of the day greg your listeners and and if we all decide look the hell with it we couldn't be bothered it's too much trouble we want our cheap flights we want our suvs etc etc if we're not prepared to make any changes okay and and we've decided we're just going to run with the system as it is that's fine make that conscious decision that's your choice yes you you better live with that decision and when when the hard rain falls then you need to sit your kids down and say listen daddy and mommy want to tell you uh we we knew about this stuff but you know what we just didn't care yes but john we live i get you but we live in a country and it's not just us it seems to be every country individually that everything is a threat to us and our children externally you know what i mean it could be the movement of people it could be policies it could be nothing is our fault we talk about what could be coming down the line yet we live in a country with so many young people in poverty so many young people harming themselves so many young people with mental health issues but instead of talking about that we talk about what could happen to them from other people you know it's like don't look here look over there and we're doing it the same we'll blame someone else for what you're talking of i fear unless we really change how we think i don't know john i've really enjoyed speaking to you thanks for your time pleasure great bye bye john john gibbons environmental journalist there and as i say you know i know there are many of you listening that think it's all gobbledygook and then there are others that think that this is the biggest threat to us and i'm not sure how that all breaks down uh out there uh but i do think we're a million miles away from us really thinking right we have to do this now because as i said to john there and i think you might as well say the quiet bit out loud we look around us we look around the world we see what's happening in ukraine and you should go well why should i start burning turf or why should i uh my petrol and diesel cuts cost an absolute fortune or why should i have to burn uh this type of of coal whilst you know the fires are burning everywhere else in the world and i just don't see that being sorted until as i said to john there there's some sort of a global thing that goes on but that's not going to happen anytime soon so we're going to still having this these conversations that pop up now and again and uh not much really changes but your views pleased to 08 660 25 000 what's apps and texts 08 660 25 000 if you're listening outside the republic 0035 386 60 25 000 and uh you can give us a call to an 07491 25 000 okay i need to take a break because i'm about to pull on my wellies i'm gonna don my overalls roll up my sleeves take out the marigolds the marigolds my watering can and i'm going to step into the garden with paul please join me in the garden after these the county's number one talk show the nine till noon show on highland radio the nine till noon show with letter kenny credit union simplify your debts with a debt consolidation loan from letter kenny credit union call us on<PHONE_NUMBER> or apply online via our app or in office today dunig all county council invite the public to participate in the first public consultation for the letter kenny southern network project at the letter kenny public service center on thursday 18th of may from 12 p.m until 8 p.m the project aims to develop the transport network south of letter kenny town see the project website lsnp.ie for more details with july only around the corner we would like to invite you to i motors 232 sales event on the 19th 20th and 21st of may in letter kenny with special offers available across the weekend call up and test drive any of our kia range and find out why kia is dunig all's best selling brand live broadcast with highland radio on friday free pizzas all day saturday and refreshments available all weekend check out our full range at i motors.ie hi david keeling here at keelings we love to work in harmony with mother nature which includes protecting our little friends the bees this is the third year of our keelings great rewilding initiative helping to create natural habitats for pollinators to flourish look out for a great rewilding punnets and store to claim your free native irish wildflower seed pack or visit keelings great rewilding dot ie for more details keelings love to grow for great value in suits visit wantson menswear in letter kenny top labels like rima sumo white label specter and daniel grail for the finishing touch there's also a great choice of shirts ties and fruit wear extra reductions for all wedding parties at wantson menswear open seven days a week on main street better kenny see wantson menswear dot com highland radio time checks with expressway travel route 32 from letter kenny to doblin when you book online and travel for less expressway bringing you the time ass the time is chaos o'clock the time is 23 minutes past 11 uh paul mcgloughlin of balakdair garden centre joins us in the program uh on the program now paul good morning to you how you getting on good to have you with us any crack no i was quiet now just that garden season's kicking off a kind of soda yeah the bedding plant season finally here now any ambiguity out the window mm-hmm we're in summer yes officially in summer you wouldn't think it today not only logically speaking but from our perspective i think we're in summer starts from the people that look at maps and models i think for us to tune but anyway who cares it's the 18th of may yes where is the year going right okay so uh bedding plants what are bedding plants bedding plants are generally annuals they're like three flowers you put in this time of year and they will continue now flowering up to halloween the real sort of impact plants for the garden they're short lived but it's a very spectacular life that they'll have in terms of bringing color to the garden and everything yeah and the frost i mean it's actually was one or two degrees three degrees in some parts the last couple of nights but still the threat to plants has passed us now would you say it really has unless you get an absolutely sort of a look of a thing if you know what i mean but uh but not if the most part it definitely has passed and uh we're starting to see people out in the gardens i love it the mower the sound of the mowers although you know some people obviously don't want to mow but you know what i mean exactly i know it's good to see people out and about you can't say anything anymore now i feel like it's almost mowing the lawns the dirty word yes you have this no more may campaign i know i've said nothing till you hear more all right no more may that's a good excuse i like it uh just don't do it june maybe i might do that too right so what's the benefits of bedding plants then uh bedding plants once again just bread really sort of that's the sign of summer you see the even tidy towns groups villages everything looks brilliant at the minute pubs and restaurants have all their flowers out so it's just real high impact colour for the few months of the summer what about location is that important location is fairly important generally the first consideration probably you want is to actually put them somewhere where they can be seen very well in the sense that you have these spectacular looking blooms where you want everybody to enjoy do they need direct sunlight direct sunlight not particularly however they'll perform better in direct sunlight any flowering plant generally uh the more sunlight gets the better flowers generally so at the well do all right and a bit of shade but you'll get a far better display and fall some yeah and even though it might not be cold as such wind is not necessarily bedding plants friends no absolutely if you get a sort of sudden summer storm can obviously break them off and stuff but even a cold one even someone like today can sort of stunt their growth a wee bit so generally but if you think there's storm coming or even a very breezy day if you have the ability to move your pot or your underbox move to somewhere a more sheltered location yeah but not to the point where you can't enjoy them because the whole idea of this is especially in more difficult times is to to a bit of a color give yourself a lift you know tidy up uh you know around the house a little bit so i mean they are pretty easy to grow and relatively sturdy aren't they they are very easy to grow all right like there are a few steps you can take look enough to get the best out of them but generally just if you if you keep them watered they'll reward you yeah and it's just like uh we were the conversation about the lawn you know that there are your standards uh but people if they want to sort of say right this is maybe you know more favorable to pollination you can consider that can't you in the choice of plants yeah funny in the last few years there has been a move people are sort of more conscious of what your traditional bedding plant they're all hybridized to sort of get the best out of the flowers and generally some of them weren't particularly good at providing nectar that but there are more on the market now people come back to older varieties that are actually much better for nature so if you pick the likes of the buddhans there or someone like even the marigolds would be very good for actually pollinating in the next year you get the best out of your garden and you're helping your pollinating friends too now we haven't seen much rain the last week and we're not going to see much rain for the next week we're going to get some misty rain the occasional shower but for the most part for the next week it's going to be dry this is the food for these plants isn't it yes absolutely and like i say if you do nothing else if you keep them watered they will survive and they will grow happily enough so it's very important to keep an eye on the water especially at a time like today's dull you don't automatically think that they'll be dry but the wee breeze there doesn't belong drying them out especially someone like hanging baskets because they're stuck up in the air so they're catching all the wind and how how often over summer would you add feed in uh generally add feed from the start you'll be whenever you're doing up your baskets or whenever you're buying your baskets they will have a certain amount of feed in them but because you want so much out of it it's a good idea to replace the nutrients as you go so product like miracle grow or tomato food every two weeks yeah and when do you deadhead them like when is it a deadhead yes a deadhead one of the flowers starts going backwards like it's just come it's done the flower and it's what i call it started fading backwards if you nip that flower off it's starting to look a little bit worse for where exactly nip nip him off and what you're doing there you're removing the seed from the plant so the plant goes on i've lost my seed i'll produce another flower yeah so it'll keep him flower so the sooner you do that the better than obviously at the right time as well and it also is the benefit where as a lot of time the sort of older flowers fall down into the middle of the plant and can actually sort of look on slightly and they can cause mold you yeah by removing them you're just keeping that ring tidier all right okay now is there anything we should be looking out for on the plants of the going out watering them that that could bring them back particularly bedding plants of course pretty much your the biggest thing for bedding plants is your petunia something like that there'll be green