Live from New York, it's theCUBE. Covering theCUBE, New York City, 2018. Brought to you by SiliconANGLE Media and its ecosystem partners. Back to the live CUBE coverage here in New York City for CUBE, NYC, hashtag CUBE NYC. This coverage of all things data, all things cloud, all things machine learning here, in the big data realm. I'm John Furrier, Dave Vellante. We've got two great guests from Cisco. We've got DD's, the Vice President of Data Center and Marketing, and Cisco Han Yang, who's the Senior Product Manager at Cisco. Guys, welcome to theCUBE. Thanks for coming on again. Good to see you. Good to see you. Thanks for having us. So obviously one of the things that's come up this year at the big data show, we used to be called Hadoop World, Strata Data now is called the latest name, and obviously CUBE NYC. We changed from big data NYC to CUBE NYC because there's a lot more going on. I heard hallway conversation around blockchain cryptocurrency. Kubernetes has been set on theCUBE already at least a dozen times here today. Multicloud, so you're seeing the analytical world trying to be in a way kind of brought into the dynamics around IT infrastructure, operations, both cloud and on-premises. So interesting dynamics this year, almost a DevOps kind of culture to analytics. This is a new kind of sign from this community. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. No, absolutely. I think data and analytics is one of those things. It's pervasive. Every industry doesn't matter. Even at Cisco, I know we're going to talk a little more about the new AI and ML workloads, but for the last few years, we've been using AI and ML techniques to improve networking, to improve security, to improve collaboration, so it's everywhere. You mean internally in your own IT? Internally, yeah. Not just in IT, in the way we're designing our network equipment, right? We're storing data that's flowing through the data center, flowing through the, in and out of clouds, and using that data to make better predictions for better networking, application, performance, security, what have you. The first topic I want to talk to you guys about is around the data center. Obviously, you've got data center marketing, is that me? I mean, basically that's where the action is. Cloud, obviously, has been all the buzz, people going into the cloud, but Andy Jassy's announcement at VMworld really is a validation that we're seeing for the first time hybrid and multi-cloud validated. Amazon announced RDS on VMware on-premises. This is the first time Amazon's ever done anything with this magnitude on-premises. So this is a signal from the customers voting with their wallet that on-premises is a dynamic. The data center is where the data is. That's where the main footprint of IT is. That's right. This is important. And what's the impact of that dynamic of data center, where the data is, with the option for cloud, how does that impact data, machine learning, and the things that you guys see as relevant? Sure, so I'll start and Han, feel free to chime in here. So I think those boundaries between this is a data center and this is a cloud and this is a campus and this is the edge, I think those boundaries are going away. Just like you said, data center is where the data is. And it's the ability of our customers to be able to capture that data, process it, curate it, and use it for insights to take decision locally, converts a drone as a data center that flies and a boat as a data center that floats, right? So that- And a cloud as a data center that no one sees. That's right, that's right. So those boundaries are going away. We at Cisco see this as a continuum. It's the edge cloud continuum. And so, and the edge is exploding, right? There's just more and more devices and these devices are cranking out more data than ever before. Like I said, it's the ability of our customers to harness that data to make more meaningful decisions. So Cisco's take on this is the new architectural approach, right? And it starts with the network because the network is the one piece that connects everything, every device, every edge, every individual, every cloud. There's a lot of data within the network which we're using to make better decisions. It's interesting, you know, I've been pretty close to Cisco over the years since 95, time frame. I've had hundreds of meetings, some technical, some kind of business. But I've heard that term edge of the network many times over the years. This is not a new concept of Cisco. I mean, edge of the network actually means something in Cisco parlance. The edge of the network that the packets are moving around. So again, this is not a new idea for Cisco. It's just materialize itself in a new way. It's not, but what's happening is the edge is just now generating so much data. And if you can use that data, you know, convert it into insight and make decisions, that's the exciting thing. And that's why this whole thing about machine learning and artificial intelligence, it's the data that's being generated by these cameras, these sensors, these, you know, so that's what is really, really interesting. Go ahead, please. One of our own studies pointed out that by 2021, there'd be 847 Zetabytes of information out there. But only 1.3 Zetabytes would actually ever make it back to the data center. That just means an opportunity for analytics at the edge to make sense of that information before it ever makes it home. Wait, were those numbers again? It was like, I think it's like 847 Zetabytes of information. And how much makes it back? You know, 1.3. Yeah, there you go. So a huge compression. That confirms your research data. Well, yeah, I mean, we've been saying for a while now that most of the data is going to stay at the edge. There's no reason to move it back. The economics aren't supported, the latency doesn't make sense.  That's right.  Otherwise, sending that information of, useless information that status is wonderful. Well, that's not very valuable, right? And 99.9%, things are going well. Temperature hasn't changed. You hope that it's going well, right? If it really goes wrong, well, that's when you want to alert or sending more information. Well, how did it go bad? Why did it go bad? Those are the more insightful things that you want to send back. And you know, this is just not just for IoT. I mean, cat pictures moving between campuses cost money too. So you want to just keep them local, right? So, but these are concepts of networking. This is what I want to get into my point too. You guys got some new announcements around UCS and some of the hardware and the gear and the software. What are some of the new announcements that you're announcing here in New York? And what does it mean for customers? Because they want to know not only speeds and feeds, it's a software driven world. How does the software relate? Is it, how does the gear work? What's the management look like? Where's the control playing? Where's the management playing? Give us all the data. I think the biggest issue starts from this, right? Data scientists, they have, their task is to explore different data sources, find out the value, right? But at the same time, IT is somewhat lagging behind, right? Because as the data scientists go from data source A to data source B, it could be three petabytes of difference. Well, IT is like three petabytes. That's only from Monday through Wednesday. Well, that's a huge infrastructure requirement change. So Cisco's way to help the customer is to make sure that we're able to come out blueprints. Blueprints enabling the IT team to scale so that the data scientists can work beyond their own laptop. As they've worked through the petabytes of data that's coming in from all these different sources, they're able to collaborate well together and make sense of that information. And only by scaling, by with IT helping the data scientists to work to scale, that's the only way they can succeed. So that's why we announced a new server. It's called a C480ML. Happens to have eight GPUs from NVIDIA inside, helping customer that want to do that deep learning kind of capabilities. What are some of the use cases of this product? So it's got new data capabilities. What are some of the impacts? Well, so, I mean, some of the things that Han just mentioned, for me, I think the biggest differentiation in our solution is things that we've put around the box, right? So the management layer, right? I mean, this is not going to be one server in one data center. It's going to be multiple of them. You're never going to have one data center. You're going to have multiple data centers. And we've got a really cool management tool called InterSight. And this is supported in InterSight day one. And InterSight also uses machine learning techniques to look at data from multiple data centers. And that's really where the innovation is. Because honestly, I think every vendor is going to bend sheet metal around the latest chipsets. And we've done the same, but the real differentiation is sort of how we manage it, how we use that data for more meaningful insights. I think that's where some of our magic is. Can you add some color to that in terms of just infrastructure for AI and ML? How is it different than sort of traditional infrastructures? So is the management different? Does the sheet metal is not different, you're saying? But what are some of those nuances that we should understand? I think especially for deep learning, multiple scientists around the world have pointed out that if you're able to use GPUs, they're able to run the deep learning frameworks faster by roughly two orders of magnitude. So that's part of the reason why from infrastructure perspective, we wanted to bring in that GPUs. But for the IT teams, we didn't want them to just add yet another infrastructure silo just to support AI or ML. So therefore, we wanted to make sure that it fits in within a UCS managed unified architecture enabling the IT team to scale, but without adding more infrastructures and silos just for that new workload. By having that unified architecture, it helps the IT to be more efficient and at the same time, in better support of the data scientists. The other thing I would add is sort of again, the things around the box, right? I mean, look, this industry is still pretty nascent. There's lots of startups, there's lots of different solutions. And when we build a server like this, we don't just build the server and just toss it over the fence to the customer and say, we'll figure it out. No, we've done validated design guides, right? With Googles, with the leading vendors in the space to make sure everything works as we say it would. And so it's all of those integrations, those partnerships all the way through our systems integrators to really understand a customer's AI and ML environment and to fine tune it for the environment. So is that really where a lot of the innovation comes from? Is that sort of doing that hard work to say, yes, it's going to be a solution that's going to work in this environment. Here's what you have to do to ensure best practice, et cetera. Is that right? So I think some of our blueprints or validated designs is basically enabling the IT team to scale.  But do it in a way so that we work with partners like Hortonworks or Cloudera so that they're able to take advantage of the data lake, but and adding in the GPU so they do the deep learning with TensorFlow, with PyTorch, or whatever, curated deep learning framework that data scientists need to be able to get value out of those multiple data sources. So these are the kind of solution that we're putting together, making sure our customers are able to get to that business outcome sooner and faster, not just a... Right, so there's innovation at all altitudes, right? So there's the hardware, there's the integrations, there's the management, so it's innovation. So not to go too much into the weeds, but I'm curious, as you introduce these alternate processing units, what is the relationship between sort of traditional CPUs and these GPUs?  I wonder if you could describe it. We actually want it to be integrated because by having it separated and fenced off, well that's a IT infrastructure silo that you're not going to have the same security policy or the storage mechanism. We want it to be unified so that it's easier on IT teams to support the data scientist, right? So therefore, the latest software, Hadoop software, is able to manage both CPUs and GPUs as well as having Hadoop file system. Those are the solutions that we're putting forth so that our IT folks can scale, our data scientists can succeed. So IT is managing a logical block. That's right, and even for things like inventory management or going back and adding patches in the event of some security event, it's so much better to have one integrated system rather than silos of management, which we see in the industry. So the hard news is basically UCS for AI and ML workloads. That's right, right? This is our first server custom build ground up to support these deep learning, machine learning workloads. We partnered with NVIDIA, with Google. We announced it earlier this week and the phone is ringing constantly. I don't want to say God Box, I just said it. This is basically the power tool for deep learning. Absolutely. That's what you guys see it. All right, well great. Thanks for coming on. Appreciate it. Good to see you guys at Cisco. Again, deep learning, dedicated technology around the box, not just the box itself. That's right. Ecosystem, NVIDIA, good call. Those guys really get the hot GPUs out there. So those guys last night, great success they're having. They're a key partner with you guys. Absolutely. Who are the hostess partnering real quick before we end the segment? Just get a quick plug into the partner. We've been partnering with software side, we've partnered with folks like Anaconda, with their Anaconda Enterprise, which data science love to use as their Python, data science framework. We've been working with Google, with their Kubeflow, which is open source project integrating TensorFlow on top of Kubernetes. And of course we've been working with folks like Cloudera, as well as Hortonworks to access the data lake, that phone from a big data perspective. Yeah, I know you guys didn't get a lot of credit at Google Cloud, we were certainly amplifying it. You guys were co-developing the Google Cloud service with Google, I know they were announcing it. You guys had Chuck on stage there with Diane Greene, so it was pretty positive. Good integration with Google, looking pretty good there. Absolutely. Good partner. Great, thanks for coming on theCUBE. Thanks for appreciating the commentary. Just go here on theCUBE. We're in New York City for Kube NYC. This is where the world of data is converging in with IT infrastructure, developers, operators, all running analytics for the future of business. We'll be back with more coverage after this short break.


