okay so so would anyone like to share what they saw and they prayed and okay I'll just quickly share what I prayed with Nelson okay so so Nelson okay so Nelson saw this so Nelson said that he saw something like a triangle on the ocean and he kind of described it and I tried to draw it also it looked like a sail okay like a sailboat the sail of a boat and then he saw that the sail changed into a propeller something like a fan so so I was you know so that was kind of very descriptive very clear details so something that he saw so that is what he saw for me and for him I saw something like a sprinkler you know like sprinkler which dispenses water to water the lawn something like that so I was reminded of so when he shared about that picture of a triangle changing into a propeller and you know normally I just you know this is what I thought that a sailboat has a particular speed it catches the sail catches the wind and then it moves and the sail has you know gives it the ability to move so it has a particular speed and etc but this propeller kind of a thing of fan of course the speed is different and and so the you know the place where it goes to is going to be quicker etc so that's what I I just felt you know maybe the God is showing you know that kind of a thing and for him yeah I just felt that yeah there are people who saw there are people who water there are people who leap and of course there could be people who are doing all three together right but the sense that we God is using him or wants to use him in that manner of watering right bringing refreshing nurture etc to people so that is that is something that I shared so okay so I think yeah so Joseph came and shared okay this is he shared a scripture reference and he said I was praying and I just saw this verse or he built in his heart of the scripture reference and he came and shared that for me yeah with me okay so anyone else okay online I see that sunny Moses pray for one brother while praying just felt that strongly in my heart that God will make a way for him I felt so strongly in my spirit that God will make a way at the right time for that brother praise God okay so if yeah if that person for whom you prayed is there listed there you could probably mention their name so that they can be encouraged as well right anyone else online did you pray for anyone in that list of participants and this is what you saw felt or this is or it could even be maybe you did not see anything maybe you do not feel anything but you prayed in a certain way right if you prayed in a certain direction or for certain things for that person you know which you didn't plan so that is also something that you can share okay so anyone else online can I say something so I didn't see anything I just prayed for the gift of prophecy for him okay okay that's good so that is something that we can do yeah that's something to be done anyone else online okay anybody here you want to share what you okay who's assured okay okay you saw a kite which was going higher up okay in the air okay so it okay and what did you feel so this is something that you saw right and what did you sense in your heart about that kite was it him was it his life what do you what do you sense anything okay the kite is him okay okay right okay so so he saw a kite and then he felt you felt that the person who's holding the thread is the Lord the twine but then the string but that string had to be some more left some more right it could fly higher but right now it was held at one place yeah so so what is it that you felt that that about that whole situation okay okay okay okay but that he's in God's hands his future is in God's hands the heights to which he might so isn't God's hands that he will take care so it was a message reassuring message right for that what did he when he prayed for you did he say share something okay so he just prayed okay okay any of the girls were together so anything that you make sure non-sang and what is your name Seema sorry Samita okay so three of you when you prayed what is it that you make sure when you pray who did you pray for both of them okay did you see anything receive anything when you prayed for non-sang to references which was for okay for unsung you shared that okay okay so so this scripture references that you shared now how did you receive it in your heart okay you were praying in tongues and then you okay it came to your mind okay it's not something that you saw it came to your mind so the reference came to your mind but you already knew what this verse meant what this reference meant did you already know no okay okay so Joshua 4 and verse verse 5 and 1 Corinthians 13 and verse 9 both these references you didn't know what it meant earlier what was written there but then you it just you you kind of got a thought about it and you share so so non-sang did that verse mean anything to you 1 Corinthians 13 verse 9 and she shared that when you when you read that you're trying to understand what it okay okay can can we just read it let me see I know maybe it was a personal word but okay so 1 Corinthians 13 verse 9 for we know in part and we prophesy in part which means that you know when we prophesy it is the part of somebody it is it is just a part of information part of that whole information that God gives right so it's not like we know everything about that person all details about that person past present future no when we when we prophesy we prophesy in part maybe one part of that you know what what God reveals is what we prophesy so it's it's you know it's unnatural or it's a wrong expectation to say you know when we are moving in the prophetic I shouldn't I need to know everything about that person right so it's it's not the correct biblical expectation we can like persist or we can pursue God for more but we know in part and we prophesy in part so that's the meaning of things so maybe okay I'm just asking you this you know when you're playing you know are you saying that did you ever feel in your heart I don't know I need to know more but this is too less to actually share did you feel that way okay if ever you felt that way saying oh this seems like you know very simple thing how can I share you know I want God to move in the prophetic I want to move in the prophetic but then this seems like very simple this seems like very you know very small information how can I share this then you know this is the you know this is the encouragement that it is okay it could be just a word it could be a very simple thing but it's okay that is it comes from God right okay so Joshua 4 verse 5 okay what is that verse yeah okay it says and Joshua said come cross over before the Ark of the Lord your God into the midst of the Jordan and each one of you take up a stone on his shoulder according to the number of this of the tribes of the children off is that the worst yeah Joshua chapter 4 so they are crossing over across crossing the Jordan and then this is the instruction that the Joshua gives them according to the word of the Lord okay before the Ark of the word according to the number and they what do they do with the stone it's actually it's actually a memorial right they they keep it and they put it together well stones and it's a memorial of the Lord I really don't know what specific you know application there is for you know Samita but you can pray you know what is it that I need to maybe it's about something that God has taken you over you know in your journey and God wants to wants you to remember that you know as a memorial as you know continue to come back to them of the way he helped in the past it could be that I'm just guessing here right so yeah something on this night so okay so anything else online right so this is you know we talked about how there's a parallel in the spirit right just like how we naturally we see we hear we touch smell taste etc our spirit man is capable of receiving information from the Holy Spirit okay that is how the Holy Spirit witnesses to our spirit you know that's how we are led by the Holy Spirit so we need to develop our capacity to hear from the Holy Spirit right and also you know everything we need to know that this is the ultimate authority meaning the Word of God is the ultimate authority right everything is based on the Word of God so if we don't base it on the Word of God if you don't test according to the Word of God now you know some of these things which you shared we tested with the Word of God well there's nothing morally wrong with it it's all encouraging word like about the kite about you know there's two scripture references and then the pictures that we saw etc there's nothing morally wrong there's nothing ethically wrong there's nothing instructional in it but you know we can still test it and say okay God you know is there a sense of peace when I think about this is there you know do I sense your anointing or your presence and power you know does this draw me closer to you but all those things does it encourage me right and and we can receive it so the Bible says do not despise prophecies hold on to what is good so which means that we hold on and so I made a note of you know what Nelson shared and what Joseph shared I just made a note of it on the book itself so I don't remember I don't forget it so I remember it right okay so so this is how we move in the in the prophetic it's simple gift of prophecy so you know every day every time we spend in a quiet time sit when we pray Lord what are you saying and you get a sense of what God is saying you know maybe write it down you get a sense of what scriptures are being highlighted to your heart make a note of it right because it's God showing something to encourage to bring to build us up to comfort us right and also it could be something for the future right some direction for the future and it's good for us to learn and understand okay God you are speaking like