Good health to all from Rexall, a space show presented by the makers of Rexall drug products and your Rexall family drugs. Good evening. This is your Rexall family druggist taking a little time from behind the prescription counter this Sunday evening to speak for all 10,000 of us. The 10,000 independent druggist who have added the word Rexall to our own store names. You can always tell us by the orange and blue Rexall sign in our windows. The sign means that we carry the 2,000 or more drug products made by the Rexall drug company. They range all the way from aspirin to penicillin and there is fine and pure and dependable as science can make them. We druggist recommend them to our customers because we know you can depend on any drug product that bears the name Rexall. Good health to all from Rexall. Rexall family druggist brings you the Phil Harris Alice Faye show written by Ray Singer and Dick Chevrolet with Elliott Lewis, Walter Tetley, Robert North, Walter Sharpen his music and starring Alice Faye and Phil Harris. Alice have just finished the weekly rehearsal of their radio show and we find them leaving the studio at NBC. Hey Alice, looks like we got a swell show for next week, huh? Yes, everything sounded great Phil, except your song. Do you think you ought to do that type of number? Well, why not? Ain't nothing wrong with my rendition of trees. Besides, I can't go on just singing it. Hey, hey Alice, look, look at that guy coming toward us. He looks familiar. Where? Oh, that's Mr. Scott, one of the Rexall executives. Mr. Scott? Scott? You mean the guy Frankie and me almost blew up with that chemistry set a few weeks ago? The same. Gee whiz, I never met that guy. You know something, honey? I've been trying to reach him and tell him that I'm sorry, but I don't know, he's never in when I call. Well, here's your chance to meet him and apologize. Okay honey, now look, when he gets up here introduce him to me and give me a big buildup. Send me out. Okay, I will. Hello, Mr. Scott. Oh, how do you do, Miss Faye? My, you look charming today. Thank you.  Oh, thank you. And now may I pr- Did you really like me? Oh, yes, yes indeed. I thought your song was out of this world. Oh, it's nice of you to say that, Mr. Scott. I always like to know that you're happy with what I'm doing. Rexall makes a cough medicine that could help you. As I was saying, Miss Faye, we feel very fortunate in having a star who is both talented and beautiful. I knew he'd get around to me.  How do you do, Mr. Scott? I've waited a long time to meet you. Yes, sir. Quite an occasion. Isn't it, Mr. Scott? Yes. Mr. Scott, I hope you're not mad about what happened with the chemistry set. You know, I didn't mean to almost blow you up with it. I was only just pulling a practical joke around the house. I keep Alice laughing all the time. Don't I, honey? Yes. Gee, Mr. Scott, you still seem a little bit upset. I'll do anything to make it up to you.  Sure, anytime at all. Will you be home this afternoon? If you will excuse me, I have to run along. Mrs. Scott and I are attending an important dinner this evening. We're having trouble finding someone to sit with our baby daughter. Do you happen to know of a babysitter, Miss Faye? Well, around the holiday season, they're rather difficult to get. Nonsense, honey. What are you talking about? Difficult. Mr. Scott wants a babysitter. We'll get one for him. There won't be any trouble at all, Scotty. I... Can I count on that? You can bet your wife on it. Don't worry about it. I guarantee to have a babysitter at your house this evening. Well, thank you, Mr. Harris. Here's my address. Have the sitter at my house by seven. Goodbye. Goodbye, Mr. Scott. Hey, honey. I guess I fixed everything up with Scotty, huh? All I got to do is get him a babysitter and I'm in solid.  Do you realize it's almost impossible to get a sitter at the last moment? Nothing's impossible for a Harris. And you're kidding? Look, let's go home and I'll call up the sitters we know. I'll get him one. I'll have him. Hey, honey. Looks like we're in trouble. I've been on the phone for an hour. I've called every babysitter we know, but they're all busy. Well, have you tried Gloria Randolph? Gloria? Hey, Gloria. I forgot about her. Sure, I'll call her and if she can't come, maybe her husband can. Oh, I'll get the door. You'll find Gloria's number in the bookfield. Okay, honey. Oh, hello, Frankie. Hiya, Curly. Oh, Alice. He's inside. Go on in. I have to get lunch ready. Oh, thanks. I'll have a toaster cheese sandwich, two hard boiled eggs, a cup of coffee. I suggest our 35 cent blue plate, sir. You get to date with that, sir. Anything you say, Alice. I'm going to see Curly. Hiya, Curly. Oh, hello, Frankie. Excuse me. I'm trying to get a girl for tonight. Okay. Trying to get a girl? Hello? Oh, hello, Gloria. Yeah, this is Phil Harris. Hey, tell me, Gloria, are you doing anything tonight? I better shut the door so Alice can't hear this. Oh, you're busy tonight, huh, Gloria? Oh, look, honey. Couldn't you make it for a little old Curly headed me? Please, honey, put sugar on it, please. At his age, too. Oh, well, if he's gone haywire, I'll get my hat and go with him. Hey, Curly, ask her if she's got a girlfriend for me. Frankie, please, will you keep quiet? Girlfriend? Hey, I think that's an idea. Hey, Gloria, have you got a girlfriend that can make it tonight? Oh, they're all busy, huh? Well, can your husband come over? Wait a minute. Well, I'm sorry you can't make it, Gloria. I'll call you some other time. Goodbye. Oh, look, I'm sorry I was busy, Frankie. I was trying to get a babysitter. You cat! How could you babysitter? Certainly. I'm trying to get somebody to stay with Mr. Scott's baby. Scott? Name sounds familiar. It should sound familiar, kid. It should sound very familiar. Why? Well, don't you remember he was the guy that was coming into the garage with Willie the day our chemistry set exploded? Oh, is he still alive? Is Gloria making it? Nah, she's busy, too, honey. Every girl I called is busy, and I know that. Hey, Ramley. What's the matter? Hey, you know a lot of girls. You know one who would be willing to sit with a baby? I might. Well, let's see. Now, remember, Frankie, she has to be refined. Alice, please, that's the only type I associate with. Alice, see, I could get you Babe Zimmerman. Nah, she'll be too tired at the end of the day. Those sand hogs work pretty hard. Hey, maybe I could get you Selma, the masked wonder. The masked wonder? Well, that's just the name she wrestles under. Nah, she might be a little too rough with the kid. Hey, wait. I got just the girl. Birth of the beaver. You think the beave could beat Mr. Scott's house by seven o'clock? Seven o'clock. No, she'll never make it. By the time she gets home and showers and shaves, she shaves. Shaves. Well, yeah, she's the bearded lady in a side show. Here's a guy with a sand hog, a wrestler, and a bearded lady. Hey, Remly, you don't have any two-headed dames on your list, do you? Just one, but she ain't... Never mind. You should be serious, can't you see? This is important to both of us. And it's my chance to get in good with Mr. Scott. I don't have to know any baby suit. Well, I gotta get somebody to sit with his baby girl. You'd better get somebody dependable. Somebody with intelligence who knows how to handle a baby. How much do you have to know to sit with a baby? Anybody with a half a brain can do it. Good morning, Phillip. There ain't an old half-brain himself.  Oh, I'm sorry, Phillip. I have to go back to the Rexall office and d... Babe? You mean you have a date for me? Well, is that you put it that way? Yeah. Well, that's different. What does this babe look like? Ah, she's a cute little honey. She's got curly blonde hair. How's the figure? And big blue eyes. How is her figure? And a cute little turned-up nose that just... Never mind the decorations. How's the tree? Surprise me. Hey, sounds like this boy's been around. Hey, curly, you think he necks? Remly like a giraffe. Hey, when it comes to neck and Willie's had his seconds... You mean moments? Short-winded. Now, Phillip, where do you think my date will want me to take her? Look, Willie, that's just the beauty of it. You won't have to take her any place.  Just the two of you, all alone. Just the two of us, all alone? Kind of frightening, isn't it, Willie? No, no, I'm just wondering how to entertain her. I know. I'll take my cribbage board along. Yes, yes, by all means, Willie. And if that fails to get her in a sociable mood, you can always whip her up a batch of boys and berry muffins. Well, I'd better run along and get dressed for the occasion. Oh, by the way, what will my date be wearing? Oh, one of those off-the-hip triangles.  Your date is a baby and they want you to sit with her. A baby? Well... It certainly is a nasty trick to play on me, Phillip. You can do your own babysitting. Goodbye.  Hey, Alice, why did you have to tell him all about it in spoiler? Now, whom am I gonna get? Hey, how about Julius? The kid will jump in a chance to make a few bucks. No, no, no, Julius can't do it. During the holiday season, he's working nights delivering orders. Of course, one of us could do it. Yeah, but which one? After all, it wouldn't look right for the star of the Rexall program to be a babysitter. That lets me out. Can't you do it, Phil? Well, I have to stay home with the star's children. That only leaves one person. Doesn't that... Frankie. Can't imagine whom you're referring to. Then I'll tell you. You. You who? You Herbert? No, you, Remly. You, Remly? We're related. Will you cut it out, Remly? Wait just a minute.  You mean you'd squeal on me, pal? With no compunction. And I use the word loosely. Frankie, I'll tell you what I'll do. I'll help, though. As soon as the Scots leave, then I'll come over and sit with you. All right, but you'd better be there right after the Scots leave or I'll refuse to write your letter to Santa Claus this year. You'd better get going, Frankie. Phil will join you later. I want him to hear the tune I'm singing next week. Oh, yeah. How my love is burning, burning, burning How my heart is yearning, yearning, yearning to be down Among the sheltering palms, the honey wait for me Among the sheltering palms, the honey Why don't we go where trees are shady Watching the lovely hula ladies We've got a little date we should keep Out where the moon is never asleep Why am I waiting, waiting Why should you be always hesitating to be down Among the sheltering palms, the honey wait Among the sheltering palms, they tell me How would you like to be my honey Hot weather skies are nice and sunny We'll know what pretty moonlight is for We'll see the ocean kiss from the shore I'll be glad for all If you're not then I'll be brokenhearted To be down Among the sheltering palms, the honey wait Well, I could just have to show him Oh, that must be Curly. Come in. Well, here I am, Mr. Belvedere. Sorry I'm late. Well, I get his excuses. I'm always at home with the baby while you're out gallivanting with the boys at the pool. The Scots were satisfied with his babysitter, huh? Doing alright. I told him I was a college boy majoring in child psychology. Told him I always sit with your kid. Yeah. Hey, Frankie. Hmm?  