Stories and content in Weird Darkness can be disturbing for some listeners and is intended for mature audiences only. Parental discretion is strongly advised. It was dark all around him. Except for a small one-meter hole a few feet ahead of him that brought in faint light, he couldn't see anything else in the room. He tried standing up, but he only felt the ropes tied to his hands and legs on the chair tighten. The door opened after a few minutes. Someone switched on the lights. He saw three people enter, one after another. They sat in three chairs kept around the circular table before him.  The person sitting opposite to him, probably the leader, spoke, �You�ve been kidnapped.� He was silent for a couple of seconds, and then burst out laughing. He laughed until he was coughing and there were tears in his eyes. �What�s so funny about being kidnapped?� the leader asked in a serious tone. �No, I didn�t laugh for that. I laughed because you chose to kidnap a new and budding author. How much ransom do you think you could extract out of a novelist? Don�t you guys do some research to identify the right prospects before kidnapping?� he said and beamed. �If you finished your lecture, we�d like to clarify that we did not kidnap you for money. Of course, we have that much common sense� the leader said. �Then why did you kidnap me? Why?� he asked. �You are the author of the recently released mystery novel, The Great Bank Robbery. Aren�t you?� the leader asked. His eyes widened in excitement. He said, �Yes, so you were that one person who bought it? Did you read it? Did you like it? Why don�t you leave a positive review for it on Stop It?� the leader thundered. �We liked your plot and the research you�ve done on the banking system. Besides, you�re the only author of a bank robbery mystery living in this city. �Well, I did expect some crazy fans�� he said with a smiling face. �But this is taking fandom to a whole new level. I mean, you could have just walked into my house if you had wanted my autograph. His kidnapping thing wasn�t nonsense. The novel, for your information, was dull and unengagingly written. It was a hopeless mystery,� the leader said, looking straight into his eyes. �Then why did you kidnap me?� he shouted, unable to hide his agony. �If it isn�t obvious to you yet, we want you to write a foolproof plan for robbing the Royal Bank. The kind of information you have, that should be easy� the leader said and smiled. The enormity of the situation struck him hard. Even the lack of sales except that one copy did not discourage him. But this was walking into trouble. But the first time he wished he hadn�t written a bank robbery mystery. A Harlequin romance might have been a better safe choice. Welcome, weirdos. I�m Darren Marlar and this is Weird Darkness. Here you�ll find stories of the paranormal, supernatural, legends, lore, crime, conspiracy, mysterious, macabre, unsolved and unexplained. Coming up in this episode, don�t take candy from strangers. That warning stemmed from a real kidnapping in 1874, made even more history making by being the first kidnapping in U.S. history to demand money for the child�s safe return. I�ll share true kidnapping stories told by the victims, stories you�ve never heard because none of them made the evening news. In some kidnapping cases, the victim outsmarts their abductor. We�ll look at a few quick thinking abductees whose out of the box thinking and determination to survive helped them to escape their captors. In some cases of kidnapping, the victims have an opportunity to escape, but don�t. They even try to help those who abducted them in the first place. In many cases, this indicates the victim is suffering from a terrifying type of brainwashing that we�ve come to know as Stockholm Syndrome, and we�ll look at a few famous cases of it. And a beautiful California co-ed was kidnapped in 1974, and two months later she burst into a bank with a machine gun. We�ll look at how Stockholm Syndrome changed the 19-year-old wealthy heiress Patty Hearst into a cold blooded bank robber. While listening, be sure to check out the Weird Darkness website. At WeirdDarkness.com you can sign up for the newsletter to win monthly prizes. Find paranormal and horror audiobooks I�ve narrated. Watch old horror movies for free. Listen to my other podcast, The Church of the Undead. Plus, you can visit the Hope in the Darkness page if you�re struggling with depression or dark thoughts. You can find all of that and more at WeirdDarkness.com.  Don�t take candy from strangers. Your parents may have told you this when you were young, but you probably never considered where the caution came from. The grim origins of the phrase lie with a four-year-old named Charlie Ross who was abducted in 1874. The kidnapping of Charlie Ross shocked the nation. Perhaps the child was targeted for his family�s assumed wealth. His father, Christian Ross, owned a fine house in Philadelphia�s ritzy Germantown area, though the family was actually in debt. Whatever the motive, on July 1, 1874, Charlie and his older brother Walter were playing in their front yard when they were approached by two men in a horse-drawn carriage. The two men offered the boys candy and invited them for a ride. They accepted, and later that day, Walter was returned to his parents. But Charlie was not. When disturbing ransom notes began arriving at the Ross home, Charlie�s panicked parents went to the police and the Pinkerton Detective Agency got involved in the search as the media spread the story around the country. In the end, little Charlie was never seen again. But his tragic tale left a legacy. It was the first kidnapping for ransom to receive substantial media attention in American history, and today a major missing person�s database still bears his name. On July 1, 1874, a horse-drawn carriage with two men pulled up in front of the Ross�s yard in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Charlie Ross, age 4, and his brother Walter Ross, age 5, apparently recognized the men. Supposedly they had stopped by the house before and given the boys candy. This time the men gave the Rosss an invitation, come in the carriage, and they would buy the boys firecrackers. The children got in and they went off to a local store where Walter was given 25 cents to spend. But when Walter came out, Charlie and the men stayed behind in the carriage and they drove away. The chilling episode is said to have inspired the often repeated phrase, �Don�t take candy from strangers.� After the two men sped off in a carriage with his little brother on July 1, 5-year-old Walter Ross was left behind in an unfamiliar part of Philadelphia. Thankfully, Walter made it back home, though reports differ on how he got there. Either his worried father found him or a neighbor returned him safely. Either way, once Walter arrived back at his parents� house, he told them about everything that had happened. The very first known ransom note in the United States was written concerning the return of Charlie Ross. In 2013, 22 letters were found in a basement belonging to Bridget Flynn, a Philadelphia school librarian who had several bins full of family heirlooms. All of the notes were addressed to Christian Ross, Charlie�s father, and asked for $20,000 in exchange for the boy. The very first letter, riddled with spelling errors, was dated July 3, 1874 and read, �Mr. Ross, be not uneasy. You son Charlie Brewster, he all writ, we has got him and no powers on earth can deliver out of our hand.  If you put the cops hunting for him, you is only defeating your own end. We have got him fit, so no living power can get him from us alive. If any approach is made to his hide-and-place, that is, the signal for his instant annihilation. If you regard his life puts no one to search for him, you money can fetch him out alive, and no other existent powers don�t deceive yourself and think the detectives can get him from us, for that is one impossible. You hear from us in a few days. You can see how badly the note was misspelled and how awful the grammar was by reading the note in the transcript of this episode, but you will find a link to in the show notes. The notes that came to the Ross house after Charlie was abducted were insistent. Pay the $20,000 if you want to see your son again. But the family simply didn�t have the money. Despite owning a fine house, Christian Ross was in debt. Over the next several years, the Ross family ultimately spent $60,000 in search for Charlie, the modern-day equivalent of a small fortune. Charlie Ross�s father, Christian Ross, hired the Pinkerton Detective Agency to assist in the search for his son. The Pinkertons were known for their inexhaustible efforts. In fact, their company motto was �We Never Sleep,� and they had a large collection of mugshots and related information about criminals. Why not rely on the local authorities? Christian Ross had doubts that the Philadelphia police force had his best interests at heart and didn�t think they were doing enough to find Charlie. However, the Pinkertons� efforts also failed to turn up any answers about the boy�s disappearance.  She was completely unaware that her young son had been kidnapped. That is, until front-page ads pleading for his return hit the front page of the newspapers. The frantic woman returned home to Philadelphia at once. Two men were fatally shot while robbing a home in Brooklyn, New York on December 13, 1874. The last words from one of them were a confession. He claimed to be involved in the Charlie Ross kidnapping. The other man died at the scene. These two men were William Mosher and Joseph Douglas, both suspects in the abduction. The police had been searching for them for some time. Mosher died right away, and according to Douglas, only Mosher knew where Charlie was. Walter Ross�s brother was taken to the morgue to identify the bodies, and he confirmed that they were the men who invited them into their horse-drawn carriage. The abduction of Charlie Ross was the first such case to receive nationwide attention, thanks to the news media. Articles about him appeared in national publications, including the illustrated newspaper and local papers around the country wrote about the shocking kidnapping. A record 700,000 fliers also were passed out with information about the boy in the hopes that someone, somewhere, knew something about the case. In addition to the print media, Charles Plight was popularized in song. Two tunes, Bring Back Our Darling and I Want to See Mama Once More, kept his story in the public imagination. Over the years, several boys and men came forward claiming to be Charlie Ross. Juan even took his claims to court. Gustav Blair, a resident of Phoenix, Arizona, petitioned the court in his home state to accept the fact that he was indeed Charlie Ross. He claimed to have lived in a cave after his kidnapping and said he only discovered his true identity after he was adopted by a man who told him he was Charlie Ross. The Ross family didn�t contest the suit, so Blair won. Of course they didn�t accept that he was really Charlie, and DNA testing didn�t exist to prove any family relationship between Blair and the Rosses. He one person was jailed for supposed involvement in the kidnapping. William Westervelt, an associate of William Mosher�s. Investigators received a tip from a criminal, Gil