fleet green fly or white fly would both attack them so it's just if you get into the habitat regularly water you'll sort of pick up them sort of infestations or any problems that's come along with your basket so the earlier you see them the easier they are treated all right okay and how do you treat them washing up liquid spray washing up liquid spray of the garlic spray as well wd 40 w 40 some people abuse that around the top of their pots for slugs actually wd 40 for everything i'll tell you if you ever get lamps you're particularly in older cars wd 40 is amazing for for anything that's black but if your lamps on your car are missed you know when it gets that white mist on it spray wd 40 on it leave it for five minutes scrub it off it's amazing what it does i've seen people doing that with toothpaste as well well wd 40 is the way to go but toothpaste might work i don't know but i'll tell you maybe we change your toothbrush yes i don't use the toothbrush are we are we sponge but it's amazing how dependent on what's causing it can bring them up okay anyway i don't know why i was talking about that but just thought i'd mention it someone go out there now if your lights are fogged over do you know that kind of white mist that's on them get the wd 40 go out spray on give it a rub and come back and tell us how you get on 08 660 25 000 right paul most vegetables in tunnel and glasshouse are being eaten away soon after germination despite using antipoder and slug pellets cucumber in particular and some others are eaten back to the stem any advice and all solutions please advice or solutions and if they've been eaten back to the stem chances are it's nothing insects doing it's most likely slugs yeah so maybe sort of be be sort of if you're using slug pellets you do get organic slug pellets and then they're based on salts not on the oil poisons that it used to be so just sort of be vigilant if you can go out even just as it's getting dark with torsion that's when the slugs be most active sort of physically remove them as best you can and just sort of if you're using slug pellets keep up with the slug pellets then you should be all right what about wd-40 not many jobs but so it really is a case of physically sort of saying there you go pretty much some people would do a thing called companion planting in terms you can put in sort of plants that are more attractive for the slugs yeah you could actually plant some nasturtiums in your tunnel and slugs are going to actually go towards them first and maybe so that'll sort of attract them away if you know what i mean too but just vigilance probably is the key but i'd say it'd be most likely slugs yeah we were talking or it's been on in the news this week about a wonky veg that we go into the shops and we expect our carrots to be orange and straight and clean and the same with other vegetables you know or potatoes they all have to look a certain way aesthetically pleasing i suppose it's crazy when you think about it isn't it you'd wonder what's wrong i don't think i'd have any problem with a bent carrot what about you yeah it's not absolutely like for somebody who grows a lot of stuff like january you take a carrot into the ground you bring it in the first thing you do is chop it up so whether it was straight or bent doesn't really matter much at that stage yeah but i think i think it's uh i think they maybe the shops need to trust us but do people maybe they pick through the stuff and go oh that's not very nice quite probably some market research 20 years ago decided that everything had to be straight yeah a certain size we're in a cost to live in crisis though so i think you know they need to give it a go anyway speaking of carrots growing carrots is it okay to grow carrots in a polytunnel yes perfectly okay to grow carrots in a polytunnel they do quite well and you can actually start them a lot of people are starting carrots are that now april may we're in a polytunnel you could start them probably february so you'd actually have a wee jump start on the year but now they grow perfectly well right okay um i have a very old i have a very old pink rose it's got lots of black and brown spots on the leaves what is it what to do uh january it's that's a thing called black spot that comes on roses it's a sort of fungal infection so it is um you do get sprays for it sort of your multi-rose something like that they'll be quite good but this year if it's an old rose chance that it'll stand up the infection so a good feed at this time of year sort of the healthier the plant is the better it can stand up to the infection but at the back end of the year whenever sort of the flowering season's passed cut it back well and it's very actually important uh the black spot the spores from it fall in the ground and even any dead leaf running line on the ground so it's very important actually clean up properly around the plant remove all that stuff and keep it away from the roses and that should stop it sort of reinfecting next year all right my hydrangea leaves tips are dark yes quite common this time year for the hydrangea leaves especially in older plants what has happened there probably is we touch a frost early in the year but um shouldn't do it any harm in the wide world are there any do's and don'ts about spraying weed killer where we live a farmer man openly walked the field with a back sprayer we have young kids maybe the spray not dangerous but he had a mask on and look at it's not just the farming community i saw uh um someone walking up and down the road with a mask on full gear on yeah spraying on the footpath or alongside the footpath now obviously kids running the grass or dogs i don't know what they're spraying right we don't know that's the problem but you can understand as we become more aware when people see them fully suited up spraying weed killer you know what can you do about it we don't know what's in it what's your what's your comment on that given the limited information yes well limited information but that's supposed to complex issue in terms of once again getting back to your sort of wonky veg like farmers tend cause they're expected to produce this perfect stuff that's tend to have to eat some chemicals and stuff like that you know so probably they have to think suppose it's good good to see that the farmer to an extent was protecting himself using the mask and that in terms of property and services of course being a good neighbor to actually be good to inform your neighbors of what you're spraying and what for and if you wanted them to know what it was yeah okay but um generally a lot of chemicals a lot of weed killer stuff once they actually hit the ground and dry they're sort of actually in the end at that stage if you know what i mean but obviously you need to know what you're dealing with i have a dog who keeps ripping up the garden and chewing at young fruit trees is there anything i can put on the garden and trees to deter the wee bugger from doing it um well it's most it depends most uh the way of doing it sort of not you do get sort of chemicals or they're sort of based on essential oils stuff that are supposed to deter dogs and cats i've seen them working with varying degrees of success what a lot of people would use for animals sort of to get them out and out but if the sniffing about pitcai and pepper than more of this pepper spray i'm sure those people use bot colors as well i know there might be a little bit controversial i don't have a dog so i'm not responsible for their yet but generally if you can break the habit yeah before he's going he will actually maybe if he's young dogs well once he grows up he may grow out of it you'll realize it's not really much fun okay could you ask paul if there is any substance which can be applied to ivy to kill it off i've uh i've grown through a garden fence i can't get at the roots to dig it out so is that the neighbors or i don't know maybe it's yeah just not accessible pretty much ivy would be hard to kill um there are a few a few different products available you get sort of brushwood killers that would actually be used in briars and stuff like that so it's because it's a woody sort of thing if you know what i mean but uh someone like that their ideal thing would be just sort of keep snapping it off and stuff yeah often sort of you can spray onto the end of it that makes it die back as such there are a few products all right but to be sort of to be fairly harsh if you know toxic stuff would be yeah yeah okay uh look out for hedgehogs and feed them cat food they'll gobble up all the slugs yes very good point actually a lot of more people are getting on i've never seen a hedgehog uh funny i've seen a couple or yeah so they go but not uh hedgehogs very i mean if i was waiting on a hedgehog to land to sort the problem out yes unfortunately you know what i mean another thing people are actively trying to attract to the garden would be frogs he do it slugs and stuff you know so but a wee patch of water or something actually and create a habitat like that but like you see i wouldn't want to be depending on him no no you wouldn't my two apple trees were in bloom now blooms are gone the leaves are black what could this be um it sounds like a sort of a blight or something like that i don't know if you know i mean there's some sort of fungal infection so you would be able to get sprays for it i probably feed the three at this stage might sort of bring them on but as as the sort of flowered a few those a few harsh days of wind which can sort of turn the turn the leaves backwards a bit so hopefully i feel he might snap out of it but once again take pictures and bring it to your local garden centre all right advice as best they can paul thank you very much indeed well thank you very much it's been great having you in again and as usual answering all of our questions um and you got to mention garlic spray which is always good chicken poo not featuring as much this year as last year but the season's on yet exactly i so i think i've actually along those lines of a new one for you okay don't ruin it all right okay all will be revealed is it a poo yes oh it's very exciting but it's not a chicken poo no no no that's very exotic well next time next time paul is on the show he's going to reveal to you the loyal listeners of the nine-tailed noon show a brand new poo which will be one of his key recommendations in fertilizing your plants so don't miss it okay we'll be back with more on the nine-tailed noon show shortly but for now paul mclaughlin of balak dirt garden centre thank you very much indeed watch the show live now on youtube facebook and at highland radio dot com the nine-tailed noon show is brought to you by letter kenny credit union digital loans now available apply online or via our app today and get your loan transferred directly to your current account this friday around the northwest will become in life from i motors in letter kenny for their start of their two three two sale event this weekend you will have the opportunity to sample and see the new stock for july registration from kia and nissan we will also have some great music chat and some fantastic giveaways join us from 12 for the launch of the i motors new two three two registration seal weekend they say knowledge is power so the more you know about your personal finances the more power you'll have over them now all the knowledge and power you need is right at your fingertips with the ccpc money hub free impartial and comprehensive information calculators and tools to help you learn more and take full control of your personal finances get to know the ccpc money hub at ccpc.ie