I understand exactly what you're drilling at. Harlan. I'm Harlan Oman, thank you for your comments. I would like to offer a broader critique, none of the State Department, but both of the Bush and the Obama administrations regarding public diplomacy. We don't seem to have any when it comes on to taking on the extremist threat of religious fanaticism. And I've made this comment to the highest levels of both administrations. We are particularly good in destroying people's reputations and character. Your own current boss was pillory for being a hero in Vietnam. John McCain was pillory during his run for the presidency by being accused of having an illegitimate child, which indeed was a Sri Lankan orphan that he and his wife adopted. Why don't we turn all these powers to attack the credibility and the legitimacy of the fanatics who are really gonna be causing us a great deal more mischief. We are brilliant to some degree in doing this with the Soviet Union in pushing democracy, though I don't think democracy is the right tool to use in this case, but I don't understand why the Bush administration, and I had this discussion with Karen Hughes and your administration have not really taken this on more frontally to discredit the extremists that we're facing on a daily basis. I think it was purposeful that I didn't press the microphone, but the story goes that two years ago the president had the same aha moment that you had and was very frustrated to learn that online, particularly were all these anti-American messaging and rhetoric and didn't understand what interagency group was working on it. And it turns out that talking with, in my case, Karen Hughes, whom I went up to see at Harvard, Jim Glassman, Charlotte Beers, Judith McHale, Evelyn Lieberman, I reached out and a lot of people had this idea, but it hadn't quite gelled into something. And the something is now called CSCC.  It is an interagency operation, which means it has state, DOD, intelligence community, but it is not, it is very upfront about it being a US government effort. And I ventured out not too long ago to University of Maryland to give the first talk about countering violent extremism online. So that talk is up there under University of Maryland. We've gotten now kudos from Congress because we've gone up and shown them what we're doing. And what we're doing is every single day, there's a team of people who look at every bit of violent extremists that is up online, very visible. We're not talking about something that's not out there happening. And we under an open USG brand go on and challenge it. Now, how do you know something like that's working? We know it's working. First of all, we know that it is annoying the heck out of the extremists because they keep saying, how do we get these USG people out of the conversation, get them back from the table? And they're beginning to respond to us. So this is happening. It's happening quietly. I think sometimes we don't tell our own messages as well as we could, but I do encourage you to take a look at the University of Maryland speech, which lays out how we're doing it and how we're measuring its results. I'd like to welcome my good friend and our friend from Mexico, Ambassador Arturo Sarracon. For public diplomacy to work, you need a whole of government approach to it. Given that you're a few days or weeks away from leaving your 10 years into secretary, would you be willing to address some of the, beyond the budgetary food flights and constraints that you have always on Capitol Hill to implement successful public diplomacy? What are the antibodies and the resistant points that you've found in the US government to successfully implement a whole of government approach to public diplomacy? No, it's a great question. And I've said from the beginning of my tenure that I need to see DOD at the table. I need to see BBG. I need alphabet soup in the traditional sense. I need to see the Peace Corps at the table. I need USAID at the table. I need OPIC at the table. And it is hard to forge and to break down those stovepipes. I'll be honest, I, in frustration one day said, there's no whole of government here. There's no whole of community. I can't even get whole of hallway. And it is hard to get people around that common table. I do think it's doable and what I've learned is you have to pick issues. You can't just start out saying, let's have a whole of government approach. So I've picked a few issues, such as learning English as an example. There are lots of parts of the US government and the private sector that work on teaching English. Some for profit. Some for development. Some so that their Peace Corps volunteers have something to do. Some for purposes of public diplomacy. So we have formed a group now that is a real working group around let's at least leverage one another's technologies. It resulted in us bringing games for change and outside group in who said, you know, video games are the best way to teach language. Kids love them. So we invested in a video game online called Trace Effects.  Brilliant. So those are the kinds of solutions that can emerge when you meld innovative ideas. And I support it. I will also say on Mexico, one of the best American centers, the Ben Franklin Center, I'm sure you've seen it. You walk into the Ben Franklin Center in Mexico City. It's not at the embassy. There's no, you know, the security is light. It's not a line of people being screened. And the day I walked in, there was an English club going. Was Mexicans from all walks of life just came to meet and chat in English? An amazing, amazing place. So thank you for that. I'd like to, we have so many young people here as undersecretary Sonshine mentioned before. Many of them are our interns. And so I'm happy that we have such a great turnout. Right in the back here, young lady in the white shirt. Actually, Karina Ibrahim and I'm an intern here at CSIS. And I actually have a question regarding some of the regions in Central Asia. I worked there as an American Council's employee. And what I witnessed there is a lot of young aspiring leaders in those countries don't have the access to Peace Corps or English classes. And a lot of times, you know, American spaces like American Corners were being closed down. And they actually don't even have access to Wi-Fi or social media. So how can we reach out to those