Okay, for the next talk, please welcome Federico who's going to tell us about Which one is this red clouds? It's a reparker for pause breath. Thank you very much Hello, everybody. Can you hear me all nice? Okay. Thank you. My name is Federico. I'm Italian I lived in the UK for a while and now back to Italy. So very happy to be here here. I Will present these two I've written over probably six weeks And but before things let's start with me This is my cat is much better cutier. I'm ugly. So it's much better to show him My Twitter is for doctors scarf. I'm huge fan of doctor who and I was born in 1972 I look younger, but I'm a timelord, right? so passionate about it since 1982 join the Oracle secret society in 2004 fell in love with postgres in 2006 and I have a postgres tattoo on my left shoulder along with this guy is just joined Recently, so I'm very committed to the project. I'm also involved into the the postgres community Before starting little disclaimer. I'm not a developer not really pythonic. I'm a DBA. So I Aided I made it by everybody which is the role of the DBA and I ate everybody So to put things in the right perspective. I use tabs So please let the eight flow through you So let's start with the with the stuff with the strong stuff How many postgres user in there in the room? Whoa, I love you. I love you all Despite I am a DBA Postgres QL is the most advanced open source database is a great product Gain in momentum. I'm very impressed by that and I'm very happy with that Available as a database of service on cloud providers. So we have our DS Roku other stuff which limit the action you can do on postgres QL and Unfortunately have his own rub back to to is not Good as in some in some areas he needs improvement or is just architectural stuff So we need to leave with that. So what the point I want to stress today is the MVCC How many of you knows what is the MVCC? Thank you So multi-version concurrency control is the way postgres makes things consistent in read and out you can manage stuff in read and write with very very minimal lock the Implementation is very efficient. It's very different from other databases postgres It doesn't have the rollback segment for example and the snapshots are managed on the data page is amazing You get everything you need for reading consistently directly on the data page the Data page is the problem at the same time because the transaction ID is stored Inside the row in two system field is a transaction ID is just four bytes integer So you start from one wraps reaches four billion four billions then it wraps again There's a mention is to avoid the wraparound failure is a Topic for a different all but two system fields are used for track the visibility of the row or topple as is called in postgres There's a one field is the X men X mean is called also the insert transaction ID When the top all is created the transaction ID which created the table is stored inside this field And then there's another one X max which is set when the table is deleted So postgres it doesn't remove immediately the rows from the physical layer It leaves in place and this information is used for tracking the row visibility But there's no field for tracking the updates. This is a quite a mystery Nobody knows about this thing, but in postgres There's no such thing like an update an update is made using an insert delete Inside the same transaction the old row version is deleted the new row version is inserted So you get two rows one becomes dead and so becomes Wasted space, but they still needed for running transaction that needs to see these rows But these old row version are removed by vacuum when vacuum kicks in manually or automatically and When the rows are updated they might change the data page is not Automatic that row stays inside the same data page and the data page is the data block the physical block and when this happens when the row changes the data page the Indices need to be updated as well and these may result in bloat the indices bloat massively Just because the tables are updated too much So how to reduce the risk of bloat? That the base design that a model should avoid tables with large rows. It should be splitted the Third normal form is very helpful in that thing most of the grouping the Most updated fields in separate tables is a massive strategy to avoid bloat because if you have one row of 200 bytes and you update just a boolean flag you generate another 200 bytes Whether you change the boolean or change a different different field Those fields should be used for looking up to the rest of the data Remove the unused indices. There's a way to query posgress for knowing that thing or doing routine maintenance vacuum very low impact Less effective or indices or re-index. I impact I effective you can re-index stuff But until posgress 11 is a blocking procedure So locks your table in read-only mode and sometimes can prevent also the the reads It depends how the index is used Dealing with an existing bloat I found that a busy in very very bad conditions indices hundreds of gigabytes for storing just Two three gigabytes of data. So how do you? Deal the first thing built in in posgress is vacuum fool But this is a massively blocking procedure You get the table locked in exclusive mode until the vacuum is complete and on a On a cloud hosted database with hundreds of gigabytes of table you can take days because the IOPS are limited Is not excited. It's not really feasible this thing pg repack is a Historically the way for repacking tables Without locking Is a is a very good tool But the problem is you need to install the extension and on cloud database. You can do that So In June I had this cost customer. So they had exactly this problem cloud database with the Impossibility to install pg repack.  So they said, oh, let's go for it. And that Is the red cloud repacking in cloud. This is the the reason of the name Uh, he uses a similar strategy like pg repack pg repack Creates a new table Regenerates the data replace the data against this table and then swaps physically the the data at system catalog catalog level Uh red cloud. It doesn't use these strategies. So is a logical procedure It requires minimal access on the database and he For example on iroku rds. I think rds recently added pg repack to the to the list of extensions. So probably It will be a better idea to use pg repack if available But on all the others that do not allow this sort of extensions rep cloud can help to Reduce the bloat of the Of the tables. So how this thing works? Create a new table like the original one empty Creates a log table with the same data type of the original table posgers have this fantastic thing called composite data types Which describes also the tables and then the trigger stores the load changes That are happening onto the original table into this this this log table Then the data is copied with just a select insert into the new table The log changes are replayed against the new table And then attempts to swap the table. So Renames the old the old one renames the new one to the old one and live long and prosper Not exactly because the swap is absolutely not trivial Uh, because the Postgres dependency system Is something you will see if you try to drop a table when there is a view attached to the table and you get Oh, I cannot drop it. You have to use cascade. Don't use cascade. It's very dangerous uh, so Even when you rename your table all the dependent object follow that table So you have to rebuild exactly the same objects onto the new table and then You can drop safely the old table. Otherwise you will lose