whatever problem in the country or in industry the first victim of the problem or critical condition is going to working class. Ambatu industrial estate which is spread over 1200 acres, nearly 12 square kilometers, one of the biggest industrial area of Tamil Nadu. It's under very critical condition for 2-3 years particularly for 3-4 months after March-April 2019. There are more than thousand MSME companies in Ambatu industrial estate and surrounding areas more than 2,500 tiny sector companies which employs totally this MSME companies and tiny sector around 1.5 lakhs work force working in this area. After the GST, after the demonetization plan of Modi government, MSME companies gradually going towards very deep crisis in past 2 years, particularly 3-4 months after second term of Modi government, BJP government came, industrial situation in all over country is shaping very bad condition particularly automobile industries like Maruti, Suzuki and Tata and Mahindra and other big automobile companies. Then in that reflection that failure of that giant automobile companies that reflects in Ambatu industrial area which constitutes more than 450 units, ancillary units for this major suppliers of Ashok Kailan, Hyundai, Ford and other companies. In past 3 months from June since June 2019 around 30-35,000 people lost their jobs in the spirit particularly cashier labors, contract labors in particularly migrated labors who came from Bihar UP, the North Indian migrated labors completely lost their job in part 2 months. Apart from this all the companies maximum 70-80 percentage of this units going for lay off this month and the last month also from June also some companies when they declared lay off and paid all it is first and then they declare lay off for weekly one day or two days but now it has around 15 days a month lay off declared more than 150 companies permanent employees also gradually losing their earnings because of this lay off. For an example there is one company in the register office in Ambatu its factory is in Cochlear industrial estate which is in Thiruvallu MRP MDA that company's name is more than 300 people working out there including staff. Past 6 months that's become very critical condition is going on all the contract people around 150 people suddenly dismissed from the work and also permanent employees also lost their revenue because of past 2 months the management declared more than 15 days of lay off per month because all the things are happened because of they are sole supplier of Ashok Lailand company and TVS group and Hyundai company because of Hyundai Ashok Lailand and other major automobile companies going towards lay off retraitment we don't know anything else that's why we have come to this CIT union we are important to the union, we are giving protection to the people we have said that we will do whatever we can we have a hope that they will do it I work as a rest operator I work as a rest operator for 22 years all the employees are sent to the house because of the situation they are asking who you are going to they have also given a list of where to go we don't get a job anywhere from work how do we go out? we work in this company for a day we don't have a bonus they told us that they won't give us salary we have to keep it in the union we have to pay salary for a month but they said they won't give us salary they have said they won't give us salary that's why we are affected by the situation we have to work in the company we have to work in the company we have to do what we can we have to work with the employees we have to take the responsibility it's very difficult we have to protect the union we have talked to the union I work as a rest operator for 14 years I have bought 8 lakh rupees for this company I have been working for 10 days I can't pay the salary for 14 days I work as a rest operator for 12 years I work as a rest operator for 12 years I work as a rest operator for 12 years I work as a rest operator for 12 years people will decide on the salary the government will decide for this the employee has put in a left hand we will work on this we don't know how future we'll will be I work as a rest operator for 23 years now I work as a rest operator for 24- late I work as a rest worker this work takes us with family this work takes our relatives this work is not good while your people are as a rest worker I have been studying for 20 years. I have been studying for 5th grade. But I can't see all the work. I have been in this company for so many days. I will be in this company for the rest of my life. But now, people are calling me as VRS. I don't know what to do. I have no idea what to do. I have to work. Another company is Ushishushira International, which is based on a Japanese multinational company. It is manufacturing piston and piston rods. Actually, their monopoly industry was 5 years back. Now, it is a highly competitive area of piston rod industry. Other multinational companies came in the market. Ushishushira is also going to prepare for another shock treatment for workers. Preparing for layoffs and wage revision cuts. And also declared that every week, Friday Saturday is paid already first in September. And from October, they are going to plan layoffs. They are working in Ushishira International Private Limit. We started the company on September 30, 1976. The company was first established in India. It was established in 1976. It was established in Japan on April 9, 2013. We have K-1, K-2, K-3, K-4, K-5-1. They are planning to open it next month. Next, they have opened a plant in Delhi for 2 months. The main plant is in Bushtad. In Bushtad, we have 85% of the plant. Lailand, Magaendra, New Holland, Cummins. In India, we have TAC, New Holland, Magaendra, Cummins, Sammy, Dite Sammy, Greuse, Codden, Simpson. In Brazil, we supply Russian Bushtad. Cummins comes from the US, China. Other countries are also coming. Recently, for the last 2-3 months, we have been working in G.S.C. Recently, we have been running this company for 20 hours. Now, for the last 2 months, we have been working in two shifts. We have been working in two shifts. In the contract C.L., our total number is 600 people. In the contract C.L., our total number is 179 people. We have been working in all the plants. In the contract C.L., we have been working in 100 plants. From this week, on the 1st week, we have been working in Saninaya. Now, we are in Saninaya. On the 1st of September, if the market goes down, there will be a chance to reduce it. We will be able to come out more. In the current market situation, in our company, in the contract C.L., 150 people have been working in the field. In the contract C.L., they have been working again and again. But today, in the next week, we can shift to Yosemite. There is no money. We have been shooting news in the island for the last 5 days. 2 days for the murder of the T.V.S.A. You have to file the anti-aircraft crimes in the village. Then, in the land supply of Pithampur, we have been providing it for 10 days or 5 days. We are fully supply it. The stock management is 8 crore. We cannot give it any business. But, in the land supply, we cannot give anything. Since the B.S. 4th, the B.S. 6th became a sudden. If the government wants to do all these things, B6 and other things, sometime earlier it should be started. It should have been started. By that the change should take place and also the government should give the guarantee to the buyers that B4 you can run it for another several years, because you have by before 2020 you need not sell it or you will not face anything from the government side. Like that you should see some guarantee, only then I will purchase the car of B4, Bharat stage 4 that is the emission standard. Now all these things, all these announcements, abrupt announcements without thinking what will happen these announcements have spoiled the thing to an extent. We work in SRP Geese plant 1, plant 2, plant 2. We work 13 people in plant 1, we work 14 people in plant 2. The maximum plant 2 total is the gear. Now the gear is very down, in plant 2 it has reduced production, the problem is that the requirement is less. Because we have to give out the subcontract order, the requirement is limited because of a small amount. Because it is limited, the work is a little less. Future also around 1000 crores turnover of Amrathur industrial area and Padi industrial area and the tiny sector MSME area will be seriously affected in coming March or February. Around 50,000 to 70,000 people will lose their job, all the packages announced by the central government is only for super rich and big business fellows. Central government, government of India never came for MSME tiny sector site packages, recover plants, which constitutes more than 50% of workforce of the country is lying with MSME tiny sector area. This is a problem, CITU will continuously fight against this wrong economic policies, wrong industrial policies and organized workers against this policies.


