Hi everyone, my name is Ria Lala and my work and my joy is helping parents create richer deeper connections with their children and building their emotional and building their emotional awareness Deepening it between parents and child. I Wasn't always into parenting I did this for 15 years in the corporate world and I realized that there were a lot of similarities I can translate from that into parenting and I know that not everyone in this group is a parent However, I'd love to leave you with some great hacks that you whether your parents or not can take home today and Start using with your children or with your lover or your friends so when we talk about emotional awareness what we're really talking about is our EQ and There's a variety of different elements to emotional intelligence But I'm going to talk about the three that I think is most relevant to raising children That are aware and connected and and fosters a really strong relationship with their parents. So the first part of that is How self-aware a child is so when we talk about self-awareness, what are we talking about? We're talking about how aware is a child or anybody for that matter About the feelings that they're feeling and why so for example Imagine a child who's doing a cartwheel and another child is observing that child doing the cartwheel But they know they can't do it or they think they can't do it as well and in that moment. They're feeling Maybe some fear maybe some insecurity Maybe some embarrassment and so they just walk away and they go. No, I don't want to do it How aware is that child to know that that's what they're feeling in that moment and why that's occurring? the next part is how How able somebody is to regulate their ability to self-regulate so once they can are aware that they're feeling this feeling can they can they manage to Process that emotion in a way that doesn't hijack them So they're not in an emotional flood where they're crying or they're upset or they're not an emotional drought or desert Where they're tuning out or they're cold or they're distant or they've just shut down and the next part of that is perspective-taking which is so Important for parenting and when I talk about perspective-taking is how well can a child or anybody for that matter? Climb into somebody else's mind and look around and imagine what it's like what their perception is of the world and try And understand why they think and do the things they do so That's what Dan Siegel calls mind sight or and that's where empathy comes from how a child learns empathy the ability to climb in Okay, so what's the real-world? application of this and how does this foster Connections between children and I'm gonna give you three examples that have happened real-world examples that have happened as I've worked With parents just in the last couple weeks. So I want you to imagine a Child in fact two children and the mother decides to give each child a cookie And so first child looks at his cookie second child looks at his cookie then looks over at his brother and says He got a bigger cookie than I did and in that moment That brother starts to feel frustrated and Angry and all of a sudden he decides he's gonna pinch his brother just to feel better about the situation So he pinches them the grown-up version would be maybe somebody feeling It's shouting out mean words or saying something a little bit nasty to Because somebody else got an opportunity that they didn't or maybe they shut down and they're not as friendly or giving of information Because they didn't get something so in that moment the mother who would be observing the son who pinched the other brother She says to him. Why would you pinch your brother and that's not very nice And you know, we really shouldn't pinch in this world and then all of a sudden that brother who pinched feels shame and feels blamed and Upset and the whole thing escalates from there When really if that child had the ability what he would have said is mom I'm feeling really scared inside. I Actually feel that you might love my brother more than me and that makes me feel insecure And I know that couldn't be true But right now that's how I feel because he got the bigger cookie and then what would happen The mother would get down to his eye level and say She would connect and the way she would connect is by a bunch of in a variety of ways One is by nonverbal cues because 80% of our communication is Done nonverbally so she would get down to his eye level and she'd look at him And she'd make sure her body language was open and accepting she touches hand She'd look in his eyes. She's saying a tone that was soft and gauging. I'm so sorry that that's what your perception was I'm so sorry that you feel that way Tell me more about what's going on for you I'd love to know and all of a sudden that child would have an opening where he could discuss everything that was happening Without feeling any fear But if it's a child had the language to do so that's what would ideally happen. I'm gonna give you another scenario A little while ago. I was I was coaching a woman and she said to me that her daughter is always clinging to her and and The mother told me that I don't think there's any amount of love that I can pour into my child that would make that would satiate her and Then and the grown-up version would be pretty much the same or you have a partner Maybe your friend or somebody that's just extra clingy and you kind of feel like you know that you want to kind of keep them away But if the child had the language They would be able and the and the parent had used some really good questioning And again got down to their eye level and became curious put on their curious detective hat The child would have said I Kind of feel like you don't want to spend time with me because you seem really busy There's like a lot going on I just want you to spend some time playing dolls and then I'd feel like you really want me here But you just I don't think this is interesting or important to you And then the mother could do everything she could do to heal that situation Right and again looking at her non-vibracuse looking at the language that she's using where she's curious and inviting In my last scenario I want you to imagine a child that's in a tantrum and they're upset and they're angry and they're stomping around and The mother sees all this reaction and decides to put the child into time out So the child I don't know.  I'm so curious. I really want to know I really want to understand what made you what made you scream and yell and instead of putting the child in time out They actually give him a time in where everything's soft and gentle and inviting What's the similarities between all these situations? There's always a conversation that's happening under the conversation and if we look in all those scenarios if There was self-awareness So the child and the parent was able to understand what each one of them was feeling at any given moments And why if there was self-regulation so that the mother when she sees her child champ tantrumming Doesn't go into her own tantrum or her own anger and is able to soothe her nervous system so that she can soothe her child's nervous system if The mother is and this child is able to take perspectives if the mother's really able to climb inside their child's mind to see What's going on for them? One thing that I find very helpful is to imagine that everything your children do That there is a kernel of truth in it that everything your children do that is what you might consider suboptimal that there's that they're That there's something that you're trying to gain from gauge from you and Something there for you to understand So one hack that I think is very effective for parents is you know, whenever you see somebody that's angry like a child to Always lead with your right brain to your right brain Which is your emotional side the soothing where you look at all your Nonverbal cues and you get down to their eye level and it's only when you see that your child's system has been soothed and they're calm Then you read lead with logic and this applies for grown-ups as well too often We just go into some logical explanation as to how somebody should have handled something or what somebody should have done And when really what people want to have is just to be heard They just want to have their rent. They just want to you know, say whatever on their mind right or wrong Sue them and then lead with logic and then you'll find that you can calm situations down much more quicker One question that I have found extremely useful for children is And I've been asking my son this and daughter this since they were about you know, three and a half four is How can mummy love you better? How can mummy understand you better and the reason why I find it so useful is because it employs all of this the three skills of eq at large so Because you really have to brace your heart for what your children will tell you when you ask that question And I really believe that how much your child tells you is a function of how comfortable and safe that they feel So when I asked my son when he was around for the first thing he said it was well I really feel that you should respect when I don't want to wear the jacket and I wish he would hug me more and Here I am thinking what I practically want to eat this child and his perception is that he doesn't get enough hugs And at that moment it was really painful to my heart and I'm thinking I Want to showcase to him where I've hugged him in the past I want to showcase how much time he's been playing but in that moment I have to use my own self-regulation and get down to his eye level and and and become curious and Ask questions understand how he wants to be loved My daughter the other day when I asked her this question. She said to me mummy I feel like sometimes when you kiss me You hurt my face could you push too hard and sometimes I just don't want you to touch me and at that moment I have to accept that as her truth So the way I do that is I ask her now I become very curious to get to the granularity of how she wants to be loved So can you just explain to me so when I hug you do you like the big bear hugs?  