And about myself I am DN Singh, let us talk about the course content. So let me ask you a question, what are your expectations from this course, how many mechanics courses you have done, introduce yourself. My name is Aditya. Aditya, yes, there will be so many Aditya's in the class. So Aditya Upadhyaya. Aditya Upadhyaya, yes. My question is, what you did not learn over here, which forces you to study geotechnical engineering one, which is also known as soil mechanics. Soil properties. Okay, so let us complete this list first and then this is Vis-a-Vis soil mechanics, alright, which is the modern name is Geotechnical Engineering One, yeah, you were saying something Aditya. So, in these courses we never learnt about the soil properties, on what the structures are built or how the fluid is going to get affected by the soil building. Sorry, sorry, say it again, how? On what the structures are built or the water, the fluid, how it flows and what kind of soil. Very nice. We never learnt about that. So, you have already read everything. What are your expectations? Sir, I am Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. Shashank. My name is Yash. Sorry. Yash. Yash. Yes. Okay. So, the specifications are pretty much same. Sorry. Pretty much same. Speak clearly. How soil behaves when it is exposed to water. How soil behaves. How water transmits to it. How water transmits. Transmits through it, alright. So, the property like how much strength it can be. How much strength? Very good. And nice. My name is Rohit Chaudhary. Yes. I think that for any structure, this course will help us to determine the type of foundation. We are going to. Who gave you this idea of foundations and all? Means depending upon the soil, we will choose the type of foundation. We are. You are much, much ahead of your time. You understand. See right now you have to understand the soils. Good. But that is a good application of what you are going to study over here. Foundations, alright. So, as some of you was talking about the stability of structures and all, these things will come much later. This is the time to learn ABC of a new material. So, that is why what I have done is I have listed materials as number one. You see, you are talking about fluid mechanics, structural mechanics, solid mechanics, engine mechanics. Truly speaking, this should have been an inverted pyramid. Sir, currently we are doing structural mechanics too. Forget about what you are doing. What exists? What you should be aware of? Think about it. Next. Your name, at least tell your name. I am Shantanu Chhaapariya. Okay. I am aware of this much courses only as of now. Biomechanics. Is this okay? Yeah. It is becoming very contemporary. Is this correct or not? Why? Everybody is talking about biomechanics. Biomolecular mechanics. Is this correct? So, let me tell you that civil engineers are not much behind all these things. So, once you understand the material, we can talk about all these things also later on. So, if you go to the web pages of some of the faculty members in the department, they are all active in these subjects. Any other thing which comes to your mind? Nanomaterials. Nanomechanics. You are from IIT Bombay. Is it not? IIT Bombay is famous for what? Nanocenter. Clear? Biomechanics of everything. Now, let me ask you a question. What is so common between nano material and soils? Any guess? Mahima. Yes, please. Both are small particles. Correct. How small they are? What is meant by nano? Any example of soil which you think is a nano particle? Next. Much lower in the particle size range as compared to sands. My name is Anikir. Anikir. Yes. Okay. Very good. Not knowing is not crime. Myself Shubham Surya. Maybe. Say it again. Myself Shubham Surya. Shubham. Yes. Okay. Maybe mud is a type of. Very good. So mud is a layman's language. Can you define your answer? What is mud? You are quite close. Very good. Excellent. So, clays are the nano materials. What is that I am trying to draw a similarity between? Yeah, hi. My name is Akshath. Akshath. Yes, sir. Yes, Akshath. What is the similarity I am trying to draw between the nano materials which you normally talk about in material sciences, electronics and now my question is why I am discussing this in the class which is meant for civil engineers. Maybe the properties of nano materials can be the same. Clays themselves are a nano material. Okay. So, by studying the properties of clay we can have some. Civil engineers were the first to talk about the nano materials in the history of civilization and much later came the application in the field of electronics and other fields. This is the message I am trying to give you. Okay. So, well you are right. Most of you, anything which I have left over here or you have left over here which you want to include? Yes, Ankit. So, maybe different types of soil and its properties. No, no, no. If you are talking about, you know, what is that you are interested in knowing about it. So, that we should study the mechanics of the soils which is geotechnical engineering one. Anything which we have missed out in this series. He was talking about the material. Somebody was talking about structure testing on this. Somebody was talking about the transmissivity fluid passing through this, alright. Then somebody was talking about the strength and so on. Then this guy started talking about the foundations and then I stopped them over there. I said, no, this is the application part of it, alright. You are getting the point. So, right now what we are more interested in is the material itself. Now, as an engineer, as a technologist, slowly and slowly you will start realizing what is the difference between engineers and technologists.  And what should be your role as a BTEC degree holder? I am sure you are not questioned this ever. So, today evening when you go back, please check it out, clear. So, the funda here is, right now we will just understand with whom I am interacting, who is Manan, interaction, whatever interaction. I have to understand the material first, clear. And then only I will jump on to what type of foundation I have to provide, what type of structure I have to create, what type of transmissivity I am going to talk about and so on. That will come much later. So, first of all, what you have to do is you have to just understand the material. So, most of the emphasis would be to explain to you the material with which you are going to communicate. What is the meaning of this word communication with the material? My name is Arpan Jan. Say it again, Sankpal. Arpan. Arpan, yes. So, what is the meaning of the word communication with the material? The properties. Very good. So, communication means the way you want to talk to any of your friends. You do not know the name first of all. You do not know from where the material has come, this guy has come. What is the history? Clear? And then you want to understand why he or she is here and then you want to understand how I should be approaching and talking and then further on, how I should be communicating and then maybe utilizing the person. Are you getting this feeling? So, the whole idea of teaching geotechnical engineering one is to make you conversant with the material which you have known. Everybody is born out of soils, but you have never thought about it as a technologist, as an engineer. You have never tried to communicate with it. Now, if you travel from this place to your hostels and you must be noticing because of the range how many grams, kilograms and tons of soil is getting washed out because of the range from the gymkhana. Now, this is a good example of transmissivity which you are talking about. Now, if this happens inside a dam, imagine what is going to happen? Are you getting the point? So, we would like to understand the material first and then we will slowly and slowly start communicating with it and then what stage will come? After communication, what stage comes? You start commanding, dictating and then what comes later on? Negotiation. You understand the difference between these words? So, the day you start negotiating with the material, you have become an extreme expert in the subject. So, somebody says that I cannot do anything with this material. You say no, no, no, it is not like that. I will, what?  Are you getting this idea? Clear? A good example would be you are developing so many 4th, 5th, 6th cities in Mumbai. You know? Reclamation. We will be talking about that later on. That means neither the soil was from the local place. You brought it from somewhere else. You started dictating it, how it should be behaving and then a stage came when you started negotiating with it. That look, you have to be stable here for 30 years, 50 years, 60 years.  You are not supposed to deform at all. Even if the waves come, you should remain like this. Is this part clear? Any questions? So, modern day soil mechanics when I studied, I studied this maybe I do not know how many years back. I am 86 pass out. So, 82, 83, 84. 1984, I must have studied soil mechanics. Those days, the subject was more of bookish. But now things have changed. Everything has a practical connotation. Everything has a practical meaning, applications. So, whatever you are studying in the classroom, unless you have understood an application of it, you should stop your instructor. And ask the question that I am not very clear about what is the implication of what you say. So, my intention would be if you help me to make you a technologist of a very special material which is known as soils. And of course, the genesis of soils also we will study. That means you will not only talk about the how to deal with the offsprings kids. We will also study how to handle the parents. Many times parents require more counseling than you guys. I hope you understand this. Is this correct? Why? You know the reason. So, you know what we have to do as a technologist, we have to start understanding the origin. And then from there we have to see what type of DNA you carry and how much I can refine your DNAs to make you a perfect technologist. Okay, so what we will do is, let me talk about the course structure. See we will talk about this description of the material first. So, description of soils. Now, as I said sometime back we are going to talk about the origin of soils. Because you must have realized, you know I was trying to link the offsprings with the parents. I was talking about something related to genes and DNA. And then I was talking about refinement of DNAs also. Clear? So, all these things are linked with each other. So, I will be talking about origin of soils. So, this is where the linkage between the parents and the offsprings is going to be. I will also be talking about the rock cycle. I am sure you must have studied this in your engineering geology course. Is it not? Now, this is to understand the material and its heritage, linkage, parentage. How many objectives I have used? Is this part clear? So, I am trying to link all these objectives heritage, linkage, parentage and what type is the samples with whom I am interacting are and what I can do with them. How best I can utilize them? Is this correct?  