forward slash money from the competition and consumer protection commission join the team at homeland letter kenny on friday 19th and saturday 20th of may for in-store paint weekend enjoy exclusive offers in store on both dates and you can talk to our expert julux color consultant from 11 a.m till 3 p.m on both days meet special guest the julux dog on saturday 20th of may from 12 till 2 p.m and speak with her experienced paint center team with a paint mixing service available in store visit homeland.ie for more information tommy marron here writer of it's the real mccoy and three hill marys join me at on grain on letter kenny for my new show celebration ardent saturday may 27th hilarious sketches sing songs and so much more celebration ardent on grain on letter kenny saturday may 27th book on 07491 20777 or on grain on dot com okay you're very welcome back to the program and we're going to talk now about simply so bits the national youth entrepreneurs of the year overall business award winners for 2023 and the people behind it join us now abbey boil good morning to you abbey thank you very much for calling in thank you very much for having us great it's good to have you in uh also amy hegrity good morning amy hello good morning and ifa smith hi ifa hello good to have you with us and jay mcclean's the program officer with froiga uh thanks very much for calling in jane thank you gray all right amy i'll start with you talk to us about your product and how you come to feel that there was a gap that needed filling there um well we first came up with a product when we were uh asked to do a product for our school christmas market and we were just kind of talking and brainstorming ideas and we came up with the idea of soap um the one has ever done soap before in our markets in school uh so we just researched then from there and the whole business developed then yeah and ifa talk to me about the soap what's different about this soap um so our soap uses a goat's milk base which is something that you know is uncommon um so goat's milk is high in vitamin e which is highly moisturizing and very good for the skin it creates a good lather and it just you know separates our soap from other soaps in the market excellent and abby i love the packaging as well because you know you sell things with your eyes as well as you know trying and testing the product aye so we did a lot of research into other handmade soap companies and we noticed a common theme of a simplistic natural theme to the packaging so we selected a monolistic font and design and it really just helped boost our product for what it is simply soap and the brown paper as well just emphasizes the the naturalness of it yeah and a bit of consideration to going into the scents so that it's you know not gender specific presumably yes so we have a six scents so we have we offer lavender lemongrass manila and then for a more masculine scents ocean breeze and citrus mist and we really wanted to focus on making sure everyone could enjoy our product so that was a important focus for us and Amy this was a long journey against an awful lot of people to get to where you got today presumably you never thought that you would achieve this level of success no definitely not um i think we just got this far because we really enjoyed it like we we just enjoyed every second of it you know we're three best friends and um i think we definitely wouldn't have got this far a little own win if we didn't enjoy it as much yeah just to put it into context simply soap won the title after competing against over 6 000 young entrepreneurs from all over Ireland through a series of local county regional and semi-finals with a total of 186 local competitions taking place leading to 30 regional finals and uh it's not the journey's not finished here because it now goes on to represent Ireland at the European Youth Entrepreneur Awards in Austria later this year i mean Eva what a journey you said all went on incredible like it's it's amazing to think like back in September when we got into ty when we were first told about you know creating a business it's incredible to think how far we've come just together and through the nifty froiga prop or program which was let out in our school you know we're very grateful to it to be a part of it you know and it's just been an unreal process all in all and was there a lot of sort of tech kind of happy stuff that you're up against you know i think that might be what a lot of root what i'm trying to get at is it's i think it seems nice that it seems quite a traditional business that has come out on top is there something to that um i think it's just how authentic we are as a group you know we've we know the ins and outs of our business we're very you know down to earth and i think it's how we present ourselves as much as our product ourselves you know and we're just yeah very lucky to work so well together what about what what is the future abby for the for the company though because you know you've hit on something here it looks like it could be in any shop in the country do you know what i mean this is not this is not something that you're imagining this is something that's actually happened so are you producing it to scale at this point do you plan to do it where are you at in terms of the actual business so we are currently we are producing a scale in scale we currently have 150 soap in our stock and we're looking to be located in killy bags and come summer there are 29 cruise liners docking in our town and we are planning on tending the markets held for these cruise ships for their crew and passengers and this will be a great uh opportunity for us to get our product worldwide because they're coming from all over the world these cruise ships and we hope to sell well at them and it's a we're very grateful this opportunity yeah nami is this something that you want to stick with as a team um you know as as as as an actual income is it possible that you can do that and continue with your studies oh definitely yeah it's um it's great like we love making them and it's just it's a very nice product to be able to sell and we're just grateful for the opportunity to be able to sell them is it a complicated process to create them and we don't need any you know you don't want to give the competitor as any clues here right but is it a complex procedure or once you've sort of gotten it down yeah it's not too complicated i mean it was complicated at the start you know we went through a lot of trial and error um at the very beginning when we were just experimenting but now that we have it all down it's easy enough and how environmentally friendly is it in terms of its impact on the environment how it by uh how it degrades or biodegrades uh was that an important element to all of this for you um well we first of all we buy off an irish company so small footprint like it go ahead yeah what's next um we also we use paper as our packaging so it is biodegradable all right a furnace is that part of the business ethos as well um definitely i mean soap in itself obviously wears away biodegrades itself so it's definitely been something that we've thought about you know from the start and yeah i say we're glad to have something that's environmentally friendly as well because it's obviously a very topical issue at the minute and it's something that's being brought forward to and just more emphasis on it all the time so all right okay well let's bring jane uh mclean it's mclean isn't it i mean i try not to say anything obvious but we all talked about soap jane and i'm sure i'm not the first person to point that out yeah yeah no i know what you're saying but i think the girls here it's like if i was called greg mcradian do you know that yeah um i suppose the difference with the girls is that they're exceptional their product is exceptional it's a full blown thing isn't it yeah yeah their delivery and their presentations along as you said they're the presentation for for their and house competition their regional finals their semi finals the national finals and the next step for the girls now is that they go to austria um to compete in the european finals in september so they didn't get this far without being exceptional in many many different ways and they were up against as you said over 6 000 young people um the frug and nifty program is an international program the nifty managed um uh frug and managing nifty within ireland but it's an international program so it's all over um america asia india it's all over europe um so it's a it's a it's an internationally recognized program i suppose and the girls have just done uh amazingly well to kind of get this far i'd imagine everyone at st katharine's vocational school in kilibag's really really proud of what they've achieved because they have uh it's it's a project but it is a business and you can see with the language that they use and and and what they're achieving that they they have gone all in on this yes exactly yeah no the school have been extremely supportive and the school have facilitated nifty for many years and they've a fantastic teacher miss falerton um who's a great support to the girls as well and um you know it's her her first year um with nifty and she's just been absolutely amazing so we're we're delighted the school are amazing great school to work with all right abby when's uh when is the austria trip later this year and i use all going yeah but you're a team you have to don't you yep the three of us are going in this september and we just can't wait it was a it was a very foreign concept come september when we first heard about maybe going abroad and the fact that we're actually going to be going on the strip it's amazing but you know to borrow a phrase from from katie taylor i mean you want all the belts now uh i mean you know why not you know you've you've got this far why not go and win the the bloody thing yeah not amazing we i suppose at the very very beginning we didn't even imagine us getting this far so it's just brilliant opportunity and we're very happy to have it well okay when's on the cards yeah exactly anything you want to add as we wrap up jane yes i would just like to say that um i suppose we were there on tuesday and doubling in the in the richmond barracks and we had 28 businesses from all over ireland that competed um for our four top awards and nifty throughout the year the girls um won obviously the the main one but there are four all together but i'd also like to say a huge congratulations to um skull warabong krana and um the carolina community college who also won two awards so dunagall got three out of the four awards so we flew the flag very high in dunagall on tuesday so i just want to say congratulations to everybody all the young people um and dunagall that have done nifty throughout the year they've been absolutely fantastic yeah and our young people never cease to amaze me they're amazing okay listen um is it going to have to have to hook up with us when you're out in austria so try and remember that okay well beforehand and afterhand okay because i think you've i mean it's a huge achievement already anything else now is gravy right abbey boil amy hegerty ifa smith and jane mclean all four of you thank you very much for joining us uh continued success and thanks for making the trip on thank you thank you all right back with more shortly the 90 noon show with letter kenny credit union now offering mortgages from 40 000 to 600 000 euro with no hidden fees or transaction charges letter kenny credit union 9102127 join mike denver and guests live at the abbey hotel dunagall town this friday the 19th to sunday the 