Welcome to another edition of HeyDT. HeyDT is a series of videos I do where I respond to viewer questions and comments. These viewer questions and comments, they typically come from the comments on the videos posted on YouTube and Odyssey. Sometimes these viewer questions and comments come through social media such as Mastodon, Reddit, and sometimes through email. And the very first question I want to respond to is, HeyDT, have you ever used a dating site? If so, how did you describe yourself? Good question. And the reason it's a great question is because I think many people outside the Linux community imagine that we, the Linux users, that we're all kind of socially awkward. We can't have any meaningful relationships with other people.  And that's not the case at all. Although I've never used a dating site, I'm not against the idea of maybe putting a profile online. I think maybe that could help me in my love life. So I think for a dating profile, let's go ahead and create one right here on camera. My profile would read something like, I'm a Linux enthusiast whose favorite commands are strip, unzip, touch, and mount. I'm looking for a girl who is the total package who is built correctly with no missing dependencies. Also, she must be forward and direct. I can't stand cryptic error messages. And finally, this is a deal breaker. She must be willing to convert to the Church of Emacs. Moving on to the next question. HeyDT, can you go over what makes mainline versions of Linux distros different to each other, like how Arch compares to Slackware? It can't just all be about the package manager. And yes, it actually can be all about the package manager. And I'm assuming he's asking about this is because I often say that these Linux distributions, they're all the same. Fundamentally, they're all the same other than package management, the package manager they use and their release cadence. Are they a stable release model, static release model, or are they a rolling release model? And that's the difference. That really is the difference between, for example, he's comparing Arch to Slackware is they use different package management systems. And one of them is a rolling release where the other is more of a static stable release model. And that's it, right? Other than that, everything you can do on Slackware, you can do on Arch and vice versa. They're essentially the same bash shell underneath the same new core utils, the same kernel. It's really as a end user as a desktop end user, somebody that's, you know, not really geeky, you know, somebody that's just going to use a computer, you give them Arch or you give them Slackware, they're not going to notice any difference at all. The only thing they're going to interact with on a regular basis that will be different will be the package manager. And moving on to the next question. Hey, DT, would you still be using Emacs if there was no Doom Emacs? Yes, I have actually used just regular GNU Emacs a couple of different times. Actually, when I first switched to Emacs, for those of you that haven't been following the channel that long, when I first switched to Emacs about three years ago or whatever it happens to be now, I actually spent 30 days in GNU Emacs upfront because I wanted to learn the vanilla GNU Emacs key bindings before moving to evil mode. I knew I'd probably end up in evil mode at some point. But I actually was fine using GNU Emacs. And then I switched to Doom Emacs. And once I switched to Doom Emacs, I thought, you know, at some point, I should probably go back to GNU Emacs just for learning purposes to go and configure GNU Emacs exactly how Doom Emacs is kind of set up. And I did that, I spent another month or two in GNU Emacs, making a massive config of several thousand lines long, where I was adding all of these packages that are already built into Doom Emacs. And I kind of made GNU Emacs be Doom Emacs. And that was fine, other than it was a massive config that, you know, was managing a lot of stuff that Doom Emacs already takes care of out of the box. And to be honest, Doom Emacs just performs a lot better than what my config was doing, because Doom Emacs does have some speed improvements and performance improvements, because those guys are, you know, really are doing a smart job of how they're handling all of these various extensions and plug-ins that get loaded and things like that. So ultimately, Doom Emacs was just a better product for me than trying to make GNU Emacs be Doom Emacs. So yeah, I could certainly use GNU Emacs if Doom Emacs was not around. It wouldn't be an issue. I've done it before, and I have no problem configuring it. It's just why go through that work. If essentially I'm going to 90% of what Doom Emacs does, I would do in GNU Emacs anyway, because I'm always going to install things like Evil Mode and the Witch Key plug-in, you know, various org mode extensions and things like that that are already there in Doom. Because Doom isn't really that bloated. You know, most of the stuff that's already baked into Doom Emacs really are the kind of packages that I would say 90% of Emacs users are probably going to install themselves anyway, it's just Doom kind of gets you there a little faster than having to start a vanilla GNU Emacs config from scratch. Moving on, the next comment is hey, DT, make a video on how to set up and use a window manager on a laptop where all the function keys are bind to functions like brightness and all some weird grammatical stuff going on there, but he wants to know how to make his customizable probably tiling window manager, it could be floating window managers like OpenBots or JWM or something. Hey, I need to use key bindings and I want to bind them to the function keys on my laptop, but those laptop function keys are already set to some other functions. Well, my advice would be probably not to use the function keys anyway to bind things to anything you're going to run on a regular basis probably shouldn't be binded to a function key. And the reason I say this is unless that's the only machine you're ever going to use most keyboards, most other equipment you're going to use may or may not even have function keys on them. I know a lot of people myself included most of the keyboards I have a lot of these zsa keyboards like the Ergo Docs the Moonlander certainly 40% keyboards like the Plank they don't have function keys on them. So I would never bind anything to a function key, not just for me but also because people will want to repurpose my configs use my configs for inspiration. Some of those people also may not have keyboards with function keys. So for me, I always just avoid using the function keys for any key bindings anyway. Now, having said all that, I do know and all of my tiling window managers, I can bind any key on any keyboard to specific functions like I know in X Monad, I can bind the print screen key and various media keys like play and pause and search the web and you know, all of those weird keys that you'll sometimes on to have a like on a 110 key keyboard that have a million keys. Most of them are really weird, odd specific keys, you know, toggle eject, for example, you know, eject your CD player and things like that. I can bind all of those keys in X Monad to anything I wish. Now, again, you have to be careful with that stuff because unless you're always going to be at a keyboard that has those keys available, I probably wouldn't do that. But but there's nothing stopping you from doing that if you choose to do it. And the next question is Haiti. What do you select when your AUR helper asks you to remove make dependencies after install? I always