Clear? And then you might have changed your city and you have landed up in Bombay, change of place. So, you got transported from some place to another place, you got deposited here and so on and maybe after 10 years, you might buy lot of things in Bombay city and you may establish over here. The same thing happens in soils also. Clear? So, then we will be talking about the basic relationships. You see, we are engineers, technologists, so ultimately we want to dictate terms with the material, clear? And that has to be in mathematical form. So, having understood the material, what we will try to do is, what are the basic mathematical relationships which govern its overall properties, characteristics, this is what we will try to do. Okay? So, this is the basic relationships. Then we will be talking about the characterization of soils. You know, the best way to understand anybody is do all sorts of examinations, tests, clear? A good example is modern day medicine system, you go to any hospital, doctor does not want to see you, what he or she wants, 10 tests, go to pathology, get these tests done, what comes on my screen, take appointment, deposit money, I will tell you what the disease is. Is this correct? Same is our profession. We have an idea about what the origin is, what the description of the soil is, how it was formed, where it got originated, from where it came to certain place, what happened later on, develop some mathematical relationships and then try to characterize it. So that we can understand it better. So, when we talk about the characterization of soils, we will be talking about index properties. This is the best way to understand, you know, is similar to the pathological report, the way the doctors sitting in their cabin diagnose you as a patient, sitting in my office and depending upon my laboratory stuff, whatever properties and the parameters come, I can create a hypothesis in my mind that look, this is the material which is prevailing or which was, you know, available in this portion of the country or the world and what I should be doing with it. Are you getting this point? Are you getting a larger picture out of this? It is Siddhanth. Yes, Siddhanth. And you told that whenever you hear any type of soil, it creates a hypothesis in your mind. Very good. That. What could be this hypothesis? Hypothesis may be about the properties of the soil or. What is the, what is the hypothesis of a captain of a, of a playing 11, cricket 11? What is the, what is the hypothesis having in his mind when he is on the field? To win the game. No. To strategize. Very good. What type of strategies? Which at what time, what decision should made? Be very specific. What type of decision? Field placement. Okay. How to utilize the fielders? Fielders. How to utilize the bowlers? Yeah. How to utilize the batsman? Hmm. Strategy. Strategy. Now, same thing I can do by characterization of soils. That means if I have the blood report in my hand, if I have all the properties, what I can do? I have a strategy in the mind that look, I should be using this material for this purpose. You got it? Whether this is going to be a good material for creating a foundation or not. Whether it is going to be a good material for stopping the fluid flow, transmissivity. There could be a situation where I would like to enhance the transmissivity. There could be a situation where I would like to reduce the transmissivity. So the way I am speaking, what feeling you get? I am the master of the material and the master of the situation. Are you getting this point? The material remains same, but what I am going to do? I am going to create a strategy in my mind that how I should be utilizing this material. So when he says permissivity and if I am a, let us say petroleum geophysist whose job is to dig oil wells and produce more and more hydrocarbons for the country, clear? Transmissivity should be more. The more and more production you should be doing, are you getting a point? But suppose if I am creating a dam, where the whole idea is to stop seepage of water so that the water remains in the dam for entire year, otherwise what is going to happen? Since here it has rained, you are not sure about what is going to happen next year. So that means the same material I should be able to create a strategy to either allow permeation of the fluid to take place or not. Now that art you can learn when you understand how to read ECG, how to read characteristics of the soils and so on which is mostly being done by the laboratory staff. This does not mean that you should never learn it, you should also learn how to characterize the soils by your own self, then you have more command on the things, okay. So now what we will do is index properties, yes, we will talk about the soil structure. Now the way I am sure this my dear friend must have used this word structure, structure has a, I do not know, one of you have used most probably you, is it not? So structure has different connotations in soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. What type of structures you are talking about? Let us first talk about the structure of the soil itself, understood? And then we will talk about the structures which are going to be sitting on it or made with this or made in this, how many terms I have used and I have to state a lot of things. So I was talking about structures made by this material, made in this material, made on this material, all are contextual. So slowly and slowly remember the material remains same, but what I am doing, I am creating different situations. So God willing, this we will be discussing in your next course, that is the application of all these concepts which we are going to study in this another 30, 35 lectures. So more emphasis would be to understand what the material is and then negotiation and mastering the material will start in the next semester. But yes, the stage will be set by the end of this course that you should be able to do net practice. What is net practice, you understand what is net practice, is this clear, very good. So now what we will do is we will talk about soil structure is something different than what you might be understanding right now. So suppose if I ask you what is the difference between your t-shirt and his t-shirt, the structure is different, texture is different, clear. So mostly the guys who are into fabric technology, what do you call this, this is a course textile engineering. So they normally talk about the fabric of, sorry, structure of the fabric. Here we will be talking about the structure of soils, is this clear. No structure is resting on this, no structure has been made by using this material, no structure has been made into it. I am just talking about the structure of the soils. Incidentally, these two guys out of ignorance were talking about sands and clays and mud. Each of this world has a connotation. When you go and speak in a scientific world or in a international forum or national forum where the technical guys are sitting, now if you say mud, the connotation is this. If you say clay, connotation is this, clear. So you have to be careful. Anyway you will learn this. Then we will be talking about soil classification because the classification of the soil is based upon whatever we have studied by this time, starting from its origin, the way it was created, the way it was transported, the way it was deposited, clear. Forget about the basic relationships, index properties which are very, very particular to and the signature of the material, alright. Signature means, I do not know how do you define the word signature of a material. The best way would be, this is what the material itself is, uniqueness. And then comes the soil classification. So once you tag CE323 S2 division, it is a classification, it is understood that these guys know all these things whatever has been discussed in today's class. Is this part clear or not? That becomes a class and then people start saying he is in a class apart. No, what is the meaning of this word? You are representing a class which is totally different than rest of the things. This is what we will try to do, we will try to put a material into a specific class so that I need not to talk about much of micro details, I will simply say this is a class, use it like this, the strategy, clear. So I will be using this material in the last death overs, clear. These materials will be in the middle order and so on. So that strategy comes from here. Now what we will do is, we will go ahead with the, now comes the engineering properties. So this was as far as the material properties are concerned, draw a line over here. So this is mostly on the material. How are you going to do engineering with this material, fine? So engineering aspects would be, we will be talking about soil compaction. Taking good example, we have compaction, you might have heard of rollers, perfect, cricket matches mostly, is it not, they take light rollers, heavy rollers, did you have a question why? We might get some answer from here. So soil compaction is an engineering property of the material, here we will be talking about, you know, laboratory compaction techniques and field compaction. Any other example where you think compaction becomes important, packing in the, packing in a suitcase is also good, yes, yes, yes, okay, you are compacting the material there, alright. Apart from that, do not pack your suitcase right now, you have come from home, okay. Any other example where you think compaction is critical, important, you might have seen roads, yes, so you are aware of this, alright. Now having done this, let us put it as a class A of engineering properties, alright. So first engineering property is compaction. The second engineering property would be soil water statics, statics. The best way to learn soil mechanics is follow the art of making pitches, cricketing pitches, cricketing turfs, tennis turfs, hockey turfs, football turfs, you know why, all this is very practical and highly applicable to preparation of a turf, any type of turf, clear. The turf material might change, the compaction level may change, so sometimes captains say dry rolling, sometimes they say sprinkle water and roll, so look at this what I have done, I have related soil compaction with soil water statics, okay, so we will talk about this. Now from this point onwards, we will also talk about effective stress concept because when you are compacting something, truly speaking the compaction is by applying certain weight, it could be static, it could be dynamic, it could be impact, trains which are moving on the railway track are beautiful examples of what type of compaction, see the railways which are moving on the track and that sound come cut, cut, cut, cut, cut, is it not, what is that? Yeah, vibration is induced, we are talking about the compaction first, the rolling is taking place, clear, the self weight is there, impact is there, clear, so 2, there could be I can apply a huge load static condition, suppose train stops on the railway track and the entire load of the system is getting transmitted on to the railway tracks through that sleepers which are resting on Velast and Velast is resting on the foundations, clear, again the mechanics of the material, how the loads and the stresses are getting transferred from a system on to another system and how it gets dissipated up to the foundation level, so when you talked about the foundation, I am sure you were talking about only the foundations of the buildings. Now I have created a situation where I have given you an example of foundation of the railway tracks, got it, so foundation is a very general term, is this fine, so we will talk about the effectist stress concept, we will also be talking about the capillarity phenomena which all of you have done in your 10 plus 2 physics, now the time has come when to utilize the concepts of 10 plus 2 physics into the real life engineering, so we will develop few simple and basic models, we will try to apply these concepts into a system like soils when they get compacted, clear and there is some soil water statics which is going on because of which the pore water pressures may develop, I am sorry I have used the technical word today, I should not have used, so I will draw it, we will talk about this later on, so because of this system, the effective stresses are developing in the system and the root causes capillarity. Now comes another engineering aspect, this is okay if I write like this, the another one would be flow through soils, what we were discussing, flow through soils, I think this is what you were talking about and I think I gave you some examples also, so it is a very significant phenomena, we call it as a permeability alright, so we will discuss about this engineering property in detail, there is something known as a quick sand condition, there is an