this right you you move in me in this manner right like maybe it is visual maybe it's something that you feel in your heart especially when you pray and and you you know you just keep a recollection of this like you know file it away saying okay God spoke to me in this manner no I still remember the many ways in which God spoke and you know and how it was confirmed by people so I know that God continues to speak in that manner right to me so you know you just make a note of it okay now we're going to quickly move into two other gifts which is word of wisdom and word of knowledge okay now if you were to classify these gifts okay we can say some gifts are like vocal gifts like tongues interpretation prophecy gives that say something just for the purpose of study then we could say there are tongues and gifts that reveal something okay like word of knowledge word of wisdom discerning of spirits okay and then another classification could be power gifts gifts that do something like healings miracles gift of faith okay so we looked at tongues interpretation prophecy gives that say something express like something about the heart of God now these are you know gifts that reveal something word of wisdom word of knowledge and we look at discerning of spirits okay okay word of wisdom okay what is wisdom wisdom is understanding how do we get wisdom normally okay normally you know people it's the wisdom is defined this way wisdom is the ability to use knowledge right wisdom is a capacity or the ability to use knowledge you know you have information you have knowledge you have learning but how do I use it what do I use it for right for example like you know you know that okay you know this guitar make certain sounds or you know you hold the strings here and then it outcomes a chord you know but how do I use it in a song right simple example like that right so so the thing is wisdom can come from natural means right meaning you learn you have experience maybe three or four years of experience therefore you have wisdom right but this word of wisdom which is a gift of the Holy Spirit is something that we see that is supernaturally imparted okay supernaturally given supernaturally put into our hearts that is not something that we learned okay like for example you know somebody's an expert cook okay now I can't cook okay and if I need to cook I need to have really detailed instructions okay so much you have to put now a very experienced cook will not need to measure out know the spoon so many spoons just take it like that put put put right they're making something like they just do this do this mix it and then taste it oh wow fantastic right now I can't do that I have to measure out because I'm scared okay whether it will be too much too less right now the cook because of experience which they have can just put it together okay so that is the wisdom that comes from experience they've done it so many times and they know right they have that expertise they have that skill therefore they operate in that way but this word of wisdom is supernaturally given it given wisdom or counsel or advice why is it given to solve something to solve a problem to counsel somebody right word of wisdom so it is received in the same way like how we pray and how we perceived it is received the same way because it's the same Holy Spirit who's speaking to us right now when we look at the Old Testament examples right word of wisdom we see bezalel remember bezalel who was given the ability to carve things it was given the ability to design things it was supernaturally given to him by the Holy Spirit right then we read about Joseph right in the pharaohs court Joseph was given a word of wisdom now he he was given the ability to interpret the dream right what is it the dream that the pharaoh had you remember two dreams same message first dream crops the corn okay which were actually unhealthy but they actually consumed the cons they were healthy out of the river find seven cattle which are coming out and they are very very thin and sickly but they actually consume or eat the cattle that are healthy seven again so he got given the interpretation what is the interpretation seven years of famine sorry seven years of plenty followed by seven years of famine which means they're not going to be rain no crops no agriculture nothing seven years just think about it fine so he interpreted then he gives a very wise counsel right and and we see that there is wisdom that he he actually that also he has received from God and he's sharing what is he's what does he say in these seven years when there's plenty you build bonds you build granaries you know build store houses where you can actually you know harvest store harvest store because these are seven years so you store it and when those seven years when it's not going to rain when nothing is growing you can use this right so he gives that wisdom to the king the wise counsel to the king so we see this word of wisdom which is supernaturally imparted by the Holy Spirit now if you if you look at Joseph well Joseph was just coming out of prison that time that he was a good hard worker he was God's presence was with him and he was made in charge of everything in the prison wherever he went right but did he have experience in all these kind of things has he faced this situation before no right so he's a young man but then he gets this wisdom from God and he shares it he says this is what you must do build storehouse store the grain right so that's a supernaturally imparted wisdom we see in the New Testament also you know for example Joseph you know Joseph in the New Testament and he's warned by the angel in a dream what is that warning do not you know take the young child and go to Egypt right now that's a warning that's the word which comes to him and what is that word for that is to solve something that is to save his life and the life of his of his child of the wife of his child and the life of the child baby Jesus right so he obeys he goes to Egypt and therefore the life is so so we see this right the word of wisdom even in the New Testament as well the Lord Jesus when he's asked about taxes many times actually when they try to corner him there is this wisdom that comes and we know that it is from the Holy Spirit because he himself says that he is whatever he did he did by the power and the anointing of the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit is upon him the anointing of the Holy Spirit is upon him and therefore he's you know doing all this what he did in ministry so it could be for several you know ways like this to counsel people to help identify what the problem is right sometimes we think okay you know this person is having problem after problem after problem and you know for example if somebody has a fever okay somebody comes and says I have fever what would you suggest okay somebody says comes and says okay doctor what is your name yeah huh Cyril so dr. Cyril you know I have temperature fever so what would you do yeah what would you do you know Nelson comes and says okay I have fever temperature what do you tell him what would you tell him huh go to hospital okay suppose suppose you're the doctor you'll prescribe some medicine okay so what medicine can you give him dolo 650 paracetamol okay to bring down the temperature right so so that is that fever is a symptom okay it's a symptom that something is wrong in his body that the dolo 650 will paracetamol will bring it down bring down the fever suppress the you know a symptom of you know that temperature and body pain and and bring it down so that he can function normally but what is the root cause why is that fever there right so if we treat that then this fever won't be there right if you treat why is the fever there you know why is that infection there in the first place right so the word of wisdom is like that what a wisdom gives us insight into why is that problem there in the first place why is that fever there right is it what is deeper what is the deeper issue what is the root cause of the problem right because it's coming from God it's coming from the Holy Spirit so he's passing on that word that wisdom to find out what is the root cause what is the you know why is it some of these things happening etc and also to receive the solution or the answer to that problem okay when it comes to interpreting dreams solving problems etc you know it can it can actually what a wisdom is you know in a very practical way even in the marketplace right even in the marketplace maybe maybe to solve a particular situation solve a particular problem right solve a challenge maybe there's a you know maybe a HR manager and you want to recruit someone you're interviewing someone for a job and you find that everything is fine but still there's something that you feel something is missing right and you want that that information something is missing something seems to be not right so we can always lean on God right and ask the Lord Lord what is it you know I want to move in the gift of word of wisdom what is it God show me what is that missing piece right he can give us that word give us that missing piece that can be the solution to that particular problem or that information that we actually need and you sense that something is wrong but I don't know what it is like God can give the information and say okay this is the reason you are feeling that way about this particular situation about this about this person that you're interviewing right as a HR manager and so on so word of wisdom okay Sunny I just see the yeah see all the responses right so how is a word of wisdom to see in the same way it can be a quickening of scripture it can be a knowing on the inside like some of you said no I just I just knew that this was it you felt that this is what it means right it's a knowing on the inside of us okay and you know sometimes it's something visible we see