Journalists are often required to locate and use scholarly journal articles from many different disciplines, such as healthcare or business. This can be challenging. Scholarly articles are written by experts and are intended to be read by other experts. This means that they can often be difficult to read. They may contain a lot of jargon or technical language, and they may assume the reader already has a significant amount of background knowledge related to the topic. This tutorial will review a few tips for effectively reading and using scholarly articles in your research as a journalist. It's important to recognize that scholarly journals tend to be focused on specific academic topics, such as the American Journal of Nursing or the Journal of Communications Research. As a result, articles in these journals are often focused fairly narrowly. If you need a source that provides a broad overview of a topic, scholarly journal articles may not be appropriate. It is also helpful to understand that scholarly articles often have a similar format. Understanding the purpose of each section of the article can help you to identify the parts that are most relevant to you as a journalist. Most scholarly articles begin with an abstract. This is a short paragraph in which the author briefly explains what the article is about and describes any significant findings. While the abstract of the article can be valuable for identifying articles that are relevant to you, it is very important that you do not rely only on the abstract for your understanding of the article. You need to find and review the entire article. As an NKU student, you can use Stealy Library's Source Finder Service to request a full text of any article for free. The first page will also usually contain information about the author, such as the university where they work. In some cases, it will give more detailed information, which can be very helpful for journalists. Not only does it establish the credibility of the author, it also gives a way for a journalist to contact the author for more information about the study. In the introduction to the article, the author will usually describe the purpose of the research and explain how the current research relates to previous studies on the topic. In the methods section, the author will usually describe exactly how the study was conducted. For example, if they used a survey or a focus group, they will also describe the study's participants. In the results section, the author will describe the data that they collected as part of their study. They will usually explain the various types of statistical analysis that they performed and provide charts or graphs to display the data. This is usually the most difficult section of the article to read. It is in the discussion section that the authors will most clearly explain what they found and why their findings are significant. As a result, this section will often be the most important for a journalist. In some cases, the author may also describe the limitations of their current research, for example, if the study was conducted on only a small number of people. It is important for journalists to pay attention to these limitations to ensure that they do not over-exaggerate the significance of the study. In addition, the author will often provide recommendations for future research on the topic, which can help a journalist to understand what questions remain related to the topic. Finally, the author will usually include a conclusion that summarizes the main purpose of the research and the relevant findings. The final part of the article is usually the references. Looking at the references can be very valuable for a journalist, because they can use these sources to learn more about the topic. When you approach a scholarly article, keep in mind that you do not usually want to read the article the same way you would a newspaper or magazine article, straight through from beginning to end. Instead, you may want to review a scholarly article in sections, out of order. First, read the abstract. Then you may want to skip ahead to the discussion section, skim through the limitations, and look at the conclusion section. Then, if you still think the article is relevant, you can go back and read the introduction, the methods, and the results section. Not all scholarly articles will follow the exact same format described in this tutorial. However, even in articles that do not, there are often clues that you can use to find the most relevant information. Look for the headings of the different sections, or skim the first few paragraphs and the last few paragraphs to get an idea of the purpose of the article. Learning to recognize the different parts of a scholarly article can help journalists to identify the most relevant information more quickly.


The results of this study suggest that demineralized dentin may be used as an alternative to autologous bone for regenerative surgery. Demineralized dentin shares similarities with natural bone in terms of its surface chemical composition, suggesting that it may provide a suitable substitute for autologous bone. This article was authored by Elio Manetti, Andrea Palermo, Giuseppina Malkangi and others.


Hey guys, my name is Scotty and I'm from Vietnam. I was a prep student in the year 2019 to 2020. Well, when I almost graduated from university in Vietnam, I realized that my English was really bad. I couldn't either speak, listen or read, not to mention write. I wanted to improve it, but lots of posterior from the internet really overwhelmed me. That's when I decided to take an English course abroad where I can both improve my English and communication skills in an international environment. I had always wanted to study in Europe. So I went for the Netherlands where 9 out of 10 people can speak English really well, I think. I joined several groups on Facebook of Vietnamese students studied in the Netherlands and most of them recommend taking a language course in the Saxon University because it is one of the few schools offering well-organized and thorough language courses. To be honest, I have to say the program is not for those who don't want to study seriously because it requires hard work. The teachers are very supportive. The international office is only there when you need help.  So here I am with another level of English that my friends maybe surprised. Now continuing with my academic course and the English course has helped me a lot. I hope you guys will come join me at Saxon University to challenge yourself and become a global citizen. Bye bye.


CSSR Ballora Blake, I'm stationed on the 4, I've only been there for about a month going on to 2, so this is completely new for me. This week I went to a class where Chef Ponder taught us how to not just cook the right way, bake the right way, but also how to be ourselves, how to create our own business and accomplish our dreams. I'm calling a specialist senior chief, Jewel Dyson. I have been stationed on board USS Gerald R. Ford for five years in the role as the leading CS. I met Chef Ponder at an event that he was holding and in conversation found out that he was once an MS in the United States Navy and that was our rate before we converted over to CS. Every day I've seen them grow in ways that I can't explain or describe, I'm just hoping that they stay as motivated and they take it back to the ship. They be able to show the ship and the crew what they've learned and how they can appreciate who they are and where they are and do the very best that they can at all times. I'm Chef Jacobi Ponder, I'm a 10-year Navy veteran and Chef Premier Academy is kind of an institution that I developed the curriculum to teach sailors, to teach everybody on not just to be cooks in the military but to be owner operators and entrepreneurs. My technique of teaching is teaching them what's internal versus what you can get outside. I think that they have a new attitude of ownership coming in a galley and owning it and I'm asking if they're E1, do E6 or whatever the case is in this industry it's not about rank again it's about value so I think they're going to come back to the ship with a lot more value and it's going to reflect on morale for the sailors I think.