Mosher, William Mosher�s brother, who claimed that William Mosher and his friend, Joseph Douglas, resembled the kidnappers. Westervelt was a former NYPD officer who had been fired for corruption. He was also Mosher�s brother-in-law. Westervelt spent some time working as a double agent, gathering information from Douglas and William Mosher, but at the same time giving the criminals details about the police investigation. Ultimately, Westervelt was charged and convicted of complicity to commit the kidnapping. Charles Ross was never found, though his family never gave up searching for answers. His father, Christian Ross, passed away in 1897 at the age of 73. His mother, Sarah Ross, passed away in 1912 at the age of 79. The abduction of Charlie Ross had major implications for not just his family, but the community. In 1975, Pennsylvania changed the charge of kidnapping from a misdemeanor to a felony. It was the first state to do so. Christian Ross wrote a book about his son�s kidnapping in 1876. The book, The Father�s Story of Charlie Ross, The Kidnapped Child, a full and complete account of the abduction of Charles Brewster Ross, was published by John E. Pottering Company of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The book included information about the case and had a chapter on another missing boy, Freddie Leib. The Charlie Project, named for Charlie Ross, contains valuable information about missing persons, including thousands of documents, digital flyers and other resources. In a way, it acts today as the newspapers did when Charlie Ross went missing. It provides information and a way to spread the word. When Weird Darkness returns, I�ll share true kidnapping stories told by the victims. Stories you�ve likely never heard because none of them made the evening news. The song White Christmas used to be one of my favorite holiday tunes until the year of the ice storm. One December, Robin and I heard a loud crash outside. Not only did the ice cause a large tree to fall onto our house, but it ripped out the power lines. We were suddenly in sub-freezing temperatures with Jack Frost nipping at our noses thanks to zero heat or electricity. Talk about baby it�s cold outside. If this happened today, I�d be hooking up my Patriot Power Generator 2000X. This solar-powered monster can power your lights, TV, medical equipment like my CPAP machine, even keep your refrigerator running, and possibly root all snows, although I can�t vouch for that last one. Plus, it�s expandable and comes with a free solar panel, so you can begin using it immediately. And because it�s solar and portable, you can use it indoors without having to worry about deadly carbon monoxide fumes, and you don�t have to spend money on gasoline to power it, because solar power is free. That�s something even Ebenezer Scrooge could smile at. FourPatriots.com has a ton of great gift ideas, and they�re always offering special deals, and we�ve set up a special page for Weirdos just for that purpose. Visit fourpatriots.com slash weird. That�s the number four patriots.com slash weird. Just like the holidays, though, these deals never last long, so you�ll want to check this daily to see what the latest special deals are. That�s fourpatriots.com slash weird. Many kidnapping victims, at least the high-profile ones, have their stories told in newspapers, on television, and in books. However, this doesn�t encompass everyone who�s been kidnapped, which can happen to the young and old, at times when you least expect it. There are plenty of true abduction stories that haven�t been broadcast to the general public. The stories I�m about to relate are all true according to the Reddit users who wrote them, the ones who lived through these traumatic experiences. Not my own abduction, but my cousin was abducted. She lives in Mexico.  Men wearing bandanas over their faces pulled her into the van, tied her up, and placed a hood over her head. They drove for a long time according to my cousin, and she was taken to and left at a barn, along with other kidnapped young women. She asked what was going on and where they were, but the women wouldn�t answer her. She somehow got loose from her rope and started to look for an escape. She found a window and broke it with a chair. She urged the other girls to come with her, but they were too scared to leave. My cousin left them, and she ran nonstop to the nearest town, staying off the roads in case they were looking for her. Luckily she found a phone in the town and called her family. She�s safe now, but she could never remember where the location of the barn was. She still feels guilty about it all. When I was 11 years old we lived in a small villa behind a Canadian university. Just for reference, we live in a Muslim country, Dubai, UAE. When I was younger I was really into skateboarding and was skate in front of our house.  I dropped my board and fled for the gate. As I opened the metal gate I felt a cold hand grab my neck and try to pull me. I grabbed the gate and forced myself through it, closing it behind me. I was not abducted, but the feeling of the cold hand still haunts me 10 years later. My mother would steal my sister in me away and hide us from the rest of my family every time she would get upset with our father. She would leave us with any random person who would take us and leave. I remember bits and pieces but mostly just being scared and wanting to go home. I couldn't have been more than three or four years old at the time. It was bad enough that my dad called CPS and gave up his parental rights to the state who had placed us with our paternal grandmother. When I was about 13 my girlfriend and I were walking home from the library during summer break. We both had a few books and a beautiful day in Northern New Jersey so we were very happy.  As we were standing on the corner just talking before we would have parted ways, a 60's style red car pulled up at the corner. A very attractive young blonde in his 20's asked if we knew the location of Church Street. Where we were standing at the corner you could clearly tell Church Street was about 20 feet on the other side of the main road where we all stopped. So the question was odd. Furthermore, Church Street was only a block long, was a one way and only had a large church and approximately four houses on it. What would this guy in the cherry red car need on Church Street? A girlfriend and I just pointed to Church Street and said it's right there. Weird. The gentleman then introduced himself and tried to initiate conversation. He was articulate, attractive and charming. Why was he talking to us? He made jokes, asked us about what we were doing, did we know where to get a soda, etc. He told me that I had beautiful hair, long wavy auburn and that he was a hairstylist. He said he would like to cut my hair for free and would like to use me in a modeling show. He asked me to come take some paperwork so he could give me some information. Though my hair got a lot of comments, I certainly was not model material. More weird. He kept talking, trying to be over friendly almost and it just kept becoming more creepy. He offered to buy us sodas and drive us home since it was hot. After saying no many times in many ways and trying not to give him any real info, he finally drove slowly down Church Street. My girlfriend began to run home her way and I wanted to get to my house ASAP. I remember thinking that if he went around the block that he'd come up on me again alone, so I made the decision to take a slight detour and go down Church Street. It was risky since it was a very sparse street, yet I figured at least he could not really turn around on the one-way street and if he did, I'd see him coming. I cut through the church complex and made it home where I told my dad what had happened. The police came and took a report and also talked to my friend. They mentioned that a gentleman had attempted to speak with another girl on the other side of town a few days prior who matched the car and physical description. I never found out more information or heard anything else about it, but that scared teen me for a long time. I have a friend who was kidnapped. He came home late one night and a van pulled up right beside him and a few guys grabbed him. They were planning on holding him for ransom under the impression his dad was rich. His dad did pay the ransom and he was dumped in some remote part of the city and he had to find his own way home, luckily uninjured. It happened a couple of years back and to this day he refuses to go out at night. You can see he still gets visibly shaken whenever a vehicle passes or stops nearby him. My friend and I were playing in a creek that ran from her backyard to the next street over. I was seven or eight at the time. We were playing around, talking when I just stopped. She, confused, kept asking what was wrong because I just stopped in my tracks. This guy in a green car had passed by and then backed up to where we were to stop and stare at us. We slowly started opening his door, then locked all of them with the power button, but manually unlocked the passenger side, the one facing us, which was weird to me. I told my friend very quietly, on the count of three, run as fast as you can back home. One, two, three. When we started to take off, I heard the man's door shut and the car take off.  By this time we were out of breath and crying. It was terrifying. I was five and my family lived in a really poor part of town. I was never allowed to play outside for very long or in the dark. My only friend was my next-door neighbor who was about my age. On that day, my mom was really tired because of a new baby and taking care of me and my two-year-old brother. I begged to play outside with my neighbor and finally my mom said yes as long as we stayed in the yard where she could see me from the window.  A white man leans over and asks us if we had seen a dog. My neighbor just stood in the yard but I couldn't hear so well so I started walking toward the car. I got about a foot from the passenger door and saw another guy start sitting up in the back seat. Then I heard a door slam and turned to see my mother running with no shirt on. She had just been breastfeeding my sister, running through the yard, yelling for me to get behind her and my neighbor to run home. The car sped off. The cops came and we moved several cities away. Years later, I found out that they were two men my father worked with. When the cops raided their house, they found all kinds of gross costumes and journals of their plans. I remember for weeks after that my parents made me sleep with them and even had my huge grandfather move in and sleep in our living room. At the time, I was embarrassed that the whole neighborhood saw my mom's boobs flying around but now I'm pretty proud. I was not kidnapped but a college roommate of mine was. While he was still in Bosnia, he was part of an amateur football team when he was fifteen. They were practicing in a football field when several vans showed up and at gunpoint dragged everyone into the vans. They were driven to a secluded wooded area and held there for several days. I don't remember what the kidnappers were after, if it was a ransom or something political. He told me that one night they were sitting around the fire, he was looking at one of his kidnappers, and his head exploded. Soon another kidnapper's head explodes. The gunmen all get up and soon a firefight ensues. Apparently the military had showed up with snipers. It sounds amazing but he was a very serious type of person, the kind of person that you know has seen too much. My closest friend described an experience that haunts her to this day, even as a mother now. She was abducted from her job when she was fourteen. The guy intended to rob the place but he instead took the money and her, blindfolding and binding her. He drove around town telling her that he was going to end her. Instead of crying she calmly explained that he didn't have to do that. The robber became very emotional yet she talked him through it.  