decide to keep them. But is it necessary if I don't plan on rebuilding the package? No, it's not necessary to keep those dependencies, you should probably just always choose Yes, remove the make dependencies. And this is not just for the AUR but any kind of package management system. If you're installing software and it asked you about do you want to remove the build dependencies, the make dependencies, whatever it happens to be. Yeah, just have it remove all of that stuff. It will be unneeded cruft that is just taking up space on your system. Because those programs don't do anything for you. They were installed temporarily to help build that package that you wanted. But now that's built the package you wanted. You don't really need that that program that was needed to build the package. Just have it go ahead and uninstall itself in that way. Again, you're not taking up needed drive space. And the next comment is Haiti and Media School. They said something profound that stuck with me. If there is a microphone in the room, then assume it is on. And this was in response to a recent video I did where I was talking about proprietary operating systems and proprietary hardware as well. Not just you know, desktops, laptops, mobile phones as well. Anything that has microphones attached to it and also cameras as well. But the microphones assume that they're always on and they're always listening to you always spying on you because with proprietary software, these operating systems, you really don't know what they're doing. You're kind of taking a chance anytime you're using these devices with these proprietary operating systems. And he says, Well, in school, you know, they had this saying if there's a microphone in the room, always assume it's on. Yeah, they were doing that for slightly different reasons. It wasn't necessarily because of people spying on you without your knowledge. This was more of so you don't accidentally say something on a hot mic, right? And then this is more akin to, you know, not accidentally saying something publicly that later on you're going to regret because you assumed it was a private conversation, but it really wasn't because it was on a microphone. Maybe it was a microphone that was being recorded and you thought the recording was over. The microphone was no longer hot, but you know, it can also be analogous to social media these days. Many people, you know, post something crazy on social media and then of course later regret it later. That post causes them some grief because when they posted it on social media, they weren't in a current position that they are now. And they weren't as well known. They didn't have this position in this company or this school or whatever it happens to be. And now people go back and look at these older messages before you were really you. And now they use some of what you said in the past against you today. So that's more analogous to what you're talking about with the microphone and media school and everything. I was more talking about the dangers of people spying on you, not accidentally saying something and being a jackass. But in today's world, I think both apply as far as you just anytime you're around microphones and cameras just always assume that they are waiting for you to slip up and do the wrong thing. Next up is two questions that are kind of related. Well, one is actually going to answer the question of the first one. The first question, Haiti, do you know any PC vendor that builds a PC or laptop without an OS installed? And we can install the OS that we wish to install. And the next question, Haiti, is that Ava logo for angels and airwaves behind you. So typically behind me, you'll see a blue box that's got Ava. Let me grab the box. This box here, AVA. Now this is from a custom PC builder online that I have used more than once. This company is called Ava Direct. And go to Ava Direct.com. They build custom PCs, laptops, workstations, gaming systems, servers.  And you can also choose what operating system to install. If you want Windows, they'll install it. If you don't want Windows, they won't install it. I think they may even offer some Linux options for them to go ahead and just put various popular versions of Linux on the machine. Or you can just have them send you no operating system installed at all. That's typically what I do. Because rarely do I want the Linux distribution most companies are going to ship with, because typically they're going to default. Ubuntu LTS makes sense for the masses, but typically I'm going to go with other stuff, right? So typically these kinds of companies, I just tell them, don't install the OS, I'll take care of it myself.  And the next question is really just a comment. He goes, hey, DT, just notice some bot pretending to be you replying to comments. And then he goes on to warn people in the comment section.  So there's these bots that go out there. And once you've gained a bit of a following on YouTube, your channel gets flooded with bots. And some of these bots pretend to be you.  They can't really have my name. A lot of times they'll have my name.  Stuff I would never use. And that's how you know. Anybody telling you that they're me and want you to meet me on WhatsApp or Telegram or Discord or any of that proprietary garbage, you know that's not me because I wouldn't use those. I've never ever used WhatsApp or Telegram ever. I don't plan on ever using those. So that's never going to be me plus I'm always going to have a checkbox next to my name, the real DT, because I'm a verified user on YouTube. So if that person claiming to be me does not have a checkbox next to their name, they are not actually me. The other way you know that it's not really me or really any content creator on YouTube that's actually posting these messages is because any content creator that makes a lot of videos and really spends a lot of time making content probably is not then in their spare time going to tell people, hey, now come hang out with me on WhatsApp and Telegram or where no they're not going to do. They have to have a life outside of, you know, all of the content all the video making, right? They're not going to then want to also in real life hang out with like fans of their channel or whatever. No, I mean, I really love the community I've built around my channel, but I don't want to hang out with you guys when I when I'm outside of working hours essentially, right? Once I've set aside time for myself, I'm not going to be hanging out on things like Discord, for example, or whatever it happens to be. So that's how you know if a content creator, if you see somebody claiming to be a content creator and they're telling people, hey, come hang out with me here, that's going to be a scam. They're trying to scam these people out of money in some way. I don't know what all the scams are about, but probably a lot of it involves, unfortunately, financing, investing, crypto, things like that. And the final question is, hey, DT, do you think that canonical have cleaned up their act since the whole Amazon spyware debacle? How do you feel about them as far as free as in freedom goes? I have no issues with canonical as a company as far as promoting free and open source software and the whole Amazon spyware debacle I thought that was way overblown. And we're talking about something that happened many years ago where what he's talking about for those that weren't around is in one of the earlier versions of the Unity desktop environment, they put an Amazon link. There was an icon on the launcher, you know, kind of like next to Firefox and your terminal icon. There was an Amazon box that would open your web browser to amazon.com with a like an affiliate link. So canonical could make a little money if you actually bought anything through Amazon, which I was fine with as far as I don't mind them making a little money if I'm going to go to Amazon and buy stuff anyway. I thought that was okay, but a lot of people had a problem with that. And I really didn't understand why because it's not like you couldn't remove that Amazon link and later what they ended up doing is making it opt in where you had to opt in to even see that link.  