I'm currently in New York City, so I want to thank MIT for teaching me that it's never too late to work on your education. I'm here from Brazil to be one of the supply managers for the Dobson Park borders here in South Sudan. It's here for our base and here in the Douro Refugee Campo, close to the border with the Dobson Park. I'm practically part of the first team to complete the MicroMasters supply chain management. All the parts I'd like to say that this work has been a good study. And for sure, all these updates and analytical framework that will help us make our supply chain strategy. Hi, my name is Koffer Shen from Shanghai, China. I was an SAP consultant before from Accenture Consulting. About four years ago, I started my journey of supply chain. Last year, my boss from UK, he recommended this course to me and we finished the course at about the same pace. Many ideas from this course have been implemented in our company, such as the QS inventory strategy, ABC management of stock, and we are now using the network design model to look for some options of distribution center in Southeast Asia. I think my career will advance in the next two or three years due to this course. The most important lesson I learned is still the inventory management and three flows, material flow, cash flow, and information flow. I have bought and read lots of books in this aspect. Overall, this is a great lesson and I recommend everybody from supply chain management area to attend. Special thanks to Chris, Austin, and other faculty from MIT. I am a humanitarian logistician in the East Africa region. I am also one of the first graduates of the MicroMask 1000 supply chain management and logistics offered by MIT via the ADEX network. What I love most about these courses is the calibre of the instructors, the relevance of the syllabus to my day-to-day work, the flexibility with which one can actually take the courses, and the fact that you are getting all these at virtually no cost. So because of the aforementioned factors, the courses have attracted a high caliber of students making for a very vibrant discussion forum which further enhances the learning experience. What I would like to say to the people who are putting in long hours in sacrificing to make these courses possible is thank you very much, keep it up, and this is really making a difference. Hi everybody, congratulations on being the pioneers of our MicroMaster supply chain management degree. It's super exciting. I can't believe we made it. I just wanted to say I guess life has been impacted by this MicroMasters. It'll be the current contract I have, which I love. I've actually ended up with seven job offers out of this contract, so I'm well on my way to a full-time permanent position at the company that I want, which is really incredible. The sole reason they wanted me apart from my other experiences pledging was the fact that I'd done this program and they knew that it was going to be very useful. So I feel very blessed and very appreciative to have had this wonderful chance. What important lesson have I learned? That doesn't matter who you are, if you have a drive and a will, you can get through any classes and any coursework you want, and that virtual global community is just as cool as one that's actually physically close by. It's all about what you make of it. So I just wanted to say congratulations again and we've done it. We're done. We're graduated. Congratulations. Hi everybody. My name is Stephen. I'm from Canada. During the past 16 months, I had completed MIT supply chain management MicroMaster credential. That was a very self-disciplined 16 months. Week after week, we follow the program's pace and be very energetic and curious in some new information, new knowledge. That was very helpful in daily life as well as professional career. More important, I found a study body from Australia. We work independently but help each other and compete with each other. You know, always for men, it's very important to compete with each other. So today, don't hesitate and join us for the program. It will change yourself, be a better one. Come on, join us in MIT. Hi everybody. My name is Giovanni and I'm currently living in Spain. It has been a long path, the one that I followed to complete the MicroMaster credential. I had a lot of fun as well as been rewarding for the many different topics that I had the opportunity to learn from the teachers of the MicroMaster. I enjoy this period and the main lesson I leave for me to give the moment and to try to give my best every week and in every single lesson. The impact I've been for me to relocate in any pre-country and to start, we can say, a new life. I'm Sunita Raif from Chicago, USA and I'm proud to be an MITx Supply Chain MicroMaster's pioneer. The program has been life-changing. I have consistently applied my learning to my job in consulting from day one. Not only has it gone beyond my expectations in in-depth supply chain concepts and formulations but also reminded me how much I enjoy learning and academics after two decades and seek my curiosity in more reading and research. For me, it was also a lesson in patience and humility. It's great to be part of this cohort. I've met so many peers who are also passionate in supply chain management and I cherish all the friends I've made around the world. When I took my first course in the MicroMaster's program one year ago I did not imagine I would complete all five courses and the MicroMaster's credential. It quickly became part of my daily routine and I looked forward every week to the new modules, lectures, recitation, practice problems or assignments. For that, kudos. Thank you to all the faculty, the TAs, the staff and everyone behind the scenes at MIT for putting this wonderful program together and making a difference. May your tribe flourish. Hello everybody. For me, this black online courses was two and a half years wonderful journey full of new things, new experience and excitement. For sure, I will use it in my future life. You know, starting at MIT, it's like getting top-class education from the top university and from professionals in logistics.  You have the same feeling and I'm happy to be a part of this great team. Good luck to everybody. I am Vasilius Moraitis from Greece. I am the general manager of the Hazard Waste Treatment Company here in Greece. MITx radically changed the way of dealing with daily problems in my life and helped me essentially to predict and design. So I'm totally sure that studying with MITx will enhance my career and my life in general. So I would like to wish the best to everybody who participated in this nice project and absolutely the supply chain management MITx team. Hi guys, I'm Lucas from Brazil and I really like to participate in MicroMASTER program from MITx. That was a very great time to me. I've participated in it so hard during almost two years and that's an amazing program. I learned a lot and especially how to make art, how to be part in a worldwide group and making everybody grow together. So that's my main experience and my main learning in this program and I hope all of you enjoy the program and I hope you have fun and have a successful one. Okay, so thank you and bye. MITx SCC-MM MicroMASTER is a solid education and a professional degree that would be valid worldwide. I've learned how to see the broader picture of the supply chain process. I've also learned about so many techniques and the tools for an efficient supply chain. I'm now able to discuss various aspects of supply chain with my colleagues. Hello, my name is Chee Dot. The most important lesson I've learned through the MITx MicroMASTER program is that supply chain management is such a widely ethical but largely unrecognized field. Supply chain is literally everywhere from the corner shop around your house, the multinational company I'm working for. But the need for better management for the supply chain is largely unrecognized because the field is so new and most people haven't realized the full potential of their supply chain. It is truly a waste for the society but it is also an opportunity for the prepared mind. Through the MITx MicroMASTER program I have applied my learning to improve the mind and logistic system and the cloud inventory policies for my company and earned myself a promotion to looking after the supply chain from the mines to rail to port and eventually to customers. This program has already changed my life and I will pursue further down this rewarding path by applying the MIT supply chain management blended program because I know it is a whole new world ahead of us. Hey guys, my name is Luiz and I live in Brazil. I can say that I started the MicroMASTER program before it even was on MicroMASTERs. I started in the very first class and I gained a lot of knowledge throughout the course, a lot of knowledge that I can use in my day-to-day activities and it really helped me in my job so it made me a better professional. I can also say that what I think the most of this is that you have to have discipline. MIT gave us the opportunity to participate in a top-ranked course from a top-ranked institution but you have to have the discipline, you have to take your time to study, to watch the classes and to take all the tests. So this is what I got the most. When you have some discipline you can get what you want. So thank you all. Thank you for the program. It was a great experience and I'm very happy with it. I'm happy I joined it since the beginning. Thank you. Bye bye. Hi, this is Queenie. I'm from Hong Kong. Thank you Chris and the team for organizing this wonderful supply chain management program. This management program is very practical and comprehensive cost. You can learn a supply chain model like probability, optimizations, and also you can learn about the trade-off between forecasting, infantry and transportation. All are very useful techniques that you need to know in supply chain. I think this course is very different from the outside course because you can learn more about the latest technology like big data, SQL and machine learning that are very useful in your work and your daily life. Furthermore, it surprised me that you can meet friends in your supply chain industry all over the world. You can have a quick chat with your classmates in the chat room and you can share more about the transportation and supply chain insights. So don't wait and come and join us to start your supply chain journey in MITx. I'm a busy. I work as a business analyst at Flipkart. This is an Indian e-commerce company located in London, India. I got to learn about the supply chain in a holistic way covering diverse topics such as whole supply chain fundamentals, design, dynamics, finance, analytics and technology through this MicroMasters credential which helped me greatly in my job. This course also taught me that most real-life supply chain problems demand a comprehensive understanding of the subject. Hello, my name is Lemuel from Brazil, Brasilia, the capital. This course was wonderful for me. I have been heading in supply chain logistics and transportation era in my company that is one of the biggest in my country. And this kind of knowledge has so relevant and could apply right now in my database activities. And also, I had a great lesson. I realized that we, everyone could really learn through internet, special content, special skills you really could develop through internet. So it was great. Thank you, a big congratulations for this team for this great course. Thank you. Little did I realize, back in 2012, when I first saw a course in supply chain management, advertised on edX, what I was signing up for. Five courses and a comprehensive final exam later, I am proud to call myself a MicroMaster. It is fair to say I am now more familiar with the mixed integer linear programming model than I am some family members. Before this course, I used to think that a lot of the issues I dealt with in work were related to my role or specific to my company. What this course has taught me is that the suppliers may be different, the customers may be different, the software employed might be different but that there is a unifying theory to supply chain and knowing that was like a light bulb being switched on. The biggest thing this course has given me is the confidence to walk into new challenges and new opportunities and not have to rely on my experience or whether I can think of a solution to a problem but I now have the knowledge and the tools and the framework to see the end to end to put the jigsaw pieces in their place and to realize that if I don't think of a solution on the spot, I know where I can look and that has given me tremendous confidence in my job and for that I am most grateful. Thank you very much. The edX courses have had a tremendous impact in my life. After learning about the supply chain perspective and logistics, I moved to Greece to help with the logistics of refugee camps there and right now I'm working in Colombia in supply chain thanks to the MITX courses and the biggest lesson that I learned is that it doesn't really matter where you live or where you're from. You're given the opportunity and you have the interest to follow a certain path you will get as far as you're willing