They drove around town for a few hours, all the while she was blindfolded and her wrists were bound. By this time the police were looking for her and by three a.m. the robber decided to bring her back to work. The police were waiting and he was taken into custody. She suffered from incredible anxiety after that for a long time. Being alone was almost impossible for her to do without breaking down and crying. Even in college seeing someone walk in a crosswalk while she was waiting in a street light made her hyperventilate. It got bad when she had painkillers from her wisdom teeth removed. If the stress was too much for her to handle, she would take a pill.  I am absolutely amazed how she has turned out. She is well adjusted and raising her two children without problem. I couldn't imagine talking someone out of taking my life. My sister is doing time for kidnapping. Here is her story. She is a meth addict and rolls with a biker crowd. One day she gets a call from one of these guys saying that they have a problem and need her. So she goes to the address and it is a hotel.  He tells her that he is missing three ounces of glass and these three are the only ones that have been in the room. He doesn't want to physically beat it out of them because they are chicks and he is on parole. My sister tells him to gather all their possessions, they had been partying for a few days and put it in her trunk. After that is done she tells him to take it to a safe house and thoroughly go through their things. So off he goes. And then my sister starts interrogating them. Both girls, over 18, younger than 21, they say they have no idea what is going on. The guy calls and says there is nothing in their gear so he comes back to the hotel. They decide to get the girls to the house and the interrogation gets intense. They go to the house and the girls are handcuffed in the basement. My sister and another old lady go to town on these chicks. Nothing super bad but punching, spitting, verbal assaults, etc. Well, a day goes by and the girls don't have anything to say. The guy goes back to the hotel and, lo and behold, the dope was in the vent in the bathroom. The guy goes back to the house and they are going to let the girls go. The girls are told not to say anything and they agree and are released. One girl takes off and goes right to the police. The other girl asks if she can stay and get high. Sis got two and a half years and gets out in May of this year. I have not personally been abducted but when my mom was younger, I think about 9 years old, she was abducted. She used to walk to church on Sundays which was about a block away from her house. So she was on her way to church when a man in a red car pulled up beside her. He told my mom that he was friends with her parents and they asked him to drive her to church. Being the naive little girl that she was, she believed him. She got in the car with him and it wasn't long before she realized they were not going to church. He drove her to these woods and they got out and he laid a blanket on the ground. He told her to sit down on it and he told her that her parents had asked him to talk to her about sex. She never actually told me what he did to her but she said that she was molested. After he was done doing whatever he did to her, he just got in his car and left her in the woods all alone. He had told her that he was going to get something out of his car and that he'd be right back. She told me she wasn't scared or frightened at all until she heard the car start and she knew that he was leaving. She panicked a little but then got up and started walking back the way she came. She reached a really busy road and followed it until she got to a little neighborhood. She said there was a lady checking her mail and ran to her. She told the lady what happened and the lady called my mom's parents and my mom's parents called the police. I was 13 and lived in a low income run down area where sex work was an everyday thing. From as young as I can remember I would regularly have random men ask me if I wanted to earn some pocket money. One evening I was walking back from my friend's house and a couple of streets away from my house I saw a regular working girl that I always stopped to chat with. Note that I grew up on the same street and the sex workers were familiar faces to me and I would always talk to them.  I looked over to the car and noticed the men had gone out and were standing, watching. One of the girls had a glass bottle and smashed it on the wall and held it up to me and told me to empty my pockets. When I refused, she started grabbing me and trying to pull me toward the car. The men were now opening the back door for us. Then all of a sudden the girl I'd stopped and spoke to appeared out of nowhere and grabbed me and ran home with me. My dad took me to the police station and the officer told me this is usually how working girls end up in the game. If they had succeeded, I would have been taken somewhere and pumped full of drugs until I was hooked and repeatedly assaulted to break me in. I never saw the sex worker again, even though she was a regular by my street. I worry all the time about what's happened to her. I was about eight or nine years old, walking home from my best friend's house back to my home. A guy pulled up beside me wearing a police uniform. Seemed totally legit, but who knows. But he was driving a super crappy sedan like one of those old Buick-like boat cars. He's really aggressive and assertive, saying to get in the car that I need to go with him right now. My dad's at the hospital and sent this guy to come get me. My mom was in an accident, but he's here to take me to her. I totally lost my cool, felt super sketched out and I just burst out crying, and as this guy shouting at me to get in the car, I panicked and just started sprinting all the way home. I get home and my dad is watering the garden, cool as anything, and I'm completely losing my mind, absolutely hysterical. He calms me down, hears the story and calls 911. He gave them the description and sure enough they catch this guy with a 13-year-old girl in the back seat who he managed to talk into going with him. When my mom was younger, my sister, who was a baby at the time, was almost stolen.  This nice looking young woman came up to my mom and offered to hold my sister so my mom could get the luggage. My mom, who in her defense was tired and jet lagged, gave the lady my sister to hold. The woman immediately sprinted off with my sister, but she was caught later by security. My mom says she was super paranoid about anyone holding us kids for the longest time. My brother was kidnapped in broad daylight while he and my parents were out shopping. This was in Chile, late 80s. I can't remember how old he was exactly, but I want to say around three or four. One minute he was there, the next he was gone. The police got involved and they searched for him for a good long while before he was found a few blocks away. A lot of children were kidnapped and sold off in those days. Luckily for my brother, the kidnappers didn't get very far before they realized he had a large birthmark by his eye that would have made him worthless. It wasn't me, but my uncle was abducted in Cabo a few years ago. He was walking through a back alley near Cabo Abo, which he knows now that he shouldn't have been, and two guys walked up to him from the front, pulled out screwdrivers and started yelling at him. He was hit over the head with something that knocked him out. Next thing he remembered was waking up tied to a chair in some room. He was able to get out of the rope and hop out the window. All he did was run after that. It almost happened to my now-wife while she was walking home one evening and decided to take a shortcut through an alley. It was around 5 or 6 pm and getting dark fast. All of a sudden, a man approaches her from behind with a knife and guides her toward a white van with no windows in the back where a second man was waiting. Once he slides the door open, she sees a window of opportunity and yells, That's my purse! I don't know you! And Tomahawk kicks him in the nuts. She runs nonstop for about five blocks and calls me, gasping for air and screaming about what just happened. To make a long story short, they never found the perverts and she now carries a compact 9mm. I was friends with a guy in university who was kidnapped as a child. Apparently in Taiwan, it was very common for children of wealthy families to get kidnapped for ransom money. And this is what happened to him. Although he doesn't remember much, he did tell me that it took a couple of days for him to get rescued and he was treated fairly decently. Still, the experience must have taken a toll on him since he was a little high strung and anxious and he was overprotective of his little brother, despite both of them being fully grown adults. Coming up, in some kidnapping cases, the victim outsmarts their abductor. We'll look at a few quick thinking abductees who's out of the box thinking and determination to survive help them to escape their captors. Plus, in some cases of kidnapping, the victims have an opportunity to escape, but don't. They even try to help those who abducted them in the first place. We'll look at a few of the most famous cases of what has become known as Stockholm Syndrome when Weird Darkness returns. Do you keep a journal or diary? If not, maybe you should consider it. It's been shown that journaling can help you reduce stress, help relieve depression, builds self-confidence, it boosts your emotional intelligence, helps with achieving goals, inspires creativity, and more. In fact, my friend S. N. Lenees has created a Weird Darkness-themed journal just for you. Full of blank pages for you to use as a diary, make notes for class or office meetings, jot down ideas for that novel you want to write. Use it for keeping a mileage long if you travel for business, whatever you want. In fact, she has numerous styles of journals to choose from. Along with the Weird Darkness journal, there's one for dealing with grief or teachers' notes for medical residencies, keeping track of your meds or health routine, and several others. Journals make a great gift for others, but it's also a great gift for yourself and your own mental health. No matter what you might want a journal for, my friend Ann has it, and you can see all of our journals, including the one for Weird Darkness, on the sponsors and friends page at WeirdDarkness.com. If you've ever tried to imagine what you would do in a kidnapping situation, you probably pictured yourself as one of those cool, calm, smart