We finished pretty much with technical integration, and you notice the clickers today because an issue with the laptop is a little bit different than it was today. The midterm is two weeks from tomorrow night. It will cover stuff that we haven't done yet. It will cover through section 6.3, which we will definitely get to before midterm. It's just going to sound very loud. Can you hear anything? If you're having, I've been receiving increasing emails about, this is hard, I can't do it. If you can't do it, this is why we have office hours, there's a lot of stuff available. So the math learning center is open for quite a number of hours. It tends to be open for something like 10 to 8, Monday through Thursday, and Friday until about 3. The drawback of the math learning center is it's drop-in, and so you get, and sometimes you have to fight for it all. There are, I think, eight of us associated with this course. Each of us have three office hours, and that makes 24 office hours. A number of them are in the math learning center, but there's still quite a few that you can use. And you can also make a point that's outside of office hours. I've seen exactly two people so far in this course for office hours. That's pretty bad, that was 340. There's not 340 in this room, but still. You know, I don't mind if you don't come, I've got stuff to do, but I'm there in case you have questions. Anything else? Any questions or issues people are having? Does that go along with academics? Does that mean, like, if you're having problems with other stuff? If you're having problems with material, sure. Well, then you should ask. Okay, great. Yeah! Sorry, go ahead. So the partial fractions, I want to say, I mean, I can go over one more partial fractions, but I've sort of gone over that. So I would recommend that what you lose, that you have a problem with the partial fractions and the integration by partial fractions. Come see me after. And we'll work it together. You know, I kind of said all that, but if you'd like to say anything. If you have a specific question about partial fractions, during relation by partial fractions, do you have one? It's the whole idea. Okay, so then definitely that's an office hour kind of thing. Other questions or issues people are having? I guess not, because I just asked and I shot it down.  Okay, so let's move on. So I want to point out a few things. We've covered all the basic techniques, in fact, less than basic, all of the techniques of integration. You know, there's some special tricks that you can use hyperbolic signs and things like that. But for the most part, that's it. You should be able to do pretty much probably more integral than I can do, because I'm actually not very good at doing anything. There are a lot of, and I was going to show it, but I don't have the laptop, there are computer programs that can integrate better than anybody. So there's a program called Maple, which you can download from software. You have a site license for it by virtue of being a student here. There's a program called Mathematica, same thing. There's a free program called Octopus. There are a number of programs where you just type in the integral and you, you know, in syntax like it, q, x, and it says the answer is one-fourth x and four. So it just does the integral for you. So there are programs that will do this stuff for you probably better than either you or I can do. They do a whole lot more than just that. Because integration isn't just a very mechanical process. There's a bunch of techniques. You mess around with it, out comes the answer. Same thing with derivatives and so on. But there's a lot of things. So how would you do this integral? Try parts. I would try parts too. It won't work. Then what? Whatever you try, it won't work. So this integral or this integral or let me get another one. It doesn't have an e in it, about that one. Well this one sort of has an e in it. This integral or give only the sign. Sign in so we're actually sure. This integral, this integral, these integrals and hundreds of others, thousands, infinitely many others. None of these integrals have nice formula to express what they are. But they are well defined functions. They make sense. They are real things. They represent actual quantities. So there's an area underneath the curves involved in all of these things. So there's an integral here. But we just don't have symbols to represent it. Now sometimes we need to use this. People will make up formulas. I think this one has the special name s i. This one I know for sure is something like that. I always forget exactly how it goes. There's this thing called the error function. This guy, forget about this name. This integral, let's look at that integral. So if I graph this, it's a familiar thing. Anybody know what to graph with this one? There's a negative here. Anyone know what to graph with this one? Yes. So this is the bell curve. It looks like that. And it comes up all the time. So this integral of e to the negative x squared dx maybe with a 2 pi and maybe with a half in there and stuff like that shows up all the time especially in statistics. If we want to know how much area there is between here and here this tells us something about the probability of a normally distributed event occurring. This tells us the expected height of people or the expected grade on a big exam or something like that. All these things. So this is something important that we should be able to do. But we have no formula for it except calling it or something like that. We can calculate the value. So how does that work? The way that works is you remember that the integral of a function is in fact the limit as the number of things go to infinity adding up. That's what we did at the start of the class because this is and so you can write a computer program to estimate this pretty easily. You can calculate this with whatever precision you want. If I want to know what is the integral from 0 to 1 half minus X squared BX this is a number. I don't know what it is off the top of my net but I can calculate it to any precision I want. So I can calculate this to a thousand digits if you want it. So what I want to talk about mostly today it's not a hard topic but something we need to cover is how to do this because this comes up a lot of times in applications and some words get thrown around that maybe you've heard before about Simpson's rule. How many people have heard of Simpson's rule? A couple. How many people have not heard of Simpson's rule? Most. So like Simpson's rule or trapezoid method or midpoint method or things like that these are numerical methods for approximated integrals that enable you to do this. And you should have some understanding of what they are even though you probably will never write the computer code yourself you'll just have your computer to do it and it will use some numerical methods to have an idea of what's going on behind the scenes. Do you know what works and what doesn't work and why it does work? So the general idea here is we have our function and we just draw my usual unknown function and I want to calculate this area so what we did in the beginning is we just take a bunch of rectangles and here I'm putting them on the left side so I can just take a bunch of rectangles I have too many in here already like that and in this case I chose the rectangles so that they all sit and just all the left side well this is the left side so if we just add up the area of these rectangles this gives us the left approximation and this is with 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 rectangles and that's you can figure out I think pretty easily what that formula is so well so that's one let me not do that because it's easy another thing I can do is I can make the right approximation and just draw the same function which would be slightly different here I'm using on the right 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 so here's the right approximation and again it's pretty straightforward to figure out the formula here there are 6 6 skies and I'm going from let's say 0 to 3 then the first one since I'm going from 0 to 3 then if I have 6 this one is going to be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 so this would be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 to 2.5 pretty pretty and so I'll do an example just to set those are two pretty obvious things that you can do much harder is to try and use the lower approximation so we won't do this but you can know it exists the lower approximation let me just is going to fit my rectangle underneath and every time so sometimes I'll use the right sometimes I'll use the left sometimes I'll use the middle and then there's another approximation where I fit my rectangle over I'm not going to talk about these these are hard you can get hard work hard points and usually you don't know the function well enough to find the points anyway so when will the lower approximation be the same as let's say the left approximation and the slope is always positive so if the function is increasing then the lower will be the same as the left and if the function is decreasing the lower will be the same as the right and if the function has a max or a min then the lower will be mixed and the same about the other I mean reversing okay so that's pretty straightforward and rather than writing down a formula for this we already did these left approximations and right approximations in the first week of classes let's talk about some slightly better ones so using this method is I might have to use a lot of points using end points if I want to get good accuracy I might have to use a whole lot of points so there are some ways we can improve the accuracy and so what is one can anyone suggest what might be a better way to get a better typically better accuracy without using more points I don't know whether you're just like higher he's the only guy who's way yeah so what does that mean so one suggestion is a crap as well which means if I have this function here it is and I have my six rectangles I don't have this name anymore then instead of using rectangles I have to slope on the tops you can see them maybe I should make a curve here just connect the dots so here I just connect the dots I formed a line so what is the what is the area of the trapezoid I guess if you're laying on the side the way I drew it here the base is the same so it's really the average of the two heights so the area like this if this is my let's just call this delta x for my base actually let's call this x1 and x2 these two points so in this case to get the area of this thing then the base x2 minus x1 and the height this height is f of x1 and this height is f of x2 and one way you can remember this is it's the same as the area of the rectangle if I cut this part off and plump it over there then I get a rectangle I cut the top off and fold it over then I get a rectangle of exactly the average height of the arrow the thing is very steep well I guess it is so the area this is going to be the average of the heights now suppose I've already calculated the left and the right approximations what does that tell me the trapezoid approximations are all of the heights on this side and the