advisory during each monsoons why you should not be going close to the beaches, seashores and the areas which are very susceptible for quick sand condition, it gets drowned in the sands very good, perfect, so that is the condition which gets created in beneath the buildings and no wonder when you get up in the morning and you read Times of India you say one building has sunk, now you know the answer, clear, so as an engineer your job would be how to stop this condition to occur in field, see here when we talk about the flow through soils, we will be talking about the permeability and then there are different types of tests which have to be done, there are different types of tests which have to be done, some of them are laboratory, incidentally there is, there are two types of tests normally, either laboratory test or field test and we are supposed to do both to understand how the material behaves in controlled environment which is a laboratory and under natural environment which is the field condition, so laboratory and field conditions alright, those of you who are interested in joining after your fourth year oil and gas companies believe me your fundamentals are absolutely 0 and most of the time I have been interviewing you guys and fortunately nobody knows me and what I have realized is that absolutely no understanding of the basics of the subject but your aims are very high you want to get big salary packages without knowing the basics of the subject, so all the oil and gas companies they rely too much on and simulation, so nobody is going to take a risk of making an oil well you know unless you have done the simulation, we will be talking about the flow nets, flow nets are nothing but the regime of how the see page occurs through the compacted soil mass or the soil mass itself alright, so this is also an engineering property, now shifting this concept, so let us say this would be engineering 1 and engineering 2 would be the stresses in the soil, I think I gave you an example of the moving train stresses in soil from surface load, here we will talk about different theories how to compute, what is this known as is state of stress in the soils, those of you who would become an expert in transportation engineering they would require it a lot because of ignoring this effect you can realize the state of our roads alright, so how would you do the best possible engineering to design the best possible pavements or the answer comes from here, what type of stresses are getting induced on the surface because of a moving vehicle, it could be aircraft, it could be railway, it could be a road transport bus whatever clear, so how these stresses are going to generate in the system, what is the state of stress in the soil at a given point, this is what we are going to spend time on, we will also be talking about the contact pressures, now this contact pressure is between the loading area and the soil mass, here comes the example what you are citing, so there is a foundation which is sitting on a soil mass, what is the contact pressure between the two or between the interface or at the interface, so this is what actually we will talk about contact pressure, the most important thing we will be talking about is which is stress induced what is known as consolidation, so consolidation characteristics of soils and what is their applications, so all of you who are interested in infrastructure related jobs should be very thorough with these concepts of you know what type of loads come, how do they get dissipated in the soils, how the consolidation occurs, in short consolidation is a phenomena where the compression of the soil mass takes place over a period of time because of external loading, clear, we will discuss this in details. And then we will be talking about settlement analysis, so this is the settlement analysis of soil mass, the course content appears to be quite elaborate or is reasonable, be attentive in the class because the best way to learn, I can assure you though I am going to give you a list of the books which you should be following, it will be very difficult on your part to refer to these books, but you should refer to these books particularly, it is not that I am selling my subject, please do not mistake me, it is a very important subject and all, I mean everything rests only on the ground or the soils alright, so the two things which I wanted to convey to you, I am going to give you a list of books, but please discuss in the classroom, do not hesitate if you are not following anything and make sure that if you are not following anything, your next neighbor is also not following anything, so there should not be any hesitance or maybe resistance in your mind that you are not going to open up, it takes time to pick up the concepts, but once you have picked up the concepts, you become, you can discover your own charts okay, so list of books, but whenever you get time, please get hold of some of these books, you know the first book and the best book in the market would be Craig, I am not writing the full form, what I will do is I will send you the list of this on email, so those of you are interested, can either buy it or maybe keep it with you, in case you go for masters or has education or you become a consultant tomorrow, you will require these books, remember, these books will haunt you throughout your life as a civil engineer, it is a must to read these books, the another one is Holtz and Kovacs, very high Fonda book, so if you do not have time, do not bother about this, at least you should know these few names, the Bible on the subject is by Lamb and Whitman, most of the titles are Soil Mechanics, like the first one is Craig's Soil Mechanics, the second one is an introduction to Geotechnical Engineering, the third one is Soil Mechanics, the fourth one is Michel and Soga, excellent book, for the guys who really want to adopt Geotechnical Engineering as their profession, there is another good book by Gopal Ranjan and ASR Rao, basics and applied soil mechanics, there was a time when most of us used to read the books which are written by the father of soil mechanics, that is Karl Terzaghi, if you are really interested try to get hold of this, this is book by Terzaghi and Peck, when you do a course on Foundation Engineering, you will come across this name of Peck Hansen and Thornburn, fortunately my master supervisor was a student of Peck, this is the linkage, heritage or what do you call it, parentage, it is very important you know, another interesting book you should study but not during your BTECs days, see once you pass out know, this is an interesting book which is written by Malcolm Bolton, this is a sort of a autobiography and the guy was a professor at Cambridge, so he has written about his experience, a guide to soil mechanics by M. D. Bolton, Malcolm Bolton, there is another good book written by B. M. Das, this is Principles of Geotechnical Engineering, try to get hold of these books, some of these books are available but my recommendation would be at least have a copy of this because I will be following this, once in your life read this book and if possible read this book, this is okay and of course this one you should keep then if you want to become a consultant, this is a must for all undergraduates, I will be following mostly this book, whenever you get time in a leisurely mode please read this, follow this and this again is a autobiography.


Now, let's talk about the character of Jessica in the Merchant of Venice. Now, Jessica's character is a really interesting character whom we can argue that we, especially as a modern audience, have a fairly complicated relationship with. On the one hand, she is interesting because firstly we know that she's Charlotte's daughter, hence she is Jewish. So on the one hand, she demonstrates a certain level of independence that a lot of girls during her time and a lot of women during her time bearing in mind that this was set in the Elizabethan era, so Shakespeare's time. A lot of women tended to be very passive, very happy and fine to be controlled by their fathers. So of course, we can see, especially when she talks to Shylock. Shylock tells her to stay at home. He's very domineering, very controlling towards her. However, she demonstrates her independence. She demonstrates a free spiritedness when she decides to dress up as a man and flee and escape with Lorenza, who's her lover, and she ultimately marries him, becomes a Christian and converts to Christianity from being a Jewish woman. So whilst we, especially as a modern audience, may applaud this show of independence and strength on the one hand, we do have a somewhat complicated relationship on the other side with her looking down on her Jewish heritage. So she does unfortunately internalise some of the really negative views that a lot of the other characters had towards Jewish people to so much to the extent that she decides to discard and throw away her heritage. She decides to, and she takes a lot of pride in basically stating that not only is she going to run away from her father, but she's going to completely remove herself from anything to do with her Jewish background and become a Christian. OK, so of course, we as a modern audience do find this very anti-Semitic. We also, of course, find this very sad if somebody dislikes themselves and dislikes their heritage. And of course, also she is the person who basically betrays her father and runs away steals from him as well. So she steals his jewelry and also she steals lots of money from him before she runs away. OK, so Jessica is a character that defies very easy and very straightforward interpretation, because on the one hand, she's very independent. She shows this real decision making in terms of running away from her dad, who has been quite controlling of her. However, on the other hand, she mistreats him. She steals from him and also she rejects her Jewish heritage, which especially as a modern audience, we do see as a very sad thing to do, as a very reprehensible thing to do. In other words, it's a very negative thing to do. OK. But of course, this does reflect a lot of people during the time during Shakespeare's time who are very anti-Semitic. In other words, anti-Semitism means when you dislike somebody just because they are Jewish. We know that that's a wrong thing to take, a wrong perspective to have. But of course, during the time when Shakespeare wrote this, this was something that was acceptable. OK. Now, what I've done is I've highlighted key quotations to remember for Jessica's character. Now, do bear in mind that this is going to be useful, especially if you're writing about Jessica's character. But equally, if you're writing about the female characters in the play, OK, because on the one hand, you've got a female character like Narissa, who's Porsche's lady in waiting. She accepts very passively what she's expected to do as a woman, you know, be really dependent on men, kind of accept that fathers should control their daughters. However, on the other side of the table, you've got Porsche and Jessica, who are very independent, intelligent and very free-spirited. OK. So of course, Jessica's character does lend herself to a discussion, particularly of the female characters in the play. Now, the first quotation to bear in mind when it comes to Jessica's character.   Now, this is when she's talking to Lancelot, who basically is going to be leaving. And she's really sad. She's saying, oh, Lancelot, you know, because he worked for them.   She despises her current life.  