victims. And though that's usually much harder than it sounds, the following stories are of victims who did just that and actually outsmarted their captors. These are victims who talked their way out of danger, like Benedict Cumberbatch, who survived a kidnapping attempt in South Africa. And then there are other stories of quick thinking, like the little girl who faked an asthma attack to escape her would-be abductor. All of these cases are impressive feats of bravery and will have you taking notes just in case you ever find yourself in the same scenario. Here are a few amazing survival stories of people who outwitted their captors. It was every parent's worst nightmare. But 12-year-old Rebecca Savarise was able to think on her toes and outsmart her would-be abductor. While walking alone to school in 1994, a man came up to Rebecca and pressed a gun into her side. He commanded her to walk to his car. Rebecca did as she was told, but as they got closer she pretended to lose her breath. Her attacker was startled, giving her enough time to run away. He was left holding her backpack and then jumped in his car and took off. Eyewitness accounts eventually led to his capture and it turned out that he was responsible for the deaths of at least three other children. In 2002, Michelina Lewandowska's fiancee attacked her with a taser, bound and gagged her and then buried her alive. It is truly a tale of staying calm in an insanely stressful situation. After waking up in a cardboard box underground, Michelina was able to use her engagement ring to cut herself free. Her fiancee apparently committed the crime because he wanted complete control over their three-year-old son and had, quote, grown tired of her, unquote. Michelina says she was able to survive by thinking about getting back to her child. Years before he became the crime solving super detective Sherlock Holmes or superhero crime fighter Dr. Strange, Benedict Cumberbatch had to outsmart criminals in real life. In 2005 he was filming the miniseries The Ends of the Earth in South Africa and was traveling back to his hotel after a scuba diving lesson. The car ended up getting a flat tire and when he, actress Denise Black and a friend pulled over to fix it, they were ambushed by carjackers. The men frisked them, tied them up, and forced them into the car. After driving for a while, they stopped and tried to force Cumberbatch into the trunk. Thinking quickly though, he told them that he had a medical condition that would cause him to have a seizure if he were forced into the small space. I will be a dead Englishman in your car, not good, he said. The ploy worked and the carjackers released Cumberbatch and his friends. He said the ordeal inspired him to live a life less ordinary. Even in the middle of a horrifying nightmare, Jennifer Holliday was able to keep her wits about her. While driving with her 18-year-old cousin Anna in East Texas, the women were suddenly ambushed by gunfire. Jennifer had been badly wounded in the arm and the shooter approached the car to inflict more damage. He shot Anna in the head, killing her, and then dragged Jennifer into the woods to assault and torture her. With no help in sight, Jennifer knew her only chance at survival was to ask to go to her attacker's house. He was clearly on drugs and if she could maintain control over him, she knew she'd be able to get away. After arriving at the house, she convinced him that he had actually saved her from a car wreck. She was then able to call 911 right in front of him and while keeping her voice completely calm made the dispatcher realize she was in the presence of her attacker. Jennifer survived the ordeal and the man was captured. In 2008, a New York Times reporter and his translator escaped from the Taliban, thanks in part to a board game. After being captured in Afghanistan while doing research for a book, David Road, his translator Tahir and their driver were held in Pakistan while their captors made demands to the U.S. After seven months, their driver had turned against them and they knew that they had to make an escape. Tahir kept the guards up late one night, playing Chaka, a game similar to Parchezi. With the guards peacefully passed out, Road and Tahir climbed over a five-foot high wall and used a rope that they'd hidden days earlier to climb down and get away. When pirates decided to hijack a fishing vessel owned by Hassan Khalil, they messed with the wrong guy. Khalil's vessel and another ship were overtaken by pirates near the coast of Yemen in 2009. After trying to negotiate with the pirates unsuccessfully, he hired a group of mercenaries. Khalil paid one pirate $10,000 with the promise of more money and was allowed to re-board the ship to check on his crew. Once back on the ship, he and his crew attacked the pirates with guns, knives and tools. Eight pirates were delivered to the authorities, while two were killed in the sneak attack. In 2007, a gunman took over an Air Mauritania flight, demanding to be taken to France to seek asylum for unknown reasons. The pilot, Amidoh Mohamed Lameen, realized that the hijacker spoke no French and decided to use that against him. He spoke over the intercom in French, supposedly telling the crew and passengers to prepare for turbulence. With the gunman off balance, the crew had an opportunity to toss boiling water on him before he was overpowered by ten people. The plane was able to land safely and passengers were treated for only minor injuries. This next story proves that anyone can be disarmed by a celebrity. Johnny Weisbueller, who played Tarzan in twelve different films and created the iconic character's ape-like yell, was visiting Cuba during the revolution. While he and some friends were out golfing, they suddenly found their carts surrounded by rebel soldiers, pointing guns at them. After trying to communicate that he was the famous actor known for playing Tarzan, Weisbueller switched gears and let out one of his huge Tarzan yells. The starstruck rebels put down their guns and yelled, Tarzan, Tarzan! Weisbueller and his friends were escorted back to their hotel completely unharmed. In this next case, a kidnapper trusted his prisoner to set up a brand new cell phone for him and it totally backfired. Japanese journalist Kosuki Sunioka was captured in Afghanistan in 2010. After five months of captivity, he was losing hope of ever getting home. Then one of his kidnappers was having trouble setting up his new Nokia and asked Sunioka for help. Sunioka was able to convince him to get an internet connection which he then used to tweet his location while quote-unquote setting up the phone. He was freed a few days later. And in this story, the man showed absolutely no fear in the face of danger and luckily it worked. While in Seattle visiting his mother, the victim was riding a city bus near the Central District area. He noticed a suspicious teenager trying to hide his face and when the man reached his stop, the teen followed him. When the man turned around on the street, the teen pulled a gun out of a paper bag. Unfazed, the man said, What are you going to do with that pistol? He threatened to fight back if he was robbed and the would-be robber realized he was in way over his head. He hid the gun and parted ways with the man at the next street corner. Whenever terrible cases of kidnapping or hostage-taking come to light, people ask, Why didn't they try to escape? Tragically in many cases, hostages, kidnapping victims or members of cults cooperated with their tormentors and even resisted the police sent to rescue them, even though they faced unimaginable horrors. Through torture, dehumanization and disconnection from the outside world, many of these victims have been labeled brainwashed by the people who turned their world upside down. Victims of Stockholm syndrome will later explain that they felt completely unable to resist the criminals who kidnapped them. Cult leaders have also been known to exact similar brainwashing methods on their followers to gain complete control over their subjects, even to the point of inciting them to murder or mass suicide. These are some of the most shocking stories of people being brainwashed, where the men and women who were victimized lost not only their free will, but their humanity entirely. Let's begin with the incident which gave Stockholm syndrome its name. It took place during a bank robbery in 1973 at the Norma Storibank in Stockholm, Sweden. An escaped convict kept four hostages trapped inside the bank's vault. By the second day inside the vault, police on the scene started to have to deal with hostages who were brainwashed. The hostages were on a first name basis with their captor and responded to the police with hostility. When the hostage situation finally ended, the four hostages hugged their captor to protect him from police.  Months later, psychologists coined the term Stockholm syndrome for the bond that was formed between the hostages and their captor. The tragic story of 14-year-old Elizabeth Smart captured the fears and sympathy of America after she was taken from her Salt Lake City home one night and wasn't found until 9 months later as her captor, Brian Mitchell, moved her all over the country, torturing and raping her. While Mitchell may not have purposely taken lengths to brainwash Smart, the level of torture and neglect she faced certainly had an impact. After her rescue and during her testimony, she stated that she had opportunities to escape while held captive, but chose not to take them. At one point, Smart was questioned by a police officer who had received a tip that she had been spotted, but she chose not to scream for help or try to run away. When questioned about this incident in interviews later, she said, I was under threat of my life. I was under threat of my family's life, and those two threats right there are stronger than chains for me. It is wrong for any person to ever judge someone in any situation saying, well, why didn't you try to run? Why didn't you scream? Why didn't you try to do something? That is so wrong and frankly offensive to even ask that question. A man blamed with putting an end to the idealism and hope of the 1960s, Charles Manson stands out in this list because he did not kidnap people, nor did he brainwash his followers into killing themselves, but instead he convinced them to murder others in what became known as the Manson family killings. Following two prison stents for lesser crimes, Manson began collecting his followers, mostly women with troubled pasts. He asked his followers to give up their ego, to demonstrate self-sacrifice, and he told them about the future of the family, living in an underground paradise and then reappearing to seize control of the nation. He sought to keep his group's gender ratio at 5 to 1, so that the women could take care of the men's every desire. Manson would hammer his ideas into his followers' heads, then consolidate his control by dosing them with LSD, and then performing sermons to his drug adult audience preaching his racist, misogynist, and ultimately murderous beliefs. In the end, Manson successfully convinced his followers that the only way to bring about Helter Skelter, the eventual apocalyptic race war that he believed would lead to his world takeover, was to kill innocent people. The family, as they were called, carried out seven murders, including the murder of up-and-coming actress Sharon Tate, who was pregnant at the time. As a result, Manson was sentenced to death, later reduced to life imprisonment after the death penalty was abolished in California. J.C. Duggard was kidnapped in 1991, when she was 11 years old and wasn't released until 2009.  