Again welcome to old courthouse square and our Unification celebration and party and festival on this beautiful Saturday right here in Santa Rosa, California There are a lot of people from out of town who've never been to Santa Rosa before can you believe it? Yeah, they're gonna be looking in the real estate ads real soon here because this is the place to live and when we have places Like this to enjoy it just gets better and better It's an honor to have Dignitaries that are with us today that I'd like to have come up on the stage right now As a matter of fact to join me the city council if you can make your way up to the stage right now If gay labyrinth could also make her way up through the stage as well and while they're working their way up It's my privilege to introduce to you The current mayor of Santa Rosa You've known him for over his work with the press demograph for years and years enjoyed his columns forever And now he's our mayor. Here's the honorable Chris Corsi Welcome everybody What a day We've got sunshine. We've got blue skies, and we have a brand new Indivisible courthouse square So thank you all for coming down here to celebrate this momentous occasion And thank you for helping This reunited square become a reality I say thanks to all of you because I want to make sure right up front that we give Credit where credit is due and credit for this project doesn't belong to any one city council It doesn't belong to any one person. It doesn't belong to any single vision or Campaign or effort This has been a community effort For a quarter of a century and it needs to be recognized as a community accomplishment So right now everyone give yourselves a nice pat on the back for a job. Well done Now before we get too comfortable with our accomplishment, we need to recognize that we're not done yet Still to come are the Asawa fountain the That will be reconstructed with the original panels that were created by artists in the community and the famous sculptor Ruth Asawa that fountain will go right here also for beautiful Artfully designed and multifunctional light columns will go on the four corners of the lawn out here where the balloons are Those are being fabricated right now and will be in soon Eventually, there'll be a public art piece at the end of Mendocino Avenue or the beginning of Mendocino Avenue depending on your point of view So there's more to come But let's celebrate what's here today I'd like to start by calling out a few individuals in Organizations that have or groups of people whether they were organized or not is questionable But I'm going to start with the city council. We have the whole council with us today vice mayor Jack Tibbets Councilman Chris Rogers Councilwoman Julie Combs Councilman John Sawyer Councilman Ernesto Oliveris And councilman Tom Schwedhelm So I know we have other Elected officials in the crowd and former elected officials in the crowd I'm not going to try and name each of you, but please stand up if you're not standing up already and wave Thank you all for being here Besides our four former electeds and former council members. We have Our Present and former members of boards and commissions in this city that have worked so hard for this project for so long Please give a wave or stand up, please. I also want to recognize The many many people who have participated in community efforts to reunite this square and revitalize our downtown Including the latest iteration the coalition to restore courthouse square. Welcome to all of you, too I want us all to thank our city staff who have worked tirelessly and very hard on this project despite a Few setbacks over the past year But city staff, thank you for your work and thank you for being here today The consultants and contractors who designed and built this square Thank you Just to make sure I haven't missed anybody. I wanted want to make sure Anyone who's ever had anything to do with this project including being a taxpayer Or showing up here today Another round of applause for all of you Let's let's also acknowledge the wonderful music that we've heard from the brass quintet of the Santa Rosa Symphony The symphony is celebrating its 89th birthday today. So wish them a happy birthday as well and Ted Williams who introduced us and who provided some music accompanying our gathering here today from KZST radio Alright We're down to one last introduction to go I'm proud to call Gayla Barron my friend and also my mentor We were colleagues for a lot of years at the press democrat She taught me that in order to be a complete journalist somebody who chronicles the day-to-day Goings on of a present-day community. You also need to know and understand the history of that community If you've read the newspaper for the past 60 years or so you've probably learned from gay, too You've learned a lot about courthouse square because she's written about this space many many times We're lucky to have gay here today To talk about some of that history and to talk about why this space was created Please welcome Santa Rosa's own gay. La baron. It is absolutely great to see such a huge positive turnout Those of us who have listened to the naysayers for a long time are enjoying this enormously You know the last time I stood here to speak in the square or in half of it It was five o'clock in the morning on the anniversary of the oh six earthquake and this is not nearly as chilly And and the future of this particular spot also appears to be a sunnier than it was that day The PD headline last Sunday on Kevin McCollum's Ultra-complete history of our town center talked of its past as a remarkable journey And that's exactly the right adjectives. You know, I'm not a historian. I'm always quick to say that I'm not a social scientist I'm a storyteller and the back stories, which is a term that I use a lot are Remarkable in all kinds of ways Because now I'm here at at Chris Corsi's invitation to lay a foundation for stories of the plaz's past He's asked me to talk about Julio Carrillo specifically Julio who inherited the land and he had a vision of what it should be Julio's story was one of those In many ways good news bad news sockets that our history books are filled with The good news is that he has long been regarded as Santa Rosa's first citizen It was Julio after all who dug a pit in his front yard and provided the steer to be barbecued at the party For everybody in Sonoma County when Santa Rosa was promoting the county seat, which was then in Sonoma And he was the one who filed the 1854 plat map that made this an official town The party and the town at that time may not have been Julio's idea entirely There were a couple of enterprising newcomers named Hohen and Haman involved But it was definitely Julio who insisted that whatever came out of it all There should be a plaza writes back in the midst of things a space in the proper Spanish tradition with a fountain and benches and music and a place to quote Promenade on summer Saturday evenings as he said and that's where we are and that's good news Julio was 12 just 12 years old when his widowed mother Maria Carrillo and eight of his 11 brothers and sisters Came up here from San Diego in one of those bumpy creaky square wheeled Caritas Accompanied by a string of pack mules and he grew up here working on on Around his family's ranch. Oh making adobe bricks with his brothers To build a house the ruins of which as you may well know still stand Beside the creek a little more than a mile upstream from here He was an impressionable young man when the first Americans arrived and the sudden departures from old Spanish, California The way of doing things took him by surprise in the summer of 1846 after the bear flag revolt and the start of the Mexican war his sister Francisco sent him on a family errand to Suddus Fort in Sacramento Valley to check on the welfare of her husband the very Important Mariano Vallejo who had been taken there as a prisoner by the upstart Americans who were the bear flaggers When he arrived to make polite inquiries he was taken prisoner, too And he wasn't released until the general was more than a month later And then when the Americans took over establishing a justice court in Sonoma Julio Had the dubious distinction of being one of the first if not the first case on the court docket It was a misunderstanding of course or probably more aptly a culture shift Because you see the little Mexican cattle that roamed around this area disregarding boundaries We're raised for their hides and the tallow that was stuck to the hide Hides and those were a staple of Mexican commerce and it was okay under early California law To kill a cow or steer and use it for meat So long as you left the hide with the brand showing on a trail where it could be found by the owners The only requirement was that you left it out in the open Julio did just that and he took the beef to be made into stew or something and under the new American law He was arrested for cattle rustling Now it was early 1850s and Julio's