The only issues I've ever had with canonical over the years is that all of their software has not been open sourced. So I remember when I first started in Linux, you know, about 15 years ago or so. And I actually was a an Ubuntu user. That was my first Linux distribution as far as when I switched to Linux full time on the desktop. And a lot of their stuff on the web was not fully open source. They were using probably still our proprietary software to run their web forms. I know they had a proprietary service that was like a cloud syncing service that wasn't fully open source. Launchpad was not fully open source. There was a lot of stuff. And most of that stuff is not really relevant today. Some of that stuff is no longer with us. But some of the stuff that is with us that still kind of annoys me is Snapcraft. The Snap server, the back end to Snap packages is still not fully open source. Now that doesn't really affect you, the end user, because you can install Snap packages that are Snap packages of free software. And those packages are free software. When you install them, you've actually installed a piece of free software. The only thing is the servers that you had to interact with. A lot of that stuff is not fully free as in freedom.  I don't get why people feel the need to. Well, I won't say that. I understand why people trash big corporations like Canonical and like Red Hat, those two especially here in the Linux community. We love to trash these companies and talk about how bad and evil they are, even though nothing canonical or Red Hat have ever done has ever been on the level as kind of the stuff that Microsoft has done or Apple or Facebook, Google, things like that. It's really weird that the companies that are doing the most out there to actually promote Linux and to promote open source software that we in the open source community, we actually like to trash those companies. And I think a lot of this is just human nature. We love to pick on the guy on top. We like to bring the person on top down a little bit, right? If Canonical and Red Hat, you know, if, for example, Ubuntu wasn't a popular distribution and nobody used it. No one would ever talk about Canonical. No one would have a bad thing to say about it because if you're not going to go to a subreddit and try to start this massive thread trashing a company that no one really cares about and the distribution they make no one really uses, that's not what you do, right?  They're going to go, you're always going to pick on the guy on top, right?  You never punch down. So I really wish the people in the Linux community would really think about how they treat certain corporations. Again, Canonical, Red Hat, increasingly because of the popularity of Manjaro, which is a corporate back distribution. People really love making fun of Manjaro for various things these days. And you have to understand that if we're going to succeed with free and open source software, we, the open source community, we can't destroy ourselves, which is kind of what we're doing. We're destroying ourselves. We're eating ourselves. And at some point, we have to make sure that we're actually fighting the correct battles because there are certainly corporations out there that deserve our vitriol and our hate, but it's not the companies that are doing the most to promote free and open source software. Now, before I go, I need to thank a few special people. I need to thank the producers of this episode. Gabe James, Matt Maxim, and Mitchell Paul West. Why you bald? Homie, Alex, Armor Dragon, Chuck, Commander, Angry, Diokai, George, Lee, Mars, Drum, Nate, Erion, Alexander, Paul, Peace, Arts, and Adore, Polytech, Realities for Less, Rod, Profits, Rowland, Steven, Tools, Devler, Willie. I kind of flubbed that, but I'm not going to rerecord it. These guys, they're my highest-eared patrons over on Patreon. Without these guys, this episode of Haiti would not have been possible. The show is also brought to you by each and every one of these fine ladies and gentlemen, all these names you're seeing on the screen right now. These are all my supporters over on Patreon because I don't have any corporate sponsors. I'm sponsored by you guys, the community. If you like my work and want to see more videos about Linux and free and open source software, subscribe to DistroTube over on Patreon. Peace, guys. Amazon's spyware debacle talk about holding a grudge.


Words at war presents logbook. One, two, three, woof. One, two, three, woof. Got it? We'll start on your signal. Go ahead in ten seconds. All right, Jack. Say what you want. Say it how you please. Speak the truth of what you know. Now. I'm an Englishman, a sailor. My first name is Jack.  The radio people have asked me to tell you what happened. They tell you also what I'm fighting for. Me and others like me. Well, we were torped, or some of us got in a raft. We were lucky. I'd been so badly wounded I was losing consciousness. But I remember two or three things. I remember how one manor, I'll never know who, held on to me their whole time to keep me from slipping off. I remember MacDavid, the second engineer with it, with a little ore about three feet long, smacking away to scare the sharks. I remember lots of things. Yes, and we had plenty of time to think what it was we were fighting for. Plenty. Words at War. The National Broadcasting Company in cooperation with the Council on Books in wartime brings you another adaptation of an important war book, Log Book, by Frank Laskier, British merchant seamen. Laskier torpedowed three times in this war, lost a leg on the third, and during his convalescence was invited before the microphones of the British Broadcasting Company. The story he told electrified his countrymen. Now, Frank Laskier has written Log Book, a novel that doesn't tell his own life, but a story not unlike it. I was a tall lad for my years, insignificant member of a large family, and a problem to my parents. My father ran a laundry. A battle, silent, unrest, and went on in me. Come, boy, up to it. This is a laundry I'm trying to run, not a morgue. Where do these go? The large bundle of wet wash goes to Mrs. Brawerby and those fresh shirts to McCready's.  Is that all? That's all. Oh, uh, Jack. Yes, Father? I know what's he eating here. It's not because I'm your father that I know, but as a man who sailed the seas and knows the feeling. Dick's going to say he's working in a tanker. Joe's in a banana boat. And I'm in my father's laundry.   But why? You were a sailor. Mother's three brothers are all semen. Why am I of all the family? I know the sea. I know that it makes fools of wise men and wiser men of fools.  