Probably talking about my Curly hair, right? You know something? Look how cute she is. She just keeps smiling all the time. Yeah. Hey, she reminds me of Phyllis when she was that age. She is pretty. You know, Curly, I used to look just like her when I was a baby. Now, you see you've heard her feelings. Now, why didn't you let well enough along? Now, we got to do something to entertain her. Quiet, baby. Will you please, honey? Now, just be quiet a minute, oh. Let me see. What do you do to make a sponsor's baby happy? Read her a commercial. Hey, look, Reverend, I got a better idea. Hey, listen to this idea. I'll take off her booties and tickle her orange and blue toes. Now, maybe you better tell her a bedtime story. Oh, a bedtime story? Hey, baby, now wait a minute, baby. Baby, now quiet a minute, honey. I got a story that you're going to like. Gee, this is a good one. Once upon a time in a land called Rexall, there lived 10,000 independent druggists. Now, they were all happily married, and each one had 2,000 of the cutest little drug products that you ever saw. Hey, Frankie. Hey, she likes it. Hey, Frankie. Remly, wake up. Now, look, you got her started again. Hey, Remly, I think she shouldn't be crying like this. There must be something wrong with her, baby. Holy smoke. What time is it, Curly? 8.30. Why? Well, I'm supposed to feed her at 8. Mrs. Scott left her formula in the refrigerator. Well, for goodness sakes, let's get it. I'll carry the baby. Baby, come on. Now, now, come on. Upsie Daisy. Daddy, because mommy's had a bitty baby, Kansas is going for a wet or twerp into the kitchen to get your teeny-weensy bottle. Oh, for crying out loud. How sickening can a man get? This is the refrigerator. Oh, this must be it. Mrs. Scott said she just made one bottle.  Now, we only had one bottle, and you had to drop it. What are we going to do now? How are we going to feed the baby? Put her on the floor.  Will you listen to me? This is no joke. It's important for a baby to have its formula. Well, you had babies. Mix up another batch for the kids. I never made the stuff. I don't know what goes in it. Alice always made it. Hey, that's it, Alice. Hey, I'll call her and she'll tell us how to make the formula. I'll be right back. Phil, I'd rather not tell you how to make the formula over the phone. It's complicated, and you might get it wrong. I'll write down the ingredients and how to mix them and send it over to you. No. No Julius is here delivering an order. He'll bring it over. Goodbye. Oh, that Phil. He gets into the darned of scrapes. What's all Southern fried up to today? Look, I want you to do me a favor. Now, look, if you take these directions over to Mr. Harris at this address, it's very important. I don't lose it, huh? No, don't worry. I'll put it right here in my pocket. Oh, that reminds me. I've got something else in my pocket. My mother said I should give you this recipe for a bread stuffing for your Christmas tyke. Oh, thanks, Julius, but Mr. Harris prefers oyster stuffing. Now, look, Julius, it's important that Mr. Harris gets these directions as soon as possible. Fair enough for her, lady. For you, I shall see that this message gets through. I'll swim the deepest river. But Julius, you only have to go to Beverly Hills. All right. He'll be here soon. In the meantime, we better do something to take our mind off food. Look, Remily, we got to amuse her. Hey, I got it. I'm going to put on our hands and knees and make believe we're a couple of horses. That'll do it. Of course I got to be yet. All right, I'll get down to my hands and knees.  Hey, look. Hey, she likes it. Hey, look, baby, we're horses. Just pretending we're horses were trying to amuse the baby. Oh! Now, have you got those directions Mrs. Harris gave you? Yeah, yeah, I got them right here in my pocket. Let's see. Stop stalling. Will you give them to me? Yeah. Never mind that kid. Let's get the baby's formula made. Give me the paper with Alice's instructions. I'll read it to you while you mix the stuff together. Okay. Wait a minute. What does it say we need first? Let me see. First, get a large bowl. Got it. Now what? Put two loaves of stale white bread in it. I don't sound right to me. Me neither. This kid's a rich baby. He lets you his fresh bread. That sounds better. Uh-oh. He got no white bread. Got any pumpernickel? All he got is bagels. What are those in? Okay. Okay, you got them in. What else does Alice say? Add one tablespoon of garlic, one tablespoon of red pepper and half a cup of fat drippings. Fat drippings? What's that? Curly, don't you know anything? That's the stuff you get. It comes in small. It's kind of like... You just catch it. It seems like my kids used to get the pablum. These are modern methods. Scientific. Alice ought to know what she's doing. Okay, let's go ahead. What else does she say we need? Some poultry seasoning parsley and an onion. An onion? Oh, chopped fine. Oh. Chopped fine. That must be to make her strong. Okay, what's next? In a separate pan, heat your heart, liver and gizzard. Okay, wait a minute. Who's heart, liver and gizzard? All right, don't say. Let's be on a safe side and skip that. Mix up what you got there. Oh, curly. Mix it faster than that. I can't. The bagels are slowing me down. Hey, Remly, this stuff don't look right. Don't look like that stuff Mrs. Scott had in that bottle. That was liquid. This mess is thick and gooey. Yeah, it is. I wonder if Alice forgot to mark down some... Oh. Ah, it's my fault. I skipped one of the ingredients. Yeah? Says add one cup of red wine. Oh. Says add one cup of red wine. For a baby? That must be for the holiday season. Okay, I'll mix it in. Yeah, that's ended up a little. That's better. Good color. I don't know, Remly. Somehow this stuff still doesn't look like... It just don't look right to me. If Alice says we should give it to the baby, it must be all right. Just put it in a bottle and give it to her. Oh, it's Mr. Scott. He sent me home to check up. He was worried about the baby and wanted... Oh, Mr. Harris, what are you doing here? Oh, hello, Mr. Scott. I just dropped in to see if everything was going according to schedule. Everything was okay. Oh, that's very nice of you, Harris. Oh, Sonny, I hope you fed the baby on time. See, you mixed a little something in this bowl for yourself. What is it? Boiled tripe? No. See, Mr. Scott, the baby dropped her bottle and this is a new batch of formula we mixed up. This is a formula? Yeah, Alice told us how to make it. Do you mind if I taste it before you give it to the baby? No, go ahead, you'll find it very delicious. You'll soon see. Let's take a spoonful. Hey, Remi. Hey, Remi, look at this rope coming out of these ears. Pull up the ceiling. Here we are. Over here. That's the bowl. No, right here. Taste, Mr. Scott. I wanted to give this molten lava to my baby.  But, Mr. Scott! Biteable sword, ain't it? Can't only play if we get kind of excited. That formula we made for that baby sure must have been powerful stuff. Did you see the way he lifted his lid? Boo! I can't understand it. Alice's formula must be the same stuff she gave your kids. Certainly. My kids? Frankie, come on, let's get home fast. Wait till I get a hold of that owl. The wine's been going. Alice and Phil will be back in just a moment. Meanwhile, listen to an interesting conversation. You've dragged me three bucks out of our way to get to this drugstore, Helen. Now, tell me why? Because this is a Rexall drugstore. The only place where you can get Rexall drug products. Is that what that orange and blue Rexall sign in the window means? Exactly. I don't get it. Walking three bucks out of the way... Oh, Mr. Drugist. Yes, ma'am. I mean, to my friend here, why so many people prefer Rexall drug products? Well, seeing you two standing there in your winter coats reminds me of one reason. Do you know that Rexall drug products are tested to fit various climates? What on earth do you mean? Rexall scientists create artificial weather that matches the various climates where Rexall drug products are sold. And then, for anywhere from a few months to a year, they test both the products and the packages to see if they are affected in any way. Yes, that's just one of the careful scientific tests. For all of the 2,000 or more drug products, this is NBC, the national broadcasting company.


This paper reviews six machine learning algorithms used for land use slash land cover, LULC, classification. The random forest, RF, algorithm was found to be the most accurate, with a CAPA coefficient of 0.89. This result is supported by the receiver operating characteristic ROCE, curve, index-based validation and root mean square error, RMSE. Additionally, the RF algorithm had the highest correlation with normalized differential vegetation index NDVI, normalized differential built-up index NDVI, and normalized differential water index NDWI. These results suggest that the RF algorithm is the most suitable for LULC classification. This article was authored by Swapantalitar, Pankaj Singha, Sussata Mahato, and others.


The study found that CFAM210A, a circular RNA derived from the third exon of transcript NM underscore 001098801 of the FAM210A gene, CIRC base ID, HSA underscore CIRC underscore 003979, can be silenced by HBX and is down-regulated in patients with HBV-related HCC. CFAM210A reduces the proliferation, stenderness, and tumorogenicity of HCC cells by inducing the degradation of CFAM210A via the YTHDF2 HRSP12 RNAs PMRP pathway and inhibiting the phosphorylation of YBX1. These findings suggest that circular RNAs play an important role in HBX-induced hepatocasinogenesis and identify CFAM210A as a potential target for the prevention and treatment of HBV-related HCC. This article was offered by GNU, Wenli, Guojianhu, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.