to. Sometimes it's really hard to sit down in the evening and watch the videos and work yourself through the quick questions but it's worth every second because the one thing I really learned besides all the facts and the important knowledge for your workers is that you get really honored, gets really recognized by your work and by your family that you work yourself through this course to get the certificate at the end. Alfonso, I am associate professor at the University of Ecuador in Spain. In the MITX MicroMaster I have not only learned about supply chain management but also about how to convey that knowledge to my students. Hi, my name is Stephanie. I'm in New Jersey in the United States and something that I've learned through taking the MITX MicroMasters in supply chain management is that you're never too old to keep learning. There's different ways you can learn. You don't just have to go into a school, you can take courses online and they're just as good as the classes you might take in a study hall or in a college that might be close by but MITX was great and very convenient to be able to fit into my schedule as I do with it. I'm Scott from New Jersey and the most important lesson I've learned from the MITX MicroMasters program in supply chain management is the importance of continuing education. After being in the supply chain field for the last 15 years I've seen a variety of changes firsthand. Nothing has been more impactful though than the power of computer science and quantitative data analysis for problem solving. Being able to learn from some of the brightest professors in the world these new techniques and how to apply them to the field has been invaluable to me. Hi, I'm Ashley. I'm among the first batch of MITX supply chain management MicroMasters. The MIT SCM MicroMasters program is one of the best things I've ever encountered in recent years and I strongly recommend it to anyone who is considering about taking it. As someone who got an undergraduate degree in electrical engineering but ended taking my first job in supply chain I always failed the need to get a systematic and comprehensive training in this area outside of my job. The MicroMasters program came in as a perfect match to my desire. I did not hesitate to begin this one for journey when I first heard about it. The course material did not disappoint me at all. With the five online courses I was able to grasp all aspects of modern supply chain management with new tools and techniques constantly being introduced. I was deeply satisfied with the course materials such as classic models and new technologies case studies and tips to coordinate with different departments just to name a few. Finishing the five online courses as well as passing the final capstone exam has not only given me a great sense of accomplishment but also equipped me with new knowledge that I believe will be indispensable for my future career. I am extremely thankful for MIT to have the vision and resources to provide such a learning platform for people like me. This has been a tremendous experience and thank you all for the hard work for making it come true. And by the way, Chris is one of the best lecturers that I have ever had and thank you Chris. This is Siddharth from India. I wanted to take a minute to describe my experiences in the supply chain MicroMasters course. A very wonderfully designed course with many characteristics on a category and practical deal with considerations. This is a bit about myself. I don't come from a supply chain. I spent 15 years in the IT industry now. I took up the initial set of courses out of curiosity and carried on because they are just so wonderfully designed. The one key take away from these courses having done all of them is that I'm interpreting multiple perspectives that has to be brought to bear when solving any kind of real-world problem. It's not just knowledge of the core, your demand, the planning of production, scheduling, or the industry management techniques you also need to understand international trade. You need to understand statistical and analytical techniques. You need to understand what is the IT background that is used to support the system. It just goes on. Finally, thank you for such a wonderful course. Hi, I'm Rajan from Mumbai, India. I have 13 years of experience in operations and supply chain. Two years ago, I was looking for a new venue for learning because my own job experience and learning I felt was reaching a plateau as there was not much options of learning on the job as I had already learned most of the skills, the heuristics, and so all the common sense and the things that I could acquire was already there and that's when I started looking for some specialization. This search led me to edX where MIT was offering its course and it really got me interested and I took the first course that was available as supply chain design and that got me started and the kind of quality and the access that I could have from one of the top institutions is really motivating and the kind of tools, the skills, the learning from each course was so good that I continued with the courses and finally the comprehensive exam where all the courses were put together and it was an opportunity to learn and refresh everything and get the full view of all the things that I learned. It was really good and I thank all the professors for this initiative. Thank you for making this available to all of us. This is really a very good initiative. It has helped me in enhancing my skills and learning and this has taken me to another level. It has been appreciated and the learnings that I have been able to apply to my organization and in future also how it will be useful to me is something which is invaluable and I thank you for that. Hello, my name is Mia and I live in Cambridge, Massachusetts minutes away from MIT campus. I studied neuroscience originally in my undergrad and I spent years working in research labs before moving into the operations side of a biotech company. The MIT MicroMasters program in supply chain management has been invaluable for expanding my understanding of supply chain and furthering my career. I've learned that the most important role of the supply chain in the business is to be efficient and to deliver goods on time and within desired service levels. I've gained many skills that helped me improve our operations on the tactical and strategic levels as well. As I seek to continue my career in supply chain management I know that the MicroMasters credential and the dedication that I've shown to earn it will guarantee me success in the field. I highly recommend it. Hello, my name is Enrique Matos-Peugeot and MITx MicroMasters supply management mainly affected my life in the way I analyze problems now as I'm a consumer with always a global perspective even if analyzing small problems. This is not only applied to supply management but to any other type of professional or professional problems. One of the lessons that I learned from MITx is that first that I was capable of learning without being in a normal classroom and also that I was able to interact with a lot of people around the world through a new way of communication. So that has been, I think, one of the most important things for me. Hi, I am Johan from Russell's Belgium. I am so happy I completed MITx's MicroMasters in supply chain management. These five courses taught me to look deeper into how a corporation functions. I am now able to look beyond the money flows that you find in companies' annual reports. This MicroMaster teaches you about the inner workings of an organization about the material flows, the decisions and the information flows that drive the money flows. If you are also intrigued by supply chain and you want to commit yourself to doing a hard thing for two years then the MIT MicroMaster in supply chain management is something for you. Finally, a big thank you for Chris Kaplis and the entire team for this high quality, highly affordable series of courses. All the best. Hi, this is Jacob. I am in Shanghai in China now. Today is a really special day because it is the hottest day all around the year in Shanghai. First I must say it is really my honor to be the first ever MicroMaster in MIT to get the supply chain management MicroMaster degree. And then my start to learn this online course I worked in KaFu, China now on operation function. And before joining KaFu I am an intern in Apple as a project manager to launch iPhone 7 in 2016. And in the past two years I just got my MBA degree in Shanghai Jiao Tong University one of the top three universities in China in the MBA program. This program is really special. I think you already know it. Its name is China Leaders for Global Operations we cooperated with MIT LGO program. So before starting learning the MicroMaster online courses I already got some basic knowledge on operations and supply chain. So why I learned this online course because when the first time I was watching this online course I found there's many new things for me even though I already attend many courses in Shanghai Jiao Tong University like the forecasting. The forecasting method is the new things I never learned before. So this is really attractive that I started the course and finished it one by one finally I passed the final exam and then get the MicroMaster degree. What I learned as I mentioned is some new things for me besides what I learned before in my university just like forecasting. And on the other hand I must say thanks so much for helping to fund my really interest in supply chain and in operation. Before starting learning I just have some separated knowledge on the supply chain and operation but this online course gives me the overall perspective of supply chain and helping fund my interest in data mining, data analysis supply chain design and optimization. So maybe in the future I will pursue a PhD degree in one of these areas maybe in MIT in Shanghai Jiao Tong University and this is still under planning but I must say thank you so much for helping me to get deep understanding of the supply chain and operation and find my interest. At last I won't say this really great program I will introduce it to my colleagues and classmates in the future. I want to have more and more people I want to let more and more people know about it know this really great program and I know in the future you will provide us more programs like besides the supply chain area I think I will see some other programs in the future. Another thing I used to visit MIT campus in 2015 it's a really great trip for me I hope in the future I will have another chance to visit MIT and also welcome you to come to China to visit my Shanghai University Shanghai Jiao Tong University or maybe we can cooperate in supply chain management or some other area in my company in California because in retail we face so many challenges and we also need to do some changes so your help is really important for us if you can provide us. So I really don't want to say goodbye but maybe it's time to say goodbye temporarily hope to see you soon hope to see you in the future and I hope you are really good luck bye bye Hi my name is Ryan Spear I began the micro registers program wanting some sort of certification in supply chain after being out of school for 20 some years now and working in the field my entire career with a degree in operations management and what I found over time through these courses is this certification was much less important than the learning that took place I learned a ton in this course and the courses evolved in the micro masters program I'm extremely confident today in my skill sets and my ability and that has a lot to do with this program and the fact that it's clear that it is a top notch program taught by top notch professors and to be able to be part of the first group is truly an honor for me and I would encourage anyone who may be watching us to go ahead and take this program and you will be very glad you did thanks again Hi my name is Mahmood Tulkhan I'm from Oman Jordan I work in shipping and logistics the micro masters program provided me with a great learning opportunity I was able to apply certain concepts directly into work I've learned to appreciate the importance of data and how important it is to have a standardized process in place and transparency between different departments and entities to get the right numbers to later on help with planning for growth and resilience by realizing this I was able to implement a new standardized process that included the IT integration to provide our clients with real time access to the loading occurring at the port the solution was aimed at discharging of bulk ships from the port of Aqaba the process of recording what's been loaded onto trucks was completely manual and clients and all concerned parties were only informed a day after today our clients submit their orders online and get a view of what's been loaded on a real time basis this has unlocked huge benefits to our clients and all concerned parties involved and I look forward to taking this project further Hello from Poland Mrs. Alex Press Supply Chain is like the most complex function in modern corporations and it's also evolving at an unprecedented pace and when