Good morning. Good afternoon, depending on where you're joining us from across the world. I'm Karen Cho, anchor for CNBC. Thank you so much for joining this conversation for the Sustainable Development Impact Summit. Now, we're going to pick up on one of the topics that is regularly in the headlines, cryptocurrencies. But we have a very specialized approach to it today. We're going to just really dig into the detail with this title towards sustainable cryptocurrencies. We have effectively seen huge change in the market capitalization, the dominance of these cryptocurrencies over the past year, growing from 250 billion to 1.5 trillion dollars. But with explosive growth, there's been increased attention on cryptocurrencies energy use and just how we can build a more sustainable ecosystem for cryptocurrencies. So we will be delving into this with our panelists shortly the next 40 minutes or so. But we do want to get you the audience involved straight from the outset as well. So for our top link audience, we will be using Slido to understand your knowledge on today's topic. We're going to incorporate your questions into this discussion towards the end of this as well. So please do get involved. If you are coming to us today on live stream, we'll also be able to view the results of the poll on your screens along with us. So let's dive in and let's get started. And I'm going to pitch this to our audience today to our top link audience. You've received a link in the poll on the Zoom chat. So the question today, can crypto help drive environmental sustainability or will it ultimately lead to climate calamity? So please fill in your responses now and get involved on that poll and we'll take a look at the responses shortly. In the meantime, I'm going to introduce you to our audience and to our panelists today. David Birch joins us. Premier of Bermuda, Bermuda government. Thank you very much for joining us today, Lucia Gallardo joins us. Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Emerge. Lucia has been a serial entrepreneur building socially impactful emerging technology solutions. Tamika Tillerman is global head of policy and partner at Andresa Horowitz, which is a big venture capital giant also has been one time aid to the then Senator Joe Biden. So huge background on policy. Milton Demires joins us as well. Chief Strategy Officer at Queen shares and joined the cryptocurrency industry back in 2015. So in some ways a veteran of this industry these days as well. Now later on, we are going to have some closing remarks from Sheila Warren, who is deputy head for the Center for the Fourth Industrial Revolution, member of the Executive Committee at the World Economic Forum. So we're looking forward to Sheila's comments a little bit later on. So let's just revisit that poll. There's hopefully many who've been involved in that poll. Let's see what those results look like. So we can just get a little bit of a test as to where the audience sits today, which is an overwhelming response. Look at that. The question again, can crypto help drive environmental sustainability or will it ultimately lead to climate calamity? And you can see 71% responding saying there's potential. And I'm interested to learn more about this today. Just 29% on the climate calamity page, but I'm open to learn of its potential. So that is fascinating about where the audience sits at this point. Well, first up, let's tackle this issue of sustainability. How do we ensure that crypto is more sustainable? Premier, let me come to you first. Bermuda has been described as a crypto friendly jurisdiction. Recently you issued a special license to an over-the-counter trading platform to roll out cryptocurrency trading. Is it right to roll out the red carpet to cryptocurrency players when there are huge environmental concerns about the energy consumption of crypto currencies? Thank you, Karen, for the question. From an economic development perspective for a country like ours, it absolutely is because innovation, when you're an island in the middle of the Atlantic 700 miles away from the nearest landmass, you have to be innovative in order to attract business and to make sure that you can continue to provide for the people inside of your country. But I think the broader question is, does it make sense recognize the climate implications? And I think that what we see inside of crypto is that it is changing, and we can certainly see that the markets will play out. And I think what we need to do is to make sure that people can understand what are the implications of the crypto currencies of which they may be using. How do we make sure that people can have choice? And how do we make sure that the crypto currencies that do not lead to severe energy consumption are the ones that can be preferred and used? So I think from that perspective, as the question that was posed, there are certainly a lot of options that it's not one size fits all when it comes to crypto. I just want to follow up with you. I am at a fintech event. I've been there a week, so I understand the need for financial innovation and embracing it. But as you issue these digital asset business licenses from the Bermuda Monetary Authority, to what extent should there be some sort of provision that weighs up sustainability when we're trying to hit the Paris targets? Well, I think that's a great question. And the type of business at which we do, the companies themselves aren't the ones actually issuing and creating crypto currencies. We're talking about people who are exchanges, persons who are custodians, persons who are holding it. But I think the broader question is what role does government have to play in so far as encouraging the future? We believe that crypto is going to be a massive role of the future and is going to be the future of the way in which we transfer value. And so I think from a government perspective, we certainly should be recognizing that with certain protocols, there can be extreme energy use and speaking about how we can go ahead and modernize or what's necessary to make sure that it can be sustainable in the future. Premier, thank you. Lucy, let me come to you. You've been conducting successful work in the socially impactful emerging technologies. Is there a way in your view that crypto is more sustainable in future so it has a positive impact on society? Yeah, thanks for the question. I think this question and this topic is interesting to me because it does presume that crypto is somehow not sustainable. And if we are looking at the definition of sustainability that the world recognizes as this notion of meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to be able to meet their own. And if that's the case, then we really need to make this distinction that sustainability is not just environmentalism. And we don't just need to worry about natural resources. We also need to worry about economic resources and about social resources. And so embedded into this notion of sustainability, we need to find more concern for social equity and for economic development. And if that's the case, then I think what is more sustainable than technology with a foundational premise to concern itself with both social and economic development? And so in this way, I think crypto is certainly more sustainable than the traditional banking sector. It's democratizing financial tools so that people can build economic resilience and sustainability. And if it's about making crypto even more sustainable, then I think continuing down this path of investing in open source development in leveraging the power of inclusive communities and in making sure that this innovation can continue to be exponential, then I think we can really say that the crypto community and the crypto space and the crypto sector, the decentralized sector really embodies the meaning of sustainability to me. And so a lot of our work reflects that very foundational premise. Lucy, I'm already off script because I want to follow up with you too because in the past, in terms of what you've been up to, you've been concerned about emerging markets and developing economies being left behind with technologies. But in this particular case, El Salvador has been one of the first countries to accept Bitcoin as legal tender, which is well in advance of the approach taken in Western countries. Is that wise to have this full throttle approach when there are concerns about systemic risk in society undermining the financial system as well as the environmental sustainability issues? I think this goes back to highlighting these other aspects of an interconnectedness between the different types of resources within sustainability. A country like El Salvador has not necessarily benefited from the economic system and structure that we have historically had and other countries in an emerging markets are going to have the same problem. And so when you look at the possibilities and the potential between using this technology and continuing with the status quo of traditional sectors, then I think it's really almost like a non-decision for leadership in these countries to try to leverage the new technology to suit and to build their own economic resilience and strength. Now, the rollout itself, I think there's a lot to be debated in terms of how they've gone about doing that. But I think at the very foundational premise of being a governor for El Salvador and trying to build El Salvador's economic resilience and strength and wealth and well-being for its citizens, I think looking toward innovation as a way to do that is a really intelligent move on their behalf. And we are not going to be surprised when more countries look at this technology and the space and say there is potential here to do things differently. And I know for certain that traditional mechanisms have not worked thus far. To my gut, plenty of people want to hear from you too, given your background and policy. And I want to get to what we're seeing in the United States, a huge push by the current administration to really turn the focus towards sustainability. That's an investment, reducing industry's carbon footprint in the government that is very much trying to give the green light to that. So, Tamika, as we talk about how crucial it is for the industry to try and tackle energy consumption, what can you say on that front? Well, what we're seeing is that Web 3, which is the broad family of technologies that include blockchain and consensus-based computing systems, really don't need to be, and in most cases, are not particularly energy intensive. Ethereum, which is the most commonly used protocol in Web 3 applications, is moving to a proof-of-stake form of establishing consensus. That system will be 1,000 times less energy intensive than proof-of-work models. The flow blockchain, which powers a number of games and applications like NBA Top Shots, uses a really negligible amount of energy. And we see some blockchains, like the cello blockchain, which is based on proof-of-stake, which is actually carbon negative and processes tens of thousands of transactions a day. So this is a very important conversation. I don't want to give the impression that it's not. But even in the realm of traditional proof-of-work blockchains, like the Bitcoin blockchain, we are seeing many of the operators and data centers that secure that network moving toward renewable power. 