She was no no no I like when I asked you to hug me. I said okay, and it made a footnote So if I invite you all to ask that if you have children ask your children that question If you have a friend or a lover because it's very very seldom as friends I mean can you imagine how many friends come up to you and say hey, you know what? I'm really working on myself I really have some issues and I'm trying to figure out how I can Circum them and can you teach me like give them an open invitation? Can you teach me how I can be a better friend or how I can be a better lover or how I can be a better parent? Because then it's safe you've opened the door for them and you're let and now they have the ability to tell you anything And then when they tell you what they tell you you need to use your own self regulation to be able to handle that That takes a lot of courage to ask that question, but it's a great question But that's not even the best part of it After you've asked that question to your children or your friends or your lovers The real ninja trick comes the next day The next day when I want to show to them that whatever they said to me was important Whatever they said to me I took to heart and the way I do this is I'll say to my son. Oh so I'm mummy's really working on our hugs right now and I've been giving you some hugs. How am I doing and then he's able to give me that feedback in real time and This is the benefit of that a he gets to do the save as that there's a feedback loop that happens Where he can now remember that mummy is working on this and therefore You know she cares and I when I get that thumbs up get to square my shoulders and go yes mummy's doing a good job and That way if you repeat that over time Then a you get to learn a new skill of how your child wants to be loved and how they want to be touched and how They want to be spoken to and how they want to be kissed And You get to feel good about it. You get to feel good that you're doing a good job That doesn't preclude That doesn't preclude the fact that children also need to learn how to put some love into their own wounds Right. I mean it's not for me as their parental will solve all their pain and their issue Sometimes the conversation is how can you put when you fall?  Or how you how can you solve your own problem? so This self self-awareness Self-regulation and perspective taking How does this how does this inform education of the future? We talk about critical thinking we talk about we should have more meditation we more creativity in schools But the number one predictor of how your child will do is How well you've understood your inner mind such that you can understand your child and if that's the case The person that spends the most time with their children is going to be us as the parent You we have a window of opportunity when our children are young to capitalize upon when those neural connections that are making those Deep grooves in their brain to make sure that the connections are the ones that we want and to think about What is the cost of all those misattuned moments for our children? So for the education views at the education of the future has to involve the parent We have to figure out how I have ideas on this Which I won't have time to share today, but how can we involve the parent and create the conversation? So there's no blame. There's no shame. There's no feeling of oh great. There's that's one other thing I have to do in my day How can we involve the parents in the education system and by the way the school is the best place? This having a school I mean there's different courses out there, but the school is the best place and how can we create a dialogue with parents? So they feel safe so they can share all the parts that they don't want to talk about behind closed doors How can we share that with them and share a new way of interaction so they can have really? extraordinary connected relationships with their children so That's that's what I have to share with you guys today And as we think about education of the future One thing that can certainly be helpful is having a actual school that can house and and I really do believe that if in line with not just everything we're talking about but a school of the future would involve something that is built in such a way that is sustainable environmentally conscious and Something that is in line with what we want her children to embrace and so I want to invite my husband to come up on stage with me for and He's going to be telling you all about a vision that he had a few years ago to build with shipping containers and Before I hand it over to you I don't know how much you guys know about shipping containers But I just want to give you the quick down and dirty with them if you I mean I'm sure you've all seen shipping container construction, but personally we think it's one of the coolest mediums to build with what you've got is Really strong court and steel containers that are designed to be stacked nine high and sail the seven seas of these things are termite resistant Mold-resistant earthquake resistance fire resistance there When you stack and rack them you can increase their structural integrity their modular So you can continuously add to the size and the shape of it literally it's Lego blocks for grown-ups And so since he I guess told me he never had enough Lego when he was a child to make cool stuff Here you go. You can talk a bit about what you did I I'm Paul and thanks for the introduction Ria so back in April of 2009 I got the opportunity to go down to the Caribbean and Investigate a plot of land that we had access to that was near the University of West Indies The demand for students down there was quite high Sorry the demand for accommodation was quite high and we saw this as a wonderful building opportunity to or a vestment opportunity to undertake so I Was down there for a week and I was contemplating contemplating How was going to build it if I was going to build it at all and the option down there was concrete and block construction and I'm a man of the world. I I've traveled I Read what's going on in the world And one of the things I'm keenly interested in is sustainability and reuse and recycling and so and so forth I thought how how can we incorporate that into that and I remember reading some articles Some months earlier about shipping containers construction and a light just went off my head and I thought this has to be done so So that was in the April by the same September I would sold our house shipped everything down there and we literally started the process we break ground a few months later and You can see on the screen there. We took the delivery of our first couple of containers there I should mention all he's ever built before that was a deck a really epic deck, but it was just a deck I figured I knew how to swing a hammer so You know and again light rear said this is just Lego blocks for adults, right? So So I really mentioned why containers that these things are indestructible. They spend their lifetime on the back of a truck or a ship and For the intended purpose that we have here. They're really over designed so they're a good building material for the infrastructure of a building relatively cheaply acquired from the local port and It's just a matter of anchoring them to a concrete foundation and Cutting out walls and putting in doors and windows and all that sort of good stuff So So this building project was going to be well is 45 20-foot shipping containers There are 19 Studio apartments made with two containers where we removed part of the internal wall So the students can move from one container to the other and there are two three container units sort of a small two-bedroom type unit We There were Two separate days where we took to the delivery of the containers first day we delivered 16 the next day 33 it was a Representative with lots and lots of challenges during this project because like I said, I'm not a builder. I'm actually build software for a living but For example in this day we started out the first truck comes into the yard gets stuck in the mud I Had six trucks down the road all lined up ready to come in and no way to get the truck that was in the yard out of the yard So it was you know quick thinking. What do we do? What do we do? We managed to get a backhoe which came in and Plunked down a whole bunch of old bricks and stones and rocks so we're able to move on I Don't think I've ever deserved a beer more than I had After that one day to be honest, but it was a great day The first two units we pretty much dropped on the ground we considered our prototype apartment and Here we learned what we were going to do for the next 20 we Framed the inside with steel Studs you don't want to use wood down there because of the termite problems we Figured out what we're going to do with the bath from how we're going to run the plumbing up the back of the buildings or the Utilities electrical plumbing water hot and cold waste And the insides eventually Turned into something like this So put it in laminate floors tiled kitchen self-contained kitchen with the fridge microwave and The bathroom The regular stuff which you sort of saw on the previous photo shower sink basin. We even made all the beds Had a guy sort of fabricate them all on site And these things are going to be indestructible compared to what I might have been able to buy for the same price Down at the local furniture shop as We Cut various holes and various parts of the building I realized we had another opportunity to save money