mother had died and he had inherited a Substantial portion of her land Everything really downstream from the adobe There was there were more eager Entrepreneurs drawn West by gold who were arriving here every day including Barney Hohen and Ted Hohman Who had rented the career adobe for a trading post and they offered Julio a deal They would buy a chunk of his downstream land hire a surveyor to lay out a proper town and Julio would file the official map for the town of Santa Rosa and they would maneuver the necessary Politics to take the county seat away from the Pueblo of Sonoma In keeping with Julio's notion of a proper town center It was agreed that the center of this map would be an open square They may have had in mind something like a European plots or a Piazza, but Julio who was in the driver's seat at this point Preferred to call it a plaza So the deal was made and he joined in with pleasure and the land was left open as buildings rose up on the sides and Julio filed that map and the following year the first county fair was held here in this plaza and Crowds gathered to admire the agricultural exhibits and to picnic and to stay for music and dancing And it must have been a really great day for Julio But Julio didn't have a lot of great days after that He was his descendants wrote of him in the 1850s and said his mother had the the business ability He sold lots in the center of town for two dollars or a bag of beans And he gave a lot to weigh to churches and schools to the Masonic Lodge that built a lodge over there And Julio was a gambler and there are indications that he was taken advantage of every chance that people had His broodmare, which he was very proud of had won first place at that first county fair And he loved racing fast horses and betting heavily on their speed and apparently he lost more than he won He had married young he had a big family and within 15 years his wife Theodosia Was making and selling tamales to keep the family fed and then in 1868 which is the same year that Santa Rosa became an official city by the way That's what we'll be celebrating 150 years of next year a merchant refused to credit him for us Give him credit for a sack of flour and so Julio went out and he sold his half of the plaza That he and Hoenn had given to the people of the county forever And the buyer was a triumphant Yankee named Wesley Woods who was foaming his nose at Santa Rosa's Confederate majority and saying I got you now and he built a shaggy little house right about over there I would guess and he announced to the world that it was his new home The citizenry was furious they were puzzled and furious because this was the people's land It was no longer Julio's to sell The sheriff brought deputies to toss out the squatter and tear down the shack and there was a whole plaza again And there were ongoing lawsuits that were settled just in time For the county to build a new courthouse to replace the one in Santa Rosa Which was over there where the exchange bank is now Julio grew older and poorer Undoubtedly was not pleased but the wide granite steps and the expense of lawn in front meant that while it was no longer Referred to as just a plaza, but rather as courthouse square It was still the county's central gathering place And they gave him a lifetime job a Cinecure, I think you call it Lighting the lamps around the square and being doing janitorial work in the courthouse that they had built on the land that he had given And wouldn't you know that when he died in 1889 his funeral was the largest that the town had ever seen The Masonic Lodge the native sons the fire department the congressman the sheriff the county clerk and 14 carriages of family and mourners followed the hearse up 4th Street to McDonald And out to the rural cemetery Businesses closed and owners and clerks stood out in front saluting as his procession went past and his brother-in-law Mariano Vallejo spoke at great side a county historical society publication in the 1950s summed up Julio's starcross life as that of one who Quote would have been a very rich man, but for his innate naivety and his grandiose Spanish generosity Well, we are in in the in the we are part of of his The benefits of his generosity here in the square today, and it's a different light that we shine on the past We might call him a victim of change and perhaps of man's inhumanity to others that too often comes with change This square would be a metaphor for change Since the long and often hostile arguments began over what to do here I've thought a lot about all the things that have happened in or to Julio's plaza For now, I hope I hope we have torn down the squatters shacks Metaphorically speaking of course and restored some old-world Tranquility, let's hold that thought. Thank you very much. Well, here we are in Julio's Square I have a feeling he might be out there somewhere with with us, too We're in the heart of the city the city's living room this place This space has been called those things, but I like to think of it more as a kitchen Because the kitchen is where people gather it's a place where people go to work in a piece place where people to go to enjoy It's a place for pleasure.  It's the most functional room in the house That's my vision for this space a place for us all to celebrate For us to have serious discussions a place to relax to work and to play Courthouse Square has always been and always should be a civic space in a community space It has always been and always should be the first place that Santa Rosa's Santa Rosin's Think of when we need to come together As you know City leaders have been talking about how to recreate this space for more than two decades All of that talk and all of the studies that have been done All of the work that all of that work brings us here today All of it counts and contributes to this moment And all of it deserves our recognition But this city council didn't spend 10 million dollars on this space just to build a better kitchen We've invested 10 million dollars here to benefit all of santa rosa From the downtown to roseland from apple valley to bennett valley from south park to oakmont And how does that work? Well, take a look around you Ask yourself the question With the old at&t building Be transformed into what you see over there today If the the reunification of the square hadn't been in the works With the empire building Be under redevelopment as a boutique hotel If the square remained as it had been for the last 50 years And don't just ask yourself those questions Ask the developer of those two projects. Hugh. Hugh. Hugh futrell. That was that was a Freudian slip Hugh cotton Hugh's standing right over there behind my family. So You can ask him yourself And these are just two examples of the transformative power of this space You can see construction and remodeling going on all around the square up and down 4th street City staff is constantly fielding questions from prospective developers who are interested in properties Throughout the core of our downtown Once they come into fruition These commercial projects and mixed use housing developments will energize and revitalize the entire downtown Add that add to that the jobs and the tax revenues that they generate And you can begin to understand that this square is just the first domino in a chain of events That has positive impact throughout the city Including being able to help the homeless who some of our friends want to talk about as i'm speaking That's what this investment is about helping the whole city. It's not just about the square. It's not just about downtown But this square is only a square without people In this space should never be static Starting right now with this event It's a space that will be a constant place of activity A place for music and sports a place for commerce and conversation and community This afternoon As the festival goes on will be joined by activists in the in the mayday march who are marching here from roseland on wednesday evening The first downtown market of the summer season will kick off right here In two weeks from today Hundreds of triathletes and thousands of their fans will gather here for the inaugural Run of the iron man triathlon But i want to urge everyone not to wait for an event To use your new courthouse square This space should be put to use by the community as part of our everyday routine We should stroll here Meet here for coffee or lunch Hang out in the square. I was so happy to see all over social media yesterday when the fences came down This place is like a magnet people automatically knew to come here and use it And as someone who's worked downtown for almost 37 years, I've always enjoyed spending time in the square I plan to continue to do that both formally and informally in the in the future Starting Monday I'm going to be here every first and third Monday of the week for lunch And I invite all of you any of you to come and join me We can talk about the square. We can talk about the city. We could just enjoy a nice day So please come and come and have lunch with me, but bring your own lunch Okay We're close to being done up here and in a few minutes We're going to go and cut the ribbon over on the lawn over there But before we go I want to do one more round of thank yous and recognize two groups of people who've been instrumental in getting this job done First I want to say thank you to all of you who have a business downtown It's hard to run a business and it's even harder when for a year you have a major construction project going on in your front yard So thank all of you for putting up with this Thank you for surviving it And by the way, you're welcome for all the good things that are going to come from this in the future Lastly, I want to thank the people of santa rosa This is your day to celebrate a valuable new asset in our city In these days of smaller government and tighter budgets We don't see a lot of big beautiful public projects get done It's not an easy thing for a community to do But here we are we've done it You've done it This is a place for every person to enjoy So please enjoy it Celebrate our new courthouse square And give yourselves one more big round of applause Thank you