something complex changes fast it takes a lot of effort to catch up there are two invaluable insights that I took away from the MIT Supply Chain MicroMasters course that will help me with this in my professional life the first one is that only those companies who make smart use of cutting edge technology will keep their competitive advantage second one is that the only way to truly optimize the supply chain is to look across its components so MIT, thank you for broadening my horizons and helping me to understand that when it comes to supply chain synchronization is the key Hi, this is Gerald from Toronto Canada as a supply chain professional I find the MITx Supply Chain MicroMaster program extremely helpful as I can apply the knowledge that I learned to my workplace to give you an example the ERP system was a black box to me where it takes some inputs and did the calculation in the back end and then spit out the results so before there was a joke among the colleagues that I don't know where the number comes from but I trust the system but after I completed the Supply Chain MicroMaster program I can say I know exactly where the number comes from because I know the equation I can trace back the calculation steps so in a sense I become more confident in what I do the program gives me a perspective on how all pieces are moving together so in terms of the most important lessons I learned from MicroMaster I would say it is if it was not for the MicroMaster program I would have never encountered and interacted with many softwares such as statistic analysis tools simulation programs and even machine learning softwares so those are really powerful and interesting program and I really enjoyed learning those as they are brand new to me so in conclusion I'm really glad that I spent the time and went through the program it's very rewarding and I hope that you would enjoy as much as I did thank you now my knowledge in supply chain management has always been on the job and I've never had taken official course as I did it with the MITx MicroMaster which presented me the theory and the concepts behind what I've used in my job experiences the MITx MicroMaster was my first contact with operation research models and also helped me to have a systematic view of the supply chain from the upstream to the downstream players so in conclusion all the learning during the MITx MicroMaster helped me to apply and be accepted for a master in logistics at my home city an important lesson that I learned from MITx MicroMaster is that everything is a trade-off in supply chain where the flow of information money and goods is what dictates how good a supply chain season can be the world is constantly changing thank you MIT for this great course and the opportunity to be part of the first class of MITx MicroMaster in supply chain management I have been telling everybody I meet since I began this program that it is the best decision I've ever made and that is no exaggeration this course is comprehensive it will give you a foothold in every area of supply chain management that you'll need in your career and it will give you the opportunity to further pursue those areas that are most of interest to you the course is challenging but it is taught with a clarity that makes it incredibly enjoyable you'll look forward to each lesson each video and confirm for me with certainty that supply chain management is the right field for me the lessons you learn are universal you'll see that every decision you make incurs a trade-off for instance you'll see the interplay between transportation decisions not sizing decisions safety stock decisions you will learn prescriptive modeling descriptive modeling and predictive modeling your optimization for instance will teach you how to minimize cost or maximize profit based on facility location and transportation routes the math that underlies all of this is embedded in everything you do on a daily basis whether it's operational, tactical, or strategic and it is critical that you understand that math because you cannot rely on software to make decisions for you so I hope you enjoy this class as much as I did Hi there my name is Sunil Kulkarni and I'm from Chicago Illinois MIT's MicroMasters program has impacted my life in several ways I've always had an insatiable thirst for information across multiple disciplines of the supply chain system Prior to joining this course my experience was primarily in the sales and operations planning and in sourcing I wanted to join a program that was comprehensive and yet detailed and helped me understand all the facets from a source to return framework if you will of a supply chain function and MIT helped me achieve that MIT's vision has always been cutting edge the coursework has been tough demanding but intellectually satisfying and the content and material that was prepared for us along with the software packages that were provided for analytical purposes and learning purposes were cutting edge as well it also helped me understand how supply chain systems act as a bridge for all the internal functions of a firm and also how it acts as a shock absorber to help manage variabilities in external events that influence a firm's business professionally no doubt MIT's name helped me land the job that I am in right now foundationally it will be an important piece of my career in my life going forward socially I am proud to be a part of the elite group of pioneering students who established their brilliant credentials in the MicroMasters program and I welcome all the future students who will join this group we are a tight knit community that talk about real world problems and help each other in those problems I would highly recommend this program for anybody wanting to establish themselves as a professional in this particular in the field of supply chain systems thank you Hi, my name is Byron Borales from here Keto Ecuador I want to say thank you MIT the MicroMaster is a great opportunity to access to a high quality and advanced knowledge about supply chain management I learned many tools that apply in my job day by day to improve my performance indicators with this knowledge I take my business decision with more security and success for that reason I recommend you to study hard to get the MicroMaster certification thank you MIT Hi, my name is Wei MIT MicroMaster in supply chain management is a very exciting program it covers almost all the fields and aspects for supply chain management I feel honored to finish all five courses in the past final examination in 2016 it was a very hard time for me because in 2015 my father just passed away at that time I lost my self confidence I lost my direction but fortunately I took the course of MIT MicroMaster in supply chain management I learned theory and practice from world class professor and the world class university the program changed my life actually because it changed my career path now I work as your demanding analyst so I want to send all the professors and staff who work very hard for the program thank you very much Hi, my name is Priyanka and I'm from India I want to understand in and out about supply chain management because during my work I was dealing with lot of supply chain issues like salesman problem classic news vendor problem some warehouse issues and many other problems of supply chain so I decided to go for this course and after this course I'm feeling very confident in dealing those type of issues and getting lot of opportunities also for the job and all Hi, my name is Amir from Sacramento California in completing my micro masters in supply chain management has given me a renewed sense of accomplishment making me more relevant in the supply chain field I'm Mukesh and I did this course for learning not for the career advancement so how did this come well, I learned a lot about optimization how to compare projects what is the importance of resilience, pulvic effects etc like supply chain terminologies are not Greek and Latin to me most importantly it also helped me to win the argument about my grocery buying decision why I can set the parameters and so according to EOQ this was the best option so you can understand the feeling that is the creativity to everyone at MIT and everyone who was involved in putting on the SCX program I think the one thing it taught me was that I enjoy learning a lot more in my professional career and now that I have a job and a role that is making all of the things I've just learned applicable it has a lot more relevance and resonance as I'm going through the program and everything that was taught throughout all of the SCX classes was incredibly relevant and able to be put to use in the real world immediately for me being able to do that from home on my own time with such a quality program was quite amazing thanks again and I'm honored to be part of the first class thanks everyone bye


I think that's one of the biggest things we've seen in his last three outings when he gets a little bit of a spot. He's able to go find something where maybe his first couple times out. He didn't. Yeah. And I would say this was a good outing. Not a great outing just because he kind of got back to that giving up a couple of home runs. They were solo shots. So usually those aren't the ones that are going to hurt you. But Jack just detailed that inning. Things could have gotten away from him in that fourth inning. He made some big pitches when he had to. I think her mom's going to look back at this one location wasn't great with some of the fastballs. And you know you got to give credit to the use in Astros. They do have a good lineup. It is tough one through nine maybe eight nine not so tough. But you have to navigate it. You got to make big pitches when you have to. He did that in the fourth inning. And then the Yankees bullpen covers four innings to your point. The guys pitch great. And you mentioned the pressure that maybe the Astros fell especially in that six. By luck gets into trouble. They bring in a break. You now he's feeling the heat as well. And you look at the Astros bullpen in comparison to the Yankee bullpen. Their bullpen has an earned run average of about four. They don't have as many reliable arms out there as the Yankees do. And I just think you look at her mom. Yes you would have loved to get more length from him if you're the Yankees. But when you've had a day off the day before Aaron Boone's itching to go to that bullpen anyway. So for her mom to give them five innings pitched with three earned runs he kept them in the game. He did not let that game get out of hand. The Yankees trust their bullpen. They trust their offense that guides into the win. I'm going to go all the way back to the bottom of the first inning with the Yankees against Zach Granky and you know Stan hits that two run home run to give them back the lead. But the way they ground out or grind it out there at bats in that first inning putting so much pressure on Granky. You felt like they could have scored five or six in the first and put it away. There was an intensity to their at bats tonight from the first batter of the game with La May you that I think is a little bit different than we've been seeing lately against a guy like Granky who wasn't on top of his game. But you have to really make sure he's in the strike zone. The only batter who didn't really do that in the first inning was Clint Frazier. You know it's interesting to bring that up because Granky is such a good pitcher. We know that but he's never pitched well at either Yankee Stadium. That happened again tonight. And you wonder if part of it Jack was because of the fans. They were hearing the noise. Jose El Tuve when he got introduced heard the noise. They saw the signs. They felt what was going on and they never felt that last season because they never played at Yankee Stadium. That's what's interesting about this entire Yankees Astros situation and really the Astros with anyone in Major League Baseball because of the 60 game COVID season. They never incurred the wrath of the fans that they are getting this year and they deserve to get it. And yes there are only five players left on this roster from the 2017 team. So yes if you're a fan you're essentially booing the uniform or booing the organization but fans have the right to do that. The Yankees are angry at the Astros. Their fans are angry at the Astros. And in terms of Granky Bob he is such a different creature out there. He's so quirky. I'm not sure if the fans got under his skin. I just wonder if tonight was a night where as John said the Yankees really made him work put such good at bats on him. I'd give the Yankees the credit. If you want to give the the fans some supporting credit absolutely. But I don't think it was the fans getting in Granky's head early. I just think it was the good at bats. I think the one player that the Houston Astro or was affected on Houston was Al Tuve clearly and it seemed like the Yankee fans. He was target number one and you have to think back to 2017. Maybe he took an MVP away from Aaron Judge. You think to 2019 the home run against Chapman was anything happening during that at bat. But I thought Al Tuve looked a little rattled tonight. The Yankee fans came after him definitely made a difference in this ballgame.


