Yeah, so we we Pretty much got a whole new set of features coming in in Opus 4 2 and these lights were updated yesterday around 7 p.m. And I also went to watch The game yesterday from inter so we should Talk about that if you guys want to talk about that. It wasn't that great But but anyway, I'd like to introduce myself. My name is William. I'm a product manager at OpenShift and I have here with me Chris but Speaking of Mike So I'm Chris Blume. I'm from the storage for you Nice and we're going to then talk a little bit about what's coming in 4.2 And a little bit of all the different features that we have throughout the platform as well This is going to build very nicely on what Brian already talked because again like some of these slides would be already We were the word already covered by him. That's great because I have a lot to talk about here But with 4.2 we have some specific teams that we were tackling as part of this release, right? One of the things that we we got as feedback from customers. For example was around air-gapped Installs so we are provisioning that now as one of the features in the platform We did a lot as well to expand the workloads that we can Now run in the platform more specifically Enabling GPUs to run a little bit easily on Kubernetes And then of course a lot of the features that we have now as part of our developer experience and developer tools That also run on top of the platform so Brian already mentioned this one of the things that you get with every OpenShift 4 cluster is telemetry you can It's an optional thing again You can disable that if you want but by enabling that you do allow this backend system that we have at Red Hat to read this kind of metadata about your cluster So it's all anonymized and whatnot but with this data We can not only see the the overall health of your cluster, but we can also Let you know that for example a new CVE came up and you also have for example a cluster that need to be patched In order to get that CVE Applied we also found again like a number of bugs that For I would say like 20% of them We were able to detect those bugs and let our customers know without actually talking directly with those customers So that was pretty much only based on the data that we received through the telemetry With 4.2 we are adding some new Platforms and new providers that we can now support through the two different ways that you can install OpenShift 4 if you're not familiar with that We have pretty much two ways to provision infrastructure for OpenShift 4 one is called IPI and the other one is called UPI So with IPI, it's what we call the installer provision infrastructure That is pretty much I'd say the the easiest way to get an OpenShift 4 cluster up and running and with With that installation we pretty much managed the whole stack so from the operating system to all the different Network settings and the creation of those resources on these different cloud providers like everything is then provisioned and configured for you using the installer But as an alternative you also can use the user provided infrastructure, and that's pretty much then you are on the hook in order to The mic not working properly Okay So with UPI you can then you are then on the hook to provide the infrastructure the networking and the operating system and what not But then you just use the installer to install the OpenShift bits on top of that infrastructure, right? So if you're going to then let's say kind of summarize all this different ways that you can install OpenShift on the OpenShift on the OCP side as we call it, right? We have done this full automated install the pre-existing install and we have also of course the the hosted offerings That we have in two flavors as well one of the flavors is what we call Aro or Azure Red Hat OpenShift So with that way you are running OpenShift, but that's managed jointly by Red Hat engineers and Microsoft engineers you can Create an OpenShift cluster directly from the Azure console. That's kind of very nice if you are an Azure customer But we also offer another flavor of that which is OpenShift dedicated and with OpenShift dedicated the management of That cluster is then done by the Red Hat engineering team in our SREs If we are then pretty much putting that side-by-side the UPI and IPI Installation modes, this is what the the installer provides for you. So again, it's pretty much automated all the way but then you have also the Things that you as a user have to provide when you're doing the UPI route But the installer can still do some of that for you for example generating for example the the configuration of Ignition and I'll get into more details about that later throughout the talk Looking at the the specifics of how that materializes for you as a user You see here for example the installation procedure on Azure and the installation procedure on GCP It's pretty much the same thing again if you're not familiar with OpenShift 4 you download this installer called OpenShift install It's a binary and when you run that binary you can pretty much say create cluster It's going to pop up and ask you a few questions Which cloud provider you want to use your credentials or SSH keys and whatnot and from there You pretty much hit enter and let the installer run for 30 minutes 40 minutes And you got a cluster up and running that is pretty much ready to to rock as a production ready production grade installation It's very I'd say straightforward and you can see how that's Compatible and very similar experience across all these different providers specifically that would 4.2. We are adding GCP support and Azure as well Just expanding a little bit on that disconnected installs Even though a lot of the installation and the procedure that we have been describing about OpenShift 4 it It relies of course on connectivity with the internet and with those back-end systems at Red Hat We also heard feedback from multiple customers Especially the ones running in industries like of course banking and help and whatnot that they want to run Complete air gap installation procedures. So we are now offering that as well with 4.2 but because of course you still want some of that experience that you get for Running upgrades for let's say multiple clusters that you have running on your infrastructure You can still do that But you'd have to of course have a local copy of those containers and those patches and those updates available Behind your fire. Oh, and that's kind of what we allow you to do now with 4.2 Another feedback that we heard from our enterprise customers was around the need for egress proxy So again, like sometimes you have to go through a corporate proxy in order to do any kind of connectivity to Internet and whatnot and this is kind of a nice way to Configure the entire OpenShift cluster the entire Kubernetes clusters and all those services to go through this proxy But you can configure that now from like a centralized location in in the cluster Specifically talking about OpenShift 4.2 and what version of Kubernetes is available with 4.2. That's one 14 One thing to notice here is that as we transition from 4.1 to 4.2 to 4.3 We're skipping one version of Kubernetes and that is something that we we can do and we will do When we think that's Something that makes sense So we're looking at the features available in OpenShift 115 and we are looking at the versions in 116 Given the timelines that we have to ship the 4.3 release we're like, I think we can skip that version and Get the the upgrade and the update handle it by the platform for you. So again, this is something that If you're looking for a specific feature in Kubernetes, it's good to know But if you are not as much concerned about that, but you were concerned about the whole upgrade process Even though we're skipping a version there that is all handled By us by by OpenShift. I mentioned this Capability of enabling GPUs in Kubernetes if this is something that you are you have tried to do in Kubernetes before You know that it's not the most straightforward procedure and you know that there are a lot of specifics according to the Implementation of GPU or the provider of that GPU that you have to do at those at the cluster level, right? Drivers and whatnot. So we are automating that and simplify that using an operator We call an FD and through this operator again You pretty much have a click install experience to enable GPU in every single loan that you have a GPU available Very I'd say powerful and easy to use again if you're doing any kind of AI ML workloads This is something that will be very interested in Leverage that I'll transition now to Chris to cover So I was told that you Not everyone could hear me earlier. So I'm Chris from storage BU and one of the cool things that we got or we're about to get in 4.2 is We will have the CSI the container storage interface in there and that will enable us to add plug-ins storage plug-ins to Kubernetes They're not in a Kubernetes tree. So we don't have to commit code to the Kubernetes project and wait for every Kubernetes release to get updates there we can develop that much quicker and then just use to CSI interface there and The Openshift container storage plug-in will leverage that but we also have a couple of third-party Developers that provide plugins there looking at the storage devices The storage operator will automatically set up Default storage class depending on where you deploy your Openshift cluster So if you go in AWS, you already have a default AWS storage class and you can go ahead and Directly use that storage class or if you're in VM where you have that available as well and the cool thing Additionally is we got local volume and the raw block as well so you can use whatever is locally available on your Openshift nodes and you can also forward Raw blocks into your containers to use for whatever you need and that's Especially helpful if you want to deploy something that's IO intensive like databases or anything like that looking at Openshift container storage We do get a completely new back-end so previously in Openshift 3 that was backed by a cluster of us and now we're switching that over to Ceph and Nuba and For the Ceph part, we're gonna use Rook and for the Nuba part. We're gonna call this the multi-cloud gateway as Everything in Openshift 4 is based on operators This will also have an operator to cover the install and the lifecycle including updates migrations and everything And out of the box it is designed to work at scale So if you have a lot of PV's then this is correctly designed for you already We also correctly identify availability zones in your Clusters, so we will try to Replicate Between those availability zones so you you never lose your storage obviously And another thing is we're very closely integrated with the Openshift So you do get your storage monitoring out of the box as well and Just to give you a quick look at that This is when everything is good. It's all green. You see your capacity your consumers still help happy about it and then When a node fails this all goes in into red and You see that obviously Something has failed You probably can't read it, but a node failed in this case and then we do see that You're supposed to do something and this in the back end also hooks into Prometheus So you get the alerts to wherever you configured And if you already use Open Shift 3 and you're wondering hey, how do I get over to OpenShift 4 then? We do have a migration tool for that so a migration tool will get you from OpenShift 3 over to OpenShift 4 and That will also include the persistent storage so you will be able to migrate over from your OpenShift container storage that's cluster based over to the OpenShift container storage. That's Saphon Nougat based. All right Thank You Chris So let's continue here. You heard a little bit about cloud.redhat.com. So that's our back-end system to manage the installation of OpenShift across all these different platforms and providers that we have So some of the updates for that particular System right we call it OCM, OpenShift cluster manager and in that view now One of the things that we are adding in OpenShift 4 is the ability that from from that single console you can pretty much launch into your specific OpenShift cluster console Straight from from from that view right so again as you manage like tens hundreds of clusters like that is something that It's quite handy from from that same view you also see right there in the corner that for example one of the versions of OpenShift that you're running there's an update available and again since we ship those updates over the air From there you can click