students and make them have those opportunities available to them? Thank you. So the answer is there are a lot of, particularly in the stands, a lot of difficulty that we run into with closing down of American Corners or spaces. One thing is the cell phone. The cell phone is really becoming ubiquitous. And so if people don't have their hard drive or their computer at home, chances are they do have a cell phone. And that is becoming a really important way to do messaging. It doesn't help with the long documentary kind of video downloading. The other thing that I think we have to do is our embassies, and this is part of educating even our own internal folks about public diplomacy. Sometimes you have to be creative and not try a Wi-Fi solution. You might try, I've told a lot of our embassies, try a book club. You know, sometimes reading books is an easier way to get into a country, celebrate their authors, figure out their heroes, talk about what it is, and through that door, get to the areas of gender violence, of discrimination, because you can't necessarily go to those hard issues first. Sports diplomacy, food diplomacy. And I'll tell you, we get criticized a lot by different constituencies. It might be a member of Congress or someone who says, how in the middle of sequestration can you have a basketball, Burmese team coming or chefs going to underdeveloped areas? And I make this point that you're making. Don't judge one country or one program or one Fulbright or one sports exchange, that you can put any one under the microscope and say failure. It's the cumulative effect of American gestures and you won't see it overnight. You're not gonna see the benefits in a day and a half, but when 20, 30 years after Fulbright goes back and is now a member of the Georgian Parliament, of which I met 19 Fulbrighters when I went to Tbilisi who came running up and said, the reason I'm here trying to build Georgia is because I went on a Fulbright program. In the 60s or 70s, we gotta be in it for the long haul. And I think the long game is where sometimes we get a little restless. Great, sir, right, right here, right in the front, Hannah. Thank you very much. Thank you very much. I'm Dr. Nisar Chaudhry and it was a beautiful presentation and life started looking like bed of roses to me when I listened to all this. But somehow, I think it's important that some creative thinking is needed. One, there's something somewhere which is missing. There's something that we are not doing which we are supposed to do and there could be certain things we might not have to do even, not needed to be done because my friend mentioned about wholesome approach. It has to be wholesome approach. To this forum, we have worked very closely with Mark Grossman when he used to be under sectarian state and as well as with Colin Dufferth and Robin Raphael and Christina Rocca as well. Karen Hughes too, we work together. But somehow I come from Pakistan. Pakistan gets the maximum assistance, I think in the world, from USA. And when even Kerry Lugarville was passed, there was so much criticism on that bill. The ambassador of Pakistan almost lost his job because of this at that time. So don't you think that something creative has to be really brought forward where Americans' softer image is presented, where America also become moral leader of the world in addition to the military might or economic power? I think it's something which is worth thinking about. No, and it's very right. And the point is that sometimes there is almost a tension between what we're doing in a policy way and what we're trying to convey of the angel side of ourselves. And I found this in Lahore and Islamabad. I arrived right in the middle of a very contentious time, way before the election. It was in the middle of the G-lock dispute over goods crossing the border. The Ray Davis events had happened. And when I went to the Kinard College for Girls and I opened up to questions, there was a lot of hostility. And this is the country where we have the largest Fulbright program in the world is Pakistan. And I did hear the frustrations. As people came to the microphone, they said, why do you think you can come in here and get bin Laden? Why are you doing drone strikes? Why did you shoot somebody in Lahore? Why are you charging us for our goods going back? And it was a lot of tension. And I explained to them that the tensions, the news of the day is always gonna be like this. Public diplomacy has to stay steady and not get thrown off course by the vicissitudes of the moment. And they listened, they're very sophisticated. They understood that I was saying, on a given day, you may not like something we do. But we're here for the long haul. And you know, they were very angry and at the end, I said, well, if any of you want to come up and ask me privately any questions, please do. And there was a line. You know, most of them did, they leaned in and they said, even though I asked that very hard question, how do I get on one of the overseas exchange programs? And I laughed because I understood. And when I talked to the ones, the Pakistani youth that had come back from the United States, their views had softened, but they came back. They didn't want to stay here, by the way. They wanted to take the skills they learned in Seattle, Washington, and apply them in Islamabad. That's why I'm hopeful. But I know day to day, man, it would, you know, you'd seem like Alice in Wonderland, certain days.  And I think things vis-a-vis US and Pakistan are far better today than they were when I arrived. So, hope. At CSIS, we've done a lot with social media. We have over 200,000 followers on Facebook. 