right guys are all of the heights on that side which is the heights so these two things this guy is just the average but let's write a formula for the trapezoid so suppose I'm going to use n rectangles so I want to integrate from g d f of x well I don't recommend that you memorize these formulas because you'll forget them if you memorize them just draw the picture it only takes a minute if you know what's going on so what we have to do here well the base is in everything right so we're just going to multiply by the base so at every stage I'm going to multiply by the width of my rectangle that's the width of each one of those rectangles and now I just have to worry about the heights so let's worry about the height so let's look at the whole picture rather than just one picture how many right sides are left sides am I going to get one for this rectangle one for this rectangle one for this rectangle so I'm going to get n I'm going to get n left sides and n right sides so I'm going to get some x zero this is the left side and then I'm going to get f of x one this is the left number two and then I'm going to get f of x two f of x three and then I'm going to stop at one before the last this is the left side this is a big parentheses and now I need to add in the right sides well the first one here I don't use this but once I call this the right left side once the second one then I get the right side here and the right side here and the right side here and the right side here and the right side there so I get n right sides but I don't get this one but one part so and then f of x two f of x three and this left side of f of x the last guy but then I get one more let me write that a little cleaner notice that here I get two here I get two except for the first and the last this is going to be one half e minus a over n and I'm going to use let me not use some so then it's the first guy plus twice the second guy plus twice the third guy plus twice the next guy blah blah blah blah plus twice an ultimate guy plus the last one that's a pretty easy formula it's just so if I'm using n rectangles that means I'm going to have I'm going to use my rectangles I'll have six points because I have edges we've got something in half we actually have three ends right from the left side right side and I count everything double except for the two ends and then I average that so I need one half e minus a those are pretty straightforward formulas pretty easy to do let me do an example of an actual function here f of x n it's just a function at the very last one so let me do just to make it obvious I'll do it with a very simple function let's just do x squared so let's I mean this is a stupid example because we can figure out this exactly approximate the reason we're doing it approximately is because everything's easy we would never do this for real but let's do it for real anyway so let's integrate from let's start at one rather than zero let me use four points let me get four four intervals so let's integrate from one to x squared with four squared okay so this is a really stupid example that means I'm going to have five points I need to check at maybe I should go from one to three let's go from one to three but I only have half okay and I'm going to use the trapezoid so this would be t four is the usual notation and this is going to be one half so the total is three minus one is two but I'm doing four rectangles so it's another half we write it as three minus one is four that's half and then the points that I'm doing it on we draw the picture I guess I'm starting here at one and I'm doing four rectangles I'm going out to three so two's in the middle ten and a half and two and a half my function is making that so those are my trapezoids that I'm doing and so I just compute f of one so that's one squared plus twice f of two that's three halves plus twice f of two plus twice five halves plus now the last guy only gets in once so that's three so that's nine over four times two nine halves and that's four times two eight is 25 over four times two so that's 25 over two which is some number I don't know 17 18 plus 30 is 17 is 35 so this is 35 over four when I get 35 over four for this yeah four rectangles I started at one so I didn't use the stuff before one when I started at one I started at one it's the integral from one to three wouldn't it be over two? that's what somebody said somebody made a comment about over two okay so eight to one but now I don't have to find you okay so this is pretty easy it's just a matter of thinking about what you're doing and writing down what you're doing the correct answer of course is x cubed over three evaluated from one to three it says 27 over three minus third is 26 over three which is some number I don't know what that means it's a number it's like eight to two-thirds and that's like eight and three-four this is actually not so bad the back answer is eight four rectangles I can sort of get ballpark with four hundred rectangles I can get really close let me mention let me not do the example another thing you can do here instead of doing trapezoids another thing we can do here instead of doing trapezoids and we can get the same amount of work is to take the midpoints think of the same picture so actually let me just do it so I'm doing the same integral here for midpoints here one to three four bits I have four midpoints the numbers are a little loopier because I have these same intervals one one and a half two two and a half and the points that I want are the middles of those points so I can also I'm not going to do it all out so again it will be two fourths the length of the rectangle is each of them is one and a half those will be four to three I have four of them and now I want to do the function evaluated here at the first middle so the first middle is halfway between one and three halfs which is one point two five for one and a quarter and then the next one will be at halfway between one and a quarter between one and a half two which is one and three quarters and then the next one will be halfway between two and two and a half that will be a two point two five and then the last one will be between two and a half to three so that's two point seven so I square up all of those numbers and I divide by a half and that gives me my midpoint approximation also pretty easy with a lot of work that we will not do in this class we can actually get a bound on how far off these are even if you don't know the right answer if you have no way of knowing how good your estimate is then this is kind of useful but if I can tell you so if you ask me how much money do you have a hundred million dollars that's my estimate I don't know maybe I'm only off five nine hundred ninety nine million nine hundred ninety nine thousand that tells you like nothing maybe I only have a dollar that's an estimate but it's a useless one because the error is so big we have no way of knowing what the error is from the estimate is useful so we can not in this class but in a numerical analysis class or if you really want to work hard we can figure out what the error is in these cases what's this going to depend on what this is going to what will contribute to the error how many rectangles are certainly a critical factor and then another factor is sort of how we lean the functions the derivative if the second derivative is less than an absolute value but the biggest the second derivative is because the second derivative tells us how much this function bends the second derivative if there's some number k so the second derivative is no bigger than that than absolute value then the trapezoid approximation minus the actual value is going to be less than and I also get what we divide by here so the error depends on the size that you chop it up into so it depends on the interval goes like the square of the number of intervals I take that means that if in this case so here I was off by about less than quarter if I went with with I doubled the number of rectangles then I should I should increase my answer my answer should get better by a factor of 4 because I'm going from 4 squared so if I increase my thing by if I double it the number of rectangles of my answer should get better by a factor of 4 the midpoint is kind of the same if the second derivative is found by k on the interval then the midpoint approximation is didn't even afford to give up less than or equal to the same constant v minus a q and here it's 24 so the midpoint is a little better but it doesn't it doesn't really buy you much the error in this point is about half of what the error in the trapezoid rule is but increasing n is way better k is the same k it's bound on the second derivative the second derivative is less than k on the whole issue k depends on the function so in this case the second derivative well x is the derivative of x is 2x the derivative of 2x is 2 so in this case k is 2 if I'm doing a sine then the derivative is the second derivative of a sine which is again the sine but if I'm doing a very bendy function if I'm doing e to the x the second derivative so depending on how bendy the function is controls how good this approximation is the second derivative so if I have a function and that makes some of that sense because if my function goes like this on top of my rectangle the second derivative is very big so my rectangle is going to be a terrible approximation remainder I want to talk about something a little bit deciding how many you can this is rule because what it does is here's my function and here's my rectangle which I'm drawing very big instead of just looking at the middle at the two ends it uses all three of those and it puts a parabola instead of using a straight line like the paraboloid or a rectangle like the midpoint rule it puts a parabola through the three points the two ends of the middle so that means that you almost can't even see the difference in most cases it's very hard for me to draw a function unless it's a formula Wibbler thing that doesn't look a lot on the small piece it isn't a parabola the vertex doesn't have to be in the middle vertex in this case whatever parabola goes through those three points so just like you know that two points determine a line three points determine a parabola and I don't have time to go through all the algebra and you'll all fall asleep anyway it isn't a book if you want to read it but it turns out that this is just a kind of a special average between the parabolas and the midpoint the pattern is one four two four two four two so what does that mean so if we look at this then we think about let me put some more rectangles here with parabola so every time notice that the edges get counted once because he counts only for the beginning rectangle and this guy gets counted twice because he counts from this side and from this side and this guy and so on and the last guy gets counted once and then it turns out by doing the calculation that the middles get counted four times and then we have to average I think you can divide by 3 let's forget whether it's 3 or 6 depends on what you call middles I like to divide by 6 so this width is my base I divide by 6 so I'll write out the formula so here I'm going to use so ok there's a little issue