update and you have the cluster then download and perform the update for you again That's a very I'd say streamlined experience to this kind of Software right especially if you're considering how complicated it can be to update a Kubernetes cluster like this is amazingly easy Another thing that we are adding to this view is the ability to do a cluster monitoring as well So in this screenshot we we don't have that here, but there is a new tab there At the top called monitoring that gives you access into like high-level monitoring data for For that particular cluster Let's see what else. Oh, and of course from from this Interface as well. You can also create a new cluster Using OSD. So if you want to create like a new managed cluster you can manage You can view the status of that cluster and create a new cluster from here as well Specifically talking about metering metering in 4.2 now is considered GA feature And with metering you can pretty much see consumption of resources for your cluster and break that down per namespace per pod or Even of course cluster wide as well This is something that comes also very handy Especially if you are running this across multiple providers Sometimes it's very hard to understand where your consumption actually is going which pod or which application is actually taking most of the Resources that you are running in your cluster and this is a kind of a way to do that again It doesn't matter where you're running you get this consistent view and report for that particular data set With cluster logging specifically if you're running 311 Starting with 4.1. We already made a lot of progress towards Optimization and performance. We are able now to restore pretty much three times the amount of logs in the same In the same cluster, but we are also reducing General resource consumption by 50 percent. So it's a lot of improvements there and with with 4.2 We're also integrating the the monitoring of this Logging infrastructure into the general cluster monitoring as well and you start to get alerts for when that infrastructure is not working properly So This is all good now. You have your I'd say base platform infrastructure running But you also now want to bring this workloads to to your platform and Brian touched a little bit on how Operators work and also that we have an operator hub I would highly encourage for you to browse the operator hub and see if there is anything there that it might be interesting for you Or to create your own operators and submit it there as well But we also in bad An operator hub experience inside the open-shift cluster for you and By doing that we also bring I would say kind of a special class of operators as well So those are of course our red hat products and also certified operators that they went through a very rigorous process through red hat to certify that those operators respect like security concerns and all sorts of other Validations that we do and that's kind of another I'd say peace of mind for you as an administrator that when you're using those operators those are Take consistent, right? With 4.2. We are also adding a new capability with operators in OLM. That's the Automated dependency resolution So if you're building an operator that for example depends on another operator until 4.1 You could do this declaration of dependency, but it was static So you could just like let the cluster know but it would still have to do some work to install the dependent For for that operator the dependency with 4.2 We are now handling that automatically and for example in this case if your operator depends on Yeager and depends on Cockroach to be You don't have to install those the OLM The operator lifecycle management is going to then pull those dependencies and configure that for your operator Now let's talk a little bit about the open shift console because we also did a lot of improvements here in 4.2 one of the things that we are Adding here to the cluster is the ability to extend the console For ISVs so again as you provision your Operator on the cluster you have now the ability to extend the console and Configure it a little bit how that experience is going to look like and let's say expose your console or your your your CLI Inside the open shift console itself like this is something that is very powerful again If you want to customize how your customers are going to see your operator your Software inside open shift We are also Adding a new dashboard again as you log it into open shift 4 You get this nice summary view of like what's happening with your cluster What's the overall health status and whatnot, but we are adding a couple more things here in 4.2 around like top consumers You can filter that down by resource by CPU and memory network and whatnot And this is one of the really Cool features that we are adding to 4.2. It's something that we are calling the developer console or the developer perspective There is this now toggle at the top of the console that you can go back and forth between the admin view or the developer view The nice thing here is again like as a developer Maybe you don't care as much about like what's happening at the SDN or at the network level or with all the specifics that are happening at The cluster you can really just focus on building code Deploying our application and what's happening with all my applications running. This is something that is it looks really nice And we have more demos and more slides on that too For example using the developer console if you want to create a new application you have like a couple of flows a guided flows that you can use For example, maybe you want to start from git You pretty much input the github repo there You say a couple things around like what kind of application that is it's a Java application It's a Python application you hit create behind the scenes. We're going to clone that github repo trigger a build Wait for the build to complete push that to the internal container registry and make their application deployed available for you that same flow now works for a couple different kinds of workloads such as for example serverless applications or traditional Kubernetes deployment as well and Once that application is then deployed this is pretty much what you get you have like a topology view that lets you see What are the applications that I have deployed in my namespace? What's the relationship of those applications? Maybe you want to access the logs for that particular pod. It's all very intuitive and integrated now, right? another Thing that you can see is the relationship between those applications again Maybe you want to group that in some way that makes sense You can now create like this this artificial grouping saying that this application and this other application They're part of a broad like a bigger component, right and and kind of orchestrate that you can of course Auto-scale that application here or I would say manually scale the application here using the console Or if you're deploying that as a serverless workload that is going to auto-scale and you can see that here as well As we talk about of course the developer console, let's talk a little bit about the developer tools One of the things that Brian also touched was on cold ready workspaces With 4.2 we're or actually it's not with 4.2, but right after 4.2 because Cold ready workspaces doesn't actually follow the same exact schedule as OpenShift. It's shipped as an operator that you can install and you can release in a different cadence, but Right after 4.2. We'll be releasing cold ready workspaces 2.0. That is based on eclipsages 7 There's a lot of new Capabilities in this release and it's the one release that I'd say it's like was really Re-architected to run on top of Kubernetes. So I'll highly encourage taking a look at that as well One of the things that we announced last week or two weeks ago Sorry, not sure but we announced recently is cold ready containers So cold ready containers is a way for you to have pretty much everything I'm talking about here an OpenShift 4 cluster running on your laptop. Sure. You do need Some kind of powerful machine But you do get all those things installed and the pretty much like you have these three steps like you set up Start and you have an OpenShift 4 cluster running on your laptop With all the operators that you want you can install more operators if you like That's also something that say that's very nice and that's delivered on I'd say multiple platforms as well So Linux windows and Mac One of the things that with 4.2 We are releasing as developer preview is the OpenShift pipelines or the new version of the OpenShift pipelines based on Tecton. Tecton if you're not familiar with it, it's a it's a new project that was Created based on K-native based on K-native like it started when K-native and now it moved to be a standalone project And it leaves now under the CICD foundation the cloud native The continuous delivery foundation. It's another foundation under the Linux foundation foundation foundation foundation But it's it's a it's a new modern CICD platform that It was designed to run on top of Kubernetes It was designed to deal with containers so again some of the assumptions that you see from more traditional CICD systems Like they they're pretty much now revisited and you can re architect that to be I'd say Design for this modern applications and modern workloads It runs as an operator, of course. It's one of the say Three like flagship operators that we ship as add-ons to the platform pipelines is one Another one is OpenShift serverless I will have a whole session talking about this in the afternoon I won't dive into details right now, but Sufestino that I'm really happy to announce that this is now a tech preview in 4.2 And we are marching towards making it a GA in the future release And you learn more about all this in the afternoon talk service match as well I'll mention more about that in the afternoon talk, but with 4.2. We are making service match now GA Which is something that I'm really proud and happy to announce again given that It took us quite some time because again these two and everything that was happening in that community and whatnot If you're following that, you know a little bit about history But we're happy to to say that it reached that Maturity level down that we're very comfortable saying that it's a GA technology in the platform and With that I would pretty much end with the high-level roadmap, but I have covered all if not Most of the items here already throughout the slides I May have went through quickly For some of them, but as you might imagine like this whole session is usually delivered by 10 or 12 p.m. For two hours So I kind of managed to try to summarize here for 30 minutes for you. Hopefully that went through well And that's pretty much it. Thank you