again and reuse for instance that the deck pan of the walkways were the Walls we cut out from the internal Apartments so we would cut out an 8-foot wall from the inside of the apartment cut that in half And that becomes the deck pan for the walkway All the locking rods on the back of the containers were removed and they became the railings for the walkway then Another thing we had to figure out was how what's the end result going to look like what and What are we going to put on the outside? We're just going to paint it. I kind of thought no because I don't want you know suburban You know this this suburban suburban area to be to look like the local port We could see the end vision, but sorry we could see the end vision But I mean it wasn't until we were kind of front page of the news And not in a good way that we realized that oh, I don't know if people like this So this was in Trinidad all they would ever had was containers that were sitting on concrete blocks not with an entire foundation and certainly not three stories high so It was the first time this was done in the Caribbean and it scared a lot of people and it upset a lot of people I think lipstick on a pig was the line that I heard online that really stuck with me and Hurt my feelings. Yeah so So painting them was was out of the option So I looked into a couple of options ultimately settled on stucco So first stage of stucco was to glue inch and a half a pile of starring the same stuff You would find in your fridge or freezer or chilebin This is gives you a great thermal barrier. So the Sun is not heating up the steel box and turning it into a sweat box so and on top of that you would put a fiber mesh layer onto the outside of the building in preparation for the final coat and The final product ended up looking like this so Here this is this is fully complete. We're open for business and People are starting to move in so the adoption of this has proved has has been very well received Being fully teneted for the whole time I've heard a father Looking at the units one day and he walked in he said well nothing but the best for my daughter And you know where do I sign sort of thing? So it's been well received by the by the local community and We've even had the UN approaches to put some thought into providing Accommodation slash community into Haiti and numerous other people have asked us for our you know Knowledge and how we can assist and whatnot so and Yeah, so there we go There you go one idea for the school the people Thank you so much. So About ten minutes so for questions or reflections five minutes Sorry, you may have have gone over this really quickly when you were showing the construction of how the the The boxes go together. So when when you take out a wall how do you Re-insert the structural integrity. We didn't remove the corners The corners of the main component that our structure structurally rigid So we left the corners that the posts alone and then you know Within a foot down from the we made the cut So you're just removing the the side panel and we only removed eight feet of it not not the whole wall So because the wall is still part of it, too, right? Yeah What's your vision for how you teach parents this these emotional skills? So what I what I've found as I've worked with parents there seems to be a lot of guilt and shame When that comes up and in a safe spot, they'll talk about the parts that are Difficult and challenging for them. So my vision would be you know in a school of the future From the time that it first of all, it's known throughout the community that from the time you're pregnant there's a place that you can go to get to get information on how because it starts right at birth really and What you can do to create a really connected attuned relationship with your child I would also like to see that, you know, there's a very disconnect There's there's a disconnection that happens when parents start school with their children It's almost like the kids the the teacher might be Trying to forge new relationships with people in the classroom, but the parents don't get that same opportunity I'd love to see Some buddy systems or little networks or groups that are created and in it everyone's able to share Through role plays and really One the way I get people to feel comfortable as I share my stories of where I've struggled and where I've got it wrong And where I did lose my mind and I did yell and scream and and then how I healed afterwards And there's something about that sharing that allows other people to feel safe when they when they hear it So I can imagine that if I had a group of parents and they were now about to send their kids to grade one And they had had no exposure on on, you know, conscious parenting and how to connect I would love to bring them to a room and try and imagine all the different Situations that have could come up or they could experience and I found that there's generally five big areas Like five main themes that come up that if they just understand how to handle like have enough opportunity to Handle those five situations. They can use their own parenting flair and handle almost every situation that comes up in a really connected way So it's not about, you know years of training here It's about giving them some really strong fundamentals and give them a chance to feel the words in their mouth. Yeah Thank you both very much for sharing your vision. Thank you


Brenda Might Longo fired from Generations, her contract was not renewed for this reason. Just a few weeks ago we heard of the news of the Soambidu's exit from the S.A.B.C.1 soapy and now it has been confirmed that Brenda Might Longo who plays the character of Nandi has also left the show. Speaking to Daily Sun the actress had explained that her contract was not renewed and the writers of the show would no longer be taken her character further within the soapy storyline. She was informed that September would be her last month of being on set. According to the publication, the actress expressed great disappointment that she would no longer be on the show. I was told September would be my last month as a member of the cast. Although it broke my heart, I remembered contracts are negotiated and sometimes they are not renewed. I was aware my contract wouldn't be renewed one day. According to Channel 24, Brenda is now focusing on her foundation Brenda Might Longo worldwide foundation and there are no acting roles for her at the moment. While on Generations I put my foundation work on hold but now I've gone back to it, she said. Brenda Might Longo played the role of Rafiki in The Lion King and she later joined Generations The Legacy in 2016 where she played the role of Nandi Mabasso, Jack Mabasso's wife.


Good morning everyone, myself, Dr. Nirmala Roy from SMS Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. I thank you, CTBus, for giving this opportunity to present my paper. The topic is incremental role of high-pitched prospective computer tomography in evaluation of pediatric congenital heart diseases and associated abnormalities. The prevalence of congenital heart diseases varies from 6 to 10 per thousand life-worths in India. Ecocardiography is initial imaging modality for assessment of the end diagnosis of CHDs. Three-dimensional imaging is particularly useful in diagnosing diagnostic investigation of complex congenital heart disease and preparation of complex interventional procedures and post-operative assessment of surgical reconstruction. MDCT has faster acquisition and high spatial resolution. It can show morphology of extra cardiac vasculature. National program, Rashtra Bhalswati Karikram also aims at early detection and early intervention of CHDs. The aim of my study was to identify role of prospective ECG-gated computer tomography in diagnosing CHDs with objectives to assess and compare accuracy of CT and trans thoracic ecocardiography in diagnosis of congenital heart diseases and determine sensitivity of CT in diagnosing intracardic malformation and extracardic grade vasculature malformations. It was a prospective type of descriptive study. The tools we used were chest x-ray, eco and prospective ECG-gated cardiac CT. The sample size was of 30 patients of suspected CHD. It was a five-month duration study. Inclusion criteria remained the patients of suspected CHD as diagnosed on eco and 20 patients were included in the study. The exclusion criteria was raised serum creatinine, chemodynamically unstable children and patients of with known allergy to IV contrast media CT protocol was non-contrast ionic agent was injected in peripheral vein at a dose of 122 ml per kg and at a flow rate of 2 to 3 ml per second followed by saline bolus. The results were age distribution, 8 patients fall in age group 6 to 1 to 6 months of age followed by 6 patients in 6 months to 1 year. Major anomalies been encountered were TAPVC in 5 patients out of which 3 had cytosambriquous, top patients were 6, Tungus arterios 1 patient, CCTGA 1 patient, DTEGA 2 patients, double outlet right ventricle 2 patients, double outlet left ventricle 1 patient, co-operational uterine 2 patients and 5 patients had PDA. 16 patients presented with apparent sinosis. Out of 20 patients, 13 were male and 7 were female. Two patients had right isomerism and one patient was each of cytos inverses and left isomerism. 16 had normal cytosolitis. In cardiac cytos, 16 patients had levocardia and 4 patients were dextrocardia. Systemic vein variations, 2 patients had double SVC and 1 had left SVC, 17 were normal. In pulmonary vein, 4 patients had TAPVC and 1 patient PAPVC. In pulmonary artery anomalies, 2 had dilated pulmonary arteries and 9 had erythritic or infernal pulmonary stenosis and aortic arch. 3 patients had right-sided mirror branching, 2 patients had co-operational aorta and 1 patient each was of left-sided aortic arch with evident right subclavian artery and right-sided aortic arch with evident left subclavian artery and 14 had normal. 