Suppose there are in a beam many particles and each particle has its coordinates xx prime and these coordinates will lead to different values of invariant of motion a1, a2, a3, etc. So we choose the particle which has largest invariant of motion and this particle bounded all the times all other particles inside this means never this particle will come outer of this ellipse. So this largest area which is defined by the outermost particle at certain location is known as beam emittance. So we have different many initial conditions and we choose which initial condition in a beam leads to largest invariant of motion and that invariant of motion largest value of invariant of motion is known as beam emittance. So this beam emittance is very important parameter in an accelerator physics. Suppose there are many particles inside this ellipse these all particles will remain inside this ellipse. So and now the maximum amplitude of this outermost particle outermost means a particle which is on the outermost ellipse. So we can define the maximum amplitude of this outermost particle and this is the maximum amplitude in angle for this outermost particle. So this shows the maximum angle possible by this beam and this is the maximum displacement possible by the particles in this beam. So this shows you the beam size and this shows you the beam divergence. So by knowing the outermost ellipse you can define the beam size and beam divergence and such quantity which is defined as beam emittance now has information for both the parameters of beam that is the beam size and divergence. And now you know that the area of this ellipse will remain constant throughout this reconference of the accelerator means at any location we will measure the area it will seem as of the other locations. So if beam size changes divergence changes accordingly so that area remains constant. In some distribution of particles beam has certain distributions of the particles and the number of particles may be very large. So in certain distribution of the particles in a beam there may be a very faint boundaries for diluted boundaries you cannot define a clear cut boundaries in this case like here we are having a clear cut boundary. Now in this case of distribution we don't have such boundary. So how the beam emittance can be defined in such distribution. So in any distribution suppose this is the distribution of the particles in the displacement means at the center here particle has highest density then density lowers down and lowers down. We can take one sigma, two sigma, three sigma kind of displacement in the beam this sigma shows the standard deviation of this distribution means at one sigma what is the distance and what is the corresponding ellipse in this distribution. So we can say one sigma ellipse is this if we make two sigma ellipse this may be like this. So in this case emittance is defined by showing that how much particle we are containing the beam ellipse. Now beam as I have said that beam emittance defines the beam size as well as divergence. The maximum amplitude of outermost particle gives you the beam size. So if we take beam emittance at the place of invariant of motion of single particle and beta function of that certain location say s is equal to s1. So this gives you the beam size. In case of single particle this gives you the maximum displacement x max is equal to a under root beta. Now at the place of a we have beam emittance so this gives you the beam size complete. Similarly in the angles we have x prime max is equal to a under root gamma beam divergence will have emittance multiplied by gamma and take the root. So this is the case for single particle and this is the case for complete beam. So in complete beam you have beam size defined by emittance beta root and divergence emittance gamma. You means it may either be horizontal x plane or vertical y plane. If you have clear cut boundary of the beam distribution then this sigma u shows you clear cut boundary beam sizes and beam divergence otherwise if clear cut boundaries are not available in the beam distribution then you have to define that up to what extent we are showing this emittance and according to that up to that point this is the beam size and up to that point this is the beam divergence. Now during the study we have seen that beta was defined by this differential equation. Now instead of beta we have seen that if beta is combined with beam emittance it gives you the beam size. So why not we change this equation in the equation of beam sizes that will be much more transparent for understanding the beam behavior. So let us do that. So beta u is defined like sigma square by u because we have seen that sigma u is under root emittance u beta u. So this gives you the beta u is equal to sigma square u upon emittance u. u means either x or y, formulation is same for both the planes and beta prime u will be 2 sigma u prime emittance u, emittance cannot be differentiated because it is a constant. Here if you can see that when we differentiate sigma u we get sigma prime u is equal to d sigma by d. It is not equal to the sigma u prime which shows the beam divergence. The beam divergence is defined by sigma u prime means what is the spread in the angles and it shows you the what is the derivative of beam size with respect to s. These two quantities are different keep it in mind. So we again differentiate beta because we want beta double prime also in this equation. So we know now beta, beta prime and beta prime will look like this. This is just the differentiation of this quantity and here again we are omitting the subscript u keep it in mind that this formulation is valid for horizontal as well as vertical. Only the thing is that when you are calculating for the horizontal plane put the values correspondingly means beta and emittance for the horizontal plane and when you are calculating for the vertical plane put the values of beta and emittance for the vertical plane. So now we put this beta double prime, this beta prime and this beta in this equation. What we get? 2 sigma square by epsilon on emittance and then beta double prime this is this sigma sigma double prime plus sigma prime square of the emittance minus 4 sigma sigma prime. So we have now from this equation to this equation. You can see that 4 will be cancelled out and this after rearranging you will get sigma double prime plus k sigma is equal to emittance square upon sigma 3. So now you can see in the equation of beam sizes it is again you can see that this is like the simple harmonic oscillation sigma double prime plus k sigma but this is an additional term and this additional terms comes because of this emittance. So this emittance shows you an extra force term. This force term is known as emittance force and if you will put k is equal to 0 means drift space even though sigma double prime will not be 0 and sigma double prime will then be defined by this emittance force. Now sometimes if you know the beam distribution we have seen that there may be a difficulty in obtaining geometrically the largest ellipse means defining the emittance using the geometry may be difficult. However beam emittance can be defined statistically in that case very easy. If you know the beam distribution we can obtain what is the rms values of the positions, what is the rms values of the angles and what is the rms value taken together x and x prime means a correlation. So this is the second movement for the two dimensional distribution. So basically emittance is a measure of second movement of any beam distribution. So if we calculate the second movement of any distribution you will get the emittance. This is the statistical definition of the emittance and generally known as rms emittance. So emittance can be defined geometrically by taking the area of the largest ellipse or you can define the emittance using the statistical formulation if you know x and x prime of each particle. So by taking out this xx prime square is common you will have here in the second term xx prime square upon under root xx prime square and this is the r. So this r is defined by the alpha if alpha is 0 then this r will be 0 and at that location your emittance will be just like sigma and sigma prime. So now this beam size is defined by emittance beta. So beta has the physical meaning defining the beam sizes, gamma has the physical meaning defining the beam divergence and alpha has the physical meaning that it correlates between the beam size and divergence at that location. So tilt of the ellipse. If alpha is 0 means ellipse is not tilted, ellipse is not tilted means the major axis and minor axis of the ellipse coincide with the coordinate axis. This is the case when alpha is 0. So alpha is 0 means d beta by ds is 0 and d beta by ds is equal to 0 means beta has either minima or maxima at this location means either beta is like this so here is the minimum so you will get d beta by ds is 0 here or it may have a maxima like this so here again you will have d beta by ds is equal to 0. So let the location of maxima and minima alpha becomes 0 and ellipse axis means ellipse major axis and minor axis coincide with that of the axis of coordinate axis. Now we see some interesting examples and calculate what is the emittance in that case. Suppose there is a beam which behaves nicely, nicely means all the trajectories of particles are coming parallel to the optic axis or design path and it is a focusing lens so it passes and nicely focused at a point here. So we see what is the phase space distribution of these particles. So if you draw it on x and explain phase space all the particles are having 0 angle with respect to design trajectory so it has a horizontal line here this is the elements and area of this line is 0 so emittance is 0 in this case. After focusing suppose we plot phase space here at this location we see that when x is increasing the angle is also increasing but with minus sign so x here it is increasing and angle is also increasing with minus sign. Similar is the case when we go in the negative x if value of negative x is increasing here the angle is also increasing but in the positive side.  This kind of beam is known as laminar beam in which particles are coming parallel to the optic axis or making angle linearly with the displacement. In real practice there is no laminar beam this laminar beam exists only in text books. In real practice you always have non-liminar beam in this case suppose if we plot somewhere here we will have certain x and corresponding x prime and such kind of distribution will be there and after focusing lens the distribution will be changed or you can say the orientation is like this but still if you will find the area or emittance statistical emittance in this case this will remain constant. Now we see that we have defined emittance geometrical area of ellipse and during the solution of equation of motion we have seen that this area remains constant and then we defined emittance statistical which corresponds to second moment of the particle distribution in the position and angles second moment whether this quantity remains constant or not we have not seen that. So taking a simple example we check whether this quantity remains constant or not. So let us suppose that our initial point is here and then beam progress in this way in this direction beam propagates in this direction and reaches here and this length is L take it as a simple drift and emittance here is emittance 1 and emittance here is emittance 2. We have to see whether emittance 2 is equal to emittance 1 or not if it is there we say that in a statistical definition also emittance remains constant. So we check it. So suppose here you can say x 2 is equal to at this point will be x 1 plus L x 1 prime and x 2 prime is equal to x 2 x 1 what we have did we have applied the transfer matrix of the drift so we can write down x 2 and x 2 prime in terms of x 1 and x 1 prime. So now at the location of s is equal to s 2 we calculate the rms emittance. So what will be the rms emittance it will be emittance 2 is equal to we can put it square here this will be x 2 square x 2 prime square