words we see a word so don't let's not be caught up in hey it's a very simple thing it's just a word right but the gift itself is called a word of wisdom so so don't worry you know it's not like this whole thing with Jesus and with Joseph said you know it's not so you know wonderful like that no problem you know as long as it's you know that it's from God no problem at all right it might be there's something very simple something very small you know you go ahead see it and share it be faithful to what you have received okay it could be also in a dream what a wisdom could also be received in a dream maybe you went to bed praying Lord I need to solve this and maybe you were sleeping and then you had a dream okay I remember once you know I was struggling with this song list okay the following Sunday I had to you know lead a particular and it was actually a Sunday where it was an evangelistic Sunday where we had people invite others who were not saved and to church and you know it was I think yeah it was something what we used to call a big Sunday we call a big Sunday even now so and I'm struggling Lord this song doesn't feel right I need to start with some other song so I'm just asking the Lord Lord what song do I start with which part of the song and and I remember is waking up the next morning singing you know one part of the song one particular song singing a bridge of that song okay and I just realized I wake up wake up in the morning with this song in my heart and I realize that yes that was the Holy Spirit putting in my heart that question that I asked him he was just giving me the answer okay this is what you start with this is a song this is the line that you start with right so what a wisdom can either come in the night as a dream or it can be something that is bubbling up in your heart right the way God speaks okay and we also see you know angelic messengers to David Joseph to so Daniel sorry Daniel Joseph and Paul you know Daniel Joseph the Old Testament and Paul we see in the New Testament that they came with this answer to a particular problem or maybe he was feeling fearful but the angel of the Lord came in you know came in with the message okay you are not going to die right and Paul shares that right Lord has told me the angel of the Lord came and then you know we are not going to capsize the ship we will reach safely messages like that right so how do we share a word okay here we said okay pray prophesy pray perceive and prophesy we just submit it the same way okay now the thing is when the word of wisdom it is a answer to a particular problem okay maybe somebody comes and says you know brother sister you know have this problem pray for me you know and then God reveals something and it is the it is the very root of what is happening he or she should avoid right or it should be some steps that that person should take in order to come out of that problem okay so you you know you feel very strongly saying we need to do this you need to do this okay if you do this your problem will be solved you feel so strongly because God has spoken yet at the same time do not force it on them do not force it on them and say you need to do this you need to you know don't just say this is what I sense God is showing that this if you do this they will be you know you'll come out of this but you pray again you submit it and say this is what I sense God is speaking and then don't force it let them think about it let them do it okay you know again you know if you take that example of Joseph giving that wisdom to the Pharaoh now it also means that along with that solution okay there needs to be physical effort there needs to be diligence there needs to be perseverance okay why do we say that see he gave the he gave the solution okay this is what you need to do build storehouses but then they had to physically build the storehouse right they had to build that storehouse they had to make sure it was big they had to make sure that it will you know it it will protect them from maybe you know all kinds of weather they that it would protect the grains from maybe rats and insects and so on they had to do that right in the natural they had to do that they had to build it in a certain way they had to make sure that the grains can be protected they had to do it right so when there's a solution to a problem okay maybe some financial difficulty and then God says okay this is what it is I will take you out of the problem but this is what you need to do in the natural there are certain things that that person has to do you know not overspend you know make sure that there is no wastage unnecessary wastage unnecessary expense all these things learn about how to maybe you know save for the future etc all these things may not be there in that word you know that word wisdom which came but then they had to physically persevere be diligent and put in effort in order to come out or experience that word of wisdom right so we need to understand that okay so no pressure don't convince others etc so this is how a word of wisdom works so word of wisdom could be something about the present it could be something about the future this is what it is this is what is most often it is that way you know something about the present to solve something something about the future maybe to warn or to solve etc word of wisdom right okay any questions on this word of wisdom okay what we'll do is we'll look at word of knowledge also okay so word of knowledge is most most often again an information it's a word right it could be detailed information right but it could be about the present or it could be about the past what what is in the past or it could be about the present situation right word of knowledge we we see that it's divine knowledge divine knowledge it's not something that you read up it's not something that you you know you had a cause or something but it's divine knowledge holy spirit drops it into your heart this information this piece of information right it could be information about the person's past it could be something that the person is going through right God God puts it in your heart and then you share that and and it's for a purpose why because that person needs to be encouraged that person needs to know that God loves them God cares for them that God understands what they're going through that God is watching all these things happen when you know somebody gives a word of knowledge you know normally we club it all under prophecy like a prophetic word but you know for the purpose of study we see that you know this is a particular word of knowledge it could be again just a small piece of information okay so let's look at okay so it could be about what is causing the problem in the present it could be about you know what the person needs to do etc so it's a small piece of information you know in the in the Old Testament we see King Saul okay even before he became king he was looking after the donkeys and he lost his donkeys that's what scripture says that he went about searching for his donkeys about you know two or three days then he comes to meet prophet Samuel okay so prophet Samuel he's talking to Saul and then he says you know this is what will happen to you you know you will meet this prophets who are coming you will join with them and you will prophesy etc and he says by the way the donkeys that you are searching for they have been found donkeys that you have been searching for have been found now now this is before the days of email and you know WhatsApp and everything how did Samuel know because God revealed to him it was an information about Saul in Saul's donkeys positions that he had lost right so Samuel says that that you lost those donkeys they have been found right you see like that several instances in the Old Testament like the prophet Elisha and Gehazi Gehazi you know goes after Naaman and he says you know you give my master said he lies to them right he says you some gold some silver some land all that he says and he lies to Elisha he says no I didn't do that but then Elisha says you know you went after this you did so that was information revealed to Elisha about Gehazi right okay so we see that in the Old Testament several examples like that in the New Testament also we see and you know John chapter 4 we see that Lord Jesus you know several examples given there you can go through but we see the Lord Jesus is having this conversation with the Samaritan woman at the well John chapter 4 and then about the water and he says you know give you living water and those who drink of that will never thirst again etc and then he says go call your husband okay so she says you know no I don't have a husband and then he reveals something about her past now he's meeting her for the first time and by the Holy Spirit he gives that word of knowledge about her past what is that that yes she has been married before and the person with whom she was living was not her husband so he reveals that and then we also see what that resulted in what did that result in it resulted in that person that woman her eyes being open could this be the Messiah she goes and you know tells the entire village you know come and meet a man who told me everything about my life no but the fact is Jesus just told her this information right she went and she called them and and the way in which this word of knowledge was communicated or shared it was not in a shameful manner right it is an information sensitive information about this person's past right it's not something that she she would she was proud of but the Lord revealed that in a very gracious manner and her heart was changed her heart was restored right and she went and she was like an evangelist calling the entire village to come and meet with Jesus right so it also talks about how the message should be communicated so it lets people when the word of knowledge is shared people understand