If you are already familiar with the journalist proof, then I strongly recommend you to listen here in this session, the Designing Public Goods Using ZKPs, which is running by Rachel, who is a super designer of the International Foundation's PSC team. She has designed a lot. She has designed in three years at the team and designed a lot of ZKP-related user experiences and user interfaces. So it might be very, very inspiring. Yeah, so let's start with thinking about where the ZKPs are mostly used. So we use zero knowledge proof when you want to prove a fact, but you don't want to share the information. I want to give you an example about more detail. So let's think about some example at immigration at the airport. Let's assume that I'm an immigration officer here and there's an entrant here. When you go to the airport, the immigration officer says, where are you from? Then I say, like, I'm from Korea and from Korea. Then the immigration officer says, like, North or South? I definitely say, I'm from South. But unfortunately, this immigration officer doesn't trust me that much. So he says, like, huh, my really think you look like from North. Give me your passport. This poor Korean guy wants to keep the freedom to keep my personal information. So I say, like, oh, there's my personal information. I don't want to keep my passport. Then, OK, what happens? They just kick him out, kick him out. In this situation, what should I have to do here? What should I do? What can I do here? Yeah, actually, I can show some passport number. I can show my nationality or passport card on the cover. But if we give a zero knowledge proof that I can prove that I'm a part of the South Korean, yeah. This is just an example, which can be really happened in the future. Let's think about what happens here. So we can call the immigration officer here as the verifier, the entrant, the poor South Korean, as the prover. Then the prover prepares the witness using my passport, which means, witness means I have some passport number here and I have my email and my number in Korea, something like that, a birthday, et cetera. And then generates a ZK proof and give it to the verifier, which means the immigration officer here. Then the verifier, the officer says, OK, I'm going to verify this proof using the existing database we have. Actually, this is pretty possible. And we're going to take a look at the details later about how we can prove the membership of that I'm a part of the South Korean people. Let's see what is witness and what is information we have to share here. So there are some information you can see here. And maybe there is a passport number that I don't want to share with the immigration officer. Actually, it totally doesn't make sense. So I recall these values as private inputs. But I'm going to just say I'm a part of the South Korean, so I just opened my nationality. This is the public input. And to prove that I'm a part of the people, I just culturally some mathematical values using the inputs there. So we call these intermediate values, including all the private inputs and the public inputs as witness here. And this is just a basic model of how zero knowledge proving system works. So we have private inputs and we have public inputs. And also, we have the circuit here. The circuit is about the relations. What was the relations here in the immigration situation? It's like I don't reveal my passport number, but my passport number is definitely a part of the registered existing database of the Korean people's passport number. So it's kind of a membership proof. There's a database. And I don't want to share my information, but this definitely exists in the database. So this relation is the circuit here. And using all the private inputs and public inputs and circuits, the prover makes a zero knowledge proof. And then the verifier verifies this zero knowledge proof using the circuit, using the same circuit, using the given circuit to verify that I am a part of the Korean people. OK, then let's think about how and why it works. Yeah, to start with it, I think I should explain about what is ZK-Synaric. Actually, maybe I think some of people here in this room might be pretty familiar with what is ZK-Synaric. And some of us are not familiar with this. So I'm going to explain pretty in detail. So sometimes it's not four or five years old, I think. So please understand. I'm going to start with the classic example. Maybe many of you heard about, when you just search Google what is ZK-P, then you might see some example of Alibaba there. Then here's an example that here's a very extremely smart rhino. And he's arguing that he knows the magic phrase of the Alibaba cave. Can you trust him? Can you believe it? It's pretty hard to believe, isn't it? So we are the very fire. And by the way, this argument that this rhino is doing is called the argument of knowledge. Because this rhino is arguing that he knows the magic phrase. This is called the argument of knowledge. By the way, because this is pretty hard to believe, the very fire comes up with an idea and says to the rhino that, OK, go to the cave and wait for me there. Then rhino goes to the cave. So you can see how the Alibaba cave looks like here. So there is a gate at the between of the two gates. Then if the rhino really knows the magic phrase, is there anyone who knows the magic phrase here? So if rhino can say the open sesame magic phrase, then rhino can just enter through the gate because it'll get up in there. So rhino gets into the cave. So maybe it just depends on his choice. He can go into the left gate or he can go to the right gate there. And the very fire comes here and says like, hey, try to come out from the right gate. Then to come out from the right gate, rhino goes to the door and says the open sesame and open the door and should come out from the right gate. Then we can think like, oh, I think rhino really knows the magic phrase. Maybe some of us realize there is some problem here. Yeah, so we're going to ask about the left gate situation. In this case, actually rhino just went to the left gate at first. Then the very fire has come out from the left gate and actually it doesn't need to say the magic phrase there. So actually, you can think like this is very probabilistic. This case is called false positive. So the probability of the false positive here is 50%. Then how about if we repeat this process, as you said, 10 times here? Then the probability of the false positive becomes less than 0.1%. We can just repeat this like 1,000 times. Then we can think, OK, there might be the probability of the false positive is extremely low. Then we call this as the soundness. So soundness is a pretty important concept in ZK Snorriq. And I'm going to tell you about why it is important to gain later. The verifier asks and the rhino answers here. And actually, the set of rhino's answers is the ZKP. How can we compute the size of the ZKP here? It definitely depends on the repetition number. So if the proof size is very big, then do we have the soundness there? Yes, we have the soundness there. If the proof size is too small, we cannot have the soundness. The false positive is the probability of the false positive is too high. So the proof size is pretty important here. But imagine if we do this 1,000 times at immigration. So immigration says, OK, just tell me you'll measure something. OK, actually, it totally doesn't make sense. So we need the non-interactive system here. Any idea how to make the non-interactive system? OK, let's go back to the rhino case. In this case, this verifier tried to make the random question every time. But what if we generate some random set of questions before this proving happens, just like this? Left, left, right, left, right, left. What is the problem here? Yeah, right. Rhino can turn us just using the value. So we need to homomorphically increase those values. Actually, today we're not going to deal with the homomorphic concept here. But we should encrypt this in a verifiable way. By the before we go to the next slide, I just want to say here, this is called command reference string because verifier already made this for the prover. So this string is shared between the prover and the verifier. So commonly shared string, which can be the reference for the proving system. So this is called command reference string. By the way, because we need to encrypt those values, I'm going to encrypt this in Korean. Maybe there might be a little people who can read this word. But actually, this is saying about go left and go right. And if you go left and go right twice, something else. So let's assume there is something that can interpret this encrypted command reference string. So actually, interpret is not a good explanation here. In more detail, let me assume that the five years old key understand hash function here. We are just adding a salt and hashing the value and make a modular there. So it's kind of a deterministic random stuff. So the rhino never can cheat on that if this rhino doesn't know the original reference string. By the way, these encrypted command reference strings are not enough to be used publicly. Because this is OK when only we want to verify this rhino is smart. What we want to build is some protocol that can be used publicly, widely, for everyone. So for example, we have a system that we can transfer some if using ZK proof. Then the ZK proof will include some information that I have enough balance. And I can generate some signature. And every information will be in the ZK proof. But if you can cheat on that, I just can move a lot if to my account without the correct information, without the signature. This is really important to make anyone, no one knows the original reference string. Yes, this is called the trusses setup. To achieve this, we have to do the trusses setup. Let me explain this one by one. Actually, this is how a ZKP system works with. I mean, the ZK snark works with the common reference string. So there is a common reference string made by the trusses setup is shared with the prover and the verifier. And the prover and verifier both does not know the seed original reference string here. And then prover picks a random salt and share it with the verifier. And then also, once the prover picks a salt, the prover can drive a set of questions because there is a reference string. Actually, the verifier, at first, in the interactive system, verifier just gave the question to the writer. But in this case, writer can generate the questions by himself. And also, the verifier can drive the answers, write answers, without knowing the exact questions. If the verifier using the homomorphic feature, homomorphic characteristic of the reference string. It can be a little bit tricky, but this is also a pretty important thing. So I want to explain some multiparty computation thing here. Actually, this is pretty technical, but not that difficult, actually. Please, by the way, let me say why I'm explaining this multiparty computation here. It's like, do you guys know how the trusses setup works? Why you need to join the ceremony that is shared today's opening ceremony? So I just want to share how it works and why you need to join the KJJ trusses set of ceremony here. So let's go through. Actually, this is pretty for 15 years old kid, but let's go. There is a homomorphic hiding. G to the A is kind of a, we can make some encrypted value using number A. So actually, that is a signature of the homomorphic hiding H. But just think about that just as a hash function. So to think about G to the A is something related to the hash of A. Actually, it's kind of a homomorphic hiding of A, but then there is a characteristic that we can compute the G to the A using number A pretty easily. But in contrast, it is extremely difficult to compute A from G to the A. Actually, this is called the logarithmic discrete assumption here. But let's skip here. And also, if we have a G to the A and B, we can also compute the G to the A, B pretty easily. This is just some key features of the homomorphic hiding using the electrical cryptography. And let's see how the trusses setup works. So truss setup is creating a common reference string and without anyone knows the original reference string. So at first, Alice joined the ceremony and takes the set of the questions. The set of questions here is A, B, C, D, E here. All the A and B and C, the N, D, and E are numbers in a finite field, just the numbers. There are numbers. And then we compute, actually, we did some encryption thing here. You remember? So left, left, right, left, right, left is A, B, C, D, E. And this is something already encrypted value. G to the A, G to the B, G to the C is something. So we can compute G to the A, G to the B, C, and G to the E there. And Alice shares these G to the A and G to the E values publicly to the