So in his address, the Minister will discuss the importance of enhanced cooperation in the area of security and defence, and what this means for the future of the EU 27. It has obviously become an increasingly important issue for member states, given the recent terrorist atrocities, the continued threat posted by homegrown radicalisation, but also the general international scene, and of course the growing difficulty with cyber security, cyber attacks, both state and non-state. At the European level, there's been a significant advance in developments in the area to deal with the security of EU citizens is the objective. There's been commitment to increase capabilities, to provide more finance and to cooperate to a greater extent with NATO. The increasing level of the increasing disappearance of the boundaries between internal and external security has a bearing in this area, and we'd be very interested to hear what the Minister has to say. So a particular interest, Minister, because Finland has played a very significant role, particularly in civilian management, civilian crisis management. Finland has been to the fore and indeed has a civilian management centre, and the most recent council, which focus very significantly on defence and security, recommended Finland for setting up a centre for excellence for countering hybrid threats. Minister, we await with considerable interest what you have to tell us from the far side of Europe to the very western side of Europe. Ireland and Finland have a quite lot in common. More than one would perhaps realise at the first glance. We are both small countries, situating next to the big neighbours at the out-of-lanx of the European Union. We are open economies that have benefited from EU membership. Our histories carry tough memories and times have been rough also recently, especially in economic terms. Yesterday, I had very good discussions with my colleague, Minister Simon Kovni, while admiring your beautiful country on the way to Monahan, we found many similarities in approaches. We agreed that we would like to see even closer contacts between our countries from government to the cross-route level. There are many sectors where we can increase cooperation at EU level and bilaterally. There are of course also some differences, such as in our approaches that the EU security and defence cooperation, as this is an area where Finland has long been in the forefront in developing EU policy, it is only natural that it should also be my topic today. In the following, my intention is to give you the finished take on EU security and defence. Your vision on why it matters so much, what it aims should be, and how we can gain from it. Member States, the Union as a whole, and even the world at large. Ladies and gentlemen, to understand the Finnish present approach, let me refresh reasons for Finland's membership in the EU. For us joining the EU was fundamentally a question of security, although this was never said aloud. Thus, since the beginning, the European Union is the frame of reference of Finland's foreign and security policy. Over the years, this dimension has not diminished, rather than opposite. Therefore, our government defined strengthening the European Union as a security community was defined as a key priority of the Finnish foreign and security policy in the government white paper on foreign and security policy presented last year. This policy is related to the profound changes that have taken place in our security environment over the past few years. In the current security situation, cooperation is more important than ever. For Finland, isolation is not an option, nor do we want to isolate ourselves. As a member of the European Union, Finland cannot and will not remain an outsider. Good security in our vicinity or elsewhere in the Europe come under threat. Finland has consistently underlined the importance both in principle and in practice of the EU's mutual assistance. Against this background, we have recently amended our legislation to allow for providing and receiving international assistance, including military aid in the case of crisis. Ladies and gentlemen, my understanding is that after the invocation of the mutual assistance clause in response to terrorist attacks in Paris and with the change security environment, there is renewed emphasis on solidarity and mutual assistance in the EU debate. This has been translated to the major developments taking place at the EU level. Also in the EU, there is now a growing realization that what is needed to respond to the many challenges ahead is more and closer cooperation. Existing EU tools need to be utilized more effectively, new forms of cooperation explored and the full potential of the treaty untapped. Since the presentation of the EU global strategy last summer, a number of important developments have taken place, a major change in focusing our attention more to the security threats directly affecting Europe. This is very good news. EU needs to do things that really matter for its citizens. In the global strategy, the protection of the Europe was defined as a strategic priority of the EU, along with the crisis management and supporting the capacity building of partner countries. The common security and defence policy has to be a vehicle for strengthening the security of the EU and the EU citizens. Ladies and gentlemen, another significant development is the new initiatives presented by the Commission to enhance defence cooperation. Commission's defence package was presented in the beginning of June. For the first time, the Commission is taking on an active role in this field. An EU budget funding to support defence cooperation is being considered. At the EU 27th Summit in Bratislava, internal and external security were identified as one of the four priorities for the future. And in the Rome Declaration, EU leaders agreed to work towards a more competitive and integrated defence industry. Most recently, the June European Council took the potential decision to launch permanent structured cooperation and decided on a concrete roadmap towards that goal. With these developments, a new dynamic and a momentum has been set in motion. In the words of Mrs Mogherini, more has been achieved in the past few months than in the past 60 years. I agree with this. And I am pleased that we are finally doing something that is a core priority for the people. We need to work together only on issues that we can do better at the EU level and bring added value to our national efforts. Expanding the scope of the CSDP beyond external action and normalising defence policy, bringing it closer to the standard practices in other policy areas have been our long-standing aims. We are pleased to now see them turned into concrete EU action. Ladies and gentlemen, defence cooperation for us serves two purposes. First, the political aim of strengthening the EU as a security community, increasing solidarity and bringing the member states closer together through more binding commitments and deeper integration. By strengthening cooperation, we are sending a strong signal to our citizens and the outside world. The EU is standing together and soldering responsibility. Today, this message is more important than ever. Secondly, the practical purpose of making the best of scarce resources cooperation simply makes financial sense. Essentially, the practical argument boils down to a simple mathematics.  