they know that okay God knows my past God loves me God cares for me because it could be information that no one else knows right about but God reveals that I don't know I remember once I was traveling in a metro and then there was this person who came and sat next to me right this lady and then so I was just praying and asking God God no give me some word so that I can share some word what is it that I need to share so so I saw this I saw this dog okay when dog with a golden color hair or something you know and then so I thought it was a it was a you know a breed of dogs called poodle so so I asked her you know did you ever have a poodle in your life you know a dog so she said no then then I told her you know the the reason I'm sharing this is because I was as when you walked in I said God give me a word and so I saw this golden-haired dog I thought it was a poodle probably I'm mistaken she said no I had a golden-haired dog you know and it's a it's a different breed it's called a golden retriever I had a golden-haired dog and as she was telling me this I could sense the Lord saying that he knows her that he wants her to come back to him okay so I just shared that saying okay see I didn't know that you had a golden-haired dog but God knows Jesus knows and he knows about your past and he wants you to come back to him okay so then she said yeah I used to go to church I used to be you know part of a church but then something happened and now I've you know I've moved out it's been I'm far away from God so I just said you know God knows you God cares for you God knows you God wants you to come back like so she was very encouraged she said you know she was like her whole expression changed she was she was like wow you know I'm so thank you for sharing that thank you for telling me that okay so that is what a word of knowledge can do for a person who receives it they understand that he God knows me and through this absolute stranger God is reaching out saying that you know he knows my past he knew me he was there right there when I was hurt and moved out of church and moved away from him and he's still waiting for me to come back so she was really touched and she said thank you for sharing that it's a word of knowledge can do that so how is a word of knowledge received the same way we either see we either receive a word we either receive you know a sentence complete information right for example Peter Peter received right that information there are three men who are coming go with them right three men information you know very detailed even for Cornelius you send you know he was praying said go send there's this Peter Simon Peter who's dwelling in this in this house the house address also by the sea it's in it's in the house of this tanner so you send him send people and he will tell me he will tell you he'll speak to you the words of this life right so so Cornelius obeys that so he receives this very distinct detailed information about Peter where he's living and what he's supposed to do etc right so so it could be a picture it could be inner impression it could even be a scenario from scripture right for example it could be maybe god you know multiplying the bread and you know so that means that okay he's he will take care of my provision you know he'll provide for my needs so it could be something from scripture you know some something that you've already seen or what we have read right it could even be physical sensations like for example it could be a physical sensation in your body that you're experiencing that god is communicating something you know maybe you're like a sensation of you know some some pain maybe in your elbow and then god is wanting to tell you that there is someone with that kind of symptom that he wants to touch you know why does he why does he want to reveal that information you know maybe about that person's past or some condition in their body because he wants to do something that he wants to heal he wants to change that is why it's not to say that okay god knows everything god knows everything but he also wants to do something in their life right okay so it could come in the form of dreams and visions like we saw earlier it could be angelic visitation for example you know act chapter eight philip right philip is in samaria and there's a revival okay you remember that right philip goes to samaria reaches the gospel everybody's coming to know the lord there is there is revival right and he receives a word it's a word of knowledge it's an instruction and it's an angel who appears to him and the angel of the lord speaks to him saying philip go to the south to that land to that place from Jerusalem to Gaza this is desert go there so he obeys right so it could be an angelic visitation also and it could be inspired writing maybe or maybe you want to wish someone on their birthday and you're texting someone right happy birthday and you're thinking god you know what should i tell this person what encouraging thing but you know you never planned it but then you find yourself writing okay some some verse from scripture or something so it could be inspired writing as well okay so in all these ways we can receive the word of knowledge so word of wisdom it could be about the past or future to solve a problem word of knowledge it could be about the present it could be about the past it it is it is to show that god cares it is again you know to bring change in that person's life right it could be an instruction so how should we share it you know it's information about someone be loving be gentle be compassionate right don't scare them i don't intimidate these are some practical things be clear be specific you know some of these things could be symbolic but just share what you saw like if you if you don't know the meaning of it it's fine right i don't know meaning what it means but this is what i saw so you just share that so what happens is the person who hears it you know sometimes god puts it in their heart they know exactly what it means right so all you need to do is be faithful in sharing and you say you know i don't know what it means yet but i'm just sharing what i saw so sometimes that person will understand they hear it and say yeah i exactly know what you mean right what what what you're sharing i know the meaning of it so so don't worry to share or you can just ask the lord lord i'm seeing this i want to know what it means what is the meaning of it god i'm seeing this thing this picture what does it symbolize what is the meaning of it and the lord will speak and give confirmation okay um again will we make mistakes possible right maybe you know maybe out of our own desire for person for the person to be healed or for the person to be you know we saw the person's problems could be solved you know we could make mistakes right um and but that is why we are saying you know you test or you are also testing validating you could make mistakes but that doesn't stop us from pursuing spiritual gifts that should not stop us right we learn from the mistakes we don't go back and repeat the same mistakes being presumptuous or you know we begin to move closer and closer to the lord and say god i want to be used by you so first you love desire spiritual gifts okay when we come back we'll take a break now when we come back we'll look at the turning of spirits and then the other three gifts as well right okay we'll stop here


Okay, that guy is a heretic. That guy is a heretic. That's a heretic. There's a heretic. There's a lot of heretics out there, but who is a heretic? Even more to the point, what is a heretic? We talk a lot about heretics. Who's a heretic? That's a heretic. That's a heretic. Or what heresies are. You've just offered up heresy. We might level it someone, but the question is, before we can even talk about who a heretic is and some people stand out, and I mean in a demonstrable way, stand out as a heretic. Even if you don't even know what the definition of a heretic is, they just, whatever the definition of it is, that person is, it looks like, smells like, must be a heretic. But the question is what is a heretic and what is heresy? I think some people are going to be surprised to find out really what the basic definition of it is. Who can be a heretic and does all heresy qualify as a person who gives it to be a heretic? There's a couple of passages that come up in the Bible that we point to, and I don't know if we actually think about what this word is. Now, this word can be used as a noun in terms of an adjective to describe a noun. It can be used as a verb as well. But in this case, let's go to a couple of passages that we get a lot of traction on, that we speak a lot about. And one of them is 2 Peter 2 1. So let's go there. It says, the false prophets also rose among the people just as there will also be false teachers among you.  So someone who informs, tells, gives revelation. Now, in this case, these are faulty revelations, faulty information, or as we like to say nowadays, misinformation. They will come among you who will secretly introduce destructive heresies. Notice how it says secretly, but destructive heresies. Does that imply that all heresies are not destructive? And then what actually is a destructive heresy? And before I go into what the word hareiou mean, or this particular word, I want to go next to another passage that we see, and this is in Titus 3.9. It says, but avoid foolish controversies and genealogies and strife and disputes about the law, for they are unprofitable and worthless. Now, look what he says in verse 10. Reject a factious man after a second, first and second warning, knowing that such a man is perverted and is sinning, being self-contained, condemned. Now, he's speaking about a person who they're in this particular state. This is what they do. How a person who might do or say so maybe once or twice, which is the reason why you would warn such a person for going back to it. The word they're using, I have it underlined, same word, hareiou, and we have it here, the word here, a heretic, a hereticon, anthropon. So this person, hereticon in this case, is an adjective describing the man. This person is a, you might see here, a factious man or a heretical man. This is who he is. This is how this person is known.  