A very good evening aspirants, welcome to the Hindu news analysis brought to you by Shankar Iyer's Academy for the day 18th of November 2021. So these are the list of news articles that we have chosen for today's discussion and they are provided along with the page numbers of different editions and also the link for the handwritten notes in PDF format and the time stamping of the discussed articles is given below. So without wasting much time, come let us get into our discussion. Now let us take up this news article. It reports about a leak in the pipeline which carries fly hash and as per the news article here, due to the leak that has happened, the fly hash is found to make its way into the Koses Talayar. See this Koses Talayar is one of the three rivers that flow in the Chennai metropolitan area. So this is the news here. Now based on this context, let us quickly learn some important facts about the fly hash based on which this particular news article is written. See we all know that coal is the dominating fuel source which is used in the thermal power plants where it comes to the generation of electricity. So at these coal fired thermal power plants, what happens is the raw coal will first be crushed to the shape of flour and only then it is force fed into the furnace and this crushing process is referred to as a pulverization process. So what happens is during this process the clay particles which are entrapped in the cracks of coal, they get separated from the coal and then on the combustion of coal in the furnace, these clay particles along with other non-combustible matter, they will result in the production of coal ash and this coal ash which is produced at the coal fired thermal power plants is generally classified into two types and they are the fly ash and the bottom ash. So to put it simply, the fly ash is nothing but a byproduct that is gained from the burning of coal in the electric power generating plants. See this fly ash is the finest of coal ash particles and it is termed as fly ash because it is transported from the combustion chamber by exhaust gases and it is generally captured from the flue gases using electrostatic precipitators. Know that there is no standard properties of fly ash in the sense the properties of fly ash they generally vary based on the coal composition and also the plant operating conditions. But however, fly ash is generally light tannin color and it mostly consists of silt-sized particles which are spherical. See this fly ash is typically finer than the Portland cement and lime and just have in mind that it contains a substantial amount of the following chemical compounds which includes silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, titanium and then magnesium oxide, sulphur trioxide and phosphorus pentoxide and generally this fly ash is used in concrete and cement products and also as a road base and then in oil stabilizer in clean fill and also as a filler in asphalt, metal recovery and mineral filler. See one important thing that you should know is that fly ash is composed of tiny airborne particles and it is thus considered to be a type of particulate matter or particle pollution. So this fly ash is a pollutant and it contains acidic, toxic as well as radioactive matter. So therefore a significant exposure to this fly ash and other components of coal ash is set to increase a person's risk of developing diseases like cancer and other respiratory diseases and then the inhalation or the ingestion of the toxins in fly ash they are found to have impacts on our human nervous system thereby causing cognitive defects and developmental delays as well as behavioral problems and it is also set to increase a person's chance of developing lung disease, kidney disease and also gastrointestinal illness. So when this ash is disposed of in dry landfills or wet ponds it leads to environmental effects as well and the toxic components of the ash they dissolve out and they percolate through water and this will lead to groundwater contamination which again will be harmful to human health especially when they are a source of drinking water and apart from this they also travel through the environment as a result of erosion runoff or even through the air as fine dust. So these are the important points about fly ash that we should be aware of whenever we come across this topic. So with these learned points in mind come let us move on to the next news article. Now let us take up this article from the economic column. See this news article it talks about the investor charter which was developed by the Securities and Exchange Board of India. So in this discussion we will see what is this charter and we will also see why it is necessary. The syllabus covered by this article is given below for your reference. So first of all what is a charter? See a charter is a written grant by the sovereign power or the legislative power of a country through which a body's rights and privileges are defined. So now the SEBI which is the protector of the investor's interest in securities they have developed an investor charter and this charter is for the investors in Indian securities market and if you remember a finance minister proposed this charter in our budget speech of 2021 to 22 and on that line this charter has been developed now. So now the investor charter is developed as a right of all financial investors across all financial products because it is a single document which contains different services pertaining to investors and different services of importance to investors along with their respective timelines for providing such services. So in this manner this charter it includes the vision and the mission statement the rights and responsibilities of investors and it also includes the do's and don'ts of investing in the securities market and it also mentions the different services which are provided to investors along with their timelines. So now you may wonder why such a charter is important and we are going to find the answer for it now. See this charter is important because it makes the investors aware of their rights. So therefore it is a step forward in investor grievance redressal mechanism because only when we know our rights we will know whether that right is breached or not right. So it is in this regard or it is in this manner a charter increases the protection to the investors. So now let's very briefly see the important contents which I mentioned in this charter. See first it provides the objective of the charter in its vision statement and its objective is to protect the interest of investors by enabling them to understand the various risks which are involved in a fair, transparent and a secure market and also to invest in the same. So along with this enabling the investors to get services in a timely and efficient manner is also mentioned in the charter. See this charter it aims to ensure that the SEBI registered intermediaries or the SEBI regulated entities adhere to their investor charters including the grievance redressal mechanism and this investor charter also ensures that the causes of the investor grievances are analyzed on a periodic basis and it also ensures that the appropriate policy amendments are made if required. Now what are the rights of investors which are listed in the charter? See the rights of investors which are listed in the charter includes the right to get a fair and equitable treatment and then expecting redressal of investor grievances which are filed in the scores portal in a time bound manner is also a right. See remember this scores portal which I mentioned now and the word scores in there it stands for the SEBI Complaints Redress System which is actually a web-based centralized grievance redress system of the Securities and Exchange Board of India. So it is