Hi everybody. So I've been reflecting on a simple way to think about my spiritual growth and this reflection may be useful to you as well. I call it the Four Rhythms of the Life Monastery. Those who haven't heard me talk about Life Monastery, I have a video about that where basically I look at my life as a monastery experience that I signed up for, my soul signed up for this particular incarnation, this time around the earth video game, as a householder, meaning someone who is not a monk, I'm not a monk, I'm not living literally in a monastery. I live in the quote-unquote modern world. I have, I work for money and I, you know, do the normal human, you know, not not human, I mean monks are human too, but the normal consumer things. So that's called a householder, a non-monk. But even as a householder, I try to see my life as a monastery experience and kind of to perceive my rhythms of my life, you know, prioritizing spiritual growth above all else, all else, or even you might say underlying all else. Like no matter if I'm, if I'm meeting with a client or I'm working on a spreadsheet or I'm cleaning the toilet or I'm eating food or I'm with my wife or I'm out shopping or whatever I'm doing, that the deeper purpose of it, there's a deeper layer of meaning and opportunity which is spiritual growth and spiritual aliveness, spiritual progressing on the spiritual path. So I want to share a simple four rhythm way of thinking about it, which is no matter what I'm doing, I'm, I'm, I'm doing one of these four things or I aim to be doing one of these four things anytime of day or night. It's one of these four things. One is to I'll start with rest efficiently, rest efficiently. And what do I mean by that is I'll just read the four rhythms to you and then we'll talk about it. So rest efficiently, get up towards love, nourish just enough, work without ceasing, those four. And I'll talk through each of these and how that maps on to every moment of my life. So rest efficiently is when I'm tired, I need to take a nap, for example, or even just close my eyes and just gentle breaths for a minute, something like that. Or obviously to get ready for bed for the night. Those are all examples of resting efficiently rather than, I don't know about you, but when I'm tired, it is so easy for me to play a video game or look at social media when I'm not being purposeful doing it. So surfing for too long, it playing a video game for too long, whatever other distractions in our modern world that entertains us instead of and really it's the opium for the masses. It entertains and addicts us, creates addiction to that entertainment that isn't, that is easy to overdo and that isn't proper rest. Like because after playing a video game, I still need to rest, right? Like I'm kind of amped up and I haven't really rested or, you know, Netflix or whatever. Like I still watch Netflix, I still play video game, et cetera, but that's in the nourish just enough column. I'll talk about that soon. Okay, so rest efficiently means whenever I feel myself tired and needing a rest, of course that is that required discernment to know when I need a rest versus when I need to work again, like to really reboot my energy and continue working purposefully on whatever I'm doing. But resting efficiently is definitely something I'm working on. Well, all four, all four of these rhythms I am definitely working on still, but I'm sending an attention to it and I'm sharing this publicly in part to give myself some accountability to work on these things and to keep talking about these things. And I, by talking about these things it gives me accountability and continued progress in them and hopefully that does something beneficial for you as well. I always welcome your comments below. Always, you know, take whatever I'm saying that might be useful to you, that sounds resonant to you and make it yours. You can borrow literally the language I'm using or you can change it up. You can do five rhythms, two rhythms instead of four, you can do 10. I mean, you know, each of us, I think the most longest lasting and powerful system that we follow is probably one that we have customized to our own style, energy, language, analogy, framework. So rest efficiently. That's number one. Number two is to get up towards love, to get up towards love.  And I take four naps a day. Those of you who don't know my, my productivity rhythm, I take four naps of about 15 minutes each per day, 15 to 25 minutes each. And I set an alarm for those naps. And when the alarm goes off, it's sometimes tempting to keep napping. But during my work day, I have purposeful things to do. So I, I need to get up. But, but so this getting up towards love is a useful reminder for me to, you know, I'm done resting efficiently. And now it's time to reboot my energy, get up towards love, let that love capital L love, draw me forth to getting up instead of being lethargic. Because it's too easy when we're resting to overdo it. Everything can be overdone. And the overdoing of it creates some desperation or some depression or, yeah, unhealthiness in physical or spiritual ways. So getting up towards love is a reminder for me whenever I'm resting, napping, closing my eyes for a minute, whatever I'm doing, okay, I'm done for now. It's enough for now. And that, that enoughness is always just a constant practice of discernment. What is enough? What is enough? And it's, it's, you know, no one can tell me, no one can tell you, no one can tell anybody like, okay, resting for 15 minutes is enough or four hours. I don't know. I mean, it's, everyone has their own needs, right? So getting up towards love is this reminder that, okay, it's enough rest. Let's get up and go towards love again, let love draw you forth into the, the other rhythms of life. So that's the second one, getting up towards love. The third one is nourish sufficiently or nourished just enough.  This is hanging out with my wife. This is, you know, playing a video game. It could be, but like doing it purposefully and like setting a timer so that I'm nourished just enough.  Again, that's, that's a sort of underlying practice is what is enoughness and to sense that enoughness just enough and then move on to the next healthy activity as the, as the dow flows to the next thing purpose, purposeful movement towards the, towards, towards what's even better to do now. So nourish just enough is like I said, food, media, entertainment, hanging out with loved ones, friends. However, we rebuild ourselves other than rest. There's rest and then there's nourishment. So it's like both are, both are important and for self care, essentially. So nourish just enough is again also something I'm working on. Like in the evening when, when I'm having dinner with my wife, you know, like we're watching Netflix or whatever to do it just enough instead of like, oh my God, oh, this is such a great show. Let's keep watching and then don't go to bed on time, right? Like, and then next, next day I'm regretting it. Like I wish I slept longer or slept earlier, something like that. So nourish just enough, which then leads into the, you know, needs into either work or rest, right? So that's the fourth one is work with love or work without ceasing. I should actually say work without ceasing. That's the fourth and final rhythm. And work without ceasing. I've talked about this in another, in another video recently. So you can watch that one if you want to, but work isn't just working on my business. It isn't just working in a job. Work without, work without ceasing can also mean household chores, but anything that requires effort, like physical effort is probably work. It's either getting up towards love or it's work without ceasing. It's it's physical effort, mental effort. You might say emotional effort is, is also work. So it's not just, it's not just literally, oh, I'm building my business, but it's, it's, I'm working on myself too. You know, I am activating this new habit that I would like to install into my life. That is self, that moment of decision and intention and action is also work. It's also work. So work without ceasing reminds me of, well, I signed up for this life, not to play video games or to watch Netflix or to serve social media or to eat delicious food. That's all involved. That's all part of it. But that's more of a break. That's more of a nourishment for the main purpose of life, which is to work. That's my opinion. I think because after this life, we get to be in the spiritual realm again, where eternally, eternal soul connection, creativity, love, enjoyment, everything so easy over there. Again, I have a very strong faith about the afterlife and eternity and that this life is just a temporary blip, a video game, a soul gym, life monastery, whatever. I've been using different, analogies or metaphors for years. Soul gym is one of those analogies that has stayed with me for a long time and that's what this life is. We signed up for a gymnasium experience of about 80 years or so. Some people live less time in this gym and some people live much longer. But we didn't come to a gym to go to the snack bar or to hang out in the lounge or to use the restroom. Maybe some people go to the gym to take a shower. But we came to the gym to use the weights, to use the workout machines. The workout machines are the problems of this life, the opportunities of this life, the problems in the world, the problems in our consciousness, the problems in our families, the problems in our communities, the problems in our work, in our relationship, in our health. Those are the workout machines that make us stronger in spirit so that by the end of this video game earth experience this time around, we're like, wow, I learned and I grew through that experience. That was really, really intense. I didn't know this was a video game when I was in it. But wow, now I realize, now that popped out of my body after death, I'm like, oh wow, that was really real, that dream. I didn't know I was in a dream. But now I'm awake. And my gosh, those choices I made, many of them I wish I could do over, but many of them I'm proud of. And I made choices that grew my muscles, my spiritual muscles, and expanded my understanding of and wisdom about life. And so that's what I see this life being about.  I welcome you to join me and reflect together. You know, comment below and tell me what your reflections are. But these four rhythms are ones I'm going to keep in mind and keep working with for the next couple of weeks, months, see how it fits, see how it fits, and see whether they, maybe there's a better way of thinking about it, working with it. And of course, I will share that with you if I discover something that works better for me. And I hope you will share with me in the comments below in these life monastery videos what is working for you to treat this life sacredly, with great purpose, aiming not to waste a single moment. And yet, being always forgiving of yourself and your so-called mistakes, knowing that every moment, every choice you make is an experiment. And it's a test, actually, as well. It's testing your character and the mistakes that we make, which I make all the time, often, and are just another experience to hopefully learn from and grow from. And ultimately, it's okay, right? I made another video recently called All As Well, and you might check that out as well to understand the underlying security and well-being of this life, no matter our choices. But here, again, I'll finish the video by reminding us, reminding me at least of these four rhythms, rest efficiently, get up towards love, nourish sufficiently, and work without ceasing.  And not just physically, but emotionally, mentally, spiritually exhausted, because life is hard. I don't want to say especially now, but it's, in many ways, life is easier now than it was 300 years ago in many, many ways, physical ways. But it's harder because we have way more choices now than we did 100 years ago, 50 years ago. We have way more choices now, and that choice overwhelms us. It's like a different kind of exhaustion that we experienced today is an exhaustion of choice, of financial pressure. It's so funny though, it's so funny, because even the poorest person today has more physical amenities and comfort than rich people of a thousand years ago, for example. Poor people today have all kinds of refrigeration, electricity, running water, I'm assuming, not talking about the depths of adjudic poverty, but most of us who are not wealthy have at least, we can at least pay the basic bills, and that's better than kings from a thousand years ago. We have a different exhaustion today, which is the exhaustion of opportunity, of choices, of envy actually, because we are tribal beings and we look at what others have and go, oh, it's not enough that I can pay my electricity bill and have rice and beans and have a roof over my head. That's not enough, because look at that influencer and they're traveling to, you know, this country and that place and they get to hang out in these events and I should have that too, and even if you don't consciously think that the things you see on social media and in the media create dissatisfaction. It creates, well, some people say it creates aspiration towards those kinds of lifestyles, but if we are, if we're not careful, we get attached to, well, I want that and the wanting of that creates suffering. It creates dissatisfaction. It creates not enoughness, and therefore all of these not enoughnesses that we see out there, oh, I want that, I want that, I want that, creates exhaustion, creates overwhelm, and the choices of getting there creates overwhelm and exhaustion. And so that's why rest efficiently is number one in my rhythm, is that probably we all need to practice yet again the skill of resting well, resting efficiently, including getting a good night's sleep, which means you need to close out the evening on time, work without ceasing to be able to say, all right, evening rhythm, it's got to be really disciplined. Discipline is work without ceasing, right, to have disciplined evening rhythms, so you can sleep enough, you can practice good sleeping hygiene and good yoga nidra, good ability to sleep well, rest deeply, rest efficiently, so that you can get up towards love, et cetera, et cetera, et cetera. So anyway, I hope this is, this video is interesting in some way, helpful in some way to you. I look forward to seeing any comments you want to share below. Thanks.