minus x 2 x 2 prime square this is the emittance at the location 2. Now put all these variables in terms of the initial condition so at the place of x 2 we will write down x 1 plus L x 1 prime square and x 2 prime is equal to x 1 prime so x 1 prime square minus x 1 prime and x 1 plus L x 1 prime and square if we calculate this they should come out with a equivalent to the emittance at location 1. So let us do that this will be x 1 square plus twice L x 1 x 1 prime plus L square x 1 prime square and x 1 prime square just I have opened the bracket here again we will do the same kind of thing so you will get x 1 x 1 prime plus L x 1 prime square and it is square. So again we will see that this will be multiplied by this so we will get x 1 square x 1 prime square now this multiplied by this will give you plus twice L x 1 x 1 prime here x 1 prime square now multiply this with this you will get L square x 1 prime square x 1 prime square similarly we square this term so you will get minus x 1 x 1 prime square plus L square x 1 prime square x 1 prime square plus twice L x 1 x 1 prime x 1 prime square now you can see that this is cancelled by this and this is cancelled by this and we have x 1 square x 1 prime square minus this term this is x 1 x 1 prime square and this is emittance 1 at the location so emittance at the location 2 is equal to emittance at the location 1 so statistical emittance also remains constant now if particle gains some energy we were talking about the cases when we are having the constant energy we did not mention the energy in our equation of motion means all the particles are having with the same energy now if it passes through the cavity the energy changes whether the emittance remains constant in that case or not we will see this now suppose consider a particle which is having momentum vector like this in this direction so this shows you the transverse momentum px and this is the longitudinal momentum px and angle of trajectory of this particle is defined by px by px now this particle gets some acceleration due to RF cavity when it traverses through the RF cavity the electric field of that cavity increases the energy now electric field in the RF cavity always in the direction of orbit or path means it increases the momentum in the direction of propagating means px so px component has been increased while px remains same and again you can see the vector p as larger magnitude because energy has been of gained through the RF cavity but px remains same so now angle of trajectory of this particle with respect to design trajectory will be defined like this px by ps plus qv by c so denominator has been increased numerator is same means value of x prime has been reduced when value of x prime has been reduced means emittance has been reduced so during acceleration the emittance we defined does not remain constant it remains constant only if energy is constant this can also be understood in this way x prime is equal to px by ps so ps is approximately equal to p because we are working in the paraxial approximation so whole momentum is equal to the longitudinal momentum so at the longitudinal momentum we can write down gamma beta cm during acceleration gamma beta increases so again when gamma beta increases x prime reduces so again we can see in this fashion that when gamma beta increases x prime decreases so if we multiply emittance with gamma beta then it can remain constant so as gamma beta increases that increases the numerator denominator both because we have multiplied emittance with the gamma beta then emittance remains constant so if we multiply emittance with gamma beta then this new term is known as normalized emittance so normalized emittance remains constant even though we are accelerating the particles now we see the finally how the ellipse we have seen that at different location ellipse will have different orientation different elongation we take one such example when particles are passing through the drift space that is the simple example so suppose at location first location the ellipse is like this right the whole all the particles on the periphery of this ellipse has been propagated up to this point son how the ellipse will look like because this is a drift space so maximum angle will not change because particles trajectory is angle will remain constant because there is no force angle can be changed only if we apply the force so particles go in the street in the direction already they have so x prime will remain constant so x prime will be like this but as particles are going like this you can see that after certain distance the maximum amplitude may increase the maximum amplitude may increase means here the maximum amplitude force this here it has been increased to this way so ellipse will be bounded between these points now draw an ellipse between these boundaries keeping the area same as of this ellipse because this is now elongated so width of this ellipse would be reduced so this is the ellipse at this location there is this ellipse or these particles go further downstream to this point and reaches here so what will be the ellipse when it reaches here again it will be bounded vertically in the same boundaries angle angles of these particles do not change and the maximum amplitude is further increased so maximum amplitude of width at translation displacement is further larger than this value so ellipse will be more tilted like this more tilt and more elongated but less width to have the constant in this fashion we can draw ellipse so I left one exercise for all of you that you draw the ellipse is just before a focusing lens and just after the focusing lens so just before take the ellipse in this orientation because it is the diverging beam and after quadrupole or focusing lens suppose beam has now convergent behavior so how the ellipse will be there just after the quadrupole it is left as an exercise for so references are seen and in next lecture you will see more on these


Hi, I'm Chef Nini Nguyen and today I want to make sense of milk alternatives, whether you're making a recipe and you run out of milk or you want to avoid milk and dairy completely. Here are some things that you'll need to know. So let's look at some of the non-dairy alternatives that I have right here. I want to start with soy milk. It can be used for sweet and savory cooking. Next we have oat milk. So with oat milk it's normally a little bit thicker and it has a very, very neutral flavor. Whenever you're using it in a sauce you definitely want to put this at the end of the recipe because it does like to curdle. Now for rice milk, rice milk is going to be a lot thinner and you want to always shake up your milks before using it. But you can see it's nice and white just like milk but way, way thinner. It has no fat and rice milk is kind of sweet and so I would either use it for a light soup with already sweet ingredients like a butternut squash soup or I would just stick to the desserts. Alright, last but not least coconut milk. Coconut milk is going to be thicker than regular milk. It's creamier, it has a lot more fat because coconut is such a delicious flavor and it's fatty and rich. It's really, really good in spicy dishes. Some desserts. Here I have a simple pancake recipe made with regular whole milk and one with the oat milk substitute. So I'm going to do oat milk on the left. The bat you can already see the difference in the texture of the batter themselves. The milk one is a little bit thicker, the oat milk is a little bit thinner and it kind of spreads out. So I'm going to flip this over. Look how pretty. This one's rising, the bubbles are a little bit bigger but this one's rising pretty well for a milk alternative. Now let's see how the milk one turned out. Now the milk one is definitely rising a lot higher than our oat milk. And I can tell right now the edges of the milk pancake is going to be a little bit crispier. So for the oat milk, let's cut it open. It's a little chewier, you can kind of see how it pulls. The pancake itself is a little flatter but it's still pretty fluffy and it doesn't taste bad, it tastes pretty good. It's not as fluffy as this one. Now let's give it a taste. The other one you can kind of see when you pull it, it's a little chewier, this one looks a lot more tender. It's definitely lighter, the caramelization is great and it's very very soft but I wouldn't be mad at any of these. So we have some dairy alternatives that are really really easy to substitute for milk, like yogurt. So yogurt is thicker and it has like a creamy tangy taste and you can definitely substitute yogurt for milk. Now since it is tangy, you can add a little bit of sugar or butter, the sweetness kind of counter or offsets the tanginess. And you want to make sure you're using clean yogurt. You do not want to use like vanilla but this is really great for say mac and cheese or any baked good. I find it adds a little tang that makes things kind of taste better. And now we can talk about sour cream. Sour cream is very similar to yogurt in the sense that it's very very thick and creamy. It has a higher fat content so you definitely don't need to add butter but you can add a little sweetener if you want it to be less tangy. Now we have evaporated milk and evaporated milk is basically reduced milk. There is a good amount of sugar in evaporated milk so you want to be careful on what recipe you decide to use to substitute evaporated milk for fresh milk. Now in a pinch if you don't have anything else you can use water. Your dish won't be as creamy and your baked goods will not rise as it should but you can add a tablespoon of butter to a cup of water to kind of replace that fat that the milk would have contributed. All of the substitutions I've introduced to you today can be used for a one to one ratio. So a cup of milk will be a cup of thinned out evaporated milk, thinned out yogurt, a cup of coconut milk or oat milk whatever you like. Alright now let's go back to the pancake test. So here I have a yogurt batter and then I have a milk batter. Alright so let's see how this looks. Perfect, nice golden brown. Now I'm going to flip the yogurt one. Brown as well so because our substitute was yogurt which also has lactose it does create the nice golden color that you want and it's just as fluffy as the milk one. Alright let's try the regular pancake first. Alright, nice tender, crumb, fluffy, soft. I just love how golden brown it is. Let's look at the yogurt one. It's pretty tender, it kind of pulls a little bit when I try to break it apart but it's really fluffy. It has a slight tang to it but I'm not mad about it because I love a little tang in my pancake anyways. The flavor is very very similar. It's a lot closer than the oat milk. If you were really to compare if you had this at the same table I don't think that people would think that these are two different batters. So I hope that these tips can help you out whether you're in a pinch or if you're trying to become a vegan but either way embrace experimentation and don't stress. Cheers.


We told you, Sabathia, the 17th pitcher all time, to reach 3,000 strikeouts. He's just the third lefty all time joining Hall of Famers Randy Johnson, John Flaherty's buddy, and Steve Carlton, another Hall of Famer. I mean, it's incredible company, John, and, you know, you think about Sabathia getting to this place a few years ago, it looked like he was done. I mean, he had really struggled in 2013, 2014, the beginning of 2015 was hurt. And now he's put together an outstanding final few seasons to get this milestone and to still be effective as he's doing it. You wonder when Sisi Sabathia retires and he's able to kind of separate himself from his career, which players eventually get to the point and you start to appreciate things a little bit more than when you're grinding through it. And I wonder if these last couple of years he's actually going to be prouder of them than he was at the beginning where he was a young flamethrower and just dominating lineups. He's had to do it a little bit differently at the end. He'll probably be prouder of those years than the beginning.