2 had coronary artery variations, 6 patients had MAPCAS and 5 patients were of PDAs. Study included 20 patients with congenital heart diseases of both sexes. Chest sexes and eco-offee patients were noted for comparison. In our study, maximum number of patients were male, 13 out of 20 and 8 out of 20 were in age group 1 for 6 months. Most cases presented with clinically apparent sinosis, most common symptoms of frequent lung infections and infants and later failure to type and respiratory distress on exertion. Comparison between eco and cardiac CT, cardiac CT was superior to eco and diagnosing cytos, cardiac cytosystemic, vein pulmonary, vein pulmonary artery, aorta, coronary, MAPCAS and PDAs. Cardiac CT was as good as eco in diagnosing BSD, atria, ventricles and atrioventricular connections and ventricular arterial connections. Eco was superior in diagnosing cardiac CT in ASD. Cases, male chair presented with sandwich spell and dyspnea, we can see right perpendicular volume overload and D shaped IV septum and right atrium dilated. Membranous VSD, aorta overriding, narrow, right and left pulmonary artery and incandibular pulmonary stenosis. So this was a classical case of the tetralogy of fallow. Four month old female child presented with pneumonitis ASD, common AV canal, pulmonary artery, pulmonary veins draining into left atria. Then RVOT and LVOT from the left ventricle and left persistent SVC. So this was a case of double outer left ventricle and double SVC. Again, this is a case in which we found co-actation of aorta pre-ductal and relative narrowing of RPA. Then there was a progressive decreasing diameter of descending aorta. Then tubular shaped PDA can be seen and in lower lung fields, we can see ground plastic and consolidation. So this was a case of pre-ductal co-actation of VDA and suspicion of mid aortic syndrome. 18 month old female child presented with retina respiratory infections. We can see large inlet VSD in fundibular pulmonary stenosis and RVOT and LVOT having origin from the right ventricle. Then we can see a small LPA and PDA and dilated aortic annulus. Then this is the PDA and there were multiple MAPCAs. So this was a case of DORV PDA and major mid aortic aorta pulmonary co-actress. 18 month old boy pulmonary veins were prominent. Then there was a common origin of aorta and pulmonary artery tancas. Then a right-sided aortic arch with aberrant left subclavian artery, which traverses behind the esophagus. Common origin of both the cataract arteries and aberrant left subclavian artery. Tancas arch, so this was a case of Tancas artery rosin, right-sided aortic arch with AL-SEF. Common single atrium, then common atrioventricular defect with associated VSD. Then this is the pulmonary atriaesia and origin of aorta from the morphological right ventricle and due to the pulmonary artery. So this was a case of DTG dextro garden complete heavy canal defect. Then a male child presented with sinuses pulmonary veins draining into left atria, which was opening into morphological right ventricle. Pulmonary artery arising from the morphological left ventricle and o-rights the VSD. Then aorta originates from the morphological right ventricle and it is anterior and superior to anterior and left to the pulmonary artery and large membranous VSD. So this was a case of congenital corrected TGA. Two-month old male child, X-ray vacancy, dextrocardia and midline liver and a bilated trifalcate hepateria bronchi, right-sided aortic arch. Then pulmonary veins formed a venous channel and drained into the portal vein. Then dextrocardia and AV septal defect and complete absence of pulmonary arteries. So this was a case of right-sided isomersum with AV septal defect. Four-year old girl child with poor growth. On eco, we could see a left-sided cardiac effects and large VSD in common AV canal. Then both lobes, bilobs, bilateral, biloble lungs and bilateral bifurcated hepateria bronchi. Interruption or interrupted IVC with as I guess continuation into right-sided SVC. Antirefacing sinus gave the origin to RCA and LCX originated from the RCA and posterior phases sinus gave to origin to LMCA. Then left-sided liver and right-sided spleen and all the hepatic veins directly draining. Then the pulmonary veins are drained into a proximal chamber which was separated by a fibromuscular van. This was a classical core triatria. Then common AV canal and VSD and interrupted IVC and hyperplastic pulmonary arteries. So this was a case of left-sided isomersum with other associated findings. And again a 10-year old female child with respiratory distress. We could see a thombus and LPA. Then pulmonary atreasia with PDA. It is a volume image of this case. And posterior phase in sinus gave origin to the single coronary from which the LMCA originated giving rise to LMCA. RCA originated from the LMCA in this volume rendition image. Then spleen on the right side and left side liver and left LVC and SVC and IVC draining into left-sided rectum. So this was a case of sinus inverses with other associated findings. Conclusion. Congenital heart disease are fairly common in India. Maximum number of cases present below one year of age. X-ray and ecocardiography at good initial screening modalities. Cardiac CT angiography provides detail of pulmonary artery and its branches. Presence and absence of major aortic pulmonary collateral arteries. Coronary artery anomalies, aortic arch anomalies, adhesion findings of the lung pentagram and monikage. Cardiac CT angiography is useful in alternative to cardiac catheter angiography especially in pediatrics. Due to its non-invasion as a high sensitivity and specificity, it gives aggravated important information to treating cardiovascular surgeon to plan surgery accordingly. Thank you. These are my references.


What is up guys, KarmaMedic here and welcome back to another dose. Speaking to the channel, hi my name is Nazir and I'm now a third year medical student studying at King's College London and in today's video I'm going to be doing a real time study with me. You guys can follow along as I go through the reproductive section of my USMLE step one test book. A little birdie told me that this is going to be a long one so I hope you guys have got your snacks and your coffee and as always before we begin a study session you need to put your phone away. I'm going to put mine under my bed far away from me out of reach so that I don't want to check it. Alright and without further ado let's get this thing started. Attention to pregnancy is potentially dangerous to the mother and the baby so hi everybody and welcome to our mom. Alright I think that is it for me guys, I have done more than enough studying for today. I'm completely drained, completely exhausted, definitely not absorbing any more information right now so it's time to stop. I haven't done a study session this long in quite some time now so hopefully it was able to help you guys be a little bit more productive, help you get something done that you needed to get done and yeah I just hope you found it useful. Alright guys and that is it for me, I'm going to go do something fun, I'm going to reward myself for all the hard studying that I've done today and I will see you in the next one. Peace.


Hi everyone, Joe for jaspyscasebreaks.com coming at you with a random number block randomizer for the following teams right here For pick your team 30, which is coming up in a little bit Remember all the non numbered cards, which could include a Kyler Murray Right there which conclude that Kyler Murray non numbered auto is going to be randomized to one person in one lot at the end of the break I'm sure everybody read that part and That's how the usual number blocks work right there. Alright, so big. Thanks to these folks here There are the numbers right there. Let's roll it. Let's randomize it six and a three Nine times for each list eight and Ninth and final time Jared Emerson down to ZP Zach Paul Nine times for the numbers one. Good luck two three four and Ninth and final time after nine times. We've got three down to nine All right, Jared Emerson with three Ryan s with six and five Adam with zero Leonard with two Adam with eight Jared Emerson with one Leonard Jacob with four Ryan with seven Zach with nine so Adam cupperman You'll get any and all redemptions for those four teams right there including one-of-one redemptions Jared You'll still get live one-of-ones. All right, let's sort by a column B So just to clarify just because there's important teams here a Kyler Murray redemption One-of-one redemption would go to Adam cupperman a live Kyler Murray one-of-one autograph goes to Jared Emerson a Non-numbered Kyler Murray autograph would be randomized to someone in this break right here along with all the other non numbered cards There you go. Joe for Jaspies case breaks calm. I'll see you for the break


I grew up in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, which was a wonderful upbringing, but I always dreamt of the big time. And my parents had both gone to the University of Alabama, so I was an Alabama fan, role-tied at a young age. And when it was time for me to go to school, I wanted to leave Mississippi, not go too far, and I went to Alabama. Well, my original plan was just to have a really good time. And so in my first semester, I majored in political science and I did not do well. And so I had to rethink. And so I got an elementary education because I thought it would be easy, and they gave us a test to see if we had similar likes and dislikes to elementary school teachers. And I did very poorly. So they called me in and used me as a project for a graduate student to help me find what I would really like. And it turned out I loved business, and I loved fashion, and I changed my major. And it's been the right road ever since.