But most folks would not describe us as a basketball player or I might go in the kitchen and cook. You won't describe me as a chef though I'm cooking at the moment. Lord knows my family wouldn't describe me as that. But here's a person that this is how they are described. This is what adjective do. This person, this word is modifying this noun, describing this noun as a heretic. So what is a heretic? What is heresy? Well the word heretic or heresy at its basic level can refer to a division, a sect. It can refer to a school of something. It can refer to what people are causing, some sort of dissensions or divisions. And so is that a good thing or a bad thing? Well in some cases it's just simply just a generic term referring to a group or a school of or a sect of something. For example, let's go to Paul being described this way. Paul is being brought up on charges by a man by the name of Tertullus who is actually giving this like a little legal proceedings to bring these charges against Paul. And as they're describing to Paul, he says that he is of this sect, this heretic, this heretical sect, this division of Judaism. And then Paul is giving a recount or a defense of himself. But before we go there in Acts 24, let's start in verse 13, Paul says, nor can they prove the the charges of which they now accuse me. But this I admit, to look what he says, that according to the way which they call a sect and the word for sect is the same word for heresy, the same with the shoes there, the way that which they call a sect, I do serve, the God of our fathers believing everything that is in accordance with the law now. So they're calling this what I am, Paul, what I'm a part of, a sect of Judaism. What he's saying is what I'm doing is I am serving the Lord. As a matter of fact, what Paul was being accused of is being part of a sect or a heresy of Judaism. And they call this of the Nazarene. So going back to that passage says that for we have found this man speaking about Paul, a real past fellow who stirs up dissension among the Jews throughout the world and a ringleader of the sect of the Nazarene. So they're calling the Nazarenes these believers of the way that Paul calls them, of the way these Christians calling them a sect, calling what they're doing heresy being heretical, stirring up divisions. Now in this case, if that's the case, fine, that's a good thing. But what about as regards to us as believers? Because yes, the world may refer to us as a sect. The world may refer to us as heretical based on their outlook. But we're referring to and we're thinking about the true outlook compared to God. How does God view someone as a heretic? Because that's ultimately what's important. Well, clearly, according to 2 Peter, that it is these destructive heresies that are the issues and they even deny the matter or someone could say they even they lead to denying of the master or also along with that they are denying the master. In some way, shape from a fashion, a heresy, something that's heretical, will ultimately lead people astray. There is a distorted view of the Bible, of the gospel, of Christ and so forth and it's harmful to someone's walk. And so if someone is actually delivering heresies, that's what they end up doing and they either part of that ends up causing them to deny the master or they could end up also along with that denying the master. It's not totally clear how you would read this. Either way, it's fine. The word that Chi is there is this word exegetical or is just saying something also with this. Either way, it's fine. We just know that it affects somebody's walk in the Lord. Now, there's a positive angle to heresy and there's also a negative. Let's first deal with the negative and this is the one that we think of often. Let's go back to the Old Testament. The word heresy isn't used but the understanding, the concept is still there and this is in Proverbs 6, 16 says, There are six things which the Lord hates. Yes, seven which are an abomination to him.  And here it is, a false witness who others lies and one who spread strife among the brother. One who sows discourse among the brother. One who's causing separation, divisions, dissensions among the brother. That is something that the Lord cannot tolerate. That is something that the Lord abhorred. Now, there is a need. There is a desire. There is, I should say, a usefulness to heresy, to factions, to divisions. As a matter of fact, if we go to 1 Corinthians, he's talking about the Lord's table and that the way that there was this ungodly way that people were doing things and there was division that arose about that. But that's what Paul says in that he says in 1 Corinthians, starting verse 18 says for in the first place when you come together as a church, I hear that divisions exist where we get the word schisms exist among you and in part, I believe it for there must be in the word day, means it's necessary also for there to be factions in the word factions wise underlined is the word hyraeo or heresies. There must be factions or heresies among you. Why? So that those who are approved may become evident among you. In other words, when you see true doctrine, true teaching, something true of the word of God, and you compare it to those that are theoretical, there's a clear difference. There should be a distinction. If the heresy, if the heretic sticks out, that's a good thing. There should be a clear distinction. As a matter of fact, if you are in the Lord and you love the word and you know the work, you will begin to see a clear distinction. So when you see people doing certain things, it's evident who they are. There are certain groups that we just have to categorize as heretical. There are some that may possibly, maybe a particular group that's not a heresy or heretic, but fringes of that particular group maybe are groups or things that we will say that are certainly heretical and are heresies and that we should avoid groups such as the Jehovah's Witnesses, Mormons, as well as the Catholic Church. Now, is it possible that someone that's in those groups could actually place their faith in Christ and be genuine brothers in Christ? Sure, it happens all the time where someone is in one of those heretical groups, part of those heresies, they don't understand it and know it well enough. And so they place their faith in Christ because the Lord has touched and worked in him. And then ultimately they end up leaving those places. And then there are other groups that are also considered to be in mainline Christianity, which really aren't mainline, they're just becoming more and more prominent or more and more numerous groups such as the Word of Faith. Without question, that is a heretical group. Anything or anyone that distorts the deity of Christ or puts on common level on even footing us saying that maybe we are little sons, I mean little gods, or we are just like him, we have the same power. When I read in the Bible where he says I am, I just smile and say yes, I am too.  You know what the Bible calls you?   Twist it around and get it to say what you want to. You make the Bible say anything you want it to. Like right now you're looking at a person who is not just a person. Somehow God is in me and there's a sense in which I am like God and man all at one. When the teaching distorts and misinforms a person walks, if it harms a person's walk, then that is heretical and heresy. Does that make the person that believe that? Does that make that to be that person to be a heretic? No, not necessarily. For example, someone who may teach or believe that a Christian can have a demon. That is a heresy. It distorts a Christian's walk. It distorts the truth. As a matter of fact, there's no biblical basis for it. But does it make a person who believes that? Does it make that person necessarily a heretic? Not necessarily. Again, you can be misinformed as a Christian. You can genuinely and sincerely think something is and it be false and what you believe might hurt someone. It may take a while to come to the true of the matter. Or you may never, but it doesn't make you necessarily a heretic. Now it could, doesn't mean that you won't be, but it doesn't necessarily mean that you are. But rest assured, if you find yourself walking in the manner that is unlike what we see in the scriptures and cause a distortion amongst or regarding salvation, how you get saved, how you stay saved, those sorts of things, big argument. But, and I'm not saying about one saved always saved versus losing salvation. I'm not talking about that, but I mean in terms of you've got to do these particular rituals and do certain things to your body and so forth and live a certain way. For example, like a Hebrew-Israelite, clearly a heretical group. Nothing even Christian about them, but there is an example.  