Hi, have you seen a person with extreme mood swings and also sometimes being very sad? You heard me right, when you look at these two things together in a same person, we are looking at something called as the bipolar disorder. Let us now look into the 10 points about bipolar disorder. Number one, it is characterized by extreme mood swings and also a phase of low mood. That is, it involves mania as well as depression. Point number two, what do we mean by mania? Mania essentially involves unusually being happy and also sometimes they have no need to sleep. They have increased energy levels as well as some risky behaviors also. Number three, when we talk about depression, what we mean by depression is that unusually being sad for a longer period of time than we can usually expect. Also that sadness cannot be cheered up. They might have difficulties in sleep and appetite as well as guess what, they will be unusually tired as well and not being interested to talk to a lot of people. Sometimes suicidal thoughts as well. Number four, there are different types of bipolar disorders. Bipolar one and bipolar two. Bipolar one is characterized by intense manic episodes wherein the individual will be really active or overly active as well as as I told you earlier, highly in an unusual elated mood or euphoric mood and they'll be decreased need for sleep. Such episodes are more pronounced as part of bipolar one whereas bipolar two is characterized by less intense manic episodes rather we call it as hypomania and also more pronounced depressive episodes wherein the individual will be most often sad and as I told you the sadness is something of a quality where they will not be in a position to be cheered up so easily. And the other symptoms of depressive episode or symptoms that I pointed out earlier. Then the next point or the fifth point is impact on daily functioning or impact on life. This particular condition really affects once daily functioning their relationships work life as well as the overall quality of life which needs to be taken seriously and therefore requires help. The sixth point is that treatment options. Treatment options for bipolar disorder usually involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy as well as lifestyle changes in order to manage the symptoms of this particular condition. Consult a psychiatrist for medications and for the other symptoms to be managed consult a clinical psychologist. Point number seven triggers and stressors. Do note that a lot of triggers and stressors can influence the frequency and the intensity of the mood swings in people with bipolar disorder. Point number eight building a strong support network. For people with bipolar disorder it is very crucial and essential to build a strong support network of family friends and healthcare professionals involved. Point number nine stigma surrounding this condition. As you all know stigma generally around mental health itself can be a challenging issue which can also be a problem for people with bipolar disorders to seek help. Therefore raising awareness is very crucial in managing and helping this disorder. Also when I say stigma it also involves awareness. What do you mean by awareness? Awareness means this disorder can be confused with some other disorders which can have very similar symptoms such as borderline personality disorder for example. So therefore do consider consulting a professional or a mental health professional in order for you to know what it is and then get the right help. Point number ten self-care and coping strategies. It is important to develop self-care routine practicing stress reduction techniques and also developing some coping strategies for individuals who are suffering with bipolar disorders.


This is when the narcissist comes back, the narcissist may have discarded you and acted as though they were moving on to something better or greater. They wanted you to think that they were so much happier without you as though you were the cause of the problem and now that problem is no longer a part of their lives. And although narcissists are good at planning and coordinating the element of a situation to produce a desired effect, sometimes they really do believe that they're onto something. They really do believe that they've struck gold, only to later discover that they were sold a dream. After they had sold that same dream to you, narcissists are very gullible. They are easily persuaded to believe something. It is actually very easy to manipulate a narcissist in the love-bombing phase. They will believe whatever you tell them. They are more willing to trust a stranger over their own family. So whatever you display to them, they will believe to be true. It is very easy for someone to deceive a narcissist. It is very easy to give them a mistaken impression. To make them believe there's something that they're not. Because the narcissist wants to believe that they've finally found their perfect supply. That's all the narcissist ever wanted. Someone they can use to meet their own needs. Someone they can use to hurt you. That's all the narcissist is thinking about when they target a new source. But they didn't expect that source to do the same thing to them. They didn't expect the source to be lying to them. Cheating on them. Using them for their own selfish needs. Using them to hurt someone else. They didn't expect their new source to be doing any of that. Because maybe the new source sold them a dream. They made them believe something that wasn't true. They made them believe there was something they're not. And the narcissist was eating it with a spoon. They were loving every moment of it. Without ever suspecting that maybe they were being taken advantage of. When the narcissist finally realizes that the new source was deceiving them. Naturally they will be very angry. They won't want anything to do with that new source anymore. They know there's no future. In something that started out as a lie. They know that they cannot trust the new source. And now they also want to get revenge. They want to get back at the new source. And the easiest way for them to do this is to come back to you. But it's not because they love you. It's not because they care about you. They're just going to use you to get back at the new source. Maybe they lied to the narcissist. Maybe they cheated on them. And now the narcissist is really mad. They want to get revenge. And they just see you as a tool that they can use to do that. The narcissist thought the grass was greener on the other side. But they do sometimes get tricked by other sources that may be narcissistic. Narcissists can be very vulnerable when they discard you. When they look for other sources of supply. They can be very gullible. And anyone can manipulate them. Anyone can sell them a dream. Anyone can lie to them. Or cheat on them. And just give them a taste of their own medicine. And that is when they will come running back to you. That is when they will try to use you to get back at whoever hurt them. You cannot entertain the revenge hoover. You cannot let them back in. Because they're just going to do the same thing all over again. Only this time it's going to be worse. They're not going to love or respect you or anyone. They're just going to use you as a puppet to punish someone else. Thank you for watching. I hope this video wears out with you. Please like, comment, share and subscribe. Click the bell icon to receive notifications for my future videos. Check out the new Narx Viva website at www.narxviva.co.uk Where you can read my blog posts, book coaching sessions and join the support forum. If you are delighted tonight, my paypal link is in the video description. Coaching inquiries, you can email me at coaching.narxviva.co.uk Thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon.


Hello, everyone. This is Professor Albrecht Lassen. Here is Martina once again. We're changing our style once again And we are here in our studio kind of You know, it's modern media. Why not sometimes as opposed to all used to this anyway, you love to watch films So we just do it from time to time The very practical reason why I'm doing this together with Martina today is because once again, I'm out of town I'm invited to give some guest lectures at Westfield State University in Massachusetts That's one of those things, you know scholars are being invited And so I have to be away from time to time to share some of my research with other students and other colleagues Today's job, however, is to talk about Ocasin and Nicolette as a very unusual text The good thing is in a way that Martina does not quite know the text. That's perfect so then she can kind of serve in your function and Just ask the same kind of questions and she will be very curious about it I thought before we start with Ocasin and Nicolette, which is a French text We're not quite sure when 13th century and we'll talk much more later. I thought would be good idea Just to give you also some visuals Right and Russians are always very nice. I've given you from time to time an idea of how medieval manuscripts look like and They're quite quite fascinating aren't they? I mean, even if you're not an art historian, but when we look at some of the artwork It's I think it's quite stunning what they they did. So why don't we start with that? I turn my book aside and Just like to give you a couple of examples They are not necessarily related. All right, so we do have only one manuscript of Ocasin and Nicolette That's in Paris, Bibliothèque Nationale. We don't have any very particular nice Illustrations, but since our text. It's a literary text reflects in many ways life at large, right? And so we have kings, we have Dukes and we are Senate shells. We have merchants. We have harbors We have forests. The whole spectrum of life is there So why not to simply take a look at some of the manuscripts and get a sense I brought two manuscripts with me or rather facsimiles. You know what a facsimile is? So I know I don't know how to explain in English, but I know Well, just I mean like as we say a facsimile, you know when I send a fax The modern word facts. I'm sending a fax is really a short form for facsimile Now we'll show you later We have the great details. This is a modern print So this is a medieval manuscript and the modern printers the publishers have recreated this manuscript Precisely that's the way how it looks like they copied it in a way So you can see all the dirt and all the holes or whatever it is precisely the same as You have it in original, but it's a copy. So modern technology can do it today So I thought we will take a look at a couple of those examples this is a smaller one and I want to use the other one just to give you a sense of how Artists at that time 13th century Reflected courtly culture makes sense. I think right. So what I would like to start with this is a major major huge manuscripts and It deals with the history of Alexander the Great Probably familiar with that. It's one of those large stories people always like to talk about and we have these fabulous manuscripts Actually, so we all know these manuscripts are made out of animal skin So if we take that a whole book, let's say Let's say 200 pages How many animals they think had to die had to give their life their skin they will play these poor guys What do you think how many animals had to die hundred pages?  