of terminology in this picture should I say that N is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 6 or should I say that N is 3 depends on what picture you're thinking of here I'm thinking of 3 rectangles 3 rectangles I have 7 points I have to play the book calls this 6 so what so so let's call this N let's call it 2N let's just call it N which means that I'm using issue of what you want to call N how many parabolas you're fitting or how many points you're using the way the book uses it is they call it N and I tend to prefer to call it the number of N so let's do N to be the same as the number of points there's a homework problem that you don't have yet it's 4 so if N so it's N plus 1 so that means that this little width here is B minus A the average with a half kind of because I have 3 points and I do an average with a third but then the averaging I do is kind of funny I take the first point once and I take 4 times the second point x1 that's a middle then I take twice of the third point and then I take 4 times of the next point of the next point and so on and I do this until I'm almost done then at the end I take 4 of the last midpoint and just 1 this is kind of a funny average it's a weighted sum the middle counts more than the edges the middle counts double the edges 1, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4, 2, 4 if you do the little calculation 2 you can see that this actually finds you the very best for average 2 comes because I'm counting this as a whole twice but let me, yeah I have 3 points that I'm averaging so it's going to be a half but it's a third but it's a funny average because I'm weighted and I better have gotten this right so let me do x squared again I don't know but even I'll do n equals 4 well n equals 4 isn't enough to do the pattern but maybe it is so let me do x squared with n equals 4 it doesn't matter so I'm going to do this again the same 1 to 3 dx with n equals 4 by Simpson's rule so this would be 1 third which you might say over 2 times and then here I want to do 1 squared plus 4 times 4 times 3 half squared plus 2 plus 2 squared plus 4 5 half squared plus 4 so that's what Simpson's rule again notice the pattern 1, 4, 2, 4, 4 now the error here which is the whole use of Simpson's method I mean Simpson's rule and I guess I'll have to finish this next time the error here is instead of saying let's let m I need another number so I need I'm pretty sure it's the fourth derivative we have the fourth derivative so there's some number that the fourth derivative is less than m then the error is going to be less than Simpson's method is going to be less than m over 10 squared so the important thing goes down like n to the fourth so doing a little more work gives you a huge piece of formula so you can memorize the patterns I will not ask you to memorize these error formulas I mean I'm going to use them for example this starts in the next class


Hi everyone, Sean with jaspyscasebreaks.com here doing the random team randomizer for 2020 five star pick your team number 17. So we had 11 teams that were left. So we sold 11 spots in here and we're going to randomize all 11 spots and add them to this list in this order. So whoever ends up in the number one spot ends up with the Chicago White Sox for this full case break, whoever ends up in the other 11 spot ends up with the Pittsburgh Pirates in this full case break and everything in between. So here's our list of customers from Matt McLaughlin down to Joseph Weymiller in the last spot mojo with the asterisk there. So dice roll to randomize the list and pair it up with the other list five and one six times. So one, two, three, six and final time congratulations Brett on top Daniel Owsley down on the bottom and let's see how it worked out.  So that's the randomizer for those teams. The break itself is coming up next. That was the team random randomizer for 2020 five star number 17. I'm Sean, jaspyscasebreaks.com. Pick your team 17, 20, 25 star coming up next. Thanks for hanging out. See you next time.


Our next speaker is going to talk about maybe not cool, but immediately urgent and concerning topic, and that is the area of cybersecurity. Vincent Dananda is the vice president of product security at Red Hat. He's been involved with open source and software security for over 20 years, leading security teams, participating in open source communities, and more. He's also a member of the open source security foundation's governing board. And today he's going to discuss approach to managing risk and vulnerabilities in open source software, and how Red Hat works to ensure safer consumption of open source software for all. Please welcome Vincent. Good morning. It's great to be here with you today. I want to start off by telling you that it's my job to think about risk all the time. So that's where this presentation is coming from, ensuring that Red Hat and the communities that we work in are able to balance the risk of not stifling technology innovation. Now, it's no surprise to anyone here that security is top of mind across a number of industries, such as telco, financial, automotive, and even government. Now, with the increasing rise of supply chain attacks, some of them making huge headlines, it's also not a surprise that a lot of eyes are on open source. Now, all of those eyes are, to me, one of the greatest benefits of open source. Now, I do tend to get a little riled up when the level of suspicion or skepticism leads to people labeling open sources insecure. Those eyes include the US Executive Order in 2021, the European Cyber Resiliency Act, and even Canada highlights security considerations with open source. But let me make one thing extremely clear. Security problems in software are not uniquely open source. All software has security risks and vulnerabilities. But what is uniquely open source is transparency. Now, all of us in this room know that you can't force anyone to do anything, kind of like my daughter at this age. Now, maintainers of open source are not beholden to any company or government, perhaps with the exception of those who are employed to work on open source. But maintainers are not always paid. And even when they are, unless a particular project has a company backing it, a paid maintainer may not have any more weight than a community contributor. So while there are unique methods of creating and consuming open source, security isn't strictly an open source concern. Now, everyone knows that Red Hat creates, maintains, and sells open source software. Security is very much a focus because we wanna offer customers trustworthy and resilient software. We're aware of the unique differences between open and proprietary software and our risk-based approach accounts for that. So transparency then is a key principle when it comes to our software. Not just in the source code itself, but also in the security data around it. For example, unlike proprietary software, we can't pretend that a vulnerability doesn't exist and we can't hide it from you. Now that's important because we don't want to, excuse me, we never would. You deserve to know what risk your use of our software poses even when we feel that it's insignificant. So that means that when we don't fix something that we feel isn't risky, you know about it and can compensate accordingly if you want to. Now, the larger point is this. If no one tells you about it, you have unknown risk. And as you can imagine, I don't like unknown risk and neither do our customers. So we go further than that. Red Hat rates vulnerabilities based on their expected use in our products. So when we work to get all critical and important vulnerabilities fixed as quickly as possible. We also monitor known exploit databases so if there's something that we didn't fix that starts to be exploited in the wild, we're going to treat it like a critical vulnerability and get a fix out. Now our goal is to make sure that everyone can see all of our security data whether they're a customer or not. And unlike proprietary vendors and many open source vendors, we let you know when something affects our stuff even if we're not going to fix it. Now that's all pretty specific to Red Hat and the way that we handle the open source that we carry and provide our customers. What isn't specific to us is the exploitability. Now I hear from a lot of customers who want every vulnerability fixed every single time. Now that's a lot of overhead for no good purpose. And now for the last two years, we've tracked the known exploited vulnerabilities list from CISA and it's been really insightful. First, we recognize that it's not exhaustive but we do believe that it's representative. Second, the vast majority of exploited vulnerabilities on that list affect proprietary software. And finally, the exploitation rates when it's compared with what we ship, it's extremely low. Now these numbers tell us a few important things. Now while I don't believe that you can ever call any software totally secure, I believe this demonstrates that open source software is trustworthy, which is amazing. It also highlights that while there might be a lot of CVs in open source, most of them do not get actively exploited. So in our world, it doesn't make sense to patch everything. As one example, last year we had almost 1,100 CVs that we rated moderate and only two of them had known exploitation. Now it's easy to focus on the technology and look for fixes in technology but the real things to think about are pretty clear. When you look at the source of data breaches. So Verizon puts out a pretty good report paper and it showed that breaches through software exploitation are single digit events. Now exploitation through people and process are the source of vast majority of breaches, phishing, spoofing, and the like. And I also put the lack of patching for when patches are available, squarely in that people in process bucket. Now at the end of the day, I focus on risk. That's my job. And I honestly think that open source manages risk quite well. I also believe the most open source maintainers do too. But there's a careful balance between focusing exclusively on things like CVs and working on things that make open source so valuable. Innovation, transformation of how entire industries create value, accelerated development, these are all the wonderful benefits of open source. Now to stifle or cut off that innovation for the sake of fixing things that in the end are no more impactful than any other bug, it really takes away from the true beauty of open source. Now that's an area where I've been focused a lot, trying to get both customers and regulators to understand, and these days even governments. Now I'm not arguing that managing the risk of any software isn't important, but I do argue with the notion that open source is worse or that it needs to be regulated in some way. Taking away our freedom to innovate so that all of the boxes are checked isn't the way to keep communities and projects thriving and growing. We can manage that risk and receive tremendous value from open source if we look at all of these things in balance. In other words, we manage the risk appropriately and transparently. Thank you and I hope you enjoy the rest of the conference.