The Commission has calculated the cost of non-Europe as something between 25 and 100 billion euros annually in efficiencies, lack of competition and lack of economics of scale for defence industry and production, big money. We as small countries would have additional benefit from cooperation since it enables access to capabilities that would otherwise be beyond our reach. Going forward, it is important to be clear on what defence cooperation is and what it is not. It is not about collective defence. We are not turning the European Union into military alliance or creating a European army. This bears repeating sins, means misconceptions and bloodshed misrepresentation still persists. The responsibility for national defence will remain firmly in the hands of the member states, but the EU has a wealth of tools to support strengthening national capability development, European defence industry and markets and security of supply within Europe. Many of these tools are civilian in nature, funding for research, incentives for investments and facilitating co-operative networks and legislation to ensure a level playing field for our industries. The Finnish defence industry is relatively small and consists mainly of small and medium sized enterprises. The access of the Finnish companies to European supply chains and the development of the internal market for defence are therefore key questions for us. The active role of the commission in this field is in our interest. Security of supply is particularly important for Finland due to our geographic location. Within the European Union, our aim is to ensure quick and efficient arrangements for the delivery of critical items such as energy and defence material between member states also in the emergency situations. Here too we have valued the support of the commission. Ladies and gentlemen, a few words on the concrete proposals on the table. The work ahead is structured around three topics, the implementation of the global strategy, the commission's European defence action plan and the joint EU NATO declaration adopted in Warsaw last year. Under the global strategy the main focus is on permanent structured cooperation. Such work remains to be done before the actual launch of PESCO can take place hopefully later this year or early next year. Finland has been actively involved in the preparatory work with the clear aim of participating in the cooperation once launched. We put forward proposals for projects to be developed under PESCO based on our national priorities and are currently looking for partners with whom to take this forward. Our proposals include, among others, space cooperation, maritime defence, logistic forces and developing the EU's cyber defence capability. In our view, PESCO is a key element in taking forward EU defence cooperation, an important signal politically and potentially of a great practical value through concrete capabilities projects. Crucially, PESCO will be a concrete example of how multi-speed cooperation can be implemented in the defence sector. PESCO will be adopted jointly but member states will be able to advance at different speeds depending on the projects they decide to take part in. This two-tire approach allows for combining the seemingly opposing aims of the inclusiveness and ambition and should ensure the flexibility needed to account for different national approaches and priorities. All member states that are willing to make jointly agreed commitments should be able to take part in the cooperation if they so decide. The second topic, the Commission's proposal on the European Defence Fund, also has our full support. As part of the normalisation of the defence policy, we have been advocating increased EU budget funding for the defence sector for quite some time. The first part of the fund, the pilot action for defence-related research, is already well underway and we are actively involved. The proposed Defence Industrial Development Programme aimed at supporting the developments phase of capability cooperation is also very welcome. Ensuring the access of the SMEs to the programme is a key priority, purely recognised as such also at the European Council in June. Finland is also ready to participate the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence to be launched as a pilot this coming autumn. In our view, CARD should be a flexible, practical tool for defence ministers to share information on national planning. By increasing transparency, CARD will also facilitate the identification of possible cooperation projects to be pursued under PESCO and or the Defence Fund. Creating a coherent narrative on these three topics is necessary for effective public communication. LACRONUM's PESCO CARD EDF do not make for a good headlines, instead we need to be able to explain in layman's terms what the aims of these initiatives are and how they connect to each other. While the main focus at the moment is on defence cooperation, we shouldn't forget about the two strategic priorities of the global strategy, managing crises and supporting partners. In the current security situation, enhancing the effectiveness of the EU crisis management, both civilian and military is essential. More work is needed in developing our rapid response and civilian crisis management capabilities. In crisis management too, we should sharpen the tools in our toolbox. Ireland and Finland have a long history in working together in crisis management and I hope this will continue also in the future. Last but not absolutely least, EU NATO cooperation. Here two tremendous progress has been achieved over the past few months. Now it's important to maintain the positive momentum. Within both in European Union and NATO, there is currently a very strong consensus in favour of expanding cooperation even further. The reasons for these are clear. Our security is interconnected and together we can mobilize a broad range of tools to respond to the challenges we all face. Since last year, many concrete advances have been made. In hybrid, cyber, maritime security and in exercises to name just few topics, but perhaps even more important is the cultural change that has taken place. Cooperation is fast pinging a normal way of working in both organizations. Cooperation as the rule, not the exception. From the perspective of the European Union, strengthening EU NATO cooperation is key component of developing EU security and defence policy. A stronger EU is also in NATO's interest and important contribution to transatlantic burden sharing. EU defence cooperation should be developed in close coordination with NATO so as to maximize synergies and avoid duplication. This is important also for Finland as a NATO partner. A stronger NATO and stronger EU are mutually reinforcing. The different strengths and capabilities of the Union and the Alliance complement each other. A case in point is countering hybrid threats. Cooperation on hybrid is a clearly a win-win. In the case is that the EU has the broader range of tools at its disposal. The European Centre of Excellence for countering hybrid threats established in Helsinki this summer is a concrete sign of cooperation. We look forward to working with the EU and NATO and EU and NATO countries in the framework of the Centre. As an independent actor outside formal EU and NATO structures the Centre can open avenues for cooperation on this important topic. Ladies and gentlemen, coming back to the overall theme of my intervention the future of Europe, finally a few remarks on the Commission's reflection paper on European defence until 2025. The reflection paper is one of the five similar papers presented by the Commission as a follow-up to its white paper on the future of the Europe earlier this year. It is, as the name states, a reflection paper. The Commission does not put forward any proposals but instead asks questions and presents ideas on possible developments. The starting premise is clear and generally accepted. Our security environment has changed and the EU simply needs to do more in the area of defence. The most important added value on the reflection paper is a long-term perspective it offers. It complements the practical work already underway to implement the various proposals on the table. In the paper the Commission outlines three scenarios for the potential future of the EU defence in 2025. To put it simply, the first one shows us where the implementation of initiatives already underway will lead us. The second is an estimation of the results that would be achieved should we decide to upgrade our