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Hello and welcome to Screencast about integration by substitution. The example we're going to look at today is an indefinite integral. So it's the integral of sine of 4x dx and whenever you kind of use those words of or whenever you think of, oh, this would be a chain rule problem if I were doing the derivative, any kind of a composite type function, that's how you know you're going to want to use your substitution. Okay, so then we want to be able to form our function derivative pair and let me get a pen color here. So the way you want to do that is again kind of look for your inside function, look for the inner function, look for something that when you take the derivative of it, you can match it up with something else that's in the integral. Okay, so for example for this one, our inside function is 4x because that's the function inside of that sine function. And when I go to do the derivative of that function, that gives me 4, dx. Okay, so this is your Leibniz notation and that kind of stuff, so don't worry too much about that, but just make sure that you've got all your pieces in here that we need to match up. Okay, so sine, we know how to do the anti-derivative or the integral of sine. We've got our function here, so this is going to become our U. So now we have to match up this dx. Well, you notice when we did our derivative we had 4dx. So how can I get rid of that 4? Well, divide by 4 or multiply by 1 fourth. So 1 fourth du is dx. Okay, so now I'm going to rewrite my integral. So that's going to come over here. It's going to be the sine of U because that's what my 4x is. And then I've got 1 fourth of du because that's what my dx is. So just kind of think of this as a puzzle and you're just trying to fit all the pieces together. Now having this 1 fourth in between the sine function and the du is a little bit awkward. So hopefully you guys remember that you can just pull those constants right outside of the integral. So we now have 1 fourth the integral of sine U du. Well, sine of U, that's a function I can definitely find the anti-derivative of. So remember to do that, you want to ask yourself the question, what function, when I take the derivative of it, will give me sine of U? And that of course is negative cosine. So my 1 fourth needs to come along. I've got negative cosine U and then of course since this is an indefinite integral, we always want to put our plus c on there to generalize this and know that we've got some constant hanging around. So now all we need to do now is just take our U and plug it back in. So our final answer here is going to be negative 1 fourth because I like those two things to go together a little bit better. Cosine of 4x plus c. So that would be then your indefinite integral for this. How do you check it? You take the derivative. So I'll just take that for just, we'll just do this one time. So to check it then I want to do the derivative, so my negative 1 fourth is going to come along because it's a constant. The derivative of cosine is negative sine. The inside function stays the same with the chain rule. And then I have to multiply by the derivative of that inside function, which is 4. And guess what? We get right back to where we started because the negatives are going to cancel each other out, the fours are going to cancel each other out, so I end up with the sine of 4x, which is exactly what I wanted. Thank you for watching.


Thank you for coming today to my talk about D-RUN, so Public Variable Randomness Explained. So I'm Yalan. So this is a disclaimer for our American friends. I'm from Switzerland, not Sweden. So it's not the same thing. We got the chocolate and the cheese. They got IKEA and, I don't know, a lot of snow. I'm a CTF player. I'm an applied cryptographer at Protocol Labs. So not to be mixed with a Web3 developer, so please don't come after me. And yeah, I got a math background, but I will try to make these as simple as possible. It's about computer sciences and computer engineering, not about math today. So what are we going to see? Well, we're going to see what is randomness, and then we will see what kind of flavors we have for randomness. What are the different kinds of randomness that we have? Finally, well, next, we'll see why we need randomness, what kind of problems there are with randomness, and how to do it properly in practice. So what is randomness? It's a good question, right? So we can look it up. According to the Cambridge Dictionary, randomness is the quality of being random. Great. That's it, right? Well, granted, they refine it a bit. So it's a quality of being random, which means happening, done, or chosen by chance, rather than according to a plan. If you look at other dictionaries, you can see maybe better definitions, such as according to the Oxford Language definition, it's the quality or state of lacking a pattern. And that notion of lacking a pattern is super important for randomness, and we'll see why in a minute. So here are five random strings. Does the first one look random? Yeah, super random. Does the second one look random? Well, the second one is actually random. How about the third one? Not random, obviously not. Next, we've got the fourth one, which looks really random, right? Unless you look at it in hexadecimal, that doesn't look random then anymore. And finally, the last one has an obvious pattern, so it doesn't look random neither. So the important thing to remember with randomness is that all of these values add the same probability of occurring at random if you were to pick a random number of that size. So it's really difficult to say if something is random or not. We can try to do that. We can have some intuition of what is random by looking whether there are patterns or not. And there is a more formal academic treatment of randomness that is called the Kolmogorov complexity, which is basically the notion that if you can compress it, if you can output it in a smaller form factor, then maybe it's not so random. So typically, here I can represent the first line with just 19 characters instead of the 48 characters I needed to display it in full. So it doesn't really look random according to Kolmogorov complexity neither. But today is not a talk about Kolmogorov complexity. It's not a lecture, you know, so we will get into what is randomness and its different kind of flavors now. So first, I want to talk about the notion of public randomness. So public randomness is the notion that you want to pick a random number and reveal it to everybody.  That's a different notion of randomness than the one we're most used to, which is that of secret randomness. We very often use randomness to generate secret keys. Whenever you connect to a website nowadays, you're using TLS, or at least you should, and TLS is using ephemeral keys. An ephemeral key is a random secret value that is drawn from your computer and it should be random to ensure your security, well, to ensure the privacy of your communication channels. We typically use secret randomness for generating secret keys, your PGP key must should be random, your Bitcoin private key should be random, and so on. It's very important to never use public randomness as a source of randomness to generate secret values, so please do not use a public random value to generate your next PGP key. It would be easily broken. Next, I want to talk about the notion of verifiable randomness. That's something we don't see too often, but it's really important with public randomness because they combine together really well. So verifiable randomness is basically a random value that you can verify it had been generated properly. So if you can verify the random value is actually random, then maybe you can trust it more, and that's really interesting for many use cases. We'll see use cases soon. So another big problem with randomness is the notion of distributed randomness. So nowadays, the internet is becoming more and more decentralized. There is this notion of web three where everything should be more and more decentralized and distributed. Agreeing on a random value as a group, so aving consensus on a random value is really difficult if you want to ensure it's unpredictable, for example, because if you cannot predict it, or can you be sure everybody's going to come up with the same random value, right? So achieving consensus on random values is difficult, and you can look at blockchain, for example, like Ethereum and that kind of blockchain that are running smart contracts. If you want to run a lottery on Ethereum, it's going to be difficult because it is fairly easy to predict future values. And there is a huge problem in the space currently with the MEV. So it's when miners can extract more value out of the block than just the reward from the transaction fees and the classic, the normal reward. That kind of things are difficult. So I gave you some hints of why we need randomness already, but I'm going to go over a few more use cases now. So public randomness make a lot of sense for lotteries, jury election, audits, random sampling, and that kind of things. The secret randomness is really used and very important for all cryptographic protocols out there, from TLS to SSH. You're probably using secret values, secret random values daily. Next, we have a few more use cases that might be less obvious, such as sampling. If you are running a medical study and you need to sample people at random, or do you do to make sure it's random and somebody didn't select their friends or something like that, it becomes even more interesting if you're looking into use cases where people are introducing, for example, basic income in the country and they need to select people at random because corruption and that kind of things are still a thing nowadays. And if you cannot do random selection properly, if you can bias it, then it's really bad. So a very good example of that is like a month ago, even less than a month ago, a few days back, we could see that both the former FBI director and his deputy were selected at random by the IRS for an intensive audit. That's an exact, that's a really good example of why we need public verifiable randomness because now nobody's going to trust the IRS is actually selecting people at random, right? Next, we'll see ways or problems with randomness. So it's something cryptographers will say very often, randomness is hard. And trust me, I've been doing a lot of code audits where I was looking at other people's codes and the most common flow was usually randomness. People will introduce bias or make the randomness predictable in ways that would break their whole systems. And these are the two very important properties we usually want to have with secret randomness or even proper randomness in general. We want it to be unpredictable and we want it to be bias resistant. So why do we want it to be unpredictable? Because if you can predict random value, you can most likely cheat or do something bad. If it's a lottery, you could predict the winning ticket and win it. If it's in a game or if it's in an audit, you could warn people or do nefarious things. So we really want it to be unpredictable. For cryptographic protocols, it's even more important because if you can predict the randomness in a ECDSA, for example, you can actually do a full secret key extraction.  