information So what they have to be recreated? sequences, of course, otherwise, uh, any, uh, insert with the default value using that sequence It will fail Views materialized views and foreign keys but The problem is any other object that is related with these objects Needs to be rebuilt as well. So the entire chain of Is it has to be rebuilt backward and then everything has to be dropped and recreated in the correct order. Otherwise, it will fail And also we have another problem the deadlock The deadlock is when one transaction is waiting for the lock on another transaction Which is waiting for the lock on the previous transaction. There's no way to exit this chain so posgress kills one Transaction randomly and freeze the uh, the deadlock When it happens and this happens in particular when you have a chain of Foreign keys or this table is referring to this one. This one is going back. This one is going back there So if you try to rebuild and or drop these Foreign keys, meanwhile, they are in use. So they are being checked and validated against the data changes You will get the deadlock. There's no, uh, possibility. This is this is a schema very simple This is the pg bench schema with foreign keys It's very useful for testing this sort of things and the first thing I learned when I tried to run the swap It was oh deadlock So How did I approach this thing? I decide to Add the choice on this tool so the user can can decide which which strategy to use basically Red cloud does nothing when he starts when detects the deadlock. So he waits for the database, but it's possible to to to tell Red cloud to Kill or cancel the offending query the other query. So the system Automatically checks if there is a deadlock potential deadlock happening and the block one of the blockad query Not the one that is running this swap is cancelled or killed But sometimes it's not a good strategy for this thing. So Uh, it's also possible to run just a Prepare swap. So everything is made Until the end before the swap. So the table is created the logs are uh, are populated by the trigger There is the replay functions running to replay and catch up with the existing table So it's possible to stop the application and say, okay, now we can swap without the risk of deadlock So few seconds of downtime for swapping the relations I think is something it can be afforded rather a long-running vacuum full also It can change the fill factor for the table fill factor is a very useful thing So you can set the parameters this is a Something still i'm working on it that moment they can set the fill factor but my idea It will add the change table space changing the stable space Everything is configurable at this level. So it's possible to create the new table with the different fill factor So the new table will be less impacted by bloating because there will be more space inside the data pages For the updates. This is one of the strategies For designing tables that might be affected by the bloat It can clean up the json b and json fields from the null keys So it makes the json fields more compact And also it's possible to remove the keys But just from the json fields json b fields because the function that runs this operation is present only for that data type more it will come And this is the uh the tool in in short. I would like to recognize Give some recognition. This is the company that gave me the Believe it in me And gave me the permission to release this thing as an open source project It wasn't supposed to be that but I think it might help a lot of people That depends they see resolution is derived from the pg admin team. I use their queries adapted to my need They were amazing They saved a lot of time for building up the crazy the dependency system in posgras is is insane So you have to get through a lot of outer join for getting everything And also the replace strategy is inspired by the pg reback code So waiting for the transactions before starting effectively the copy Is something inside the serial eyes The transaction isolation level is something that Helped me a lot to understand how to approach this problem This is the github project is uh on this is my github There's also other projects the other important project on this on this github page is pg chameleon a replication tool for from my sequel to posgras This pg chameleon is very usable And it's something I want to pick up. I've been Distracted in the last year, but it is something I want to improve And also this thing the is available on pipi so you can just Is an alpha release at moment, but we tested on production. It worked incredibly well for repacking a 300 gigabyte table It took about four days Uh, which were supposed to be downtime and it wasn't so the customer was very very happy about that And they The license terms are the posgras license. I like this license. I think pg chameleon started as a bsd license It will move on the posgras. He makes more sense is a posgras related project And if you want to break it and report or you want to help me to build up this thing I think I will build I will write the Collaboration guidelines very very soon for this project. Uh, I will be very very happy to to get any help about that thing Those are my contacts This is my blog pgdba.org where I write stuff about posgras twitter already Said github and my linked page work under the creative commons And if you want to hear about horror stories tomorrow, uh, I will speak at the posgras dev room about rtfm Anybody knows what rtfm means? Sure you do So, uh, I will tell about interesting, uh, and funny things is the the last talk of the day So I have to be entertaining And that's all folks and there are any questions. Thank you for listening It's not directly related to the rip plout, but do you consider partitioning as the solution against bloat? Well, uh, partitioning is not designed for a solution, uh, for the bloat is for having a more efficient storage when you have a monolithic table So, uh, solution for the bloat is, uh, looking at the storage parameters. So feel factor, uh, trying to avoid, uh, unnecessary updates And One thing you have to look into the, uh, pg start all tables There is the, uh, the field called, uh, tube hot, uh, counter or something like that I don't remember my my shared buffer is limited But there's something with the hot inside if this counter increases It means the table when it's updated it stays inside the same page. So it's a very good thing So if you have a lot of updates and a very a similar numbers on the other field You are doing very very right Any other questions? Cool That's all right. Thank you