21st of may friday four hours of dancing with jimmy buckley and band mike denver and band and billy mac saturday the 20th it's kean rosnian band mike denver and band and shane black sunday the 21st of may afternoon dancing with mike denver and band from three to five p.m tickets at the door for each show our wide range of 2023 scooters are going fast this is the sound of the brine family getting their powerful diesel kodiak and this is fully charged for yona driving away in her electric scooter enyak and this is the sound of someone who didn't place their order in time order your 2023 scooter today before it's too late scooter made for ireland your local scooter dealer is dmg motors klarod dunagall town telephone 0 74 97 21 396 or visit dmg motors.ie mexico oh amazing but what about italy could be lovely or vietnam norway india there are so many places to go and one place you absolutely have to visit travel wise you can find up to date travel advice for almost 200 destinations and get information on safety visa requirements and more all online and don't forget to check your passports and dates know before you go visit dfa.ie forward slash travel wise an initiative of the government of ireland now exciting times as we talked to tony forester ceo of the letter kenny chamber because yesterday the chamber launched his business awards in castle grove these are the 2023 business awards tony good morning to you good morning greg here we are again another year and another exciting event to unveil and it's really about getting voting so talk to us about the awards tony yeah so um we're delighted i can't believe another year has passed really um delighted to launch them yesterday and with our we've we've kept our key sponsor air grid from last year as well and they're with us for another few years so that's really good news um we have 16 categories this year so two two three extra last year um and that includes a few like um outstanding small business young person young business person of the year which is brand new and workplace of the year so we're trying to to sort of make it as wide as possible so that any type of business could apply i'm looking for a radio presenter of the year it must be uh come here to i'm looking down the the list and people need to go to letter kenny chamber dot com forward slash uh business awards looking down the list too it's great to see the level of support and sponsorship you have for the various brilliant categories it just shows the real buy-in from the community too and also the credibility and profile of these awards absolutely and we've had some of some of our sponsors our category sponsors with us from the beginning and that's probably nearly 10 years ago so they've seen the value of it for their brand and obviously they want to i suppose um support the success of businesses they have out there and at the end of the day we're a business community you know we're we're an ecosystem of our own and um we really that that's downtown to employees that goes down to everybody not just the owners of businesses so it's really important um that we have those the support of of the larger companies in some cases in some smaller businesses they support our awards every year yeah and uh there's best new business award hiding the radios the sponsor there you mentioned young business person of the year workplace of the year hall of fame business person of the year and so on and i think too uh you know not across the board to a great extent it's still relatively difficult trading conditions and there's a lot of competition out there between you know multinationals internationals and online and a lot of these businesses that will be nominated do operate in those spaces as well don't get me wrong but i think it's really important that the public out there you know we often wonder what can we do that doesn't cost us anything well back your local business nominate your local business if they mean something to you and get them uh get them hopefully into a a short list and who's to say where it could go from there because it's a badge of honor that that business then can wear for the entire year and beyond it certainly is and we had a net Houston speaking yesterday from FM services about that very thing that they use their they use their application as they get their staff to help do the applications for the awards but then they also use them for marketing purposes and for purposes of doing tenders so people will often ask you know what what awards have you won and then a county chamber business awards is one of them and and putting all that out there it's such such a good thing for a company to do how important is it is do you think that the businesses park there you know sometimes we can be a little bit we can be a little bit shy to shout from the rooftops of what we're achieving so how important do you think it is that businesses do pot themselves forward so they can be in the reckoning i think it's really important i think it's really important and and this is one of the things we're always trying you know put yourself forward because you know your business best you know why you're brilliant and one of the questions we have every category has about four questions and one of the questions is why should you win and if i talk to businesses and face to face they could tell me everything about themselves and they're brilliant they are but sometimes they're a bit frightened to go forward um but we've found last year with some of our our highly commended so we get three per category and the winner and two highly commended they were they were going out there telling people they were highly commended and as well which was really good yeah and i suppose as an asset as well you know there's a night out at the end of this and i like the i like the business yeah exactly i like the business through irish reward as well because it's not surprisingly sponsored by lin linra linra letter kenny but it also kind of you know again if you are a business that does business through irish uh you know what a brilliant marketing tool again so throw your name in the hat for that one there's a full list of categories and then the the voting process is there a public voting element to this and we know that well yeah what happens next is we ask businesses to nominate themselves on the forum and we then that's open until the 14th of july and then we our judges will look at the short listing for that and just based on what they got in and we hope they will send out an independent judge or judge probably on zoom actually to talk to people and then they come back make their final decisions essentially but we usually what we do with the last three in each category is we usually put it out to a public poll just and part of that's engagement you know and we do judges do take that into consideration yeah and everyone there i mean this is all done a lot in social media so you'll you'll see a post coming up all the sponsors tagged um and everyone who's involved tagged so that we want the businesses to come september when the short lists go out the businesses will start talking about themselves as well we love to profile them and i know last year you did great work with us on profiling our businesses when we got to that stage as well now there's a many many categories and and i'm sure all businesses will find a space in one of those so get nominating yourself and and just in terms of and in the last 30 seconds from from where must your business operate to be included it you can be anywhere don't it go leaner letter can in the Irish business your Irish is the only one letter Kenny and you do not have to be a chamber member to be involved in this anyone can apply get your name in the hat okay brilliant stuff i'm sure we'll talk again just to remind people as the deadline closes just to make sure everybody gets an opportunity to nominate themselves but for now Tony thank you very much indeed okay thanks Greg and we'll talk about when the the event is happening as well Tony Forrester CEO of letter Kenny chamber there thank you very much for all of you who listened to the program those of you who watched the show great to have you on board we're back with you tomorrow morning from nine with the friday panel talking through some of the big issues of the week and of course michael and fenule will be in with us from 11 as well and that and so much more besides thanks to caroline and neve who worked on the show but for me great use and the team enjoy the rest


I want you to do a double whisking hand like this but now when you come back make sure that your hands are together like a rectangle and your knuckles are touching your elbow or at the same line as your elbow as we come back you go from left to right right over left left over right right over left so this is a variation of the technique whisking in both directions at the same time and then coming back to a double line so when you do double speed make sure your hands are relaxed otherwise you're going to get tired if you stiff up stiffen up your arms too much use a whipping action so you can get more speed and even more power okay so that is the fourth exercise


Welcome back to my channel and welcome if you're new here. My name is Jen I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and I'm on the WW or the Weight Watchers blue plan happy Monday It's Monday, so it's another meal prep I have breakfast lunch and a quite interesting yet shocking points versus calories dessert So I'm excited to share all three recipes with you So if you are here for another meal prep give it a big thumbs up and don't forget if you're new or you haven't yet subscribed I'd love to have you here hit the subscribe button and click the bell right next to it So you don't miss a single upload check out the description box down below for my recipes I'll make sure that I link the recipe website at the top of the description box So it's easy for you to get a hold of these recipes as well as all of the other recipes I've created check out nutrition coaching where I offer personalized to you Macros and calories highly highly highly recommend and if you want to chat with me directly I offer one-on-one coaching as well links discounts to everything I shared with you today As well as all of my other favorite things and my Facebook group head over and join us there are all linked down in that description box So we have three delicious recipes to make let's get started for breakfast this week I am making chocolate covered strawberry baked oatmeal I was inspired by this recipe I found online and then we loved those strawberry oatmeal cookies I made last week. So I thought that I would make a baked oatmeal for breakfast along those same lines So I'm super excited for this recipe. You are going to need some eggs Again, I'm doing chocolate strawberry. You can do any fruit any flavor. So I have some strawberries baking powder Cinnamon unsweetened applesauce Almond milk or milk of your choice. I have the Lakonto golden brown sugar. This is one of my favorites I will link Lakonto down below for you with a discount Lily's chocolate chips salt and of course some rolled oats I did go ahead and weigh out 50 grams of Lily's chocolate chips before we start putting together the baked oatmeal We're going to add three and a half cups of rolled oats to a large mixing bowl one third cup of the brown sugar alternative a pinch of salt two teaspoons of baking powder and a teaspoon of cinnamon Give that a quick stir. Just make sure that those dry ingredients get well mixed We're now going to add in one and a half cups of almond milk one-quarter cup of unsweetened applesauce and three eggs and Stir together I'm going to add in some strawberries. I'm just going to slice them in fairly good-sized chunks and add those in And Then I'm adding in my 50 grams of chocolate chips and giving that one last stir I went ahead and greased my eight by eight nine by nine baking dish I'm going to add in my baked oatmeal a mixture and spread out evenly We're putting this in a 350 degree oven for about 30 minutes or until the oatmeal is slightly crisp on top Baked oatmeal is out of the oven. This looks Incredible it smells so delicious. So let's go over serving size points and calories The baked oatmeal makes six servings each serving is seven points on the blue plan eight on the green and only two points on purple 281 calories This is going to be a large serving. You can see how thick my baking dishes and it is filled pretty darn close to the top So I'm just going to pair this with a protein such as eggs or turkey bacon and potentially a side of fruit So this is going to be breakfast For my lunches this week. I am making a smothered green chili chicken burrito Super super excited for this.  