cooperation a notch or two. And finally the third scenario is an illustration of what the full utilization of the potential of the Lisbon Treaty could look like. For the most part these ideas presented are not new and work is already underway to implement them. There are positive elements in all three scenarios and much of what is described is already a part of our cooperation. In all scenarios the importance of using EU tools more effectively is underlined. All emphasise the need for EU NATO cooperation. Most importantly all three scenarios point to the same direction towards closer cooperation. Only the pace of progress differs. This in my view reflects the reality we live in and there is a broad consensus on the need to strengthen cooperation but opinions vary on the speed that should be adopted. From the Finnish perspective even the second and the third scenario include many elements that we have actively promoted investing in the protection of the European citizens and territory strengthening the EU as a security provider and security community emphasising solidarity and mutual assistance and so forth. As a whole however the third scenario is hypothetical. The possibility of common defence is of course foreseen in the treaty but so far the idea has not been seriously discussed at the EU level. All in all the reflection paper is a welcome contribution to the ongoing debate. The best means to achieve progress however are the concrete initiatives on the table. PESCO, CART and Defence Fund. In this we should be ambitious but pursue our goals in small concrete steps. Cooperation in our view should be open and inclusive but not based on the lowest common denominator. For Finland it is also clear that no treaty amendments are needed and none should be pursued. All the necessary reforms can be done with the existing legal framework. On defence cooperation the treaties do not present any barriers limits where they exist are political and defined in member states capitals. To conclude a change of perspective so far I have talked mostly about what the EU member states and EU citizens need and deserve. This is a sign of the times indeed yet in the current situation a stronger EU is needed globally too. More than in a long while there is a need for a strong credible responsible multilateral actor be it in trade development or climate issues or insecurity and defence for that matter. The ability of the EU to act more independently in security and defence will ensure that the EU can set its own strategic priorities and promote its own values and interests also in the future. In the European Union there is a clear understanding that there is more to security than military security and we will act accordingly. Today's security threats cannot be counted by military force alone but a much proto toolbox such as EU's is needed. We owe it not only to ourselves but to our global partners to keep our tool sharp and at the ready the soft ones as well as the hard ones. Thank you very much.


that's interesting at least I mean I think it should be very comforting for you because you see how the rules of WTO matter at the same time we know there is a problem of governance and a lot of ills can we talk a little bit about it because I mean we see a lot of disruption on on worldwide state on trade and WTO is not efficient in regulating it so let's talk about the governance the ills of this institution and also we'll try to talk about its remedies but who wants the first shot on the WTO? Carl, he's the brave one. I pick up where we were and the basic rule of the WTO is the most favorite nation principle so you have to afford the same good treatment that you offer to one of the 164 members to all the other members and the free trade agreements are actually an exemption from it they are an exemption in that you can offer your partner more favorable treaty treatment than you offer the rest and the justification for allowing this exemption is that you have to cover essentially all trade and we have a committee that deliberates on the notified free trade agreements and it never produces a result that has a critical outcome for the parties because there is not the the courage for it so it's lack of political college of the institution yeah it lacks teeth they speak about the agreement the secretariat writes a factual report the factual report could actually make it very visible that it does not cover essentially all trade and then the parties not the parties the members discuss but there is no consequence before we move to the multilateral trading system I want to go back to the section 232 on autos I think USTR gave options to President Trump in May he extend his decision for for six months so these six months will come sometime in November so given the fact that we see friend Trump is very unpredictable so by that time whether he can extend this some some more months or he can he can declare something so we Koreans are also concerned about the final decision to be made by friend Trump on section 232 on autos but the the advantage of the free trade agreement between the US and Japan was just now described as avoiding a negative it should actually create a positive but it's only avoiding a negative this is not what it's all about that goes at least against the spirit of article 24 which says that the parties engaging in preferential trade agreement should actually lower their tariffs and if that's not happening the fact that the opposite is happening maybe if you throw in a rules of origin that is certainly not in the spirit of the of the article but if we're talking about the WTO I think it's very easy to blame the WTO but who is the WTO no it's it's a member it's a member driven organization and we you know when we comment about it we often forget that no we blame the WTO the WTO is inefficient it doesn't enforce its rules etc etc but then it's just the sum of its 164 members and so and then you know everyone including the even the Europeans that are very at least pay lip service yes they have Mr. Watanabe and then Marcus Norman well thank you very much one additional comment on this Japan US recent agreement on Japan US trade deal one of the major sort of misgivings of this agreement is is the fact that United States could not offer the zero-duty treatment on the parts of the parts and components for car industries that United States offered in TPP 12 negotiation that was concluded in October 2015 so you see the entire you know the passenger car duty is 2.5 percent even in a TPP 12 agreement you know the there was the phasing out of 2.5 percent duties over 25 years right so but instead for the car parts and components Japan got more than 87% of the tariff lines they're dealing with the car parts have been subject to zero duty it's a immediate duty elimination and that was the agreement in October 2015 so that is the thing that we couldn't get and that is the major sort of misgivings I would thought thank you and Marcus you wanted to add something yeah so the WTO has all sorts of problems but the WTO is only as good as its membership and I want to re-emphasize the point I made at the answer which is that for 80 years the United States government tried to promote a open liberal rules-based trade system wasn't always effective didn't always you know always adhere to its own norms but it was basically supportive of that kind of system that changed in 2016 we now have government that would be perfectly happy to watch the WTO strangle by simply not appointing appellate judges and so the question is why what changed in the United States and is it aberrant and can we expect a reversion to the norm or is this the future because if this is the future then it really poses a different set of questions for the system there is a growing body of scholarly analysis in the United States that tries to explain the shift I've done some of it Jeff Frieden who's sitting out in the audience has done some of it some of it is based on looking at individual