So culture, I've got the one and the only sonny rabbo here with me, of course, the elegant stallion herself. Onyeka onwenu, and guess what, Timak is here. Timak, you know, people don't know that. I don't know what, 1970 something, we used to live opposite each other back in those days and I came into your apartment one day and I thought, well, these are people who will set the world on fire. And then you disappear to America and we saw you back. Come on, culture, we've touched the world. Please onyeka, take it away. In 1973, 72, 73 correct me if I'm wrong, when the economy of the US was down, it was Hollywood to the rescue, virtually saved the country. Right now, what Nigeria is doing in entertainment around the world is phenomenal. And it is something that we started by going on strike in a military administration when it was only a civil offence to pirate and we said no, it's criminal. We began to make the point that the entertainment industry is so important to spreading our culture, getting people to know us for who we are and what we can produce. And also for employment, when you see somebody like Timak, please look behind him and there are families that are standing behind him that through his music, through his performances, he is supporting.  No, no, no, no, no, it's called show business. It's because you cannot have the show without the business and you can't have the business without the show. So in terms of earning power of the young people and even us older ones, still we're hanging in tough, there is so much to be gained from the entertainment industry but we don't take it seriously. The gains that we have made have been individual effort. And quite honestly, we don't need government to be involved in everything. What we are asking for is that proverbial enabling environment and a level playing field so that we, with our brilliant ideas, with our films now catching the eye of the world, with our music rising high, we can tell them what Nigeria is about. There is greater respect for Nigeria because of the entertainment business and in terms of what we are here to do, if, when, not if, when this administration comes in of a man who is a businessman who also has an idea of what the entertainment industry can do and his running mate and talking about obesity, the whole thing changes exponentially, we are going up because I don't want to operate in a country where there is so much violence I can't carry out my craft. Going for a performance we are talking in the waiting room that you could perform in Zaria, you drive down to this and you go Kaduna, Kano, this and that and it was all fun and we were all sharing and getting to know parts of the country and then getting to know our music, we've lost all that. I rest my case. Clearly, it's not about government giving, it's about the environment. When Frank Gweke was Minister for Information and Culture at this time I was at the Film Corporation in Jaws they set up a committee, a partner, whatever they call these things to look at how the motion picture business could be financed and for whatever things I had, they asked me to chair it a lot of work was done, we had the fruits so we need to find different ways to create that enabling environment so that we can thrive through culture and you have been in the middle of everything in Nigeria for the last 900 years. Why hasn't it happened? A major setback, there is no will power from government to even allow the enabling environment to exist and then the film industry wrestled its life from source they didn't wait for anybody because if they waited nothing would have happened. Music industry, the same thing. So I'm not surprised, everything Oyeka said is not only just so true but team back who is here with us, thank you. Thanks to see you again. Thank you. Haven't seen you in years. With your flute you used to just make your statement whether government was listening or not. Were we in the media, I think we did our best maybe not enough but we did the best we could to make sure that individual talents had room to express themselves and their talents but then the buying public was prone to piracy enablement in being able to buy and sell and then there was no control. So all of those things put together made the entertainment industry wish was she business unfortunately. Now the government said when and I like the use of when when this government comes in and it wakes up to its responsibility and promise I have a feeling that the entertainment industry will skyrocket. I know it will. And that's why I think we can profit so much from team Mark. He has worked the two sides of the great pond Like I said I used to go to him across the road I wasn't quite sure whether I was just an entertainer or a business man. He's everything. Then he disappeared and showed up in Hollywood and on that side he made impact. The question is how do we manage to get young entertainers to understand the business that is show business. I would say show business is a reflection is a mirror of the health of an economy. When a country does well there surplus money people go to shows you buy CDs when your economy is down show business suffers. But if you have a listening government they will help. I give an example in Holland where I worked for maybe one year I knew a saxophone player who was fed up with this saxophone he broke it. I went to the government and said this is giving my income the government bought him a saxophone. Can you imagine? Now I would like to give you a short story when Christian Esien died I got a phone call from his excellency Peter Obi that he would like to be part of the funeral arrangements. And he was. You were there? He send a private chat to pick up the coffin all us we flew there he spent three days with us he gave a plot of land ten million for the mausoleum and the best story I must tell you was we had breakfast on the day of the funeral and mother was late he said well you see Timak ladies they always delay I only have a black and a brown suit I said I don't believe you he said come upstairs so he took me to his bedroom and because it was a funeral he was dressed in his black dress with his black shoes in his wardrobe was one brown up and down and a brown shoe I said to him your excellency I believe you down to earth on a supporting the entertainment industry as I have never seen anybody and we need a president like that because with a little effort moral support some of our problems in the national assembly supported we can make the entertainment industry to support Nigeria as much as crude oil because we have the talent sometimes I'm astonished I get hundreds of CDs of people who need help banks don't help the private industry doesn't help yet they have not yet understood the value how music and the films are now whitewashing Nigeria everywhere you go people talk about fella they talk about whiskey it is a revolution so you need the right person to channel it and let's make money out of it the big money as we make abroad you got a humor me with listening to this story in 1996 in the early days of illegal business school who went to visit the dean of Wharton and wanted to meet the famous business school in Philadelphia the top finance guy world famous so we go and the dean calls him up and says since people from Nigeria would like to meet with you and we walk into this guy's office I was expecting him to have horns like these this great finance guru he says hey you from Nigeria do you dig fella you know they were digging him he says do you dig fella and so besides the revenues that we can get as a country from selling culture which is huge in fact Hollywood essentially shapes America's dominance of the world the blue jeans that everybody wears it's because of the movies the movies made it the that's what for the world the music it used to be that I'll say to my children hey which of my songs do you want to hear we want to hear Michael Jackson and I don't know Michael Jackson's music American music had taken over we began to pull it back for Nigeria and let me say this very quickly you have a population of 200 million people can we please realize the market we have here even if we're enjoying our own music we still love the American but we are digging our own music we have a huge market here in terms of Nollywood second largest third largest in the world we are buying and also sharing with the rest of the world and very quickly I'd like to add to what my brother team said here because what you when you spoke about the LP candidate by the way when you're voting you're not going to see his face what you're going to