He would also make Duggard listen for the voices that he himself heard speaking to him from within his house walls. While Gerito was already married, many psychiatrists believed that in J.C.'s mind, her relationship with her twisted captor was similar to marriage, in part because the pair had two children together. Duggard was so controlled by Gerito that when police arrived to investigate and arrest Gerito, they were met by J.C., who introduced herself with her false identity, Alyssa. Police noted that while Duggard was aware that Gerito was a sex offender, she said that he was a changed man and was a great person and good with her kids. When pressed for details, Duggard became extremely defensive and agitated, demanding to know why she was being interrogated, even lying to protect Gerito.  Police officer Ali Jacobs noted that Duggard's two children, ages 11 and 15, appeared to be brainwashed by Gerito as well, as they stared at their father like God, adding, they had this weird look in their eyes like brainwashed zombies. It was only after Gerito's arrest that J.C. admitted, I adapted to survive my circumstances. In 2014, 148 Kurdish boys were held hostage by the terrorist group, known as ISIS, for five months in Syria. While Kurds and the Sunni ISIS are sworn enemies, the boys were subjected to such extreme brainwashing that even after their release, they still believe many of the teachings they received from their captors. Following his return, one boy, who gave himself the pseudonym John, said, I must speak the truth. The Islamic State are right and all the things they taught me are true. He then added, I am convinced they are right. The boys were brainwashed with constant forced education about the ISIS belief system paired with brutal torture, including being tied up and having members of ISIS practice karate and kickboxing on the children. They were also forced to watch videos of the infamous ISIS massacre videos. John explains that his liberal upbringing has kept him from joining ISIS now voluntarily, but admits that he still holds the beliefs he was taught to be true. Sometimes I am confused in my mind, he said, but everything they said, they proved using passages from the Qur'an. In a case that the FBI described as unparalleled in its brutality, Khaleen Stan was subjected to such an unfathomable level of physical and mental torture that a mental break was likely the only thing her body and mind could do to protect itself. After Cameron Hooker kidnapped Khaleen in 1977, he kept her in a coffin-sized box beneath his bed for seven years. Hooker kept Khaleen inside that box for 23 hours a day during the majority of her captivity, forcing her into sex slavery. Hooker had such control over her that she signed herself into sex slavery voluntarily in 1978. She was referred to as K, which served as her slave name and was only allowed to call Hooker Master. The root of Hooker's control over Khaleen was his invention of the company which he convinced her was an evil organization that was watching her and would torture and kill her family if she should go against Hooker's wishes or try to escape. Khaleen was so afraid to go against Hooker that even when he brought her back to visit her family, she didn't tell them the truth. He left her alone with her family, but she never said a word about her ordeal. She claimed Cameron was her boyfriend and that she was happy. She spent the night and the next morning posed for a picture with her abuser before leaving with him again. Finally, Hooker's wife, who had been a willing accomplice in Khaleen's kidnapping, grew guilty and helped Khaleen to escape. Cult brainwashing has also led to horrifying ends. Heaven's Gate was an American religious millenarium group that believed that Earth was about to be recycled by an alien race that was traveling in a spaceship behind the Hailbop Comet and the only chance to survive was to leave the planet immediately. The group's leader, Marshall Applewhite, convinced the group that suicide was not death but a way to turn against the next level when it is being offered. The group believed that in order to reach the next level, humans would have to shed every attachment to the planet. These attachments included family, friends, money and eventually their own bodies. Separation from their family and friends and the constant brainwashing or thought reform of repeated lectures and drills about the next level desensitized the Heaven's Gate members to the idea of death and suicide. Stanton Peele, a clinical psychologist specializing in addiction treatment and theory, compared the cult and its form of brainwashing to drug addiction, saying that while the group was ultimately destructive, it must have also been gratifying and their beliefs may even have had a narcosis-like effect similar to drugs or alcohol. In the end, 39 members of the cult killed themselves in 1997, believing that it was the only way to survive the impending apocalypse they were anticipating. Ten-year-old Natasha Kampuch was kidnapped as she walked to school alone for the very first time in Vienna, Austria. A man named Wolfgang Pricklapil captured her and took her to a secret cellar where she stayed for more than eight years. During her time in captivity, she was beaten, mentally abused and even starved so that she would be too weak to escape. Pricklapil played intense mind games with Kampuch.  She continued, I was so humiliated and filled with shame that I couldn't take a single step. He tore me away from the door saying, so you see, the world out there doesn't want you anyway. Your place is here and only here. Pricklapil also convinced Kampuch that the windows and doors of his home were booby-trapped with high explosives. Eventually when Kampuch was 18 years old, she seized an opportunity to escape. Her escape led to Pricklapil's death as he laid down on a railroad track and killed himself only hours later. A true sign of how much he had warped Kampuch's mind? When she heard of Pricklapil's death, she mourned for him. 11-year-old Sean Hornbeck went out for a bike ride back in 2002 and wasn't seen until four years later when he was finally discovered by police inside the home of his captor, Michael J. Devlin. For four years, Hornbeck was subjected to abuse and molestation, despite the fact that he could have easily escaped if not for the brainwashing he was subjected to. During his imprisonment, Hornbeck even had access to the internet, which he could have used to contact authorities. In an interview with People Magazine, Hornbeck explained why he didn't take his opportunities to escape. You're brainwashed. It's as simple as that, he said. I know people use that term a lot, but that's what happens to you. It's like you're on autopilot. Only someone else is controlling all the switches. They control every little minute detail in your life, everything. In perhaps the most infamous case of cult brainwashing, self-proclaimed guru Jim Jones brainwashed nearly all of his followers into committing suicide with the promise of salvation and paradise. I covered the story of Jonestown more in-depth in a very recent episode of Weird Darkness, I'll link to it in the show notes. Entire families lived in Jonestown. The cult's complex and the adult members not only willingly took their lives, but killed their children as well. 300 of the 909 people who died were children. Children who didn't voluntarily commit suicide were injected with cyanide. In the haunting Jonestown death tapes, leader Jim Jones can be heard telling his congregation this is a revolutionary suicide, this is not a self-destructive suicide. The fact that they believed him enough to take their own lives and those of their children is a sign of how much power Jones had over his entire congregation. Coming up, perhaps the most famous case of Stockholm syndrome in which individuals who are kidnapped or taken hostage form feelings of trust and affection for their captors is certainly the case of Patty Hearst. The granddaughter of former media mogul William Randolph Hearst, Patty was kidnapped in 1974 by the radical Symbianese Liberation Army.  Be cute with your newborn and get them a onesie that says I'm the ghost of Christmas present. All of these designs are available on any product, any size, like t-shirts, totes, sweatshirts, wall art, pillows, tapestries, notebooks, hoodies, buttons, magnets, tank tops, stickers, and more. And right now, they are all available at a discount just in time for some creepy Christmas shopping. Grab some holiday horrors for yourself and for the weirdos on your gift list at WeirdDarkness.com slash store. That's WeirdDarkness.com slash store. A beautiful California co-ed was kidnapped in 1974 and two months later she burst into a bank with a machine gun. In the eyes of America, Patty Hearst quickly went from a sympathetic victim to a criminal terrorist. But was she truly guilty? Patty Hearst's images showed her aiming a gun, barking orders in a bank robbery, and committing crimes next to domestic terrorists. But many argue that Patty Hearst suffered from the famous Stockholm syndrome. Patty Hearst was a wealthy heiress like Barbara Hutton, the original poor little rich girl, yet the jurors in Patty's trial didn't go easy on her, nor did they buy her claim that the radical leftists in the Symbianese Liberation Army forced her to commit crimes. And she definitely did commit a lot of crimes.  But when the FBI finally captured Patty Hearst, she only weighed 87 pounds, and she lost a shocking 18 IQ points in just 18 months. Patty Hearst isn't the only hostage who was brainwashed, and shockingly, what happened to Patty Hearst could have happened to just about anyone. Patty Hearst, heiress to the enormous Hearst Publishing Fortune, was violently kidnapped on February 4, 1974. The kidnappers knocked on her door around 9 o'clock before they burst in with guns drawn.   