But don't run up too big a bill for yourself. But Father... No, no, no, they're waiting for the laundry, boy. Hurry it up now. Way home in the salt sea. My father was gentle. I almost wished he wasn't. I dreamed of being beaten by a cruel parent or making a desperate escape to a life at sea to the jolly tires and the Spanish men. My departure when it came was more ordinary. Sent one day to take laundry to a ship. I went to board as ordered, took the money from the chief officer and surrendered a parcel of clean shirts. On the gangway, picking my way over railway lines, I passed another ship and ran off. The duckyard gang was taking the box of timber from the ship's side as the duck filled with water. The gangway hovered loose and fluffy, ready to be swung up and inboard. And I passed the same. Hey there, you lad! Yes, sir? You want a trip to Australia? Yes, sir. I mean, yes, sir. Are you a team? I am. You got a father or a mother? No, sir. And I've been on one trip before. Come on, I'll get you on. The six shillings, a stolen laundry money and a boundless bath, I started my career at sea. His father was a laundry man, hella, bella, bella, hella, bella, bella, his father was a laundry man and he went off to sea to sea and he went off to sea. Gibraltar was passed early one morning, a clean, beautiful sight with the blue waters of the straits and the whiteness of a Spanish village on one side. Then, port side, I was rubbed right and left and gave one bearded lecher the scoundrel ten shillings for four filthy photographs. Then the canal, the red sea, the passion gulf. Then, abadan, with a greasy, pervading stenture crude oil, I learned the life of a ship and the life of the ports.  I didn't care much for work or for the bosons' watchful eye. Hey, you! Yes, sir. What do you think this is? Look at you. What do I think what is, sir? Looks like dirt to me. Dirt? When do you scrub this focusle? Oh, yes, now.  Look it down and scrub it, you hear? Now! Yes, sir. I know you're kind. Running away to sea for adventure. You'll not find it. Instead, you'll spend your life running away. And when you finish scrubbing that floor, get some fresh water and then scrub it again. And all he did was scrub the deck hullabaloo belay, hullabaloo belah belay with a boson always at his neck, hullabaloo belay. Poor boson. I didn't know anything then about the years that toiled behind some of our shipmates. When labor and the wives and mothers at home with struggles of their own, I had it all to learn. But I remember well what boson got for his years at Toil. One day, as I was doing some cleaning on bridge, the sailors were painting ship. I watched the boson as he was all up in a chair to the took of the foremost. Up he went, his bare arms and shoulders still wetted against the boo's sunny sky. Watch a ball in the tip of his head gleamed with sweat. Up, up, up he went. Hold it! Hold it there! Then the sailor below bent the end of the liner on the cleat and then suddenly the line slipped. He landed in a soft, huddle of eek. There was a foot as his head jerked back and burst on the pipeline.  The sun beamed on and the engine chuffed on like a tired old local train. That night, sewn up in white canvas, his body was laid on the poop deck covered with a flag. They tilted the hatchboard. The body turned one pitiful somersault and landed with a foot in the black waters. And he sank into the low and low into... We never mentioned the Borson. Went on. Australia, the Indies and then back again. And all the time I became cockier and more sure of myself. I was paid off at Falmouth, got my railway warrant and left for Rome. I got there at about 7.15 in the evening. I woke up the little warp to the door giving a creditable limitation of a sailor's role and then burst in. Hello, anybody home there? Hello, Mother. Hello, Father. Well, I say, isn't anyone going to even say hello? Hello, Jack. Oh, Jack. Why haven't you written in all these months? There she sits and all is still. I didn't realize then until years later the pain and disappointment that caused my parents. I went back to Falmouth signed on another tanker. Quite the old sea dog now. After all, I was 17. I learned to drink, to fight and grow a moustache. Then, after two more trips, I went back again to my parents. This time they looked so tired and all that decided to stay a while. I was 20 now with a beautiful belief in myself. I was ready to take on any sort of job selling and canvassing. Then, at the park concert in the intermission, I met a girl. You come to the park often? Only concert nights. There's something about listening to music outdoors. Yes, I know what you mean. It sounds so different out here. Cleaner. Yes, it does. That last number was beautiful. So was she. And so sweetly spoken, I fell in love with her. She taught me all I've ever known about clothes, politeness and good behavior. I began to have visions of settling down with a nice home with my wife. I worked hard here, trying to sell vacuum cleaners on a commission basis. It was the only job I could get. But I didn't collect any commissions because I couldn't sell my vacuum cleaners. Soon, my funds were gone. The result was a foregone conclusion. Taking my girl out required money. Something had to happen. I was completely done. I broke into ours, found 15 pounds and took it. The police were on my track almost at once. I was arrested and taken to a local prison.  The complete negation of everything that is clean and beautiful in life.  I... I brought you some cake, Jack. Thanks, mother. From there I was sent to a reformatory where I saw all the rays of model degradation. For solace, they let me have books, PG wardhouse stories about people who had so much money they apparently never had to think about it or about unpaid bills. But I could never escape from my awful little room, the prank bed and the mattress. Hope died. Nothing was left but an automaton wandering aimlessly through life. After two years and three months, they released me. I went home. Was welcomed and forgiven. I saw my girl once as I was striding along the street. She saw me, gave me one tragic look and asked me by. I looked for a job then, but there weren't any on land, so I went back to sea, surly and nasty, feeling cheated because I couldn't make a go of it and sure. I took to the roll of the fist, spoiling for a fight. I arrived at Kingston, Jamaica, got drunk in room with a drip three days. At Santa Marta, I repeated the performance and tequila. Three hours before the ship was due to sail, I was dragged from a cafe in a statement-defies description.  I deserted ship and then I sunk still lower. That ship going back to England? Yes, indeed. Want to sign on? Sure. I can use it, remember? Sure. Discharge book? No, sir. Sign here. We sail tonight. And it's England. Bare England. We'll see once again. That ship was a sailor's testimony. The food from the galleys' kunk. The foxtail was an evil smell infested in the hall. Fire bed was a junkiest breakfast with one frisbee blanket. The place had the oddifying smell of bugs about it. It permeated the old ship. Easy and dirty and the egg was terrifying. No refrigerator. One small ice box. Not in use. And the food? Salted beef with maggots and biscuits with weevil. For the rest of my life, I'd like to remember not to tap my bread in the table before eating it. And no free water. The issue was one half bucket a day per man and no soap. I remember in a cafe in San Pedro, I caught sight of myself in a fly-blown mirror behind the bar. A tall, thin man with a fish-belly complexion with ridges of dirt and grease. Then I heard the bartender say, Hey, you! Drink up, get it down and beat it. We don't encourage no wild pums here. What shall you do with a drunken sailor? What shall you do with a drunken sailor? What shall you do with a drunken sailor? Lie in the morning. In Melbourne, at the seamen's mission, we'll have a barge for some money. I'm sorry, no sum. But, of course, you could have a bath, if you like. After the bath, he offered me some clean clothes. We had tea together and talked. Barge, you're welcome. I