These are people who are doing intentionality is here in play, causing dissensions and hindrances contrary to the teaching which you learn and turn away from them. So if there's a person who is doing this, and there seems, as I said, an intentionality and it's constantly, that is a person that you want to avoid. Now, do we need to ascertain if the person is doing so intentionally or inherently? We absolutely need to because a person may just simply need to be instructed. You think about a policy. If a policy were to continue to teach the gospel minus the holy spirit, but only up to John's baptism today, we'd say, wait a second, that's pretty heretical. But all it took was someone to pull to the side, pursing the quilt, to pull to the side and say, Hey, listen, this is what it is. Here is what he was preaching of. And then so what does a policy do? He becomes even more mighty in the Lord. As a matter of fact, there are those that even wanted to kind of divide themselves up that Paul brings up in first Corinthians, that there are those who want to say that I'm a Paul, I'm a Cephas, I'm a a policy. And so sometimes you need to ascertain and find if the person is actually just unaware and just by simply giving them the scriptures, they see it because a heretic is going to reject the truth without question, which is why they stand out. A heretic wants to avoid the scriptures as much as possible. Anyone that wants to lead you away from the centrality of the scriptures being our focus, being preeminent, that person is a heretic.  And they might even accuse you of not relying on the Holy Spirit, whereas the scriptures teaches how to rely on the Holy Spirit, whereas they teach you how to feel and you can end up in all sorts of unbiblical stances and so forth. And so disregard anyone, beware of anyone who is using something outside of the Bible or maybe even using the Bible to move you away from the Bible. God wants to bring more, God wants to bring meat, God wants to bring mysteries, God wants to bring secrets. That comes by taking the limits off of him and allowing him to expand upon scripture, bring revelation upon scripture. We're not limited to the to the Bible, but God expands. It is vitally important to remember that a heretic or engaging in heresy is from the lust of the flesh in Galatians 5. 20 says some of the things that are of the lust of the flesh that are obviously counter to being led by the spirit. Verse 20, idolatry, sorceries, enmities, strife, jealousies, outbursts of anger, disputes, dissensions. Obviously, these aren't good. And then what's their factions? The same word, heresies, which is heresies. That word is there also in being drunk and so forth. These people that are intentionally causing these divisions, doctrinally, that's a huge issue. And so what do we do? We are to warn that person if we see that. We are to let them know if we can obviously help them, then we do so. Now, before we go, I want to also point out one last category that is a bit ironic. I would call these the ironic heretics. These are the people who make it their mission to point out everyone else's heresy, but in doing so, which is not a problem pointing out heresies, but in nitpicking and calling everything that is not like what you believe calling that person a heretic. It's one thing to say that the people that disagree with what you believe, that that person is in error. That's fine. Because obviously, if you disagree with that person's stance, then you think that person is wrong. And maybe they are. The point or the problem becomes is if you start causing divisions and saying, we need to leave that person who's a Christian alone, because he disagrees with my assessment on Calvinism or Arminianism or Dysmascialism and so forth. We start kicking brothers out because they don't believe exactly like I believe. Let's say I'm a King James version onlyist. And let's be clear, there are some people in that camp that are heretical. I've even seen people have gone so far to say that the King James version informs the Greek. The King James Bible is a word of God, every word of it. Amen. I can take this book and correct the Greek. Well, that's complete nonsense, but the problem is though you've got people like that who think that everyone else who's different, who does not, who will not use a King James version, that that person is not a Christian. That person is a heretic. That person is misinformed and so forth. And so you want to avoid that. Those are the kind of people that become the erotic heretic. They want to hold so much to scripture, but it's their version of it. And so you want to be careful. It's an easy thing to fall into to where you get upset and frustrated by the multiple numbers of heretical teachings that we see, the intentional distortion of the gospel and just outright and blatant mockery. There's a tendency because you're bothered by that, that you want to be on the lookout for that and then you overcompensate and you call everything that's not like what you see to be heresy or everyone to be a heretic. You want to be careful of that.  In truth, there is no such thing as a discernment ministry. We are to be discerning as believers and we should be serving as ministers of the gospel, but there is no such thing, but I get it. If that's what you do, make sure there's a balance. Make sure there's also a balance with actually preaching and teaching the gospel and leading that and leaving, leading people to that one by your own example, but then others by your work. And so be careful. You don't fall into the category of being someone not as a heresy hunter, which you should not be. You should not be a heresy hunter.  It will come your way and then you call it out while you are leading people to Christ, while you are promoting the true adherence of the gospel. And so we don't want to be obviously intentional heretics, nor do we want to be ironic unintentional heretics. What we want to do is be true defendants of the faith as Jude says to contend for the faith and be on guard for anyone that brings about a doctrine or teaching that divides the body away from the truth. And so if this is a pattern, it's ongoing, which is why the present active participle is used. If it's intentional, if it's causing divisions and if it distorts and harms the walk of a believer, that is a heretic, that is heresy and that person and that thing should be called out. Amen.


Got to start you with the obvious question about Jedevian Clowney, Mike Vrable worked with him for four seasons when both were part of the Houston Texans. In your decision to pursue Clowney, how much of a factor was Vrable's familiarity with his game? Yeah, I mean, I think anytime that we're looking at players and determining whether we want to add them to our football team, certainly if a player has some familiarity with a coach and in this situation our head coach, that certainly bodes well in their favor. They know each other, they know the strengths and weaknesses, the coach of the player and the player of the coach and it makes the decision process a little bit easier for us. Would you say that Clowney's versatility is one of his strong suits when it comes to what he's able to do? Yeah, I think that's what Mike did with him and down in Houston he moved him around a little bit. He would line up at defensive end, he would line up sometimes inside on the guard, sometimes he would try to knock one of those linemen out of the way and they would loop another defensive lineman behind him. So a lot of different ways.  So we'll try to just mix him in with those guys in the front seven and try to create matchups that give us the most advantageous situation. Any time is a good time to add a good football player, no doubt about it. But this defense, Amy and I have been watching practice and we've seen things come together. Defense seems to be getting more cohesive sort of week by week. What has jumped out to you about the defense's performance as we head toward the Denver game next Monday? Yeah, I think that that cohesion that you're alluding to is a direct impact from the communication that I hear on the field. There's so much that goes on after that call comes in from the sideline.  Our guys have, I really got the chatter going out there during training camp. Think we're seeing the benefits of that communication so far. You added four-time Pro Bowl or Stephen Gaskowski, which was one of the biggest free agent names on the market. What was the key to landing him? Well, I mean, Steve's made a lot of big kicks in this league. You know, as you alluded to, he's been to Pro Bowls. He's kicked in pressure situations. He's kicked in inclement weather. But I think the familiarity that he said he had with Mike and then with me and he knows the type of program that we're trying to run here in Tennessee.  Let's talk about Ryan Tannehill. He's going to join us later for the Nissan Insider on Titan's All Access. Is it possible that Ryan Tannehill has looked even more comfortable to you in this offense in 2020 already than he did even in his outstanding 2019? Well, I don't think we want any of our players to ever be comfortable, but he certainly is confident. You know, I think he's confident. And Arthur, in their relationship, he's confident in the players around them. He's confident in the system and the terminology. He's taken on even more leadership, voted a captain this week, which is a testament to him. But that confidence, you see it every day at practice. Finally, the Titans are getting ready to take on the Denver Broncos on Monday night football. And how much has their roster changed in the last 11 months since the team last went to Denver?  Drew Lock stepped in there for the last five games. He went four-and-one as a starter. He was undefeated at home, had a big win on the road at Houston late in the season. It starts with him, you know, once they handed the range to him. They added Melvin Gordon, the couple with Lindsey there in the backfield. That's a pretty good tandem of running backs. In the draft, they added, you know, a couple really explosive playmakers in Judy and Hamler at the receiver positions. So there's a lot of weapons on the offensive side of the football. Bradley Chubb will be back. They added Jarrell, who we know. They re-signed Shelby Harris. So that front is a pretty imposing front. Then they picked up Ajabuye via trade. And now he's paired with Kareem Jackson and Simmons there at safety to one of the better safety tandems in the NFL. So a lot of explosiveness on offense, a lot of firepower on defense. And we'll certainly have to bring our A game on Monday.