And this ties in again to how Jewish people were seen as really hellish, really almost animalistic, OK, and she herself has internalised that. The second quotation to bear in mind when it comes to Jessica's character is again here, she states that she is ashamed to be my father's child. And she speaks in exclamatory sentences. Exclamatory sentence means any sentence that states a strong emotion using an exclamation mark. Now, of course, here we can see that she really dislikes being Shylock's daughter, but also she dislikes being having a Jewish heritage. Also, the other word level analysis you want to do here is, of course, the pronoun my hair. She's showing that she's really embarrassed to be Shylock's daughter and she's going to do something about it. She's going to distance herself from her dad. OK. The other key quotation to remember with Jessica's character is when she states, I shall end this strife, become a Christian and thy loving wife. And this is when she meets Lorenzo.  She being Shylock. Number two, I hate being Jewish. So to change this, what I'm going to do is I'm going to run away from home. OK, take money so that obviously we can afford our lifestyle. But also I'm going to be your wife. So through marriage, I'm going to just take on your values.  Now, the word level analysis you want to do here is firstly, the sibilance of shell and strife and also the word strife and wife rhyme. OK, so obviously that's rhyming. The other quotation to bear in mind when it comes to Jessica's character is when she's leaving. So of course, Shylock isn't there, but she tells to herself, I have a father, comma, you a daughter, comma, lost. So here, of course, she's reflecting on when I marry Lorenzo, Lorenzo does have a dad and a mom. I'm going to be their daughter. However, Shylock, you now have nothing. OK, I'm the only person who, you know, had any kind of relationship with you now.  OK. So of course, this illustrates not only how much she hates her father, but also this illustrates her independence, her free spiritedness. She decides to disobey her father and also run away, which contextually people during the Elizabethan era were very much controlled by the family, the sense of honour and the duty towards the family. But she rejects us and she runs away and acts independently. Now, the word level analysis you want to do here is firstly, she contrasts the word father and daughter. So of course here, this is, of course, Shakespeare and father and daughter belong to the semantic field of family. But of course, you also have Cezura here, the two commas here. Now, the other key quotations to remember for Jessica's character is when we learn that actually her and Lorenzo's love is very much based on physical beauty, infatuation and we kind of get the sense that maybe once this fades away, there's not that much substance to their love because she herself admits love is blind and lovers cannot see. So here she's basically saying she also maybe makes very silly, irrational decisions based on just how much she loves Lorenzo. OK, she's acting very much on her emotions. Now, you want to focus in terms of word level analysis on the literation of L in love and lovers and also lovers described as being blind, which is personification. Basically, she's stating and she's outwardly showing an awareness that lovers do make mistakes because they're only guided by the emotions and they're guided by just how much they like the other person. OK, so also what this maybe makes us as the audience think is perhaps maybe once, you know, the initial infatuation has died away and once her and Lorenzo settled into their life as married lovers and, you know, as a married husband and wife, maybe there's not going to be that much substance beyond them just being really infatuated with each other. The other quotation for Jessica's character is, of course, as she's leaving, she's dressed up as a boy and then she's taking Charlotte's jewellery and then she decides to also take more of his money. She states, I will ellipsis, guild myself with some more due cats. Of course, here she's basically saying I'm going to still a bit more money. Wait for me for a second. Let me go and still more money and then we'll run away. OK, now you want to first focus on the pronoun I, which kind of shows Jessica looking only out for herself. So it's a little bit selfish for her to still from her dad and run away. Also, you want to focus on the alliteration in terms of word love analysis of myself and more. The final quotation is when Jessica states, I shall be saved by my husband. He hath made me a Christian. So of course, here she's basically showing how women, especially during that time, in order to escape what sometimes they felt was a cruel fate, maybe being born into a bad family, maybe feeling like they are trapped. Usually it was still up to men to save these women through marriage. And of course, here we can see that even if Jessica is very independent, free spirited, she still relies on a man, in this case, Lorenzo, to marry her in order to save her from her family situation. OK, now, the word love analysis you want to do here is firstly the sibilance of shall and saved. Also the verb saved, of course, this shows how contextually women had very few options that didn't have very many things, especially if they were in not very great situations, they really relied heavily on men saving them. Then the other word love analysis you want to do is alliteration of husband. He hath, of course, here she's really focusing on Lorenzo, the role that he's going to play in saving her from her father. And finally, the other final word love analysis is the abstract noun Christian. Here, of course, she's showing that she's part of the price she has to pay to marry Lorenzo, but she's very willing to do so because she's embarrassed to be a Jew, is to give up her Jewish heritage and become Christian. OK, so those are the key quotations to bear in mind when it comes to the character of Jessica in Merchant of Venice.


the the back to snis drunk plays secret of one of the fighting these guys for some reason and really don't know why doing this and then they did I get one of them I can't even tell I need candy wow down to one and even see that of of who's gonna die first oh it see there you go Clyde gets the level up and I walked right into the fucking muggle one more time Jesus up he's dead again I don't know if I can just go past these now I don't want to violate the spirit of the game even if it means getting woogled again and again and again that is one aspect of this game that you need to keep in mind if this is one of those games where you can pick your spots to level up and you can kill certain stuff forever and ever and just run past everything else there's there's no reason to keep or these things there's like you can just go you can skip this entire section to go straight to the boss but the spirit of the game I'm going to keep keep fighting these guys I don't know why I think it's just the overall presentation just the fact that this game is I get a lot of childhood vibes from this game this is one of the defining games of my youth for sure um it's uh what was that three times in the last two minutes Jesus uh at least it's just these guys I got the stupid eyeball thing at least but um yeah I feel kind of guilty when I run away from enemies in this game for some reason maybe it's just me being a sap but uh I don't know now we've got to oh Jesus I went in the wrong room again always go on the left I think I'm going to take these guys out there as long as you take them on one at a time you should be fine but if you activate all three of them and they're all hopping around like jackasses you've got no chance no ghost of a chance ghost there just hanging out with me I like these rooms that are just like when they're designing about this haunted castle be like okay we need kind of a dresser a chest dresser then we just put a single clock on top of it the interior designers like we can just pick those up at antique shops I hear uh here Albuquerque is very good for antiques so let's let's check those out god damn it stop being a coward go past these guys poor Clyde's almost uh zonked out here oh we've got one of these another maze I thought the boss was coming right up I guess not there should be a oh there's a switch what was I what have I been rambling about I remember in the Mega Man let's play I've been I was rambling about uh a TV series for a 60s TV series for Mega Man and talking about my experiences on drugs move that up to level one so he does charge attacks more often um oh there we go now we can go this way um I see Clyde leveled up again that's good should stop calling him Clyde and calling him the sprite nobody's going to know what I'm talking about when I say Clyde ah shit here we go music's picking it up a notch love that I love this from these chairs anyway you get poison needles son of a bitch ugh ah we've made it to what's her name excellent hey we need your help uh oh you're evil I forgot oh no he just blinked into obscurity just like uh bad guys do and beat him up games Thanatos eh who's that oh well thank you for explaining that bond villain yes how could you explain all that shit alright so he's dispatched in Pandora that means that's where we need to go next because we need to find out who this Thanatos guy is and uh but first we need to take out what might be the hardest boss in the game up to this point or in the entire game regardless of early late whenever this tiger thing is super tough because it has a ton of what do I want to do let's revive Penny since I have the extra thing uh these these are not going to last long your your people are not going to last long as you can see Clyde already but yeah it's impossible to avoid getting hit by this this guy and you want to switch to your yeah you can't reach him so you can uh yeah you down to 33 you can do 33 damage I'm stuck like a sap in a fire cannot reach him oh and now she's dead see that was a total waste and yeah no matter how far away you are from the stupid tiger it will die let's try and and it's useless to try and charge an attack because he's going to hit you he's going to do that real throwing ball thing it's just a ginormous pain yes I think he has like 400 hit points or something like that 450 maybe maybe 500 so you need a lot a lot of candy a lot of chocolate to heal up and you need to make sure your sword hits count let's uh yeah let's stick with candy until we run out of it I've got four chocolates that should be enough I think as I get engulfed in flame once again I remember this is pretty much as far as my brother got and this is why he insisted on playing this game multiplayer because he thought it was impossible to beat this his boss I think him and his friend did eventually get past it once but they kind of you get mad yeah you get magic right after this spoiler alert but you go to the you get the water magic um not too long after this and uh yeah I'm pretty sure that's as far as you got um I think I still I'm not even close to this guy yet I still got about nine or ten more hits to go God it's so frustrating I can't reach him over there excuse me now I'm down to just 20 doing 28 damage come on see see how far away I was from him when he came down and it's still hitting the hitbox there is laughable alright let's start eating some chocolate excuse me tiger would you stay still for a minute while I eat a bar of chocolate I'm just so comfortable I'm just gonna lie down right here is this malicious giant tiger with spikes is going to destroy me I'm just so comfortable um I think I'm gonna try and what am I doing that's not where I want to go let's put on the boomerang and just use this I can't even reach him with the stupid boomerang come on God am I gonna get past this guy Jesus I'm gonna switch back to the sword there we go okay switch back to the bow arrow to your chauvin's bow I guess whoops button there we go 31 damage I wouldn't have normally got oh I'm just you know it's time for another nap I just can't help myself if I feel relaxed I just need to alright we need chocolate again got three left should be enough it's just certain aspects of this game it's just there's too much out of your control like once you're in the wrong spot at the wrong time there's nothing you can do you're just stuck there a few more hits should take care of him I think maybe he's got maybe 100 hit points left oh wow he didn't hit me I actually avoided him amazing alright get a couple hits on him over here whoops there we go alright we have defeated the spiky tiger the next boss after or not the next boss the boss in the underground palace is pretty tough too it's that big gnome guy that's that's no fun the tiger though is a huge pain in the ass for sure though way to go and I got a orb for a weapon I will never use back to the sword and anything else over here where do I go ahh a transporting tiles where'd the witch lady go she turned into a normal homely old lady yet can I do anything with his blood well there she is everybody line up and commence conversation there we go now she's back to normal oh yeah trading for his herbs eh how much for an 8th free trade you what do we got here orbs I hope 50 bucks and we've got oh the whip that's right that's cool the whip is very useful and obviously the whip is what you use to get out of there she can send you outside but I don't want to do that we'll do that next time thanks for watching and have a great rest of your day