see is the party mama that is where you put your thumb and if your thumb is too big use your index finger so that it's not extending to the side of the and if your fingernails are too long take the finger there you can put it back on thank you my brother Christy so true what about P-square what about Chimamanda when she needed help it's called empathy when you have a man at the top who empathizes not just with musicians but with ordinary people that he can spend his Christmas and his new year that tells you the kind of government that you're going to I call him Namoche I'm from Arundhizov which is in emo state is from Anambra Obusi when my mom died and I let him know I don't know God must have spoken to him because I'm the one carrying everything I'm the one bearing my mom I had relatives I had siblings where I was carrying everything they say he doesn't give shishi he doesn't give carelessly but because of that empathy he reached out to me he sent his vice to represent him there he sent me cash oh boy did I need it that morning when he came he sent me a car load of drinks oh did I need it now I can talk about the other candidates they ought to have this empathy but we're here talking about the LP candidate and I want to bust that wrong impression he doesn't give shishi no he doesn't throw away money he doesn't use money carelessly his use is not frivolous it's purposeful it's directional and he's a good man God bless you Namoche so you know really what we're dealing with here we're talking about the economy so much today but people forget that culture is the economy a strategy for enabling us turn culture into a major source of income the problems that we have in our country is that we have a day economy we don't have a night economy because one power two security and all of those when we were young governors and undergraduates here in Nigeria we used to go to was it a place on Martin Street by Phoenicia restaurant all the years we lived at 4 am with a taxi now that's hardly what you can do we need to restore the night economy because we will employ twice as many people if we have a day economy and a night economy and that's what gives life to an economy because all those people who earn money are going to spend it and create more possibilities for other people that's why in economics we talk about the secular flows of income and these keep flowing around from households to government, their taxes to companies where we purchase things this is what we need to get this economy going and a big part of it is culture Dr. Tommy I have to mention a few other places where we used to go and party because I don't know you're too old and we need to bring it down to the level of us young people in the sun you would agree with me and you might remember lords oh yes even night shift and all the paradiso phase 2 where are they urbanization just went down the drain that's what happened but they are very important for tourism yes gentlemen no country has a good tourism without entertainment industry an example Thailand is the best example everywhere there is music restaurants, night clubs in the open fields on the king's birthday the late king the whole country had to play jazz because he was a saxophone player with Count Basie before he became the king as a young guy and I had the pleasure to perform about 20 years ago and I said to myself Nigeria has to copy that because people go to visit the country they don't go out at night listen to some Afro beat listen to some jazz listen to local music what do you think is one of the great passions of the president of France Fella when he was here he used to go to the shrine and as president he came and visited the shrine the great power soft power can we bring the banks in here the what banks okay I like the scratch no, it's my hearing the reason being that for such economy to thrive you have to have a base urban centers should normally encourage enterprise to the point where you raise money, you can save it in the bank you can get access to it and recycle it into the system that can I answer this, the bank of industry is actually doing a good job but they don't have counters they finance nollywood movies I had good meetings with them if an artist comes with a good proposal and he has no collateral they will listen and they help they are the only ones but there was couple of years ago the rumor that the world bank had 200 million available for the entertainment industry and I worked very hard with them together in the end there was no money there actually but I realized one thing that then the people in power did not understand that it would be actually better use that money and create money in investing it into medium terminal trading or something so you can give a grant and not alone you can give somebody 10 million naira because he deserves it not as a loan but as a gift but make the best out of it and account to us and that's what I'm trying to talk to banks you are so rich you're making billions and billions every quarter there is actually the endowment of the art from festock time saying you put money into education and the art it's tax deductible up to 10% of your free tax and nobody remembers that you can write it off your tax 10% you can give the entertainment industry give it to credible people we formed the entertainment cooperative society they know that we formed the entertainment foundation where you can put money in we know which of the musicians are serious we don't give it to anybody and disappear there are many musicians with a little financial help let me remind you that we here have been in the business for a long time and we've been there we got to the top and we stayed at the top why I'm self-financing in the 1980s the record companies began to divest from Nigeria in droves EMI them polygram deca they closed down where people like us who formed record companies you go and do your shows you save your money and you put into your recording you are financing every even up until now and it's because we don't have that environment where people understand that investment in the arts is really good investment that you make money from we need that enabling environment we need that enabling environment that enabling environment that's the key when the new government comes in I would hope but praying that new government does need some pushing from the people at play because institutions are the very bedrock of human progress institutions do not get decreed into existence institutions come from interested parties engaging in the manner that they begin to create boundaries within which you can predict conduct that's what we need to do that's what the people who have gone out and are doing things in Hollywood have started the thing is to build on what they have done to make those concrete and allowed the state to use it to ensure that people get the opportunities that they deserve so we can build a great country so our children can be proud ensure that green passport and say yes I am Nigeria I love that well the idea of being in Nigeria and proudly so it is happening already there are Nigerians in governments of the world British governments European governments so what is left is the challenge is for us now to recognize what we have who we are and the talents we possess to make all these things work I mean talk about talents the Nigerians who are living abroad who are actually entertaining successfully making money abroad not bringing it home abroad we have to find ensuring that as global citizens we work the world and invest Nigeria I'd like to say to my people in the entertainment industry