76% of them use renewable power as part of their mix. Many of those watching this broadcast will know that every 10 minutes or so, you have a number of Bitcoin that are released to the operators of those data centers as the incentive for securing that network. And we see the process of mining really less as a bug and more as a bounty on finding clean renewable energy. And that's what it should be if policymakers do their job going forward. If I could just bring up some other stats though, because I feel like you cherry picked the best from the industry and the stats around Bitcoin are abysmal at this point. The energy usage of TVs in the United States is equivalent to Bitcoin's energy footprint. If you look at the gap towards what you're seeing in the copper industry, almost equivalent to the copper industry in terms of the energy consumption, it's closing the gap on that. Elon Musk recently couldn't make Bitcoin work because of the ESG principles affected just cross the line for a lot of investors. It wasn't renewable enough in his view. What do you say on that front? Well, there's definitely a lot of work to be done as it relates to the Bitcoin blockchain. The Bitcoin blockchain is a relatively small piece of the much broader story that is occurring in the Web 3 landscape. So I think we need to continue working with the Bitcoin community to bring more renewables into the power mix for the Bitcoin blockchain. But we should also really keep our eye on the prize, which is fostering a new generation of computing that's going to be ideally much more resilient, much more secure, much more democratized, and frankly, much more sustainable than many of the legacy systems it replaces. Thank you. Let me get to Melton, because Melton, you're an investor, an advisor, an advocate for crypto. In your view, what does cryptocurrency need to do at this point across the sustainability hurdle? Yes, great to be here. At CoinShares, we managed $6 billion in assets, and we were the first to research Bitcoin's energy usage. In fact, the 76% number that Micah quoted comes from our research, which we conducted in 2019. Bitcoin is already one of the most sustainable industries in the world. The US power mix today is only 20% renewables. The Bitcoin industry's power mix today is 50% renewables in the United States of America, as published in Q2 by the North American Bitcoin Mining Council, and was over 70% globally. Cambridge Center for Alternative Financial Research has also studied the Bitcoin energy usage question. And again, one of the things that's really unique about Bitcoin is that it's fully transparent in its energy usage, unlike any other industry in the world. Really, the conversation we're having is a subjective conversation about uses of energy, but the bigger question is sources of energy. Today, the US government subsidizes the fossil fuel industry, which is a multi-trillion dollar very mature industry, to the tune of $20 billion per year. The European Union subsidizes the oil and gas industry to the tune of $30 billion per year. The Bitcoin industry has never received a single dollar of government subsidies or government funding, and has single handedly put more renewable energy on the grid and made it economically viable to invest in, develop and build out renewable energy power generation. And to me, that is really the profound opportunity here. The private sector in this instance, the Bitcoin sector can do a lot to solve problems the public sector has been unable and unwilling to solve without impacting taxpayers and burdening them with even more debt. Future generations, my generation is facing an unprecedented amount of fiscal liability in the form of all of these subsidies and all of these bailouts that are happening in multiple industries that are mature, well-developed industries, and crypto has none of that baggage. Furthermore, I think the point Lucia raised, ESG is not just about the E. You're focusing very much on the E. The SMG are far more important. Financial violence is the number one form of violence in our world today in the form of sanctions and economic access not being available. Crypto is equalizing that playing field. Bitcoin is by far the most widely utilized financial system, and it is not, it does not discriminate. It is unable to discriminate. New types of blockchains that are being launched, just to Micah, alluded to are enabling a wide variety of economic use cases that enable 24-7, 365 access to anyone with a computer and an internet connection. So, again, I think it's very important when we have this conversation to focus on not just the E, but also the SMG, but also to remember that this isn't a subjective story about who should or should not be allowed to use energy. We don't have energy police, and the fact is that the sources of energy are a big part of the issue, and I'd love to see the conversation shift to how public policy is influencing the mix of sources of energy. We're not using nuclear. We're shutting down nuclear power plants and putting more coal-fired plants on the grid. That's directly antithetical to the sustainability narrative that's being pushed, so we need to hold our leaders accountable for answering these questions about talking about sustainability, but actually doing the opposite by shutting down some of the most sustainable sources of energy that we have on the grid today. It simply does not add up. Meldon, just quickly, can I pick up on this point, to a thought-provoking point, about subsidizing the cryptocurrency industry so it can have renewable solutions? One of the stumbling blocks is that- That's not what I said. I did not say we need to subsidize it. I said it can create more renewable sources of energy requiring a single dollar of government funding. I'm not asking for it. So you don't think it should have access to subsidies? No, I don't. I actually think the cryptocurrency sector is using private market incentives of supply and demand in order to bootstrap these economic effects that make it financially sustainable to fund renewables. Instead of relying on trillions of dollars of infrastructure bills and more debt, we can create private market incentives to fund renewable energy yield. Again, I think for folks like myself who are facing down a tremendous mountain of debt, my generation has not built the wealth that prior generations have and are severely behind when it comes to wealth distribution. I think we're very concerned about the levels of spending we're seeing that are fundamentally unsustainable. Thank you very much for that. Let me come to Lucia again. I want to get to this next topic on metrics. How do we ensure that the crypto sector has an effective strategy for mitigating environment impact? How do you think about these metrics? Is there a way to bring that into the mix when we talk about a sector that's quite unregulated? I think this is interesting and it also taps into a lot of what Meltem is saying. The world has struggled with this question generally, not just within the crypto sector. We've been trying to figure out how to really measure the efficacy of impact across time. And we've seen a boost of investment once the ESG framework came into play and it allowed for incentives to play a role in how much attention the private sector and traditional industries were paying to these kinds of topics. And yet when we look at the crypto industry, as Meltem pointed out, it receives little to no subsidies across board. And it is still continuing to be a forceful way of changing the way that we think about these metrics. And there are specific components that are already in the fundamentals of the crypto sector. You already have a lot of community led innovation. You already have a lot of traceability and transparency of information. You have the ability for the public, the wide public, to hold the industry accountable. And you already have the global connectedness of this sector, which means that maybe right now we don't have the frameworks for DAO's and protocols specifically to be driving further investments into ESG like initiatives. But I think that in a few years time, the sector will actually be quite exemplary in driving the measuring and also sort of boosting community attention toward these kinds of issues specifically because at its core, the Bitcoin sector can actually use its own structure and its own organization to drive all of these factors. I think two things can be true at the same time, we can have a traditional sector that is incredibly behind on the kind of progress, energy consumption and otherwise that the Bitcoin sector has been driving for the short amount of years that it's been in existence. And we can also say that the crypto sector still has a long way to go. But only one of those is organized to specifically drive progress in a particular direction that is public benefit. And that is a very fundamental philosophy around financial sovereignty, around decentralization and around open sourced community led initiatives and development and innovation. Thank you very much. Premier, let me come back to you as we talk about metrics here. We're trying to embark upon a box ticking exercise in some ways for cryptocurrency. How sustainable are they, whether they sit on the various timeline? But if we think about it and we step back and we think about it more broadly, we have the same questions around ESG for a lot of corporations around the world that have been in business for many, many years. One of the criticisms from the investment community is that it's just really a self-assessment at this point. There's no genuine way of telling whether a lot of these companies tick ESG. There's no global standard. So how do we then stretch to a cryptocurrency sector that is un-regulated and at its infancy and then ask them to embark upon the same box ticking exercise? I think that one of the beauties of the cryptocurrency and crypto in general is the fact that those type of things can be programmed into it. The incentives can be created inside of the actual blockchain itself. And so it allows these incentives a place what Melton was speaking of is brilliant. And it makes sense that the fact that because it creates these