feel different. I'm glad. Son, don't jump your ship. Why not? She's what you need to straighten you out. Keep on her. Work and try to recapture your love and understanding of beauty. Don't let it get you down. All on the bowling, the ship she is rolling. All on the bowling, we're not licked yet. That day, I went below and sang at my work. This time I wouldn't run away. I didn't. And at last, in Cardiff, I was pulled off and was free. Oh, I wasn't on the right track yet. Not by a long shot. But perhaps I was no longer on the way down. I went home, saw Mother and Father, then shipped out again. Then, in various ports of the world, I began to see there were things going on I hadn't thought much about. I began to see fascism. The effects of it. And it wasn't the pleasant sight. I saw it first in Las Palmas. One lovely spring morning, we tied up there at Mall. I just got to tie up after the second mate and the remainder of the watch. When everything was finished, I stood with the mate and lit a cigarette. What's going on down there, Mr. Matt? They're hungry. So is the average sailor. Oh, but these poor devils are in earnest. Look at that old lady. Look on her coat.    I turned around and saw a slush the cook coming up from the refrigerator. In his hand, he had a long strip of gristle and skin that is cut from the back of a sheep and is presumably no good for eating. The cook came up on deck and slung the refuse into the bin. Then he disappeared into the galley. Where are you going, Jake? I'm going to get that meat, the cook tossed out. Watch. There you are, old lady. Here. Good Lord, look at him dancing and delirious with pleasure. Here, you're not going to give her that. Of course I am. I wash it off, vessel. There we are. There we are. Mother, there we are. Over this way, mother. Here you are. Here, mother. This is for you. Oh, much is gratious in you. You stay good, dear. What is happening here? I was only giving my galley a little present. Give me that. She does not need that. No, wait, you give that back to us. You hear me?  You... Hey, Jake, come up here. Hit him on the jaw and get on board. Hit him on the jaw and get on board. Hit him on the jaw and get on board. You already got a meet. The policeman was out cold. It was looking for me the ship sailed that night. And came September the 3rd, 1939. I was in a pub at home with Dick, my old boy, old chump and a couple of other seamen. We were listening to the wireless. Well, that's it. It was coming, we knew it. Well, I'm signing right on again tomorrow morning. The missus and kid won't like it, but I'm going.  I'm with you, Dick. How about you, Jack? Yes, how about it, Jack? Ah, don't you listen to him, Jack. What do we owe this country? I'm asking you. Remember the last war and the profiteers? Well, they'll be around again.   What about it, Jack? You can count me in, Dick. I'm with you. Blow you in to the morning. Blow you in to the high hole. We're in it all together now and blow, blow, blow. Dick and I joined the gun school at Liverpool. We passed the course and got our tickets. I became merchant seamen gunner 909. We sailed out in separate convoys. Why did I go? I wasn't sure. I just went. What was I fighting for? What was I trying to defend? I didn't really know. Not then. I sailed. I came home two or three days at a time and sailed out again. On one trip, I found our street very quiet. My friend Dick was dead. I sailed out again. And on one of those ships says, 40-odd ships plunged and bucked along in convoys through the night and the phosphorus gleamed in the wake of the ships and I stood on deck at my gun, watching. Suddenly the world opened up in a blinding flash. In fact, I was breaking loose.  And suddenly I was thrown out where I tossed the deck full myself over it. And I didn't have anything where my right foot used to be. Knit's blood and despair and the groans of the fair and the groans of the fair over the poor ship's side. Then came the raft, the sharks, the rescue ship, the amputation and the norm. From Liverpool, they sent my mother a telegram and brought me on in a car. It was a bright, sunny day. The sky was clear blue and our own little street was still there, safe and intact. Mother stood in the doorway. She wasn't crying. I got out of the car. I pulled my two crutches after me. Mother came to me with her usual short, cuddling steps. Come on in, Jack. Your tea is ready. Some time later, a gentleman came to see me. Jack, dear, this is Mr. Defars. How do you do? I'm from the British broadcasting company.  I heard over in Liverpool that you might have a story to tell. But a good story, there might be a fiver in it for you. A good story? Yes, it'll be easy. All you have to do is just get to a microphone and talk. Now then, I'll make all the necessary... So that's the way they think of it. How do you mean? A good story. They always watch and they ghastly raft. The sharks snapping at your legs. And they want a good story. Well, now, look here. I came here to forgive me if I'm bitter, Mr. Defars. You get that way. Sit in here staring at two crutches and thinking about your life. So they want it a story. I'd give them one. After they left, I thought it out. Hear people, I'd say. I'm Jack Fisher. You don't know me. I'm one of the bad boys. Once I was plenty and full of life and hope that your system sent me to a reformatory. What good did that do to my immortal soul to learn the ins and outs of crime? You spent 80 pounds a year, dear taxpayers, to keep me there. And when I got out, you spent your time and energy in keeping me from a job. But when the war started, you forgot all about that. It was a rise, British sailors. Sail out and bring back our food for us. Don't find the torpedoes or the dive bombers or the raiders. Please feed us. Okay, we did. We'll fight your war for you. We'll win. But by heaven there'll be some interesting ceremonies afterwards. We'll win the peace, too. Good night. That's what I thought of saying. I sat in my room in front of the fire bed with one leg, crucifying myself. All the frustrations poured like poison into my brain. The fire became water, backwater, a deep dark ocean floating in the ocean with a dark body. It seemed to rise, floating gently to the surface, the clothes ballooning grotesquely about it. The air dealt back, water streaming through eyes and nose and ears. A great jagged gash in the side showed our death had come. The figure was revolving slowly in the water, up and up. I saw that it was thick, thick, my friend, looking up at me, his face unmasked. I felt a great peace then. If I could speak for even a moment for the people, the little people of the earth sitting at this microphone, my leg is a stump. I'm one of many, one of millions. I'm asked to tell you the truth of what I know. I'm a sailor, an Englishman. My first name is Jack. I'm quite an ordinary sort of individual. All we sailors are. We have a job to do. We do it. This is the story and now and willful. As the 28th program of Words at War, we've brought you a dramatization of logbook by Frank Laskier. The book was adapted for radio by Edmund Bernbriar. Part of Jack was played by Harold Young. The music was adapted and sung by Tom Glazer. William Meader was at the organ. The production was under the direction of Anton M. Leeder. Words at War will present an adaptation of the Ninth Commandment by Hendrik Willem van Loon, who will appear in person to tell the story of the rape of Holland. Words at War is brought to you in cooperation with the Council on Books in Wartime by the National Broadcasting Company and its affiliated independent stations. This is the National Broadcasting Company.