people. Then Bob joins this ceremony. In this case, Alice may discard the ABCDE value if Alice is innocent. But if Alice is not innocent, maybe she just stored the ABCDE value in her computer. By the way, Alice didn't share the ABCDE value with Bob yet. Then Bob also picks a set of questions again here. That is FGHIJ. And then we're going to create a new reference string using G to the A to the G to the E and the FGHIJ only. Because we can compute G to the AF using G to the A and F together. Bob can generate G to the AF, G to the BG, G to the CH without knowing the ABCDE value here. Carl does the same thing here. OK, then if any one of these three participants discarded and destroyed the randomly picked question values, then maybe anyone might know the original reference string here, AFK, BGL, CHM, and et cetera. Because to know AFK, you need all those values, A and F and K. So it means to just recover its original value, you need all the secrets from the old participant of the ceremony. So it makes if any one of the participants to discard it and destroy the value, then all we are safe. The best way to use this common reference string is actually not to trust anyone. It means just go to the trusted set of ceremony and discard your seed there. Then you will be safe, at least, by yourself if you just keep discarding and destroyed. Don't trust anyone. Just trust, actually, don't trust yourself, too. Just go to the trusted set of ceremony. This is the page that shared today's opening ceremony. So you can just go to ceremony.etherum.org. Then you can join the ceremony. And actually, you just saw that these should be conducted in a sequential manner. Because Ali should do something and share, and then Bob does something. So there might be some queue, but please don't lose your faith. Please don't trust anyone. So go into the queue, and let's join the ceremony together. OK, great. Then now I think I've explained almost every important concept of ZK-SNARK. Then let's rebuild why this is called ZK-SNARK using the concepts we just explored today. So ZK-SNARK is zero-knowledge, succinct, non-interactive argument of knowledge. First, zero-knowledge means just hiding some information. You remember that I just wanted to hide my passport number here, but just wanted to prove something. So this is called just zero-knowledge. If you want to hide some value, that can be called zero-knowledge. And to talk about succinct, actually, we have to talk about the soundness. Remember, if you repeat only 10 times, the proof will be pretty small. But if we repeat the answering like 10,000 times, the proof size will be larger. It's pretty important to keep the proof succinct while we keep the soundness. So we need to find the gray balance there. So succinct is used here because of the soundness thing. The non-interactive thing. We can do that at 1,000 times the immigration office. So we should have a non-interactive system. And for the non-interactive system, we should do some common reference string. And because of that, we need to do the trusted setup stuff. Oh, we did all these things to prove argument of knowledge from this rhino. So this is called ZKSNARC, general succinct, non-interactive argument of knowledge. So does everyone understand now? Great, I am pretty happy now. OK, so we're going to go through the applied ZKP stuff. So where can I use ZKP? Mostly people think I can hide something. Then it can be used for the privacy, definitely. So the usages are mainly the privacy and scaling. And there are a lot of undiscovered usages. So let's go to the privacy thing first. Yeah, and actually, we already go through some difficult concepts like multipartic computation, homomorphic hiding, and logarithm discrete assumption stuff. So let me ask you again that I already know such function in MergeProof. And please, let's remind how the ZK Proving System works here, gain. We have a circuit that represent the relations between witness, including the public inputs and private inputs. And the prover creates a ZKP and the verifier will verify the proof using the circuit together. And in the Merkle Tree, what we want to do here is proving that there exists a leaf in the Merkle Tree without revealing any information about the leaf and the sibling information, which can reveal the path of the leaf, which can be kind of a reference. And here, I'm going to share the Merkle Root information between both the verifier and the prover. So this is where do we use this thing at the immigration office? Yeah. So this is proof I'm a member of this group, but I don't want to reveal my identity here. So this is the reason why we do this is Merkle Proof using ZKP. Actually, we can compute the Merkle Root using sibling values. And the sibling values also should be private inputs, because if they are revealed, then they can be some hint for about the leaf. And then to generate the Merkle Proof, we need to compute the intermediate nodes here. You need to compute the branch node of the Merkle Tree when you compute the Merkle Proof. And these intermediate values are the witness. Actually, witness also includes the private and public older values, but I'm going to say this is a witness. And also, this is the relation of the witness. So let's see the first relation. Node 1 is hash of sibling 1 and leaf 1. And node 2 is hash of the node 1 and sibling 2. Node 3 is the hash of node 2 and sibling 3. And finally, the computed node 3 should equal to the root value here. This is a relation that we want to prove using the witness, while we are not revealing the private information here. OK, so we just put these values like this. So there is a circle circuit. The logic is blue color, and the private inputs are the green color, and public inputs are the red color here. Then we can generate ZK Proof, and the verifier can prove that, OK, you don't need to reveal the private inputs, but I have the information about this group, which is the root value, the public input, red thing. And also, there is a relation logic between the witness. Here, that is the Merkle Proof. And this members proof thing also can be used for various usages. Actually, first of all, the privacy protocol, definitely. And for the privacy protocol, we have the very good example for the identity. We are having the semaphore protocol, which is just the name of a membership proof protocol that keeps your identity private, but let you vote on some agenda in an anonymous manner. And also, we can have some private transaction stuff, ZCash. And also, Aztec's ZK Money, and Polygonite Ball, and PS Team ZK Proof, and Tolerant Cache. They are all implementing the same logic with this members proof system. And also, this members proof system can be implemented in various ways. Definitely, the first way is the method that I shared here, the Merkle Proof thing. And actually, recently, people are exploring another methodology using the vector commitment, which can let us express a set of values using a polynomial. So if you are interested in, you can just Google this cog and take a deep look at that. By the way, we have 10 more minutes. So I'm going to use 10 more minutes, all the 10 minutes. The next example is the scaling. You guys are pretty familiar with the word, roll up, right? Actually, the roll up started, I guess, it started from 2018 by Barry, our PSC Team's leader. And roll up started from the ZK roll up. And I'm going to explain what is the basic form of ZK roll up here. So the first block is just a normal Ethereum block. Let's assume that this is a normal Ethereum block. Then there should be some transactions. Transaction 1, transition 2. And for each transaction, every account, external owned account, should generate the ECDSA signature, right? So every transaction has its matching signature there. And finally, we compute the block hash using some other values there. But how if we make these signatures as private input? What happens here? We can just remove the private inputs and we can replace that using its ZKP. This is just what ZK roll up is. And here are two advantages. What are the two advantages here? Yeah, definitely the data usage and the another one. Because if we just compress all the signatures, then we don't need to verify all the electrical signatures. So let's assume that if we have 10,000 of signatures, then the zero launch proof can be much less than the 10,000 of the signatures. So we can reduce the data size a lot. And also, we can skip the computation just using the cryptographical verifying system. So we have a two advantage here, the scaling of the computation and the scaling of the data usage. So yeah, so this is the reason why we are using ZK for scaling solutions. And actually, there is a tutorial that you can implement the simple ZK roll up by yourself. So if you want to just deep dive into how it really works, then you can just go to there and go to the tutorial. It'll be very helpful for you to understand how it works. And for the next, I'm going to share another fun examples. Macy and rate limiting lollifier. Macy stands for minimal anti-collusion infrastructure, which means actually, have you tried the CLR fund before using Bitcoin fund, quadratic fund? So quadratic fund in quadratic fund is very useful to buy the vote. Because the number of the participants is much important than the amount of the votes in quadratic voting. So buying the vote is pretty useful. Then how can we prevent vote-buying attack? Collecting all the votes first, and then the coordinator mix it and generate a new state tree. Then the voter cannot prove that I voted to this one. Then we can just prevent the vote-buying attack. So we can also use ZKP here, that the coordinator mixed the result without just modifying them correctly using zero knowledge proof. So we are also doing the CLR fund for DAF CON. So you can go to the 8th Columbia, the CLR fund, to participate in the new round, quadratic funding round. And another really fun example is the rate-limiting nullifier. This is pretty novel, and maybe it is pretty hard to think about this concept from ZKP, because we are just thinking about only the privacy or scaling. Then let's see what it is. So there is a polynomial, a one degree polynomial. So it is y equals ax plus b. And actually, this polynomial is a polynomial that I just chose. And actually, the value b is my secret key of Ethereum. Then OK, then I can share you some point on this line. But if I share you more than two points, what happens? You can just compute this polynomial, right? Because you have two points, and this is one degree. So you can just know the a and b. Then you can know my secret key. So my secret gets revealed. So rate-limiting nullifier is using this. Actually, this protocol is Charmere's secret sharing protocol. Limiting nullifier is using this to prevent spam attack.  So if I just send you too many messages, then actually you can just recover my polynomial and just get all my it from the account, right? But here, we have to use ZKP, that all these shared points are on the polynomial. This is only the relation. Pretty simple, right? Then we can use this for spam protection protocol. We are doing a lot of experiments using this rate-limiting nullifier concept for the consensus layer and also the peer-to-peer networking. OK, so this is the last. So from five years old key to a student, I want to recommend this curriculum. The first one is just write a ZKP application using the tutorial thing I shared for the ZKRollup. Then it will help you understand how ZKP works and how the proving system works there. And then you need to study and learn about the first abstract algebra, because in the proving system, we are using a specific set of numbers. And we need to understand how these numbers works and how the homomorphic hiding works. To understand this, actually you need to understand the abstract algebra and the group theory thing. After that, please study and learn about the electric curve cryptography first. And then after that, please study about the pairing-based cryptography. Then maybe some of you guys have heard about Planck and KGD and inner-product argument stuff.  So after you study these three things, then please study about the Planck, which is arithmetization, which means converting your program into a polynomial. Then after that, just go through the polynomial commitment schemes, which is like how to make the questions and how to make the answers while we have done using the Alibaba case with the rightness. Actually, the arithmetization is pretty related to the polynomial commitment scheme. So you're going to study with some R-N-C-S arithmetization with grad 16. And you're going to study Planck arithmetization with KGD or inner-product argument. Thank you, everyone. I'm Wansub from Interim Foundation, PSC team. And I hope this session helped you a lot. Thank you so much.