Patty Hearst's kidnapping became one of the biggest news stories of the 1970s. In the two years that followed, she appeared on the cover of Newsweek seven times, and Patty's kidnapping was only the beginning. Soon, her kidnappers were sending recorded messages to the media, demanding millions of dollars for her release. And the story only got stranger after April 15, 1974, when Patty Hearst burst into San Francisco's hibernia bank, wielding a machine gun. After she was dragged from her apartment and thrown into the trunk of a car, she was taken to a house where she was locked in a closet and left there for days. Her hands were bound. She was blindfolded. There was no light in the closet. For ten days, Patty barely ate. She had no place to urinate or defecate except in the closet, which was only three feet wide, and she didn't know anything about the people who had kidnapped her. For a week, no one talked to Patty, except for one man who would come in to record her for ransom messages. When her kidnappers finally let Patty out of the closet, they told her that she was going to rob a bank with them. Patty Hearst was the granddaughter of William Randolph Hearst. Hearst was a businessman who built a media empire at the end of the 19th century and then built an enormous castle on the California coast in the 20th century that he named after himself. Orson Welles' classic film, Citizen Kane, was based on Hearst's life. And it wasn't a coincidence that Patty shared the last name of one of America's richest businessmen. In fact, Patty was targeted by the SLA because she was a Hearst. The SLA hoped that the Hearst family wealth and power would convince the police to release two SLA members who had been arrested for killing Oakland's first black superintendent. But Patty's family was not as wealthy as her deceased grandfather. Her father took out a loan of $2 million to have his daughter released, but the SLA refused to let Patty go. While the FBI launched a massive search to find Patty Hearst, her kidnappers were whispering to Patty that her family had abandoned her. They told her that their organization, the Symbionese Liberation Army, or SLA, wanted to help the poor. They demanded that her family distribute $70 worth of food to every hungry Californian which would have cost $400 million. When Randolph Hearst, Patty's father, donated $2 million worth of food to impoverished people in the Bay Area, Patty only heard that her family had refused the demand. Suddenly, the terrified teenager started to wonder if the SLA was right about the capitalist state, but she also didn't have a choice. She had been kidnapped and her captors were ordering her to work with them or die. The leader of the SLA was a man named Donald DeFreeze, codenamed Chink. He'd been sent to prison in 1969 after robbing a bank. In 1973, DeFreeze escaped and founded the SLA. DeFreeze was the man who forced Patty to record ransom messages.  He also gave her SLA political tracts to read in her closet with a flashlight. And in April of 1974, DeFreeze told Patty that it was time to make a choice. Patty Hearst later said, DeFreeze told me that the war council had decided or was thinking about killing me or me staying with them and that I better start thinking about that as a possibility. Patty decided that she wanted to live, so she said, I accommodated my thoughts to coincide with theirs. She promised to fight for the SLA and they removed her blindfold and told her that she was an SLA member. The SLA released the next tape of Patty Hearst on April 3, 1974. In the recording, Patty announced that she had joined the SLA. She believed in their cause and she was going to fight for the freedom of oppressed people. In the tape, Patty said, I have been given the choice of one, being released in a safe area, or two, joining the forces of the Symbionnes Liberation Army and fighting for my freedom and the freedom of all oppressed people. I have chosen to stay and fight. Of course, the tape wasn't completely accurate. Patty later said the recording was scripted and she was forced to read it. And the choice wasn't between fighting or being released. Her only other option was death. Even after she taped the message, Patty was raped by members of the SLA. Still, in the minds of many Americans, Patty had gone from victim to terrorist and it was about to get worse. That's how Patty Hearst found herself in the Hibernia Bank holding a machine gun on April 15, 1974. The SLA needed money and they needed to show off their newest recruit, the high-profile heiress. In bank surveillance cameras, Hearst was shown clearly holding a rifle, during the robbery to freeze shot two people before successfully making off with more than $10,000. But was Patty guilty? In her autobiography, she wrote, I sensed that I had in fact crossed over some sharp line of demarcation. For me, suddenly it became plain. There was no turning back. And the U.S. Attorney General agreed. After the bank robbery, he said that Hearst was a common criminal. Suddenly she wasn't a victim. She was a criminal that the FBI wanted to apprehend by any means necessary. The FBI manhunt to rescue Patty Hearst quickly turned into a search for the SLA with Patty as its newest member. The SLA was classified as a domestic terrorist organization and their activities didn't stop with robbing the Hibernia Bank. A month after the robbery, on May 16, 1974, Patty Hearst was spotted again in Los Angeles. But she didn't look like a victim. She fired a gun on a crowded street outside of a sporting good store. Luckily, no one was injured. The next day, the LAPD surrounded a house where SLA members were hiding. The entire saga was aired on live television as the police fired into the house and the SLA returned fire. No one knew if Patty Hearst was inside. Then the building burst into flames, killing six SLA members. But Patty Hearst wasn't one of them. In fact, she was watching the fiery shootout from a motel near Disneyland. Patty Hearst spent the next year on the run from the FBI with other SLA members. After watching six SLA members die on TV, Patty was even more afraid. She had committed crimes with the SLA and the FBI had no idea if she was in a house when they opened fire, eventually killing everyone inside. Clearly, they weren't trying to rescue her anymore. In her autobiography, Patty wrote, I was convinced there was no way I would come out in the open now, without the police or the FBI gutting me down as they had the others. The American public had stopped seeing Patty as a victim. The day after she helped rob the Habernia Bank, the homeowner removed the God Bless You Patty sign from outside his house. Patty herself may have even wondered if she was innocent during those long months running from the FBI. And she may have been right. As soon as she was captured, she was put on trial for bank robbery. The FBI finally tracked down Patty Hearst on September 18, 1975, more than 18 months after she'd been kidnapped. She'd been on the run for over a year, trying to avoid capture. And she'd continued to commit crimes after the initial robbery of the Habernia Bank. Patty robbed two more banks. She fired shots on a street in Los Angeles. She helped the SLA set off bombs in Northern California. After the FBI captured her, Patty was arrested and charged with bank robberies and other crimes. By the following spring, she was defending herself in court in what was quickly becoming the trial of the century. But it still wasn't clear if anyone would believe that Patty was innocent. Patty's trial focused on a central question. Was she really a member of the SLA? Or had she only joined under duress? No one denied that Patty had been kidnapped in February of 1974. But by April of that year, images of Patty on grainy bank surveillance cameras were everywhere in the media. Patty was holding a gun. She was shouting orders. She was working with the same people who had kidnapped her. Patty's lawyer argued that she was brainwashed, that she was a victim of Stockholm syndrome. The head of UCLA's Psychiatry Department testified that Patty had been markedly damaged by the traumatic neurosis violently induced in her by the SLA. Or in simpler terms, Patty was a victim. She only committed crimes under the threat of death. And there was serious evidence that Patty had suffered. She had lost 18 IQ points. She weighed only 87 pounds. She was, according to an expert psychiatrist, a low IQ, low effect zombie. But the jury didn't believe Patty had been brainwashed. They saw her as a criminal, a committed member of the SLA. And the key piece of evidence in her trial was a tiny monkey charm that Patty was carrying when she was arrested by the FBI. One of Patty's captors was a man named Willie Wolfe. He was one of the men who raped Patty while she was being held in the closet. And according to other SLA members, Patty fell in love with Willie. He gave her the monkey charm before he was killed in the LAPD shootout in May of 1974. Patty kept the charm for over a year. Was it proof that she truly loved Willie? The jury believed it was. According to one juror, everyone's heart went out to her. How could you help it? We felt overwhelming sympathy for her. But as soon as the jury heard about the charm, everything changed. One female juror said, that was what changed my mind. I really saw how much she was lying. It just had to be lying through and through. In 1976, Patty Hearst was sentenced to 35 years in prison. Patty Hearst's case is the textbook definition of Stockholm syndrome, where hostages begin to identify with their captors, often in order to protect themselves. In a matter of weeks, Patty went from being a normal college student to a captive locked in a closet where she was raped and beaten to a gun-wielding bank robber. Today, the shift in Patty's behavior is understood as a response to psychological torment. But at the time, Stockholm syndrome was relatively new. It had only been identified in 1973, and the defense failed to convince the jury at Patty's trial. To those on her side, Patty's conviction for bank robbery was simply another way she was victimized by society. The SLA was certainly guilty, but the FBI, the jurors, and the American public were all quick to see Patty as a common criminal, rather than a teenage girl trying to survive a terrifying ordeal. In 1979, President Jimmy Carter commuted Patty's sentence, freeing her after 22 months in jail, and President Bill Clinton pardoned Hearst on his last day in office. After such a bizarre and unfathomable couple of years, it's understandable Patty would want to retire from the public eye and try to live something of a normal life. As normal a life as a multi-million dollar heiress could have, anyway. Two months after her release from prison, she married Bernard Lee Shaw, a policeman who had protected her during her time on bail, and they remained married until his death in 2013. Together they had two daughters, Jillian and Lydia, the latter of whom married actor Chris Hardwick in 2016. Patty released her memoir Every Secret Thing in 1981. It also appeared in a number of films made by director John Waters, including Serial Mom, Cry Baby, Peckers, and Cecil B. Demented. Nowadays, Patty often occupies her time with dog-related activities, having competed in a number of dog shows where she has taken home top prize more than once. If you like the podcast, please tell someone about it. Recommend Weird Darkness to your friends, family, and co-workers who love the paranormal, horror stories, or a true crime like you do. Every time you share the podcast with someone new, it helps spread the word about the show, and a growing audience makes it possible for me to keep doing the podcast. Plus, telling others about Weird Darkness also helps get the word out about resources that are available for those who suffer from depression, so please share the podcast with someone today. Be sure to join me for a new episode every Sunday at my other podcast, The Church of the Undead, also found at WeirdDarkness.com. Do you have a dark tale to tell of your own? Fact or fiction, click on Tell Your Story on the website and I might use it in a future episode. All stories in Weird Darkness are purported to be true unless stated otherwise, and you can find source links or links to the authors in the show notes. The first U.S. kidnapping for ransom and true stories of abduction were both written by Amanda Sedlack-Hevner. True Cases of Stockholm Syndrome was written by Jonathan Sherman. The brainwashing of Patty Hearst was written by Genevieve Carleton. They outsmarted their kidnappers was written by Christina Sansa. And the fictional story that I began the podcast with, the kidnap, was written by Rahesh K. Weird Darkness theme by Alibi Music. Now that we are coming out of the dark, I will leave you with a little light. Galatians 5 verses 22 and 23. But the fruit of the spirit is love, joy, peace, forbearance, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things, there is no law. And a final thought from Earl Nightingale. Never give up on a dream just because of the time it will take to accomplish it. The time will pass anyway. I'm Darren Marlar. Thanks for joining me in the Weird Darkness.