incentives, it has seen an increase in renewable energy that is actually driving increased renewable energy adoption throughout the world. I mean, when it comes to crypto, you can say you can figure out where your crypto is being mined, how is it? And to make sure you can find out to make it traceable. And those things can be programmed into crypto, which you can't do on a broad level. You can't tell if a company is telling the truth in your self-assessment. But when it comes to the trust that is inherent inside of blockchain systems, that trust there makes it say it is verifiable that yes, this is coming from a clean source. You can't do that when it comes to companies and self-reported. Tomica, do you want to jump in on this as we talk about whether there is a natural advantage for crypto currencies to hit these metrics? Well, I certainly think the premier hit it on the head. The beauty of these systems and the potential of these systems is to design a data architecture in which there's far more accountability around the use of energy and a much higher degree of confidence on the part of both consumers and regulators in how sustainability is being brought to bear in business operations. That's true not only of the crypto industry itself, but really much more broadly. We see the potential for blockchain-based systems and Web3 systems to serve as the backbone for new generations of carbon markets and new generations of infrastructure that will be far better equipped to measure the real environmental impact of human activity than what we have today. Achieving that next generation of data architecture should be one of the highest priorities for policymakers. I'm encouraged by some of the initial steps that we're seeing in that regard. We have both within the community self-regulatory efforts that are moving toward greater sustainability and encouraging the use of sustainable energy in operation of blockchain networks. But beyond that, we're also seeing efforts to broaden governance of blockchain networks in ways that will be far more conducive to good long-term outcomes. At Andreessen Horowitz, we've started delegating some of the governance authority that we hold by virtue of our investment positions in firms to non-profit organizations and civil society organizations that have a keen interest in looking after the public as part of their agenda. So we see some very innovative models for multi-stakeholder governance that are being brought to bear that should, along with this new data architecture, enable far more effective mechanisms for stakeholder capitalism going forward. I want to push on to some of the volatility and use case for crypto currencies because as we talk about sustainability, there are massive issues in the room here at Melton. I'll come to you on this because we have seen a pretty volatile week again for crypto currencies. It's one thing whether we talk about them just being an asset class that is tradable and one that speculators are very heavy in. The other point is what do you use it for as a method of transacting and having spent your week at money 2020? I've spoken to a lot of fintech innovators and none of them can come up with a way to fold into a payment system at this point. The argument is that it's too slow to process if you have workarounds that the fintech industry are suggesting and then it takes away the decentralized legend nature and all the benefits that the cryptocurrency brings into the mix. So it simply is not workable at this point and that is big players, it is small fintech innovators. So we're back to the point where it is just something for the speculators on markets. That's not sustainable, is it? Those points you raised are fundamentally untrue. If we look at the actual facts and again, at CoinShares we focus on research and facts. Again blockchains are public ledgers. All of the information on a public ledger is visible to anyone and everyone. The Bitcoin network has over 300 million active wallets. These wallets facilitate trillions of dollars of economic activity per year and I myself am a user of these networks. Now the unique thing here is crypto currencies allow us to transact and interact in an environment where we can't interact through traditional financial intermediaries. I myself have not used the banking system to send a wire in over a year. I use crypto, I use stablecoins on top of the crypto ecosystem and in fact many of my peers including large funds are no longer using bank wires to send transactions which will take three to five days and cost anywhere from 25 to 50 dollars. We're using blockchains to transfer value. Not with the FinTech app. You can send that money instantly. Bank account to bank account and that is globally. That does not take that long. That is just picking information. How are we going to allow the other four billion people who live on this planet who don't have a bank account? How are they going to transact? To open a bank account today you need a government-issued identity. 25% of the world's population does not have a formal government-issued identity. How do you propose that they interact with the financial system? Should we just leave them out altogether because they don't have an identity or a bank account? I mean again the problems we're trying to solve. This is something that FinTech apps have also been targeting. There is a bunch of them across Africa for instance that have the same agenda that they see mobile apps as a way for a lot of these people that don't have bank accounts to get into the system. So they're highly exploitative. Yeah but they're highly exploitative and let's not forget the amount of discrimination that is applied through the financial system including mobile money markets in emerging economies. Again any time that you have a centralized financial application what you have is the ability to censor. And again there's a great study that's been done by the Human Rights Foundation about Bitcoin as freedom money. It's being used by political activists and dissidents in economies and totalitarian governments which by the way totalitarian governments are on the rise around the world financial freedom financial privacy is a critical tool to enable dissent in democratic societies. And so it's very important that there are options where users cannot be censored right. If we look at what's happening in China for example dissidents in China are being silenced. They're being banned from using social media. They're being banned from traveling. They're being banned from using the financial system. We could very well see situation here in the United States. The Biden administration has expressed its intent to censor people who do not agree with their consensus definition of certain things in society. So it's very important for a healthy free democratic society that people have the ability to transact financially with freedom. That's what cash is. Let's get to the sea. You haven't jumped in for a while. Let's see. Yeah I mean I think I agree with so much of what Malta was saying but also you know one of the ways in which I don't have financial freedom is I live nomadically and have an entirely remote workforce paying them has been a nightmare across borders. And on top of that well not anymore but you know it was a nightmare for a point in time. And there are controls around how much money I can send at any given time even in internal payment structures like Zell there's only so much money I can send. And that does not mean financial freedom to me. But I think taking a step back in in the narrow mindedness of a conversation of thinking that digital money cryptocurrency is going to act and behave and function in the exact same way that traditional money is going to operate. If we look at the functions of money money is a measure of value. It's a store of value. It's a unit of account. It's a standard for deferred payments. It's a medium of exchange. It's all of these things. Bitcoin at its core and super utility is a store of value. And it's an incredibly effective way to have value transfer happen across borders. And so I think if we take those two aspects of Bitcoin and assess it for what it is I think it's a superior method of money in those characteristics defy which by the way a lot of these conversations that are like hating on the cryptocurrency industry is looking at it as a blanket utility rather than the fact that defy is actually enabling so many of the other inherent uses of money that I mentioned within the crypto space. And if price volatility is driven in large part by the varying perceptions of the intrinsic value of money or cryptocurrency or any coin for that matter then what is really required is you know avoiding overly simplistic comparisons of the utility of each cryptocurrency and understanding the true fundamentals of its utility and then saying hey you know this is what Bitcoin really derives its value from because it is a superior form of transferring value and it is most certainly a better way to store value than other you know commodities and markets. So I think like really important to get back to the gist of it and not say you know we are comparing every cryptocurrency as a blanket directly to money and the functions of money. Tom I want to come to you so I can bring up the conversations I've had this week clada trustly molly nexie none of these companies can get cryptocurrencies to work in online payments at this point. One of the issues to the volatility in pricing and then just having settlement and something that is so volatile. These companies that are incentivized around financial innovation they want to seize every opportunity and that includes cryptocurrencies but practically they can't make it work at this point which again takes us back to speculation of an asset class on markets. What do you say about that? Is there too much speculation too much volatility you would like it to stop? And what do you say on the transaction side? Well I could give you a much longer list of companies that are finding ways to make these technologies work so it may be that they just aren't working with the right engineering teams. These are the biggest in tech giants in the world. These are the the fastest in tech companies in the world right now. Yeah what we're seeing is that few things. First this is a very new set of technologies so that's point number one and for practical purposes did not exist 12 years ago. Second point the velocity of innovation in this space is probably unlike anything ever witnessed in the digital economy and the speed at which we are seeing new solutions developed and implemented is really quite inspiring and hopeful if you're someone who believes in the power of innovation to solve human problems. And third the most exciting innovations