Thankfully, it's November and Appalachian Wireless is offering the Samsung GS8 or the GS8 Plus for $100 off the regular price with two-year agreement. Better service, bigger savings. That's today's Appalachian Wireless at East Kentucky Network Company. We are just around the corner from that time of year many children are waiting for when they get to personally deliver their Christmas wish to the jolly old elf himself. For anyone to see Santa, it's a special time of year and everyone deserves to But one group in Pikeville realizes there are families in our region who miss out on pictures with Santa. There are some parents that are sitting at home that don't get that experience. They don't get to dress their childhood like that. They don't because they know that it's going to be horrible for them to try to do it just because of loud crowds and stuff. And why would you want to put your child through that? Bobby Moore has nearly 20 years experience dressing up as Santa, but this year he's reaching out to families who have children with special needs who can't tolerate the hustle and bustle of most Christmas events. With this event what we do is we dim the lights. So there's not the bright lights that you usually have with a mall Santa. You have low, either low volume music or no music whatsoever. This Christmas season, Sensitive Santa and his group of helpers are working with local businesses to host free events that allow these families to experience Santa Claus and they say they'll do whatever it takes to bring a smile to their faces. Yeah if we need to just walk over to them and stand beside of them or get down in the floor or do flip flops, flip flops, whatever, whatever puts them at ease, whatever makes them comfortable. Each family with a child, this sibling's parent, they get 10 minutes of just them and Santa. That's it. Some of these families that have messaged us so far have never got pictures of their child with Santa. For more information on upcoming events where you can book your child's appointment with Sensitive Santa, go to the Sensitive Santa of Pikeville page on Facebook. Every child deserves that smile that they get from seeing Santa and that's what we're hoping we can do with these kids that have never got that chance. In Pikeville, I'm Shannon Deskins, EKB News.


Roedd y bydd yn gweithio drafod y cyffredinol yn cyfnod o'r gwaith fflau'r gweithio'r bwysig o feddwl ar gyfer y cyffredinol, a'r gweithio'r gyffredinol. Mae'r cyffredinol o'r cyffredinol efo'r gwaith yw'r pwysig yn ei gweithio'r gweithio'r gwaith. Yn Nghyrch, y cyffredinol yw'r cyffredinol yma, oedd y cyffredinol ar gyfer y cyffredinol. Well, the big question is how safe are these children if they go into classrooms? Well, joining us to discuss this is educationist and co-founder of trustee education reform innovation team, Bologi Osime, and educational consultant Ikeichi Wogu. Thank you very much, gentlemen and lady for joining us. Thank you. Great. Interesting. I'm going to start with you, Bologi. I remember that we had a conversation about out of school children in 2019. Vividly, I remember. We were in this studio. It was the eve of elections or if I'm not mistaken election day in 2019. And we were still talking about the same thing. Fast forward to 2021. We're still talking about the same thing. And this time, not just about getting kids into classrooms. We're talking about how safe these classrooms can be from destruction, especially at a time when Nigeria is facing its toughest experience with insecurity. So my first big question is how did we even get here? Because now you're advocating on two fronts. In terms of getting here, you know, sometimes I wonder, because this is, as far as I'm concerned, education is a fundamental human right and it's enshrined in the constitution that every child in Nigeria must have education. It must be free and it must be compulsory. So the question is how did we get here in the first place? Because this is something enshrined in that constitution. This is something that is the law by the 2003 Child's Act to protect children that every child must have basic education. So the question is, why is this not being enforced? Why would we have children of about 10 million out of school? How are we having the challenges we're having in the first place? Because if we understand how important education is in this country and the fact that we must build a human capital in order to be able to empower and to ensure we harness our resources, that will not take this lightly. So that's a million dollar question. How did we get here and what are we going to do about it? Because I think we're just talking about it. We're talking about it. We've been talking about it forever. We see that 10 million, it's 30 million. What are we going to do about it?  That's the future of Nigeria. So as far as we're concerned, something has to happen and it has to happen fast. Ikeiji, just picking up from where she just dropped it. This is the future of this country. And if we have millions of them out of school, we're still having to deal with the fact that we haven't even scratched the surface of our MDG goals for the United Nations in terms of education, we're still having to grapple with that. Now, how do you even convince a parent to let their child go to school when it's literally not even safe to be in one? The bigger challenge to me is lack of internationality in almost anything that we do as a nation. Nigeria seems to be a nation that is driven very critically by happenstance and that's where the bigger challenge is for me because it's like insecurity just happens. It's like the out of school concern just happens. So a lot of parents give back to children without a plan, without a future but it has become kind of like a thing in Nigeria. So we're bringing a nation of children who are out of school not because they ought to be out of school but because the parents don't even plan for them. So you have some state governments in the least that have come up with free education but even where education is free, how well enforced is it that children within the school age, lifestyle, seasons will need to go to school if not really enforced. So even where some states, I know back in the day like Yriva State, they made it compulsory and there were law enforcement agents going about trying to insist that children should be sent to school but some of these children were no longer living with their parents, they were living with nannies, they were living with uncles, with aunties and these ones will subject them to child labour. So the bigger challenge to me is that some of the parents have not even embraced the need for schooling for these school age children because they really don't see the case for education. So before you even talk about insecurity, before you talk about other concerns, they feel these children should come help them out in the farms, they feel these children should help them sell goods and wares on the streets, these children should engage in another kind of schooling like in the East. Okay, they have a different kind of schooling arrangement where some school age children are required to go help some uncle in his shops, in electronic shops, in his bookstore and all that. It's another kind of empowerment but it's not the formal kind of education that we're looking at. So when from the family front, education is not embraced as the real deal and then government seems to be a little casual about their dealings, not just on education but in every other area. But it becomes a big challenge to say, I as a parent must get my child to school. So it becomes like, okay, I am serious, I am intentional about getting my children to school, but what about you? What about the other man out there? It's not something we are doing as a national concern. We're not even calculating the impact of all of this in the next couple of years. Let's look at the future where these children should be the leaders of Nigeria and then they are now mostly illiterate or in some cases drop out from school. Then you ask the question which way Nigeria, it becomes really scary for our future. Mrs Simay, interesting point that Ikechi has made. Every single month our governments are budgeting and let's not just talk about the federal government, states are involved. For example, I'm going to talk about river states. So a governor of the UK is building flyovers. I mean, he's called Mr Projects for a reason. But how many schools, how many classrooms project has he had in the space of how many years that he's been governor? This is his second tenure. How many schools has he renovated? How many classrooms has he built? No, we haven't seen that, it's not replicated in the education sector but we see more roads and all of those flyovers in river states and this is not an attack on the governor. But this is detailed for every other governor who seems to be commissioning these wide elephant projects. But then the most important thing which they all benefited from by the way is being somewhat set aside or tossed aside. So how do educationists like you and Ikechi push for these mega portions for education budgeting to be increased? Because whether we like it or not, it might not necessarily look nice for them in their blueprint or when they're doing a scorecard for themselves. But how can we push for this to become a big priority for all our politicians because whether we like it or not, there is some politics to it? Absolutely. I mean, I just read that the education budget, the federal one was just about 6.3 and it's about 742 billion out of about say 11 trillion or so was earmarked to education this year. That is extremely low. So it just tells you that the government is not paying attention to education at all. This is the time when we are saying that we have a lot of out-of-school. This is the time when we have insurgency issues. This is the time when COVID has caused a lot of loss of learning. If you see the kind of money that has been put towards COVID in every other country, a lot of schools have been shot down for a greater part of last year. A lot of public schools are still doing staggered lessons. So you just wonder what our government is looking at. And like Ikechi said, if they understand the importance of the human capital, the importance of the young people they are bringing up, they are going to actually build the economy. Because you have all these resources in Nigeria. Nigeria is one of the most resource nations in the world. The human capital is the most important. In countries like Singapore that they don't have natural resources, they invest so much in the human capital. And that's what we should do. Nigeria, God has blessed us in this country, not only with human resources but with natural resources. So what happens is you just wonder why state governments, in Lagos state though, Lagos state is building, despite the fact that Lagos state is not a big, we don't have land in Lagos state, but the governor is actually building infrastructure and improving the state of schools. He's focusing because Lagos state is cosmopolitan. This is a state that needs very cerebral human capital. We need people who know what they're doing. So he understands that his economy is built on the human capital and the way he educates his young people. And he's focusing on that. And I do believe that some other states are doing that as well. In fact, there has been evidence that has shown that, although the Northwest has about, I think has about 5.2 million out of school, but certain states have put a lot of money in education, I think like Shokutou during Governor Thambu well at that time, and the insurgency went down. You know, when you don't put money in education, you'll find that crime rate is going to go up, because the young people are going to, they don't have jobs, they don't have skills, they don't have a vocation. So what are they going to do? So they're ripe for ripping by Boko Haram and all the insurgencies because they don't have anything. So we won't connect the dots in Nigeria. If we don't educate our children, then we are opening them up to be recruited for different types of crime. See what kidnapping is doing. If we educate them, they will have a vocation, they will have a job, and they will get involved. So it doesn't take anything so smart to figure that out. So that's why we always wonder why we are not doing this. China has a massive human capital. Every other country is going to China to set up their manufacturing units and they are using the human capital and they are paying dollars. Nigeria is massive. We are 200 million now. By 250, we are going to be 400 million. Third largest country in the world. In the world. What are we going to do then? If we don't stop it up now, what are we going to do? It's only 10 million out of school. That's the billion dollar question. Ikeijin closing, just as she said, and I'm going to ask you now again, politics is the order of the day, as we speak right now, there are campaigns. The president was in the emo state. He's going there because of course he went to inspect a project and commissioned it. And it's all political. Politics is the order of the day. 2023 is in view. And all the movements we're seeing in the different political parties is of course targeted at 2023. While these politicians are moving, what are your people, people like you doing to plug in and so that our children can benefit from it? I'll tell you what quickly. One of the things that was said, or pointed to as a result of what has led to the banditry, these young men who are in, I had a conversation with Sheikh Gumi and he said