In a garden which must, I think, lie somewhat apart and enclosed in one of the valleys of central England, you came across the English grass in summer, beneath the shade of a tree. You were running, but your arms were stretched before you in a sort of dance and balance, as though you rather belonged to the air and to the growing things about you, and above you than to the earth over which you passed, and you were not three years old. As in jest this charming vision was recorded by a camera which some guest had with him. A happy accident, designed for all we know by whatever powers arrange such things, an accident of the instrument or of the plate upon which your small happy advancing figure was recorded. So chanced that your figure, when the picture was printed, shone all round with light. I cannot, as I look at it now before me, and as I write these words express however much I may seek for expression, how great a meaning underlies that accident, nor how full a fate end of reason, and of suggested truth, that Oriel grows as I gaze. Your innocence is beatified by it, and takes on with majesty the glory which lies behind all innocence, but which our eyes can never see. Your happiness seems in that mist of light to be removed and permanent. The common world in which you are moving passes, through this trick of the lens, into a stronger world, more apt for such sight, and one in which I am half persuaded, as I still look upon the picture. Blessedness is not a rare adventure, but something native and secure. Little child the trick which the camera has played means more and more as I still watch your picture, for there is present in that light not only blessedness, but holiness as well. The lightness of your movement and of your poise, as though you were blown like a blossom along the tops of the grass, is shown through, and your face, especially its ready and wondering laughter, is inspired, as though the light had filled it from within. So that looking thus I look not on, but through. I say that in this portrait, which I treasure, there is not only blessedness but holiness as well. This which is the cause of blessedness, and which contains it, and by which secretly all this world is sustained. Now there is a third thing in your portrait, little child. That accent of light, light all about you and shining through your face, is not only blessed nor not only holy, but is also sacred. And with that thought there returns to me as I look at what always should return to man, if he is to find any stuff for profit in his consideration of divine things. In blessedness there is joy, for which here we are not made. So that we catch it only in glimpses or in adumbrations. And in holiness, when we perceive it, we perceive something far off. It is that from which we came and to which we should return. Yet holiness is not a human thing. But things sacred, things devoted to a purpose, things about which there lies an awful necessity of sacrifice, things devoted and necessarily suffering some doom. These are certainly of this world. That indeed all men know well at last and find yet part of the business through which they needs must pass. Human memories, since they are only memories. Human attachments, since they are offered up and end. Human fears and hopeless human longings. These are sacred things attached to a victim and to a sacrifice. And in this picture of yours with the light so glorifying you all around, no one can doubt who sees it. But that the sacredness of human life will be yours also. That is you must learn how it is offered up to some end and what a sacrifice is there. I could wish, as I consider this, that the camera had played no such trick, and had not revealed in that haze of awful meaning all that lies beyond the nature of you, child. But it is a truth which is so revealed, and we may not, upon a penalty, more terrible than death neglect any ultimate truth concerning our mortal way. Your feet which now do not seem to press upon the lawn across which they run have to go more miles than you can dream of through more places than you could bear to hear. And they must be directed to a goal which will not in your very young delight be mentioned before you, or of which, if it is mentioned, you will not understand by name. And your little hands which you bear before you with the little gesture of flying things will grasp most tightly that which can least remain, and will attempt to fashion what can never be completed, and will caress that which will not respond to the caress. Your eyes which are now so principally filled with innocence that the bright quality drowns all the rest will look upon so much of deadly suffering and of misuse in men that they will very early change themselves in kind, and all your face which now vaguely remembers nothing but the early vision from which childhood proceeds will grow drawn and self-guarded and will suffer some agonies, a few despairs, innumerable fatigues, until it has become the face of a woman grown. Nor will this sacred doom about you, which is that of all mankind, cease or grow less or be mitigated in any way. It will increase as surely and as steadily as increase the number of years, until at last you will lay down the daylight and the knowledge of day-lit things as gladly as you now wake from sleep to see them. For you are sacred, and all those elders about you whose solemn demeanor now and then startles you into a pretty perplexity, which soon calls back their smiles, have hearts only quite different from your quite careless heart, because they have known the things to which in the manner of victims they are consecrated. All that by which we painfully may earn rectitude and a proper balance in the conduct of our short affairs, I must believe that you will practice, and I must believe as I look here into your face, seeing your confident advance as though you were flying out from your babyhood into the young life without any fear, that the virtues which now surround you in a crowd and make a sort of court for you and are your angels every way, will go along with you and will stand by you to the end, even so and the more so. You will find, if you read this some years hence, how truly it is written.  And in proportion as you remember the childhood which has led me so to write of you, in proportion as you remember gladness and innocence with its complete a joy, in that proportion will you find at least a breaking burden in the weight of this world. Now you may say to me, little child, not now but later on, to what purposes all this complaint and why should you tell me these things. It is because in the portrait before me the holiness, the blessedness, and therefore the sacredness are apparent, that I am writing as I do. For you must know that there is a false way out and a seeming relief for the rack of human affairs, and that this way is taken by many. Since you are sacred do not take it, but bear the burden. It is the character of whatever is sacred that it does not take that way. But like a true victim remains to the end, ready to complete the sacrifice. The way out is to forget that one is sacred, and this men and women do in many ways. The most of them, by way of treason, they betray. They break at first uneasily, later easily, and at last unconsciously, the word which each of us has passed before. He was born in paradise. All men and all women are conscious of that word, for though their lips cannot frame it here, and though the terms of the pledge are forgotten, the memory of its obligation fills the mind. But there comes a day, and that soon, in the lives of many, when to break it once is to be much refreshed and to seem to drop the burden, and in the second and the third time it is done, and the fourth it is done more easily. Until at last there is no more need for a man or a woman to break that pledged word again and once again. It is broken for good, and for all. This is one most common way in which the sacred quality is lost, the way of treason. One bout, such as choose this kind of relief, grows a habit and an air of treason. They betray all things at last, and even common friendship is at last no longer theirs. The end of this false issue is despair. Another way is to take refuge from ourselves in pleasures, and this is easily done, not by the worse, but by the better sort. For there are some, some few, who would never betray nor break their ancient word, but who, seeing no meaning in a sacrifice, nor in a burden, escape from it through pleasure as through a drug, and this pleasure they find in all manner of things, and always that spirit near them which would destroy their sacred mark, persuades them that they are right, and that in such pursuit the sacrifice is evaded. So some will steep themselves in rhyme, some in landscape, some in pictures, some in the watching of the complexity and change of things, some in music, some in action, some in mere ease. It seems as though the men and women who would thus forget their sacredness are better loved and better warned than those who take the other path, for they never forget certain gracious things which should be proper to the mind, nor do they lose their friends, but that they have taken a wrong path you may easily perceive from this sign, that these pleasures like any other drug do not feed or satisfy, but must be increased with every dose, and even so soon Paul and are continued, not because they are pleasures any longer, but because dull though they have become, without them there is active pain. Take neither the one path nor the other, but retain abyssitu when the time comes that quality of sacredness of which I speak, for there is no alternative. Some trouble fell upon our race, and all of us must take upon ourselves the business and the burden. If you will attempt any way out at all it will but lead you to some worse thing. We have not all choices before us, but only one of very few, and each of those few choices is mortal, and all but one is evil. You should remember this also, dear little child, that at the beginning, only at the very beginning of life even your reason that God gave may lead you wrong. For with those memories strong upon you of perfect will, of clear intelligence, and of harmonious beauty all about, you will believe the world in which you stand to be the world from which you have come, and to which you are also destined. You have but to treat this world, but for a very little while, as though it were the thing you think it is. To find it is not so. Do you know that which smells most strongly in this life of immortality, and which a poet has called the ultimate outpost of eternity, is insecure and perishes? I mean the passionate affection of early youth. If that does not remain, what then do you think can remain? I tell you that nothing which you take to be permanent round about you, when you are very young, is more than the symbol or the clothes of permanence. Another poet has written speaking of the chalk hills. Only a little while remain the downs in their solemnity. Nor is this saying forced. Men and women cannot attach themselves even to the hills where they first played. Some men, wise but unillumined, and not conscious of that light which I hear physically see shining all round and through you in the picture which is before my eyes as I write, have said that to die young and to end the business early was a great blessing. We do not know, but we do know that to die long after and to have gone through the business must be blessed, since blessedness and holiness and sacredness are bound together in one. But of these three be certain that sacredness is your chief business. Blessedness after your first childhood you will never know, and holiness you may only see as men see distant mountains lifted beyond a plane. It cannot be your habitation.  