both as it relates to payments and as it relates to other applications beyond payments in the financial sector are really still on the horizon and we should all be very clear about that. We're fortunate to see companies come in every day that are solving absolutely breathtaking problems using these tools and they're making it work and they are building solutions that are going to have a very profound impact on our lives. So certainly I don't know anyone who would argue that these are mature technologies today and we it's foolish to think that after a relatively short period of time if you think about the evolution of the internet if somebody had said in 1996 that we would all be watching all of our television over the internet and that you and I would be having this conversation over the internet. Folks would have said that that was an absurd statement in 1996 and yet here we are. So I think we should have a high degree of confidence in the direction of travel around how these technologies can be used to solve real world problems going forward. Michael thank you Premier let me come back to you I want to spend a little bit of time tapping into your thoughts too on the conversation we had around volatility. There's been further price volatility even this week we've had some market concerns around the story in China around ever grand market concerns around central bank activity and you know cryptocurrencies haven't exactly been a safe haven this week. Are you concerned about the volatility we've been seeing in cryptocurrencies? I'm not concerned because I like to like and like my panelists who we know very well and we've been studying and understanding the space it's it's the very beginning we are at the very beginning and the amounts of innovation which is taking place will change and the markets will work. Yes there is speculation. Yes there is people who are buying coins and thinking that they're going to rich and all the rest but that is no different than has happened in any type of I guess I would say speculative bubble that has happened in the past but that is not solely the story of what we are seeing here. There's a difference between the utility of Dutch tulips between the utility of bitcoin or some of these networks as smart contracts the types of networks and systems which are being built out right now. So I think that it is an unfair comparison which is made in large measures for persons who are looking at the traditional financial system and looking at ways protecting to sustain the amounts of rent extraction which comes out of the economy from there. I think one of the great points that were given of I will see at the very beginning is that you know this is about also economic sustainability. This is about making sure that people are able to live their lives in a free way without having to rely on intermediaries big banks and different things who can say no you can't do that. Why should the citizens be told that no you can't transfer value from one person other if they believe that value should be transferred. And so what is going to be a lot the additional accountability that is going to build not only to business but also to governments and people who sit in seats like I said will only help to make the world a better place. And so I think when we're talking about sustainability we have to look at it from a broader level. The energy climate crisis absolutely but I think that bitcoin and cryptocurrencies as the systems are built will help us to be able to make incentives around making to make that better. Right now when we go to supermarket and choose eggs you can choose whether you're getting you know farm raised eggs or other types of eggs. The same thing can happen where you can go in the future and say you know I want to make sure that my cryptocurrency was mine. That's the way it can happen. And that's what we can see in the future with these type of technologies. I want to get in your thought to the use of cryptocurrencies to transact. I mean clearly where we're also a little bit in this conversation about where it's at and just how usable cryptocurrencies are at this point. But do you think it's a necessity that the cryptocurrency industry have that use case that can transact in it rather than just speculate in the price. Those use cases this right now currently I mean in the government in Burrida right now you can pay your taxes with USCC. I mean it happens right now. So it's not a question of an issue of the use case. The use cases are happening if you're going to go to purely from the perspective of Bitcoin. And yes the Bitcoin system the network itself may be challenging some aspects. And there are other level solutions which make it quicker. But there's multiple solutions which are being built which enable these transactions to happen real time. So I don't believe that we're looking for use cases. Problems are being solved every day more and more. Just finally before we close out a conversation. What do you say to regulators in some of the developed economies that are concerned about cryptocurrencies undermining the financial system. I think that that concern is valid because cryptocurrencies most likely will change the dynamic of the financial system which has been established. But the fact is that human nature cannot push against innovation of society and governments that have found themselves in attempting to try to push back on innovations which will happen naturally. Not often find themselves coming to I would say a peaceful conclusion. I mean thank you Melton. Just to you before we close out to what are your thoughts. Come back in on this. Yeah thank you so much. And I think Premier Burt you said it wonderfully. Look at the end of the day this is really about choice. Right. Choice is an incredibly powerful thing. And we're not sitting here demanding everyone in the world use cryptocurrencies. But for the first time so many people around the world have a choice. People who've never had a choice as to what currency they hold now have the ability the choice to participate in an alternative economic system that has different rules than the one issued by their government. And I think again choice is so incredibly powerful in America over 20 percent of American adults hold Bitcoin today. That's a recent study that was done by nighting fidelity in square. That's a fantastic statistic. And again it speaks to the fact that when given a choice right consumers businesses governments now are very keen to engage with this new technology the arc of progress again right. It's bending right now towards centralization and control. And we see this with COVID right governments are increasingly pushing for control for censorship for the ability to dictate who can do or say what based on whether or not their views support those of the government that's in power. And again throughout human history the ability to have freedom to have choice has been a really big accelerator for human freedom democracy and open societies. So again I believe what we're working on is just so foundational and so important to preserving the values that so many of us in the West have around the right to freedom the right to self expression and the ability to descend and to have peaceful protest and Bitcoin in its purest form is a form of monetary peaceful protest. We can choose for the first time to exit the petrodollar system which has caused so much economic damage so much social damage and frankly more environmental degradation and damage than any other technology. The war machine is the most polluting most damaging thing on our planet. And so again I'm just very excited about cryptocurrency as a tool and just one tool among many to help continue to preserve human dignity and human freedom. Nelson thank you for sharing that enthusiasm with us but I must also say thank you to the Premier, to Monsieur, to Micah. Thank you very much for joining us today and contributing to what has been I think for me my best crypto conversation I've had all week so thank you very much for that. Now as we wrap up this session just to remind you to our top link audience if you and those tune into live stream if you want to participate on social media get involved as well and get involved in the top link chat as well. I didn't take any questions in the end because we had a full conversation there and we didn't get a lot coming through so I didn't exclude you deliberately but please contribute to the conversation from here but before we wrap up I'd like to introduce Sheila Warren to you again Deputy Head of the Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution and member of the Executive Committee of the World Economic Forum for some closing remarks. Sheila over to you. Thank you Caroline and thank you so much to our fantastic panellists for such an engaging and formative passionate conversation as is obvious there's a tremendous amount of interest but also a tremendous amount remains to be done within and around the crypto ecosystem and to that end it's my great pleasure it's my honor to announce the forum is launching a global initiative called the crypto impact and sustainability accelerator which we call CISA. As Premier Burt noted in his early remarks crypto is going to play a massive role in the digital economy and we believe it behooves all of us to focus on ensuring that we're not just replicating the world that currently exists but actually improving the state of the financial system making it more inclusive, more equitable and of course sustainable. Now sustainability as our panellists noted is more than just the environment and in fact ESG metrics as discussed acknowledge this in their very name it's not EEE it's ESG and recognition of that fact our work is focusing on everything from decarbonization to exploration of decentralized autonomous organizations known as DAOS to ethnographic user research that focuses on what communities and users actually need in order to engage meaningfully in exchanges of value in ways that are empowering and provide them with agency. We agree the potential of blockchain based and web three systems to be more transparent and accountable which I'll note are very different things is unprecedented but this will require both courage and creativity in the face of mainstream conceptions of the realities of this rapidly emerging ecosystem. Our hope is that the crimp of crypto impact and sustainability accelerator will through global multi stakeholder collaboration chart a path forward to gather to ensure that we improve the state of the world and that financial services are accessible to all not just a few. So with that I want to again thank our panel and you Karen for an insightful discussion today and for our audience for joining us thank you so much for your time.