You could use breast or thighs whatever you prefer green chilies Cumin and oregano whatever salsa you like I like mine a little more mild and this salsa verde from Trader Joe's is so good light sour cream chicken stock green onions Light shredded cheese tortillas of your choice for the recipe points that I calculated It has to be a one point per tortilla and these La Banderita carb counter ones are my new favorites And they are only one point or 45 calories per tortilla minced garlic all-purpose flour Salt and pepper and some light butter. The first thing we're going to do is cook up our chicken I weighed out one pound on my food scale. I'm not going to season this at all I'm just going to get it cooked up so that we can shred it and add it to the burritos I went ahead and added a couple of cut-up green onions and the shredded chicken to a bowl We're also going to add in some cumin oregano One and a half cups of salsa. I'm just going to use what's left in this jar and One and a quarter cups of light shredded cheese and then mix that together to make our burritos You're going to need one of your shells a baking sheet lined with some parchment paper And of course your green chili chicken mixture. This looks so good We're going to put a big scoop of the chicken mixture into the middle of the burrito We need to make six burritos total. So just divide that mixture out Equally or as equal as you can into six burritos roll that up and seam side down onto your baking sheet Spray the top of our burritos with some non-stick cooking spray put them in a 400 degree oven until they are brown and crispy. Well, our burritos are in the oven We're going to make the green chili sauce. So in a fairly small saucepan here I have three tablespoons of light butter and I have my oven set to about medium eat once your butter is Almost all the way melted. We're going to add three tablespoons of Flour and stir that together Let that become a roux for about three minutes or so Then we're going to add in one heaping scoop of minced garlic stir that together and let that cook for about a minute Now we're gradually going to whisk in the chicken broth Until it is melted together with the flour butter and garlic mixture We're going to add in some oregano cumin salt and Pepper and then we're going to whisk this let this cook until it has thickened Once your sauce has thickened up Remove it from the heat and we're going to add in one third cup of light shredded cheese our can of green chilies The recipe calls for the four ounce can I actually bought the bigger seven ounce can just to give it a little bit more of that Green chili flavor. I love green chilies and lastly one half of a cup of a light sour cream So here are my burritos. They are nice and crispy and this sauce. Oh my gosh looks Amazing everything smells so good I am going to store them separately because I don't want to add the sauce to the burrito Until I go to eat it so it doesn't make it soggy Now if you're planning on preparing this for a dinner You would want to add these sauce to the burritos and then pop them back in your oven under broil to get them nice and Crispy and get that sauce nice and hot on top But like I said, I'm going to store them separately and then warm them up per burrito each day So here are my six burritos stored and ready for the week and then my creamy green chili sauce Oh, I'm so excited for this so each day. I'll pop out a burrito either throw it in the air fryer Or the oven to warm it up. You can even microwave it top it with one sixth of the chili sauce The recipe actually makes six smothered burritos each burrito is a five points on blue and purple and seven points on green Just because you have to count for the chicken 309 calories per burrito. I'm just going to add some fruit to this for a perfect Delicious lunch. You could pop in some vegetables, but this is going to be my main lunch for the week and I cannot wait For dessert this week. I'm making no-bake cheesecake. I can't wait for this It is five ingredients and no baking required and all you're going to need is a gram cracker pie crust Lemon juice one-third less fat cream cheese whipped topping of your choice I'm using this so delicious cocoa whip You could use fat free or light cool whip and sweetener of your choice as always I'm using Loconto monk fruit and again Loconto is linked down in the description box with a discount code In a large mixing bowl go ahead and add your eight ounces of room temperature cream cheese and your softened whipped topping We're going to add a quarter cup of the monk fruit sweetener and about a teaspoon of lemon juice And then we're going to mix this with our handheld mixer until nice and fluffy So there is our cheesecake mixture. It's nice and fluffy and ready to get added to the pie crust To the prepared gram cracker crust. I'm going to just scoop in the cheesecake mixture This looks delicious and spread it out nice and evenly Here's the cheesecake. We're going to pop it in the fridge Let it chill for a few hours until it is firm and that is it that is the simplest No-bake cheesecake recipe so for the cheesecake you're going to cut it into eight Servings and this is quite an interesting calories versus points recipe because cutting this cheesecake into eight servings It is nine points per serving on all plans. Now that is way less than regular cheesecake This is equally as delicious. However, it is only two hundred and nineteen calories per serving So quite interesting those calories versus points. So for my calorie counting folks This is a fantastic decadent delicious dessert and for ww This would be a great dessert to use your weeklies or your rollover points for but it is quite interesting as I always say Points versus calories. Thank you for joining me on another ww meal prep I hope you enjoyed seeing all three recipes that I made for my breakfast lunch and desserts for the week I'm still shocked by the points versus calories of that cheesecake That is exactly why I show points versus calories and have an entire playlist Because it can be quite interesting pairing weight watchers to calorie counting So if you enjoyed this video give it a thumbs up and don't forget if you're new or you haven't joined the community We'd love to have you hit the subscribe button and ring the bell next to it So we never miss a single video check out that description box for my recipes Nutrition coaching my Facebook group and links and discounts to my favorite things. Happy Monday Have a fan-tastic week and I'll see you Wednesday in my what I eat in a day. Bye friends


Welcome to the Hindu News Analysis by Shankar IA's Academy, displayed at the list of news articles taken up for today's analysis along with the page numbers of Chennai, Bengaluru, Delhi and Trivandrum editions. The handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of all the news articles taken up for today's analysis will be available in the description section and also in the comment section for the benefit of the smartphone users. Let us now start our analysis. This news article is about Nilgiri Thar, the syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. This news article states that the population of Nilgiri Thar has increased in Mukurti National Park. First, let us see some facts about Thar. Thar means it is a goat-like mammal. They usually have short and coarse fur. Coarse means hard and fur means hair. If you see there are three types of thar species across the world. One is the Nilgiri Thar, which is endemic to Western Ghats, India. Next is the Himalayan Thar. And the third one is the Arabian Thar, which is found in Oman. Now let us see about Nilgiri Thar. Nilgiri Thar is the state animal of Tamil Nadu. Remember this. It is called as Varayadu in Tamil. Varayadu means cliff goat in English. As the name indicates, the Nilgiri Thar can be seen in steep rocky cliffs. And this Nilgiri Thar is endemic to the southern portion of Western Ghats, especially in the state of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. It is also called as Nilgiri Ibex. As per IUCN Red List of threatened species, Nilgiri Thar is listed as an endangered species because only around 2000 Nilgiri Thar are known to exist in the wild. And also know that Nilgiri Thar is listed under Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Now let us come to the news article. This news article tells that Nilgiri Thar population in Mukurthi National Park has risen this year when compared to the previous year. Know that Mukurthi National Park is located in the state of Tamil Nadu in the district of Uttakamun. So this national park borders the state of Kerala and it also forms a part of Nilgiri's Biosphere Reserve. Last year the population of Nilgiri Thar within this national park was 568 and this year the population has increased to 612. So the officials who have conducted the survey have said that this was the second consecutive year that the population of Nilgiri Thar had seen an increase in Mukurthi National Park. But in the same park in the year 2017 there was a decrease in Thar numbers. Only a population of 438 was recorded and in 2016 it was 480. So why we are seeing the numbers is because to tell that the population of Nilgiri Thar has seen a 27 percentage increased in this year when compared with 2016. Now let us see some of the key findings of the census activity which was organized in June. The first key finding is that many juvenile that is many young Nilgiri Thar were seen during the census and there was also a healthy sex ratio which was seen among the Nilgiri Thar especially the female population was more. Also this news article mentions about the conservation policies taken by the national park officials like keeping the national park close to tourists and also free from poaching. Apart from this the park officials have also taken measures to prevent the spread of invasive flora. Here flora means plants so the invasive plants spread was prevented by the park officials because generally if you see Nilgiri Thar feeds on the grass species and if the population of invasive plants become more then these grasses will not grow so it will affect the food chain of Nilgiri Thar. So this is why the park officials have taken measures to prevent the spread of invasive flora. They know that the habitat of Mukurthi National Park is contiguous that is it is continuous with Silent Valley National Park and the Manarkat Forest Division in the state of Kerala. From this we can tell that Nilgiri Thar has a large habitat and they can keep expanding their population so we can tell that this population will not remain saturated that is full only within Mukurthi National Park. Now have a look at the practice question let us move on to the next news article. This editorial is about the Chandrayaan 2 mission of the Indian Space Research Organization. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this editorial is given here for your reference. The author of this editorial states that Chandrayaan 2 has failed in one objective that is it has not become successful in soft landing on the moon and just because this was not achieved one cannot say that this mission is a failure. This is because there are certain other successful objectives of this second mission to moon say for example the orbiter because whenever we studied about Chandrayaan 2 we saw that there is an orbiter then there is a lander and a rover inside the lander so this orbiter is also an important part of this mission. Though the mission life of orbiter as said by Isro is one year but due to the precise launch and the mission management the lifespan of the orbiter will extend to almost seven years so the orbiter will spend the next seven years in making high resolution maps of the lunar surface then it will also map the minerals and most importantly it will look for water molecules in the polar regions and the payloads that are in the orbiter will conduct remote sensing observations then the experiments will also help in understanding the origin and evolution of the moon. Note that India has achieved success in orbiter missions in both Chandrayaan 1 and Chandrayaan 2. The article talks about the expected location where water could be found in the moon and also the utility of the lunar water. Regarding the location it is expected by the scientific community based on the lunar missions that frozen water or water ice deposits could survive in cold dark craters that are at the moon's south pole. They are saying that the lunar water will be helpful for drinking water as a life support and also as a fuel for future lunar bases so this is the utility of the lunar water. With respect to the difference between the lunar water and water on earth the scientists are saying that it is difficult to tell the difference this is because the isotopes of oxygen that exist on the moon are the same as those that exist on earth. So as of now 90 to 95 percentage of the mission objectives have been accomplished and the mission will continue to contribute to lunar science though the communication with the lander Vikram has been lost and we know that the landing process of the lander including the slowing down of lander and everything went as per the plan till the altitude of 2.1 kilometer above the moon. We should know that only half of the soft landing missions which have been conducted by various nations have become successful. See the erstwhile USSR which is the present day Russia plus few other countries has added its first lander based mission in the year 1963. USSR failed in almost 11 such missions to achieve soft landing on the moon so finally it soft landed on the moon in the year 1966. This mission was the lunar 9 mission so this was also the first soft landing on a world beyond earth by any other country and after success of USSR in February 1966 by this lunar 9 the United States have also achieved lunar soft landing in June 1966 that is within four months from the success of USSR. USA achieved soft landing in their very first landing mission this mission is also called as Surveyor 1 but prior to this USA have failed in three moon impact missions and they also failed in seven orbiter missions. All the learning and the impact on other missions has helped NASA in achieving in its very first try for soft landing. So as NASA puts it that space is hard India will also learn from Chandrayaan 2 and it will achieve the feat in coming years. Note that India successfully has demonstrated orbiter and impact in its very first mission itself. Then the author of this editorial also talks about two-bone missions that happened this year and also about a future mission of United States. Out of the two missions the first one is China's Changi 4 mission this mission as landed on moon in January 2019. Some special achievements of this mission are that it is the first mission to land on the far side of the moon and this is China's second successful soft landing after the first one which was carried out by Changi 3 mission in the year 2013. See this Changi 3 mission also carried a rover which is called as U2 and it was the first non surveyed rover in moon. Also note that the Changi 4 mission has deployed a rover which is named as U2-2 and this U2-2 will explore the Aitken basin in the South Polar region. The second mission is the mission by Israel which is named as Beresheet. The term Beresheet means in the beginning. Another information about this mission is that it is the first attempt by a private company to land on the moon. So landing was the only objective of this Beresheet mission and they achieved lunar orbit but they could not soft land on the moon. Next the editorial talks about the mission of United States to send astronauts to South Polar region of moon by the year 2024 and this mission is called as Artemis 3 mission and this Artemis 3 mission will also take the first women to the moon. NASA will study and learn by sustainable moon missions till the year 2028 and it will use the knowledge that it has gained from these missions to send astronauts to Mars. So from this editorial the author has tried to convey that Chandrayaan-2 is not a total failure. In fact India is one of the nations where in its very first attempt was able to carry successful experiments in moon. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article is about the status of Chandrayaan-2 mission. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. This news article mentions that the lander Vikram which is housed with the robotic rover Pragyaan has been spotted or located by the orbiter. We know that when the lander was about 2.1 kilometer above the moon surface the Indian space research organization lost communication with the lander. The news article has mentioned that the chairman of ISRO has said that it must have been a hard landing on the moon's surface. That means the lander might have fell or hit or struck or impacted on the moon's surface and the lander was located around 500 meters away from the intended touchdown or landing point. The news article also states that the original choosing landing point is in the South Polar region at a latitude of 70 degrees south to the lunar equator and about 600 kilometer from the moon's south pole. The information 600 kilometer above the lunar south pole is incorrect. According to government sources the landing site is actually 350 kilometer above the lunar south pole and they have planned to land on a high plane on the lunar surface between two craters. One is Manzina's sea and the other crater is Simpelius N. But India has not soft landed on the moon as per the statement given by ISRO chairman. So far only three countries have achieved soft landing on moon. All the three countries are permanent members of United Nations Security Council. They are the countries of United States, the erstwhile Soviet Republic, USSR and the third country is China. The news article states that the orbiter has spotted the lander. This orbiter of Chandrayaan-2 mission is special because the orbiter has the high resolution camera than any lunar mission so far. It is a 30 centimeter orbiter high resolution camera which is one of the payloads in the orbiter and this orbiter will orbit from pole to pole. Now what happened to the lander is a big question. If at all ISRO has to establish the communication with the lander it has to do so within 14 Earth days that is one lunar day because the lander is designed to function only for one lunar day which is equivalent to about 14 Earth days. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article discusses about the increase in malaria cases in Delhi and it also tells that some 96 cases of vector-borne diseases were reported last week. So first we will be seeing about vector-borne diseases and what is meant by vectors. Before that the syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. Now let us see what is meant by a vector. Vectors are living organisms so they can transmit the infectious diseases between humans that is from one human to other human or from animals to humans. If you see many of these vectors are blood sucking insects.  So we can tell that as a blood meal. Now when they are having their blood meal they will transmit the disease producing microorganisms. So it can be from any infected host say a human or an animal and it will be transmitted to humans. So human to human or animal to human. So this is how humans are affected by the vectors and the best known disease vector are the mosquitoes. Apart from this we also have some other vectors like ticks, flies, sand flies, fleas, triatomine bugs and some fresh water, aquatic snails as well. So we just saw that mosquitoes are the best known disease vector and in these there are three types of mosquitoes. One is the aides mosquito, next is the anophilus mosquito and third is the culex mosquito. Aides mosquitoes act as a vector for these diseases chicken guinea, dengue fever, lymphatic filariasis and zika and anophilus mosquitoes for malaria and lymphatic filariasis and culex for Japanese encephalities and lymphatic filariasis. So you can see all the three types of mosquitoes act as vectors for lymphatic filariasis. So keep this in mind. Next if you see the burden of these vector-borne diseases is highest in the tropical and subtropical areas. Because the temperature is also high, the humidity is also high which favours the growth of the mosquitoes. So the disease burden is highest in tropical and subtropical areas of the world and it also affects the poorest populations to the maximum because majority of the poorest population of the world is concentrated in tropical and subtropical countries. So it is affecting the poorest population. Now if you see the distribution of vector-borne diseases is determined by complex factors. So demographic factors are taken into account. That is the population-related factors. Then the environmental factors are taken into account. Also the social factors that is the way of life of the people is also taken into account. Sometimes you also see in the news that a new disease has attacked or emerged in a new country. This is because of the global travel and trade. Because of this the pathogen is likely to transmit the disease to an unknown country where that particular country did not even have that disease even for once. So even this will affect the distribution of the vector-borne diseases. The next factor is the environmental challenge which is nothing but usually climate change also acts as a reason for the varied distribution of vector-borne diseases. Then also the change in agricultural practices again because of the variation in temperature and rainfall will affect the transmission of vector-borne diseases. And the most important factor is the unplanned urbanization because urban slums keep growing and there will not be proper pipe water access and there will not be proper solid waste management in the urban slums. Because of this the mosquitoes are likely to thrive and they will keep acting as vectors for the diseases that we saw and because of this the disease burden will also be more. So together all these factors influence the reach of the vector populations and also the transmission patterns of the disease causing pathogens. This news article states that this year the number of malaria cases have increased when compared to last year in Delhi. Also the overall cases of vector-borne diseases have increased since the onset of the monsoon. So we saw some of the vector-borne diseases previously just have a look at it. Now let us focus on malaria because this news article is about malaria. So malaria is also a vector-borne disease. It is mainly caused by plasmodium parasites and the vector here is the anophilus mosquito. If you see there are five parasite species that cause malaria in humans and out of these five only two of the species pose the greatest threat. These two species are plasmodium falciparum and plasmodium vivax. Next if you see plasmodium vivax is very common in American continents and plasmodium falciparum is common in the rest of the world especially if you see in African continent then in Southeast Asia and also in Western Pacific countries.  