Thank you for the invitation. Thank you for being here. I'm presenting work with Abrams Tagum at Wider There are two papers Embedded in here, but I'm not going to take 30 minutes. I'm determined to essentially use the first Present what we found as motivation for the second and focus more on the second And how does it work when you did it and not when I did it? So Just to give you a preview or a map of the talk Just in case I run out of time so what we're interested in is the relationship between taxation and State capacity are more specifically two Indicators of state capacity one is tax capacity and that's a measure we developed in the first paper as part of the wider fiscal states program and The second is accountability And I'll elaborate on precisely the accountability measure and it's motivated by three observations or by an observation of three things in Sub-Saharan Africa since about 2000 on Average and in most countries the tax to GDP ratios have increased tax capacity has increased and Accountability has increased So what's the relationship between them? That's what we're interested in Tax capacity are the change in improvement in tax capacity is not explained by accountability but accountability and specifically Vertical accountability which is a measure of the quality of the electoral process and party competition that has been increased by the increases in tax GDP increases in tax GDP have led to or contributed to improvements in vertical accountability so there's a positive effect of taxation on Indicators of state capacity So as I said, it's based on two papers. The first is really developing our measure of tax capacity and the determinants of that tax capacity and That's come from the wider project that Antonio and Kunal had and That paper has been published in the special issue of the Journal of Institution of Economics The core points about that paper is first economic structure or variables that capture the economic structure is the most robust determinants of the tax to GDP ratio Various institutional or political or governance variables can be included, but they're not robustly or consistently significant So we use that and anybody who is at the tax effort session The underlying notion is very similar that you try to you start by trying to get a measure of the ratio of the potential Tax revenue that could be collected given the structure of the economy and the actual tax revenue We go a step further and our measure of tax capacity is the trend component of That tax effort or collection efficiency variable and the importance about the trend component the underlying trend is you're taking out all of these Random or unobserved factors that can cause tax GDP ratios to go up go down to change from year to year And introduce an awful lot of variability When you're trying to estimate, you know the ratio of potential to actual because there's lots of things that will happen that will affect actual tax collection So we take those out and look at what's the underlying trend and We treat that as the measure of the trend in performance And we find that that's increasing over time And then we we've calculated that for each country each of the Africa for a sample of about 34 35 African countries From 1980 through to about 2018 and then we try to say well, okay, can we identify? Variables are factors that explain the increase in tax capacity and There are four variables that are robustly significant are the best to explanatory variables and one is it increases with private consumption and that makes sense Because the private consumption component of GDP is a good measure of what's happening to people's incomes So if their incomes are rising they spend more They pay more income tax. They pay more sales taxes So it's pretty that's pretty intuitively logical Perhaps more surprisingly It also increases with resource rents But there's more heterogeneity in the countries there and I'll partly illustrate that but we do find it's a positive association You might have expected it to be negative And it also increases with the equal distribution of resources, which is a measure of how equitably Public spending or public services are distributed and again, that's intuitively plausible because if people think that They're getting a more that the government is being fairer are more equitable in the way. It's delivering public services. They should be Prepared to pay a bit more tax It decreases with corruption and again you'd expect that and actually that might partly explain why the resource rents It's positive because in a way what you're saying is you've got the if you've got the if Resources are actually feeding corruption Then the adverse effect of corruption can offset the potentially beneficial effect of having resources and Then fundamentally we do in that work accountability is not one of the drivers of capacity So having established that capacity is increasing we know the variables that explain it We then want to turn to and that accountability is not a direct Driver of the improvements in tax capacity We then ask the question. Well, okay. Does taxation have an effect on accountability? There are lots of theoretical or conceptual Reasons to think it would the basic idea is if the median voter taxpayer if they're paying more tax they will demand More accountability are more responsiveness for the government. That's the underlying conceptual motivation So that's what we turn to and that's what I'll focus on Two sources of data are used in both of the papers all of the Institutional or governance variables that we use they all come from varieties of democracy and in particular the vertical accountability Core measure which captures the ability to kind of freely organize in political parties Participate in free and fair elections. So it's the quality of the electoral process We also look at other measures of accountability and demonstrate that Taxation has no effect on the other measures of accountability I'll come to that later and then the revenue variables are all from the government revenue data set and it's total government tax and Total government revenue We do some work distinguishing between direct and indirect taxes and we control for non-tax revenues our resource revenues It's just to illustrate some of the the data the black line on the top left Diagram that's just illustrating the increase in tax revenue and that the dotted line above it is total revenue and That the main point there is from the late 1990s you see a fairly steady increase The second panel on the right at the top that's looking at the measure of tax capacity and again The high values at the start are partly driven by data So I don't interpret those but again you see from the late 1990s a steady increase in Tax capacity now the fact that the value is above one does not mean and should not be Interpreted as saying that these countries are collecting more than their potential. That's not what it captures But what it is saying is that there is an underlying improvement in The tax capacity and their ability to collect What what the potential is that it is that the underlying drivers are improvements The bottom diagrams which I won't go into just show that there is There isn't an awful lot of variability over time for the low-income countries and The improvement in tax capacity and revenues is pretty consistent and steady for the low-income countries There's a lot more Variability in what's happening with the middle-income countries Many of which of course are also the resource rich countries. So there's a lot more heterogeneity Within countries and over time for those but we control for those factors in our estimation And then this is just showing how Vertical accountability has been improving in sub-Saharan Africa over the decades There are still some countries that have very low values But you can see that the average has been increasing and the Variation around that average has been compressed so the countries they are getting better and Some of the the countries with worse accountability are getting better faster than some of those with higher Accountability, so they're all on average with with some exceptions. They're all converging towards a higher level of vertical accountability more closely clustered around the mean So you're getting this steady increase so taxes are increasing tax capacities increasing Accountability is increasing This is just some simple scatter plots to start with so what you find is broadly speaking there is a positive unconditional Correlation between accountability and total tax There's no relationship on average between Accountability and non-tax revenue Non-tax revenue doesn't matter The relationship between accountability and tax holds for direct taxes and for indirect taxes in total now we discuss in the paper you know there's a lot of literature saying that well The pressure from taxpayers to get governments to be responsive should be greater for direct taxes and indirect taxes because they're more visible We're working at a country level Across country level. So my argument is that what particularly at the country level and to some extent if you think about the individual It's whether they feel they're paying more tax that matters It doesn't really matter if they think well, I'm paying more Sales tax or I'm paying more personal income tax. The bottom line is am I paying more tax? Has tax on fuel gone up in which case I'm paying more for petrol has tax on clothes gone up Or has my income tax gone so really what they're concerned about is am I paying more tax or do I think I'm paying more tax and On that basis, it's quite reasonable to use the tax GDP ratio as your proxy Now Okay, for those who know the economy who are no econometrics This is the technical bit for those who don't you can close your eyes or turn off. I just try to play explain the intuition the basic model is a fixed effects model so fixed effects means that we Have a country fixed effect that accounts for unobserved country characteristics Time fixed effect that accounts for something that might be happening in particular years the tax variable and then a number of control variables there in that large X and That's the basic model, but we also Estimate that with a lag dependent variable in other words. We have the lag value of accountability The easiest way to interpret that is we're looking the first equation is looking at what's happening in the long run The second one is looking more at what's happening in the short run and you can interpret it as does tax explain the changes in accountability and then Anybody who does econometrics know you have to have an identification strategy. You have to allow for endogeneity So so intuitively what you're trying to do here is you want to reassure yourself Or convince yourself or in practice convince the referee that the effect you're finding is Genuinely an effect of tax on accountability and not caused by some other factor That means that they happen to go together But it's not because tax influences accountability is because something else is driving both of them To move in the same direction our main instrument for that is Actually built on work that I did with Christian and others is we use measures of economic shocks to instrument for taxation because Economic shocks do have a significant effect on the amount of Tax revenue that can be collected, but there's no reason why they should have an effect on accountability We also use it and another technical instrument There