فشرف بل اشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا بدا بدا وياله من شراف عظيمي اهل السنة والجماعة لا يستقلون بفهم القرآن عن السنة ويقول هنا إله السنة والجماعة لا knowing the Quran and there is an Manufacturing that we are talking about them do not understand the Quran independent of the Sunnah there is a Hadith of Huzayfah to the Yemen رضي اللهي تعالى عنه That is transmitted from him when he find in Suha'ih Al Bukhari that He said Oh the reciters of the Quran or the people who knew the Quran يجب أن تستخدم القرآن بشكل كبير من القرآن. لكن القرآن يجب أن يكون في ذلك الوقت الذين يفعلون ما كان فيه. يا معشرة القرآن، استقيموا. Our people of the Qur'an be steadfast and upright. فقد سبقتم سبقا بعيدا. For verily you have led a very far leading. Meaning you are ahead. You guys are leaders and you are ahead of everyone. فإن أخذتم يميلا وشيمالا. For verily if you take the right or the left.  لقد ظللتم ظلالا بعيدا. Then you become misguided. A clear cut misguidance. So this statement of Hudayfah is saying be upright. Be upright in one way. By trying to understand the Qur'an. With the Hadith of the Prophet ﷺ. The methodology of Ahlus Sunnah to Al-Jama'a is that they take the Qur'an and they understand it in the light of the sunnah. That's what they do. What they don't do is as the misguided groups do. What are the acts of the misguided groups? They take the Qur'an and they understand it. Independent from the sunnah. They bring you an ayah and they say Allah said this. But this ayah the Prophet ﷺ explained it. He won't take it to the sunnah.  And that path is path of misguidance. Because the job of the sunnah is to explain the Qur'an. وأنزلنا إليك ذكرة لتبين للناس ما نزيل إليهم. The Qur'an, the meanings that are in it. The wisdom and the secrets that are in it. And the gems and the jewels that are in it. All of that is unlocked by the sunnah of the Prophet ﷺ. And that's why Allah said in the Qur'an وما آتاكم الرسول فخذوه وما نهاكم عنه فانته. Wherever comes to you from the Prophet ﷺ wherever the Prophet ﷺ gives you, take from him. وما نهاكم عنه and wherever he prohibits you from فانته. Stay away from. Wherever he prohibits you from, عليه الصلاة والسلام, then stay away from it. الشخصالح المنو فوزان الفوزان. He says يوجد ما يسمى الآن بالعقلانيين. شخصوزان says Nowadays you find a people who are called عقلانيين. عقلانيين are people who use their logic. That's what they say. Everything is based on their logic. Does it rationally make sense? And he says وهم من أفراخ المعتزلة. These people are just the modern version of the معتزلة. ينهجون هذا المنهج الضال. And they are treading on that misguided path. فإذا قال فحديث رسول الله If a hadith opposes a hadith of the Prophet ﷺ opposes عقولهم their logic وأفكارهم in their view, in their opinion رفضوهوا أن ينهجون هذا حديث. وقالوا they even say نحن لا نلغي عقولنا من أجل حديث رواه فوزان. We're not going to توس our shoulders or get rid of our logic. We're not going to get rid of our logic وعقول our brains من أجل حديث all based on a hadith that's so narrated. I'm going to drop my logic for a hadith narrated from someone who narrates from someone who narrates from someone I won't do that. حتى even if it's in Sahih Al-Bukhari even if the hadith is in what even if it's in Sahih Al-Bukhari I will not let it take it. ولذلك عمر بنعبيد was a misguided group from the belief of the Mu'tazila. عمر بنعبيد He rejected Allah being seen the day of judgment. He refused the seeing of Allah the day of judgment. And the Mu'tazili didn't want to accept it. And he said if سلمان ابن مهران سلمان ابن مهران لا عمج told me this I would say to him you're not telling the truth. If the narrated سلمان ابن مهران narrated from told him told me told me I want to take it from him. If the companions told me this I wouldn't accept it from them. If the Prophet ﷺ told me this I wouldn't have accepted this from him.  That's how much he reached. And that statement of his you see its manifestation in so many people trade. قال الله أخي doesn't make sense. قال رسول الله the messenger said والله it doesn't make sense to me man. How's that possible?   And what's so sad is that are you able to see in the dark? Can you see in the dark? But you have the eyes to see, right? Your eyes can only see through light, right? Your brain can only work through the lenses of the revelation. You can't see anything without it. It works through the revelation The same way that your eyesight is restricted is so is your logic restricted. Your eyes can see to extend. Beyond that you can't see anymore. Your logic is the same.  It's restricted in what you can see. Nowadays it's been unrestrictedly used like your brain can comprehend everything. القاعدة الرابعة The fourth principle The fourth principle أنهم لا يستقلون بفهم الكتاب والسنة عن فهم السلاف الصالح The fourth principle is they don't understand the Kitab and the Sunnah independent from the understanding of the pious predecessors that they don't understand the Kitab and the Sunnah independent from what? Independent from the Kitab They don't understand the Kitab and the Sunnah independent from the understanding of the pious of the pious predecessors Meaning their understanding is in accordance to the understanding of the pious predecessors So they get an ayah they get an hadith they understand it in accordance to how Salafu Salih understood it Why?  كلهم فِي ناري ، و يتمنى كل部عاة في الوصول ، إلا واحدة قولوا، من هي يا رسول الله all those 72 حسناً all those groups are going to be in the Hellfire except one the Prophet said 72 of them are going to be in the Hellfire only one is going to make it وهم يقولوا من هي يا رسول الله ما هو هذه الأجهزة ستأتي من الوصول فالفعل يقول ، ما أنا عليه وأصحابي anyone who is upon that which me and my companions are upon ولماذا تربي this؟ وفي رواية عند أحمد وبيدعود عن معاوية in another narration the Prophet ﷺ what did he say? الجماعة the group anybody who is upon the group where they are upon who is the group that day the Prophet and his companions so these narrations they explain one another and they allow you to understand what it means so now the question is who and what are the safe sect who and what are the safe sect are you with me brothers are we all together who is the safe sect ما أنا عليه وأصحابي anybody who is upon that which me and my companions are anyone who is upon that which me and my companions are upon if you are not upon that which the Prophet was upon and you are not upon that which his companions are upon then you're not from a safe sect the name is not what makes you a saved person the name doesn't make you a saved person and doesn't honour you the house that you live in or the country that you live in does not honour you what honours you is your actions and the deeds that you put forward if you are in terms of belief and in terms of speech and in terms of actions if you are in accordance to the Prophet's speech and action and belief and you are in accordance to the companions speech action and belief then you are from that group that are going to be saved also the Prophet صلى الله عليه وسلم he recited in the presence of his wife عائش رضي الله تعالى عنها وده سيد يسأل هو الذي أنزل عليك الكتاب منه آيات محكمات هون أم الكتاب وأخر متشابهات فأما الذين في قلوبهم زيغ فيتبعون ما تشابها منه بتغاء الفتنة وبتغاء تأويله وما يعلم تأويله إلا الله والراسخون في العلم يقولون أامنا بكل من عند ربنا وما يذكروا إلا أولو الالباب the Prophet recited his verse and he recited it in front of his wife عائشة and when he finished reciting his verse the Prophet said to her إذا رأيتموا الذين يتبعون ما تشابه عائشة if you see a people who follow these ambiguous verses they follow the what they follow these ambiguous verses they follow these unclear verses they stick to these verses which are ambiguous and they leave off the clear verses أولائك الذين اسم الله these are the ones who Allah is naming for you these are the ones فحذروهم be cautious of them stay away from them the Quran is divided into two ayat which are ambiguous and ayat which are clear cut ayat which are ambiguous are like when Allah uses the we when نحن this we is ambiguous is it the we out of royalty or is it the we when it's more than one person it can carry both meanings these ambiguous is unclear are you with me brothers the person who is sick will take that verse and say look Allah uses we and the minimum of a plural in the Arabic language is three so I'm going to believe in trinity و أقل الجمع ثلاثة the minimum of a plural because one in Arabic is called مفرد two in Arabic language is called مثنة and then the جماع starts from where three onwards right أقل الجمع ثلاثة the minimum of a plural is three so I'm going to say since Allah uses the word we it means more than one so these three gods I believe in the concept the trinity is in the Quran this ayat is ambiguous it could carry that meaning and it could carry another meaning but why do we say that it can't carry this meaning right now why are we not going to allow that meaning because Allah says و إلهكم إلهوا واحد و إلهكم إلهوا واحد your Lord is what الله يقول أحد إذن this ayat which was ambiguous