In most cases malaria is transmitted through the bites of female anophilus mosquitoes. So if you see the mosquitoes bite between dusk and dawn that is late evening from late evening to early morning that is after the sun sets till the sun rises the next day. The intensity of the transmission depends on number of factors which is related to the parasite that is plasmodium and the vector that is the mosquito and it also depends on the human host and it also depends on the environment. So these anophilus mosquitoes lay their eggs in water and these eggs hatch into larvae and they eventually emerge into adult mosquitoes and the female mosquitoes require blood meal to nurture their eggs so they bite the human beings for blood. So this is how they act as a vector transferring the malaria parasite into human body. In rare cases malaria can also be transmitted through blood transfusion then also through organ transplant or the shared use of needles or syringes that is contaminated with blood but know that sexual transmission of malaria is not at all possible. Malaria is an acute febrile illness. Acute febrile means severe fever condition if you see in an individual who is not immune to malaria the symptoms usually appear 10 to 15 days after the mosquito bite. The first symptoms are fever headache and chills all these symptoms may be very mild and it will be very difficult for the physicians to recognize it as malaria but if these symptoms are not treated within 24 hours then malaria can progress to severe illness and often it leads to death. If you see people residing in those malaria endemic areas they develop partial immunity and because of this it causes asymptomatic infections that is infections without any symptoms. Next the children with severe malaria frequently develop one or more of the following symptoms like severe anemia respiratory distress or cerebral malaria and in adults multi organ failure is also frequent. Here anemia means a condition where there is a deficiency of red blood cells or the hemoglobin in the blood and cerebral malaria is a neurological complication which is characterized by coma and asexual forms of the parasite on peripheral blood smears. So we saw that malaria is a vector bond disease so vector control is the main way to prevent and reduce malaria transmission. Now WHO the World Health Organization recommends protection for all people who are at risk of malaria with effective malaria vector control. There are two forms of vector control majorly which are insecticide treated mosquito nets and the next one is the indoor residual spraying. So both these are found to be effective for preventing malaria. Also know that there are some anti-malarial drugs which are available in India for curing malaria. They are chloroquine, primaquin and artemisinin combination therapy. So from this news article know what is meant by vector bond diseases and which are those living organisms which act as vectors especially the mosquitoes and we also saw what is meant by malaria. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article discusses about the trends of consumption of iodized salt in India. The syllabus that is relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. This news article has mentioned that first of its kind national survey has been done to measure the coverage of iodized salt in India. First let us see why iodine is important for human body. Iodine is an important micronutrient. If you see there are two kinds of nutrients which we usually consume one is a macronutrients. The macronutrients are carbohydrates, proteins and fats and the rest of the minerals and vitamins form the micronutrients. So they are required only in very small amounts but their requirement is quite essential that is they are very much required for the human body to function normally. So iodine is also an important micronutrient. It is required for optimal mental and physical development of human beings. So iodine is essential for healthy brain development in fetus and also for the young child. So keep this in mind but usually if you see there is significant proportion of population who have iodine deficiency or who are suffering because of iodine deficiency. Now the deficiency of iodine can result in a range of disabilities and disorders like goiter, hypothyroidism, chretinism, abortion, stillbirths, mental retardation and psychomotor defects. Here the term goiter means the spelling of the neck which is resulting from the enlargement of the thyroid gland and hypothyroidism means a condition where the thyroid gland is not able to produce enough thyroid hormone. So hypo means low so less secretion of thyroid hormone and chretinism is called as congenital iodine deficiency syndrome. So when we tell congenital it is something which is being transmitted from the mothers to the newborns. So if the mother is hypothyroid then the newborn child is also likely to become hypothyroid. So it will cause severely stunted physical growth and also mental growth because of this congenital deficiency of thyroid hormone and psychomotor defects means slow down of the thought process and also detection of the physical movements in any individual. So these are some of the disabilities and disorders which is caused because of the deficiency of iodine. And there is also one fact that children who are born in iodine deficient areas may have up to 13.5 intelligence quotient points that is IQ points less than those children who are born in iodine sufficient areas. So it means that people who are iodine deficient will have less intelligence quotient. And iodine deficiency negatively affects the health of women as well as economic productivity and also the quality of life. Because if the health of the women or health of any individual is affected automatically they will not be in a position to do their normal jobs and when there are no jobs it means they do not have any money to survive. So it will affect the quality of their life. We saw that a significant amount of population in India suffering because of iodine deficiency. It is because very small amounts of iodine is found in the normal diet. So most people need an additional source of iodine in their diet. Now how can we add iodine in their diet? So this addition is called the process of fortification or we can tell iodization in case of iodine. So iodization means the process of fortifying the salt for human consumption with iodine. So this is an effective strategy to increase the iodine intake at the population level. And very recently we also seen news that vitamin A fortification, calcium fortification, vitamin D fortification, etc. So iodization or iodine fortification is one such step. See the world health organization recommends average consumption of salt per person per day at 5 grams. So it limits the average consumption at 5 grams and according to the world health organization guidelines a daily iodine intake of 150 microgram is required in order to prevent the iodine deficiency disorders. So in one day a person or any individual has to intake at least 150 micrograms of iodine. So that is why we are calling iodine as a micronutrients because the consumption will be in very minute amount but it is quite essential to consume iodine. India made a fortification of salt with iodine mandatory for direct human consumption in the year 1992 but the rule was relaxed in the year 2000 and again it was reimposed in the year 2005. Also in 2011 the Supreme Court also mandated the universal iodization for the control of iodine deficiency. So we can see that iodine is quite essential in a human diet. Now let us come to the survey. The survey which was conducted was titled as India Iodine Survey 2018-2019. This survey was conducted by Nutrition International in collaboration with All Indian Institute of Medical Sciences New Delhi and then Association for Indian Coalition for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in short ICC, IDD and Kanthar. So this survey basically tested the iodine content in the samples of cooking salt from the households in order to estimate or in order to know the coverage of iodized salt in each households. And this survey covered around 21,406 households which was spread across 29 states and 7 union territories and the time period when the survey was done was between October 2018 and March 2019. So this survey has found out that 76.3 percentage of Indian households consumed adequately iodized salt. So adequately iodized salt means the salt with at least 15 parts per million of iodine or 15 micrograms of iodine. From this picture you can see the states like Jammu and Kashmir, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya are those states where the household coverage with iodine content is quite high. And here you can see the bottom five states which are the states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Odisha and Jharkhand and the news is that Tamil Nadu ranks lowest in the coverage of iodized salt. Now we can see the irony here in those states where salt is not available like in the states of Jammu and Kashmir and in majority of the Northeastern states the household coverage of iodized salt is more. But in those states where salt is available in abundance like in the state of Tamil Nadu the coverage is quite less. It is because the salt is quite commonly available in those states which produce salt. So they have access to common salt. Common salt means the non-iodized salt. So because of this the iodine intake in those population is quite low. This is the reason why Tamil Nadu ranks lowest in the coverage of iodized salt. And in those states where the salt is being shipped it is being ensured by the government that they are fortified properly with iodine. So this is the reason why these states have high household coverage of iodized salt. And there is also a statistics which is given in the news article regarding the production of salt in India that is those states which produce salt in India. So Gujarat is the state which produces 71 percentage of the total salt in India and this is followed by Rajasthan which produces around 17 percentage of the total salt of India. Next is the state of Tamil Nadu which produces around 11 percentage of salt in India. And you can see that both Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan which are one of the leading producers of salt have low household coverage of iodized salt. This survey has also put forward some key recommendations. The main recommendation is that the same momentum has to be sustained so that the iodine coverage does not fall below the current levels. The current level is around 76 percentage which we