that these people have not had access to education. They do not have jobs. And I don't mind, of course, the devil's workshop. And therefore we're having a multiplication of these bandits every single day. If we do plug into education, and give at least a certain amount or chunk of our budget to it, can we say that maybe our children will now be safer in schools because these bandits would have depleted in their numbers because they have something to do? Yeah, obviously. I don't even like the open-ended statement that more increased budget is allotted to education. I think it should be specific. Budget for infrastructure or budget for facilities or budget for textbooks or budget for security. You see, education is broad-based. But you know how attractive have we made education become. You need to cover that with politics, with growing interest in politics. We seem to downplay the need for education. I mean, we talk about absolute strikes and all that. So it seems like those who have invested their lives in the details, they require details for learning and schooling and not high up there. The best education needs can become in Nigeria. It's probably at the minister or a commissioner. So he's not given that place. How rich are the teachers? How rich are the professors? Okay, so their salaries are not even promptly paid. They are not given money for research. What is the budget for research like? And all of that. So these are many questions begging for answers. And then, at the other end, you want to make the young child who's not even primarily interested in education to go to school. He has seen the neighbor out there next door who's not doing very well, simply because he's educated. He's a professor versus the politician who's riding all the big cars and all that. So you realize that in Nigeria to start with, by the kind of politics that we play, education is grossly downplayed upon. Education is trampled on that foot. Education is not what the nominal child should aspire towards. If you're looking at money, you're looking at living a very large lifestyle. So you realize that a lot of children who even dropped out of the university are probably doing well in entertainment. They are doing well in comedy. They are doing well in other things. Here we have entertainers who even have their doctorate now. I could call names of those who have gone on to get their doctorate. But in politics, you realize that you would see a professor who seems like an errand boy to a politician who's not even properly schooled. So what is the incentive for learning? Why should I go to school? Why should I advance my educational course? If education needs that push in my life.  It's becoming a big bite in Nigeria and it's something we really really need to fix as we plan towards the next season of our election. Well, Ikechi Wogo is an education consultant and Bola Giosime is the co-founder, trustee education and innovation team. Thank you so much for having this conversation with us. Thank you so much, Ikeido. All right. Well on that note, we'll take a short break to see what Nigerians have to say about government's efforts in ending school kidnappings. And when we come back, I'll be saying goodbye. I don't know. We get a problem for this Nigeria but in that regard, I just feel like the first thing is to look at where the problem lies. See if the problem lies with a particular bunch or a particular people that need to be exterminated, they need to be removed. And maybe from there there can be some progress because these are our children. These are our children, these are my sisters, these are my brothers and we're all one in this country. So it doesn't matter where it's north, south. We're all the same. We need to find a solution. Whoever's causing this from there needs to be removed. The first thing for them to do is let them have, first of all, sympathy. That's sympathy on the children, the parents of those children. If they put it before them, let's assume this is actually happening to their children. What will they do? What will they do if it's their own children? Let them do it to these ones too. Because these are parents dying in pain. It's painful. The government, at least you know the right thing to do because those guys that are doing the attack over there are not terrorists. Forget the name, the attacks like bandits or no government and the rest. Those guys are terrorists and we know the right punishment for terrorists. They are not to be pardoned. They are to be tried in the court and they are to be jailed. Let us start from the security first. So we need more the government should try their possible best to make sure, at least we need more securities. That one is the most important thing because they have been long. They never recruit police. So they are also the same thing. So if we have more policemen and yes, personnel at least we can be able to overcome the... Well that's the show for tonight. Hopefully we'll be back tomorrow at the same time 7pm on Plus TV Africa as we discussed the politics of Nigeria and maybe Africa. I am Mary Annacol. See you tomorrow.


I don't know how it works, I don't know if you're alright. Um...  I'm just gonna keep doing YouTube and keep doing that. It's like an episode. I'm excited. I'm really excited. I'm really, really, really excited and I can't wait. I'm so I'm married at the moment. Probably will be until she gets here. I'm working on the videos that wouldn't do today and I'm quite excited. So yeah. I doubt.  During the vlog. I'll be in your vlog. I just jumped off a table and whacked my head off it. I whacked my head off it.  I was walking back. How do you even explain like I jumped off the table and hit that? It's so bad. I don't like that. How did I manage to hit it?  Because when your head hit the thing, I was like, I thought you were going to come to us normally. I was like, oh my god, that was so bad. So today is the day we find out what's going on. We have this fire of twos. We'll see if I'm going to get actually set in or out here. I hope I'm allowed here. I doubt I'm going to be allowed here. So there's where I want. My bet is I'm going to end up on section two. Not quite yet there. I don't want to go there. But I'm saying it's great. Over and over again. I managed to get me a medication. There's no way to direct to me doing YouTube. I just can't. I'm not throwing off the footage that I've got today. I'll update you guys when I can update you guys. It's not feeling great. The bet is coming in. It's only day now. Honestly, I've had some of the worst elections ever. I walked in and I went to ask what a section of my point is. Because no one's explained it to me. I had my phone turned off. She's like, you're not recording me, are you? I can't get over yourself. What would be the point of that? Not only that. Every time I try to sort my own life out. Sort things out. You don't know anything Lydia. I've been on these medications for a long time. I know they didn't work. Why won't you listen to me? I don't know how to explain how I feel right now. I'm just going to keep doing YouTube and keep doing that. I'm going to do something. I'm f**king attached yesterday. That's fun. I can't wait to update you. I'm excited. I'm trying for a boss to go into Kingston.  So exciting. It's the Christmas... Christmas unicorn. As you'd expect. This need that hoover. The hoover is mine.


12 years after a sergeant saved her from Hurricane Katrina, she floored him with one question. It was a moment that would change both of their lives forever. Master Sergeant Mike Moroney brought terrified toddler Lachey Brown to safety and held her in his arms in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. Brown, then just three years old, had been caught up in the hurricane's destructive path at her home in New Orleans. And Brown and her family could have faced death had it not been for the actions of the brave air rescuer. After all, Hurricane Katrina destroyed lives across New Orleans when it struck the city in 2005. And in the hours before the tropical storm, city officials seemed to know how hard it would hit when they issued a mandatory evacuation order. Most of the city's residents were then forced to flee to escape the devastation. However, some residents who could not escape, around a fifth of the city does not own a car were forced to shelter in a local sports stadium. Others, meanwhile, simply prayed for the best as they waited for the storm to die out while staying in their own homes. Image, Kalnini slash U.S. Coast Guard via Getty Images. Tragically, by the time the hurricane was finally over, almost 2,000 had perished. In addition, thousands more had become refugees in Katrina's wake. And around 90,000 miles of the country suffered some consequence of the storm. New Orleans bore the brunt of Katrina, however, an astonishing 80% of the city was submerged underwater after the hurricane hit. In the meantime, thousands of people remain stranded in the area. Government officials spent days scrambling to formulate a plan to help the city's residents, many of whom were underprivileged and desperately in need of help. Eventually, around 34,000 people were saved by the Coast Guard. The U.S. Air Force was also drafted in to save people from the sky. And para rescue specialist Mike Moroni was in one of the crews sent out to search for and rescue stranded civilians. During his mission, moreover, he spotted Brown and her family pleading for help from the deadly torrents below. But once Brown was saved from the floods, she did something that Moroni probably never anticipated. Once after he rescued the toddler, she put her arms around him and gave him a hug so beautiful that it would change his life forever. As it happened, the touching moment was captured by a press photographer and the image spread around the world. It was even used as part of several social media campaigns. Plus, the photographer who took the picture gave Moroni a copy of the photograph as a keepsake. What's more, the moment had such a profound effect on Moroni, who is a war veteran that he even took the photograph with him on tours of Afghanistan and Iraq. It truly was a moment that changed his life, and it made him want to seek out the girl he had rescued. The Sergeant has even claimed to have found comfort in the picture during his inner battle with PTSD. Moroni began suffering from the condition following his time serving in war zones around the world on behalf of the U.S. military.  To that end, he launched a social media campaign in a bid to find the youngster. Sadly, however, his first attempt failed after his effort stacked up just 42 likes. After that, Moroni had all but given up on his dream of encountering Brown ever again. In 2015, though, he decided to once again attempt to track down the little girl, creating the hashtag hashtag find Katrina girl as part of the search. This time around, the Air Force man's luck turned. And the pair were finally reunited a decade after the storm first hit. They met after producers from U.S. reality show The Real managed to find Brown in September 2015. And when the two finally met, Moroni opened his heart to Brown. He told her, you rescued me more than I rescued you. Brown, meanwhile, had little recollection of the rescue. However, Moroni claimed that she was extremely brave during the ordeal. He added that she had even shown him her house and school down below as she was being whisked to safety. That meeting would signal the start of a beautiful friendship between the two. In fact, Moroni now regularly calls in on Brown and her family. The two converse on the telephone each week. He has even given her swimming lessons.  In fact, the youngster has since gone on to become part of the Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, JROTC, program as a result of Moroni's inspiration. The scheme is designed to give high school students a taste of life in the U.S. military. It also acts as a pre-training program for youngsters hoping to join U.S. forces later in life. Speaking about her move to join the program, Brown told people, it was very interesting and a challenge, and because I had never done it before. I knew if I joined I would have helped from Mike along the way if I needed it, or was confused about anything. Meeting Moroni has had such an impact on Brown's life, in fact, that when the time came for her to invite somebody to her JROTC ball, she had only one person in mind. And when Brown asked Moroni to the dance, his answer was clear. I'm going because I would do anything to repay the hug to Lachey and her family. They mean as much to me as my own, he told people. Brown now plans to follow in Moroni's footsteps and take up a role in the military. However, she has yet to decide if she will take a post in the Air Force or a position elsewhere in the U.S. forces. Regardless of what she decides to do, however, there is one person who says that he will support her no matter what. I am proud of her no matter what she does and will support her in everything she does, Moroni told people. I think she understands service, and I believe that she will do great things no matter what she chooses. As for Moroni, he plans to take retirement from his career in the Air Force. He also now uses his time and talents to encourage youngsters across America to follow in his footsteps and take jobs on the battlefield. Despite having hung up his helmet, however, Moroni will carry on in his role as a friend and mentor to Brown. He told people, life in service to the planet is important whether serving in the military or as a teacher, nurse or volunteer. Service makes life that much more appreciated.