Yeah Well, I think about the size of the body Yeah cows pretty big, but it depends on how big were the The pages what the page is usually right there. It was as we see 200 You know, you cannot take the skin of a leg very well That doesn't quite work and the face if you cut the face it doesn't work so well You have to be the belly or you know the side so you get a nice big page so You cannot take every skin 20 I Think you underestimate that's a for such a nice book as certainly maybe 150 150 Animals so you can imagine if they want to write the entire Bible. Oh My goodness not the entire Bible then yeah, maybe 500 animals for the oh my gosh Well, it's not such a Traumatic thing imagine these animals have to be butchered anyway, you know people have to eat So let's say you have a monastery with let's say 300 monks. They have to eat every day So they have to butcher every day So every day you have at least five to ten sheep or whatever They have to be butchered. Otherwise, they don't have enough meat So but it's still it's a major enterprise Why don't we start with this big one Alexander the great and I just lift it up a little bit We have later some very nice close-ups, but you can see this is a huge huge Manuscript and we basically disappear behind it. You don't see us right there So let me just get up a little bit so that you can see and Martina You can take a look at it together with me What strikes you first of all? I mean this is a page That is supposed to be part of a book, but we wouldn't have our books like that today, right? What strikes you maybe as being really different compared to to modern books? The colors yeah a lot of colors Even the text has different colors red black So different types of ink and If you then see all this here you call this the margin huge margins and They really intriguing things if you look at the details my god, they're strawberries Mmm delicious strawberries. I'm getting hungry Flowers sometimes there are monsters. They're sometimes really odd little things The artists seem to have had a lot of freedom and they enjoyed really Painting whatever they just could of course the central part is the one event here We'll take a closer look later. That's Alexander the great There's a tent soldiers We have a castle city in the background some trees some elevations stones rocks plans All kinds of things a tent very beautiful 10 very luxurious Of course these are art object books for the nobility. So really luxury items I wouldn't even be able to tell you how much such a manuscript really would have cost I would think at least equivalent. Let's say for this one alone. Maybe like a superclass of a Porsche or Mercedes. I mean really 40 to $60,000 maybe even more now so and if you think about if you hold up this one this little manuscript This is a facsimile That even as a modern print that cost something like $500 So because the printing is so expensive. They cannot just simply print they have to run it Mainly many different times to get all the colors So these are we and the paper is very very thick. So even the modern facsimiles are very very expensive Let me just turn over to another page, which I find very interesting which will also will help us beautifully Here a scene Well, what do you see Martina or big ship a castle many soldiers And just be facetious. Would you entrust yourself to the ship? Does it look like? Inviting yeah, I mean, do you think you will be able to traverse the ocean? It's very detailed You have masks you have all the I mean, it's very very detailed as a ship. So the the artist might have really known Ship ships seafaring voyage at least he's trying really hard to give us an idea, right? So That makes it interesting art historians can help us a lot to understand much more about that time And so since we will talk a lot about seafaring today, there's a lot of crossing the water once again very common theme It's interesting to see this By the way here again, we have strawberries a lot of strawberries other kinds of fruit and Really quite quite interesting and let me just turn over the page just to give you another very interesting scene We have even entertainment. I mean this entertainer look at this guy. What is this guy doing? Very funny. So we have a court this society there and they all watch this guy We will call him today a tumbler or you know an athlete or an acrobat in the Circus maybe so these are people who just entertain people other people. So the court wants to have these tumblers and We have interesting perspective right into the city We have a little garden scene there and also I think very interesting fashion You notice I mean we can really tell the way how people were dressed at that time. That's standard clothing So art historians The logists historians can all collaborate nicely to get a good idea how that culture looked like So I think I just turned over one more so you get a little bit different impression this is huge and The funny thing is even in the cleave right there It begins to break its its color over it indicates how the actual manuscript looks like so you have much more text here We have a smaller image that is an initial so that represents actually a letter and then much more text They obviously didn't finish you can see they started doing the marginal drawings and Well, maybe they ran out of time out of money, whatever But at least we have the text from time to time. We have very beautiful initials and You can see stains here You can see all kinds of dirt there so on there You know the way how you turn over a page when you turn over a page What do you do and let's say the page doesn't turn properly with my finger?  So what we can do today. Can you imagine that we have found the DNA? So we found remnants of the saliva off. Let's say 14th century readers Turning over the page There's a random of human DNA and we can identify precisely today who Read the book at what time because of the DNA. It's like criminology. It's not hilarious so all kinds of interesting things are happening also medieval studies and Or maybe let's turn over to the other book This is a very beautiful little book by Gaston de Paris and It is a hunting book In other words, it is a book Which shows how to do hunting? Have you ever gone hunting? No, would you? No, I wouldn't either. I've never gone hunting.  I cannot I have a hard time even killing a fly sometimes But these people seem to have gone seem to have gone hunting a lot, right? Why? I mean it was a very common thing in higher society, right? Even like after the Middle Ages still a long time, right? 1900s. Yeah, entertainment. Yeah sports Free time free time Challenging activities knighthood preparing for that All those those things I think are very important. It's part of noble activities. Yeah, social aspects social aspects correct cultural aspects It's also showing off your own individual skills. You know if you can kill a boar for example I mean don't think about the little javelinas Here in Arizona we have javelinas. They're tiny little peccaries. I'm not so bad in Europe We have boars. Have you ever seen a boar in Germany? In Germany that these big boars a herd of boars. I've seen it. I'm a creature with a boar Boars in Wiltschwein. Oh, yeah. Oh boy. They are monsters animals huge and heavy They can destroy an entire field over night. I Mean digging out everything there ever was planted I've seen that there feel the farmer had plowed had planted potatoes a whole huge field I don't know four or five acres the next morning everything was dug up. No potato left Everything was destroyed. So these are ferocious animals And if you want to hunt them Skin is thick and if you don't have a really good gun and we don't have guns So it is dangerous really even for the best hunters Anyway, so what I'm saying is hunting is a great sport and it shows whether someone has all the skills You know nightly skills now this manuscript is very small and very hard to see we'll try later to give you a close-up and But it just gives us all kinds of scenes how people were hunting what techniques they used what animals they were hunting What weapons they used and what strategies they had dogs They had different types of forcing animals into corner and then scaring them or they build pits or something like that But what is really valuable once again? We have all these beautiful marginal drawings the details if the miniatures and We can learn a lot about what kind of plants exist the trees What kind of weapons these? Nights used to what extent they used farmers to do all the hunting and of course you'll also have text So Gaston wrote here really a very detailed very elaborate book about hunting and So this is one of the beautiful Valuable manuscripts today housed in the BP take national one of the great libraries of the world that's just a gems and We would call them bibliophile items, so items that book lovers really enjoy and If you ever want to take a look at any of these books You can do that. You don't have to go to Paris. You don't have to go to work in Britain You can simply go to our special collections This is right there. You know our library the East Wing when you enter the library then But rather before you enter the library then you go to the East Wing and Online actually can find another YouTube video where I and James Howell Introduced you to special collections, so I invite you to take a look at that. So hey, we are on TV already Excellent, so a little bit the bibliophile history history of books now. Let's turn actually to our actual story we want to talk about and Ocasar Nicolette, this is a Absolutely amazing strange story and the good thing is that Martina doesn't know it so I have to kind of summarize the story and then you will fire with questions at me so she will kind of help you all getting through the text and She will serve as your mouthpiece in a way Hopefully, of course. Yes, so I would think I just go quickly through some of the highlights and Give you the introduction. Of course, you do have an introduction that I've written here It is one of those strange texts. We call it shant the phablet meaning that the poet Sometimes falls into verse. So it's really like a song and then he returns to prose So he goes back and forth so you can see this actually in the entire text Yes, sometimes the poem then you have okay verse at least then you have the narrative again and In essence, it is a very simple very sweet little love story once again. You have a prince a prince who has a problem and We have read that before Marie de France had a young prince who had a problem. Do you remember? This young man who was not actually in love and then he was going hunting and Then he was wounded and then he traveled and then he fell in love with this lady Gijama, right? So anyway, so there's some similarities with the exception that now this young man is in love But he loves according to his father the wrong woman Father doesn't like whom he loves Sounds modern sounds familiar Yeah, right that happens all the time Whatever let's say today might not be the right social class or the father might be racist Or whatever or religious conflicts. We have it all the time Let's say a Christian man falls in love with a Muslim woman or a Muslim man falls in love with a Jewish man Oh, whatever These are problems that do not go away Right, would you all agree with me? That this is nothing that goes away. We still need to talk with about these things But it's I think hide to talk about the current conflicts. We are so much involved So again, I would like to say it's great to have this literary story It's a lens like a little telescope and once we have gone through this. We will suddenly get a sense of oh It is really us in a different way So who does he love? young Ocasin Christian Prince, of course loves Nicolette Nicolette Used to be a Saracen Arabic Saracen is the pejorative term negative term for Muslim or Arabic woman We never learn anything really about her religious background We only know that she was captured at some point by pirates and sold us a slave So she has entered the slave market Even in the Middle Ages, we do have slaves It's an interesting story. We'll talk about that in a minute So she was bought by her you'd say foster father and who baptized her And I'm sure force baptism Getting problematic, but this author doesn't really talk about it. At least she is now a Christian a young Christian woman, but of Arabic descent the author never quite addresses that but she certainly looks Arabic Actually, we know that she comes from Tunisia. There's the reference to Carthage and Carthage was a famous ancient city Queen Diado had lived there. Anyway, that's ancient history and the ruins of Carthage Today located near Tunis the capital of Tunisia Whether the people or the author read understood much about that doesn't really matter for us What matters is I think we have here an extremely interesting example About something I like to call Synology, have you ever heard that word? Xeno Xeno meaning foreign alien So the difference between one culture and the other and so what we do today a lot in Humanities in general in anthropology sociology religious studies with We do Synology we study how people perceive the other It's quite interesting actually German studies does that a lot you know looking at Turkish cultures Turkish German writers and there are lots and lots of issues even today a Japanese Americans Chinese Americans Korean Americans All kinds of other people live in our country and we have all kinds of problems today and the same thing of course happened in the Middle Ages, right? That's People always migrated people always moving around always issue of that sort Right, so it makes sense. Wouldn't you agree that even from a modernist perspective? It makes good sense, right? I mean Germany has a lot of problems and France has a lot of problems Did you ever see any problem? I don't quite know on a personal level. Oh my personal yeah, yeah Actually, no, but I know what what exist. Yeah. Yeah, all enough. I have never seen anything either I mean I have lived in Germany after one gone back to Germany many many times actually every year And I know there are lots of foreigners and I hear all kinds of problems But I myself have never Witnessed well actually once and that was actually directed against my own son so anyway And this story it's incredible It's 13th century and let's use the modern word and it deals with racism Now much racism can be overcome By love I find that incredible racism Can be overcome by love. There's a beautiful movie. I've mentioned before you might remember Mississippi Masala, I don't know whether you ever heard that movie. It's a great great story about an Indian woman from Uganda who had to come with her family to United States and She falls in love with a black American Of course, both families hate this the black family doesn't want the Indian Family to connect it be connected with them so ultimately these two people just run away because they love each other and The amazing thing is that we face the same situation here in our story or Cassin and Nicolette in short the father Orcasons father Realizes that his son is in love with this young girl does like that. He's telling him very point blank no, you cannot do that and At the same time the father has a huge problem because he's in a war So he needs his son really to fight the war for him because the father's old so the young man Tries to negotiate with his father at some point says For one kiss if I may kiss her once Then I will fight so the father says all right do that.  