Good glorious morning everybody welcome back to the channel father son dangle going on today in the kayaks but on a little kayak trend lately with all the flooding in the lakes and today's a special day because I get to spend it with my pops we got a small lake I wouldn't really call it a pond but we're fishing on it a small lake today in the kayaks nice little Chris morning we got up extra early to get out here there's some grass around the edges sun's just coming up I'm hoping there might be a little bit of a top water bite but what I'm also hoping to get on is a good worm bite I haven't been on a really good worm bite and this little lake has September in it I see some grass lines things like that I want to really try fishing the Mondo worm this is normally when I break it out and fishing in lakes out deep fishing ledges brush piles things like that but also really good in in small lakes and ponds and so I haven't really done a whole lot of that with with the Mondo worm I've done it with bigger worms in the past so I know it's got potential so I'm just coming up don't want to miss out on the opportunity for that morning strike so let's get the ax in the water let's get dangled is brought to you by one of my favorite sponsors favorite fishing USA y'all have seen favorite a lot on this channel and from all the Guggen squad guys we've got a lot of stuff in the works and excited about some things coming out and I've been testing out some some new reels and of course my favorite rod to throw my worms and jigs on is my signature series LFG series big sexy I mostly fished the big sexy series they've also got some special deals going on for 4th of July so make sure to go check them out if you're in the market for a rod or a combo they've got everything from the summits which are top of the line high-end ultra sensitive rods down to very affordable rods as well so I've got all big sexes with me right now which are my my favorite line of rods go check them all out link is at the top of the description thank you favorite for sponsoring today's video and now it's time to catch some fish on those favorite rods you got one yet dad disappointed I'm gonna go with the frog watch me twerk here we go down into the sun small little popping frog here throwing it on braid today not making that mistake last time oh dad's got one on got a big and on look at this coming in for the landing pass by get in there whopper plopper come on down nicely done dad thank you that's a freaking dandy to start out with lucky feather in the hat yeah back into the deeps back into the deeps nice way to start the morning I'd say hey I'm one up on you okay well that was good times right there I need to get me one plopper gotta love it oh there's one oh I came off oh just had one boil on it right there oh yikes that's new see fire out the Mondo I'm going at least five out when you're throwing the Mondo 10 inch worm really you know if you're throwing these kinds of big worms a six inch or a six hot can be even better but I'm trying to float this thing up top pretty high this might not be a bad idea it's just fish is gonna really have to gulp it oh my god look at the boil right there look at the boil right there yeah I can't stand it any longer so I've got a 5 16 ounce tungsten going with a four-ot I don't have my five outs with me but that's what I'd normally go with so this dad just caught one on a Texas rig Mondo think it's just time to switch just getting a little windy had some bites on that weightless but there I like a lot of them were bluegill and then I've had I know two were bass but I set the hook a little too quick two of my favorite colors for summer for big worms are some sort of plum or blue flak and then this color right here which is called a red bug something about it I don't know red and purple words in the summer even in the fall seem to seem to get it done I'm gonna pinch the plastic up put the hook in like that and then just remove that little tab that's just to keep the tail doing its thing doing what it's supposed to do working about him off a tree okay first fish right there just going to the Texas rig I guess made that difference something about it swimming they were just not being as aggressive with it so nice little healthy fish let you go buddy I took about four casts second one on the Mondo that was about as soon as it hit the water though what much much going on that one okay buddy need to get a little bit bigger that one hit it as soon as it got in there haven't had a problem hooking them on this four-eyed hook yet the two bites I've had on the Texas rig anyway of that's worked out but definitely like to have that five now the one working that worm slow in that brush better fish right there oh man yeah he hosed it one more job yeah one more delicious jump in here oh yeah there's a nice fish got hooked hooked him good here goes that hook look at that nice healthy delicious bias and you go have yourself a good good day with some more slurpees sorry I had to trick you but it's just just what I do looks like switching to the Texas rig Mondo worm has been the key so this is this is like one of those lakes that's it's a club lake my dad's a part of the club so they got these feeders in here that feed these bluegill and the bluegill get massive like I've had some bluegill take my my Wanda worm and I thought I thought they were for sure bass and they weren't but if you've never fished a place like that or a lake that has big bluegill in it and that's the main forage the bass hit your baits so hard whether it's a crankbait or worm or whatever they're used to crunching down on things that have spines and you know their broad big bluegill are and if they're eating crawfish it's the same way they just crush it versus a fish that's used to eating shad like in a lake or something like that that's got a lot of easy you know the shad are easy to digest there's like no spines or anything on them just little hot dogs so it's actually a lot of fun and kind of scary when you get some bites my dad said he missed one on a frog that was crazy but even though they feed the bluegill you think it would be just like crazy crazy good the way it's managed and everything it's still still tough you still have to work for your bites and I've lost quite a few but what I figured out is that as the sun is coming up I think this is going to be more key these these brush piles there's brush piles that are out here I've got my electronics I can I can see them and there's been a couple of specific areas that like I see the brush pile throw in it just works slow and this doesn't matter if it's a pond that has a brush around it or you know of a small lake or a gigantic lake brush piles and timber like pole timber in the summer always one of my favorite places to fish especially a worm a worm or a big creature bait or a jig too I like to throw a jig a lot but the Mondo worm is literally designed I designed it for fishing in that type of cover versus like a long ribbon tail worm that's the same length that gets it gets caught in the branches a lot more you get get caught up with that long ribbon tail it kind of does like a snake effect around the branches I've also tried cranking which is another key summertime pattern to get into that brush crank that pole timber just crank and anywhere riprap I just love cranking in the summertime it's usually how I start the day if topwater isn't working so I've tried a little bit of that that hasn't worked yet oh yeah got a little weird on that hooks up right in that brush chomp on it for a second come on now absolutely bam boozled it and hung on to it just good got a little thing going on with this mouth there good healthy fish though a little trick if you want to make your worms last a little bit longer they get torn up like that you can bite off about a half inch or just take your sharp knife pop off the top then just re-rig in a fresh spot you should be okay you don't get quite as good cover penetration you got that flat spot right there now doesn't come through the cover is good to make your Mondos or just all your stick plastics last a little bit longer that way or you can just go get more I would greatly come in for a little lunch break a little halftime halftime report right now y'all I think I've got four how many you got you have five dad is definitely in the lead I actually think I have three maybe scooting the truth there and he's definitely got the biggest first one he caught on topwater five and a half probably nice fish topwater was definitely moved this morning with all this that now you can really see the grass and it's thick up there up shallow so I'm surprised I haven't been able to get them on on a weightless rig they really seem to like the more of the Texas rig little blade hook the little swim bait on it and I'm gonna be throwing that on one of the new favorite reels that testing out old red looks like that would be nice on a big sexy but it feels good it's got an oversized handle it's got really heavy dragon I think the drag is like at least 22 pounds and feels really good in the hand smooth no no noises cast really good hopefully we can put that big-time drag to the test with a 25-pound bass I think that'd be a good way to really test this reel out so a little high hopes but you gotta gotta keep it positive you ready let's go oh by the way look at dad's that's sticker collection empty be sticker collection I think you have looks like you have all of them I'm collecting them all trying to covers up my secrets how's the feather in the hat doing well I'm ready to catch one that long the feather in a hat was good I put it in I made a cast and I caught it you know five and a half pretty much you stuck with it all right well I've let you have your fun now it's time to pull into the lead here okay for round two here I'm gonna throw this one bait and then I'm also gonna throw a trench hog instead of a Mondo gonna go with a different