Maintain it and let it be your chief concern. For though you neglect it it will remain, and avenge itself, all this I have seen in your picture as you go across the grass, and it was an accident of the camera that it did. If any one shall say these things, do not attach to the portrait of a child. Let him ask himself whether they do not attach to the portrait that might be drawn. Did human skill suffice of the life of a woman or a man which springs from the demeanor of childhood? Or let him ask himself whether if a face in old age and that same face in childhood were equally and as by a revelation set down each in its full truth, and the growth of the one into the other were interpreted by a profound intelligence. What I have said would not be true of all that little passage of ours through the daylight. CHAPTER 27 ON EXPERIENCE There are three phases in the life of man so far as his thoughts upon his surroundings are concerned. The first of these is the phase of youth in which he takes certain matured things for granted, and whether he realises his illusion or no, believes them to be eternal. This phase ends sharply with every man in his life. CHAPTER 27 ON EXPERIENCE There are three phases in the life of man so far as his thoughts upon his surroundings are concerned. The first of these is the phase of youth in which he takes certain matured things for granted, and whether he realises his illusion or no, believes them to be eternal. This phase ends sharply with every man by the action of one blow. Some essence is dissolved, some binding cordage snaps, or someone dies. I say no matter how clearly the reason of a man tells him that all about him is changeable, and that perfect and matured things and characters upon whose perfection and maturity he reposes for his peace must disappear. His attitude in youth toward those things is one of a complete security as toward things eternal. For the young man, convinced as he is that his youth and he himself are there for ever, sees in one lasting framework his father's garden, his mother's face, the landscape from his windows, his friendships, and even his life. The very details of food, of clothing, and of lesser custom. All these are fixed for him. Fixed also are the mature and perfect things. This aged friend, in whose excellent humor and universal science he takes so continually delight, is there for ever. That considered judgment of mankind upon such and such a troubling matter of sex, of property, or of political right, is anchored or rooted in eternity. There comes a day when by some one experience he is startled out of that morning dream. It is not the first death, perhaps, that strikes him, nor the first loss, no, not even perhaps the first discovery that human affection also passes, though that should be for every man the deepest lesson of all. What wakes him to the reality, which is for some dreadful for others august, and for the faithful divine, is always an accident. One death, one change, one loss, among so many, unseals his judgment, and he sees thenceforward, nay, often from one particular moment upon which he can put his finger, the doom which lies upon all things, whatsoever that live by a material change. The second phase which he next enters is for a thoughtful man in a skeptical and corrupted age, the crucial phase, whereby we'll be determined, not indeed the fate of his soul, but the justice, and therefore the advantage to others of his philosophy. He has done with all illusions of permanence and repose. Henceforward he sees for himself a definite end, and the road which used to lead over the hills, and to be lost beyond in the haze of summer planes, now leads directly to a visible place. That place is a cavern in the mountainside, dark and without issue. He must die. Next forward he expects the passing of all to which he is attached, and he is braced against loss by something lent to him which is to despair as an angel is to a demon. Something in the same category of emotion, but just and fortifying, instead of void and vain and tempting without an end. A man sees in the second phase of his experience that he must lose. While he does not lose in a gamble, it is not a question of winning a stake or forfeiting it, as the vulgar falsehood of commercial analogy would try to make our time believe. He knows henceforward that there is no success, no final attainment of desire, because there is no fixity in any material thing. As he sits at table with the wisest and keenest of his time, especially with the old, hearing true stories of the great men who came before him, looking at well-painted pictures, admiring the proper printing of collected books, and praising the just balance of some classical verse or music which time has judged and made worthy, he so admires and enjoys with a full consciousness that these things are flowing past him. He cannot rely. He attempts no foothold. The equilibrium of his soul is only to be discovered in marching and continually marching. He now knows that he must go onward. He may not stand. Or if he did, he would fall. He must go forward and see the river of things run by. He must go forward, but to what goal? There is a third phase in which as the experience of twenty Christian centuries determines. That goal is also discovered, and for some, who so discover it, the experience of loss begins to possess a meaning. What this third phase is, I confess I do not know, and as I have not felt it I cannot describe it, but when that third phase is used, as I have suggested, a character of wisdom enters into those so using it. A character of wisdom which is the nearest thing our dull time can show, to inspiration and to prophecy. It is to be noted also that in this third phase of man's experience of doom, those who are not wise are most unwise indeed, and that where the age of experience has not produced this sort of clear maturity in the spirit, then it produces either despair or folly, or an exaggerated shirking of reality, which, being a falsehood, is wicketer than despair, and far more inhuman than mere foolishness. Thus those who in the third phase of which I speak have not attained the wisdom which I here recognize will often sink into a passion of avarice, accumulating wealth which they cannot conceivably enjoy, a stupidity so manifest that every age of satire has found it the most fessile of common places. Or again those who fail to find wisdom in that last phase will constantly pretend an unreal world, making plans for a future that cannot be there. So did a man eleven years ago, in the neighborhood of Regent Street, for this man being eighty-seven years of age wealthy and holy devoid of friends, or near kindred, took a flat, but he insisted that the least should be one of not less than sixty years. In a hundred ways this last phase, if it is degraded, is most degraded, and though it is not worst, it is most sterile when it falls to a mere regret for the past. Now it is here that the opposite, the wisdom of old age appears. For the old, when they are wise, are able to point out to men and to women of middle age what these least suspect and can provide them with a good medicine against the insecurity of the soul. The old in their wisdom can tell those just beneath them this, that though all things human pass, all bear their fruit. They can say, you believe that such and such a woman with her courtesy, her travel, her sharp edge of judgment, her large humanity and her love of the comedy of the world, being dead, can never be replaced.  There never was nor has been a time, say those who are acquainted with the great story of Europe, when Christendom has failed. Out of dead passages there has sprung up suddenly and quite miraculously whatever was thought to be lost. So it has been with our music, so with the splendor of our armies, so with the fabric of our temples, so with our deathless rhymes. The old when they are wise, can do for men younger than they, what history does for the reader. But they can do it far more poignantly, having expression in their eyes and the living tones of a voice. It is their business to console the world. The end of Chapter 27. This is a Libravox recording. All Libravox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit Libravox.org. On Something by Hilaer Bellach. Chapter 28. On Immortality. Here and there scattered rarely among men as men are now. You will find one man who does not pursue the same ends as his fellows, but in a peculiar manner leads his life as though his eyes were fixed upon some distant goal, or his appetite subjected to some constant and individual influence. Such a man may be doing any one of many things. He may be a poet, his occupation may be the writing of good verse, pleased that it sound and pleased as well by the reflection of the pleasure it will give to others. Or he may be devoted and follow a creed, a single truth, or a character which he loves, and whose influence and glory he makes it his business to propagate. Or he may be but a worker in some material, a carver in wood, or a manager of commercial affairs, or a governor, an administrator of men, and yet so order his life that his work and his material are his object, not his gain in the end, but his appreciable and calculable gain at least, nor his immediate and ephemeral pleasures. Such men, if you will examine them, will prove intent upon one ultimate completion of their being which is also whether they know it or not a reward, and those who have carefully considered the matter and give it expression say that such men are out of hunting for immortality. Now what is that? There was a man before the Normans came to England who sailed from the highest Scandinavian mountains, I think, towards these shores, and landing, fought against men, and was wounded, so that he was certain to die. When they asked him why he had undertaken that adventure he answered, that my name might live between the lips of men. The young, the adventurous, the admired, how eagerly and how properly do they not crave for glory. Fame has about it a divine something as it were an echo of perfect