designed to help the investors to lodge their complaints online with the SEBI and to subsequently view its status. So then the investors they also have the right of getting quality services from the SEBI recognized market infrastructure institutions. Note that the stock exchanges, the depositories and the clearing corporations are collectively referred to as the market infrastructure institutions of SEBI and then the investors they also have the right of getting quality services from the SEBI registered intermediaries, regulated entities and also the other set management companies and in addition to this it is the responsibility of the investor to ensure that all the grievances are taken up with the concerned entities that too within the prescribed time limits. So these are the other responsibilities. Now as a part of their right the investors should also do certain things such as before investing they have to read and they have to understand the documents carefully and they should also know about the investor grievance redressal mechanisms or you can also say that they should be really aware or be updated of the grievance redressal mechanism and there are also a certain things which the investors are not supposed to do. See what they shall not do is that they should not make payments in cash beyond the prescribed limit while making any investment in the securities market and similarly they should also not share any critical information say like that of account details or login IDs or passwords to anyone for that matters. So these are the important points about the investor charter that was developed by the Securities and the Exchange Board of India. So having learned about it now let's move on to see the next news article. Now for my next news discussion I have chosen this open article titled wide fault lines within the global climate risk index. So with this very title itself I hope you can have a fair guess on what this particular article is going to be on. See recently in the COP26 that took place in Glasgow Mia Motley the Prime Minister of Barbados delivered a speech and during her speech she remarked that the failure to provide critical adaptation finance and also the failure to measure the extent of loss which are caused by climate change with respect to the lives and livelihoods is found to be immoral and then she also added that this has brought in the difficulty of calculating climate risk to the limelight once more. So this particular opiate article is written in this background and the author here throws light on the flaws that are associated in calculating the climate risk. Now based on this context let us see the important points that are mentioned in this article. The syllabus covered by this opiate article is highlighted below for your reference. Now before knowing about the flaws in calculating the climate risk first let us see what is this climate risk. See the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change they define climate risk as the potential for adverse consequences that is it refers to the likelihood of unfavorable impacts that are occurring as a result of severe climate events which are interacting with vulnerable environmental social economic political or cultural conditions. So to put it in simple words climate risk is nothing but the product of the probability of a climate event occurring and its adverse consequences. So now the next question that comes to our mind is who calculates climate risk. See the recent discussions about the climate risk assessment and also its management were found to be made based on the Global Climate Risk Index. See this Global Climate Risk Index is published annually by Greenwatch which is an independent development and environmental organization that works for sustainable global development. So this index analyzes the extent to which the countries and the regions are being affected by the impacts of weather related loss events and these events include disasters like storms floods heat waves etc and the impact is calculated in terms of both fatalities as well as economic losses and remember this index is traditionally presented at the World Climate Conferences. So when you take the most recent version of this Global Climate Risk Index it was the one which was released in January 2021 and this index it ranked 180 nations from 2000 to 2019 based on the impact of extreme weather conditions and the accompanying socioeconomic statistics. See one thing you should notice that basically this index tries to make it clear that we can no longer afford to ignore the consequences of accelerating climate change in any continent or region for that matters and the rankings are also meant to alert the countries about the possibility for a more frequent or a more severe climate related events in the future and this particular index is based on the historical data and it provides information on how vulnerable people are to extreme disasters. So by now I hope you have a fair understanding about this climate risk index and what it deals with and on what it tries to tell the world also. So now let us move on to see the author's viewpoint with regard to this index. See the author here is of the view that this index cannot be used to make logical predictions about the future climate change. This is because the author feels that the methodology and the interpretation of the country rankings have serious flaws. So to substantiate this point the author puts forward four reasons as to prove why this index should be used with caution when it comes to making recommendations. So now let us move on to see the four points that are put forward by the author. Now firstly the index ranks countries based on four key indicators and among these four key indicators the first two are absolute or definite while the other two are relative or subjective and the issue here is that the report fails to explain why these micro indicators were chosen. So the author finds this to be the first flaw. Secondly the index is found to suffer from exclusion errors and selection bias and the process of identifying the effect of the laws of elements on GDP is said to be loaded with mistakes. So as per the author to avoid such errors composite indicators can be created by using micro indicators instead of macro indicators to measure losses and on that line a number of key micro indicators such as the total number of people injured the laws of livestock the laws of public and private infrastructure then crop laws and others can be used for estimating the composite laws which are caused by climate change events and thirdly the index accounts for information on whether related events like storms floods temperature extremes and also mass moments. Now this is a good thing but then however this index it omits geological incidents like earthquakes volcanic eruptions or tsunamis which has also got the potential to be triggered by climate change and can have economic and humanitarian impact and fourthly the ranking under the index is done based on data which is not verified at the ground level that is the data based on which it ranks are only estimated values of economic losses and they are not the exact values of economic losses. So this again is a flaw with regard to the index. So these are the four major flaws that were put forward by the author so having said that now let's see what can be done in this regard. See as we know without taking into consideration the concerns of uncertainty size and time delays between the action and response to climate change any discussion of climate risk management and its measurement will not be complete. So therefore to conclude the climate change can be best managed as a part of a comprehensive risk assessment framework that incorporates climate data to better cope with the effects of climate change and on that line the four flaws which were put forward with relation to the global climate risk index can also be addressed for a more effective climate risk assessment and with this let us wind up this editorial discussion and let's move on to know what the next news article is got to tell us. Now let us take up this news article. See this article here it reports that the center will invite financial bids for the privatization of up to six central public sector enterprises which is shortly known as CPSS. So now in this context let us learn about this central public sector enterprises and also its categories. So first let us understand what is a public sector undertaking. See public sector undertakings are the government owned corporations in India in which around 51 percent or more than 51 percent of the paid up share capital is owned by the government of India. See the public sector undertakings can be classified into three categories. The first is the central public sector enterprises. See companies which are under the direct control of the central government or of other CPSS by 51 percent or more than 51 percent of capital share ownerships are called as central public