large creature bait round two you already hooked up you serious what do you what do you get them on chatter as an old fish you're right dad look at that mark on it yeah it's got a nasty situation there okay okay round two you're kicking ass all right back into the deep well old big bull is putting it on little bull today there's some toads in here I think I need to pull about a seven or eight just to just keep him in check but if not pretty proud of you today oh my gosh one just ate it right by the boat I missed just stopped the last clip tattooed it it's not a big one like my dad's oh oh oh my gosh they're feeding out in front of me feeding out in front of me might be some small schoolers or something crankbait fish on the paws come off just got out one of the googan squad square bales the banger baby standard banger hooked a good one on the crank oh yeah either that or got him foul hooked I think he's pretty good pulling that drags huh pulling that drag oh yeah it's a good fish it's big five six pounder he got it come here baby oh yeah baby look at that switch up for that crankbait hey that's a good fish that's one of my biggest fish on uh I wanted the the banger so far I've caught one about six and a half this one's five I would say so nice I like this color a lot too yee haw on that one right there yes sir y'all I'm so excited about these new googan cranks I want to just throw them on to where I'm out deep today but it seems like they are kind of suspended and feeding around this grass soon as my dad caught one on chatterbait I was like uh oh don't know if they're on the bottom I'm using a seven foot medium heavy on this and a us and a uh 15 pound fluorocarbon so this is more like structure cranking if you're fishing around you know grass you got to rip it out of or trees or docks rather than like open water with 10 to 12 pound test medium medium action rod this one you've got a little bit of power on and that's okay with these hooks you know they're not going to bend out as easy our hooks on the googan cranks come with triple grips must have triple grips so it's a really good hook a lot of people buy those hooks and put them on their crankbaits specifically so ours come with them and they're strong strong enough to power crank with okay coming up to one of these bluegill feeders on a point kind of thinking this crankbait will look like one of these bluegill up there if a bass is hanging around I'll smack this thing thinking it's one of the bluegill hanging around the feeder got them on that hump sounds decent feels decent nice fish pulling me right towards the hump though I want to stay away from it too big a fish so far coming on the banger you well it's probably ties my second biggest fish but eight uh didn't really eat it that good but those triple grips got him see you buddy that was an awesome hit a little hump out here and uh I just threw over the top of kind of ripped it out of the grass and paused it and hit it so it's telling me that the sun is making these fish suspend for some reason normally that puts them on the bottom but just depending on cover water clarity I don't know just specific days sometimes they will just suspend oh there we go another little guy little taut easy now see little guy again the pause kind of letting it float up above that cover and they're just looking up and chasing bait in that zone the June, Texas sun is clearly upon us actually we're almost in July right now so we have got to fish this damn one more time since we've seen the most activity there and then we're going to take it in that is one fish ahead of me right now for the afternoon total I think he's two fish ahead of me and he's got one more big fish than me so it's time to make it happen if we're going to you got one I think it's a good one man he's healthy just grab that back hook got a moment triple grip all right whoo yes one more fish and I tied that for the day got him yes tied you in numbers oh he's caught he's he's in my vessel does that make us tired or do you want to hit that makes us tired for numbers overall it is lunch time and we are getting out of here I think we had a pretty good morning I wish I would have capitalized a little bit more on those top water bites I had two nice ones on a buzz bait and my dad had some pretty good blow-ups too he had a good blow-up on a frog and then obviously he caught the biggest one of the day on a whopper plopper and then the bite slowed down and then we picked up moving baits and then we were catching them suspended so it's almost just kind of like they they got up when the sun came up which is odd I love these crankbaits y'all these bangers the recon's I tried fishing the recon for a little while but they didn't like it deep they were just up there in the water column about three or four feet deep so a little square bill perfect for that task and if y'all are wondering about those hard baits they are coming at you very shortly if you watched my live stream the other day I kind of explained it but they are going to be here mid-July so if you want to get your hands on them first they're going to be at shopcrawls.com which I'll have a link for or if you are fortunate to live next to the Guggen HQ you can come pick some up right there as well if you're wondering where that's at is in crumb Texas right off of 380 you can also check out a huge selection of favorite rods right there at Guggen HQ so at this point we were like a full-blown tackle store in there I mean we're not just making videos we're packing tackle in there and I've been pleased to see a bunch of y'all come in from all over and being there in the store and just it's a really cool thing LFD you catch any more out there I caught one big brim one big brim yep okay doesn't count we tied for the day but we tied in numbers you definitely beat me in size LFD guys give it up hit the like button for father and son fishing but my dad's still getting after it out here he outfished me today plus he just stayed out here longer he had more dedication I had to come talk to you guys on the camera but he got after it I enjoy these times fishing with my dad especially in these these later years we have so many stories to share so it's just good times time for me to head into some ac and eat some bluebell ice cream because it is summer in Texas y'all if you want to stay tuned for more ash you can go ahead and subscribe right here to the channel and check out some of the new merch new eat sleep dangle shirts available now link down in the description love you guys see you on the next day


The House Judiciary Committee held a hearing on the merits of the Equality Act and for those of you who don't know this is a really important piece of legislation that would amend the 1964 Civil Rights Act to include protections for members of the LGBTQ community.  So really if you don't think that people should be discriminated against, if they're part of the LGBTQ community, this piece of legislation is an absolute no-brainer. However, there are some people who are a little bit reluctant to support this and here's the excuse that at least one person has come up with to justify not wanting to support this legislation. I am concerned about the potential of bad actors who would exploit the provisions of this law for their own gain. Consider this possibility of President Trump or to say, I am not the first female president. Who would celebrate that? Would those who support the legislation think that's a good thing or would they be dismayed? Really? That's your argument? Who finds this persuasive? Does anyone find this argument persuasive? I totally support trans rights guys. I just am reluctant to codify protections for them into law because something Trump might declare that he's the first female president. What are you even saying? Do you hear the words coming out of your mouth? That makes no sense. So for those of you who are unfamiliar with him, first of all, I envy you. But this is Matt Gaetz. He's someone who is essentially a Trump sycophant and I really don't trust him at all. I think that, you know, I want to believe him when he says that he genuinely wants to protect transgender Americans. But to come up with this type of bullshit irrational argument as a reason as to why we shouldn't codify the Equality Act into law, it's laughable. Just a couple of years ago, less than a decade ago, the same types of arguments were made against gay marriage.  But if we allow them to get married, then people are going to want to marry their dogs. Then people are going to want to have five wives. It wasn't a persuasive argument then and this isn't a persuasive argument now because these bad faith actors that you keep talking about, even if there's one or two bad apples, that doesn't mean that the totality of the transgender community and LGBTQ Americans at large should not have protections because a couple of people might try to take advantage of said protections. I shouldn't have to explain this, but Trump obviously would not be a beneficiary of this law because Donald Trump is not transgender. He can't invoke some sort of transgender defense in order to stop a business owner from kicking him out because that's not the way that this works.  And I think that it's safe to say that cisgender Americans and just straight people in general aren't going to be able to exploit these protections for LGBTQ Americans for nefarious purposes. And if they are able to exploit it, then they're not going to be able to do it easily without getting caught.   