voter preference some of it is done using analyzing county level voting patterns some of it is experimental and the lessons that seem to be emerging from that that a work are actually quite disturbing the turn towards protectionism in the United States seems to be based on a pernicious sense of victimhood and a victimhood in two different channels one is is usual that would be familiar to everybody in this room import competing sectors especially declining industries are getting hurt by imports they want protection and if you look at the Trump administration a lot of the people in it or his advisors are people who were owners or managers in declining industrial sectors of the US economy but the other one is at the individual level and what it seems the evidence seems to suggest is that this turn towards protection is very much driven by or associated with white identity politics or racism and it's the notion that a growing anxiety among part of the white population the United States about loss of group status loss of their ability to control the system for their own benefits at the individual level and then that is reinforced by a sense among the elites who have these ideas of declining US status at the international level and the fact that China is both regarded as an economic and geopolitical rival means that that is where you where you get to focus on China so looking for towards the future obviously an electoral strategy that that emphasizes anger in the white population is demographically a losing hand in the long run whether it can work in 2020 or not if if if Trump is able to avoid impeachment and does get reelected then I think the second term it will be Katie bar the door on the kind of issues that we're discussing can you tell us what that means exactly it means it means it means it means close down because catastrophe is happening okay if the Democrats win that's that's no nirvana because while the Democrats and there's a lot and these are not just my opinion there's a lot of data that's worth this are much more positively inclined towards international cooperation their views on trade are not necessarily liberal and if you've got certain candidates and certain people you could get a pretty reasonable trade policy but if you get some of the others it could be quite challenging as well so the the future the political economy in the United States future outcomes range from kind of okay to disaster well that's very comforting yeah Gabriel you wanted to add something and then mr. Tart yeah I just wanted to say that there is only there is certainly this this international US centered discussion about the white grumpy man but but there's also and I think here's where Republicans and the Democrats are converged there's also this issue strategic issue with China no so when the when China entered into the WTO in 2001 no one really envisaged that in a period of 15 years or so they would be able to challenge the United States by having an economy that is almost as big and growing twice as fast I think that is there is there is and it's just strategic discussion will not stop and it will not stop when there is a different person in the White House and it also has implications for Europe of course because we too must ask ourselves and we have seen this session here today about you know the values of democracy that these are these are important important components to in this in this discussion and that don't lend to very much optimism neither because that she is strategic struggle which is not just a power military can I pass also about values that that won't go away okay I want to remind you that we are very sorry to talk about WTO in Marrakesh because you know 1994 Marrakesh had a meeting to produce WTO you know now we talk about the gloomy aspect of WTO in fact seven years ago I visited Rabat to have a bilateral ministers meeting and then they asked me where do you want to go after Rabat so I want to see Marrakesh because Marrakesh is the place who produced the WTO we came here and tried to find which hotel hosted this minister conference I forget the name but huge hotel huge hotel and some hotel manager come down and explain about the hotel so I said do you know this place you know we have a meeting for WTO he asked me what is WTO so there's no no plug no any anything you know so in any case well it's a good time you're here to you know give it the right but you know I'm also very you know pessimistic for future I'm sorry to you know I see we have 15 minutes left so Karl is going to speak and we're going to talk a little bit about the settlement problem with the WTO and then we'll open up for questions I want to say that the US has been the positive leader for more than 70 years in trade policy starting before the gut and they have used trade policy as an element of the foreign policy as an instrument of peace policy and if the US takes this role that you have described just now this does not solve the real issue because it only deals with the external elements that are the challenges for the US the real challenges are inside the US you the problem is America is not great anymore when America was great they could behave in the way they behaved as positive leaders and to make America great again is not happening via external conflicts and it's about it comes back to the disgruntled you know white people you were talking about who elected Trump and and express that but somewhere America has been expected is on this appointing judges for the WTO because it's the only way for countries to settle their differences and we know that this this part of your organization is really at a standstill and in December if no judge is appointed it's gone it's dead so what can we do about this this problem has started in 2017 and I think the efforts to resolve the issue have started pretty late right now we are having a group of countries that are under the leadership of the New Zealand ambassador trying to tackle issues on a technical level and here I would come to the one of the elements of the title of our meeting this afternoon trust one could try to rebuild trust by solving a few of the technical issues and one has to get the Europeans and the Americans talking to one another because I think the Europeans have made some very good proposals picking up all the grievances of the Americans one by one without saying that they share the concern but they offer some approach to it but the Americans are not yet engaging and I must say my suspicion is they have other issues they are dealing with China they are dealing with USMCA and the WTO is a third priority for them at this point in time


So, for instance, you could get posters of or blow up from your digital camera or from your computer, get them in full color, and just put them up on your vision board or put them up on your wall, have them on your desktop background, have them on your iPhone to constantly remind you and craft a new reality for you mentally. That not only is it normal for an older guy to date a younger woman, but it's actually normative in the sense that this is the way it should be.  If you're a hot girl, you should have an older man. And suddenly, that switch changes. Instead of feeling bad that you're older, now you see, hey, actually, it's the way it should be, right? You can do the same if you're a younger guy wanting to date older women, right? You just need to condition your mind to seeing that as the norm. So let's take, that was old age, but let's say you're 20 years older. The science doesn't show that women prefer men who are 20 years older when they're in their 20s. The science shows, well, they prefer men who are two to five years older. You're way older, this is not gonna work. So in this case, maybe the problem is that that limiting belief is actually true. See, then you gotta do a little bit more research. So they ask yourself, well, why would women prefer men who are older? And the research shows the reason why is because women are, because men who are older tend to have more power, right? In caveman times and back in the day, if you're older, you had more time to amass resources, to amass social alliances, to amass power.  