So look, I'm a massive Zelda fan, right? Got my Breath of the Wild E3 2016 shirt, I actually got like eight of these. I know some people were wondering if I would give some of these away during E3. They've all been worn by me. If you're interested in buying a shirt that it'll be washed, worn or not buying, but being given a shirt, I guess let me know down in the comments because, I mean, I wouldn't mind partying with a couple of them, but I've literally worn all of them at one point or another, so none of them are brand new. But that's besides the point. Skyward Sword HD. It's apparently important to Breath of the Wild or at least that's what I'm getting from our latest rumor. Well, actually, yeah, our latest rumor from Samus Hunter. So I was talking to Samus Hunter and this was before the Pokemon stuff I posted a few days ago and I got some information here and I'm sorry, I'm kind of going through my phone here. I don't have my notes right in front of me because I feel like this is important to talk about if you are a Zelda fan, like I am because when you are a Zelda fan, you really care a lot about particular details, when it comes to story elements, gameplay, et cetera, pretty much any information we could dig up that is in regards to Zelda we care about and we obviously care about Breath of the Wild too, but before we're getting Breath of the Wild too, we're getting Skyward Sword HD. And obviously, Skyward Sword HD has an important place in Zelda history. It's the first game officially in the Zelda timeline. Don't believe me, go buy Hyrule of the Storia, but it's the first game in the Zelda timeline. It sets up the entire legend for Legend of Zelda, sort of retconning the original legend as it was told in Zelda II. For those who don't know, back in the day, Zelda II, the Adventure Link in the instruction manual explained the actual legend for Legend of Zelda, but that's obviously been retconned. It's Skyward Sword now explains what sets everything up. I don't wanna get too deep into story details because if I'm honest, not a lot of people played Skyward Sword HD. Yeah, sure, they still sold like three and a half, four million, but in relative, the Skyward Sword HD, Skyward Sword still sold three and a half, four million, but relative to other Zelda games, that's just okay, right? I don't wanna ruin the story for the 16 million plus Breath of the Wild that our prospective customers potentially for Skyward Sword HD. So I don't wanna ruin too much, but I do wanna talk about something Samus Hunter told me that's very interesting about why Nintendo is releasing Skyward Sword HD and why would this matter as we lead into Breath of the Wild II because why should Nintendo care about some of these aspects today if Breath of the Wild sort of reset the series if there wasn't going to be some importance to these in an upcoming game, aka Breath of the Wild II? So, Samus Hunter told me, hi, Nate, I saw the latest Zelda video that you did and they were talking about the live stream I did last Friday and it's too bad copyright issues with the live, thanks Viacom. By the way, I won my copyright dispute. Yay, YouTube actually worked surprisingly. Just took a day. Anyways, I hope it gets resolved. I'm glad to have heard other sources like Grubb specified, Jeff Grubb, that Breath of the Wild sequel is still planned for later this year in January. When I had imagined to get information on some of Nintendo's plans, the title listed as one of the last titles for 2021. So Samus Hunter has heard that, hey, this game is coming, it's one of the last games that's coming out this year. However, having not received any updates about it since I saw that date, I would say that it's very likely, thanks to the information of other people, that they will be able to release it in the time set unless there are problems at the last moment, which I see difficult given Grubb's words. It's more like Grubb's meme that he put out there. Plus, we've heard rumors that localization is done from other sources. But I'm not convinced for a release between the last week of October and the first week of November. This is disputing another person that I have. But it says because in that period, it's expected the second DLC pack for Hyrule Water's Age of Calamity, which will be used as an appetizer. Another detail, the launch window for Diamond and Pearl Pokemon Remix wasn't announced in February because they still don't have an exact release time for Zelda. So I'd say keep an eye on the launch date for the Pokemon title, which we will know before the E3 Direct, which again, that's in reference to, hey look, the release date for Zelda is affecting the release date for Pokemon. So when we do hear the release date for Pokemon Diamond and Pearl, Brilliant Diamond and Shiny Pearl, I guess I should say correct myself there, that we should have an idea that Zelda's probably three weeks, one side or the other of that. All right, so then I said, is there anything else you could tell me? And said, well, if you have any specific questions or want to know some details regarding the marketing, lines behind some games will give answer. I said, shoot, I'm just cutting up some fruit before I head to the studio, which is just to my basement. And it says, well, beyond game updates. I've already mentioned, but I could give you some details about Zelda's anniversary plans. Now here's where we get to the exciting stuff and it deals with Skyward Sword. Reading on the internet, some people were disappointed that Nintendo never mentioned the 35th anniversary of Zelda back on the actual 35th anniversary. But don't worry, that's actually normal because until March 31st, they were doing Mario's anniversary and the plan for promotions will start primarily from June in the E3 period. Skyward Sword is a title that has been chosen because it is the beginning of the series. Okay, that's fair, I guess, whatever. We want to revisit the beginning. And Nintendo wanted to introduce new fans. So this would be Breath of the Wild, right? Breath of the Wild is bigger than it's ever been. So new fans, Breath of the Wild fans. Two, the origin of some characters, objects and consequences of the story. For this reason, it was given priority over Wind Waker and Twilight Princess, although those are already remastered and will come out later. So here's the thing. Think about that. Characters, objects and consequences of the story. Why would it matter to introduce new players of Breath of the Wild when Breath of the Wild seems so divergent from everything Zelda's done before? Why would it matter? Well, if you folks remember, there's this cutscene in the original Breath of the Wild. Your master will come for you. Until then, you shall rest safely here. Although this slumber of restoration will most certainly deprive him of his memories. Please trust me when I say that I know he will arrive before you yet again. If I may be so bold, what is it that you are planning to do next, Princess? The Master Sword. I heard it speak to me. It seems that my role is unfinished. There is still something I must do. I sense there is great strength in your dedication. Great Deku Tree. I ask of you, when he returns, can you please relay this message? Tell him I- Now then, words intended for him would sound much better in the tones of your voice. Don't you think? Now, if you have not played Skyward Sword, you might not understand the reference in that cutscene, but the reference to the sword itself talking is actually a direct reference back to Skyward Sword. No, I'm not gonna go much further than that. You will find out by playing Skyward Sword HD. If you've already played Skyward Sword, you already know what I'm talking about. But my guess is that while nothing important necessarily happened in the events of Breath of the Wild that we're aware of from the sword talking, my guess is that changes in Breath of the Wild too, because they left you with not necessarily a cliffhanger at the end of Breath of the Wild, but they suggested there's more happening, more to do as Zelda and Link walk off into the sunset. And in reality is there is more to do. And I'm guessing that some of the characters might return. I don't know that some of the side characters or even some of the main characters that are only alive during that period of Skyward Sword are gonna come back, but there's certain characters that could come back, including a certain character that's probably tied to the sword, maybe a certain character that's tied to the other side of things, maybe a certain overall evil that's bigger than Ganondorf. I think I'm giving away a little too much here, but the point is that I think a lot of this stuff is gonna come full circle in Breath of the Wild too. I think there is a lot of connections to be made because why else would Nintendo feel like, look, we feel like it's important for the 16 plus million people to return to the beginning of the series so they can learn about the characters, the origins, the consequences of that story, and some of the items, like, are there items coming back? Is the beetle coming back? This is one of those things where I feel like there's a clear specific reason that Aji Anomo and Shigeru Miyamoto want you to revisit this game so you could end up going into Breath of the Wild too with a fresh perspective in your mind of these events because I think these events are gonna play an even bigger role in Breath of the Wild. Again, technically there's already a connection to Breath of the Wild. It's just that connection didn't really bear any fruit at the time. It could have been a setup for what we are going to experience here in Breath of the Wild too. So, this is just obviously one fan's take on some rumors here, some reporting here that I got from Samus Hunter. Again, don't know if this stuff is true that Nintendo really is emphasizing this and that's why they're bringing the Skyward Sword HD out when they are. However, if it is, that just makes even more sense to lead that game up to Breath of the Wild coming later this year by keeping these story, these characters and the items and the consequences of it all fresh in our minds as we head in to Breath of the Freakin' Wild to whatever they call this thing, technically it's not even called that. It's called Breath of the Wild's sequel. The sequel to Breath of the Wild is now in development, right? We all remember that text. So, that's officially what it's called but I'm excited about this. I hope you're excited about it too. I am Nathan Robody. That's from the center. I hope you join us as E3 as we hopefully figure all of this stuff out. I am so pumped and also by the way, if they hint you're an E3 that Skyward Sword HD has something to do with Breath of the Wild too, talk about a boost in sales for that game. Then I might start thinking Skyward Sword HD really will sell 10 million plus because if it's tied into the story, people are gonna wanna know who haven't experienced it. All right, folks.