Drawn to the tropical jungles and Caribbean beaches of Costa Rica, a new species of bookish critter has been found. Move over day for that invert, there's some new adventurers in town! That's right! I'm going to be hoaxing a group trip to Costa Rica! Oh my god, it'll be a once in a lifetime experience. We're going to see turtles nesting, we'll be kayaking through vibrant rainforests, we'll be snorkelling in some of the most beautiful beaches you have ever seen. Costa Rica is located in Central America, it is home to tropical rainforests, white sand, turquoise water beaches, connect to nature and experience the purevita way of life. And for those of you in the US, it is only a short plane ride away. So, now we've got that intro out the way. I am here to give you the actual information about the trip. Hello, I'm normal mega now, I'm no longer adventurer mega. I can't really believe this is happening, I feel incredibly grateful. I am so beyond excited to travel with you to make friends, for us all to make friends together on this trip and have the most amazing time. I have picked this itinerary, this trip to Costa Rica, because I think all the activities sound amazing. It is a fairly affordable trip in terms of like a group trip with a personal guide. I'll get into all the details of what is included. I know this is not going to be accessible to everyone, but I'm talking about this to give those of you who are accessible forward who are interested all the information about what is happening. And I picked this trip because a lot of food is included, you know, some of the... I'm working with Trover Trip on this and some of the itineraries had like almost no food included whereas quite a lot of the food is included on this trip in the price. So there's some of the reasons. I'm getting ahead of myself. I'm so like, I don't even know what to say to you. We're going to Costa Rica on the 7th to the 13th of November this year. It's happening this year. I'm incredibly excited. I can't believe it. We're going to go on vacation together. Can you believe it? No, there are only 18 spots available. Eight of those have the early bird price and 10 will have a slightly higher price. So let's get into price because I know you're thinking, is this going to be accessible for me? So in terms of price, the early bird price is $2,099 or that is about £1,750 To convert these, you can just Google my current dollars to my currency basically. And the non early bird price will be $200 more expensive. So $2,299, which is about £1,918. When you divide £1,750, I'm thinking in pounds because I'm British, but you can do the same calculation if you're American to see whether it works for you. Yeah, when you divide that by seven because we're there for seven days, six nights and seven days, it works out about £250 per day. And let's get into what that includes. So it includes all our accommodation. So we have accommodation every night, it includes your accommodation. It includes transfers to and from the airport. On arrival day, there will be three transfers from the airport to the hotel. So there'll be three different times depending on when your flight is and going back to the airport on the last day, there'll be two transfer options. So it pays for that. It pays for all of our city transfers. We're going three different places. I'll show you on the map. All of those, all of our transport to our activities, activities. It includes a lot of activities. I'm going to go through activities per day to give you an idea, but it includes all of activities, but one is a little bit extra. One is an optional activity that you can pay a bit more for. We all have a local guide with us throughout the trip. So we have a personal local guide with us the whole time, helping us get to the activities, helping us learn more about where we are, helping us explore the culture. So we have that person with us the entire time. It includes six breakfasts, three lunches, and four dinners. So quite a lot of food. That's a big reason why I picked this. A lot of the food is included in the price. So in terms of things that aren't included, the flights aren't included because obviously we're all going to be coming from different directions. There wouldn't be a way to really do that. And the food other than what I've listed isn't included and travel insurance. That's basically what's not included. We're going to be exploring Caribbean beaches, like I mentioned in the intro. So let's go through what each day is going to look like. Day one, we fly in and we'll have a welcome dinner together. That is day one. We are flying into San Jose. Day two, we're traveling to the village of Tortuguero, which means region of turtles. This is the village of turtles, everyone. On this day in terms of activities, we have got a walking tour around the town. And in the evening, we have the optional activity of the trip, which is the turtle nesting tour. So we'll go to the beach where I think it's the most used beach by turtles, where most turtles nest in the wild. Around the time of year we're going, we may even see some baby turtles hatching and crawling towards the sea, which is very exciting. I, again, I can't believe this. Day three, we are still in Tortuguero and we are going to be kayaking in the National Park there. I love kayaking, so I'm very excited for this. We're also going to have a boat tour of the National Park. So we'll have the opportunity to spot wildlife, again take in the rainforest that we're in. And then we're going to have a jungle walking tour that day as well. Day four, we are traveling to our next location, which is Proto Viejo. And there'll be a time on this day to kind of explore the beaches, relax on the beaches. Then day five, we are going to be snorkeling.  We're going to be snorkeling with all the tropical fish, turtles in the sea. And that day we're also going to have a guided book club, a tropical book club. I have got the idea that we're going to be reading a book together, maybe a book set in Costa Rica or with some relation to Costa Rica. And then this will be our book club to chat all about the book that we've read together. I'm not even getting my words out, I'm so excited. Day six, we have our last opportunity to enjoy the beaches before we travel back to San Jose to then fly home on day seven. So that is the plan. I will leave the trip page down below. All of this information is on the trip page. These are some of the pictures of the hotels we're going to be staying at. The hotels look amazing. They look amazing. They look like such wonderful places to stay. The ones in Torteguero and Proto Viejo are all like on the sea. We'll buy the beach for those ones. And they just look amazing. So those are some pictures of the hotels. I'm trying to think if I have any other information that I need to give you. I've told you the cost, I've told you the itinerary. Oh, that's one thing about price that some people were wondering about. You only need to pay 25% of the trip crossed up front as a deposit and then you can pay the rest over time leading up to the trip. I believe the deadline for payment will be sometime in August but you'll be told that all through the booking process. So yeah, you don't have to pay it all up front.  I can't even believe this is happening. The opportunity to meet you guys and travel with you together is just incredible. Yeah, ask me any questions you have down below. I cannot believe this is reality. Snorkeling, kayaking, exploring these rainforests and these beaches, it just is a dream come true. I can't believe it. Ask me any questions down below. I would love for any of you to come on this trip with me and travel together. I can't believe it's reality. So yeah, I'll leave all the info linked down below. Ask me any questions you have in the comments and I'll see you soon. Okay, love ya. Bye.