The realities of a warming planet are all around us. With nuclear science and technology, we can mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, monitor changes to the environment and adapt with techniques such as climate-smart agriculture. These are just some of the many uses of nuclear technology that make up the IAEA's multifaceted approach to climate change. The environmental challenge of our time is here. With the power of the atom, we have the tools to help tackle it. In Zimbabwe, nuclear techniques are helping a village to adapt to climate change, which has made droughts more frequent. When there is drought, actually, there is very little to feed the families and the parents have pressure to look for food, leaving children with no basic things like education. Chronic drought also meant families had no crops to sell. Without that income, many couldn't afford school fees. We had low attendance in schools. It was due to economic hardships. But now, this village is starting to thrive. Isotopic techniques determined the exact amount of water and fertiliser needed for crops. Using that data, a drip irrigation system was set up. It uses half as much water as before, but produces far more crop per drop. With bigger harvests, families can start selling crops again and they can afford to send their kids back to school. For last year, we had 895 learners in the school. But for this year, we now have 960. Due to the introduction of the drip irrigation, really I would like to say it was a blessing to the school. Innovations in plant breeding are speeding up the rate that better crop varieties can be developed to reduce global hunger. For nearly 100 years, gamma rays have been used to safely induce mutations and enhance the genetic diversity of crops, like barley or quinoa. Mutation breeding has already developed thousands of improved crop varieties with valuable traits for farmers, such as resistance to disease or tolerance to drought. Nuclear scientists are now taking a new approach using genetic markers to find the chosen mutant trait so that breeders don't have to grow several generations to find out if a plant has the desired mutation. So it's something that can accelerate and enhance the impact of mutation breeding. The goal is to be able to quickly identify a positive trait in a mutant plant and then introduce that trait in other varieties. What we hope to say to the member states in the future is first of all that we'll have a toolkit that allows us to introduce traits that are interested into their locally adapted varieties. And then equally important, I think that we can provide the training on how to do it themselves in the future. A global project to track the journeys of specific raindrops is harnessing the power of big data to monitor water supplies for our thirsty planet. Every month, for over 50 years, researchers have gathered rainwater from stations like this in Vienna and hundreds of other sites around the world. The unique isotopic signatures or fingerprints of each rain sample are recorded and this information is entered into a large online database where it's compared to similar data from surface water to see which raindrops end up in which rivers. This large amount of data allows researchers to better understand the water cycle. For example, how, when and where water is recharged. This information is key for managing water resources, especially in the light of climate change. The datasets and maps are available to download for free and can be used in many ways. For example, in Costa Rica, where they're helping the government identify key locations to protect groundwater so they can target conservation measures and avoid drought. We now know which areas need special attention. We know how to protect them to ensure water supply for now and the coming decades.


I want to start this video with the only physics joke I know. So the joke begins this way. There is a dairy farm that is having trouble producing milk. And so they call in these three consultants. They call in an engineer, a psychologist and a physicist. They ask them to look at the farm for a week and then come back and give suggestions. So the first one they call in is the engineer. And the engineer says that you know what the milking tubes, the milking tubes through which the milk flows should be just 40% wider. So that becomes more efficient and so on. Then the psychologist says you should paint the barn, paint the barn, the insides where the cows are kept, painted green. Psychologist says painted green as it's a nice colour and the cows will be happier and they'll make more milk.  And that's the joke. But I want to show that's not really silly. What the physicist did here was approximate the shape of the cow by a spherical model and we will come back to this. We will extend this idea, we will take the spherical cows forward and answer a big question like why are mammals as large as they are and not much larger or why did dinosaurs have a smaller head to body size ratio compared to let's say a dolphin or a whale. All this with just a simple model which gives some approximation to the shape of the cow. Now before we answer that question let's understand the meaning of two words model and approximations. So what is a model in the context of physics? Let me show it right away so we can say that this is a version. This is a version of a real physical system or thing. System can be a collection of objects, can be one object. So I'm just writing system slash object slash thing. Version of a real physical system, object or thing which provides approximate let's write approximate with a different color which provides approximate descriptions of that real physical system object slash thing. Alright so model is not the real thing it's something closer to a real thing. A quick example of models in the context of architecture could be these smaller models of houses, buildings. Of course they're not the real thing but they are still giving us a lot of insight into what the real thing is, how it could look like or how much space it might have. So it's really giving us approximate descriptions. That brings us to the meaning of the word approximate. So approximate we can say that this is anything that is similar but not exactly the same to something else. Now let's pick an example from physics. So let me hide just this. Let's say we take a cricket ball which is moving to the right and we are interested in figuring out its velocity after some time. There is some air resistance. Ball is facing some air resistance. Let me write that as AR. Ball has its own weight and it's possible that the ball could be rotating. This ball is rotating about its center and it's also possible that the ball is not a perfect sphere. It could be tapered from the top and also this weight which is due to the gravitational force. This depends on the height from the surface of the earth. So if this ball is going up and going down, there will be some change in the gravitational force on the ball and therefore there will be some change in the weight. Very extremely ridiculously small but still there will be some change. All of these variables, all of these things they make the entire situation very complicated. Too difficult to be analyzed. And that's what a real system is with all its beauty and glory, with all its details. It's very difficult. So what physicists do instead is that they create a model. They create a version of this real thing which will provide us with some approximate descriptions. And let's say in this case we are interested in figuring out the velocity of the ball after some time. So for this one what we can do is we can create a particle model. We just represent the ball with a point. With a point this is the physical model. This is the physical model. And here we can assume a couple of things. We can say that the weight, the weight of the ball is not changing. We can ignore air resistance. We can assume that it is moving in a vacuum. And then we can analyze the velocity. Also since this is a point