Secret key extraction is something you don't want to have, right? And why unbiased? Well, this is tricker because having a bias is not always a bad thing. Maybe you want to select more people in your studio that are between 20 and 30 years old or whatsoever. It depends what you're doing with your randomness. But for cryptographic purposes, for secret randomness, you really, really want it to be unbiased because just a one-bit bias can also leak your secret key if you've been signing enough things, be it transactions, be it emails, whatever you're doing with your private key. If you sign enough messages and you have a bias in your random number generation, we can extract your private key. And that's the worst thing that can happen, right? And that's true for all cryptographic schemes that are most used nowadays. So it's not necessarily true for RSA, but RSA has been phased out nowadays and we're using Schnur-like signatures such as ECDSA, EDDSA, Elgamal, Schnur, BLS, and so on. And these are very sensitive to bias randomness. So maybe you've been coding already and maybe you needed to draw a random value. Or would you do that? Well, a very easy way to draw a random value is just to call your operating system random, get random syscall, right? So most programming languages offer such calls through OS or whatsoever module. So here is an example. To get a random number between zero and 255, we can just draw a random byte and convert it into a number. That's fine. It's unbiased, it's good randomness. If you've got a modern computer, nothing to worry about. But if you don't want to pick a random value between zero and 255, say you want to pick a random value between zero and 106, so you have 107 possibilities from zero to 106. Or would you do that? Well, most people will think, ah, I just reduced it to 107, right? That's a very easy way to just slash the extra values you could have gotten in your bytes. But that's actually not a good idea at all because these is called modular bias. And here is a graph of why modular bias is bad. So if you do that, your lower values will have a higher chance of being drawn. So here in this example, we're drawing one byte. So we have 256 possibilities and we are converting it into a number that's smaller to 107. And that means we have the 42 lower values from zero to 41 that are more likely to occur. And this means you've just leaked your private key if you were doing a cryptographic protocol or something like that. So it's really important not to reduce modulo, the target value if you're doing secret stuff with your randomness. The best way to avoid bias is just to rely on your cryptographic PRNG to give you proper values. So most libraries from Python to go to Rust, you can even find some in C but with coding in C, right? All of these languages have standard libraries that provide you with good randomness, good random numbers that are unbiased and easy to sample. You can also read my blog post about how to avoid modulo bias. It's the link here. I'll post the slides on my website. I guess MCH also posting the slides online so it should be fairly easy to find if you want to read more about modulo bias. Last time I talked about that, somebody asked, hey, what if I just divide by 255 and multiply by the value I want to get? That's unbiased, right? Well, no, because precision and floating points number are going to kill you again. So this is not going to be bias like the modulo bias. So you won't see a heavy first half of the graph, you know? But you will get spiked in the middle of your graph. And that's also terrible. There is a really good blog post by the PCG random team which are really going into the details of how PRNG and randomness works are highly recommended if you want to learn more about not choosing floating points. So in practice now. So in practice, randomness has been really difficult for a long time, but we've mostly solved it on personal computers. The somewhat unsolved thing was public verifiable randomness. So that was first proposed in 1993 by Rabin. The notion that even a trusted intermediary could release trusted public random numbers was introduced, but you need to trust somebody who wants to do that, right? So there are websites that offer public randomness. For example, random.org claims to be using a true random generator or collecting the atmospheric noise and giving you random values. But how do you trust them? It's just a website. You can't really look into their system. It's not open source. It's super annoying too. So, ah. Next, you have NIST. You know the NIST standardization body in the US? They're very active in the cybersecurity space and for cryptographic protocols and everything. And so they released the first public verifiable trusted randomness beacon in 2013. But NIST is also very famous for trying to bias randomness with their dual ECB random generator. So who would trust NIST to run a public randomness service, right? So there have been a lot of previous attempts at doing public randomness, right? And one of them was an academic world work roundhound and it seemed like a really good way to achieve this. Sadly, it was using short signatures. It was relatively slow. Had a lot of network overhead. So the question was, can we do it in a simpler and faster way? The answer, actually, is yes. So just like we have NTP servers, DNS servers, certificate transparency servers and that kind of things, we were thinking the internet really needed a public verifiable randomness protocol that anybody could use. And that's exactly what DRUN is about. DRUN is an open source software. It's coded in Go. It's coming originally from EPFL, so it's been studied by academics. And then it was launched later by many people. We'll see that later. But DRUN is relying on cool threshold cryptography and it's providing the nice thing we want with public verifiable randomness. So we'll get into the details now. DRUN is meant to be decentralized. So DRUN is just the software and you can run it on multiple nodes. And when you run it on multiple nodes, they connect to each other to form a network. And that network is using threshold cryptography, which means you just need a threshold number of nodes to be available for it to produce randomness. That randomness is going to be unpredictable, bias-resistant, unverifiable. So it's really good public randomness. The randomness is currently chained. So each new beacon is linked to the previous beacon. So if you don't know the previous beacon, you can generate the next beacon. So it's really helping with the unpredictability. And as long as you even compromise the threshold number of nodes, you're guaranteed, you cannot predict the next round. It's really easy to use. This is the JavaScript code to verify DRUN randomness. So you can see it's very few line of codes. You just need to import the BLS12 381 code from a novel library and then it's very easy to verify. The threat model behind DRUN is basically that of a threshold network. So you have a set of nodes and together they are going to generate randomness every 30 seconds. And they do that by relying on BLS signatures. BLS is a threshold signature scheme and you just require, for example, currently 13 members to generate a valid signatures to get a group signature. And that signature is valid under the whole group public key. And that group public key allows you to verify randomness was generated properly. The security of BLS and that kind of threshold cryptography is fairly good as long as you don't get a quantum computer. So we should be fine for the next five to 20 years, I guess. Also, it's very important your secret key stay secret and so on, but we'll see that in a minute. DRUN is also exposing public APIs. So you can just query it online. It's a REST API. You can curl it. You can use it in your browser. And you get the randomness on the signature which allows you to verify the randomness was generated properly. While DRUN is just a software and is exposing on points and everything, you can't really use it unless you have a network, right? So that's where the League of Entropy comes in. The League of Entropy is a set of companies, universities and research teams that came together and decided to run a DRUN network to provide public verifiable randomness to anybody who needs it. It was first created in 2019 with 10 members. It has since grown to 16 members with 23 nodes on the threshold of 12. I think we just ran in the last ceremony we were now maybe 24 nodes on the threshold of 13. Everything is open to rules. You can look it up and it's, yeah, fairly interesting. The nice thing with DRUN is that all nodes can provide their own entropy during the distributed key generation. So for example, here, Cloudflare is using their lava lamps as a source of entropy in DRUN. So it's true randomness, you know? And DRUN is collecting the randomness from all the members that run the distributed key generation. And that means it also should be fairly solid in terms of unpredictability. And that's a nice to a thing. DRUN has been running for, well, the League of Entropy has been running DRUN for now two years. We just crossed two million rounds last week and we had zero downtime. So it's a really good battle-tested system if you need public randomness. And what can we do with DRUN? Well, we can obviously do lotteries, we can do gumbling, we can do a lot of things. But something I'm super excited about is time lock encryption. And that's something we researched in the past six months, mostly. And to enable that, we needed to be able to run multiple networks on the same DRUN node. So we recently introduced the notion of multi-protocol support, which means a single node can run multiple networks. So we can have a post-quantum network, we can have a very fast network, we can have a very slow network. We can have also, instead of a chain randomness where each beacon is linked to the previous one by its signature, we could have a unchained network. And the really nice thing with unchained network is that you can