What is going on everybody? It's Stas here. Welcome back to another video. So in this video we're going to be doing an overall market update, taking a look at the Dow Jones, the S&P 500, and the NASDAQ. We're going to be doing a brief trading update on what I did today on the 18th of April in 2019 in terms of my trading. And we're also very briefly going to be talking about some stocks and ETFs that I'm keeping my eye on here for the rest of this week. So before I do get into that guys, I want to let you know typically every single Sunday, and I'm sure a lot of you that have been following me know this already, I make a video on stocks that I'm watching for the upcoming week. And I typically take requests from you guys, the viewers, the subscribers, you know, of a couple of stocks that you're watching that you want me to talk about, right? So if you have any ticker symbols drop them down below on this video, just leave a comment very quickly right now if you want to on any tickers you want me to talk about in Sunday's video. And if you're also in our group chat free link down below in the description box, you can put it in the call out section in that group chat and I'll look at it and then I'll talk about it on Sunday's video. So now that I got that out of the way, let's just hop into what the market ended up doing today, starting off here with the SPX, the S&P 500, the 500 largest publicly traded United States companies. So we see ended up closing the day here up $4.58 to be exact, up 0.16%. Nothing too crazy. We ended up closing under that level of resistance at about $29.05. We'll talk about that here in a couple of minutes. The Dow Jones ended up popping up very aggressively today to be quite frank with you all up 0.42%. So a pretty strong green day here, up $110 on the dot for the Dow Jones industrial average. And the NASDAQ guys, it's currently up $26 up 0.34%. And if we hop here to the one day one minute, we can see exactly where it ended up closing at 4pm. So it does seem like it did end up pushing up here a bit after hours. We ended up closing about eight points lower from where we are now. So give or take 18-point green day on the NASDAQ. And that's a good sign, guys. We're pushing back up here. It seems like we want to retest that all-time high that we did hit yesterday. And it seems like a good continuation of the uptrend. We hit all-time highs, pulled back, tested that 50 SMA as a support, which has been a support. And now we're popping up to retest the all-time highs. So hopping back over here to the SPX, we've been talking about these two levels on the S&P 500. One of them being $29.05. The other one being $29.15. These two levels are very, very critical and they're very important to look at in terms of where the S&P 500 is. And really why we are looking at these levels is because they've been strong levels of resistance for the overall index. And where do we derive these levels from? Well, if we look back a couple of months ago, we can see the $29.15 level was a support from back in September of 2018. And whenever a support level is broken beneath of, like we saw here, it becomes a resistance. Very, very simple. And the next level is around $29.05, which also happened to be a support from back in September of 2018. And actually, I was wrong. This was the support from back in September. It was the $29.05 level. The $29.15 level was actually a resistance from the end of August of 2018, which again, we popped above that resistance, made it a support. And when we broke the support, that obviously became a resistance. Again, so all you have to know is these two levels, that is where we're fighting right now for the S&P. And if we just hop in a bit closer here, we can see exactly what I'm talking about. We talked about this in yesterday's video. We topped at about $29.15, got rejected, retested at the next day. This was on Wednesday, right? Wednesday, we retested it, sold off again. We actually broke the $29.05 level of support on that day, making it a resistance. And today, guys, take a look at what happened. We ended up gapping up a bit in the morning and we got rejected at $29.05 on the dot where we ended up selling off. We made a lower low at $28.93 from the previous, so we can see the bearish pattern here over the past two days on the S&P. Then we popped back up, retested the $29.05 level, briefly broke above it to about $29.08. Then we ended up selling off towards the end of the market where we ended up closing right around, honestly, that level of resistance at $29.05. So right now, guys, overall, on this five-day, five-minute chart, the SPX is looking a bit bearish, right?  But the fact that we did close a bit higher here, that's a decent sign that we do want to pop up. But the fact that we closed a bit below the $29.05 level, that is still telling me we are a bit bearish based off of these past three days. So for this upcoming week, guys, again, we don't have the market open tomorrow. We have a long three-day weekend here in terms of the stock market. But on Monday, what I'm going to be watching is quite simple. Are we going to potentially sell off and get rejected again by this $29.05 level and maybe push to another lower low? Are we going to maybe crack below this level, which is the lower low that we're talking about? Are we going to maybe get to the $28.80 again? And at that point, if we do do that on the longer-term charts, on the $184, that is going to be the confirming factor that we need to see if we make that lower low on the smaller-term chart for us to get closer to the $50.00 SMA that's been a support over the past couple of months. And if we do end up pushing it to the $28.80s, guys, that's going to be, in my eyes, the beginning of this correction on the S&P 500. So that's what I'm looking at in terms of a potential pullback. Let's say we pop up on Monday. Who knows, guys? That could very well happen here. We pop up. We're going to be looking at the $29.15 level of resistance, which has been a resistance, again, over the past couple of trading days. And if we break that level of $29.15, that's going to be pretty much a one-stop shop to the all-time highs that we see here from back a couple of months ago at $29.40 and $0.91 on the S&P 500. So those are a couple of things that I'm watching on that index. The Dow Jones, very simple, guys. We've been talking about this over the past couple of videos, how the Dow ended up breaking out of that $26.400 level of resistance. We maintained it as a support for Tuesday and Wednesday of this week, if I recall correctly. Tuesday, Wednesday, we maintained that old resistance, which was a resistance, very clear. We popped above it. We maintained it as a new support right exactly at $26.400. And today, we actually popped up and we actually formed a higher high here. We tested $26.600, and it's looking like we are filling that gap that we've been talking about up to $26.700, $26.800, that rough general area, which is the next resistance that we're looking at in terms of the Dow Jones. Now, for this upcoming week, are we going to push up, test that resistance again up to $26.700, $26.800? Are we going to potentially break out of that level of resistance and test the all-time highs, which really are a stone's throw away from where we are right now, guys. Literally, about 400 points are, that's all we need, really, to get to those all-time highs at about $26,951. So, drop a comment down below. Let me know what you guys think about that. Are we going to get to all-time highs in the Dow? We already saw, we hit all-time highs again in the NASDAQ this week. Is the Dow Jones next? Is the S&P next? Let me know what you guys think there down below in the comment section. So, let's talk about it very quickly about the NASDAQ, what ended up happening. I kind of already summarized it a couple of minutes ago, but we ended up pulling back from the all-time high that we hit at $77.33. We tested that 50 S&P support. Very good sign that we made a higher low. We want to continue this uptrend, and now it's looking like we want to retest that all-time high again. So, very brief, very simple. For this upcoming week, are we going to break the all-time high, which again is a resistance right now, right? Are we going to break that all-time high, make a new all-time high, or are we going to double top here, which is a possibility, right? It may be retest that 50 S&P, that 76.30 level of support, which was an old resistance here. We broke above it. It's now a new support. Are we going to retest that level on a potential pullback? These are some things running through my mind that I'm watching for the NASDAQ right now. So, that is really the overall market update, right? NASDAQ close to all-time highs, the Dow close to all-time highs, quite frankly, the S&P and the whole entire market, right? It's just close to all-time highs right now, guys. Keep an eye on that. And in my personal opinion, what I'm doing, right, I'm approaching this with caution, right?  