sector enterprises. Now the central public sector enterprises are further classified into strategic central public sector enterprises and non-strategic central public sector enterprises. So when you take the strategic central public sector enterprises see an industry is considered strategic if it has large innovative spillovers and if it provides a substantial infrastructure for other firms in the same or related industries. So such industries are termed as strategic central public sector enterprises and the rest of them are regarded as non-strategic central public sector enterprises. Now the second category of the public sector undertakings is the public sector banks. See these are banks which are under the direct control of the central government or of other public sector banks by 51 percent or more than 51 percent of capital share ownership. Now similarly the companies which are under the direct control of the state government or other state level public enterprises by 51 percent or more than 51 percent of capital share ownership are known as state level public enterprises and it is the third category of the public sector undertaking. See whenever you learn about the central public sector enterprises you should also be aware of the status of Maharatna Navaratna and Miniratna CPSC. See these status of Maharatna Navaratna or Miniratna to the central public sector enterprises is given by the department of public enterprises to the public sector enterprises according to their financial performance and growth. So these statuses they will provide them with more autonomy over financial and administrative matters to some extent and they will also enable them to compete with other market players domestically as well as internationally and they also award a prestigious title. So these statuses they also represent the consistent growth of a company and the list of the various Maharatna Navaratna or Miniratna central public sector enterprises are given below. So aspirants please go through it and with this let us wind up this particular discussion. So by now we are almost done with all the articles for today. So now let's move on to the next part of our end of news analysis which is going to be the practice question discussion. See in the year 2015 we had a prelims question on fly ash and we are going to discuss that question now. So when you look at the question it goes like with reference to fly ash produced by the power plants using the coal as fuel which of the following statements is or are correct. Statement 1 fly ash can be used in the production of bricks for building construction. Statement 2 fly ash can be used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement contents of concrete and statement 3 fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide only and does not contain any toxic elements. So when you take the first statement that is fly ash can be used in the production of bricks for building construction we can easily find out that this statement is correct because even in our discussion we clearly saw that fly ash has got its applications in the concrete and cement products. So with that we can say the first statement is correct. Now coming to the second statement it says that fly ash can be used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement contents of concrete. See this statement again is correct because the fly ash is actually used as a replacement for some of the Portland cement and we even saw this point in our discussion. Now coming to this third statement see it says that fly ash is made up of silicon dioxide and calcium oxide only and it does not contain any toxic elements. See we clearly saw in our discussion the various chemical compounds that are present in fly ash which included compounds like silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, ferric oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, titanium, magnesium oxide, sulphur trioxide and also phosphorus pentoxide. So with that we can easily guess that this statement is incorrect and since both the first and second statement are correct here the correct answer here is option A that is 1 and 2. Now look at this problem's practice question which of the following statements is not correct with reference to the investor charter unveiled by the SEBI recently. Statement A its objective is to protect the interest of investors by enabling them to understand the risks involved in a fair, transparent and secure market. Statement B the investors have the right of getting quality services from SEBI registered intermediaries and regulated entities except SEBI recognized market infrastructure institutions. And statement C its mission is to analyze the causes of investor grievances on a periodic basis and make appropriate policy amendments if required and option D is both B and C. See from our news discussion itself we can rightly infer that it is option B which is not correct with reference to the investor charter because the investors they also have the right of getting quality services from SEBI recognized market infrastructure institutions as well. So therefore the correct answer here is option B that is investors have the right of getting quality services from SEBI registered intermediaries and regulated entities except SEBI recognized market infrastructure institutions. Now look at this question consider the following statements with reference to Maharatna, Navratna and Mini Ratna companies. Statement 1 the Maharatna is the highest status given to a company and to qualify as Maharatna the company should first be a Navratna company. And statement 2 to qualify as a Navratna company the company should have the record of at least three excellent or very good memorandum of understanding rating during the last five years. See when you take the central public sector enterprises they have to meet the following criteria in order to be eligible to be considered for the grant of Maharatna status and the first and foremost eligibility criteria is that they should have a Navratna status and this shows that the first statement given here is correct. Now coming to the second statement see this statement is also right because in order to qualify as a Navratna company the company should first have the record of at least three excellent or very good memorandum of understanding rating during the last five years. So since both the first and second statement which is given here are correct the right answer here is option C that is both 1 and 2. The main question for today is displayed here interested aspirants please write your answers and post them in the comment section below. So with this we have come to the end of today's hinder news analysis and if you had liked our video then don't forget to like comment and share and do subscribe to our Shankar IA's Academy YouTube channel for more updates regarding UPSC civil services preparation.


The Boys Training Center has commenced a new program designed to not only instill love for the environment in their wards, but tangible skills that can help them earn a livelihood. Details in this report. Environmental awareness is often a leading global topic with various campaigns encouraging people to take responsibility for the cleanliness of their environments. The wards and staff of the Boys Training Center are playing their part in contributing to a cleaner environment with a multi-faceted initiative. As part of this initiative, the boys are given the opportunity to attain important skills. The general manager of the Boys Training Center, Wang Son Son, says the activity also affords the participants skills they can use for employment upon leaving the rehabilitation center. Every boy who lives there will not be academically inclined and they will still need some means of earning a living. So some of them are trained to use the weed eater and they are doing it very effectively. So it's a holistic approach to the boys. Everything we do, it is geared at the rehabilitation and advancement of the boys that we have. The coach and warden at the Boys Training Center, Alvin Augustine-Zavier says in addition to contributing to a healthy environment, the collaboration between the wards and staff fosters a stronger bond of unity amongst the boys. They work together and when they see that the staff join them, that will give them more added incentive to involve because it is not about you just want us to work. They see that we take part also. So basically we train in them how from being boys to men that you need to take care of your environment firstly and then around your home because especially we in the hurricane season we need to make sure the area is safe that when the rain comes that we don't have too much flooding and landslides and those kind of things. So they see that we are involving it also will drive them on and motivate them to you know take part also. The cleanup activity occurs on the last Friday of every month. From the Government Information Service, the Mighty Mark reporting.