worship and a perfect praise, which, though it is itself imperfect, may well deceive the young, the adventurous, and the admired. How great to think that things well done and the enlargement of others shall call down upon our names, even when all is lost, but the mere names, a continuous and an increasing benediction. Nay, more than this, how great to think of the noise of an achievement, and to be sure that the poem written, the carving included, or the battle won, the achievement of itself, though the name of the achiever be perished or unknown, shall awake those tremendous echoes. But wait a moment, what is that thing which so does and so desires? What end does it find in glory? It is not the receiver of the benefit, it will not hear that large volume of recognition and of salute. Twist it how you will, no end is here, nor in such a pursuit, is the pursuer satisfied. It is true that men who love to create for themselves imaginary stuff and to feed their cravings, if they cannot with substance then with dreams, perpetually pretend a satisfaction in such acquirements which the years as they proceed tell them with increasing iteration that they do not feel. The young, the adventurous, the admired may at first be deceived by such a glamour, and it is in the providential scheme of human affairs, and it is for the good of all of us that the pleasing cheat should last while the good things are doing. Thus do substantial verse and noble sculpture and building whose stuff is lasting, and whose beauty is almost imperishable, rise to the advantage of mankind, but oh, there is no lasting in the dream. There comes a day of truth inwardly, but inerratically perceived, when such things, such aspirations, are clearly known for what they are. Of all the affections at pass of all those things which being made by a power itself perishable must be unmade again. Some may be less, others more lasting, but not one remains forever. Nor is this all. What is it I say which did the thing and suffered the desire? Not the receiver, still less the work achieved. It was the man that so acted and so desired, and that part of him which was affected thus we call the soul. Then surely one may reason the soul has, up to its own nature, a completion which is also a reward, and there is something before it which is not the symbol or the cheat of perfect praise, but is perfect praise. There is surely something before it which is not the symbol or the cheat of life, but life completed. Now stand at night beneath the clear heaven, solemn and severe with stars. Comprehend as the great achievement of our race permits us now to do, what an emptiness, and what a scale are there, and you will easily discover in that one glance, or you will feel at least the appalling thing which tempts men to deny their immortality. There is no man who has closely inquired upon this, and there is none who has troubled himself and admitted a reasonable anxiety upon it, who has not well retained the nature of despair. Those who approach their fellow-beings with assertion and with violence in such a matter, bearing their discovery, their conviction, or their acquired certitude, do an ill service to their kind. It is not thus that the last things should be approached, nor the most tremendous problem, which man is doomed to envision, be propounded and solved. Ah, the long business of this world, the way in which your deepest love goes up in nothingness and breaks away, and the way in which the strongest and the most continuous element of your dear self is dissipated and fails you in some moment. If I do not understand these things in a man, nor comprehend how the turn of the years can obscure or obliterate a man's consciousness of what his inch should be, then I act in brute ignorance, or what is much worse, in lack of charity. How should you not be persuaded, my ephemeral intelligence? Does not every matter which you have held closely enough and long enough escape you and withdraw? Is not that doomed true of things which were knit into us, and were of necessity, so to speak, prime parts of our being? Is it not true of the network and the structure which supports whatever we are, and without which we cannot imagine ourselves to be? We ourselves perish. Of that there is no doubt at all. One is here talking and alive. His friends are with him. On the time when they shall meet again he is utterly not there. The motionless flesh before his mourners is nothing. It is not a simulacrum. It is not an outline. It is not a recollection of the man, but rather something wholly gone useless. As for that voice, those meanings in the eyes and that gesture of the hand, it is suddenly and entirely ceased to be. Then how shall we deny the dreadful conclusion, to which how many elder civilizations have not turned, that we must seek in vain for any gift to the giver, for any worker's age, or rather to put it more justly, for a true end to the life we lead? Yet it is not so. The conclusion is more weighty by far than that all things bear their fruit. That the Comprehender and the Master of so much, the very mind, suffers to no purpose and in one moment a tragic, final, and unworthy catastrophe agrees with nothing other that we know. It is not thus of the good things of the earth that turn kindly into the earth again. It cannot be thus with that which makes all of the earth a subject thing for contemplation and for description, for understanding, and if it so choose, for sacrifice. Those of our race who have deliberately looked upon the scroll and found there nothing to read, who have lifted the curtain and found beyond it nothing to see, have faced their conclusions with the nobility which should determine us. For that nobility does prove, or if it does not prove, compels us to proclaim, that the soul of man which breeds it has somewhere a lasting home. The conclusion is imperative. Let not anyone pretend in his faith that his faith is immediately evident and everywhere acceptable. There is in all who pretend to judgment a sense of the doubt that lies between the one conviction and the other, and all acknowledge that the scales swing normally upon the beam for normal men, but they swing, and one is the heavier. The poets who are our interpreters know well and can set forth the contrast between such intimations and such despair. The long descent of wasted days to these at last have led me down. Remember that I filled with praise the meaningless and doubtful ways that lead to an eternal town. Moreover, since we have spoken of the night, it is only reasonable to consider the alternate dawn. The quality of light, its merry action on the mind, the daylight sky under whose benediction we repose, and in which our kind has always seen the picture of its final place. Are these then visions and deceits? CHAPTER 29 On Sacramento Things It is good for a man's soul to sit down in the silence by himself and to think of those things which happen by some accident to be in communion with the whole world. If he has not the faculty of remembering these things in their order and of calling them up one after another in his mind, then let him write them down as they come to him upon a piece of paper. They will comfort him. They will provide a sort of sort of solution for the rest of the world. The rest of the world will be in the same place.  They will comfort him. They will provide a sort of solace against the expectation of the end. To consider such things is a sacramental occupation, and yet the more I think of them, the less I can quite understand in what elements their power consists. A woman smiling at a little child, not knowing that others see her, and holding out her hands toward it, and in one of her hands flowers, an old man lean and active with an eager face, walking at dust upon a warm and windy evening westward towards a clear sunset below dark and flying clouds. A group of soldiers, seen suddenly in maneuvers, each man intent upon his business, all working at the wonderful trade, taking their places with exactitude and order, and yet with elasticity. A deep, strong tide running back into the sea, going noiselessly and flat and black and smooth, and heavy with purpose under an old wall. The sea smell of a Channel Seaport town. A ship coming up at one, out of the whole sea, when one is in a little boat and is waiting for her, coming up at one with her great sails Mary and everyone doing its work, with the life of the wind in her, and a balance, rhythm, and gives in all that she does, which marries her to the sea, whether it be a fore-and-after rig, and one sees only great lines of the white, or a square rig, and one sees what is commonly and well called a leaning tower of canvas, or that primal rig, the triangular sail that cuts through the airs of the world and clove away for the first adventures. Whatever its rig is she have so approaching and awaiting boat, from which we watch her, is one of the things I mean. I would that the taste of my time permitted a lengthy list of such things. They are pleasant to remember. They do so nourish, the mind. A glance of sudden comprehension mixed with mercy and humor from the face of a lover or a friend, the noise of wheels when the guns are going by, the clatter-clank of the pieces and the shouted halt at the head of the column, the noise of many horses, the metallic but united and harmonious clamor of all those iron hooves rapidly occupying the highway, chief in most persistent memory, a great hill when the morning strikes it, and one sees it up before one rounds the turning of a rock after the long passes and despairs of the night. When a man has journeyed and journeyed through those hours in which there is no color or shape, all along the little hours that were made for sleep, and when therefore the waking soul is bewildered or despairs, the morning is always a resurrection, but especially when it reveals a height in the sky. This last picture I would particularly cherish. So great a consolation is it, and so permanent a grace does it lend later to the burdened mind of man. For when a man looks back upon his many journeys, so many rivers crossed and more than one of them forded in peril, so many swinging mountain roads, so many difficult steeps and such long wastes of planes. Of all the pictures that impresses themselves by the art or kindness of whatever God presides over the successive journeys, no picture more remains than the picture of a great hill when the day first strikes it after the long burden of the night, whatever reasons a man may have for occupying the darkness with his travel and his weariness. Those reasons must be out of the ordinary, and must go with some bad strain upon the mind. Perhaps one undertook the march from an evil necessity, under the coercion of other men, or perhaps in terror, hoping that the darkness might hide one, or perhaps for cool, dreading the unnatural heat of noon in a desert land, perhaps haste, which is in itself so wearying