You're not increasing in social value. Therefore, that might be the reason why those women are not attracted to you despite your older age, right? So then if it's a true belief, if it's true that your limiting belief, if your limiting belief is true, right, that your older age is inhibiting you. And in this case, you would find it's not the older age, per se, but it's the social power that you have. If that's limiting you, then you say, okay, if it's true, can I change it? Can I change it? I'll take another example of a limiting belief. I'm too fat to get girls, too fat. Maybe I'm 200 pounds, 200 kilograms overweight.  It is true, right? Maybe that's a belief and it's limiting you, but it's a true limiting belief. So it does you no good to just in the face of the facts, just conditioning yourself into believing, yeah, being overweight is gonna help me. Because you can change it, right? Can you change it, yes or no? Now, if the answer is yes, then change it. And I'm so glad that I'm speaking before and after a fitness talks and diet talks because that is one of the most. I mean, the research shows that almost anybody's body composition can change, given the right amount of time and effort. There's no excuses for that. So if it's about your health or your diet or that you're overweight, I've met guys who've lost 100 kilograms in a year, amazingly, through a lot of discipline, but it can be done. So change it. If you have a shitty lifestyle, if you live at home with mom in her basement and all you do on the weekends is play World of Warcraft, change it.  Change it. There's no point in trying to reframe or condition that belief. Because it's true and you can change it. But what about the ones you can't change? Now, this is where the money is, right? Everyone's wondering, well, it is true that I have this disadvantage and I can't really do anything about it. What are some examples of those? Well, when I was starting out eight years ago, there were two particularly limiting beliefs that haunted me that were very deep seated, right? These were height and race. I was raised in North America, where it turns out that in America, the average height of an adult male is 5'9", about 1.75 meters. It seems like Australia's about the same, 1.75, just judging by the height of the urinals. Thank you. All right, getting a laugh. So it didn't help that I was on the basketball team and the volleyball team from junior high through high school. Because every time I showed up on the court, I was continually reminded of how short I was. And then in junior high, we were all the same height, cuz puberty had just started hitting. So I could play forward on basketball team and I wasn't the setter yet on volleyball, I was a striker. And then we went to high school and everyone shot up in height. And suddenly I was the setter in the guard, not to relearn the game. And it just became a lot harder to score, in many ways. So that became, if I'm doing that, that was my passion, volleyball and basketball for six years or so. And then making my passion remind me of my limiting belief was very hard for height, so it was a very deep-seated one. Now this is the second half of R&R. If it's true and you can't change it, you'll need to reframe it. And again, you're gonna have to do research. That's the first step always. So I did some research when I realized, hey, I have to figure out this dating thing. The research showed that, yeah, the average height of the adult male in America was 5'9". But globally, it turns out, after just a little bit of research, the average height of the adult male was 5'7", 1.7 meters, which was my height. So I was average, yeah, living in that society in America where the average height was taller. And I was playing basketball and volleyball and watching basketball a lot. I was continually reminded of how short I was. But actually globally speaking, I'm average. That helps actually right away, but it won't help a guy who's 5'1", or 1.55 meters. But just that little bit of research already helped give me some more confidence. It also helped that I was living globally. So I was based in Beijing at that time when I was doing the research. And even though in Northern China, I think the average height of an adult male seemed to be about 5'9", as well, it helped to know that now the whole globe is my playing field. That I wasn't limited to a specific society or a town that I could meet women and meet the love of my life anywhere in the world. And given that, then I'm average there. I could, of course, change it partly, I think there is like height enhancement surgery, but it's incredibly painful and risky. But so that wasn't really a real option. But have you ever gone through the New Rock stage? Is that New Rocks?  I never thankfully went through that, but I did get boots that had a nice two inch heel that were very subtle, so you couldn't see them. But it didn't help because the girls at the clubs would wear three inch heels. So I'd gain two inches, but then they'd still gain an inch on me. And then, of course, they're taller than me. So there's not that much I could have done about height. I did as much as I could. I also learned some body language tips, some presence. I meet my presence bigger. I went around telling people if they ever asked them 5'9", and they believed me, no problem. However, so you've got to reframe that limiting belief. For example, I think of it like a handicap, actually. Like being shorter is a handicap in life when it comes to dating women. So it's like in golf. You just got to, if you score the same as the other guy, but you had a handicap, it just shows that you're that much better. So the limiting belief that I attacked, I attacked it directly with this affirmation that it takes a stronger man to date a taller woman. It takes a stronger man to date a taller woman. I didn't even have to really add it to my affirmations list because it just seemed logical to me. But once I realized that, it became the foundation of how to attack this limiting belief, the foundation of that empowering belief. I dated these taller women. Did I mention that earlier before the break? The stories about, well, what they would try to poke fun at me at my height when I first started dating them. They're very subtle jabs. But over time, those jabs started to disappear. Because I just wasn't bothered by them, and then they just moved on to other things. But what you find is with women who will challenge you, it's for your own good. Because they see these insecurities. I know a lot of guys in the pickup world who want to find a drama-less girl. There's all this talk about overcoming drama. I don't like drama, and it's great. Because if you have a lot of drama, you can't really focus on other areas of your life, right? But there's a reason why there could be drama. Like in a woman who otherwise is not going to produce a lot of drama. But when she's with you, it's really pushing at you. She's doing that because she sees these insecurities that you really shouldn't have. And she thinks they're funny. She thinks you should get over them. But her unconscious way of doing that is to poke at you like that. Until you're so strong that it doesn't have any effect on you. Then her job is done. Then she moves on to the next insecurity. This is actually good for you, all right? So you don't want a girl who's just gonna treat you with kid gloves, right? And none of these women did that for me. They just incessantly tease me about my height. So with the reframe, I then continued to do research, right? So even with that reframe, let me just show you how powerful that could be. I was doing way back in, what was it, 2008, boot camp with Nick Sparks and Jonathan Hudson in New York. And I just take these trips once or twice back to a year back to North America.