object, not an object with dimensions, there is no scope of rotation. And why did we really ignore air resistance and assume that the weight is constant? Now that is really a skill which physicists develop. Which thing to ignore? Which thing that could be ignored which will not affect what I'm interested in? I'm interested in figuring out the velocity. And turns out even if we do include the factor of air resistance, yes we will get an answer which is more accurate. But the change between that answer and the answer that we will get from this situation doesn't really differ that much. The same goes with weight even. Even if we do not consider the weight to be as a constant, yes the answer will be closer to reality. But if we consider it as a constant, it's not really changing things by much. So this model, it provides some approximate descriptions, things that are similar but not exactly the same to something else. And these descriptions here would be having one weight, one constant weight, one velocity, point object and completely ignoring air resistance. Because they do not really influence the final velocity by much. So the big idea is that when physicists model a real physical situation, there may be a large number of aspects that might influence the situation. But if you consider all the factors, things become complicated. So we neglect the less influential parts of it, such as we neglected air resistance here. And then try to analyze the motion. Alright, now let's go back to our spherical cows. So the question that I want to ask is, why if you're running a dairy farm, why don't you make super cows? Cows which are twice as big, twice as big as this cow. And how would a super cow really look like? This is just a super cow. This is your soup. How do you draw this? Let's just take this. This is approximate description of the Superman logo. So super cow, normal cow. And what's the difference between them? We can say that one is toys as big as the other. But what do we really mean here? Well, the super cow is twice as size, but is it twice as big? How much more does it weigh, for example? If this cow's weight is around 200 kilograms, does it mean that this cow weighs 400? Well, if the cows are made of the same material and I guess they are, it's reasonable to expect that their weight will depend on the net amount of stuff inside them, the net amount of material inside them. And what would that really depend upon? The volume, right? More the volume, more amount of stuff inside, higher the mass. So for a complicated shape, it's always difficult to figure out the volume. But this is a sphere. All we need to know is volume is always dealt with in cubic units. Meter cube, centimeter cube, millimeters cube. There's always a cube in it. So you are multiplying three dimensions. In the case of a sphere, there's only one scale, really. That is just the radius. It's just the radius. So volume, we can say it's proportional to our cube. Volume will always be proportional to our cube if you're talking about spheres. So let's try and compare the volume of these two cows. For the first one, we can say, let's say that the radius is one units, one meters, just one unit. And the radius of the super cow, this is two. So volume for the first cow, it will be proportional to a factor of, just factor of one. But volume for the super cow, this will be proportional to a factor of two cube, our cube. So this is eight. So this means that the super cow really weighs eight time. It weighs eight times more than the normal cow. And all of this weight is supported by the skin of the super cow. So would it be able to do that? Well, the weight increased eight times when you doubled the radius of the super cow. Let's see, let's see the change in the surface area. So in the first case, we know that area is dealt in square meters, right? So this will be proportional to a factor of one because r is just one. And if you double the radius, then area proportional to r square, proportional to two square. So when you double the radius, the surface area that increases by a factor of four, not just two, but by a factor of four. Volume increased by a factor of eight when you doubled the radius. So a cow that is twice as big actually weighs eight times. It weighs eight times as much and has four times as much skin holding it together. Now, if you think about it, this means that the super cow has twice as much pressure pushing down on its skin as a normal cow does due to its weight. If I keep on increasing the size of a spherical cow at a certain point, the skin or organs near the skin will not have the strength to support this extra pressure and the cow will rupture. And that will be just embarrassing. So there is a limit to how large the cows can be and not just because of biology. Now, I could have drawn a real looking cow like this. And I could have doubled the size. I would have really arrived at the same conclusion that the super cow skin would really just rupture or break. So nothing really is lost by making this simple model, this simple spherical model, which is giving me an approximate description of the real thing. The approximate description here is radius being one meters. Now, I know what you might be thinking that it seems that you could argue like this for just about anything. And that's actually true. I can actually argue like this for any mammal. There is a limit to how big they could be. But still just for the sake of it, let me start with a better model, which would let's say provide better approximations, better approximate descriptions for the cow. So now let's at least include cows head. Here we have the normal cow and this is your cow's head, this is the cow's neck and this is the cow's body. And similarly, we have the super cow, which is just twice as big. Now, the head is doubled in size. So the volume increases by eight times and so does for the body volume increases by eight times. But let's look at the neck over here. The strength of this neck, we can consider it like a rod. That is a thicker rod will be stronger and a thinner rod made of the same material will be weaker. So a rod that is twice as thick, twice as thick as a cross-sectional area. And we saw that in the previous case, the area increases by a factor of four. But the weight of the super cow's head volume increased by eight times, volume is proportional to the weight. The weight is eight times as great as that of a normal cow, but its neck is only four times stronger. Relative to a normal cow, the neck is only half as effective in holding up the head. If we were to keep increasing the dimensions of the super cow, the bones in the neck would rapidly become unable to support its head, they would rather break. And this explains why the heads for the dinosaurs had to be so small in proportion to the gigantic bodies and why the animals with the largest heads in proportion to their bodies, such as dolphins and whales, why they live in water? Because objects are living water, their weight is supported by a force, this is called a buoyant force. And because of this upward buoyant force, the weight is acting down, but there is an upward force. So the net force on the dolphin's skin is considerably less. There is less pressure, there is less pressure on the dolphin's skin. So they are slightly lighter in the water, so less strength is needed to hold up the weight of the head. But over here there is no upward force, there is just all of this weight that is pushing the skin. And now we can understand why the physicist in the story did not recommend producing bigger cows as a way to deal with the milk production problem. But the bigger point here is that even just a very simple model of a real object, of a real thing, we were able to deduce some general principles about how big mammals can be. And that is the absolute beauty of physics. We will make many simplified versions of real systems which will have approximate descriptions of the real systems. But still we will be able to come up with some amazing understandings about the universe.