predict the message that is going to be signed in two days or maybe in a week. And if you can predict that message, then you can use very fancy cryptography to do time lock encryption. And this is something that's amazing because time lock encryption is an unsolved problem since 1993 as well when it was proposed on the Cypherpunk mailing list by Tim May. And time lock encryption is using pairing-based and identity-based crypto just like we do with DRUN. And it means it's very easy to integrate with DRUN. So each DRUN round, I told you, is produced at a given time. So for example, we produce currently rounds every 30 seconds on the current network. We are probably going to launch a faster network, but the current network is staying, right? We can run multiple network at once. And every 30 seconds, we get a round. So in five minutes, it's just 10 rounds in the future, right? So we can link DRUN randomness on rounds and becomes to future time. And that means we can use time lock encryption to encrypt towards a future round. And that's a super cool thing. I'm not going to explain it because it's going to be released next month at DEF CON actually. So we'll be releasing time lock encryption based on DRUN. You can use it for a lot of things, including a dead man's fully yet responsible disclosure system. We're going to release a time lock encryption open source library. We're going to release a JavaScript web app as well running in your browser. So I'm super excited about that. Finally, we would love you to use DRUN, right? So we created this cool public randomness server and anybody can use it. You can verify its random. You can use it in your, I don't know, lotaries in your jury election to select people at random for your audits. You can use it in smart contracts and so on. So please don't hesitate to use DRUN. Currently, it's mostly used by Filecoin to do leader election. There is a company in the US that actually is using DRUN randomness in their gambling system to generate random values for their gambling machines. It got authorized by the Gambling Federation in the US, so it's pretty cool as well. We got a website explaining everything about DRUN in case you are interested. And another cool thing you could be doing is decide to join the League of Entropy. So come and join Cloudflare, Protocol Labs, and the many other members of the League and you could run a node. So if you're used to have high availability servers or something like that, please come and talk to me. We would be thrilled to expand the League of Entropy because the more members we have, the higher the security and the trust in the network will be because of the fact that you just need to trust a threshold number of nodes. So as long as you're sure there are enough diversified members in the League of Entropy and that they are not going to collude together, you can trust the League of Entropy to produce fair and buyout randomness. That's it more or less, so thank you for coming today. I'm... Thanks a lot, we have time left. And if there are any questions, please line up at the microphones in the middle of the room. Anyone? Yes. Front microphone, please. Step close so that we can hear you. Yes, there we are. Thanks for the talk. Important work, I think. I was wondering, do you have ready-made scripts or programs too? How do I put this? For people to afterwards verify that things were indeed random and correct, make it easy for people to check this, actually. Yes, so I didn't go into the math too much, but basically the random values is generated from a signature, so from a BLS signature. And the random rounds are made of all the information you need to verify that signature. And you just need to use the public key of the network. So if the signature verifies under the public key of the network, then you can be sure it was properly generated by the network. And if the network is not managed use, then it's good. So you can do that by either querying the DRUN on points and getting the beacons, or you could, in your application or whatsoever, include the signature as well as the randomness. So people can see they can derive the same randomness out of the signature. To be more precise, we can't use the signature itself as a random value, but a signature must satisfy the undistinguishability under between two signatures. So it must be indistinguishable from random. Otherwise it's not a secure signature scheme. The problem with signatures is that there are unfunny elliptic curves, right? So if you just take the signature, you will get the algebraic structure of the elliptic curve that's going to bias your randomness. So what we do is we take the signature, we hash it to map it to a uniform random string, and so that's how you can verify it was properly derived. You take the signature, you validate the signature, and then you hash it and you get the same randomness, and that's it. Thank you. You're welcome. And we have another question. So usually in things like this, there's an input component, there's the keys, and then there's also an input component, like the input to a BLS, this message being signed in BLS signature or something. Is there a way to contribute not to the randomness of the keys, I guess, but to the randomness of the input so that you get a kind of a faster turnaround time in terms of knowing your contribution was included without being a member, I mean. So currently I didn't go into the details too much, but the only time where new entropy is contributed to the network is during key generation. So the messages we are signing with the BLS signature scheme are the previous signature and the round number. That is fine as long as we still satisfy the security assumption that there is never a threshold number of malicious nodes. But so you can, yeah, we could add a way to make the signatures more unpredictable by adding some random values to the messages we are signing. Currently it's not the case because it's difficult to achieve consensus on a random value to include in the messages. So currently the only time you get new entropy is during key generation, yeah. Okay, are there any more questions? Or is everything clear and answered? Anyone? One more. Okay, front micro. So you require a simple majority of the parties to reduce the random number. Can you scale that up to like a higher threshold if you wanna be sure that he, well, I guess this has like liveness implications then. So the League of Entropy is doing resharing regularly to refresh the shares because of the threshold cryptography thingy. So if we want to increase the size of the network, we can add new nodes and change the threshold during the resharing, yeah. Okay. So it's possible. But you need a threshold number of nodes to agree to do a resharing.  Yeah, I suppose it. So if we add more members and we wouldn't trust them to be able to be trustworthy, I mean, we don't trust any single member in the network currently. But if we add an easy way to get into the network, somebody could try and add a lot of malicious nodes so that they would get a threshold number of malicious nodes. So currently the network is really permissioned. So you need to get approval to get in, right? You can't just join the network like that. You need a threshold number of nodes to agree to onboard a new node. And so yeah, definitely if we were to increase the size to 100 or 200 nodes, we might want to increase the size of the threshold as well. But the thing is currently, I had a slide about it actually, the network is trying to be fairly diversified. So we're trying to not be on a single continent. We're trying to not run on a single cloud provider and so on. And in the future, we're also looking into having more implementations so that if there is a bug, for example, in the go implementation, we would still have maybe the rest and the Python implementation working. So yeah, there are a lot, yeah. So you can play with a threshold, but the larger the threshold is, the more dangerous it gets for liveness because if AWS goes down, suddenly the network would stop and that's something we really don't want to happen. We want it to be very like high availability and doing its work every 30 seconds, you know, so. Okay, and we have one more question. All right, thank you for creating this wonderful tool or toy. If I sort of like to look at this and I kind of like see really nice diversity across quite a few continents and sort of like types of organizations on-premise, off-premise and so on cloud. And I think of like how you would use this. You could almost, would it be fair to argue if you sort of like add a few, let's say, Asian, South Africa, Australia, you are essentially dumb because is there a fundamental reason to go to a much larger number of nodes? So, sorry, I'm not sure I'm getting the question. Well, so you're very far on your way already having a nice mix of clouds and on-premise. So, in a way, for a lot of like attack models, you're covered there.  Is there any fundamental technical or security reasons why you need more nodes than that? Like why it would be better to have 100 nodes than just let's say 30 and be finished with it? Really no technical reasons, mostly human reasons, I guess. Do people trust Cloudflare? Do people trust Protocol Lab? Do people trust Ethereum Foundation? Do you trust the EPFL University in Switzerland? Do you trust the UCL in London? So, it depends, right? It depends on your threat model and that kind of thing. So, having more nodes could increase the trust of some people in the network, but at the same time, it would be more difficult to keep up with the liveness. So, currently we're not planning to get to 100 or 200 nodes. The goal would be maybe to achieve more diverse set of nodes, like having Australia, having Japan, and so on to the list would be great. A really nice thing as well with Ethereum is since you just need a threshold number of nodes to communicate with each other to achieve, to get the final beacon, you could get nodes in America, talking to each other, generating the exact same randomness than the nodes that are in Europa. So, you don't get too impacted by the lag if you have enough nodes, but that's a very interesting research project we're actually looking into right now. All the network and the lag is actually impacting us because with such a network running on a global scale, it can become somewhat of an issue. So, currently we have 800 milliseconds of lag on producing the next round, so we couldn't go below one second with proper warranties of availability and liveness, right? But, yeah, so it's pretty cool to have such a global network on, yeah. Okay. If there are no more questions, thank you very much again for the talk.