95% of those folks are international. It's been absolutely fascinating to me because the number one city that follows us is Cairo. Number two is Jakarta. Number three is, you know, Manila. What have you, you mentioned social media in your speech. Can you tell me about some of the initiatives and what you've been doing over the past year? It's really fascinating. The reason Jakarta doesn't surprise me is that if you show up there, the American Center is huge. It's called At America. It's in a shopping mall on the third floor. It's full of programming around the clock. And Indonesian youth love being there and love now finding out more. So they learn about CSIS and other places. In the Philippines, the social media American space has gone mobile because there are so many little islands and places it didn't make sense to stand still. So they're like the circus coming to town. They come in, they unroll their banner, they put up things about American colleges and they're just mobile. And so we're generating this interest in us. But what about our interest in them? It's great that the Filipinos that we meet on the mobile space speak English and learn English. How many of us can say much into Galag? And so we understand, I do at least, that there is a hunger to know more about us. We have to wet the appetite here to know more about others. And we got to get out and make this case not just in Washington. This past year I went to Drake University, for example, to talk about why the number of Japanese students coming here has fallen 50%. What's that about? Why are Japanese students not coming? Why are the Chinese students coming but not Japanese students? And what are we doing to go over to Japan to make people feel we're interested? So I took a public diplomacy trip bringing dogwood trees. Not the trees themselves on the plane, but the seeds. To thank the Japanese for those cherry blossoms we see every year. The gesture for the Japanese, media was full of an undersecretary comes and plants dogwood trees. Now that could sound silly. It could sound soft. It could sound not the way in a sequestration too. But you wanna know something? It did more for US-Japan relations and every single time since they mentioned, oh, thank you for coming and making our parks look beautiful with dogwood trees because those trees will outlast us. That's the long haul that I'm talking about. We have time for one or two more? Yeah, yeah, let's, in the back, this gentleman right here. Hi, my name's Andy and I was wondering if the state has to justify public expenditures to US citizens and show them that the public effects for an exchange are good. How can those effects be shown, especially when some are rather long term, like the Georgia Fulbright Scholar? It's a great question and I've been working on this metrics evaluation and monitoring. So three quick facts. Firstly, education and culture, ECA, has been doing monitoring and evaluation for 15 years. Longitudinal studies, focus groups, they just didn't tell anyone else very well that these monitoring evaluations, but they're the oldest and longest. They've been looking at these. The data, and I've now said, I wanna see data. I wanna see if I send someone on a program. I wanna know how it changed them and I don't wanna be told they had a really good experience that I'm not going to the hill and saying they had a really good experience. So I now have a list of concrete measurements. Example, we took one program called SUSE. It's an exchange program and we used an outside organization, so not our data, objective, independent. We asked these people who participated in this program, what did you do after the program? What did you do the next year? The third year, the fifth year. And we looked at the results. In that program, 92% of the participants had gone on to work in civil society. Either they written down a foundation, an NGO, or they did something around volunteerism, a concept that in some places was not even a concept yet in their country. That makes you very hopeful. When I look at the Nobel Peace Prize list and I count 57 that were Fulbright's, that went on to win Nobel Prizes in Science, Medicine. I say, wow. When I look at government leaders in parliaments that have been on these programs and I count up the number of prime ministers or presidents, I say, okay, that's real. So that's the kind of data that we're now generating. We're gonna take one more. From right over here, the young lady, right over here this way. Hi, my name is Carolina, and I identify myself as an exchange student as I came to American University four years ago. And also as a young diplomat since I work at the Embassy of the Dominican Republic. So my question is, what can we do as young diplomats? What can we do as embassy officers? What can we do to help the Department of State with their job in public diplomacy?  I believe myself as an example of it. So how can we help the Department of State do that win-win situation? It's a wonderful, wonderful idea. And on the trip to the DR that I made, I was meeting with all the heads of our binational libraries. Latin America is filled with these traditional U.S. Columbia, U.S. DR. They're the legacy of these two country libraries.  So I keep saying we've got to get young people and help them to write op-eds and blogs and tweets and talk about the power of a binational center, a binational library. We have to also find ways to bring you guys up to the hill with us. It's one thing if I go up to the hill and say these programs are important, it's another thing if I take you along. And so part of it is we have to get our head around making this case. And it's not a case we've really been comfortable making about global engagement. And we just kind of assume it happens. But it takes hard work to get the voices out there to say I'm a product of an exchange. I'm the beneficiary of an entrepreneur program. I got a grant to go. And part of it is we're so, we are a big country and we're diverse and we tend to let people just wander. My big plea is alumni networks for all of these programs. Think about the network of alumni from 60 years. But that means we need alumni coordinators. And that means a budget item. Let's get real. It means I'm gonna be asking for positions at embassies for an alumni coordinator. How is that gonna fare against hard security for an embassy or assistance packages? So it's a tug of war, but you gotta be willing to fight it and fight it every day to make the argument this exchange business is good for us and good for the rest of the world. So let me wish you all that bright blue summer with books and beaches and relaxing. And thank you for being so attentive today. And thank you, Andrew. Thank you all for coming. We at CSIS were very grateful that you would speak here for this, Tara. And the undersecretary's remarks will be up on the CSIS website later today as well as a full video of this presentation. You can also, as I said before, visit us, that same information will be on Facebook. And on Twitter, we're at CSIS. Thanks very much.