Everybody forced here ripping 21 22 1 and 1 basketball hobby 10 box full case number 31 Pick your team style Andrew G mavericks Caesar a sons Chihau Nets Chris S Thunder David K. Pistons Glenn W Hawks Gordon F Hornets house she and jazz Harper Grizzlies and T Wolves and Blazers hang L Wizards hang wine nuggets Jeff G Celtics Jonathan Q Clippers Jordan W. Nicks kin L Raptors Landon G Pacers Lee M magic Matthew X heat Mike I bucks or in W warriors Patrick S Spurs Ronald R bulls Ryan S Kings t-chan pelicans Tomomi has the Sixers Same t-chan has the calves it must have been separate or is it separated a bit there? no different to no different t-chan so T-chan Hong Kong pelicans t-chan, Oregon Cavaliers Yes, Tomomi has the Sixers Wayne S. Lakers Utah with the Rockets. There you go. Let's do it Live good luck to me everybody we're gonna live on tiktok. Oh boy Look to me football breaks after this everybody The chiefs and chargers the first Thursday night football of the year because I guess the first one's technically like a Sunday night football game As they stream it on the Sunday night football Whatever it is, but yeah, the Chargers chiefs the week two game was was the best That was two months ago Kyrie for the Nets four out of 99 Horizontal I think Thomas moments so Ruby here Ruby Thomas moments. It looks like Wizard Bradley Beale 1 at 25 awesome card wizards He would get so much more respect if he didn't play for the damn wizards Nice hit there for a hang L beautiful color match as well one of 25 Gators legend. Yeah, seriously, Paula really is Steph Curry warrior 79 out of 99 redemption here Demshin rookie dual Jersey auto purple. I believe that'll be To 15 rookie duel. Actually, I'm not sure the rookie dual Jersey auto 35 or 25 maybe Her at 17 Scotty barns Wow Another Scotty Congrats, Ken L There you go big Scotty card there. That'll be sick once you get it Magic Wendell Carter, Jr. 52 of 99 Rookie Jersey auto this way I guess Kid Cunningham Pistons 96 of 99 Sick one Detroit.  There you go Grizzlies. Is that that's Harper, isn't it? Wow Yeah, it is Harper so Harper had T wolves and Grizzlies in both cases tonight He had the Ant-Man downtown in last case and now he has a Jammer and downtown. Oh Harper, I'm gonna send a box that looks like a scratch on the actual bear there. I Think it is they're like a printing mistake. Maybe they all look like that. I do not know It's the first one I've had in my hand So I'm gonna send a box wrapper with that one Harper Beauty. Yeah, I don't I think that the scratch it might not be that might they might all just be like that and a 75th anniversary auto Celtics Robert Paris 77 of 99 my opinion that's Got Mavericks dirt Novitsky number eight out of 99 like a big glue glob under the sticker on the mag It's not inside of it. She's on the outside Strange that's what I don't know what's up with that Mavericks dirt Novitsky Oh Moody blue 29 of 35 rookie auto warriors There's like a speck of purple on that card too that's part of like the the foil though. It's interesting. You give dubs solid moody Got Jazz Rudy go bare numbered 65 of 99 Donnie calls him gobbler Magic Franz Wagner dual patch rookie auto three colors on each 36 of 49 Yeah, man, these are such fun breaks nice hit magic blue color match as well Love the Franz took down the Mavs last night. Oh black Panther comes out Friday You'll see that next week Heat rookie on our year at 795 at a 99 looks like the best Marvel movie in a few years It looks that way hope hope it is that way you're at 7 rookie to 99 And it's looks like a hornets like a teal Hornets. Yeah, book night rookie auto 60 of 99 James book nights Purple rookie Warriors Moses Moody 13 of 25 Who's that Conley Mike Conley dual Jersey auto jazz 44 at 99 about the jazz man there They're surprising this year colony and Clarkson Things man That big they got the jazz got to trade those guys. They got to stop winning games They're gonna mess around and make the playoffs Raptors rookie gold dollar no Banton 1 out of 10 Raptors base rookie there that scratches on the mag on the right and Phoenix Suns Who is this gonna be a vet? Jersey auto Amari stuttermire 48 of 99 on the Amare Cool vet hit there. They don't always see Amare in products game-worn Jersey auto He was arguably the best center in the league for a few years Like him and Dwight Howard I'm gonna ring that correctly McCollum Blazers base parallel numbered 70 of 99 Pelicans McCollum to 99 I may have said Blazers. I feel like I did but it's Pelicans McCollum rookie Auto I had to assume a bulls 34 of 49 Eagle bulls nice hit on the back there for you. That's gonna do it for the break. Thanks again everybody We got football for the rest of the evening


I've had an opportunity to work together with two of our youth and practice our ability to seize the key maritime terrain and demonstrate sea control and sea dominance here inside 7.0. A lot like the Olympics, we always want to be at the top of our game. We've got Olympics to train for years and years and years to perform once or twice to win a medal. We train every day, all the time, because we never know when that game, that race, that jump, that event is going to come.