We've implemented all about say words, say sentence, ask user to spell and check resolve blocks. Now we need to create this whole block sequence. So let's dive into Python and get stuck into it. Hello world, this is Serving Scratcher here, teacher-server programmer. And on this channel, I help curious learners just like you along on your learning journey. In this series, we've built a project in Scratch and we are translating it across the Python. So we can take you from Scratch to Python. We're nearing the final stages of our game. We're up to the part where we're creating the spelling component in Python. Okay, the first thing that we need to do is create a new function. And this function is going to be very similar to when the green fly is clicked. We're going to basically call this function to kick off our spelling game. Now I'm just going to magic some comments on the screen to give us a little bit of guidance and direction. Okay, so we need to read the lines to extract the words. And then we need to loop through each of those lines to say the words, say the sentence, spell the word, and we're going to check the result. And right at the end, we want to print the result of the game. So let's attack this first line here. We made a function in an earlier video to read the lines and extract the words and the sentences. Let's scroll up to it now. Okay, here is that function read lines from files. So I'm just going to copy it. It takes a parameter of the file name. But if we don't supply one, it's just going to default to this. So that's nice and neat. Now we need to check down what it is going to return. It returns a tuple of words and a tuple of sentences. So it's going to create two tuples there for us inside one tuple, a nested tuple. Okay, we're just going to keep that in mind. We're basically going to do this multiple assignment here. And we're going to do that down into the function that we just created. So let's scroll back down. Okay, let's paste the name of that function. Remember, we don't need to pass in anything to it because as we can see by our type int here, we've got the file name equal to lines.text. I don't need to change that. Now let's do our multiple variable assignment. We're going to assign our words and sentences to the result of read lines from file. Now, if you're a little bit uncertain about this, let's just test that it's working to do that. We can run our project here and in the console, let's just call the function start spelling and it's going to run the read lines from file and then we'll print the result of words to the console here. And there you go. You can see our words and you can also see here the sentences. They just added in that print statement. So that's working as we'd expect. Okay, let's just clear that and get rid of those prints. Okay, let's check out this next line where we're going to loop through each line. Well, we're actually just going to loop through each word in this list. And the way to do our looping is to use a for loop. But before we do that, I just want to revisit how we can access items in a list or a tuple using some notation. So you'll recall that I've got a hard coded list up the top called lines just down here in the console. You can see if I type lines and hit enter, it just returns that list and just scroll to the top of this file. If you're not sure what that is. Now the way that we can access the individual items, this list, you can see here we've got string values. The way that we do that, I'll just clear the console. So you can see what's going on is we type in the variable name. So lines and then we use that square bracket notation. If I put an integer inside of that and we start at zero, that's going to refer to the first item in the lines list here. And there you go. It prints the first line. Should you try and make a dash for the car? I can change that index and we'll get the next item. If I put a negative one here for Python, that actually means we'll get the last item in that list, which is lunch. Sometimes Alex comes home for lunch and we eat together. So the key takeaway from this is we can supply an integer number or an index to reference a particular item in that list. And over here in Scratch, we've got a block that that replicates. All that translates to and that's the item number of lines. That's exactly what we're doing. We're just doing that using the square bracket notation. Can you see that? Can you see how we're just doing the same thing there? So then what we can do is we can find the length of lines and we know how to do that. We know how to find the length of lines. Remember, we can use the function Len to do that. So if we get the function Len, we're no longer focused on lines. We've got some words and sentences here. So let's get the length of the words here. Now this is just going to count the total number of words, which is 10. And what we want to do is create an iterator. We're going to create some kind of counter variable that's going to count up from 0 to 9. So it's going to cycle through each index in our words list. And the way that we do that is we need to wrap this Len function, the length in another function called range. And the range function, what it does, is it has a starting value and an ending value and it creates all those values between them. So I've sort of created our full statement a little bit backwards here. The way you would do it is for the local variable, and I'm going to use the variable name i here just to stand for index. It's just common programming practice. You know that we've done that in our Scratch project as well. We did an underscore i and I'll just bring that up on the screen so you can see that. Okay, down here in our set column position, we've got the variable underscore i here and you see how we're setting it to 0 and we're iterating. We're changing it by 1. And that's what this for loop does. It starts at 0 and it counts all the way up to the maximum number. Okay, so we go for that variable i in this range, okay? For i in this range, we're going to do some business. And I just want to show you what's going on here. Let's just print the value of i. All right, let's clear the console, run the program, we'll call start spelling and what do you think you'll see here? Pause the video and have a guess. If you guessed all the integer values from 0 to 9, you're right. Okay, so we are just counting up from 0 to 9. I encourage you to check out the documentation for range. I'll leave a link down in the description for you to go suss out if it's a little bit confusing for you. Okay, so now we have this variable i. We need to do something with it. Well, I propose what we should do is let's create a variable called word and let's grab the current word. That's what this is going to do, okay? We're going to get the current word and while we're at it, we may as well get the sentence too. So we're going to get the current word and sentence from the two lists that we created from the read lines from file, okay? We can do that because we're iterating. So when i is equal to 0, we'll get the first word and the first sentence. When i is equal to 1, we'll get the second and so on right up until the end. So that is how this for loop works. And just to demonstrate this in action again, I've got our two print statements. It's really good to do this just to test while you go along so you don't get creating too far ahead and you encounter bugs. So you can see here we've got dash and should you try to make a dash for the car, we've got some nice pairings going on without word and sentence. Okay, I'm just going to delete those two print statements. Okay, so we did all the hard work in previous videos where we implemented say word. So all we need to do is call say word and pass in that word that we have just created here. That is why we created that parameter before and after we say word then we want to say a sentence. And what do we want to pass into sentence? You guessed it. We want to pass in the sentence and then we want to ask the user to spell the word. Okay, let's scroll up and take a look at spell word. Okay, so here's the ask the user to spell the word. It takes a word and also returns the answer. So what we want to do is store this answer in a local variable in the start spelling function. So let's go back down to it. Okay, so we need to create a local variable here called answer. And we're going to store whatever input we get from the user because then we're going to check the result. And when we check the result, you can see here that we need the answer as the first parameter. And we also need the word. We need to compare the word and the answer together. Let's just scroll up to check result. So you can see here we get the answer and we get the word. We can pair them and then we return what the result is. The result is either a zero or one. Now this is handy because we can actually keep score with this. So let's jump back down in order for us to keep score. We need to have a score variable. And you know what? I think we should store all