For me, actually, there is a change of heart. And when I learned hand-in-hand physics in my PhD study, certainly, I learned the way of thinking in hand-in-hand physics. And about in my post-op period, I started to work with Bob Schriefer on connective physics. At the beginning, I feel very uncomfortable, although I like the field like a direction. But the way of thinking is different. But after a while, after some struggle, I start to get used to or learn this new way of thinking. And so it's quite a contrast. But after I learned this new way of thinking, then I also became an advantage for myself because I also know the energy way of thinking and the connective matter way of thinking. And there's two different ways of thinking and then combining together became very powerful. But since my thinking recently, I mostly start with lattice. So I say, maybe nowadays I should think myself as connective physics because most of my work now is lattice oriented. So all have this high energy component. So there's another cross-field study, which is the connective matter, this new topological matter. And the quantum information are really, really connected. So actually, we enjoy a lot of this connection. Some of my students actually have a background of quantum information, so make a very good contribution in this new field. And actually, there is yet another cross-field connection. The many-body entanglement is really a new phenomena. It's a phenomena we never seen before. So when you have some new phenomena, naturally, you need a new language and you need a new mathematics. So in some sense, it's similar to Newton's mechanical theory because when Newton introduced his mechanical theory, the calculus is not developed. So to derive the curve of the motion without calculus is very difficult. So he couldn't write down any mathematical formula. So actually, Newton had to invent calculus to write down his theory. So Tableau-Georda have a little bit similar. That is, this many-body entanglement is really a new phenomena. So actually, at the moment, one of our major research direction is to looking for and find the mathematical language, which are proper for Tableau-Georda or for many-body entanglement. We know that the Landau's symmetry breaking theory, the symmetry play an important role. So the group theory is the magnetic foundation for symmetry breaking theory. So what is the magnetic foundation for Tableau-Georda for many-body entanglement? So this will be a really interesting topic. So that's one of my research direction in recent years. I try to work with the mathematicians and I try to find the proper language to describe Tableau-Georda and the many-body entanglement. There is another low-end phenomenon also coming from Tableau-Georda. It's actually full-time. So the Maxwell equation can come out from Tableau-Georda. So we know Maxwell equation a long time ago. We know the light wave a long time ago. So it's kind of strange. This old phenomena can come out from Tableau-Georda. So what is the meaning for that? What is the significance of that? Actually, for the Maxwell equation, we have a very long story. When Maxwell first finds his equation and people wonder, light is a wave, but what is a wavy? So people at that time firmly believe that there must be some media whose distortion can propagate and this distortion satisfy Maxwell equation, that would be the media. And people are looking for this media for a long time. And even before we find it, we gave it a name called ether. So we say the distortion for ether gave us a wave satisfying the Maxwell equation. But for 150 years, we were looking for ether, but couldn't find it. And so I remember why I first learned Maxwell equation in my undergraduate study. You know, one naturally asks, what is a wavy? What is a wavy? And so I'm thinking about that. But the teacher told us, well, Maxwell equation and the electric magnetic wave is fundamental. Because it's fundamental, so we should not ask where it comes from. It's fundamental. So I think that's after so many years of failure. Finally, we can only have an answer. It's fundamental, so don't ask. And but however, this question is back on mind. It's kind of bugging me, but I have no answer. So I can live with it and continue my research. But then there's a study of this highly entangled system and this topology order and reveal that this highly entangled system actually can give rise to wave, which satisfies Maxwell equation. Actually, the picture is not that complicated. So we know that when I have a particle, when particles form a liquid, it will go to superfluid. And then we have a wave, it's a density of wave. So then what kind of media give rise to Maxwell equation? The answer is a surprising simple. We just need a string liquid. The liquid of a string of all kind of shape, all kind of size. So it's not like a small loop of string. The string can be as large as a system. It can wind around the system many times. So it's a string with all size and all shape. If you have this string liquid, then the wave in the string liquid would satisfy Maxwell equation. And it also answers very simple. The wave is simply a density of strings. And by the string have a direction. So when somewhere have a more strings, you should ask, more string in which direction? So the wave of a string is a vector field, have a direction and a strength. And that's exactly correspond to electric field in the Maxwell equation. And so actually, when you really do the calculation, just consider wave in the quantum string liquid, you just get a Maxwell equation. And furthermore, if you assume a string can branch, then as we call that a string net, we can get so-called Yang-Mills equation. Because the Maxwell equation is so-called for the U1 gauge field, Yang-Mills equation for the non-Abelian gauge field. So actually, when a string can branch, the string net wave would give rise to Yang-Mills equation. That's again, produce something we are familiar for the strong interaction and the weak interaction. So our old friends, the Maxwell equation, Yang-Mills equation, come out from this string net. Even more, actually, the end of a string is something topological extinction, which can produce Dirac equation, which is described electron. So the density of the string describe electron magnetic field and the strong interaction, weak interaction. The end of a string actually can describe electron or quark, even produce a firm statistics of electron quark and the Dirac equation. They're all old friends. So from this study of a highly entangled system, I started this topological order. For certain topological order, we get our old familiar friends. What that means? So I started dreaming. So maybe our vacuum is a system with topological order. It's a system with a strong entanglement. That's why the distortion and the disturbance of a vacuum produce those Yang-Mills equation, Maxwell equation, Dirac equation, et cetera. So maybe that's another application of a highly entangled system and topological order. Probably can explain some of these very interesting, rather maybe I should say exotic, but indeed a kind of a strange property. Why the interaction of our universe are always described by gauge field? Why we have Fermi statistics? Who ordered that? Fermi statistics is a very strange property. Why we have that? But however, with a highly entangled system with a string net, there is one way to understand those features from a single starting point, which is the so-called highly entangled qubit. If you view our vacuum as the ocean of qubits, which have some entanglement described by certain kind of topological order or string net, then this kind of qubit ocean with a proper entanglement can produce a Maxwell equation, Yang-Mills equation, and Dirac equation, and the quarks. But one thing we failed. We don't know how to produce Einstein equation. And seems that's the only thing we don't know how to do. So we wish there was some qubit ocean or some entanglement which can produce Einstein equation. Why that's significant? I don't know. Because at least, if that is possible, you may have found some magnetic material. These materials have a wave described by Einstein equation. That would be very cool. Actually, right now, one of our very active frontier in condensed matter experiments is to looking from quantum spin liquid. Who's the wave equation is the Maxwell equation and the Dirac equation? And actually, there's a few condensed material which may have that. But the sample quality still needs to be improved. So anyway, I like to really wait and see. So maybe in the near future, maybe in a few years, we probably can find this material which produce a Maxwell equation, Dirac equation. It's like a baby universe, like another universe in the lab. So when you're holding this sample, you can say, I'm holding a universe.