saw. And the next recommendation is that the central government and all the state governments should work together to address the current gaps. And they must also look into issues which are state specific. So each state might have its own challenge in increasing the household coverage of iodized salt. So both the center and the respective state governments should work together in order to address the gaps. From this news article we have seen why iodine is important and what happens when there is an iodine deficiency in human body and also about the survey. Now have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the next news article. This news article talks about India's revised target for land restoration under the bond challenge, under the land degradation neutrality and also under the sustainable development goals framework. The syllabus relevant to the analysis of this news article is given here for your reference. Let us now see the news article. The 14th conference of parties for the United Nations Convention to combat desertification is being held in New Delhi and it will be in the news for at least until 14th of this month because the conference of parties will come to an end only by 13th of September. See the Indian Prime Minister has inaugurated the high level segment of this conference of parties 14th. In short the COP 14 study that is on 9th of September in his speech the Prime Minister has stated that India would raise its ambition of the total area that would be restored from its land degradation status. Earlier India stated its ambition to restore land from the degradation status in the year 2015. This was during the COP for United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change which was held in Paris and the Government of India stated this ambition as a part of bond challenge pledge. This challenge or the pledge announced by India in the year 2015 was to restore 13 million hectares of degraded land or 130 lakh hectares of degraded land in India. This is to be done by the year 2020 and after this an additional 8 million hectares or 80 lakh hectares to be restored by the year 2030. So overall by the year 2030 India's pledge to restore 21 million hectares or 210 lakh hectares of degraded land. Now the news is that under this bond challenge India has decided to increase its ambition to additional 5 million hectares to the already existing 21 million hectares pledge till the year 2030. This means overall till the year 2030 India's pledge to restore 26 million hectares of degraded land. This target under bond challenge also becomes a part of land degradation neutrality target. Know that bond challenge includes the land degradation neutrality targets as well. This means that India has made a target under bond challenge which will also be considered as a part of land degradation neutrality target. This is because the objectives of both are one and the same that is regarding the restoration of degraded land. That is the restoration of degraded land is part of objectives of both the bond challenge as well as the land degradation neutrality framework. The concept of land degradation neutrality emerged from the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development which happened in the year 2012. Land degradation neutrality responds to intensifying the production of food, fuel and fiber to meet the future demand without further degrading a finite or limited land resource base. In other words land degradation neutrality demands the world to be a place where human activity has a neutral impact on the land. See in the year 2015 the 12th session of the Conference of Parties to the United Nations convention to combat desertification was held. At that time the Conference of Parties of this UNCCD adopted 35 decisions related to desertification land degradation and drought. This also included how to pursue land degradation neutrality within the framework of the sustainable development goals and it also included how to align UNCCD goals and how to align the action of parties with the sustainable development goals. As a follow-up the UNCCD secretariat launched a new initiative which is called as land degradation neutrality. Now let us see how land degradation neutrality or restoring degraded land is a part of sustainable development goal. We have a sustainable development goal number 15. Under this there is a goal which is halting and reversing land degradation. In this goal there is a target called target 15.3. This target 15.3 states that every nation shall restore degraded land and soil and every nation should strive to achieve a land degradation neutral world by the year 2030. We are finding that the targets are being set with the end year as 2030. This is for the purpose of aligning the targets under UN sustainable development goals. If you ask about bond challenge it is a global effort to bring 150 million hectares of degraded and deforested land in the world into restoration by the year 2020 and to restore 350 million hectares of degraded and deforested land by the year 2030. So the increased and the extra commitment announced by the prime minister comes under the interrelated framework of bond challenge, land degradation neutrality target and also under the sustainable development goals target. But this we come to the end of the analysis of this news article. Have a look at the practice question. Let us move on to the practice questions discussion session. See the first question. The question is consider the following statements about Nilgiri Thar. They have given two statements and have asked you to choose the correct answer. The first statement states that Nilgiri Thar is endemic to western guards and eastern guards. The statement is wrong during our discussion we saw that Nilgiri Thar is endemic to western guards. It is found especially in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala. And in today's news article there was a mention about Mukurti National Park. So the news was regarding the census that was conducted in Mukurti National Park in the state of Tamil Nadu. So the first statement goes wrong. The second statement tells that it is classified as vulnerable under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. This statement is also wrong. We saw that it was classified as endangered under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The questioners ask for the correct statements but both the statements are wrong. So the correct answer is option D neither one nor two. Moving on to the next question consider the following pairs. They have given the moon mission and the respective country and we need to choose the correctly matched pair from the above. The first pair is Surveyor 1 by USA. This pair is correct. Surveyor 1 is the landing mission of NASA of USA. It is the first landing mission of USA and it was successful. So this pair is correct. The second pair given is Luna 9 USSR. Know that Luna 9 is the mission to moon by the Soviet Union or the USSR which is called as Union of Soviet Socialist Republic. This is the first mission ever to successfully demonstrate soft landing on moon. So this pair is also correct. The third pair is Chandrayaan 2 India. We know that Chandrayaan 2 is our Indian mission that is ISRO's mission. So this pair is also correct. The fourth pair is Bereshi by Space IL or Israel Space Agency. Bereshi mission to moon is the landing mission to moon by a private and non-profit organization in Israel called as Space IL with contribution from Israel Space Agency. Space IL as a non-profit organization was established in the year 2011 aiming to land the first Israeli spacecraft on the moon. But we know that this year in the month of April the mission was unsuccessful as it could not soft land on the moon. So the fourth pair given here is also correct. The fifth pair that is given is Changi 4 China. This pair is correct. It is China's landing mission to moon. The mission is the first mission to land on the far side of the moon. So all the five pairs that are given are correctly matched. The questioner is asked to choose the correctly matched pairs. So the correct answer is option D 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moving on to the next question which of the following are vector burn diseases. They have given five diseases. Number one malaria. Number two measles. Number three dengue. Number four chicken gunia. Number five tuberculosis. During our discussion we saw some diseases which were vector born diseases. That is those infectious diseases that can be transmitted between humans or from animals to humans by living organisms. That is certain living organisms. These living organisms are called vectors and we saw that mosquitoes are the best known disease vector. And we also saw some list of diseases caused by different types of mosquitoes which are aides mosquito, anophilus mosquito, culex mosquitoes. Those vector born diseases caused by aides mosquitoes are chicken gunia, dengue fever, lymphatic fileriasis and zika. And those caused by anophilus mosquitoes are malaria and lymphatic fileriasis. And those diseases which are caused by culex mosquitoes are Japanese encephalities and lymphatic fileriasis. So here malaria is correct, dengue is correct and chicken gunia is correct. Know that measles and tuberculosis are not vector born diseases. Measles is caused by a virus called measles virus which belongs to the family paromyxobiridae. And tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium called mycobacterium tuberculosis. So the question is asked to choose the correct answer from the options given below. The correct answer is option B, 1, 3 and 4. Moving on to the next question. The question is goiter is a medical condition which is caused by deficiency of which of the following micronutrient. We saw during our discussion what is the difference between micronutrient and micronutrient. Micronutrient are mostly the essential vitamins and minerals that the humans need for proper functioning of their body. And we saw that the deficiency of iodine causes a condition called goiter. Goiter means spelling of the neck which is resulting from an enlargement of the thyroid gland. So the correct answer to this question is option D, iodine. Moving on to the next question. Consider the following statements. They have given three statements and have asked you to choose the correct answer. The first statement is India is committed in restoring degraded land under the bond challenge. This statement is correct. As of today, India has pledged 26 million hectares of degraded land to be restored under the bond challenge. The second statement tells that the 14th COP United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification is held in New Delhi, India. This statement is also correct at present the 14th COP or the 14th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification is being held in New Delhi, India. And India has taken the presidency for a period of two years till the year 2021. Statement third tells that halting and reversing land degradation is part of the Sustainable Development Goals framework. This statement is also correct. We have seen during our analysis that it comes under the goal number 15. The question is asked to choose the correct statements. All the statements are correct. So, the correct answer is option D, 1, 2 and 3. With this, we come to the end of today's discussion of all the news articles and also the practice questions discussion session. Do like, comment and share the video and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for latest videos and updates. Stay focused and motivated friends. Thank you.