Okay. Let me kiss her and the father says No, confident no contract with you regarding that girl. I will ever hold So the father breaks all of his promises That's amazing So you have a huge problem huge conflict between father and son over the love He wants to develop he has passionately On to cut short a little bit. This doesn't work. Of course because ultimately The opposition is so strong both are thrown into prison both sides try to hold these people apart You know, they're really fighting very very hard. How can we prevent this love to develop further? Do you think that can ever happen when two people love each other and The families are against it What do you think will happen? well one Idealistically probably they're gonna turn their backs to their own family. I hope so Right, so of course, that's why we all together in this class We hope that we we believe in the true power of love and love that can overcome all difficulties right and love as the ultimate force that makes you to know the person and Well in modern terms that we will all become colorblind because we believe in love Right, irrespective of skin color background social background religion. It doesn't matter when you fall in love That's what you do Again to cut short there's several wars back and forth the father betrays his son repeatedly and ultimately the girl and Nicolette runs away and And so she disappears for a while. Okay, so it's very distraught Almost the despairing but he follows somehow his mistress travels and bannens his father as well and We then get to Two very interesting scenes and I would like to focus on both a little bit. First of all Nicolette Disappears in a forest, so she just hides in a forest and That is a scene on page. Let me just go there So we have this right away. This is on page 462. So if you could help me turn to page 462 and The Ocasana has now excuse me Nicolette. That's the girl has met a group of children While she is trying to hide in the forest Did we have for us before yes, let's say in Peace Claveré we had forest So the secret space we have had Walter von der Vogelweide in the one poem Remember under the Linden it's beautiful poem. Well, they're not in the forest, but they are right at the edge of the forest and Right there under the Linden tree They could realize their love. It's like almost a utopia away from society. It's beautiful, right? That was a wonderful wonderful poem and Here the girl Nicolette hides in the forest and she tells the children in case Ocasana might arrive Would you read this? Where is it right there? Oh Right at the top the first line. Okay. Tell him that there is a beast in this forest and that He is to come and hunt it and if he can take it. He would not part with one limb of it for a hundred for a hundred gold marks May not for five hundred nor for any price So it's the image or the metaphor of the hunt once again for that reason Gaston is a great example So everyone is hunting and in this case hunting for Love But why would she call him a beast? Why does she call herself a beast? Because love is ferocious It cannot be controlled and If he can manage to win her he has found the ultimate goal. It's just like Gizemar tracing his beloved Difficult crossing the ocean danger and Ultimately, of course then these two get together and the hunt is successful Okay, once again, how does he hunt her? He doesn't hunt you. He simply goes into the forest I find her. Yeah, he actually he breaks he falls and he breaks a bone and then she finds him and then he heals him So she becomes once again the Active actually this is the other point really the most amazing active person and So she is really doing this as an example of how strong women could be at that time She act actively Engages him. She actively pursues him. She actively sets up the setting so that They both can ultimately find each other We could explore this further We have had it a little bit in Elie Duke where the story also shows us the strong woman and Here it is much more the woman who is well a victim and yet a woman who can take on Agency I don't know whether you're familiar with that word. I love that word agency. She assumes her own Responsibility she she actively Structures her own life we call it now in feminist studies or gender studies Agency take on your own life pursue your own life be responsible for your own life So they both get together And that there's some color a couple of other difficulties And I want us to jump to the end in order to illustrate also How curious the whole text then can become because we have then this very curious experience of these two people the two lovers who Go to a foreign country They cannot really live either in the Christian world Nor in the world of her family. I mean at one point Nicolette actually gets home. She is recognized once again as the daughter of the sultan. So everyone is very happy, but She is not happy because her love drives her even away from our own family Very remarkable reflection The story is not idealizing Christianity and it's not idealizing Islam it simply shows there are two families two cultures They do not talk to each other But the two people Overcome they disregard all religious differences. Actually, there's no discussion about religious religious issues they just overcome those because they love each other and This is beautifully illustrated in The one story which I have to look for that is the story of the country of so-called Tori Lora It's just a little snapshot. We might say very odd situation They just travel. Let's put it this way and They come to this kingdom of Tori Lora where they first find and you will be surprised find the king lying in child bed Expecting delivery He thinks he's pregnant Wait a minute So they ask him then. Oh That's odd and then they ask where's your wife and He says well, why I am lying in child bed. My wife herself deal on the on the War field and she's fighting a war Okay, what so they go out and they observe the army the armies fighting against each other with cheese sausages Fruit vegetables, they're throwing these things again food fight. We would say Are they all women or is it just his wife? No, that's his wife Yeah, so just these two change gender and thereby it becomes a very odd story, I Think it's a reversal of everything and fighting with food is almost a reference to the country of cocaine In Germany's la raffle land the country of cocaine where there's lots and endless amount of food That's sort of a little playful illusion. The other one is however a deliberate attempt at Transgression nothing is right in this story Let's begin father not right Her father not right The entire country in the Christian world is not right And then she has to escape although she loves him Both get together and again. She is the active person because she kind of lures him into the forest and He has to follow her commands He has he's drawn to her and he goes with her and then when we travel when they both travel and then they come to this Country of Torah Laura, they realize oh my god everything is topsy-turvy so the this doesn't experience of How Constructed everything is I think it's a wonderful term society is constructed Genders are constructed. I mean that's what society does right? That's actually the latest Position that research takes in gender studies. Sure. We do have a by a lot biological gender but socially our gender is constructed and The poet already knew this of course He doesn't change the gender of the Nicolette and Oka son But he changes the gender the social gender of the king of Torah Laura and his wife and just plays whether it shows how things can be different and Then the amazing thing is that's very typical of a of a literary text. It just ends like that We don't hear any outcome and we don't know what happens with the Oka son Nicolette.  That's not your role back to your your gender roles So they try really to reestablish this The poet only projects the possibility of this very curious Playfulness and eludes to the constructiveness of all of society And if you take into view once again, how much father and son were fighting at the beginning if you consider how much this young girl was abducted enslaved and then baptized Doesn't really care and then she runs away and then they both get together again. How much life is is so Fickle there are no Steady forces except for one There's only one stable force in life You know what I'm talking about What I mean in light of all this Nothing holds steady no family relationships no political structures no gender roles, but one thing is always There love so the story puts love on this high pedestal and says Irrespective of all the vanguaries of life Irrespective of fortune and changes and instability Irrespective of social class irrespective of race irrespective of religion Love is there and love will always stay there So it's a little playful literary Utopia might say again a little sarcastic sarcastic and he's very free-weeding. This is a poet who cares about nothing We have only one manuscript so we don't quite know how popular the text was but we regard this today I was one of these little literary gems because absolutely and finally glorifies love which transcends all Barriers all borders and we have a beautiful latin statement which traverses all medieval literature Amor vincit omnia love conquers all Thank you very much, and I see you then on Thursday. Thank you so much


There are certain ethical dilemmas that we are able to foresee even before we step into the field. These define the nature and method of our engagement from the beginning. One of these is deciding whether our research is covert or overt. Research could be covert or overt depending on what we are investigating. For example, someone doing research on human trafficking may not reveal what she is because it may endanger some of her participants or impede her research and even place her at risk. Such kind of a research is called covert research where participants are not aware that they are a part of the research. Overt research as the word implies is where we present ourselves to participants as researchers and share with them the broad objectives of our study. On ethical fronts, the covert position is often considered problematic. But there are certain areas of research in which this cannot be avoided. These often include studies on subjects which are considered deviant, illegal, or immoral by mainstream society. However, the choice between being covert or overt is rarely a zero-sum decision. In most ethnographic engagements, there are some aspects of the research that are revealed to participants and some that are not. Also, the researcher may be overt with some participants who they trust and want to be on the same page with while being covert with others. In situations such as these, how do we decide what is the most ethical choice? It is important to be conscious of the calls we take because our decisions can impact the lives of our participants and of the community they represent. There isn't a concrete set of do's and don'ts listing out research ethics. Instead, the emphasis is on self-reflexivity. By presenting these examples, what we have tried to do is to show the kind of ethical dilemmas we may face in doing fieldwork and how we may be conscious in our on-field engagements. As we close our discussion on on-field engagements and the dilemmas they sometimes bring, we have to admit that in carrying out a research, there is a selfish motive also on our part. We want to do the best for our project. It is critical though that when we come to taking these such decisions, we weigh the benefits and harms that our work might have for our participants and their community. In this, it is better to err on the side of less rather than more intervention. Research no matter how it benefits a large group cannot come at the expense of the individuals who knowingly or unknowingly participate in the creation of this knowledge. Here, we have for you some readings on ethics in ethnographic research and a quiz based on the material. Our next module is about how we learn through observation and participation in the field.