I mean, there were literally movies about this. I now pronounce you Chuck and Larry. Is that what it's called? Where Adam Sandler and who is it, Kevin James, they got a domestic partnership to take advantage of the system, to game a system that was intended to protect LGBTQ Americans. So this fear, it's completely irrational and it's unfounded. But now it's just being used to give people an excuse as to why they may not support the Equality Act, which is absolutely essential at protecting transgender Americans, gay Americans, lesbian Americans, bisexual Americans. It's crucial because in dozens of states, we can be fired just because we're gay. Business owners are allowed to kick us out of their stores just because they don't like that we're gay. It's completely inconceivable. If you want to live in an egalitarian society, then you have to codify these types of protections into law. Now, again, I want to believe Matt Gates when he says that he genuinely and sincerely supports trans rights. But for you to come up with this type of bogus argument, I'm sorry, it calls that into question. It makes you look ignorant. It makes it seem like you're just looking for any reason to give yourself an out so you don't get criticized if you ultimately vote against it. Well, I'm sorry, you have no rational and legitimate reason to vote against this. And if you vote against it, we're going to hammer you for it because there's no reason why in 2019, LGBTQ Americans can be openly discriminated against. No reason for that to be tolerated by a just and fair society. No reason whatsoever. So if you don't support it, then we are going to criticize you regardless of whatever bogus excuse you try to fabricate. Because what you're saying about Trump declaring himself transgender, let's say hypothetically speaking, Donald Trump does do that. Let's say that this law is passed. The Equality Act is signed into law by Donald Trump of all people. And he then declares I am the first woman president. What would happen then? Would the sky fall on us? Everybody would just look at him and say, um, no, you're obviously not transgender. You're not living as a woman.  So you're not transgender.  That would be the response. This isn't some type of apocalyptic scenario, even in the worst case scenario that you came up with, Matt. So I mean, you have no reason to vote against this. Now again, I'd be more than happy to stand corrected if you end up supporting this ultimately. But for you to come up with that type of bogus excuse that was just used against gays and lesbians and bisexuals, like less than a decade ago, it calls into question whether or not you sincerely believe that LGBTQ Americans should be protected by law against discrimination. So we'll see. But, um, you know, I don't have much hope to see him come up with that type of argument. Um, it's it's honestly laughable.  I mean, I can't help but think that you're just looking for a way to not be criticized if you vote against this. So I mean, we'll see. But you got to educate yourself, man, because regardless of how you feel, you are a member of the United States House of Representatives, regardless of how you feel about LGBTQ Americans. Sincerely, you represent them. It's your job to protect Americans, including LGBTQ Americans like it or not. That's your job. So, you know, I couldn't not talk about this because there's so much vitriol and hatred spewed against trans Americans that we need to more forcefully condemn it when we see it because that's what being a good ally to a marginalized group entails.  So as allies, I really think we need to be better about sticking up for the disadvantaged and calling out instances like this, where somebody is trying to convince people that we shouldn't stand up for trans Americans because something something Trump for a female president.   I can't take it seriously.


If we don't have a gun, we won't be able to do anything. Because if we have a gun and a gun is destroyed, we will go to a better place. The situation is now disastrous. Every farmer we've spoken to has lost almost all of their crop this year. They've sold, they've been forced to sell their livestock. They've got no money at the moment. These seeds are absolutely vital.


As a country and as a government, we've been reminded over the past few weeks that the path to reconciliation means recognizing past wrongs and working to do better. It is shameful that here in Kaua Sesson, across the country, children died because of the policy of residential schools. Later today, I'll be visiting the site of unmarked graves to pay my respects and sitting down with many of you to hear your stories as survivors. Canada must acknowledge the truth, but we must also understand the truth. Even as Canadians from coast to coast to coast are shaking their heads and feeling guilty and terrible about the shameful past that we are coming to grips with as a nation. It is something that communities like here in Kaua Sesson have known for years, decades, generations. The harm done by residential schools, the broken intergenerational links, the legacy of intergenerational trauma that continues. But even as non-indigenous Canadians reflect on the history of residential schools, they must also reflect on the fact that at the same time residential schools were teaching indigenous children that they had no worth, had no value, that their culture had no worth, their value, that their languages didn't matter, that their traditions were relevant. At the same time as those harmful policies and teachings were inflicted upon generations of proud indigenous people in non-residential schools across the country, ordinary schools, so-called, where non-indigenous Canadians went to, those same messages of the lack of value in indigenous knowledge, traditions, cultures, language were being spread, were being taught. And as we talk about reconciliation today, it is not just about indigenous people and governments who wronged them, although that's certainly a part of it. It's also about non-indigenous Canadians understanding that not only what generations of Canadians were taught was wrong, but it was harmful. And it led to the creation of policies and institutions and ways of doing things in this country that didn't respect, acknowledge, or value extraordinary strength and worth and contributions of indigenous people, of indigenous communities, of indigenous knowledge. So we have not to just fix the wrongs of residential schools and the impacts on your communities, but the work of reconciliation is work that must be joined by all Canadians because in all our institutions, in all our ways of doing things, the echoes of those wrong-headed teachings resonate in ways that we are only beginning to come to grips with. And when I see and get to participate in such wonderful moments of community, of celebration, of strength, of culture, of depth, of language, of love, of respect and harmony for nature, these are things that mustn't just be there for strong indigenous communities, they must be there for all Canadians to draw on. The work of reconciliation won't transform indigenous communities alone and indigenous people in Canada alone. The work of reconciliation must and will transform all of Canada and all Canadians. That's the work we have to do together. And of course, as we do that, it needs to start with children. That's the heartbreaking awakening that Canadians have had across the country with the discovery of these graves. That's why we're here today. To do better by this generation and future generations of children and families. Together with Kallises First Nation and Saskatchewan, the Government of Canada is signing the first ever coordination agreement under the Act respecting First Nations, Inuit, Métis children, youth and families. That has been the work of reconciliation that communities like Kallises has led on over the past many years. That we can come together to sign this today, mere weeks after the tragic discoveries, is because over the past years leaders like Chief Cadmus and others have stepped up to help us co-create legislation that recognizes that child and family services that take kids from their communities and remove them from their cultures, from their languages, from their land is not the path forward that we need to walk as a country. And that kids need to be kept by and protected by, supported by and taught by their communities. So we co-develop legislation called C92 that will ensure that as we move forward kids get the support they need and the protection they need driven by their own communities in their own languages, in their cultures that no kids finally will be removed from the communities that they are a part of. That is the goal and that is what we are signing the very first agreement all across the country to start today in Kallises. Never again should kids be taken from their homes, families and communities. The act we passed in June 2019 makes sure of that. To support this agreement we are investing $38.7 million for the implementation of the COSS First Nations Child and Family Services System. This is an important step forward and at the end of the day it will mean fewer children and youth in care. Across the country we are working with other First Nations to reach similar agreements. My commitment is this, that we will continue to work as a partner with all communities on what they need to keep their children safe and thriving. When the children of the First Nations, the Inuits and the Métis, grow in their communities, surrounded by their cultures and their loved ones, they have the best opportunity to expand and succeed. And I know that this is what we all want across Canada for all children. Earlier today, Chief DeLorm graciously accepted a braid of sweet grass in order of today's agreement. It is my pledge to work in partnership and unity with all groups to make this goal a reality. We will continue to walk the path of reconciliation and respond to the priorities of Indigenous people on child and family services reform. We will, every step of the way, be there as partners to focus on what's best for your children, for all of our children. Because that's what they need and that's what they deserve. Again, thank you, Cadmus, for welcoming me to your community for this really important occasion, not just for COSS, but for all of Canada. Thank you very much.