Hello everybody. Welcome back to another AI video. In this one we're in Meta AI. That's right. The ladies and gentlemen that had created Facebook, well they've got something going on here and it's called Segment Anything or SAM. And I'll just give it to you in a nutshell. You can cut out anything from an image. It segments all the different parts of an image. So you can cut them out. You can mask them. You can do those types of things and just isolate the parts that interest you. So here we go. If you want to get going and you want to follow along, go to segment anything.com. Link is in the description below. And when you're on this page, click on demo. And when you do that, you get two different options. You can use one of their pre-built images and just go nuts with that. The horse image is quite nice. Or alternatively, you can upload your own image, which we're going to do. So I'm going to show you how to do that. So click on upload an image and then let's select an image. So I've got some hipsters doing hipster things, digital marketing things. And I just went ahead and clicked on the upload button. So once the image is uploaded, you'll see here that it says Sam is running. And then all of a sudden when I hover over things, you'll see here that it's sort of starting to think about things that it can sort of click together. So when I hover over here, this lady here, for example, it has identified her as a object or as a subject. And if I click on her, I can go over to the left side here. And I can go ahead and when I click on her, it has selected her. I drop the point on her. And then I can go over here and I can simply click on cut out object and presto. She is now cut out. And if I right click on her, I can save the image or open it in a new tab to show you what we got. So here is the image of her. Now there's no feathering and there's no real fancy masking, but this is a cool tool and it's free. So Photoshop is the default standard for this, but you got to pay for it. So anyways, there's one example of what you can do. The other thing is I like is this click on everything. And when you do that, you'll see here that it has basically scanned the entire image, it's dropped all the points on it. And look at that, it's given you this cool kaleidoscope thing where you can select all of these different things or alternatively, like I like to do, cut out all objects. And when you click on that, it goes ham, but it's going to go ahead and start loading in all the objects. So it's done it already. Wow, that was pretty quick. So we've got this guy here on the right side, we've got some of we've got the other lady here, we've got whatever the heck that is. And there you go, we've got the laptop, that's actually kind of cool. And that's it. So this is Meta AI, they've they're getting in the game, they're in AI. Thanks for watching, ton more stuff coming up, stay tuned.


Welcome to the anxious morning every weekday morning. We'll take a few minutes to go over important lessons that you can use in your anxiety recovery journey The anxious morning brings you support education inspiration encouragement and empowerment Read or listen quietly on your own time free of the endless noisy scroll of social media Use the information to help you along the path to recovery from panic disorder Agoraphobia and other anxiety problems for more visit us at the anxious morning calm Victor Frankel said Between stimulus and response there is a space and that space is our power to choose a response and our response Lies our growth and our freedom You may want to tell me that when anxiety or panic overwhelm you that you have no choice But to obey its demands when panic tells you to call for help You must call for help when anxiety tells you to run from the supermarket and go home to be safe You must do what it says You know these actions are not helping you But you will assert that you have no choice and that you are compelled to follow the orders that your anxious brain is barking at you This is not true Between the initial flash of fear and your response there is a space It is admittedly a tiny space stretching maybe only a few seconds at the most but the space does exist Recognizing that space is a huge part of moving in a new more productive recovery direction Every day in my community. I hear people tell me that they have no choice when afraid that logic goes out the window They will say that they simply must do what panic anxiety tells them to do even though they know this is keeping them stuck They are adamant about this and often get offended and angry when I suggest otherwise Curiously every day I also heard people come back after the benefit of a few weeks or months of recovery work to acknowledge that the space between fear and Response does in fact exist These people were also initially adamant about not being able to resist the commands of anxiety and fear But they learn over time that they actually could Now what changed for these people? Accepting that the tiny space between stimulus and response does exist was the first change Accepting that in this space is choice and therefore power was the second change The third change was in the hard work needed to learn how to exercise that choice and find that power That's the real heavy lifting when we talk about this all the time But you can't start that part until you're willing to accept that in those few seconds between panic and retreat There is a choice to be made and that you are responsible for making it and powerful enough to make it Recovery does not happen in big chunks. It happens in tiny bites And really it happens bite by bite each time we move into that tiny space between fear and response and make new choices These are difficult choices that require understanding Commitment and courage, but they are the choices that set us free in the long term Recovery happens a few seconds at a time in that tiny space where we find our power and our strength Take a few minutes today and think about that You may find that tiny space terrifying and therefore want to exist that it is operationally non-existent for you But consider that being afraid of a thing does not make that thing irrelevant or useless on the contrary in Recovery the things we fear lead us to huge reserves of power and confidence Oddly those huge reserves are held in the tiniest of spaces strange how that works, isn't it? Tomorrow I'll talk about how my anxiety felt like failure Now my friend and regular collaborator dr. Bridget Cooper writes and speaks wonderfully on this topic I want to give her full credit for inspiring this episode of the anxious morning And I encourage you to visit her and her work at dr. Bridget cooper calm If you like the podcast and you'd like to get it delivered including full text into your email every morning Visit us at the anxious morning dot email


Our work with Emilia Boracourse di Pati and Mirko Moscatelli at the Banco Vitelli is about the pass-through of capital regulation to the cost of credit for firms. What we find is that for a one percentage point change in capital requirements, the average pass-through is about 9.5 basis points to the cost of credit, to the credit spreads of these credit relationships. But we also find that competition between lenders is very important in affecting the size of this pass-through and actually firms that have lower switching costs actually get a larger discount.