I'm being a bit more cautious. And for those of you all that have been following the videos, you probably have gotten a sense of that, right? Because I haven't been trading an insane amount recently. I've been sticking to solid companies here. I've been sticking to charts and patterns that I understand, like Apple, right? And we'll get into that here. These are just what I've been sticking to, right? And in terms of Apple, we might as well just start talking about the trading update at this point. Apple, if you guys watched my video yesterday, I was talking about how I was most likely going to take my profits on both of my swing trades. And in terms of Apple, guys, I actually ended up taking my profits, believe it or not, once we cracked above $204 today, right? And this is mostly because I just wanted to lock in the profits before the three-day long-term weekend that we have, you know, heading into this week. And I wanted to reevaluate these positions on Monday to potentially reenter, right? Is this a smart move? I don't know, right? This might be the complete wrong move, right? This could end up popping up the 207, 206, 208 next week, where I'd miss a lot of profits. And I'm okay with that, right? Because, again, I'm up on this position, right? I just want to lock in those profits. And hopefully, we end up pulling back and retesting 200 this week, or next week, rather, where I can end up getting back in, right? So for all you guys that have been following, you know, you might not know this, you may know this, but I was in Apple from around the $197.40 to $197.50 level. And if we just see a quick, you know, how much money I made in terms of percent, you know, I made about a 3% profit here on a three, four, five-day swing trade. And that's not a lot of money to a lot of people, right? That's not that big of a gain to a lot of people. But for me, I'm cool with that. You know, I'm all about the consistency, right? And again, I'm cool with that. So I wanted to just lock in those profits, right? And maybe if we pull back and retest, maybe 201, 200, maybe if we retest this 50 simple moving average, that could be an entry point on Apple for this upcoming week. And another thing that kind of worried me, it's not too crazy, but the RSI is a bit overbought here, right? We're almost at the 70 level. Excuse me, we have earnings here in the next 10, 12 days. So maybe I might even wait till after earnings to get into Apple because we do expect, you know, iPhone sales to be down, the earnings report for Apple, it's not really expected to be too great. So I kind of want to see how this reacts to that in terms of what the stock does, you know, the investor, you know, the trader sentiment out there, how the market feels about it. This is something that I want to see in terms of their earnings report to be quite frank with you all before, you know, hopping back into the stock. But that's pretty much it. The trading update really just took a 3% profit. And for those of you guys that watched my video yesterday, I was talking about how I was most likely going to sell out of AMD as well, which is exactly what I ended up doing, right? And we talked about how AMD has been trading in this horizontal pattern here over the past couple of days. It's really having, it really hasn't gone below 27 dollars. We noticed the support here, here. We retested it yesterday. We honestly retested it this morning pre-market. We popped up and we see the resistance at about $28. It's been really hovering in that range. And I've been telling myself and writing in the chat talking about it in these videos, how I want to see AMD above $28 before adding more money to the position, right? That was my initial goal. And the fact that we haven't been getting there, it's been fighting to get over there. I feel like the bears have been taking over every time it tries to at least hold a little bit above 28. You know, I just wanted to liquidate the position, take the small profit that I did have and wait till next week. And again, AMD is another one of those companies that's reporting earnings, right? I might just wait till after they report earnings, right? Because I don't know what the stock's going to do. No one knows. And I don't want to be in a stock that, let's say their earnings aren't that great. They end up going down 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 percent. You know, I don't want to really be a part of that. So let's just see on the one day, one minute. I actually ended up getting in or out rather, believe it or not, at 28, or not 28, 27 and 80, right? I literally saw this big pump up and I was telling myself this morning, this is my opportunity to just get out with a very small profit. And that's what I ended up doing, guys. Ended up getting out of AMD was in it for about a week at about $27.40, roughly was my average cost. Again, I wanted to add more money if we held above $28. We didn't hold above $28 at all for this week and for, you know, the latter half of last week. So I just ended up, you know, getting out of this position. No big deal. Profit is profit, again. And I'm just going to reevaluate it if we do end up, you know, holding 28. But most likely, of course, I'll let you guys know in these videos, most likely I'm just going to be waiting after they report earnings. And for those of you guys that don't know on think or swim, it's very simple. You can see when companies are reporting earnings by simply looking down here, right? You see this little, it looks like a telephone, actually. No, I think it's a bell, right? That's a bell or something like that. That if you hover over it, right, you can see earnings conference call on $430, $430.19. So I guess that is a phone if it's saying conference call. But that's how you know when companies are reporting earnings, right? If we go back over here to Apple, we can see the exact same thing. We hover over it $430, right? So Apple and AMD, they're actually reporting on the same day on the 30th. And that's not next week. That's probably the Monday of the following week, which is going to be a pretty crazy week towards the end of April because we do have a lot of the big names reporting. We have Google, I believe Google's towards the end of April, maybe beginning of May. But nonetheless, these next two, three weeks, guys, you know, Google, Amazon, you know, I believe Microsoft as well, of course, Apple, these big name companies that have a lot of weight on the market, that have a lot of, you know, what's it called? What's the word, guys? They have a lot of impact on the market. That's the word impact. They're reporting earnings. So keep an eye on those. So let's just briefly, guys, talk about a couple of stocks here. Again, I'm not going to spend too much time on this because typically on Sunday, I'm spending more time on, you know, talking about the stocks that I'm watching. But let's just do a quick little recap on a couple of ETFs here that have been getting hammered down, maybe opening up some opportunities. So one of them is natural gas, guys, natural gas. It's not the ETF itself, but we trade an ETF combo, you guys and D gas, right? So D gas, you can imagine, has been doing very well because D gas is an ETF that goes up whenever natural gas is selling off. And you can see natural gas has been nothing but a downtrend here over the past couple of trading days and hit a low of 247.8. So maybe this upcoming week, if we do start to see a little push back up for it to retest that 50 simple moving average, this could be the opportunity to hop into the inverse, which is U gas that goes up whenever natural gas is going up. And that's the beauty of these inverse ETFs, guys. You can play one for the downside of a future, right? In this case, you can play D gas on the downside. And then when it potentially finds a bottom and it starts to push back up to test, you know, old resistances, in this case, you know, the 50 simple moving average, you can play the inverse, which in this case is U gas that goes up whenever natural gas is going up. So I'm watching and waiting to see, are we going to maybe see some buying power here? Are we going to push up near the R size extremely oversold right now? You know, we're pushing down to the 11, 10, 11 range, which is insane. So keep an eye on that one for this upcoming week. And another thing I want to mention, guys, these futures, they're going to be open tomorrow, actually, we're going to see, you know, how this movement is tomorrow. And, you know, maybe if it does end up popping up, we're obviously going to miss that, which is why I don't, you know, because D gas and you guys won't be tradable. But that's why I don't want to, you know, set too, too much of an expectation because a lot of things can change from now to Monday, right? For all we know, this can pop up, hit the 50 SMA and already make its move back down before Monday, and we're going to miss the trade at that point, right? For those of you guys that know what I mean. So another one that's been battered down is J-Nug, guys. This one's absolutely unbelievable. You know, we saw the nine support, we thought it was going to hold. It broke. I called the next support at 850-ish, 848-50. We broke that. Now, honestly, the next place we can see it potentially going is going to be around 750, maybe 760 at that point. You know, maybe if we see a reversal in gold at that point, maybe we'll see a little bit of a support there on J-Nug. And if gold starts to head back into the 1280s, J-Nug, again, which is an ETF that goes up whenever gold's going up, that can pose a pretty decent opportunity at that point, right? So let's see a couple of other ones you know. Really, I am watching AMD and Apple to be completely honest with you guys as well, even though I sold out of them. Of course, I'm watching for reentries, like I said earlier. I want to see if gold and natural gas are potentially going to recover to play the bull ETFs. And that's really all I'm gaining and looking at right now, you know, from the data that we got in today's session. So I don't want to keep you guys too long. I'm going to end off the video here. Drop a comment down below, again, if you want me to talk about any specific stocks or ETFs in the next video, I would love to do that for you. And if you enjoyed this video, feel free to hit that like button. It really supports me and supports the channel in general. And if you're new to the channel, guys, I have two links down below in the description box. One of them being the Discord, the other one being the Facebook group. Both of those are 100% free of charge. And while you're at it, subscribe to the channel if you're new, guys. Why not? I'm posting a lot of stock market content investing, trading, personal finance, updates, news, all of that stuff dealing with the stock market is on this channel. So I hope you guys enjoy your long weekend. If you're celebrating Easter this weekend, I hope you guys enjoy your holiday. I'll catch you all in the next video. Have a great one. Peace out.