In this video, we're going to be discussing myocardial action potentials. Now, you might be familiar with skeletal muscle action potentials, and even though myocytes are a type of muscle tissue, they have their own unique types of action potentials that make them uniquely suited for the heart. For example, these action potentials occur in five different phases, as opposed to only three in skeletal muscle. These are the kind of potentials that are going to cause the atria and ventricles of the heart to contract in a synchronized manner. There's a unique type of action potential that occurs in the SA and AV nodes of the heart, and we'll discuss those in a separate video on pacemaker potentials. And action potentials spread from myocyte to myocyte by gap junctions. Gap junctions are pores in between the myocytes that allow ions like sodium to flow from cell to cell directly without leaving the membrane. This is important in the heart because it allows for a synchronized contraction, as opposed to skeletal muscle in which muscle fibers are activated and contract individually. If you take a look on the right here, you can see some cardiac tissue under a microscope. You know it's cardiac tissue because the muscle fibers have this nice branching pattern. You can see that there's some staining here, and the staining in this case is for some proteins that make up gap junctions, and you can see that they're present on both ends of the myocyte, and they allow sodium and other ions to flow between the cells. Now let's discuss the five phases of the myocyte action potential. By convention, we call the first phase phase zero or the rapid upstroke. I keep in mind that myocytes have a negative resting potential as illustrated in this diagram here. During the rapid upstroke, there's an opening of the voltage-gated sodium channels in response to a stimulus, causing sodium to enter the cell, and as you can see in the diagram, this causes the potential of the cell to rapidly become more positive, reaching a positive peak at this point. This is when we start to experience phase one or the initial repolarization. This is a phase that's unique to myocardial action potentials, and it involves the closing of those voltage-gated sodium channels in the opening of voltage-gated potassium channels. At this point, potassium will begin to exit the cell, making the potential slightly more negative as you see here. This is when we start to experience phase two, another phase that's unique to myocardial action potentials, and we call this the plateau. During the plateau phase, those potassium channels will remain open, keeping potassium exiting the cell. At this point, calcium channels will also open, allowing calcium to enter the cell. The entrance of calcium will balance out the exit of potassium, causing a plateau in the potential, as you can see in the diagram here. This is an example of calcium-induced calcium release, in which the release of calcium initiates a positive feedback loop, causing the release of more calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. This plateau phase is very important and unique to the myocardial action potential, and it corresponds with diastole, and causes a delay that allows for the ventricles to get filled effectively. This is when we move on to phase three, or repolarization. During the repolarization phase, those calcium channels close, while the potassium channels remain open. At this point, potassium will continue to exit, causing a repolarization, and the potential will become more negative, as you see in the diagram here. Finally, we reach phase four, which is the return to resting potential. At this point, the potassium channels close, and we're ready for a new action potential to start. Now let's take a moment to touch on the concept of a refractory period. You can see the refractory period labeled in the diagram here, and it represents the time between this rapid upstroke, or the initiation of the action potential, and the next possible time that another action potential could be initiated. And this is important, especially in cardiac physiology, because it ensures that a second action potential does not start before the first one has ended, because that could interrupt the rhythm of the heart. We can further divide the refractory period into an absolute segment and a relative segment. During the absolute refractory period, no matter how large a second stimulus is that comes along, a second action potential cannot be kicked off, whereas during the relative refractory period, if a larger than normal stimulus were to come along, it is possible to initiate a second action potential. But as you can see in the diagram, the relative refractory period is quite short, and it's close to the myocytes resting potential.


Remember a hallmark card when you care enough to send the very best. Tonight from Hollywood the makers of hallmark greeting cards bring you Mr. Jack Benny and Stephen Lee Cox my financial career on the Hallmark Playhouse. Each week Hallmark will bring you Hollywood's greatest stars in outstanding stories chosen by one of the world's best known authors, Mr. James Hilton. For a Christmas greeting your friends will long remember make your selections now from the complete hallmark collection on display at the friendly store where you buy hallmark cards. Whatever your taste, whatever your budget, you'll take special pride in sending hallmark cards.  And now it is Hallmark's pleasure to present the distinguished novelist Mr. James Hilton. Good evening ladies and gentlemen this is James Hilton. Tonight the Hallmark Playhouse presents the dramatization of a short story by Stephen Lee Cox entitled My Financial Career. Since this story concerns a man and a bank and the insertion of the man's funds therein too, we of the Hallmark Playhouse felt that the role of the man should be portrayed by an actor with a thorough knowledge of banking and a deep love and a great respect for all matters monetary. In casting about for such a personality one name kept cropping up and that name was Jack Benny. Accordingly we opened negotiations with Mr. Benny and after three days in a hotel room we managed to conclude a financial arrangement which satisfied him and still left a few pennies for the hallmark people. Our staff of attorneys and economic consultants unanimously agreed that it was the most difficult and complicated transaction since 1803. When Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana Territory from France. In view of Mr. Benny's long and familiar association with banking institutions and his easy insouciance in dealing with them, it is paradoxical that in our play tonight he portrays a character who suffers from an overwhelming dread of banks and bankers. This is perhaps the most challenging role in Mr. Benny's career and should provide the severest test of his histrionic ability. And now without further preamble we present Mr. Jack Benny as Rodney Beamish in our very free adaptation of Stephen Leacock's My Financial Career. I have three children, a son 26, a daughter 12 and a little boy just six months old. I don't believe in rushing things. In dress I'm conservative. I always wear a black frock coat, a derby hat and a ride to work every day on a bicycle. For the past 19 years I have been employed as a troubleshooter in the zipper department of the Eagle Clothes Company. My wife and I and our three children share a large, airy, comfortable room in a modern, attractive garage. I mention all these things to show that I'm a normal, average citizen. Yet I was singled out by fate to bear an awful burden. All my life I have been a slave to one terrible morbid obsession. I am possessed with an overpowering, craven dread of bank. My knees turn to water and I sort of float the rest of the way. For the past 19 years I have been saving my money a little each month. Until now I had a mass too large to sum to keep in the house. $56. So fighting against an unreasoning fear, I started out for the bank, holding the money clutched in a crumpled ball in my pocket. When I neared the doors of the Security First National, my nerve evoked. I stopped on my tracks, unable to take another step. The doorman looked at me suspiciously. And after a couple of hours he walked over to me. Hey, mister, we don't allow loathing in front of the bank. What? You've been hanging around for two hours. Well, I plan on going in. You ain't the impulsive type, are you? No, no, it's just that... Well, I guess I'm just plain frightened. What's the matter, bud? You overdrawn? No, no, it's a psychosis. Psycho? Coses. It's Freudian. Do you know Freud? Not by name, but if he's the depositor, I know his face. No, you don't understand. It's a complex. I'm afraid of banks. I've always been afraid of them. Well, maybe something happened a long time ago that scared you. Did you ever lose money in a bank? I never lost money anywhere. Something did happen to me a long time ago. Before I was married, I was going with a girl named Alexis Lujak. She was a chocolate dipper in a candy factory.  His name was Bull Jensen and he was sort of a local tough. Bull was handy with his fists, but that meant nothing to me. I just put on my glasses and sat down.  Oh, hello, Bull. I've got a date with Alexis.  