a thing, compelled one, or perhaps anxiety, or perhaps most dreadful of all, one hurried through the night afoot because one feared what otherwise the night would bring, a night empty of sleep and a night whose dreams were waking dreams and evil, but whatever prompts the adventure of the necessity when the long burden has been borne, and when the turn of the hours has come, when the stars have grown paler, when color creeps back grayly and uncertainly to the earth, first into the greens of the high pastures, then here and there upon a rock or upon a pool with reeds, while all the air is still cold is full of the scent of morning, while one notices the imperceptible disappearance of the severities of heaven until at last only the morning star hangs splendid. When in the end of that miracle the landscape is fully revealed, and one finds into what country one has come, then a great hill before one, losing the forest upward into rock and a steep meadow upon its sides, and towering at last into the peaks and crests of the inaccessible places gives a soul to the new land. The sun in a single moment and with the immediate summons of a trumpet call strikes the spearhead of the high places, and at once the valley though still in shadow is transfigured, and with the daylight all manner of things have come back to the world. Hope is the word which gathers the origins of those things together, and hope is the seed of what they mean. But that new light and its new quality is more than hope. Liability has come back with the sunrise, and the fixed certitude of the soul, number and measure, and comprehension have returned, and a just appreciation of all reality is the gift of the new day. Glory, which, if men would only know it, lies behind all true certitude. Illumines and enlivens, the scene world, and the living light, makes of the true things now revealed, something more than truth absolute. They appear as truth acting and creative. This first shaft of the sun is to that hill and valley what a word is to a thought. It is to that hill and valley what verse is to the common story told. It is to that hill and valley what music is to verse. And there lies behind it one is very sure, an infinite progress of such exaltations, so that one begins to understand as the pure light shines and grows, and as the limit of the shadow descends the vast shoulder of the steep, what has been met by those great phrases which still lead on, still comfort, and still make darkly wise the uncomforted wondering of mankind. Such is the famous phrase, I has not seen, nor ear heard, nor can it enter into the heart of man what things God has prepared for those that serve Him. So much, then, is conveyed by a hilltop at sunrise when it comes upon the traveller or the soldier, after the long march of a night, the bending of the shoulders, and the emptiness of the dark. Many other things put one into communion with the whole world. Who does not remember coming over a lifting road to a place where the ridge is topped and whereupon the further side a broad landscape, novel or endeared by memory, for either is a good thing, bursts upon the seized imagination as away from the open sea, swelling up an inland creek, breaks and bursts upon the rocks of the shore. There is a place where a man passes from the main valley of the Rhone over into the valley of the Isir, and where the gress of Andan so suddenly comes upon him. Two gates of limestone rock high as the first shoulders of the mountains lead into the valley which they guard. It is a province of itself, a level floor of thirty miles nourished by one river, and walled in up to the clouds on either side, or again in the champagne country moving between great blocks of wood in the forest of reams, and always going upwards as the ride leads him. A man comes to a point whence he suddenly sees all that vast plain of the invasions, stretching out to where very far off, against the horizon, two days away. In summits mark the whole site sharply with a limit, as a frame marks a picture or a punctuation of phrase. There is another place, more dear to me, but which I doubt whether any other but a native of that place can know. After passing through the plowlands of an empty plateau, a traveller breaks through a little fringe of chestnut hedge, and perceives that once before him the wealthiest and the most historical of European things. The chief of the great capitals of Christendom, and the arena in which is now debated, and has been for how long, the faith, the chief problem of this world. Apart from landscape, other things belong to this contemplation. Notes of music, and stronger even than repeated and simple notes of music, a subtle scent and its association, a familiar printed page. That's the test of these sacramental things. Is there power to revive the past? There is a story translated into the noblest of English writing by dissent. It is to be found in his tales from the Norse. It is called the story of the master maid. A man had found in his youth a woman on the Norwegian hills. This woman was a fairy, and there was a spell upon her. But he won her out of it in various ways, and they crossed the sea together, and he would bring her to his father's house. But his father was a king. As they went over sea together alone, he said and swore to her that he would never forget how they had met and loved each other without warning but by an act of God upon the Doverfield. Come near to his father's house the ordinary influences of the ordinary day touched him. He bade her enter a hut and wait a moment until he had warned his father of so strange a marriage. She however, gazing into his eyes and knowing how the divine may be transformed into the earthly, quite as surely as the earthly into the divine, makes him promise that he will not eat human food. He sits at his father's table, still steeped in her and in the seas. He forgets his vow and eats human food. And at once he forgets. Men follows much for which I have not space, but the woman in the hut by her magic causes herself to be at last sent forth to the father's palace. The young man sees her and is only slightly troubled as by a memory which he cannot grasp. They talk together as strangers, but look out of the window by accident. The king's son sees the bird and its mate. He points him out to the woman and she says suddenly, So was it with you and me high up upon the doverfield. And then he remembers all. Now that story is a symbol and tells the truth. We see some one thing in this world and suddenly it becomes particular and sacramental. A woman and a child, a man at evening, a troop of soldiers. We hear notes of music. We smell the smell that went with the past time, or we discover after the long night a shaft of light upon the tops of the hills at morning. There is a resurrection, and we are refreshed and renewed. But why all these things are so? Neither I nor any other man can tell. The end of Chapter 29. This is a LibraVox recording. All LibraVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibraVox.org. ON SOMETHING by Hilaer Bellach CHAPTER XXXV. In Patria. There is a certain valley, or rather profound cleft through the living rock of certain savage mountains, through which there roars and tumbles in its narrow trench, the Segre. Here but a few miles from its rising, in the upland grass. This cleft is so disposed that the smooth limestone slabs of its western wall stand higher than the gloomy steps of cliff upon its eastern, and thus these western cliffs take the glare of the morning sunlight upon them, or the brilliance of the moon when she is full or waning in the first part of her course through the night. The only path by which men can go down that gorge clings to the eastern face of the Abyss, and is forever plunged in shadow. Down this path I went very late upon a summer night, close upon midnight, and the moon just passed the full. The air was exceedingly clear even for that high place, and the moon struck upon the limestone of the sheer opposing cliffs in a manner neither natural nor pleasing, but suggesting horror. And as it were something absolute, too simple for mankind. It was not cold, but there were no crickets at such level in the mountains, nor any vegetation there except a brush here and there, and clinging between the rocks and finding a draughty rooting in their fissure. Though the map did not include this gorge, I could guess that it would be impossible for me, saved by following that dreadful path all night, to find a village. And therefore I peered about in the dense shadow as I went for one of those overhanging rocks, which are so common in that region. And I soon found one. It was a refuge better than most that I had known during a lonely travel of three days, for the whole bank was hollowed in, and it was a distinct if shallow cave bordering the path. After this therefore I went and laid down, wrapping myself round in a blanket I had brought from the plains beyond the mountains, and with my loaf and haversack and a wine-skin that I carried for a pillow. I was very soon asleep. When I awoke, which I did with suddenness, it seemed to me to have turned uncommonly cold. And when I stepped out from my blanket, for I was brought away, the cold struck me still more nearly. And it was not natural in such a place. But I knew how a mist will gather suddenly upon these hills, and I went out and stood upon the path to see what weather the hour had brought me. The sky, the narrow strip of sky above the gorge, was filled with scud flying so low that now and then bulges or trails of it would strike against that western cliff of limestone, and wreathe down it, and lift and disappear. But fast as the scud was moving there was no noise of wind. I seemed not to have slept long, for the moon was still riding in heaven, though her light now came in rapid waxing and waning between the shreds of clouds. Beneath me a little angrier than before, so that I thought to myself, up in the hills it has been raining, roared the segra. As I stood thus irresolute and quite wakened from sleep I saw to my right the figure of a little man who beckoned. No fear took me as I saw him, but a good deal of wonder, for he was oddly shaped, and in the darkness of that pathway I could not see his face. But in his presence by some accident of the mind many things changed their significance. The gorge became personal to me, the river a voice, the fitful moonlight a warning, and it seemed as though some safety was to be sought or some certitude upwards whence I had come, and I felt oddly as though the little figure were a guide. He was so short as I watched him that I thought him almost the dwarf, though I have seen men as small guiding the mules over the breaches in the ridges of the hills. He was hunchback, or the great pack he was carrying made him seem so. His thin legs were long for his body, and he walked too rapidly, with bent knees. His right hand he lent upon a great