we have a marvelous opportunity here to rescue this country don't sit back and think that somebody is going to do it for you we've had our complaints we've had our issues and for some reason everything is coming together it's coming together that we have a listening candidate who would make a listening president who is going to fight corruption which leads to the flight of funds outside my country so that I don't have that investment coming in unless I bring it personally wherever you are if you do not have your PVC already go and fetch it go and vote do this for yourself do it for your children do it for your grandchildren do it for the future we don't have an opportunity we know we've come close to the brink so many times and this god who is a Nigerian has always pulled us back this one get as he be he has given you the opportunity he has given you the candidates now it's up to you to do something about it you will put them there so don't sit back and think that other people are going to do it for you you will regret it please hear me and hear me well I may adhere something which is very important after the new government is there musicians and actors have to support the government in paying tax we have to add to the gross domestic product so we become valuable to the government the moment we all pay tax we become more and more important to the government I was involved with trying to get musicians to pay tax and then we had to go to the way asking MTN, GLO etc to deduct from the at source from the ringtone I found that some musicians were making 10-20 million naira a month and not paying tax from ringtone yes but some companies were paying and some were not paying and I'd like to complain about that I'm not going to name them but when this government comes in things have to be done properly we do a lot of work and people are violating and making use of our intellectual property we have fought and fought we need a reasonable government that will make sure you are hungry they are starving it's not everyone that has the opportunity to bring out a song and it goes to the top 10 it's not everybody that has the opportunity to do a live show we are fortunate, thank God but I'm thinking of my fellow musicians who cannot put food on the table yet they are so talented I'm thinking of the young people that God have given them such huge talents but no way to show it this is the problem we have anyway time speeds away when you are having fun and it has done so to us this has been a marathon but sometimes it's almost all gone we have only 2 hours a little to go so we must end this even though we are enjoying ourselves so much what is important is that culture matters culture tourism cruise go there and vote ensure that you collect your pvc and that you vote and you bid that revolution will move us to the next level


Well, it's going on everyone Sam here with latent sports cards, and I'm ripping 10 packs of 2022 Panini father's day For Justin T. So here we go. Justin. We've got one two three four five six seven eight nine and ten Good luck on your packs. Let me just get another pack of things leaves really quick Before we start then we'll get going Good luck here, Justin We got Fernando Tates jr. We got wander Franco rookie behind that nice one there wander Back to Spencer Torkelson rookie and another wander Franco rookie nice Never have too much wander one Soto base Followed by an Evan Mobley rookie for the calves in the calves you neither Nice Mobley. We got Kenny Pickett base rookie. There you go. Nice one there for pit and Then behind that is a Drake London on the foil 100 out of 199 Nice one there for USC nice Drake London now it's Falcon All right, we've got Allen Iverson as a Denver nugget. Oh, he's fun and Desmond Ritter on the rookie behind that since he much wandering you got lost. That's true Steph Curry and Jaden Hardy and be a G League Matt Stafford and Bobby Whit jr. There's 20th home run today double packs to go here Justin We've got Jane and Ivy For the for Purdue now piston and then we've got red to 99 It's 22 out of 99 at Jaden Hardy G League ignite. Oh Grizzly's AI. How about pistons AI? I'm her pistons AI Nicola Yolkic and Jalen Suggs and Last pack for here Justin. Good luck buddy. We've got Josh Allen and LeBron James There you go that'll do it for your packs right there Justin congrats on all your hits. We'll get them right out to you Thanks again, man


Welcome back to hashtag entrepreneurship Tuesday on why in the morning at why to fight for channel across all our social media platform at Michelle as she raised or you can reach out to me and this Other session we are on 30 minutes to our time frame, which is seven till 10 a.m It's to know I have Eric Wanderer. It's wait before introduce you to this Incredible young man. We are looking at two two aspect of it. He's an artist But today the main reason why he is today. He's here today. It's all about his fashion and design shop known as slam kid Kicks I got it, right? Thank you very much for creating time Eric Wanderer. Yes. Yes. I'm a pleasure to be here. Have you been? I've been good Okay, so for someone who is meeting you for the first time ever ever who is Eric Wanderer? Eric Wanderer first of all is a God-fearing guy. First of all, that is what I always identify myself with yeah, and Starting at I think in 2017 I had this dream now I can introduce myself as an entrepreneur Oh, yeah, how do you have a dream? Yes Sure, sure Yeah, so I think now I ventured into shoe business and also fashion design. I dress artists. Yeah, I sell them good stuff legit, man We don't we don't do fake. Yeah, man. So I think this corner thing the way it came I think it shook so many things. You see I'm an artist So with corona you see the old shows were banned. No, you can't go anywhere to do like a congregation So that's why I thought now. Why can't I venture in this shoe business which I can do it online? Yeah, I can deliver my staffs when I'm home So I started slowly. I pray to God that I said now because corona elisa was a shower to me and say You can you will never differentiate a big artist and a small artist Maybe quite a bit but on the shows there are no shows So you need to have you juggle your mind and see what you can do next now. Okay. When did you start? Slam kid kicks a slam kid kick started like let me say officially started in January Yeah, January is when I started my online I opened my Instagram and I had already talked to my friends who are already supporting me So I didn't have anything at that time But I just thought what if I tell my friends who buy shoes? Art is some of them are artists. So I told them. Well, I'm starting this business If you want an issue, I will sell you. Yeah, at a good price. So that's how it started It started I open up on Instagram Facebook page. I started slowly by slowly until now You've mentioned something important like you included your friends during the initial stage of your business I would like to find out what was the initial capital and how did you raise your capital? Wow Now this is me. Oh, that's good. I'm good. This is crazy. I think I can say First of all, I give God thanks because I didn't have like capital You see like he let capital to some of this is now this is the money. I want to start business with for me I used to do this. I used to like I sell one shoe. I Saved that small money. I go buy another one then the small I think I Depend on selling and buying. Yeah, I sell then save and buy another that's how I started I didn't have like a lot of money to start business with. Yeah All right, so just Being faithful And your profit and just investing it back to the business You mentioned how far long you've been operating And for how long? Yeah, I started in January I think in seven months and I think the brand is doing good. I give thanks glory was a glory to God because I've done I've done a lot of work. I've seen artists have trusted me. In fact, big up.  