Grasslands cover over three-quarters of the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau, QTP, playing a crucial role in regulating its ecological functions. Climate change and human interference have had a significant impact on these grasslands, making it difficult to differentiate between the two factors. This study used statistical analysis, remote sensing data, and an ecosystem process model to determine the relative contributions of climate and human activities to vegetation vigor on the QTP. Temperature, precipitation, and livestock grazing patterns varied significantly between pre- and post-2000 periods. During warmer periods, increased temperatures limited vegetation growth in dry step areas while decreased precipitation inhibited vegetation growth in wet meadows. Livestock grazing also had a greater effect on vegetation growth in dry steps during warm periods and in wet meadows during dry periods. Additionally, the effects of climate and human activities differed depending on location and targeted time period. Areas dominated by human activities were smaller than those dominated by climate. Grazing had a larger effect on vegetation growth in areas where climate was less favorable. This article was offered by Ku Huang, Yang Jianjiang, Hun Tao Zhu, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


It is the golden hour here on this leap day down in Florida, golden hour meaning the light is really good outside right now and it's almost sunset, so hopefully I look awesome to you guys. Anyway, I want to talk about something real quick, something I've heard a few times and I recently watched a video, it was a great video about LMS but they mentioned Ardor, Ardor is music track recording software and it's great. I haven't used it in a couple of years but I used it back in the day, I loved it. But one of the misconceptions about it is that it's not free and some people will point out that it's free, liber free but it's not free as in beer free because you have to pay for it which is not true at all. Ardor is under the GPL 2 license I believe which means it is free and will always be free both for cost and in freedom for usage. Now with GPL license I can sell it but you're not really selling software when you do that, you're selling, you're paying for me to provide it to you in many cases or other instances but that's the normal thing. So if you go to the Ardor website and you go to download it shows that it's got different subscriptions and you can pay a dollar a month or up on up for different things. You're not paying for the software, you can say you're paying for the software but you're not paying, you're paying for them to provide it for you, for them to compile it for you to give you automatic updates and stuff like that from their website. If you're on Linux you already get a compiled version through your repositories because there is nothing saying that I can't compile it and share it with you. You can also get the source code free from the Ardor project at their website and download and compile it yourself for free. What they're charging for is compiling it for you and providing it for you so you get those updates, they do nightly builds and you get access to that which again you can pull the software nightly and compile it yourself. So it is free, it's just they're charging a subscription to try to raise money for the developers which is fine but there's nothing to stop me from compiling and sharing with you as most Linux distrus do as it's in their repositories. So it's great software, if you like software especially you know if it's free in open-source software think about supporting the developers, think about something like that that's replacing software that the proprietary software that might be a couple hundred dollars and think about taking oh hey you know what I could have spent two or three hundred dollars or even fifty dollars on a program like this I'm going to give them five dollars a month or ten dollars a month. I do that, I try to put five or ten dollars a month, I pick a project and I try to support them financially some open-source project. If everyone did that everyone you know all these software developers would make a you know it's decent chunk of change but it just bothered me that I hear that quite often that it's not free software or it's it's Libre software but it's not free as in beer software which is the opposite of what you would normally hear but and it's because their website comes across that and I'm not gonna say how I feel about that I mean it's one of those it's one of those weird things that you know they have every right to I think I personally think developers should get paid I think software should always be free you should never ever pay for software but paying somebody to develop software or paying someone to provide that software for you or do some sort of work for you I think is a great thing it's a fine line and a lot people don't understand the difference but there's a huge difference in that when it comes to freedom of software it's your freedom of use as well as the cost but there is there are people working on it and you should support them not everyone does and you can't support every project every little bit of software on my desktop you know how many software projects there are I personally try to look for the smaller ones too like I don't usually I'm not gonna I don't think I've ever donated any money to Blender because they make a decent chunk of change or Libre office that because people support them all time I try to look for those little projects and that I like and support them so think about doing the same I've actually thought about doing on my channel where I let you guys know this month I'm supporting so-and-so and like maybe a lot of my followers can go and support that same person that month so that that developer might get a big chunk of change that month in the next month I find another developer and I say I'm gonna support this guy I don't know I don't know if my subscribers would actually go for something like that let me know in the comments below if you want to hear who I subscribe or who I support so that maybe you could support a few dollars I mean I have lots of viewers but very few of them support me so the dogs that they're gonna go support somebody I'm suggesting might not but maybe you're more interested in supporting software developers than someone who talks to a camera who knows but let me know in the comments below would you be interested in hearing who I'm donating to each month who I'm I hate using the word donate who I'm supporting each month and that you would be interested in maybe supporting the same people let's discuss that anyway thanks for watching I hope that you have a great day


grew up in deep East Texas. Those of you who have never visited Texas might be thinking of tumbleweeds, cacti, and rednecks. You'd be right on one of those three. Northeast Texas, at least in parts, is a swamp. The part just adjacent to Louisiana is everything you expect of a semi-tropical swamp. Hot, humid, and lots of little blackwater lakes. I used to love to swim, dive, and fish in the local lakes. I tell you this to give you background on why I will never, not ever, absolutely never, ever, ever go back into a warm freshwater lake ever again. It used to be one of my favorite activities, but one thing ruined it. Pam. Pam is not an ex-girlfriend or creepy old nudist lady. It's not a person at all. It's primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, P-A-M. It's a very, very rare health threat. Only 32 proven cases in the last decade, about a hundred in the history of the US. 28 of those cases were from swimming in freshwater ponds, lakes, or pools. Two were from a drinking water supply that was heated geothermally, and two of those infections were the result of watching Oprah. Okay, not watching Oprah, exactly, but those two cases were the result of using neti pots, and the neti pot craze certainly started on Oprah's talk show. I'm going to talk about Pam, and I'm going to talk about neti pots, then I'm going to summarize what the real risk connection is between those two things. One, a little more about Pam. It's horrible. We have no tests to diagnose it. We have no drugs that we know work on it. If you contract Pam, you have only a 2% chance of surviving. It's a death sentence, and it will be a painful, lingering death. I have studied Ebola and LASA. I have been in biosafety level four facilities, and this thing scares me irrationally. The causative agent in Pam, typically an amoeba called nigleria fowleri, needs warm freshwater to thrive and grow. That's why cold water lakes are relatively safe. It's also no threat for drinking water as stomach acids destroy it quickly. It's only route to penetrate your defenses is in the nose. Since prior to humans swimming in freshwater for recreation, and of course since Oprah suggested pouring warm water into your nose, the disease has increased in prevalence. Hey, bonus depression, thanks to a warming trend, lakes as far north as Ohio are likely to be infectious during the summer months, signaling a general trend of expansion for Pam. If you wonder where the stuff was when you were a kid jumping off a tire swing into a local watering hole, the answer is that it was much further south in the tropics. Thanks, global warming. The amoebic agent goes through multiple stages in its life cycle, including a cyst stage where it can remain dormant and protected from its environment for years. Yes, that's right. It can survive cold, starvation, toxic chemicals and desiccation and still pop up and eat your brain. To our neti pots effective. Actually, yes, a little running warm isotonic salt water does help to moisturize and wash out the crud from the little hairs in your nasal sinus. It's not rocket science. The warmth, moisture and flushing effect can be pretty soothing. That's why it's been used medically for decades following sinus surgery to wash out wounds. The neti pot is a bit of silliness invoking the ancient wisdom fallacy that anything that's been practiced for thousands of years must be effective. Anyone who thinks that doesn't know humans very well. There have been multiple papers studying the effectiveness of nasal irrigation, whether the irrigation is done with a plastic squirt bottle or vitrified ceramic neti pot. It does reduce swelling and pressure. A Cochrane database review of all available literature found that there is evidence that saline is beneficial in the treatment of the symptoms of chronic rhinocyanositis when used as the sole modality of treatment. Evidence also exists in favor of saline as a treatment adjunct. No superiority was seen when saline was compared against a reflexology placebo. Saline is not as effective as an intra nasal steroid. There are also Cochrane reviews of saline nasal irrigation for acute upper respiratory tract infections, but the results there are not encouraging. The side effects are nasal soreness can include nose bleed and headache.  