It's DDK and I'm back today with another video. Shout out to you for tuning in. If you're not subscribed, do me a favor and smash that subscribe button. We almost have to give away, baby. We will be doing a giveaway when we get $50,000 subscribers. We're giving away $500. First place, $250. Second place, $150. And third place, $100. Don't go off there and pop your collar after you get these dollars. In today's video, I have some terrible news, but I'll tell you the truth. I will no longer be doing any Metro B Produce orders.  Unfortunately, that's, it is what it is, baby. Hey, stay tuned and stick around so you can find out what happened, baby. Hey, don't forget to smash the subscribe button. Give me a thumbs up, but do not skip those ads. Let's ride around and get it and get to this bag. Let's go. Pain in the back with that blank, new blanket. Was this pain in the back, the new blanket? Yeah, it's way harder. Yeah, I could face up. Oh, you're like in back, this one. Like the red, new blanket. Yeah, it gets in the way, because you gotta keep on opening it and all that stuff is more empty. And we are good to go. And just like that, we got everything strapped in. We about to go ahead and get these dividends and win. And also, as you guys just heard, he does not like this either because he does deliveries too. So I'm glad that he does delivery so he knows that this is critical. I just want y'all to know you're about to pull up and get dough. Let's go. We are here to drop off order number one. The day had just begun. And I hope it don't. Hey, I hope it do not rain, baby. I'm gonna say that right now. Instead of bringing to the front porch, I'll step back and hold the photos. We gone. Order number two, get this money is what we about to do, baby. We about to get this money, understand me. Understand me. He said leave him by the front though. He said behind the plant. That's what he said. Front door behind plant. This is the plant right here. That's that. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Order number three. I got a question. Why do you behave on me? Why do you behave on me, baby? I don't know. Why do they behave on anybody? That's the question. Step back and hold the photo. You already know those. We gone. Order number four. This one says leave it at the front though. It says leave it at the front door and ring the doorbell. Step back and hold the photo. You already know those. Let's go. Look at this. We are on order number five. Oh, that joint broke off. Hey kitty, kitty. I just saw a cat, baby. He said leave it on the bench. Drop it right here. Step back and hold the photos. Let's go. Order number 10. We back at it again with another order. We already getting in order. Drop it like it's high. He said leave it at the front though. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Order number 11. Guess what? Look at that skeleton, baby. Look at the skeleton. This is Halloween. Either way it goes. We're trying to get green in between. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Just like that, we are on order number 12. Look at this, baby. They told me to put it at the back door, but look. They out of pocket. Beware of dog. See, let me see what's going on. See if I jiggle that joint. Okay. Okay. Okay. That's how to drain off. I'm gonna have to jump over the gate on this joint. Make sure he ain't sneaking up quick and up on me. You know what I'm talking about? Drop this right here. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Order 13. We are against these funds, G. We having a little fun, Ski. Come on, drop like that. Hit it with the photos. Let's go. Order number one full. I'm gonna tell you right now, baby. Everybody out here driving super slow. I'm talking about Jeremy's slow, baby. Let's sit and jump right here. Bring the doorbell. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Order number 15. Guess what? It just started raining outside. It just started raining, baby. This is leaving by the side, though. Hopefully it stops soon. So we can keep on getting busy. Hit it with the photos. Let's go. Order number 20. We still out here getting to this money. Even in the rain, we're gonna still do our thing. I'm gonna put it on the stair, baby. I don't want an old problem. Probably need to open that door in the jungle. Get knocked over. Step back and hold the photos. We gone. Guess what order we on? 21. Can't do something. 21. 21 Savage if you're gonna have it. As I said, leave it at the front, though. Leave it on the front, Stu. And I have some bucks to take too. Hit it with the photos. Man, got that. Got these two boxes. And we gone. My nickname Roman, I'm mocking on the microphone. Let's go. This ain't 21, baby. It is 22. This 22 Savage, baby. So this one's gonna stay put in the garage, but the garage is not open. They say it's supposed to be open for me, but it is what it is. We gotta keep on moving and going. Step back and hold the photos. Man, we gone. Order number 23. We're here to drop off this packet so we can get this money, G. Try to get this money. You understand me? Hit them photos. Man, let's go. Order number 24. We gonna continue to keep running up the door. Guess what? It's time for us to go. Drop like it's hot. Man, let's go. Just like that. We are here to drop off order number 30. We're trying to show you be worthy, baby, but I don't know where I'm going because it's like a half number. Ooh, this joint. This joint is not open. We're looking for address 738.5, which is weird because it's like a whole bunch of storefronts right here. It's 739, so I don't know where to go. Well, we may have found it, but I'm not sure we had to go around the corner, baby. It's like an alley and it's all this type of stuff going on over here, baby. I don't know what. Oh, the what? Oh, here you go. We're at 738.5. 738.5 right here, baby. Okay, what apartment number is this? Oh, under the trees. Step back in with the photos. Let's go. Order 3-1. We got a sixth mode of go and then we're done. I can't wait to be done.    Step back in with the photos. Let's go. Guess what, baby? Finally, let me fly away. We are on our last order right now. Step back in with the photos. We're gone. And finally, we are done. We're gonna drop some funds. Hey, did we have a little fun? Not really. I'm gonna tell you guys what I don't like about the orders. Now, for that route we did, we just drove 36.36 miles. We did 38 stops and we made 181.58. We went out there and got that cake. Now, let's get into what you guys all been waiting for. Why would I no longer be doing any produce Metro B orders? I'm just gonna tell you guys the straight truth. I really don't like doing them orders like that. I don't like to stop and go on all those times.  It's just cause it get boring. It's like, stop, go, stop, go, stop, go, stop, go, stop. Yeah, I don't wanna do all that. I wanna go out there, get an order, get busy and make them dividends and win. Now, come up on 11 and let me know what you like better. I also wanna say, huge shout out to all the people who drive for Amazon and who do Amazon Flex and all that stuff. I just don't like to stop and then go on that many times. And honestly, it's not that bad when you're in the car or SUV or minivan or something. When you're in this big old Sprinter van, baby, it is not fun, especially in the city. If you're in the city, you're gonna drive through the city, the streets all narrow and all that stuff. You're trying to turn around. It's critical, baby. That's the reason why I really don't like doing the Metro B Produce Orders and I'll probably no longer be doing them anymore because it is what it is, baby. I'm gonna do what I like and I'll get my pockets tight. So I hope you guys enjoyed this video. Again, if you are not subscribed, we're doing a giveaway. So you might wanna subscribe, but I'll see you guys on the next one. Hey, don't forget, 2023 is big bags easy. We'll keep on giving a reason. I'll see you guys on the next one. We're going, we're going, we're going, until all you already know the DDK and I'm on my way.