Yeah, sure. Okay slam kid kicks Comes from my name because my artist name is Manasseh the slam kid. Those who know your dance. I'll think that yeah, no, you're an entrepreneurship so You see I'm taking them to the musical part then I bring them back to be in business. You can do the dance I'll take your song back. So I think When I started this thing I like slam kid kicks is from my name Manasseh slam kid Slam kid have been using it for quite a long time because of my background From the slums the way it says so I thought let me just inspire that slam kid Who is there not changing a name saying or push guy or toward? No, no, no, I just say let me use this name I know I believe in this brand. Yeah, the way you see these other big brands. I Believe in that brand slam kid kicks one day. I want to trust this brand that one day to be recognized Internationally so let me use it and the speaking about being recognized internationally You actually did be great. Do you get to be in? International Yeah All right, so you're going to work with a couple of celebrities such as Naiboi and the song Isabella and the Nigerian artist. Yes, so how do how do you get to pick the correct? Style for this artist and how do you even get to connect with these particular celebrities to work with them? Okay, first of all for that video Isabella and Naiboi and Kdex from Nigeria I want to big up my boy feel feel the drip. Yeah, I feel a drip. It's the one who hooked me up Yeah, I told me no There is this opportunity gotten So they want us to dress them and I have this I have this so Philo came with some stuff And I also came with some stuff and we collaborated to dress them So I think having network with friends and good relationship is what matters in this business Yeah, so I give thanks because that relationship created this opportunity and from that dressing of Naiboi Naiboi posting big ups on an eyeball. Yeah, then people realize are they went to my page start checking out my stuff I say, ah, this guy is selling good things. So that's how I started getting more orders. Yeah All right. So for someone who is watching this particular conversation and they want to get into the fashion industry and become a stylist So the question will be as simple as this How do they get into this particular industry and what skills or background does one need to have in order to just Get into this particular stylist the fashion industry that is From experience mine I can say you need just to have a vision a vision about that business I can assure you. It's not easy. It's not easy Yeah, it's not easy at all. People will talk bad about What you do? There is someone who will go somewhere and say that guy is selling bad stuff Don't buy from him But as long as you have a vision about that business why the reason why you're starting it just have passion Yeah, be disciplined with the small you get if you have the capital to start like you have 100 g's 50 g's 20 g's start with it But if you don't have you have to be disciplined Yeah with a little for me area of anything man, that's what amazes me when I wake up in the morning Then I find I have like three orders on my phone. I say wow This is God because I didn't have anything Yeah, and for someone who is watching this and they're just trying to understand How are you doing in the the business? How is the business doing this time of the COVID-19 and Are you doing deliveries? It's all it's an Africa like you did. Yes. Yes. Yeah, so tell us more about that Business during this time and this time first of all, you see At least this time they opened some borders and like movement. You see the way like COVID-19 when it hit You see people are so afraid to go out Yeah, so someone is afraid if we take some a tattoo and who but we like contact COVID-19 so that is when I think things started picking up so I used to write and say we will sanitize So when somebody sees my post and they're like, yeah, sure I like this stuff, but I don't want to go out So when I be read as they see I've written I will sanitize and for sure you are you I was not doing PR I will sanitize because even me the shoes have been important So you sanitize them then that when the client calls you where are you? They we drop at the doorstep even not at the gate. We tell the soldier, please We are going for a VIP deliver. We bring to the doorstep. Yeah, you're marketing marketing right, so for someone also Would like like wondering. Yeah, they are wondering what is so different about Slam kid kicks. What is your niche because out here? We have different stylists. We have people who can you know link us up with Cool kids. Yeah, you know, so what is so different about the Slam kid kicks. What is different about slam kid kicks is because slam kid kicks is godly based business That is the difference between me and those people who think that I'm using anything else Because for me, I pray every day in the morning and tell God this business has a lot of competition There are a lot of people here. There are a lot of people who don't want it for me You know as much as we are laughing or you're laughing with your friend There is someone who doesn't want good for you.  Maybe you sold a shoe or a cloth then somebody told you told that person Where did you buy this? You say, ah, there's some guy who sells me. So this is God who connects you to What is the process like if I if I want to be styled by you For a particular occasion So what is the process like to get to you? One thing and are you free to give us your rate card? Okay, how much does it cost? Okay? The cost you can't compare you like have a fixed cost because when someone wants to be dressed or wants to buy a Kick kicks are different clothes are different and it depends on how many outfits someone wants So you can't have a closed rate. So you just need to talk and communicate with a client And you communicate with them. Then how many outfits do you need? What kind of style do you need? Yeah, then you say and you say do you have anything like a picture of how you want to be dressed or I send pictures This is the stuff I have which one impresses you here. So that's when we talk about price But I sure it's not little money, but it's not too much I don't tell us it's affordable. Yeah, it's affordable man for all people all kinds of people Okay, my director is ready. We can check out your kicks, but meanwhile, I would like to you this legit kicks Right, where do you get them? Where we import in this particular? Legit Where do you get your your merchandise? Actually, I have trusted friends Yeah, you see like importing these things is not easy. Yeah, you see some are from Italy made France You see, yeah, so if you want to get them, you know direct importation, you need to have a lot of money So I have friends or people who do business that I trust them where they get their products from Yeah, so that's where I go because I don't have that too much money But if I get it for sure I have a link to import direct Yeah, so I me I rely on them so they help me to bring in because I think they have much Capital than me. So I tell them this is what I want. This is what I want Then I go and choose what I ordered for so I bring them Then I pay them something small because they've spent their money to import. Yeah, sure. So