You should boil then cool or otherwise sterilize any water that goes in your nose. The neti pot or other containers should be thoroughly cleaned after each use and allowed to air dry. In short, properly use the neti pot is about as effective as any other folk remedy at making you feel better, but it doesn't address the root cause of nasal troubles. It's not as effective as a steroid, but the side effects are pretty mild. Three now to summarize the real risk of PAM from nasal irrigation. The absolute risk is fairly easy to calculate as long as we can make up some numbers. Two reported cases assuming that's pretty good coverage. I have no reliable numbers on how many people use neti pots, but let's use a plausible number of 1 million in the US. Given our wild guess is the incidence of PAM is two cases in 1 million exposed or 0.2 cases per 100,000 in 10 years. The per year number moves one more decimal 0.02 cases per 100,000. The incidence of lightning strike is about 0.1 cases per 100,000 in the general US population of about 300 million. That means that the risk of PAM is about equivalent to the risk of any given person getting hit by lightning. Oh, that's not proper epidemiology, but the absolute risk is pretty small. That's my point. Of course, if the water is pre filtered, boiled and cooled, the pot cleaned and air dried after every use, the risk is essentially zero or at least has never been measured to be more than zero. Every case so far has been the result of using tap water. So, my final verdict on neti pots. Well, even a stock clock is right twice a day. Oprah gets a pass on this one. Neti pots are relatively safe, so long as you take some very basic precautions and never, never, never use tap water in them. If PAM scares you as much as it scares me, you can be excused from a little irrationality.  Why am I so against swimming in warm water lakes of my native Texas? We established that the absolute risk is really quite low. Even though the risks are higher for getting PAM from swimming, the relative risk ratio that is the comparison of the exposed and unexposed populations would be really quite high. The difference in disease rates among non-lake swimmers and non-neti pot users is relatively large. Sitting here at my computer, there is almost no chance that a brain eating amoeba will be lurking in the shadows preparing to pounce upon and devour my delicious head meats. The moment I dip a nostril in Caddo Lake, however, PAM is just waiting for me. Possibly. Maybe. Probably not, but I'll be darned if she's going to get my cerebrum. Thanks for watching.


Hello, and welcome to the Ed Hoddle Show. I'm Greg Roy, joined here by Stevenson Head Football Coach Ed Hoddle. And Coach, you went up to Delaware Valley last week. And they came right out of the gate flying and eventual loss. Just talk about overall how the game went. Well, you don't want to start off in a 7-0 hole eight seconds into the game. So we address that in meetings. And we've addressed it in practice that we need to come out. We need to execute from play one to play 121. So that's been something that we've talked about and something that we're working to improve upon. Yeah.  And then the punt return touched down later, where the guy was basically down. And he somehow, I still don't know how he got out of that. But other than that, I thought you guys played pretty well, especially defensively. You were able to move the ball a little bit. And like we discussed, you played, in some ways, a little bit more of a complete game than you've played so far this year. I think we did. I think that as you look at our performance, there's flashes of really, really good things. And then we make that catastrophic error. Our belief is some of that's youth. Our belief is some of that's focus. Our belief is some of that practice habits that we've got to address and continue to work and really put that full 60 minutes together. We get beat on a double move for a touchdown. Obviously, the special teams touchdowns were big. And we've got to work to really clean up our game mentally, as well as we do physically. And also, I thought your guys didn't hang their heads after the opening touchdown. I thought they stayed in and battled. Was that a positive to take out of the games that they didn't hang their heads? And easy to hang your head going down seven, nothing in 10 seconds. Sure. Our guys did a nice job finishing the game from an effort perspective. And that's always a positive. And I think our guys were in a position where they were encouraging one another in a tough situation. And that's always a real big positive to see. Those are signs to us as we're growing and maturing as a football team, literally week by week by week. So for us, it is a positive. And it's something that we need to build on moving forward. All right, Shifting Gears. You've returned home for the first time a couple of weeks. You host Ms. Recording on Saturday. This is a team that historically struggled, but is putting up some points this year. It's coming off a win over Wilkes on last Saturday. Much improved football team. I've said it over the last couple of seasons where you can watch the progress. You can see the change in recruiting philosophy. You can see the schematic problems that they cause opponents. And you can see them growing into a much more mature football team, which is kind of the natural progression of things. So from our perspective, it's going to be a huge challenge on Saturday.  Are you guys excited to get back home? I think we're excited. The last couple of weeks, two tough trips. So it's a situation where it is nice to get home and be able to take care of business in front of our home crowd. Yeah, and finally, obviously, after this week, not the open week coming up, you guys looking forward to having that to kind of reset some things and get a little bit of rest? Looking forward to getting healthy. That's the biggest thing is getting our guys healthy. We've got a number of guys that, nothing major, but things that we've had to hold them out of a game or limit reps in practice, things like that, that we can really get those guys off their feet, really get them rejuvenated for the second half of the season. And obviously, I think, to the rest part of it, you look at some of our younger players and they're struggling with learning how to be college students, and that's a big piece to success. And some of those guys, we're counting on in game and to get them kind of caught up on their schoolwork, caught up on the rest, it'll be a much needed approach as we look at the bi-week. All right, well, thanks a lot, coach. Best of luck on Saturday. We hope to see everyone here at Mustang Stadium 12 o'clock against Miss Accordia. For Ed Hoddle, I'm Greg Royce. This has been the Ed Hoddle Show.


historic day in PA. Governor Tom Wolf has signed a new bill into law. Governor Tom Wolf is calling legislation he signed this afternoon the most significant step to reform the liquor system in Pennsylvania in 80 years. Okay I am very pleased to follow through and a promise that I made during my campaign to modernize our wine and spirits system. This bill will improve the customer experience. This bill will make pricing more competitive. It will make the purchase of these products more convenient and will produce more revenue for the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and it will also I think show once again that Democrats and Republicans can work together. One in five college women are sexually assaulted and Governor Tom Wolf has pledged the state's support to stop it. Governor Tom Wolf says it's on us in the governor's latest push to end sexual violence he held a news conference with Villanova basketball coach Jay Wright yesterday. So we need to end sexual assault and my administration is committed to that goal. Over the past six months we have held roundtables across the Commonwealth to hear from survivors, students, health care professionals and policymakers trying to create a safer environment an environment where sexual assault does not take place. To that end I have proposed a million dollars one million dollars in the 16 17 budget to invest in community partnerships that will help prevent sexual violence to remove barriers to reporting in schools across Pennsylvania. So now I'd be happy to take questions and I think all of us up here would be happy to take questions. Are there any any questions? All right thank you very much for being here that's this is one best press conference I've ever been to thank you very much thank you very much. Michelle announces it will build a chemical plant in Beaver County this is big news folks the building of this plant will bring 6,000 construction jobs to the area and what's more the plant will bring 600 permanent jobs once it begins production. This is really something that's going to change our economy. Governor Tom Wolf calling this one of the biggest private investments made in Pennsylvania since World War II.