Bull, cut it out, will you? Let go of my wrist. You're hurting me. Let go. Why don't you make me? I'm not going to tell you my secrets. I didn't tell you, but Bull Jensen's father worked in a bank. Ah, it's still... still don't make sense. Now come on, come on, walk right in. I'll help you. You see? Why? There's nothing to it. I throw constricted. My whole body quivered in the grip. I staggered over to one of the windows. The teller looked at my haggard face as if to say, What's the matter, sir? Is there anything wrong? And then he said... What's the matter, sir? Is there anything wrong? I explained to the teller that banks rattled me. He was an intelligent chap and tried to help. If you'll pardon me for saying so, sir, I'd venture that your trouble can be traced to some psychological upheaval in the past. Now that's what I keep telling myself, but I just won't listen. Try to think back, sir. Is there any incident you remember that would have some bearing on this neurosis? No, no, nothing. But wait. Yes, I do remember. An incident that happened many years ago when I was in college. How the girls used to flock around me when I played my mandolin. Oh, I was handsome in those days. My chested hair was naturally wavy. And sometimes an unruly curl would slip down and nestle against my forehead. I had flashing white teeth. And when I smiled, two dimples would hold my mouth in parenthesis. Our football team was playing State U in the biggest game of the year. And we were losing 76 to nothing with only two minutes left in the game. It was beginning to look bad for our side. But the coach had been saving me for just such an emergency. Beamish! Beamish! Yes, coach. Go in that quarter. There was a roar from the crowd as I put on my helmet, whipped off my blanket, and ran out on the field. I looked down and realized I had left my pants in the locker room. The coach rushed out another pair and we went into a huddle. It was a tense moment, but they fit. The crowd roared, hitting a stone wall. I found out later they were wearing concrete jerseys. Everything went black, and when I woke up I was in the hospital. My head was so swollen it was two years after I graduated, before I could take off my helmet. Well, that was unfortunate, Mr. Beamish. But what has it got to do with you being afraid of banks? Our team lost the game. I failed when they were banking on me. But that's not reasonable. Now why don't you pull yourself together and state your business? I... I want to open an account. There. You said it. Now wasn't that easy? Just step over to that desk and ask for our cashier, Mr. Williams. I turned and started to walk across the floor. And then once more my strength seemed to melt. With that nameless dread and relentless creeping fear, I felt myself stinking, sinking into the bottom of the skin. And my brain exploded into a thousand colors. Brown, orange, green. And that certain shade of blue that was so becoming to me. And then the bottom fell out of the world. And I crashed down into the black abyss of oblivion. In a moment James Hilton will return to present the second act of my financial career, starring Jack Benny. But first, wouldn't you like to send Christmas cards this year so unusual, so beautiful, that your friends will show them to all who visit them during the holiday season? Then visit the friendly store where you buy Hallmark cards. See his collection of Hallmark personal Christmas cards. And see how true it is that whatever your taste, whatever your budget, there's a Hallmark card that you'll be proud to send. You'll be fascinated by albums of Christmas cards illustrated by famous gallery artists. Cards rich with the feel of silk and tapestry. And the cards for men with hunting scenes that set any man to dreaming. But tonight I'd like to tell you especially about the Hallmark blue book. For on every page of this beautiful album is a Hallmark card that's a heartwarming reflection of the Christmas spirit. You'll see a jolly Santa Claus.  Reindeer poised for flight. Evergreen so fresh you can almost smell their fragrance. The sparkling snow of a white Christmas. Yes, they're all here. All these and many more of the well-beloved Christmas symbols. In Hallmark personal card that you'll be proud to send. Card your friends will be proud to receive. For when they see the Hallmark on the back, they'll know you cared enough to send the very best. Here again is James Hilton. As we begin the second act of my financial career with Jack Benny as Rodney Beamish, we return you to the hard stone floor of the security first national bank upon which Rodney has just collapsed. The mysterious hysteria that ceases him whenever he enters a bank still holds him in merciful unconsciousness. But now he's beginning to stir. I held myself floating in a gentle sea and soft waves were splashing over my face. And then I realized that it wasn't a sea. I was lying on the floor in the bank. I had fainted and they were trying to revive me by throwing water in my face. I'm terribly sorry, Mr. Beamish. But we didn't have any water handy so we had to use ink. I looked down and saw that my white shirt was now a blue polka dot. I offered to pay for the ink, but they gave me some blotter so I could dry myself. The teller was very kind. He tried to soothe me. We chatted for about 15 minutes and then he helped me up off the floor.  I walked over to Mr. Williams, still shaking from my experience. He greeted me cordially. Well, well, are we feeling better now? We?  I apologized to Mr. Williams and explained my phobia. He was very understanding. My dear Mr. Beamish, this obsession of yours about banks is merely a quirk, a twist of mind. Probably incurred through some incident in the past. Perhaps as a youth you had some trouble concerning a bank. No, no, not in my youth. But wait a minute. Yes, I do remember an incident in the past. When I was 37 years old, I ran away from home. I made my way to San Francisco and found myself in a waterfront dive.  They fascinated me with their lusty manners and their salty talk. Oh, hey, matey. Mind if an old sailor drops anchor alongside? I looked up and saw a typical old seamen standing at the bar next to me.  I wanted to think I was a landlubber so I cried it out. I said, shiver me timbers and ask him if he'd ever been around the horn. Captain Hook's my name. I've sailed the seven seas for 40 years, man and boy, and neither of us ever regretted it. I stood there and listened to him spin his briney yawns. He was the skipper of the Nancy Bee, a trim little steamer out of Seattle by War Admiral. Pay the check. We both reached for our money. And it was then I unbeat him. He didn't have any. When he came over me, my leg started to buckle. I tried to unbuckle him, but it was too late. I sensed that I had been drugged. And I knew I was being Shanghai. Two stockers were stripped to the waist. Or is it Stoker's? Yes, it's Stoker's. Anyway, one of them kicked me in the head. Hi, matey. Briggs is my name. I'm pleased to meet you, Mr. Briggs. He stuck a shovel in my hand and pointed to the blazing furnace. Faded. I flung a shovel full of coal into the fiery pit. And a tongue of flame shot out and licked my hand gratefully. Then the hatch opened and Captain Hook came in. No longer was he the kindly old tar I had met in the waterfront saloon. Now he was a... Just curvy, skulking swine. Lift that shovel. Totaly six hours a day. Twenty-six hours a day. I thought it was impossible. But he came down later and made me step my watch back two hours. Hated to make this trip. I've been away for so long. First I had to go to Paris. And then Egypt. Rio and Australia. And then when I get back, I'll have to go to Honolulu. But why do you keep doing it if you don't like it? I can't help it. You see, two years ago, I hit the giant jackpot on a quiz show. And I've been traveling ever since. I felt a strong bond between this girl and myself. Fade had played a cruel trick on both of them. For this one fleeting moment, we were free and the moon was beautiful. She leaned toward me and I reached out to unfold her, when suddenly Captain Hook was there ahead of me. He kissed her. And then with a twinkle in his eye, he turned to me and said, Yes, skulking swine.  As he dragged me away by the gullet. Why should that make you afraid of banks? Oh, I neglected to tell you. Captain Hook had me flogged, because I had forgotten to bank the fire. Why don't you just forget all that and tell me how much you would like to deposit? Well, first I want to see the president. I don't know why I sit alone. But Mr. Williams is not a... I'm the president. I'm pleased to meet you, Mr. Truman. Step this way, please. We'll be safe from interruption here.  Don't surprise and ask me what I wanted of him. What do you want of me? I want of you to open an account. I intend of you to keep all my money in this bank. Of you. Please sit down, Mr. Beamish. Will you have a cigarette? Thanks. Hmm, lucky strikes. Ah, yes. First again with bankers, too. Mr. Beamish, you say you're going to keep all your money in this bank? Yes, all of it. Well, that's wonderful. Uh, exactly how much cash do you propose to deposit, Mr. Beamish? Fifty-six dollars. Fifty-six dollars? Mr. Williams. Yes, sir? This gentleman is opening an account. He took the money, made me write the sum on a slip and sign my name in a book. Miserably, I realize that. You're withdrawing all your money from the bank? Every cent. How will you have it? What? I said, how will you have the fifty-six dollars? In fifties. This is a fifty-dollar bill. Now, how do you want the six? In sixes. Thought to escape from this fragments of my life flashed in front of my eyes in a crazy unrelated pattern. She was dipping Captain Hook... Well, how far? Well, thank you, Mr. Hilton. I enjoyed it myself, even though Hallmark is a competitor of mine. You know, I carry a line of Christmas cards, too. You know, actually, Mr. Benny, Hallmark has no competitors. You see, we use the most famous artists, the best engraving, and only the finest grades of paper for our cards. Well, mine aren't quite that elaborate. I use the cardboard that comes back from the laundry in my shirts. And this time of year, there are a lot of Christmas advertising in the magazines and beautiful pictures. I clip them out and paste them on cardboards. They make lovely cards. I happen to have one right here with me if you'd care to look at it. Here is one. Here it is. Thank you. Hmm. Merry Christmas and have a new year from two lovely ladies. Which twin has the Tony? Isn't that a beautiful sentiment? Well, it's very expressive. I just have a couple of dozen left at 50 cents a piece. Hallmark puts out a very fine card for as little as 5 cents. 5 cents? Well, no wonder things have been so slow with me. Say, do you suppose I could carry the Hallmark line at the wholesale distributors' price, I mean? Well, Hallmark cards are sold only in carefully selected retail stores. Do you have a retail store? No. No, but I have a beautiful suitcase with a connection with the police department. I've got one of the best corners in Beverly Hills, you know? Well, drop in and we'll discuss it. Good night, Jack. Good night, Mr. Chips. I mean Mr. Hilton. Gee, with Hallmark cards, I can double my business. Wait till I tell Mary about this. Goodbye, Jack Benet. And thanks again for the delightful nonsense. Next week on the Hallmark Playhouse, we will present Rose Wilder Lane's Free Land, starring Martha Scott. And on succeeding weeks, we will bring you Victor Moore, Ida Lupino, and the finest stars in Hollywood. So make Thursday night your Hallmark Playhouse night. Until next Thursday then, this is James Hilton saying good night. That home of your own, education for your children, leisure time, all these can be part of your future if you invest in United States savings bonds now. The sure way to save is the automatic way through the payroll savings plan where you work or the bond a month plan where you bank. Protect your future with United States savings bonds. Tonight's story was adapted for radio by Hugh Wedlock and Howard Snyder with music composed and conducted by Lynn Murray. Our director producer is D. Engelback. Look for Hallmark cards that are so lonely in stores that have been carefully selected to give you expert and friendly service. Remember Hallmark cards when you carry enough to send the very best. This is Frank Goss saying good night to you all until next week at the same time, when James Hilton returns to present Rose Wilder Lane's Free Land, starring Martha Scott. This program came to you from the Hallmark Playhouse in the United States.