the scores in a list here. And so what we can do is add the result to our score list here. And that's the same thing as just adding a thing to the list here in scratch. I don't think I went over that in previous videos. But yeah, when we use that append for a list, we're just adding a thing to list. So here we're going to go score dot append. And that append function just adds the thing inside of this. The thing is the result here, okay? So we're counting the score doing that. And then we want to print the result of the game. The way to do that is just do it inside of a print function here. Just follow along with me and there's I'm not going to explain it. Just put an F. We're going to go double quotes here. I'm going to start typing U spells because this is a string. I'm going to put a space and put some curly braces in. And then we're going to call a function called sum. And we're going to sum the score. And what this is going to do is take all the one values inside of our score list and just add them all together. So that's a really neat function there. And I'm just going to put a forward slash. I didn't give it a space. Space after that we're going to go more curly braces. And then we're going to call length of words. Because we want to find what the total number of words were. So we're going to take the score that we got out of the words in that list. And that's how we can print the result. These curly braces allows to put some dynamic values in there such as calculating the score or putting in the length of the words. There's a few other ways to do this. I'll put a link down description for you to go and check out. Okay, we've just about got a game here albeit in its rudimentary form. Let's run the program here and to get things rolling. What we need to do is call start spelling. When we call start spelling we're going to read the lines in the file and we're going to start iterating over the words in that list. So here we go. Dash is our first word. Here's our sentence. Should you try and make a dash for the car?  Well, we haven't heard yet but this is the prompt for us to spell that word. Correct. Great. We get that feedback. Next word is bath. Take a nice warm bath and relax for a while. Now you notice a bit of a problem here because we can just look at the word that's on the screen. So we need to also clear the console to be able to do that. Let's just scroll up above the start spelling function here and create a new function. And we're going to call it clear console. We're not going to pass that anything. I'm not going to explain this function in great detail because I googled it myself. We are going to call OS here. So I need to import a module just in a second called system. We're going to call the function that system and inside of here. We're going to return the value CLS. If the OS dot name is equal to NT else, we're going to clear and you can see we've got a little red squiggly line under that we need to scroll to the top do that now. And now we need to import OS for operating system. Now let's scroll back down and you can see our red squiggly line has gone. So now all we need to do is call clear console. We don't have to write this gnarly long line all the time. And when do we need to do that? Well, we probably want to clear the console after we've said the sentence. So let's go up to check sentence or say sentence here. And here we've got sleep. So probably the best time to do it is just before we ask the user to spell the word. So let's do it then. Let's clear the console and we ask the user to spell the word. Let's run the program and then we can call start spelling. There we get we have dash. Should you try and make a dash for the car? And look, it clears it. So that's great. We can put in the word dash and correct. Okay, so I'm just going to go through and play this game until we get the result down in the bottom here. So I will magic all of that. Okay, I'm here on the last word lunch and I'm going to type that in. Boom, correct. And you spell 10 out of 10. I also noticed a slight little bug as well. I wouldn't call it a bug, but as soon as we get the result we check the result. It says the word too quickly. So I think that we should probably add a sleep in here as well to check result. Just get a little bit of feedback on the screen. Let's just sleep for a second. Okay, and that's pretty much our spelling game. All that's left for us to do is to add in the text to speech engine. We can't actually run that program here in replete which is why we've left it to the end. But we're going to code it in here first and then I'm going to show you how to run it on your local machine because you will need to install Python locally. So we've got two more videos left in this series. You've done an incredible job. If you've come all this way, you've really started to understand some core concepts of Python. So keep at it. You're nearly there. We've got a couple of videos left. I can't wait to round up this series with you. But until next time, I'm off to go find a wave and I'll catch you in the next one.


So we hear the ZED. Hello. Hello, I'm David. I've come from DD and this you're selling the new VR all-in-one solution With a rock chip CPU and this is a solution right here. Yeah, this is VR Yeah, it's a VR. So there's a battery the battery and there's a rock chip 3126 Yes, you want to six and one GB one GB. Yeah, and a 720p five-inch display. Yeah And this solution it can go in in here Right here There's a 720p. This is a low-cost $45 only yeah only $45 for all-in-one VR 720p quad core arm cortex a7 and There's a two different color is the same inside the same PCB And then we have on this side. This is a rock chip Rock chip 3288 3288 solution right here and this has a display What you're showing right here and all the light is a logo light logo light light just Button keep all the button and also the keyboard button and the Wi-Fi antenna Wi-Fi antenna also some buttons right here. Yeah, keep all the This is the solution and it goes in here and this is $105. Yeah 105 for this whole solution you have Including the lens Different different types of lens All right So how big is this market? One hand one month about The So right now you're selling 20,000 every month, but it's growing right? Yeah, it's growing fast fast Yeah, so maybe this Christmas will be one million. Yeah next year. Yeah, you next year. Maybe one billion millions Yeah, all right. Let's see your engineer how they work on it. Okay Hey, yeah, hello So there you have the design This is the VR Mechanical design this is this one this one similar another one and you can so This is for two different CPU you have three two eight eight three one six eight Yeah, and three one six eight. It's very low-cost. Yeah GPU is good. I think it's good. It's money money four hundred money four hundred mp2 Yeah Then we go around here For hardware engineer and the debug the LCD and the other performance. All right so It's stable Yeah, it's the smelly Testing all the stuff is this this is the three two eight eight PCBA for the VR. Yeah for the VR The same PCB as before. All right so All these guys working on doing PCB It's a bit out. How about three three nine nine? You also work with the next one. It's three two eight three two we Maybe three two eight three three three three nine nine. Yeah, you next month So we have right here. You know, hello Engineer yeah in here and this is a three three nine three two eight eight. Yeah, three two eight eight With a 1080p display. So what is it doing here? testing Hardware design and hardware test. So who make display a make the play display is a as a Chinese or Taiwan Taiwan in use the use the in the last LCD in your locks and 720 and 1080 what is difference in price is a is a is a 1080 1080 and And 720 is nearly half price. No, yeah five inch and set type one five inch. Yeah. All right So making sure everything works in here There's a lot of things happening should we go over there and see more more guys working with the CPUs Putting them in the PCBs right This software engineer here also software So right there is connecting and doing some tests also tablets Right here. Yeah, hello. Hey doing software is Android Android Android for the VR VR solution All right stable. It's okay Okay, cool here driver. Hey All the PC age. This is VR This is the 3126 very affordable very low-cost SDK Android Hacking right. Let's see some of your for 48 This is 3288 3288 the full part will this is development kit you have it's a driver and display this Cool So, let's check some of the test tester guys All right, so what do you do in here also a software Hey, are you testing this testing Doing so all kinds of a pro is this software guys. Yes. Okay. All right. Hello. Hey Thank you. All right, but so what did they test these girls? What are testing? Performance, right? Okay But maybe not all day like this. It's just sometimes. All right So very much growing and all the customer can contact you. What's the MOQ for $45. How many in the 3k 3k? Yeah, and also the $5 2k 2k. Yeah. All right