Welcome, and thank you for viewing this presentation. This is a project briefing on the Naval Postgraduate School's Athena Project, a collaborative research tool for the Naval Education Enterprise. Narrating this presentation are from the Dunley-Ox Library at the Naval Postgraduate School, Associate University Librarian Edward M. Corrado, and University Librarian Tom Roscoe. That's me. The views and opinions discussed in this briefing represent those of the individual presenters and not those of the government agency for whom we work. This project briefing will explain what Athena is, who is involved, and give some background. We'll give a project update providing development history, progress, and challenges faced. And finally, discuss future work, next steps, and conclusions. So what is Athena? Athena is a student-originated project at the Naval Postgraduate School, being developed in collaboration with NPS, the NPS Foundation, and industry partners. Athena is an online collaborative research discovery tool that allows researchers, sponsors, and leaders across the Naval Education Enterprise to access and query information currently stored in numerous separate databases. Completed in ongoing research projects, as well as potential future research projects, are organized into communities of interest, and then presented to potential researchers based on their education, military occupational specialty, and expressed research interests. To its mission, the Naval Postgraduate School provides defense-focused graduate education, including classified studies and interdisciplinary research, to advance the operational effectiveness, technological leadership, and warfighting advantage of the Naval Service. NPS is a graduate university offering masters and doctoral degrees and more than 70 fields of study to the U.S. Armed Forces, DOD civilians, and international partners. Primary areas of study include science and engineering, information science and operations research, international defense studies, and defense management, with all research and education focusing on military and defense applications. The school has approximately 2,500 students, with 1,500 students in residence, and 1,000 distance learners in degree programs. In addition, NPS offers executive education and short courses to over 10,000 students per year. The student body is made up of primarily mid-year, mid-career officers, most from the Navy but also representing other branches of the military, with some civilians and international students. NPS is located in Monterey, California, just south of San Francisco and Silicon Valley. School is run year-round on a quarter system. Almost all graduating students produce a thesis or capstone project for their research. Most of this work is unclassified and submitted to NPS's open access institutional repository, though some projects are classified and restricted. NPS is part of the Naval Education Enterprise, NEE, which can be viewed as a consortium of the United States Naval Universities, which include the Naval Academy, Naval War College, Naval Prosgraduate School, and the newly created Naval Community College. For purposes of Athena, we should also include the United States Marine Corps University, which played an important role in supporting Athena's early development. In today's rapidly changing world, the importance of education and the ability to understand, create, and share knowledge has increased. This is also true of the military, and the importance of managing information and sharing knowledge are key components of military education. Naturally, a library plays an important role in supporting this. At NPS, the Dudley Knox Library administratively consists of the Dudley Knox Library, Graduate Writing Center, and Thesis Processing Office. The library has a staff of approximately 20, not including the Writing Center or Processing Office. The library has approximately 1,050 print titles, about 700,000 electronic resources, and about 170,000 serials in print and electronic. The library receives approximately 1,000 visitors per day, and has a growing number of virtual resources and services available. The library also manages CalHoon, the Naval Postgraduate School's institutional repository archive for research materials and institutional publications created by the NPS community. The repository currently houses approximately 63,000 items. The library also has a classified facility, Restricted Resource Services, which in addition to print materials manages about 2,000 restricted electronic theses. The NPS Alumni Association and Foundation supports NPS by funding defense innovation research and supporting both student programs and NPS initiatives. They prepare our next generation of military leaders to best serve and protect our country. The NPS Foundation has played a key role in helping to shepherd the Athena project. Most recently, the Foundation has supported the technical development of the project, managing the software development and industry engagement, with the ultimate goal of having produced a viable version for handover for testing and implementation at NPS. As a collaborative research discovery tool, Athena allows users to browse, search, filter, and view completed, ongoing, and proposed research across databases. The system consolidates the projects and then provides users curated collections of research sorted and filtered by topic. Completed research, ongoing research, potential research, researchers, research sponsors, and resource consumers are matched based on key words and other attributes, including the user's expressed personal preferences. The objective of Athena is to leverage the untapped potential of thousands of technically skilled and operationally experienced officers at the Naval Postgraduate School and attending in-resident joint professional military education. Linking this researcher capacity to service headquarters and fleet research needs will provide insights about how to overcome our most complicated challenges, while simultaneously sharpening the officer skills and ensuring that these future senior leaders have early exposure to the complexities of service level concept and capability development. In addition, Athena will help the larger Naval Research and Development establishment and Naval leadership stay abreast of research trends across disconnected organizations and to track an individual researcher's trajectory after his or her graduation. In its development, Athena leverages the Microsoft Teams platform because of its collaborative functionality and Teams current widespread adoption at NPS. As was mentioned, Athena was a student-originated project. It started as a student thesis project and began in 2019. Early on, it had support from the Marine Corps representatives at NPS, as well as Marine Corps University, and the attention of MCUs and NPS's bosses. Athena originally leveraged data from NPS sources. These included our institutional repository CalHoon, where student theses are published, our homegrown student information system Python, which houses thesis topics, and NPS's research database of funded and unfunded research projects. In addition, the original data included scan theses from Marine Corps University. As the project has progressed, it has both focused on refining how data could be pulled from the various NPS data sources, while also looking to expand and connect to data sources outside of NPS. The library, as well as NPS's central IT unit, ITACS, has been involved in advisory capacity from early on, with the library contributing expertise particularly related to discovery and metadata. The following slides will show a few screenshots of the original wireframe and original working beta version. Thank you, Tom. Although in some ways Athena has similar goals to an institutional repository, the goals of an IR are only one part of what Athena hopes to accomplish. Development of Athena has so far focused on using data from CalHoon, because it is available in public release, but there are other potential sources being considered in the development of Athena, including research performed at the Marine Corps University and other DoD universities, Naval Research Laboratory, and items deposited at the Defense Technical Information Center, or DTIC. For those that don't know, DTIC is the repository for research and engineering information for the United States Department of Defense. As mentioned earlier, NPS has an institutional repository operated by the library that we call CalHoon. CalHoon is the Naval Postgraduate School's digital repository for research materials and institutional publications created by the NPS community, including completed theses and dissertations, technical reports, scholarly articles, and more. But only those that are approved for public release in unlimited distribution. We do have items that are not public release, but they are managed separately due to their restricted status. Notice that I mentioned that CalHoon contains completed works, which is true, of course, of most institutional repositories. This is great for its purpose, but NPS, NEE, and the Navy, and the DoD as a whole, also have a need to understand what research is in progress, not just what the completed artifacts of research are. The information may be stored in various systems, such as a database containing descriptions of funded research or the thesis tracking system used at NPS that contains approved thesis topics. We also want research funders, sponsors, and military leadership to be able to propose topics that they would like studied. This is being developed through what we're calling communities of interest in Athena. Communities of interest can be any relevant interest. It could be undersea warfare, unmanned systems, or oceanography, for examples. One of the key strengths of the communities is it will be a virtual place for researchers and others with similar interests to connect with each other. Researcher profiles may include research interests and past experience that may be helpful to other researchers. When I went to library school, I took a reference class. This was back in the days before the internet was really a viable information source for most things. The professor asked, what was the most important reference resource? Various students in the class guessed different things. Was it social science index? Was it dialogue? Was it the card catalog? How about an encyclopedia? No, proclaimed the professor. Instead, the professor said it was the phone book. Finding the right person to provide information to help you answer a question is a key, especially if you are looking into something complex. However, what if you don't know who to ask or where to look? We are hoping that the researcher profiles in the communities of interest will help with this. We often get asked at MPS who is researching X or who knows about Y. We hope that a combination of the communities of interest in the researcher profiles will help answer these types of questions. Perhaps it can be kind of a new version of a friend of a friend for the Naval Education Enterprise. We don't know for sure, but we hope it will help and connect in people with similar interests and people with experts that can help them with their research challenges. The DOD also needs to connect research problems, research sponsors, and others with researchers. However, with such a large organization as a DOD or even just within the Naval Postgraduate School, this is virtually impossible since no one knows what everyone's done. How many people listen into this talk? Think they know what all the faculty at their institution are researching or that they could even answer that in a matter of days if they were asked. Maybe at every specialized or every small institution, this could happen, but I would say at 99.5% of universities it just isn't reality. One of the ideas here is to help students also choose thesis and dissertation topics that are focused on Naval or DOD needs. This will ensure that relevant research is done that is important for the Navy, but also for the future careers of our students that