Well, folks, it's the last day of September, and you guys had to have known that on the last day of September that no surprise I'm going to be talking about Nintendo Switch 2 again. Now, it is because we do have some additional information today about games coming to the system and maybe games not coming to the system, coming from a bunch of reliable insiders that have really good track records. And so that's always exciting to talk about, but obviously we're talking about a system that hasn't come out yet. So you have to take everything with the appropriate amount of skepticism and not necessarily take what we talk about with Nintendo Switch 2 as facts. I think a lot of you guys already know this. It's okay to be excited. It's okay to be hyped. It's okay to have your Hopium and your Copium, but you need to remember that, hey, we don't actually know anything until Nintendo and these third-party companies tell us, but what we do know is a pretty good idea of expectations for this platform. And we have more of those expectations set today. So before I dive into this, I want to remind you that we are in a road to 150,000 subscribers. I would appreciate it if you would subscribe to the channel, drop a like if you're enjoying the video and you know what? Go ahead and smash that bell icon to be notified of all future uploads and live streams. Alright guys, let's dive into our first little bit here and this comes from a post by Tom Henderson who is the owner of Insider Gaming which has become slowly over time one of the most reliable places online for video game leaks out there and they have a really really good track record. Now Tom Henderson himself used to be a journalist at several different really big outlets over the years.  Now he posted this over on X and he said, really excited for the Nintendo Switch 2 and its tech. You'll see, quote, launching on Xbox Series X slash S, PlayStation 5 and Nintendo Switch 2 and PC, end quote, a heck of a lot in 12 to 18 months. Now of course this isn't saying the system is going to be here, you know, like launching a year from now but what it is saying is that hey, a year to a year and a half from now a ton of third party games are going to be coming to not just the next generation systems and PC but also Nintendo's next generation system in Nintendo Switch 2. This bodes very well for third party support and that is something that this system might be able to check a box above what Nintendo Switch was able to do. Yes, on Switch we do have a number of third party titles, way more than we got on Wii U and arguably even a little bit better than we got on Wii since we were getting dumb down versions of games on Wii. However, it is really nice to see that we're going to be getting the support. We already know Call of Duty is coming as soon as that deal closes on October 18th but yeah it's going to be really exciting to see what this means and again for launch timing all this really tells me is hey, the system should be out at least 12 months from now. Well 12 months from now is September or I guess you could look at October at this point so yeah it's going to launch sometime before then and that is really, really exciting. Now diving further into this, a few days ago we talked about Necro Felipe who is the owner of Nintendo Universal and you guys know his track record at this point. We've talked about him a ton and he's been right every step of the way whether it was with Nintendo Switch 2 information which again pretty scant at the moment but at least he's part of that. He's been right about Nintendo Directs and games that were going to be in Directs and games coming to Switch that weren't announced in the past and what the guy has built up a pretty solid track record one that you should really pay a lot of attention to and he went out of his way you know a few days back to say that Far Cry 7 was going to be day and date on Nintendo Switch 2 and yes nobody's refuting that and that is really, really good news but we saw him kind of hint at Monster Hunter because someone asked him hey is this going to be like Monster Hunter and be on Switch 2 just like all the other platforms and he just said yes which you can interpret that many different ways obviously the way we interpret it was oh he's saying Monster Hunter is going to be there but he really wasn't like putting a stamp on it and the words never actually came out of his mouth or in this case his fingertips well he went over to family boards and stated the following next mainline Monster Hunter to be released on the next generation Switch or Switch NG yes so what he's saying is yes that next Monster Hunter game is indeed going to Nintendo Switch 2 now what's interesting is we actually have at least some sort of idea of when or what this game is going to be because there was a Capcom leak some time ago that has proven 100% correct and it comes from internal documents and they included this following image here which you're seeing dates all the way back to the end of 2020 and you see Monster Hunter Rise on there Resident Evil Village stories too Resident Evil Outrage is listed as well which by the way Outrage has still not been released or talked about so very interesting again these are all from internal documents at Capcom so this is like a legitimate thing when you notice when you scroll forward all the way to fiscal year 23 and again this is 2023 going into 2024 they run the same fiscal year Nintendo does which is April to the end of March of the following year so they had Monster Hunter 6 listed as quarter to a fiscal year 23 now obviously we are well past quarter to a fiscal year 23 we're in the midst of quarter three or just about to enter quarter three and Monster Hunter 6 still hasn't been announced now clearly the plan was forward to come out this fall but the interesting part here is when you think about this the Monster Hunter anniversary the 20th anniversary is happening in March of 2024 now what's really cool about that is there's also a rumor out there that hey according to Capcom's own financial call hey you know what we're gonna have a game releasing in March that's gonna sell in the millions that seems to be the interpretation some people have argued maybe the interpretation is they're going to announce a game that's gonna sell in the millions in March either way they literally have a 20th anniversary of Monster Hunter page live online that's saying March of 2024 so there's going to be Monster Hunter something whether it's announcing this game or releasing this game now since the game was actually originally planned for this year it releasing in March would want to still get it in before the end of fiscal year 2023 and obviously give it a shot at releasing in March which is also when people have rumored that hey the Nintendo Switch 2 might be coming out in March and what if this is a major launch game from third-party companies on the platform again I'm not saying Nintendo Switch 2 is coming in March the March date was floated out there from Gamescom we have yet to hear the rumor mill coming out of Tokyo Game Show we'll probably hear something about the Tokyo Game Show stuff apparently Nintendo had well I'll say this we have heard some things people who attended the business area of Tokyo Game Show have already pointed out that Nintendo had a massive like way larger than normal presence in the business area of Tokyo Game Show we all know what that's about right there they're courting those Japanese developers to make games for Nintendo Switch 2 that's why it's much bigger than their typical presence at the business area which again isn't open to the public so you're not going to see images and screenshots of people putting out cell phone pics on here's Nintendo's booth no it's not publicly accessible it's literally just for developers behind the scenes that being said I'm really excited to see what this means obviously Monster Hunter he's very he's basically Monster Hunter 6 is coming that doesn't mean Monster Hunter Rise is not Monster Hunter 6 I know some people felt like maybe that was Monster Hunter 6 they're not considering it to be Monster Hunter 6 is this going to be a Monster Hunter World 2 situation are they literally just going to call this Monster Hunter 6 and it's more like traditional Monster Hunter is it something else entirely we don't really know but what is clear is this is definitely the next Monster Hunter game because as you can see there's nothing else on the list stating Monster Hunter heading