Our children and youth have been advised to be intentional about building their capacities as this is the only pathway to development and positive change in the society. This admonition came at the grand finale of the Youth Speaker by AUSA, which was organized by a non-governmental organization known as the Junior Chamber International, Yanugua. Young persons were also encouraged to work on their integrity, without which they cannot be able to make any impact in life. Plus, TV correspondent Jesse Hesmo. Youth Speaker by AUSA is an annual event organized by the JCI and it offers young people the opportunity to brainstorm on how to transform themselves and the environment they live in. This year's theme, Youth Responsibility in Building a Better by AUSA, leaves emphasis on the urgent need for the younger generation to make conscious efforts to attain knowledge, wisdom, and above all integrity if they must change the narratives. They are also advised to say no to crime and get involved in the electoral process. The young participants speak on some sectors of comparative advantage which youth can live region. There will be so much stress and, you know, captaincy, but now with just your cell phone, you can run a multinational company where there is increasing and overwhelming complexities and where there are tremendous competition. A lot of technological advancement has brought in new trends. JCI also commits to the training of more by AUSA youth in the future and grooming them for leadership roles. JCI, we are putting up a training center here in Yenegwa as a JCI secretariat. They have not been there before but when I came in, I saw the need for us to do it so young persons can be trained regularly. I would say from my first experience with the contestants, I could not believe that they could come this far as the presentation they gave today while they were contesting. I am super proud of them so we are thinking how we can also extend this kind of fellowship to other by AUSA and also we can also build a future of youth that should be exposed during JCI. High point of the event is the presentation of cash rewards to participants with the best renditions. JCI, for plus TV AFU. Hope you enjoyed the news. Please do subscribe to our YouTube channel and don't forget to hit the notification button so you get notified about fresh news updates.


Good morning guys and welcome to a new vlog. I think today's vlog is gonna be super fun. I'm going to Winter Park and I'm doing my first cycle bar class. This is the outfit. I'm wearing the, I love this outfit so that's why I chose to wear it on my first ride. I actually already signed up for unlimited classes because I wanted to take advantage of the Black Friday deal so it was like $139 a month.  But yeah this is my outfit. These are Fabletics Lululemon and then this is my new athletic jacket. It matches so well so I was like okay you know what we're gonna we're gonna do this. Also I'm filming this TikTok. My friend sent me. It was so funny so I've already filmed like the first half of it and I'm just gonna like kindly ask someone at cycle bar hey can you like just like film and like just walk around a little bit while like cycle and it'll finish up the TikTok so it'll be like funny. But I'll try to get some clips when I'm there and luckily these Fabletics leggings have pockets like right here so what I'm thinking is I'm just gonna put my phone in the pocket. We'll see how that goes. If it doesn't go well I'll just like drop my phone on the floor and that's how we're gonna do things. Oh and then I'm gonna get my nails done. I typically haven't got my nails done in so long and I normally go to the same person every time because like Melissa is my girl but I wanted to try this other person that my same friend uses just because her nail art is just really good and I want to just try it because why not Christmas is coming up and as you guys probably already figured out like we're not doing it like a huge Christmas this year just for like because our house is like crazy and stuff. Gonna get my nails done today. I have a really cute like design I think and then we're gonna like hang out in downtown Winter Park because I don't think my aunt has hung out there or like really even been there so I'm gonna like just show her around and stuff and well this clip's getting long sorry so she's gonna like walk around with me and also check like the Ohio State game scores so it's kind of funny. On to Cycle Bar. Okay so hopefully I'm a lot of park here oh no but I noticed that there's fit life foods here this is where the cycle bar is guys like that's so exciting like after class I could just run to fit life foods because like I already know about them and sorry for like the weird arm but um no fit life foods is great I've worked with them and they have like great meals and stuff so whoa this is awesome now I'm just like actually looking for the location so yeah it's kind of cold especially in the shade okay finally found it we're good okay so my first ride was so good my instructor was so nice and like she helped adjust the bike so it was like all right this time and like I got the knob thing little red knob like if you watched my review video like I just wasn't really familiar with like the equipment but I learned a lot more this time and like okay I understand a lot better now and my legs feel like jello and my crotch like really does hurt but it actually is better than the first time I did it so I think I know like what to expect so it's just overall a lot better now I'm gonna get my nails done and um I'll put a picture on the screen of like inspiration I want like the holly uh mistletoe on this finger and I want my nails nude and then I want like some like red design or something on the pointer fingers so I think that's gonna be fun I also got a cycle bar top because it was like 50 off so I got this if it doesn't fit they were like oh you can return it so um I just got this because like I actually really like the logo like whoever did the typography on this thing on their logo really good job so I decided to get that just because why not hopefully it's like high support it's a size large but it should it should be fine anyway I'm gonna go get my nails done it's like so convenient because um it's like 10 30 ish now I have like 10 minutes before my appointment and the cycle bar and the nail place are like eight minutes away so convenient I'm gonna go in now hopefully I'll get some footage in there of like getting my nails done and then my aunt will probably meet me here okay so this my nails look like they're so freaking pretty Wendy's here we're in winter park and we're just gonna spend the day doing stuff here because it's a cool little area yeah I'm really impressed with the nails this is only like 55 dollars it was like full set and they did like all these little details so a plus two embellished by Miriam so good man so Wendy's watching the game you have a state game and I'm just traveling down on my tail bites and have my chai tea looking at the doggies so cute the dogs of winter park our first stop is this cute little boutique I don't really know what the name of it is but we found some snow village stuff department 56 and my cousin apparently she's starting her collection we might have found something good here had to share this because I think it's so freaking cute it's a balloon dog it's a little piggy bank like how cute is that there's like different colors too it wouldn't be a true trip to winter park we didn't stop in the lululemon so oh and the matching pants that's really cute oh yeah okay so I tried on both of these pieces and I will put pictures on the screen right now but um they're really really cute but I think I'm gonna pass but this is probably my favorite but this also fit really well I don't know I like them both equal but this I would consider purchasing for like orc it's a cute um body suit okay next I'm gonna try on these two pieces I feel like I could wear them to work so yeah Wendy and I have come into the wine room look how pretty it is oh look at how pretty so nice in here so you load the card up with money increments of five oh okay and then you have access to all of the carousels with the wine bottles and they're different pours sizes right you can do like a one ounce of taster and then you could do like three ounce or a full glass it even has a chip yes so whoa I put 40 they're like well 20 bucks for a person that gives you enough to like sample everything yeah you just go around you insert the card okay yeah and then you just pick what size pour you want and you just um that is so cool cool I know lots of 18 dollars this is whatever it says 10 yeah so it varies yeah this is 350 cool yeah so what do you want to try first there's absolutely fabulous it's too hard how do you select the wine watch this just gonna like start pouring out well wait here take the card oh you have to press it harder yeah oh that was it wait that's it yes okay oh it's it's just a taste yes okay we'll taste it very dry oh very dry but very nice okay so Wendy and I are back home and we're watching the Alabama Auburn game she's rooting for Auburn yes so it is dinner time and I'm having a salad we're having some chip and dip and um everyone else is having veggie burgers sherry say hi to the vlog hi hi to the vlog hey she hasn't been in a video in so long I probably sense her like wedding there she is okay forgot to show you guys what we got but this is one thing look at how cute it is it's a little balloon dog ornament he even has a poop hole my new notebook oh I love that isn't he cute it's like a santa one and then I got this like fake Louis Vuitton keychain to go in my bag it doesn't really match I should have gotten the one that matched more but it's okay it's fine we're still alive it sounds still really cute so I just liked it because it was like Mickey Mouse and it was like a fake Louis Vuitton thing it goes on the backpack so


Feel me like I was there at the Jersey show or whatever. I feel like it was a lot going on that day Thankfully, you know Shaji is okay, but like in that situation now Looking back at it. Do you feel like there was anything you could have did differently?  No, that was fake. That's why I was so surprised. I said it's crazy I'm looking back at it.  You could have still performed or it was too much showing your mind. We're like Yeah, nah, I should have scared me.  I should have a scary boy. I'm like nah, I gotta make sure he Gucci Yeah Can't do them for filming And then um, how did y'all find out he was okay? We took him to the hospital So y'all went to the hospital after? Yeah, we went to the hospital And then so you basically set up a locked in a new date So basically you're gonna make it up to all those you gotta make up to the fans Yes, cuz they was waiting for a mad lord. We got some for them. We got some for them.   Yeah, I don't even I don't even do too much Yeah, I just smoke I Don't even do other crazy drugs. I'll be chilling Okay, and um, so how do you feel like? Mentally, how do you keep up with like everything? Do you talk to your family?  I Just make me more comfortable. It's being around So your mom's up to date on everything capture you trust your mom by everything. Yeah, that's good That's good. Let y'all have a good relationship and that's the talk of the town Make sure you like comment subscribe and make sure you check out our website at www.talkofthetownshow.com