has now been explained to what it really means so we now know that we is out of what out of royalty the person whose heart is sick doesn't care about these ayat which are crystal clear he will go to those verses which are ambiguous and unclear and he will base his religion on that he will base his what his religion on on that the prophet said if you see those people taking those verses and they leaving of those crystal clear verses then those are the ones that Allah is telling you about Aisha stay away from them don't get anywhere close to them their prophet is warning his own wife who is the most knowledgeable woman more knowledgeable than all of us put together عائشة رضي الله تعالى عنام she knows the religion better than us she is more noble than us and she is more greater than us مع ذلك the prophet didn't say عائشة you are very strong don't worry go and speak to these people converse and dialogue with them إن شاء الله تعالى your belief is intact now he said stay away from them however much knowledge you have it doesn't matter stay away from them so if the prophet warned his own wife about these people then we are from we are more appropriate to be staying away from these people عبد الله عمر رضي الله تعالى عنهما he said الخوارج الشر الخلق عند الله عبد الله عمر عمر said that the khawarid are the evil people from the creation of Allah انطلقوا إلى آيات نزلت في الكفار فجعلوها في المؤمنين they took verses that came down on the kufar and they placed them on top of food they placed them on top of the believers عبد الله عمر عمر is talking about a group who are Muslims the khawarid are they not Muslims the khawarid are Muslims they are Muslims مع ذلك because they are a deviated group because of the fact that they are a a deviated group عبد الله عمر رضي الله تعالى عنه he's warning against them he's warning against them so one can't come and say عبد الله عمر عمر is dividing the Muslims ما يفرق he's not dividing them these people have divided themselves from the Jama'a and they left the truth رضي الله تعالى عنه and he has to tell the people he has to tell the people the existence of these people so the people don't get fooled with them الامام الأوزاعي ورحمه الله he said اصبر نفسك على السنة be patient upon the sunnah وقف حيث وقف القوم and stand where the previous nations stood وقل بما قالوا and say that which they said وقف عما كفوا and stay away from that which they stayed away from واسلق سبيل السلف يقص صالح أوزاعي say this take the path of your pious predecessors he's using that word واسلق take سبيل سلفك الصالح take the path of the self the pious predecessors فإنه ياسعو كما وسعهم because it will suffice you to suffice them the reason is because اخوة الكلام the self كانوا they were اعظم الناس عقولا in terms of logic and brain they were better than us والله they were واكثر فهوما and they had better understanding than us their understanding was profound it was they were and they also were more clean hearted than us they were more what they were more clean hearted than us عبد الله ابن مسعود said من كان مستنن anyone who wants to hold on to a people do you want to hold on to a people you want to stick to a group of people then who should you stick to who should you hold on to he said من كان مستنن فليستنن بمن قدمات hold on to those who are dead meaning the companions the pious predecessors the person who is alive there's no reassurance brothers فإن الحينا تؤمروا علي الفتنة the one who is alive you can't reassure that he will make it through we're all open to by Allah protect us from it but we're all open to deviation we're all open to apostasy by Allah protect us from it but while you're in this world you're not sure yet شيطان came to أحمد محمد and he said to me أحمد you escaped from me he said to me أحمد you escaped from me I couldn't get you أحمد said to him not yet and he's on his deathbed not yet while I'm still alive and I'm breathing you can still misguide me he still knows that while you're in قيد الحياة while you're still in this world you're vulnerable and you're open to what for any misguidance and corruption to enter you so that's why we always ask Allah يا مقلب القلوب the one who tosses and turns the heart ثبت قلوبنا على دينك keep our hearts steadfast upon the truth steadfast upon the truth and there are many textual evidences from the Prophet that the best generation are his generation and those who came after and those who came after القاعدة الخامسة القاعدة الخامسة the fifth قاعدة the fifth قاعدة is أنهم أولوا أولوا ما يدعونا إلى التوحيد the first thing which they call to is توحيد أهل سنة the first thing that they call to is what يدعونا إلى التوحيد they call to توحيد فلا تنجح دعوة اي دعوة will not be successful ولا تصلح عبادة أنا عبادة will not be correct إلا به except with توحيد so the first thing that they call to is توحيد and no no عبادة or no دعوة فلا تنجح دعوة pay attention is there any دعوة going to make it through and is there any عبادة going to be successful without توحيد not at all so they believe that that's why they start with their دعوة the first thing that they call to is توحيد because they follow the prophets and the messengers الله said in the Quran وما أرسلنا من قبلك من رسول إلا نوحي إليه أنه لا إله إلا أنا فعبدون الله says وما أرسلنا we have not sent down من قبلك before you محمد من رسول we haven't sent a message up إلا نوحي except we sent a revelation on him أنه لا إله إلا أنا that there is none where they worship except me فعبدون واشمي الله says سبحانه وتعالى شرع عليكم من الدين ما وصى به نوحة والذي أوحينا إليك وما وصينا به إبرايم وموسى وعيس أنقيم الدين ولا تتفرقوا فيه كبرع على المشرك إذا ما تدعوهم إليه الله يجتبي إليه من يشاء ويهدي إليه من يونيب الله says شرع عليكم we have legislated for you we did deal it from the religion ما وصى به نوحة the advice that I was given to نوح which was what والذي أوحينا إليك and that which we have sent to you محمد وما وصينا به إبراهيم and that which we sent down on إبراهيم وموسى we sent down on موسى وعيس and we sent down on إيس أنقيم الدين وعلا تتفرقوا فيه and don't divide within the religion within the deem if you're all holding to the deem don't divide why are you dividing for كبرع على المشرك إذا ما تدعوهم إليه it has become big in the eyes of the polytheists that which you're calling them to which is ترحيد الله يجتبي إليه من يشاء الله سبحانه وتعالى He does each tiba He chooses من يشاء ويهوشه ويهدي and Allah guides من ينبه the one who turns back to him so what was it that they call to كبرع على المشرك إذا ما تدعوهم it is very big in the eyes of the مشركين what you're calling them to because what are you doing you're calling them to ترحيد you're telling them أنقيم الدين establish the religion and hold onto it also الله سبحانه وتعالى He said ولو أشرقوا لحبط عنهم ما كانوا يعملون if they associate partners with Allah سبحانه وتعالى لحبط عنهم ما كانوا يعملون every righteous deed that you have ever done it will be nullified if you associate partners with Allah if you associate partners with Allah the صدقة that you gave the fasting that you came with the salah that you came with the Hajj that you went to the good deeds that you came and you accumulated it will be nullified it will be nullified why? because you came with شرك شرك destroys righteous deeds الله said to the Prophet لأين أشرقت محمد if you associate partners with me لحبط عنهم عمل I will nullify all your righteous deeds ولا تقولن من الخاصرين and you're going to be from the destroyed ones you're going to be from the destroyed ones this is who نبي اللهي محمد if نبي اللهي محمد when it comes with شرك الله is saying to him that I will destroy you and I will nullify all your righteous deeds so if that's to the Prophet of Allah then for anybody else of course it will happen to them also الله سبحانه وتعالى He said أولائك الذين هدى الله those are the ones who Allah has guided فبهداهم أتدي hold on to their guidance أولى أسألكوا and say to the people I don't ask of you أجراء I don't ask any reward from you إن هو إلا ذكراء للعالمين The Prophet of Allah himself didn't want a reward for the good deeds that he was doing he didn't want a recognition from the people in no way did he عليه الصلاة والسلام but what is it that he was calling them to عبادة الله وحدة واشب الله سبحانه وتعالى عبد الله عباس رضي الله وتعالى عنهما he narrated that the Prophet of Allah عليه الصلاة والسلام he said the Prophet said and when he sent him to Yemen he said to him إن كتأتي قوم أهل كتاب قوم من أهل الكتاب you're going to meet and see a people from the people of the scripture the أهل الكتاب فليكن لربي أولا ما تدعوهم إليه شهادة الله إلا الله let the first thing you call them to be شهادة الله إلا الله that there is not worthy of worship except Allah سبحانه وتعالى let that be the first thing you call them to يا إخوة الكلام my beloved brothers and sisters the first da'a of the Nabil Allah Muhammad SAW all the prophets were to'id and then Mu'ad who is now sent to Yemen the Prophet said let the first thing you call them to be to'id that's the first da'a that's what you start with don't talk to them about فضائر العمل don't talk to them about sias and politics don't talk to them about heart softening