my director. We are ready to check out this slum kid Let's check out what you have So the styling aspect. Well, maybe you can tell us about this look Actually, this look is all about Design this is like an artist thing. You see you can't get anyone from anywhere. Just wearing like this You would have somebody like nose. This is now like an artist thing. Yeah, if you want to be dressed There's a du-rag There's some Gucci some SWAT effort on the Ties, you see, yeah, so if there is an artist who want to be dressed. This is like one of the outfits Yeah, give them that one. Yeah, this is now DJs from my best friends DGM Zeto DJ Frank. Yeah, I dressed them They appreciate Why are nice? Yeah This is you. Yeah, that's me But not only artists. Yeah, because you see now that like a Louis Vuitton Yeah, you should actually mention them. Yeah, this is now KDX with that So this is the one who did it. Yeah, the Nigeria who did the song Isabella with Nibble and Wallace So this is me then with the field. Yeah, I feel we dressed this guy with Phil though the kicks are mine Yeah, the bell the chain you see Yeah, yeah, sure Yeah, there's a some of the kick this Jordan six Travis Scott. How much does this? This is legit Man, can you see This is like This one can be rocked by ladies. Yeah, I think it can be this one is suits you very much. We need to talk about this Yeah, yeah, that's it. I force one and that is easy. You see this Adidas easy by Kanye West You see Kanye West You see this one comes yeah, they order you see order you order them from the company So you say, you know, you see the people who trust Good things. They don't want you to give them examples of things. You know, there are so many examples The situation I buy you order something Yes, and then when it comes in real life, it's something totally different. We say for ground between a different You see now we order them then they come the way you want them That's what I normally tell people whatever you order. This is what we bring. These are Chelsea boots Yeah, billionaire Chelsea boots for those classy people those classy men with some Yes, I'm so it when you enter you see I always have a slogan that says good shoes will take you to good places trust me Yeah, this is a mask You see I told you I like designer and legit things. This is a designer genuine leather Yeah, three-ply mask. This is a Gucci one. I also have LV Louis Vuitton. Yeah, yeah. Oh, it's so one The one I came working at So for particular for any artist or just Come on one night she come a CC when you want you to do when we want you to dress us for a particular occasion and You say there's no fixed Yeah, okay, we will talk actually there is no fix The reason why I say that is because what you desire and what somebody else desires is different Then the combination you can say like this shoe. I can compare with another because prices are different Makes lots. Yeah, so your combination is what adds up here And for an artist who wants to reach out to you For you to dress them and they ask I'm for my side now and For most of our viewers who enjoy music and they see this collection and combination of different artists What what what amount of work goes into choosing a particular Attire for an artist and What actually motivates or influence? Different looks does it have to do with the theme of the song? How does it work? Actually it has to be with the theme The mindset of the director And also the mindset of the the person who now is shooting the video the owner the artist Yeah, because if you're doing an african song like you can't dress them now the western style Yeah, you need to bring them now something that suits the african Thing so yeah, that's now the difference Yeah, okay. Yes, sure. So for guys who back at home, how can they reach out to you? to get information or fashion Design design you being their stylist, how can they reach out to your social media? Okay on social media Because I access all the my media platforms social media platform So you can reach me out on slam kid kicks on instagram You can reach us on slam kid kicks on facebook And also if you come across manase the slam kid the artist buddies man around town this thing They're doing for jesus christ. You can reach me out at manase the slam kid Yes, I Okay, so Manase Now we have she turned to manase. He's an artist and uh, you come another day and we'll talk about the music Industry and the the business side of it. Are you fairing? Is that real gold? So we'll be going to a shop musical break and actually playing yourself Nice. Let's see what you got on the other side


Okay, thank you. I'm looking at the evolution of industry in Uganda. This work was done by several of us. You can see the names over there. I'll just look at... I'll not go into number one. That's the outline of my presentation. Into the studies. I think this has been done in the previous sessions. I'll look at the colonial post-colonial history of industry in Uganda and then the current government. Then I'll outline the industrial policy framework and move to the structure of industry. Then I'll conclude. I'll look at the history of industrial sector in Uganda. I'll look at the history. It stems back from 1945 to 1960s. That's the first phase. This is after Britain, after World War II, had challenges with foreign exchange. Therefore, they thought if they designed a strategy to increase exports of primary commodities and at the same time look for commodities that increase the inflow of the dollar, that would really serve their challenges of having. Two categories of industries emerged at this time. These are specifically the processing industries and the manufacturing industries. The processing industries were largely rural-based, dispersed all over the whole place, cotton and coffee were major in this. And then the manufacturing industries were concentrated in the urban areas trying to manufacture commodities that would do import substitutes largely. Then what followed in 1950s was major projects were carried out like hydroelectricity power station, promotion of mineral exploration and then extending the rail line to areas where the raw materials are. These were major infrastructure investments into the industrial sector to push it to achieve the agenda. At the same time to deal with the credit, Uganda Development Corporation was founded as a prestato largely to get money to the industries and also to guarantee initial risk capital for investors. And this model of industrial promotion had the private public partnership sort of and it propelled industrial development during the colonial era. Now after the colonial era, much of what went on within the industrial sector was state-guided. The state really did much of the investment and the planning, etc. And we had so many private startups, I can't admit them here, that did a lot of industrial development in textiles and etc. But a time came when we had a president called Ida. Many of you have heard about him, where things almost came to a grinding halt. During this time, I think we had sanctions, mismanagement. All these mismanagement and sanctions led to a total breakdown of the industrial sector, totally. And of course at this time they were all state-owned and the state was stabbed especially for an exchange. So in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a virtual absence of heavy industrial of the fields that were existing. So this decline kind of killed the potential growth poles for industrialization in the country. And just to give you a glimpse, if you look at these manufactured outputs in Uganda and these are the