sapling, upon his head was a very wide hat, the stuff of which I could not see in the darkness. Now and again he would turn and beckon me, and he always went on a little way before. As for me, partly because he beckoned, but more because I felt prescient of a goal, I followed him. No mountain path seems the same when you go up it, and when you go down it. This it was which rendered unfamiliar to me the shapes of the rocks and the turnings of the gorge, as I hurried behind my companion. With every passing moment moreover the light grew less secure. The scud thickened, and we rose towards the lower level of those clouds. The masses of them grew more even. Until it last the path and some few yards of the emptiness which sank away to our left was all one could discern. The mist was full of a diffused moonlight. But it was dense. I wondered when we should strike out of the gorge and begin to find the upland grasses that lead toward the highest summits of those hills, for thither I was sure we were bound. Soon I began to recognize that easier trend in the rock wall, those increasing and flattened gullies which marked the higher slope. Here and there an unmelted patch of snow appeared. Grass could be seen, and at last we were upon the roll of the high land, where it runs up steeply to the ridge of the chain. Moss and the sponging of moisture in the turf were beneath our feet. The path disappeared, and our climb got steeper and steeper. And still the little man went on before, pressing eagerly and resting the hill. I neither felt fatigue nor noticed that I did not feel it. The extreme angle of the slope suited my mood. Nor was I conscious of its danger, though its fantastic steepness exhilarated me, because it was so novel to be trying such things at night in such a weather. The moon, I think, must, by this time, have been near its sinking, for the mist grew full of darkness round about us, and at last it was altogether deep night. I could see my companion only as a blur of difference in the darkness, but even as this change came I felt the steepness relax beneath my climbing feet. The round level of the ridge was come, and soon again we were hurrying across it, until there came, in a hundred yards or so, a moment in which my companion halted, as men who know the mountain's halt, when they reach an edge below which they know the land to break away. He was waiting, and I waited with him. We had not long, so to stand. The mist which so often lifts as one passes the crest of the hills lifted for us also, and below it was broad day. Ten thousand feet below, at the foot of the forest, cascading into forest, stretched out into an endless day was the wheeled. There were the places I had always known, but not as I had known them. They were in another air. There was the ridge and the river valley far off to the eastward, and the passion pines, emberly, wild brooks, petworth, and little town, and I saw the rough clearly, and the hills out beyond the country, and beyond them farther plains, and all the fields and all the houses of the men I knew. Only it was much larger, and it was more intimate, and it was farther away, and it was certainly divine. A broad road, such as we have not here, and such as they have not in those hills, a road for armies, sank back and forth in great gradients down to the plain. These and the forests were foreign, the wheel below, so many thousand feet below, was not foreign but transformed. The dwarf went down that road. I did not follow him. I saw him clearly now, his curious little coat of mountain stuff, his thin bent legs walking rapidly, and the chestnut sapling by he walked, holding it in his hands by the middle. I could see the brown color of it and the shininess of the bark of it, and the ovals of white where the branchlings had been cut away.  He never once looked back, and he no longer beckoned me. In a moment, before a word could form in the mind, the mist had closed again, and it was mortally cold, and with that cold there came to me an appalling knowledge that I was alone upon such a height, and knew nothing of my way. The hand which I put to my shoulder, where my blanket was, found it ringing wet. The mist got grayer, my mind more confused as I struggled to remember, and then I woke and found that I was still in the cave. All that business had been a dream, but so vivid that I carried it all through the day, and carry it still. It was the very early morning. The gorge was full of mist. The segra made a muffled roaring through such a bank of cloud. The damp of the mist was on everything. The stones in the pathway glistened. The air was raw and fresh, awaiting the rising of the sun. I took the path, and went downward. The End of Chapter 30 THE END OF ON SOMETHING by Hilaer Bellach


Greetings, I'm Chris Augustine, Director of the Dickinson Research Extension Center. You might know me from my past experiences as a soil health specialist up at the North Central Research Extension Center in Minot. Now down in Dickinson, I will be continuing my soil outreach as well as soil research for the citizens of North Dakota. So one of the things that we're doing a lot of work on is pH. So pH is regarded by many as a master variable and that's because it controls a lot of chemical processes in the soil. When pHs are too high or too acidic, a lot of minerals may be plant available or plant unavailable. One of the classic examples is phosphorus. When you have pHs greater than 7.5, phosphorus can be tied up with calcium. When the pH is less than 5.5, the phosphorus can be tied up with aluminum and then it also influences biological processes as well as the chemical weathering of different minerals in the soil. So pH is really important with how we manage and grow crops on our soils. So what pH really is, is that's the activity of the hydrogen ion and we measure that or determine that by measuring the concentration of the hydrogen ion. And so hydrogen causes acidity but then we have hydroxyl which causes alkalinity. So hydrogen is H+, hydroxyl is OH- you put the two together and you get water H2O. So we look at water as the neutral substance. So when you have more hydrogen ions than you have hydroxyl ions, the system is acidic. And when you have more hydroxyl ions than hydrogen ions, that is then alkaline. And so we define this as a negative log of hydrogen. So as acidity increases, the pH actually goes down because it's a negative scale. Because it's a log base scale, when we change a unit of pH from 6 to 5, that would be a concentration increase of hydrogen by 10 times. But if we go from 6 to 4, all of a sudden that's a difference of 100 times more hydrogen in that more acidic environment. So with pH, that's alkalinity and acidity. The causes of pH are the minerals in our soil. Dakota areas that are typically acidic, they might have volcanic or granitic parent materials in North Dakota. We have a lot of carbonates and that's limestone. And the limestone has a tendency to actually cause alkalinity because it can neutralize acidifying effects of plants. One of the causes of acidity is nitrogen fertilizers. So regardless if you put urea on your soil or an hydrosammonia, manure, 115020, any sort of nitrogen fertilizer, at some point the bacteria in the soil want to convert that into nitrate and we call this process nitrification. So as the nitrogen makes these stair steps from that fertilizer to the nitrate, hydrogen is released. And so over time we can acidify our soils with this release of hydrogen from our nitrogen fertilizers. We can amend our acidic soils by adding a lime in amendment. And it's important to know what amendment you're putting down. I think there's a misconception out there that it's the calcium that neutralizes the hydrogen when in fact they both have plus charges so they would actually repel each other and they don't really react with each other. It's the carbonate, the CO3 that's tied within the limestone that actually neutralizes the hydrogen. And so when it reacts with acidity it produces carbon dioxide as well as water. Other calcium amendments such as gypsum or maybe calcium chloride, they won't neutralize the acidity of the soil. You may have a calcium deficiency and that can help alleviate that deficiency but if you have a pH issue it'll actually exacerbate the pH. And so what happens is we have hydrogen in our cation exchange sites of the soil and if you add a calcium amendment like gypsum the calcium will dissolve in the soil solution and it will free up some sulfate which plants can need. But the calcium will also bind to that cation exchange site and release the hydrogen which will further acidify the soil. One of the issues that we're seeing with soil pH is when the pH drops below 5.5 we can see something called aluminum toxicity. We have a lot of aluminum in our soils and when you look at clays they're predominantly made out of aluminum as well as silicates. So with the aluminum when it frees up in the soil solution it's already there but it's fairly chemically inert but when you get to a pH of 5.5 it can start freeing up in that soil solution. And when it frees up in the soil solution it has the ability to split three water molecules. And what happens is the OH of the H2O binds to that aluminum so it frees up the hydrogen. So when we start getting these pHs around 5.5 and as the aluminum frees up it can have the snowball effect and acidify the soil even more. Or free aluminum may absorb to a cation exchange site and free up more hydrogen that way which would further acidify the soil. And so aluminum can create some acidity but when there's too much aluminum in the soil which the data would suggest a concentration of 25 parts per million or more you can have this aluminum toxicity effect. And what happens is phosphorus can be tied up but also when there's too much aluminum present in the soil it can stunt root growth as well as hinder germination. And so there's all these bad things going on that can reduce crop growth and we can remediate these areas by putting on some sort of liming amendment whether that's calcium carbonate or we're using beet lime on a lot of our research trials. I know a number of growers who are using waste treatment lime from a local water plant as an amendment or you can even bipelitized lime. You need that carbonate to react with that acidity and neutralize the soil. So all in all pH controls a lot of things within our soil. Controls nutrient availability as well as biological activity and many other processes within the soil. If your pH is anywhere from six to seven point three or so that's a really good pH and I wouldn't worry about that. But if your pH gets less than five point five you should really consider putting on some liming amendments and plan on applying a couple tons because the concentration of hydrogen can be really great and it would require a lot of liming material to neutralize that.


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