start with to'id first start with التو'يد the Prophet SAW his da'a started with what التو'يد and what did he finish with التو'يد he finished with تو'يد عايش رضي الله تعالى عنها شيسا لما نزل برسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم وطفق يطرح خميصة له على وجهه when the messenger صلى الله عليه وسلم the agony of death and the pain was getting too much it was a cloth which he was placing on his head and the cloth it was being wet so it was put on his head because his temperature was high عليه الصلاة والسلام at that particular moment the Prophet was fainting and he would become conscious again and then he would faint and then he would come conscious again and look what he said in between those in between the conscious while he was in between the faintings look what he said in between while he was conscious he said اللعنة الله he may Allah's curse be upon him علي اليهودي و النصار the Christians and the Jews why اتخذوا قمورة أمبياءهم مساجدة they took the graves of their prophets and another narration the Prophet said وصالحيه and the righteous ones they took it as a grave I'm sorry they took it as a mischid they took the graves and they built mischids on top of it may Allah's curse be upon them may Allah's curse be upon the Christians and the Jews the Prophet said this another narration says this was five years before he died five days before he died five days before the Prophet died he was saying this what did عائشة say يُحَدِرُ بِبَ صَنَعُ the reason why he did this because he was warning about what the Christians and the Jews were doing meaning oh my God my people stay away from it don't do this then عائشة says وَلَوْ لَا دَالِتَ لَأُبْرِزَ قَبْرُهُ غَيْرَ أنَّهُ خُشِي أَيُتَخَذَ مَسْجِدًا عائشة said because of this if it wasn't for that sake the Prophet ﷺ's grave would have been made to the open everybody so they can see him it would have been open to the people and it would have been made open wide but she said غَيْرَ أنَّهُ خُشِي أَيُتَخَذَ مَسْجِدًا but the fear that people may take it as a message and pray there was there it was scared so it was walls were made around it to protect the people from coming to it are you with me brothers before he dies is warning against shirk his da'a started with what قولوا لا إله إلا الله تفليحوا قولوا للا إله إلا الله you're going to find success the Prophet ﷺ he said الأنبياء إخوة من ألات the Prophet said that the Prophet are brothers they are all brothers من ألات the one ألات means brothers who have the same da'a but different moms that's what ألات is so what he's trying to say is all of us prophets we have same da'a but different moms what does he mean by that we all have توحيد but we have other sub branches of religion which is different و أمهاتهم شتاء their moms are different و دينهم واحد but their religion is one the religion meaning their توحيد is the same that's the father every one of them their father is one meaning their توحيد is one all of them where they call to عبادة الله وحدة و أمهاتهم شتاء their moms are different means each one pray different from the other one fasting زكات حج different ways and forms that is done in doesn't make sense but they they call da'a which was الله been worshiped سبحانه و تعالى أشيخ المجدد محمد من عبد الوهام when it comes to this concept of a توحيد are you with me he mentions that the people are of different types regarding it he said those who oppose the توحيد are of types فأشدهم مخالفة the one that is the severest in opposition the worst in opposition من خالفة في الجميع is the one who accepts it in totality فقابل الشرك he accepts the shirk و اعتقده دينا and he accepts it as a religion و انكرت توحيد and he rejects the توحيد و اعتقده باطلا and he believes that the توحيد is باطلا افتحوا the worst is this one what does he do he bases his religion on شك that's his deed he believes that's what he gets closer to Allah he makes his religion based on this as for توحيد for him is باطلا none of it doesn't exist he rejects it he refuses it that's the worst of them another group of people he said و من الناس من عبد الله وحده another group they worship Allah they worship Allah alone و لم يمكن الشرك but they don't reject the shirk they don't reject it و لم يعادي اله and they don't show enmity to its people that's one group of people they're upon توحيد if you see them it's between توحيد and when he looks at the people of توحيد when he sees the people of شرك he doesn't speak against them he doesn't reject it and he doesn't show enmity to them this is a بحمد بلا عبد الله he has listed this in a lot المخالفين these people are opposers of a توحيد he's a موحد but he's not reject the shirk the next one is و من غمل لم يحب التوحيد this one doesn't love توحيد و لم يغضغ and he doesn't hate it as well he doesn't like توحيد or does he hate it صح you see those Christians who say to you look like Muslims I ain't got nothing against you no do I like you guys no do I hate you guys I'm not too concerned about you guys that's his belief he's from the وات المخالفين اللي دعوة توحيد he's in opposition to توحيد the next one is و منهم لم يبغد الشرك he doesn't hate shرك و لم يحب and he doesn't like it as well he does not like شرك nor does he have enmity towards شرك he looks at the كفان I don't really like them نعم و منهم from them is what من لم يعرف الشرك one who doesn't even know shرك he doesn't know it و لم ينكره and he hasn't rejected it و لم ينفيه and he hasn't negated it و منهم from them is what من لم يعرف توحيد the one who does not know توحيد و لم ينكره and he hasn't rejected توحيد then the sheikh says و منهم وهو أشد الأنواع خطران and then he says there's another type and this is the worst of them all is من عامل بالتوحيد من عامل بالتوحيد


Baking blind sometimes called pre-baking is the process of baking a pie crust or other pastry without the filling. Blind baking a pie crust is necessary when it will be filled with an unbaked filling such as with pudding or cream pies in which case the crust must be fully baked. It is also called for if the filling has a shorter bake time than the crust, in which case the crust is partly baked.One blind baking is also used to keep pie crust from becoming soggy due to a wet filling. A close-up photograph of ceramic pie weights blind baking can be accomplished by different methods. In one technique, the pie crust is lined with aluminium foil or parchment paper, then filled with pastry, or pie weights sometimes called baking beans to ensure the crust retains its shape while baking. Pie weight weights are available as ceramic or metal beads, but rice, dried peas, lentils, beans or other pulses can be used instead. When using this method for a fully baked crust, the weights are removed before the pre-baking is complete in order to achieve a brown crust.3 Another technique dispenses with weights by placing a second pie tin on top of the crust, then inverting the tins to bake. In this method, the crust browns between the tins.1 The further simplified technique involves piercing the crust repeatedly with the tines of a fork to produce small holes, allowing steam to escape and preventing the crust from bubbling up, but that does not work with soft dough such as pastry.


The Delta State Executive Council has approved 15.7 billion naira for the construction of Phase 3 of flawed control measures in Wari-e-Furo, and a virus in Wari-South and Uyeh local government areas of the state. At a State Executive Council meeting preceded over by Governor Sharif-Opera Wari, the State Commissioner for Information, Dr Ifani Ososa, said the Phase 3 of the control measure will cover Airport Road, Uboru-Koko, Bendele State, and Uborukei, an environment in Uyeh and Wari-South local government areas. The Commissioner for Information, Dr Ifani Ososa, has made this statement in the Government House of Sabah, the State Capitol. Failed control measures in Airport Road, Wari, and Evarons Phase 3, Airport Road, Uboru-Koko, Uborukei, and Evarons in Wari-South and Uyeh local government areas. And the Contrast Sum is about 15 billion, 795 million, 614,000 naira, 53 cobalt. As for the release of 600 million counterpand funds for the implementation of the 2024 Sustainable Development Goals, conditional grants and schemes to Delta State. Those are the two approvers that we got today. On his part, Director-General of Word Up, Prince Godwin, a yin-yere said that Phase 1 has been completed while Phase 2 is at 85 per cent completion. A yin-yere added that the agency was planning a total solution for flood control measures in the Wari Stadium area and that design worked around the Nairan community, Igbudu, Odebo Estates, among others, were ongoing. Phase 1 and Phase 2 was contacted out to Levant Construction Company and CCECC Construction Company.  It is just the silting of the drains that is ongoing. By CCECC, they are 85-90 per cent near completion. I want to tell us that so far so good, therefore, as is for us to get too tired of the flood mess, we find ourselves, the Governor just viciously approved the Airport Road that is comprised of Airport Road, Benderl Estates, Uboru Koko, Uboru Ke, Agisem.