all the way through fiscal year 24 so at this point we just have to presume that this is either the game plan to come on March it's supposed to sell millions or they're gonna unveil it in March whatever the case might be this game seems to be coming to Nintendo Switch 2 according to Necro Felipe now we're moving on beyond that a while back we reported on a leak from a previously credible leaker called I am hero 2 who came back because someone was impersonating him and in that leak it included a Final Fantasy 7 remake you know and not just saying that it was coming to Nintendo Switch 2 but that it looked impressive in fact technically when you look back on the leak it doesn't really say it's coming to Nintendo Switch 2 what it says is it looks as good as the PlayStation 5 version on Nintendo Switch 2 which really just could mean they tested the game on Nintendo Switch 2 that's different than bringing a game to Nintendo Switch 2 you know what I mean that you could test a lot of things but testing is not we plan to bring it although typically you're testing things you are thinking about bringing anyways the point is the inference that people took from that is that Final Fantasy 7 remake some version of it is coming to Nintendo Switch 2 well Nate the hate hasn't really agreed with this at the entire time and he put out some clarifying details over on family boards where he said the following the final fantasy 7 remake is not a current plan could it happen eventually sure is in an active plan at this moment no a switch to release exist in the same way an Xbox release does if Square wants to do it they can and will but no such plan exists at present in other words don't expect it folks but it's not impossible if they do decide to do it one day also nobody really knows how long the platform exclusivity runs for Sony in the first place so at this point it could come we don't know we're all just guessing and throwing out our hopes and dreams I suppose so at this point I probably wouldn't expect Final Fantasy 7 remake to be on switch it to switch to Nintendo Switch 2 anytime soon but I do suspect that they might bring it someday just like they might bring it to Xbox time will tell on that front and I think it might be a little bit more enticing on Nintendo Switch 2 if the install base is growing really rapidly because that's the mistake many third party companies made last time around that they waited and waited and waited and oh we're not gonna support switch and next thing you know it's the biggest platform in the world and there's a lot of regret that they didn't put their full support behind it I think companies are gonna jump on much sooner this time and of course Tom Henderson's tweet sort of agrees hey a lot of these multi-platform PlayStation Xbox and PC only games in the future are also going to be on switch to anyways guys take all this for what you will let me know your thoughts on all of it down in the comments below I'm really excited as always you can stay tuned here for all the latest on Nintendo Switch 2 and Nintendo in general we might even have a Mario Wonder news bit going up later because we have a bunch of new information on Mario Wonder of course again if you don't want any new information don't watch that video but if you do awesome catch you guys in the next video


All righty, we've assessed the damages. It's not looking good, but we have a lot in captivity and Sugar Rockies not letting up. Yeah, maybe things aren't looking that good ladies and gentlemen welcome back to the channel My name is Jack the boss or I should know be we have episode 128 of our MHA watch today called Tartarus Tartarus, I'm not sure what that's referring to but like I said in the last one We had a decent amount of recap but also did assess the damages from the entire attack from Sugar Rocky If you knew the channel top of sub and hit that big blue bell and let's get started Oh Tartarus is the name of the prison Well, I got super max Guessing that's where stain is to I would assume. Yeah, the description fits For one's a room man if I got like like several people on him 24-7 Oh They're locked away like that It's so intensely Oh, he did say at the end of the last one His original body her is real body Do you know he is just completely all for one now? All right. Well, I guess there's I he's gonna try to break out all for one I don't know dude. They've set up this prison like it's in super max like I said Eight o'clock.  They slow it down the show Oh My gosh, they just got gattlings bro just like that Oh no, is that security? Oh Those all like bots guarding the game There is no way Dog he was not joking about not giving them time to rest. I have to kind of respect the game These no moves are so broken Oh, he's oh, he's perished again silly please.  That's kind of cool Water no moves It's going back and forth between sugar rocky and all for one. He actually is like fighting back kind of he isn't Completely given up on just being himself Oh He is locked down. It's so if he gets back to his Yeah, he just wants him for himself if he gets back to him though He's gonna completely take over like the sugar rocky won't be left The rainbow eyes so clean This is a level after level after level Power is it kind of like giving him some ammunition to with other villains They said he can't blow straight through it. Oh, that was like the EMP. Oh You don't have defenses against an EMP ain't no way brother He is gonna start just freeing people dog. We get staying back. Oh My gosh. Oh, that's sugar rocky. Oh wait. Oh my god. He's just up I Say except that it has a sort of a dark side of things That did not age well at all Yeah, we haven't actually even seen all might in a bit Guys you lost in like five minutes Not saying you stood a chance either way, but that was fast Is that an inmate or a no-moo? Oh My god, it's musk you are no way It's been a fast second.  I'm waiting for stayed man.  I thought she was gonna be a hero. Oh They just freeing everyone bro, it's so cool saying my skill again though God dang he looks sick. He's gonna get his body back. He already did and we're not even at the intercut Then we're not the eye-catcher yet I Lord all for one still the final boss all for one sugar rocky brother I thought like as soon as they started attacking.  He really took sugar rocky. He's taking sugar rocky That is Ain't no way you believe that I wonder if that's kind of setting the stage for them revolting against all for all for one still his dream However, he can obtain it. Oh vodka goes good Kind of Broke out stabbed several times. That's a huge hospital.  I Thought he was done so I like him and eyes of what we're done Oh, yes leg and it looks like one eye is pretty wrecked them present Mike looking spiffy chaos The public opinion too is a problem now. So is he lost an eye completely and his quirk Yeah, wait, what about his quirk it makes things even worse that they're not even all seen as heroes What about Hawks to tax Steve?  Oh Is his mom they actually got her to come There's Deku All mice with them Oh Dang An episode a lot things we're gonna slow down whenever he said like let's get my body back I thought it was gonna be like a sort of operation planned out No, he wasn't joking about letting them breathe straight up half the first half of the episode just boom jailbreak Literally everybody's out but he did it at the perfect time when the heroes are weakest when they cancel and reinforcements and fight back It was literally just a sitting duck and if total rookie can take him on with the no moves Which he definitely could considering the no moves don't have feelings or I'm guessing feel pain or anything Then yeah, let's just get them a move on easy-peasy cause so much chaos for the rest of worlds that you can sort of sort of sit back Recover a little bit and then come back to everything with even more chaos going on with all these villains unleash It's really smart and I'm really impressed with the fact that they did keep the pacing up like that But I am interested in this hero or not I guess not hero villain that they showed in the intro before that I thought was a hero But is breaking out of the prison. Maybe she is more like an anti-hero Maybe she's in the prison for the wrong reasons it's gonna be sort of a focus because that's what the intro kind of made it Seemed like guys that's been it from some 128 of our image you watch you're called Tartarus Do drop us up on the channel if you're new I'll catch you guys in the next one. Peace