Welcome to this session, myself Mr. Giridhar Jain, Assistant Professor in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Valchan Institute of Technology, Sholapur. Now, today I am going to explain you on-off temperature controllers. Learning outcomes are, at the end of this session, students will be able to draw circuits and explain on-off temperature controllers. And second outcome is, students will be able to design on-off temperature controllers. Contents of the session are on-off temperature controller without dead band, on-off temperature controller with dead band, and design of on-off temperature controllers. Now, first is on-off temperature controller without dead band. So, figure shows the circuit A and this figure B shows the transfer curve. Now, let us understand the basic circuit. Now, if you look at the circuit, the input stage is a transducer bridge. Now, in this transducer bridge consists of resistance R A, R B, R C and a sensor P T 100, which is used as a temperature sensor. So, these four elements are connected to form a bridge. Now, voltage between this point and this point is the output of the bridge. Now, when bridge is balanced at 0 degree centigrade, the output from the bridge is 0 volt. Now, output of the transducer bridge is proportional to the temperature because P T 100 is a thermistor and the resistance of P T 100 increases with increase in temperature. Now, output of transducer bridge which is proportional to the temperature is given as a input to the instrumentation amplifier. So, instrumentation amplifier is designed using the three operational amplifiers and the few resistances and one potentiometer as shown in the figure. Function of instrumentation amplifier is to amplify the output of transducer bridge which is very small voltage to a required voltage level at the output voltage V o as shown in figure. Now, output of instrumentation amplifier is connected as a input to the error detector. Now, one input to the error detector is a set point that is proportional to the set temperature and the another input is the output of instrumentation amplifier a voltage which is proportional to the actual temperature. So, error amplifier compares the actual process variable that is a voltage proportional to the actual temperature to the set point voltage. A set point voltage is a voltage proportional to the set temperature and comparing this two a error is generated. So, this error detector is nothing but a subtractor circuit using op-amp. So, output of the error amplifier is again connected as an input to the comparator and the reference voltage for comparator is 0. This means when the error voltage is positive then output of the control output is on means controller is on and when the error is negative controller is off. So, this figure B shows the transfer curve for a positive error voltage controller is on and for negative error voltage controller is off as shown in figure. What will be limitation of this controller? Think on this. Now, basic limitation of this controller is that this controller does not have a dead band means whenever the temperature exceeds the set point controller becomes off and whenever temperature comes below a set point controller becomes on. So, there is on and off of the controller when the temperature deviates about a set point by a small amount. Therefore, stability of such controller is less and unnecessary the controller will become on and off frequently. So, this is limitation or drawback of the controller. So, this type of controller is very sensitive to the noise. Now, how to solve this problem? Now, to solve this problem a on-off temperature controller with a dead band is used. Now, in this controller a dead band is introduced. Now, this dead band is symmetrically placed around the set point. For example, let the set temperature is say 50 degree centigrade and let the dead band is 10 degree. Now, this dead band is 10 degree which is divided into two parts that is 10 by 2 is 5 degree. So, 5 degree is added to the 50. So, 50 plus 5 is 55 and 50 minus 5 is 45. So, initially when the temperature is less than the lower border that is 45 degree centigrade then the controller becomes on. Once the controller becomes on it will remain on till a temperature exceeds the target value and it reaches to 55 degree centigrade then controller will become off. Once it becomes off it will remain off till a temperature falls below 45 degree centigrade. So, such controller is having a dead band and due to this a effect of noise is reduced. Now, circuit diagram for such controller. Now, transducer bridge and error instrumentation amplifier that circuit which is used in earlier controller will remain same. Output of instrumentation amplifier is a VPV that is a process variable or a voltage VPV which is proportional to the actual temperature and this is a set point. So, this is error detector. So, circuit from the error detector is shown earlier circuit is same. After error detector instead of connecting the output of error detector directly to the comparator as it was done earlier a one more circuit is introduced in between and this circuit is a smith trigger. So, for this smith trigger it is possible to introduce a dead band. So, dead band is introduced by this smith trigger and this dead band depends on the value of resistance R1 and R2 and this is the characteristics of the on-off temperature controller with a dead band. Now, when the error voltage is positive when the error voltage exceeds this point this is called as UTP the controller becomes on. Once it becomes on it will remain in on state till the error voltage reduces below this point B that is lower triggering point. Now, UTP and LTP of the smith trigger are calculated by the formula VUT is R2 upon R1 plus R2 into plus Vsat and this is VLT R2 upon R1 plus R2 into minus Vsat. So, let this is equation number 1 and this is equation number 2. Now, width of hysteresis is given by subtraction of VUT and VLT. So, width of hysteresis is VUT minus VLT that is equal to 2 into R2 upon R1 plus R2 into Vsat. So, width of hysteresis can be designed as per requirement by designing the proper values of R1, R2 and Vsat. Vsat depends on the supply voltage. Now, let us proceed further for solving the design problems on the on-off temperature control. Now, this is problem 1 which states that design on-off temperature controller to control a temperature in the range of 0 to 100 degree centigrade. Set point is 40 degree centigrade and require full scale output is 10 volt. Now, solution for this on-off controller we use a on-off controller without dead band circuit is used because a dead band is not given in the design. Step number 1, design of transducer bridge. So, use PT-100 as a temperature sensor. Its resistance is 100 ohm at 0 degree and 138.5 ohm at 100 degree centigrade. For design of transducer bridge, so this is a transducer bridge RA, RB, RC this is 1.4K and PT-100 and DC voltage selected is 5 volt. Select RA is equal to RB is equal to RC is equal to 1.5 kilo ohm and the series resistance in series with PT-100 is selected as 1.4K as shown in figure. At 100 degree centigrade potential of point A is determined by FA is equal to 1.5 upon in the bracket 1.5 plus 1.538 bracket close into 5 volt. Therefore, FA is coming as a 2.469 volt and VB is coming as a 2.5. Therefore, VB minus FA comes to be 0.031 volt. Now, this voltage 0.031 volt is to be amplified by instrumentation amplifier. So, output of instrumentation amplifier is given by FA is equal to RF by R1 in the bracket 1 plus 2 R4 by R5 bracket close in the bracket VB minus FA. Substituting the values FA is 10 volt that is full scale output RF by R1 we have selected select R1 is equal to RF is equal to 1K. Solving this we get R4 equal to 159.39 R5 select R4 is equal to 10K therefore R5 comes to be 62.73 ohm. So, design of error detector and comparator. So, this is the circuit. Now, in the circuit select op-amp as 741 select VCC as a plus 12 volt and minus 12 volt R1 is equal to R2 is equal to R3 is equal to RF is equal to 1K and select the potentiometer as a 10K. These are references. Thank you for watching the video.


the short e-book How do you spell it? Most of the time you spell it with an e bed less pen test Use your pen to take the test. Don't forget to do your best How do you spell it?  Better wear some wool and leather How do you spell it? Some of the time you spell it ai said again hair fair I Said it again. It isn't fair. You have one. They have a pair How do you spell it? Some of the time you spell it with an a many any scary carry You have one they have many other people don't have any for smart kids How do you spell it? Once in a while there is a silent e where there care share At the end of the word it can be found but silent e doesn't make a sound Once in a while you spell it a y says He says she says I say You say it says something they don't say Once in a while you spell it ie friend How do you spell it? Well most of the time you spell it with an e some of the time you spell it ea Some of the time you spell it ai Some of the time you spell it with an a Once in a while you spell it ie Once in a while you spell it a y How do you spell it? The strangest sound you've ever read is the a sound someone said Don't let it scare you. It's your friend. It'll be there in the end Enjoy our other books to available at let's read it again dot-com you


I love wasting time. It's so fun to do things that are a waste of time and I think something that held me back for a long time is this feeling that I would have to convince myself that something was bad. Then I can replace it with something else. I would have to show that this is not good. Okay, then your typical self-development pattern, stop doing bad things and start doing more good things. So to put something in the bad column and stop doing it, I'd have to tell myself and convince myself, yes this is a bad thing. But so many of the things that are wasting time, filling in time, they are not necessarily bad. They can be good things. There's nothing wrong with them. There's nothing bad about these things. They have a lot of good qualities, especially looking through all kinds of art and entertainment. We, there are just so many good TV shows. There are good books. There are good games and these things can take up entire lifetimes just to experience them. But if I have to tell myself, I have to make myself believe, no this is bad in order to avoid it, then that's a lot of work trying to make a case that this is absolutely a bad thing. It's hard to do. There's a lot of this entertainment and art and pastimes. I mean they are, they're fine. So one thing that helped me was to kind of decide and realize that I don't need to convince myself. I don't need to prove that these things are bad. I only need to be clear with myself that this is not the best use of my time, that I want something better. I have to want something better than all these great things. So somebody asks me, have you seen this great new TV show? And I don't have to think, oh you know what's wrong with it? What is my reason? Justify yourself. You know, why am I not watching this new TV show? It's a great show. I don't need to establish that it's not a great show. It could be a great show. Just that it takes up time that I want to spend doing better things, making my life the best it can be. That means cutting out a lot of great things that are simply, there's no room to fit everything in. No, I have not read a song of ice and fire, 5,000 pages of a yet to be completed epic fantasy series. I have not read Harry Potter. I have not played the greatest new video games. I cannot say that these things are bad. They may be wonderful great things and they may add to my life. But because there's simply not enough room to do all these great things, it's okay to say that this absolutely may be a wonderful great thing.  It's a simple thing once again but this I found very helpful because it's not like, you know, it really used to seem like announcing that I had not, I'm not participating in a certain show or book or game. It felt like I had to justify it. But really now I think it it's okay. It's okay to be selective and to say no to good things because these are all fine but I want something better. I want to have a great life. And it's not like those things stop you from having a great life. Just that they take up time and I want to spend my time doing other things that I feel will more directly lead to a better life. So in a way it's like a sacrifice. You don't sacrifice bad things for the good. You sacrifice good things. I that's what makes it a sacrifice. It has to be something good that you give up in order to trade it for something better. Now I had this thought come to me yesterday when I was doing my digital decluttering and going through all the accounts that I had accumulated over the years and found one for an old game that I used to love playing. And I started reading through the updates to this game that I've been made in the last couple years. The new changes started to see what it looks like. I remembered how fun it is to just immerse myself in the game. It's one of the most immersive games I've ever played. You really feel like being in this world and it's very relaxing. It's very satisfying in its own way. And it's a great way I could happily jump in there for days and just enjoy this imaginary world. And I was I kind of knew this part of me that's kind of like you know I knew that wait a minute that would actually not be the best use of my time because I actually want to do useful things in the real world and I don't want to just take a week out of my year and put that into this imaginary world. And that's when I had to come to that realization that I don't need to convince myself that it's bad. It's wonderful. It's just not good enough for what I want. And the funny thing is that the name of this game is The Unreal World. And it's right there in the name that this is a wonderful immersive experience in an imaginary world.  So as great as all these things can be, even some of them can be inspiring for the real world. And there's almost nothing that's a total waste of time. And these things can absolutely have value. But still I can still confidently decide that I do not need these things in my life. I want something better.