Right into the game we go mage rogue and I feel like we have discovered the true counter to mage rogue and it is two healers we get the bloodlust pot there Oh my god he's going up He's going up boys I don't think it's going to match like that We get the mage out with a lovely empty but the saps can land on the suit young It's not going to matter too much I believe We can just PS the opener and by the time it is over we'll have another healer to keep us healthy Polymos can land on the suit young here Shadow dance is you double fear onto the mage and rogue will from the mage and will from the rogue and the mage is going to start taking some pump here now Holy nose coming out blind lands onto suit young can trick it if he wants I would probably recommend it he does shrink it out and we're getting some damage now onto the mage and the mage rogue can do fuck all about this they are in a world of rather chasing the mage down he's got double dots he's going to need to block behind the pillar if possible he's getting the evocation off going to get feared on this into an instant master spell I was trying to call it but Ryan's brain doesn't work as fast as mine blinks away with the double dots and the mage is simply out with the ns pain lightning and to take the bloodlust win because you have 15 seconds left on that eye I can't believe it you need to move up to three wins a uh it's sap d actually sap you play with sap d sometimes don't you uh not recently not recently well og and sap d gonna see if they can get a dumb blizzard comes out gonna whiff entirely um this could be a tricky for you right if they can get yeah I am they get good opener it could be bad it could be bad for business but riv never ss is because he believes himself slightly too much of a modest cheap just to land with the shadow guns come out the road double deep but one deep is going to land and the c s is full onto river here we are going to get kidney tier we're not going to use anything no because this mage rogue is doing zero in the damage department polymorph is going to be onto the rogue and onto river at the same time get the spell onto him we're taking a bit of shoe here now we need to start thinking about ps ps does come down and the mage rogue should be resetting on this to try and open again gouge lands off of the damage and we're trying to fake a kick here that is on call down we are thinking about the prep a little bit too much as that is also on call down but we get kicked full here and this is trouble for us if the rogue can get back onto us we are fucking done out here but the rogue is stuck in a polymorph on the other side of the map and we should be able to top ourselves up though shadow dance available in 10 seconds cloak not available for 35 though so river should be able to keep these guys off us for the foreseeable future rogue trying to get behind trying to get stealthy possible we are getting solo by a mage currently well sorry i'll turn into the mage is getting solo by us currently um caught him to a fear and uh the block is not going to come out because he has caught that and that is awkward oh my goodness it could be blessed pre-dk is such a blister on its unreal at this point it's plague dude yeah well any of these pre-dks managed to get onto the priest let's find out deep is trinketed by the paladin and uh these guys they are getting onto us we trinket the hodge we get double fear trinket out by the paladin with the lich born from the dk paladin is going to go into a very tricky situation but a good strangler it's going to mean he can get a couple of heels off but the paladin is simply not going to have enough in the tank and dropping down to 40 here trying to get behind the pillar gets counter spelled so he cannot get any heels off pennants can land onto him as well and uh taking a lot of damage here he is fucked mate he's done out here see you later next game um oh he's done that thing or he's ended he's ended too early the game still going mate this game's done yeah it is we're about to just bottom the scene let's fuck it over oh my god another palawariah another palawariah another palawariah will riv throw this one as well i don't know is he gonna soulstone he's got one second left doesn't decide to soulstone he's going all in and this is this is sudden this is sudden death boys if uh if we die here it's all over what happened at uh at uh brb got rezzed uh blazed on from the warrior here um just are taking a lot of pump gets unrelenting assaulted upon which is not ideal but the warrior is going to be pulled here Trink is out of a slow just to get the stun ps is thrown into the bin and we have no cooldowns left available shadowmelt is the only thing we have to survive at this point penance is going to top us up a little bit but the warrior has a lot of damage going for himself um river gonna be okay for now we are going to get charged on by the warrior again but the intercept polymorph to let on to him and the paladin is not in a position to dispel gets polymorph onto the paladin swaps over and the warrior is the leader we the one taking damage river down to about halfway reflects the deep again reflects the deep onto river after the blink which is not great for business um river with a bit of a questionable play but the warrior still in some trouble here gets to reflect again on to the penance but the warrior sure what 10% with his cs on to the paladin we're trying to get mind control off here get hodged on it so we're not going to land but river is taking a lot of damage get shield it's bashed um which is going to be a six second lockout for him and the warrior back on to jess are now with all the damage that he can find river with a polymorph on to the warrior it's only going to be two seconds we get to dispel anyway and uh it was a bit touch and go there for a second bubble comes out the paladin instantly dispel this time and polymorph is going to land river had the faith in the dispel that time lands the polymorph perfectly off of it warrior back on to river here though trying to do a bit of damage we have one block available place them is going to be used blinked away from which is not going to do anything for the warrior transfers it on to rhyme we are in a bit of a sticky situation but it's not too bad polymorph is going to land on to the warrior with a cs on to the paladin to stop any dispels managed to get the mount up and away from the warrior but river is going to be the one taking damage here we are getting a drink in the middle of the map and there is going a bit too deep for my liking he's going to probably need to block here unless he can do some very good kiting we get a skull from the young stew so hopefully Ryan's taking a drink as he keeps river alive river is just kiting him to oblivion has to put the block in for his sins and that was not great play from the young mage here um trying to run away from his healer never really the optimum strategy no block left on river now and any damage onto him is going to be trouble fear lands on to the paladin with a polymorph on to the warrior cs on to the paladin as well and a deep freeze to follow it up gets trinketed out of with a divine sack and now jessar is the one that is in trouble paint up is available if we need it but not much manner to play with no unrelenting assault this time but we are going lower and lower and mage has to paint up just to survive at this point but river is keeping the warrior off us with some effect charged onto now by the warrior the hymn of hope is going to get us a little bit of mana back but not that much mana but he's going to take the paladin down to zero though would assist on to him or must she comes out but river is going too close to the sun doing those icarus plays and has to blink away before he gets one shot but the paladin has not got a wing and a prayer and he is going to go down holy fuck dude my heart oh my goodness another shadow priest rogue greetings hi are you uh gonna come and take a game i hope so how you did you have a good night i guess that's a more adequate question yes i had such a good night except then they kicked me out because it was closing time ah sorry sorry okay wait uh what's happening okay so therefore like no maybe five quite large people they're all dancing around the pillar again we love pillars in this game one of us has a skull i'm on his side but he's got a skull over his head oh my christ it was a zoom in oh my god he's doing something that's a mist this is clearly very traumatic one of the guys has a coin over his head is he mario no he's not this isn't that game uh everybody has a flag uh mario man is running away oh pussy oh ryan died uh no this sucks oh that horrible like tick thing seems to be murking people that's disgusting can somebody off that one that's on our side i don't oh it's on our side oh i don't oh there's a worm oh uh giant mario oh good the tick thing is dead i know it's on our side but i'm relieved anyway i'm sorry uh and other guys oh oh everybody's tiny friends are dead wait but ryan's still alive in this game we'd love to see it oh someone's firing some stuff one of them ah wait he's a he's a ghost flawless as usual jazz thank you hi guys i'm going off mate thank you for for the banter thank you for hosting me it was uh it was a pleasure as always you were fantastic she had jazz as well she's great too shout out to jazz do you hear that you got a shout out oh my god i got a shout out yes you got a shout out well done on core match is required and the king of here what's the on core match lina maybe we could make this like a customary thing the on core match usually i'm fucking fried at this point so i don't know about that discresto do we do one more discresto to end the night chat okay let's go to sharpies rug okay we're going in dude have faith now he's no he dies in one step surely i got the rug out with the the naughty feet ooh the little hex no no no there's no way i die from this this air go oh no i'm so dead i'm alive no come on kick it luna yes i believe i don't die here the earth shield will prevail no doubt how is he not in there it's a miracle oh well this could be it boys no the shield melee yes dodge no that could be the melee kill oh all right tribute match complete boys