When the narcissist can't leave you alone. When they can't leave you to yourself and cease to participate in an activity with you. The reason for this is because of what they are getting out of it when they are with you. The benefits and rewards. It is benefiting them in some way. It is rewarding them and while in many cases they may be receiving money or something else that may benefit them. Most of the time there is something else that keeps them coming back. Something else that makes them want to be around you all of the time and that is your energy. Narcissists are energy vampires. They feed off the energy of high-energy people but they then leave them feeling exhausted or drained of their energy. If this is how you feel every time that you are around the narcissist this is a key indicator of what you might be dealing with. If you are watching this video it is likely that you are naturally a high-energy person. You are very active. You feel good most of the time and this is something that is very attractive to narcissists because they want some of that.  There are two different ways that the narcissist might try to extract energy from you. First they might try being nice. They might try to flirt with you. They might try to tease you to get your attention where your attention goes your energy flows. So when you are giving them your attention you are then giving them your energy and they then get to experience the life that you naturally get to experience but they don't get to experience it to the fullest as you do. When they extract your energy they only get to experience a fraction of what you do but to them it is still an incredible experience and that is why they gravitate towards you.  Their energy is dark and dense. It's of no use to you and it's of no use to them and that is actually another reason why they come around you. They come around you to dispose of this negative energy which is weighing them down. When they try to get your attention or they interact or engage with you it is a transaction of energy.  If being nice doesn't work the narcissist will be mean to you if they can tell that you have no interest in them. They will try to attack you or put you down it still gets your attention it still transfers your energy to them and it also transfers your self-worth and self-esteem when they put you down when they make you feel as though you're not good enough or so you don't really matter it transfers your feelings of self-worth and self-esteem into them and then they start to feel good about themselves they start to feel as though they are special or important and you start to feel however they felt when they when they were putting you down if they felt a hatred or anger when they were attacking you you will begin to feel that way when you interact with a narcissist they transfer their emotions on to you and an emotion is simply energy in motion it's all energy and that is why they can't leave you alone that is why they love to be around you because you are a high energy person and your energy is very powerful it has the power to change their mood and make them feel good about themselves it makes them feel as though they are special or important and they want some of that they see you going about your life and how happy you are and they want to feel that way they want to feel good about their lives so they will try to get involved with you they will try to get your attention or flirt with you and if that doesn't work they will attack you or put you down whatever it takes to get your energy because that's all that really matters to them whether they appear to like or dislike you they don't have a genuine interest in you they don't even know you all they're really focused on is it is extracting your energy it has nothing to do with sexual attraction just as it has nothing to do with an argument or disagreement it's all about your energy you cannot develop a friendship or relationship with these types of people as they have nothing of significance or value to give to you they don't come around you to give anything to you they have nothing to give they're only around you to extract your energy just as bees grafted to pollen because you have the value but you cannot develop anything of significance or value with these types of people because they have nothing to give to you so the relationship will just involve you giving and giving or receiving nothing in return until you end up feeling drained and lifeless because they've taken all of your energy that's why high energy people need to be with other high energy people people who are active and have a lot going on in their lives that is the only way that there will be an equal exchange of energy and then both partners will be satisfied the narcissist can't leave you alone they always have to be around you because they need your energy it makes them feel good it makes them feel alive when they're not around you they feel miserable and depressed because they have to focus on all the problems in their lives but when we're when they're with you it's like an adventure it's fun and exciting because they get to share your energy but it's no different than them wearing your clothes crying on your favorite jacket it might make them feel good or look good but it isn't theirs it doesn't belong to them and you could give them 50,000 pounds by electric car and while that might make them feel great they would still need the money to maintain it they would need money for fuel to keep the car running and it's the same thing with your energy when they come around you and steal your energy it only lasts for a short period of time and then they go back to feeling miserable because it's not their energy it doesn't belong to them and so they don't know how to maintain it they lack the ability to keep themselves running at that high level and that is why they always have to be around you that is why they can't leave you alone because you have the energy that they need to keep them feeling good to keep them operating at that high level and without you they feel miserable they have to focus on their problems so they have to keep you around not because they have anything of value to give to you not because they are interested in building something significant with you but because they need your energy to survive thank you for watching I hope this video is it with you please like comment share and subscribe click the bell icon receive notifications for my future videos if you're likely to donate my PayPal link is in the video description coaching inquiries can email me at that's where the coach in edgema.com thank you for watching and I'll talk to you soon


How is unconventional onshore oil and gas development different from an economic perspective than offshore or conventional sources of hydrocarbons. There are two big differences between unconventional oil and gas production and conventional onshore oil and gas production and offshore oil and gas production. The first is that offshore oil and gas production requires really long lead times. You got to get the rig out to sea, you have to drill, and it may be months before you get any production whatsoever. On the other hand, with onshore production, whether it's conventional or unconventional, the process of drilling completion to production can be much quicker within a month. The second difference between unconventional oil and gas production and conventional oil and gas production onshore is that in a typical unconventional oil or gas well, a lot of the production happens within the first few years of the well's life. So a lot of the revenue that comes in comes in much more quickly or over a shorter time scale than a conventional well. And this tends to improve return on investment and the overall economics of the well for an unconventional well as compared to a conventional well.


The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system has revolutionized biomedical science, providing a fast and easy way to modify genes. The version of the technique that allows for the most precise edits, though, doesn't work in cells that are no longer dividing. Since that includes most of the neurons in the brain, this has limited the technology for neuroscientists. But now, a group at the Moxplunk Florida Institute for Neuroscience has figured out a way to make CRISPR work in these cells, opening up new possibilities for the field. CRISPR-based editing uses a guide RNA to direct the Cas9 endonuclease to a specific spot in the genome and make a cut in the DNA. Cellular repair mechanisms then kick into action, either in the form of non-homologous end-joining, which causes unpredictable insertions or deletions, or with homology-directed repair, which uses a donor template to make a precise change. Unfortunately, because homology-directed repair has been thought to only happen in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle, this more desirable method does not work in post-mitotic cells, such as neurons in the brain. To overcome this problem, neuroscientists added adeno-associated virus, or AAV, to the mix. This virus can effectively provide the donor template necessary for homology-directed repair. Therefore, it seems to increase gene targeting. The team tested the approach in mouse brain slices, using CRISPR to add HA or GFP to a protein found in neurons. The gene editing beautifully lit up neurons, many of which were no longer dividing, in genetically engineered mice expressing the Cas9 protein, but the success rate depended on the dose of the virus. To more carefully study this phenomenon, the scientists set up cultures of mitotic and post-mitotic hippocampal cells, and found that post-mitotic cells need about 100 times more virus to get CRISPR to work. The group then created a dual-viral system, so they could use the technology in many animals that have not been engineered to express Cas9. This worked in both rat and mouse brain slices. Finally, the team tested the dual-viral system in living mice, including an aged Alzheimer's disease mouse model by directly injecting AAVs into the brain. The new method, which the team calls V-slender, is capable of working in virtually any brain area, cell type, and age, regardless of whether cell division is still happening, greatly expanding the types of experiments neuroscientists can do to probe the function of the brain.