What's up everyone? My name is Alex. I'm one of the co-founders of MyInvestingClub.com and I want to let you guys know about something special we're doing for our viewers on YouTube. So the most common question we get asked is, you know, how do I start day trading? So what me and my mentor about is we create a free two-hour mentorship course for the brand new trader. It's going to be available at MyInvestingClub.co. The link is going to be right here. This is a free webinar that reveals our 12 secrets that every single brand new day trader should know before they start. I also want to let you guys know about something that's very unique to MIC. So if you have any questions about trading or you're curious about trading or you don't know if MIC is the right fit for you, now you can text our head mentor, Tash, whose number is going to be right here and he'll answer all the questions that you have in less than 24 hours. Thank you and enjoy the video. Okay. So today I want to talk about universalities and I was going to name these universal setups, but there's more to it than just setups. When we're talking about like in the stock market, a lot of things change in the stock market, but a lot of things stay the same. And it's important to recognize what things stay the same and what things remain constant and what things change so that you can kind of know what you need to be relying on instead of changing what you're supposed to not be changing and just finding yourself spinning in circles. Yeah. I think we talked a little bit about it on the call. I'm going to go more in depth here. So how can you be a trader forever? If the market is always changing, is it that stressful to be around forever? Like do you have to keep constantly changing your strategies like left and right all the time like trying to like bend the market's will? Can you ever just be comfortable? That's the topic I want to go over today. And so the first thing you have to do when if you want to be like a universal forever long trader is you have to gain complete control over yourself.  This is what you're doing. You're gaining control of yourself.  By the way, this webinar is kind of a precursor to the webinar I really wanted to do. I really wanted to do a webinar that I'll probably do next week, but this one has to come first. So this is kind of like the basic, you have to gain complete control over yourself.  And these absolute rules are like tax less. Right. You know, like there are rules that you say you have rules and every now and then you break them.  I'm going to stick to my stop up.   Every now and like, we have these rules that like, you're not supposed to break your rules ever. And most of the time you don't break any of them.  And these are stuff like max loss. These are stuff like max size. These are stuff like I don't trade stocks for me. I don't trade stocks up 300% on no news. I don't want to get T12. Right.  You don't ever break. And so you need to get that. Your control over your greed needs to be firm. Right. This is a big one. This one should have been purple. You need to learn how to be satisfied and happy after trades. And this comes with time because it's really hard to feel satisfied in your trading, especially in the beginning once you've kind of like, you have a losing first year and then you start winning year two, but year two for yours feels empty because you're still down from year one. Like, you kind of like, it's very hard, but you have to kind of put that away and you get, you have to put that away day to day. Like, Oh, like I lost $500 today. Since it's $400 gain today, it feels worthless.  You know, this is part of gaining control over yourself. FOMO will never go away, but you have to learn how to recognize it when it comes. Like for me, I personally, like out loud, I'll say stuff like, Oh, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO, FOMO. Like every time I feel, I'll be like FOMO, or I'll even, I posted it in chat today out like when ADTX had that death candle that I didn't want to short. I didn't want to short that, that death candle. I was like, um, ADTX FOMO, what FOMO, right? I did that out loud, like to you guys, like all, like for the record.  Like, whatever you have to do, um, you know, you have to gain control of your FOMO trading must be relatively to you as stress free as possible. Now it's impossible to eliminate all the stress of trading, but for your style, you have to figure that out and figure out what is most stress free for you. Like what is the best stress ratio that, that you can, you know, the lowest stress level that you can get to, um, and ultimately the page, patience is the ultimate key for this, right? It's you can't be in a rush to sprint this game, right?  Like if you're in a rush, you're just going to burn out in, in the first few years and your ability to walk away is the biggest indicator of long-term survivability.   Like you just have to, and this goes into the patient thing. Like you have to be like, dude, I'm going to be around for 20 years.  I'm already down my max loss or close to my max loss. I'm not feeling it like, or I'm just too hungover from yesterday. I don't have to trade today.  It's just fucking, it's Tuesday in August and 2020. I want to be trading in 2022. Like it's a drop in the bucket. Like this day doesn't matter. So you walk away, but it doesn't matter. Doesn't matter on any given trade. Like you're down on the day, but there's a good opportunity to make it back with your asset max loss.  You'll, there'll be another day. Hey guys, my name is Tosh Bradley. I'm one of the head mentors and monitors at my investing club. If you have any questions about getting started in trading, getting started in the MIC, MIC in general, text me at<PHONE_NUMBER>. This is not a robot. It was me directly on the other end of my business line. And we'll get you in the club. We also have special promotions going on that I can get to you depending on your trading needs. Hit me up. That's the video. So once you get that down, there are things that change in the markets. And once you have a hold of yourself, now you can start looking at the market and trying to figure out, like once you figure out what you aren't going to change about yourself, these are the things that you can kind of experiment with changing and not changing in your trading. Right? So the market is going to change that. We talk about, I talk about that every week, the market sentiment, right? The market is going to change. It's going to fluctuate. It's going to be cyclical, whatever. You know, the one thing that's always stable about the market is that it's always changing. That's the, that's the famous quote. But not everything is different, right? For example, there will never come a time where you're going to see a chart, a day chart, and there's only green candles or only red candles. That'll be the stupidest chart you ever see this red, red, red, red, red. I mean, maybe an OTC land.   It was an OTC though, but you're never going to see that, right? You know, why don't you see that? Well, because there's too much emotion for that, right? There will never be charts where relative volume is in a thing, where every candle is going to be the same volume candle, like that's never going to happen. And that's because people are trading, right? People, humans. And a few things to put in your, a few things to put your mind at rest about the whole like, dude, like, how do I know if I'm going to, like on my setup is going to work in three years? Right. And hopefully this will eliminate some of your long-term fears. Big changes in the market do not happen overnight. You are going to have time to adjust, to slowly, it's not like just tomorrow your strategies don't work. Like, dude, I've been trading the fee-wup reclaim trade for five years, but today it's, it's not working and it's never going to work again. No, we don't get phased out, right? There's, there's, the market changes gradually and it gives you time to alter your setups as your setup change. And an example of this is how the stock locate game truly altered the stock market, small cat market, right? Like literally, like once Locate started to become a thing and Locate started to become, you know, a commodity and it just not everything was easy to borrow or, you know, things became more accessible to borrow. Like that's when the game, it became much more of a battle between shorts and longs. Like small cats used to just like pop up and die. Now it's a lot more of a battle. But normally the market tends to change in a more competitive fashion. And normally when old doors close, new doors open.  When faders start to disappear, squeezers replace them, right? And that's like when one door closes, well, fine. Another door is opening, right? Like there's, you know, like opportunity just doesn't shut the door, right? Like because humans are trading, it's not as if like, oh, once the stock gets down to a certain level of just flat lines and no trading happens once it gets to, like that, that would be an efficient market where the stock just goes to the efficient price and no opportunity is ever, is ever accessible ever again, right? So when new, you know, when an old door closes, when a pattern, you know, ceases to work, there might be like an alt pattern that you can latch onto or adjust to. And like a more specific example is like when range starts to get too tight for scalpel, like say you're in the middle of a trade and the range is starting to get too tight, when that when that door is closing as it gets tighter and tighter, it's typically going to break one direction or another and big, you know, big if it got really tight. And you know, if you got too tight to scalp, that's a door closing. But guess what? A new door is about to open. It's about to pop up, right? And that's just symbolic of like a small, like a small picture idea of this kind of philosophy here.  And dips and pops are probably going to hold. And that's maybe an alt pattern that once that tightening of the range happens, that's your alt strategy that you're going to do instead. Right. So as you as all doors close, new doors open. Alright, right on guys. See you.