manufacturers themselves and vegetable oil, blankets, fabric, etc. When you look in the 1960s, you'll see that in terms of tonnage, there is an increment after 1970, then there's a decline. You can see this line is a little bit thin. Just to demonstrate that there was a decline during that period. Now the last phase is the industrial development from 1986 to date. Now this is marked by priorities for industrial development that follow the path of economic liberalization. Where the government did a lot of reforms, structural adjustment and all those liberalization privatization, all this liberal approach to industrialization and the state saying look here, we are not going to get involved, do it yourself in the private sector. Now during this time, one very important sort of legislation was the establishment of an investment code that led to the establishment of the Uganda Investment Authority responsible for attracting investors into the country and of course the job center as part of the liberalization and to assist the private sector. Uganda is a member to these well known national investment guarantee agents and at the same time international center for settlement of investment. All these to lure or to attract investors to come into the country but there was lack of conscious proactive distinct national industrial policy for the government itself to get involved. This is what's missing. After liberalizing we see a lot of pushing everything in the private sector. Just to give us a glimpse of the share of the manufacturing sector over time from 1988 to 2008 as you can see we start from very far down there move a little bit below 10 around 1999 to 2000 and then we stabilize below 8 so the contribution to GDP has not really hit the charts has more or less been increasing but low but this one shows us the trends in sector composition which we have this industry it has a little bit increased agriculture of course has gone down but the service sector has really bulged it has taken in other words the service sector has grown at a higher rate than the rest of the other sector but of course manufacturing and industry has also grown during the same time following these policies and I want also now to look at the industrial policy very quickly largely there are three things that we look at the first one is the macroeconomic stability policies stabilize the price look at inflation to make sure that everything is stable within the economy and I will not elaborate much about that because you all know that then the trade policies were mainly trying to produce tariffs to the MNF rate I mean they reduced from 9 19% to 11 although they went up a little bit to 15 following the introduction of the common external tariff because it had to be the same for all the East African countries nevertheless there is effort to reduce the MNF rate and tackling non tariff barriers in compliance with the WTO guidelines and then Uganda gives exemptions on importation of capital if you import capital you don't pay the taxes zero so these are the trade policies and then sector specific and I will not elaborate much but the sector specific policies are meant to revamp productive capacity to create clusters and that provide an ideal environment for the businesses to operate within this time of course we also have the industrial policy as one of the sector specific policies but all this is meant to help manufacturing industrial manufacturing to pick up now I will go to this one very quickly looking at the composition of the industrial sector in Uganda the industrial sector in Uganda comprises this construction water formal manufacturing this is the categorization in formal manufacturing electricity mining but as you can see construction is the booming thing this is the sunrise industry within the industrial sector and the manufacturing takes about 20% in terms of composition now in terms of the detailed description of the sub sector these are the undertakings agro processing chemical metrological industry engineering and then paper so that is roughly the composition but this table gives us the distribution of farms in the manufacturing sub sector by employment ban we want to know do we have large scale small scale or medium but as you can see small scale seems to be the in thing those that employ 5 to 9 people 58% this is quite big number then medium is about I think 9% and then large scale you can see 3% so this suggests Uganda has a very small proportion of large scale manufacturing farms these are small scale basically that's what this table would like to yes I think I'm on time sir then the regional distribution I want to say that it's Kampala or the central region Kampala is the capital city that takes the biggest chunk central region equally Kampala capital city is 600% although in the 1970s and 60s was Jinja town in eastern Uganda so much of these activities are taking place within the central capital city area in terms of ownership of these farms we have sole proprietors we have the private private industry companies and then others this is where you get the what I would call public and trade companies that would get money on the capital stock markets so as you can see most of the farms are not listed so they cannot raise capital through capital markets and very importantly overall more than half of the farms in the manufacturing sector are foreign owned you can see from here this is joint venture this is foreign within these three years 41 then when you come to joint still you can see it's the bigger portion of the ownership area then the constraints the constraints the number one infrastructure the skills we don't have the indigenous capacity to adopt and develop technologies there's heavy reliance on imported inputs erratic and I will go a bit on this erratic supply of power we have problems in transport and logistics getting credit is a problem trade is very high and then we operate in excess capacity you can imagine 50% now a little bit about electricity and I will ignore much of that and simply bring you to to this that Uganda biomass usage of biomass in terms of energy is 92% then 70% is fossil fuel and 1% is electricity so you can imagine if you are talking about industrialization when utilization of energy 1% is electricity and of that 70% is used by households of this 1% 70% is households commercial activities 13% index is only 10% so utilization of electricity is extremely low there's two graphs kind of give us that picture we have two power stations now we have three but I just want to draw your attention to from 2005 we had challenges of production of electricity this is established megawatt capacity of this thing alright and this what was being produced and you can see fossil oil was almost catching up with hydropower and oil is 10 times in terms of production costs to generate energy now we have sunset the textile industry just to make a mention is what we call a sunset industry in Uganda because it's really going down from 1973 when we were processing 400,000 bills of cotton outs in 2015 but the construction industry is really coming up and these are the problems associated with why the textile industry is going down and I think finally the conclusion I will only make a mention of these two that Uganda's industrial policy over the last three decades has been a free market type of approach which the private sector has taken where the private sector has taken the lead in shaping the structure and I think this came a little bit premature in an economy which is predominant agriculture without proper infrastructure and I will stop at that thank you chair