Thank you for staying with us on Y254 Updates and if you're just joining us tonight we're talking about depression in men we seek to understand really why is it that probably men are embarrassed to talk about mental health what can we really do how do we get to create platforms where men can freely talk about issues that affect them as we take care of women and children as far as mental health this concerned we also try to seek how do we make sure that we change perceptions we build better conversations around mental health when it comes to men be part of this conversation by talking to us on all our social media platforms that is at Y254 channel you can also reach me at patricia murioki thank you very much feel and gidion for joining us tonight i'm very happy to have you i hope that you're safe especially with covid-19 opus 10 safe yeah okay so i'd like to start with you gidion when you think about depression or when people talk about depression or mentor issues in men what is the first thing that comes to your mind um thank you patricia i think when the subject of depression is men is uh concerned uh first and foremost when it's a man i think there is a question of denial because how we are nurtured as african men if i may is that uh you're supposed to be strong all the time you're never supposed to show weakness you're not supposed to be emotional so you find that uh as a man we hardly admit that we're in a state of depression because we want to maintain that status quo of i'm strong and i'm fine i'm in control of the situation yeah okay i feel when you get to hear about mental health and especially probably when someone is talking about depression what strikes you especially when you think when you think about depression in men when i think about depression in men i think about um a man in functioning in his limited ability you see when a man is functioning in his limited ability it means that his brain is not functioning at its optimal meaning there's something that affecting him and there are many things that can affect where we function or the functionality of a man lifestyle family work uh and and even thoughts of of of things are not going well and you begin to have negative thoughts and you begin to entertain those thoughts you get depressed so i think about a man not functioning at his full optimal or at his optimal capacity okay most of the time we talk about depression now while addressing literally both male and female we know some of the triggers this is probably we have social economy we also have probably certain issues that people uh that affect people and probably lead to depression we know probably as when we look up at men they expect them to be providers protectors and sometimes probably a man is really trying so hard to do it but at the moment probably they cannot manage to do that so why do you think that men feel embarrassed to come up and talk about the issues that affect them Gidion what is it that has made us not like create a war to make sure that has a woman as i cry or as i have i can approach someone easily and tell them this is what i'm going through a man cannot have that freedom okay among among other reasons that would make a man not want to talk about the state they are in uh and the major reason i think it's the ego because we think as men we are so strong we are superior than the women and actually statistic has it that women most of the people who undergo depression are women but on the other hand most of the those people who commit suicide as a result of depression amen amen and this is because this man feels like no it can't be me how a man as strong as i'm supposed to be how can i admit that i'm in depression how can i admit that things are running out of hand so it turns out being it's around the kind of the the the impression i want to create the face it's about what people think of me how people see me people shouldn't see me as a weak person people shouldn't see me as a person who is not in control so we end up closing and blocking even seeking assistance we cannot even seek help because we feel we have it all under control but in reality we are suffering as men and i think it's a question of just knowing that it is normal and it is fine as a man to go through depression and even talk about it so that you can seek help yeah okay so uh feel when we talk about the reason as to why men are embarrassed to probably talk about mental issues or issues that they get to face what do we think what do you think now we can do in terms of creating platforms where men can feel comfortable to really talk about their issues before we now try to look at what the church can do yeah first of all i think it's it's important to change the narrative because the perspective that is there is that a man is not supposed to be you know the perspective that is as put out there is that a man is supposed to be alive even liars do get wounded sometimes you know and it's okay for us to change the narrative and know that sometimes it's okay to fail that sometimes it's okay to make mistakes that sometimes it's okay to make blanda any great thing began from a seed so it is important sometimes to take our lessons of failure you know our lessons of of of feeling we have let down someone or our self on one way or another sometimes it is important to take it positively and to make them a stepping stone and a learning experience what doesn't break you makes you so if you want to be great stand on top of something you can stand on top of your failure and conquer that goliath of failure and become strong you can stand on top of that weakness and stand on top of the weaknesses and become strong it's okay to fail it's okay to make mistakes for mistakes and failure is a greatest teacher of life okay i really like that for and i hope that for men or probably for every person who is watching us tonight they are really picking on certain strong points that are being talked about here tonight i would like us to look at masculinity uh we know people say that men are not supposed to be emotional but the question here is it are we living in a society that says men are supposed to be strong but we have men probably dying from the inside we just talk of the of them we can see them being strong physically but emotionally these people are literally draining so Gidion how can men talk about their issues seek help and still have a balance of being strong being termed as strong beings how do we now create the balance between these two things this starts from the issue of strong a man being strong and everything starts from socialization it is about how we are groomed by our parents because you'll find when a boy and a girl are being raised there's a particular way that a boy is supposed to behave for example you find for a boy when you're growing you are told kuliani makosa you're not even supposed to cry even when you're very much emotional you're not supposed to show emotions but i think for men and as we grow up and with the kind of exposure we've got we've got to realize that first of all before i'm a man i am a human being and human beings are social beings they are emotional beings at the same time they are spiritual beings and therefore i think the question of strong and weak should be it should come much later after i've admitted that i can go through anything a woman can go through and for me to get that help i have to admit i have to say yes i'm going through this but it is possible to overcome as pastor phil has said because if you think of yourself as superman as the society wants us to look like you fail you even fail more and that's when you reach to a point where you feel now that the superman in me didn't conquer this i think the best thing i should do is to quit and what happens that is when the society does start coming in so how to strike the balance let's admit that yes we are supposed to be leaders as men we are supposed to be strong as men but that doesn't mean that we don't face problems that can overwhelm us sometimes and when we face them they are they are always avenues to channel those problems so that we can get help from those people who probably cancel us we have even other men i can just go and share with men but we don't share that's why i started by saying that most of the people women are known to be the most affected by depression but men are the majority that die as a result of depression it's because you don't want to seek help okay uh when you look around when you talk because people not feeling men not feeling free to talk about a mental health is because of stigmatization because they have that fear inside of them of how if i go probably sometimes even talking to their wives or their partners or their sisters or their mothers they they think about the first thought is how are they going to take me how are they going to think about me so feel i would like you to talk as we talk about stigmatization around mental health what do you think the church what role can the church play to make sure that we are creating strong men both physically and emotionally okay before i come to the church uh it's okay for men to know that it's okay to bleed you cannot heal unless you bleed and one of the ways wounds heal faster is when you expose your wounds so don't feel sad don't feel uh don't die with your pain expose your wound let your wound heal you know it's okay to expose your wound for the wound to heal so i'd like men to know that don't be ashamed of the bleeding because bleeding is a pathway for healing so let your pain out you know let loose loose you don't talk to people talk to your fellow men talk to your pastor talk to people that you look up to and tell them hey bro i'm bleeding you go samela suplus or something you know that that's okay to expose your second in order to heal now coming back to the church the church plays an important role the bible says as a man think it solves it so actually their god is telling us that it is important for us to have positive thinking you are who you let me tell you who you are mostly is also determined by who you hang around with i was talking to my friend today my friend is called oj and i was talking to my friend today and i was telling oj you know there are some people that you can hang around with and they can just drain you and take away the grace from you and take away the strength from you and take away the virtue from you i'm sure patricia you being around people because they have negative energy as a man think it's so easy it is important number one to hang around good people to hang around people who have positive energy who will influence who will influence us to grow and god says in his word that i live in a high and holy place but also in them that are broken and contrite in spirit god is with you despite your pain despite what you're going through despite how long you've been there let me tell you one thing that i like the bible man the bible says surely when i like that verse in the book of desire it says surely when a man falls down doesn't he get up and this is what i'll say to the man wake up shake off the dust off your feet and walk again smile again dance again sing again for you are a man full of strength full of grace that god has given you wow that is very powerful as we try to still continue have this conversation because apparently time is kind of not on our side i would like you give them to address your mental health when it comes to young men we have young men probably go through a certain situation and they turn to drugs what message do you have tonight for young men we're watching us tonight probably we're going to see these a clip later on what can you tell them what is one of the best ways probably for them to seek help when they feel stressed or they feel pressured thank you any young men watching out there i think the most important thing for you to know is that you are not the first now there are last person who will go through that particular situation so as you go through it just know that it is coming to pass it is not here to stay we have gone through it others have gone through it many more even after you will go through it so don't allow yourself to die just because of the situation you are in drugs are not a solution uh engaging in uh irresponsible act is not the solution pasta has said it that god has told us in his word that even man falls they shall rise the same applies to a young person if you fall you'll rise and there is a great future ahead of you don't allow any situation to define you or limit you from becoming the person that god designed you to become there's greatness in you run for it okay well there's greatness in you run for it as you wind up feel how do we show support to men when they are fighting depression when they are going through mental health how do we show support and love first of all let us speak about it openly because as i said earlier hidden wounds don't heal so let them come out and speak about their wounds and one of the ways we can show support is that we are saying hey guys we are here well available you can talk to us about what you're going through it's not the end of the world someone went through that and you overcame and and it became a better man and we give example as well of people who were nothing and today they are one of the greatest leaders in this world so i will tell uh people who are fighting and struggling with depression out there you know what you're not alone you know god is with you and we're here with you we can stand with you because you're stronger than you think wow thank you very much guys for finding the time to talk about this how you know probably the time we're sure to going to create more another probably another day and talk more about depression you've heard what today feel and gidion have talked about for me what i can tell is that it is okay to not be okay whether as a man or a woman if you don't take care of your mental health then it is not easy for you to progress in other aspects of your life my name is patricia muriuki and do have yourselves a very good night thank you


This study examined the effect of regular exercise on the life satisfaction of women age 50 to 55. It was found that those who participated in fitness classes had higher levels of life satisfaction than those who did not. Additionally, it was discovered that the majority of participants took up physical activities to improve their physical ability and shape. This article was authored by Ava Pusselauskalisus, Silvia Muziel, Claudia Lies, and others.