are military officers. Another goal is to have news feeds from various sources that are relevant to different communities of interest. This can be current news, new research, and other relevant information. Right now we're in the process of gathering which new sources to include and are also investigating how to include them. One of the challenges with current awareness functionality from the library perspective is how do we provide access to license resources? One part of this is how do we curate them? That could easily be a full-time job in NSOM. Is there a good way to automate all or at least most of this? The next part is how do we provide access to them? If Athena was just for MPS that maybe wouldn't be as big of a problem, but our licenses to scholarly content do not include access to the whole Navy or the whole DOD, we likely could provide titles, impossibly even abstracts from past experience. We know that users from outside of MPS will want access to items and will expect us to be able to provide them. So is it better to not include items that are behind a paywall? Or is it better to include them? We haven't quite decided yet as there are good arguments for both ways but it is something that we're thinking about. The current interface for communities of interest is still being developed but this is an example of the community's tab from an earlier version. As you can see people can join different communities. They can also browse all communities. It may be that in the future we need private communities but we're not quite sure yet. We will see how researchers use it in the future and then determine what their needs are. The purpose of this presentation is not to give an overview of the specific technology being used because the goals of Athena are agnostic to it. However, I did want to point out that Athena is being developed with the Microsoft Teams environment in mind. MPS is an Office 365 subscriber and therefore we have access to this platform that supports the social interaction features that are a key component of Athena. Using these built-in features should make this part of development go much smoother and faster and also it will be familiar to many of the users. While there are various data sources being considered for Athena, one of the key ones is Calhoun which uses dSpace and we harvest the metadata from dSpace for Athena. Currently this is a one-way street but I can envision some updates of metadata happen in Athena that will want to migrate back upstream into Calhoun but this won't be part of version 1.0. We also have a homegrown student information system that includes thesis and dissertation tracking module as well as other information about users such as which curriculum they're molded in and these will be leveraged for Athena. The original wireframe in alpha version of Athena was developed by marine students with some support from our central IT department. For various reasons the MPS foundation is now taken charge of the development with the goal of transferring it to MPS once it is completed. There are weekly project meetings with different stakeholders and also there are special meetings with experts or leads in certain areas. For example, I have had multiple meetings with the foundation development team about metadata and how the metadata editor should function in what features are needed. One of the aspects of this project that the library has been most closely involved with is metadata. The MPS foundation hired an undergraduate computer science student from a local university to work on metadata related portions of the project. I think she quickly learned that metadata and keywords are not nearly as straightforward as she might have thought. I think another challenge for her as it is for me sometimes my lack of service in the military is that many of the terms are specific to the military. Because of this looking at keywords, taxonomies and other metadata related terminology from other institutions may not be that good of a match. It's maybe does not guide you as much as you would think it would or maybe as it would in other situations. One thing that is being worked on is a simple to use metadata editor that community champions who are not necessarily library and information science professionals can use to simply edit, add and assess keywords. They also will be able to move them into different broader categories as appropriate. This is still in development so I don't have any interest in screenshots or a demo to show you but it will only be open to certain people who will be provided some level of training in that we trust that they will only adjust metadata as appropriate. But we are still working on some approval and review mechanisms as well as coming up with some policies, procedures and best practices for modifying metadata within Athena. The descriptive metadata in Calhoun from our theses and dissertation collections like at many places is a mixed bag. We have some fields that are rather consistent and controlled and others that are more freeform and inconsistently applied. Mostly this varies with age of the thesis. While new fields are occasionally added they are not retroactively added so you know we just don't have the staff to go back and update the metadata for older theses and dissertations or for other content for that matter. You know a less is something that can be done in bulk. More on this in a minute. We also have a need for ongoing metadata maintenance and creation of metadata. We need sustainability. We think this is where the community of interest champions can play a big role. We also hope to be able to leverage domain experts including students that might be available for temporary duty assignments after they graduate but before they are transferred to their next position or if they arrive at NPS before their classes begin. Returning back to existing metadata here's a screenshot of the typical descriptive metadata that we have available. For more recent theses is in dissertations we have pretty good categorical data but that I mean things like advisor service discipline degree department and the like. What we don't have is any subject information other than author supplied keywords. These as you would expect varying quality and usefulness some are great some just repeat the title and like author supplied keywords can be sometimes they are more author focused than they are user or reader focused. That said while there are some limitations to author supplied keywords they still are valuable access points and can inform indexers that are assigning controlled vocabularies. We found about 50,000 unique words in our theses in dissertations with the help of domain experts including two former provosts and some stash students who happen to be US Marine officers. These have been cut down by about 60% by one of the people hired by the foundation. That's still a lot but it is beginning to narrow down. One of the things that we hope to come out of this list of known or preferred keywords is that future students can pick from them when assigning third keywords. Aneodotally we hear that some students struggle with picking keywords and we believe having a curated list will help them while at the same time helping users of Athena to discover research on a given topic. Since we have only been working with materials out of our IR so far for the first release of Athena, we haven't really worked much with metadata from other systems. We do know however that this may be a challenge as some of the sources have no descriptive metadata at all and some may have a controlled vocabulary but it's at a very high level that is not specific enough for our needs but one step at a time. This obviously is going to be an ongoing challenge. If we get it right at this moment in time it will need to be continually updated as time goes on and as we add new data sources. You can't do this once and it will be solved forever. Librarians of course are aware of this but it's important to keep this in mind when discussing projects such as Athena with others stakeholders who may not be actively thinking about the ongoing support needs of metadata. Also the military has many unique acronyms in terminology so some level of domain knowledge will be necessary to move this forward in the future. One of the challenges that we have with many projects at MPS is a class of cultures. We have a military culture, an academic culture, a government bureaucratic culture and in many cases including this one also industry and entrepreneurial cultures. While having people with a diverse set of workplace cultures has many benefits can also lead to some challenges. One of the main challenges we have is the language used to describe things. We talk a little bit about this when covering metadata but this challenge is also apparent when working together on a project. That said we have tons of good people that have a shared goal and it's working out and it will work out. There's also a push and pull related to open access versus restricted access. While academics in an academic reward system often rewards openness sometimes there's a push not to make things so open. How we will deal with this in the future is up in the air but for now access to Athena will be restricted. Currently version 1.0 is in development. We anticipate it being available for a small set of people outside of development team to start testing in the next few weeks and then it will be more open more broadly to users in early 2022. The early testing will let us know where we need to put more resources. We don't want to share it too broadly too quickly because we need to get the feedback to make sure it meets the minimal expectations of our users. If we share it too soon we're afraid that people won't come back when it's more fully developed. We see that Athena is an ongoing project and we are looking at ways to ensure that it's sustainable over time. The people involved all believe that Athena feels an important need and if that is correct we are sure that ongoing support will be available but we need to lay the foundations to make that happen. As you know with almost any technology project you can't just build it once. There's a need for ongoing development plus a need for metadata support and of course user support. Implementation of version 1.0 as I mentioned is expected in early 2022 and then we're going to start working on adding other database connections besides Calhoun. We need to connect it to our research database and some other databases. Of course there'll be the continued challenge of open access versus restricted access just how open should Athena be and also what about restricted resources that are either classified or have other restrictions on our distribution. And of course who knows what the future will bring and what other future possibilities there will be for Athena. We hope this project briefing was interesting and useful. We believe this work is important and could have wide breaching applications while Athena is focused primarily on the needs of MPS in the Naval Education Enterprise at this point. We believe that Athena could be useful throughout the DOD industry and in academia. It's quite clear from my standpoint that the library has a lot to offer a project such as this. Metadata is key to making this work and while there have been some experienced programmers involved with Athena I think they were a bit surprised to learn how complicated descriptive metadata could be. Librarians have a lot of education and experience in this area to offer Athena or any such project. Thank you for listening and please reach out to us with any questions comments and suggestions. All along the process employed has been very thoughtful inclusive and iterative. There have been many other projects that we've been involved with but few have been on such a thoughtful path so we have been pleased to support. And we see the potential in the tool itself as well as potential benefits from other developments such as the metadata editor. Also it always helps if you can call on the U.S. Marines.


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