is one problem. You might say ah, but what if the economic shock coincided with an election and as a result of the loss of income associated with the shock the government Interfered more in the electoral in the election And that might sound plausible that should mean that the shock will be associated with a reduction in Accountability because that would be picked up in the electoral accountability measure We test for that no effect We account for presidential elections doesn't alter the results Now I can quite go go quickly through it and just say Basic results Don't worry about the fact of the coefficient changes It always does when you alter the estimator. The point is the effective tax is consistently positive and significant Whatever we do then we test for the Indigeneity various ways again the effective tax is positive and significant whatever we do incidentally aid The coefficient on aid is always positive, but it's not sorry. It's not always significant I just think that's an interesting thing to put in especially because so much of work at wider particularly with Finn Was on the aid? Well look aid seems to be having a positive effect as well So don't worry about all these people that say aid is bad in sub-Saharan Africa. It's not No effect whatsoever on the other measures of accountability Diagonal accountability takes into account civil society the media free media horizontal accountability is the Relationships between different levels of government and checks and balances Judicial accountability is the quality of the judiciary no effect One of the reasons for that is the final point I want to emphasize is you look at the coefficients on the lag variables They're very high for the other measures of accountability. What that's telling you is they don't change much They're not changing very much over time So there's not how you're going to explain if there's not much change over time You're not going to be able to explain the change over time Vertical accountability is the one that changes the most It has the lowest value on the line So there is more change and variability to explain and that's what tax is picking up Final bit we look at other factors that might determine it Tax remains significant and positive Now what seems to be very important are these Neopatrimonialism index which is also from VDM and a critical media having a critical media a free press is good Having a neopatrimonial state is bad Now they have higher coefficients the way I would interpret that is there More important to understand the level of accountability Whereas Tax is less important for the level. It's still important But our focus is on what's the effect of tax on the change? so to conclude taxation is positively linked with with accountability and Basically tax explains about 10% of the increase in observed vertical accountability Now that may sound small But it's still Given the level that we're working out with aggregate variables proxy variables It's a robust Effect So it allows us to conclude that taxation and it's true for both direct taxation and indirect taxes It does have a beneficial effect on accountability If you look at individual sales or trade taxes, no you don't find the effect And if you look at resource or non-tax revenue, you don't find the effect. Thank you We went over a bit but


Hello everybody, welcome to my channel, it's Iwa from Bohemian Crafting and today I'm coming to share with you easy way how you can make hidden paper clips. It's about two years when I made hidden paper clips for last time and since that hidden paper clips developed so much, there is hundreds amazing videos how you can make them easy way. So I'm gonna put my spin on all of these videos I watched through to last few days and I hope you will enjoy it. It's very easy to do and you can make also hidden paper clips with the tabs. I'm gonna show you how to make them. Here I made from my some wrong print when my printer kind of get rid of I think yellow color so everything was printed in purple and it was so much fun to watch that actually. So I made my hidden paper clips and I decorate them with the stickers and with some numbers and as you can see my paper clips are slide to the edge of the paper and I still have that tab around and then I have created from some old wallpaper print I have created for my Gothic style journal these hidden paper clips and they are perfect also around the edges of the delays because you do have there beautiful space it will don't ruin your lace and it's very easy to slide it around because you do have a big amount of paper around so you can slide it there easily if you hold the lace yeah if you hold the lace just slide it around the lace and you can stop where the lace is stopping so you can make really beautiful paper clips and also when I made last time hidden paper clips I made digital design. I did same this time I designed few paper clips with the tabs already made and today I will show you how you can put them together I do have a forest style with beautiful images related to the forest many mushrooms and many wild animals and all of them are with the small tab and this one and I do have also I'm gonna show you here birds I do have kind of like grungy style here it's pre-folded all already I do have grungy style with quotes in two different colors in this white and black or black and white the white then I do have roses then I do have kind of like stationary stationary adverts for upcoming Easter I do have rabbits and for my love for typewriters I do have typewriters and I'm gonna show you how you can make it from any kind of paper and also how to put together these designs I created I'm gonna make folding for five centimeters big or two inches big paper clips but it works the same way for small paper clips as well or maybe bigger paper clips as well but you will have to probably fold it this way for bigger one for really like large ones this is folding for five centimeters paper clips also my designs are working with smaller paper clips because you do have all scoring uh designed so you can fold it first and then slide the paper clips even smaller paper clips on this fold I'm gonna show you how to make it and I'm making just because I both these they are nice big but they do have that plastic coat which it's uh it's ugly I colored them many times with alcohol inks but this time I'm gonna just hide these ugly paper clips into my paper I've got here 160 GSM A4 size paper ivory ivory cardstock 160 I found it the most suitable for this project because it's strong enough so you will don't see straight away that you have there uh under that paper the paper clip when it's lighter paper uh it's showing a very fast way I'm gonna show you here here I do have 80 GSM paper and as you can see it it does show very fast way that there is paper clip so it's not hidden anymore so 160 it's perfect it's not too thick and it's not too light I'm gonna take my paper my my printer it's printing with this white frame around but this time I'm not gonna bother to cut it off I'm just gonna use the distress inks and maybe some stumps here to kind of cover that difference so what I'm gonna do I'm gonna keep the print inside you can use one-sided print double-sided print you can use book pages glued together in the size uh in the A4 size use anything you have I'm gonna fold it half and try it also with different sizes of papers I do believe you will find the way how it will work with different sizes of papers as well so I'm gonna fold it half you know eight by eight paper will be perfect for that it will be shorter here but it will be similar here so eight by eight paper pots you can use them for this project so fold it on half then grab your paper clips and as I said these are five centimeters slide few paper clips around the fold and pay attention on the long side of paper clip and short side of paper clip you want to have the long sides long sides of paper clips on one side of the paper and short sides of paper clip on that opposite side of paper and then just slide a few of your paper clips around that fold then grab the edge of the paper and fold it around the edge or around the longer side of the paper clips with this A4 size paper it's kind of coming right to the middle slightly over the middle fold I'm gonna show you just really slightly over the middle fold so fold it here then flip it over and fold the paper around the edges of this shorter side of your paper clips that's why you have them there to give you kind of like you know stopper for folding now I'm gonna take off my paper clips because I don't need them right now in there gonna have a look if I did fold it my paper straight this it's my navigator if I do have it folded straight and I don't so I'm gonna make it better so here we have the side which we just folded now if you want to make a tap you want to make a tap on your paper clip you just need to fold it the way you just need to fold it the way the certain way so here you can see when I slide my my paper clip or this hidden paper clip over the edge of the paper it's stopping right now right here it means that this fold this middle fold it's right here and with this I'm gonna manage how big tap this one I will have here if you will fold this edge right over this fold you will end up with beautiful paper clips without tap so fold this edge of the paper with some kind of gap from the middle fold of your paper you can just fold it maybe with half inch gap between and if you are not sure if you will fold it straight just grab your ruler pencil from the edge of this middle fold make a marks then put your ruler on these marks and use some scoring tool like I do have here this scoring tool and just score there score there the line and that will help you to create your your tap and where you did that score line you just fold the paper and to make sure that you make it right slide one paper clip right here hold it hold it take some card stock and slide the card stock in there to the end and you will see how big tap you created here over the edge so once you do have folded your paper this way cut it on strips use your scissors or if you are like me and you are not straight with cutting use guillotine and cut it on the pieces you want you they can be very wide so you can put there maybe some image i mean some photo or they can be very narrow so you will have many of them so cut them on the pieces i'm gonna be using my guillotine and i'm gonna cut different sizes of this paper you can unfold it of course you don't have to cut it you know in that bunch once you do have all your strips if you are not sure that you will remember where to put your paper clip when you do have it folded this way just make the marks and you will see that that this is longer side of paper clip so write it there long side and this one it's short side of the paper clip which you slide over the edge over that fold you know when we folded the paper at the first time on the half so just write it there short side make small notes so then you will know how to put your paper clip on the fold or where to put your paper clip on the fold and once you do have these strips you can use some paper punch and cut the corners on this small fold now i'm gonna be using this and i will cut with this smaller one which will create beautiful tap edging i'm gonna do same on all my pieces always where is this small fold and now i'm gonna flat all my papers and i'm gonna distress them and maybe i will add some sewing some stitching on with my sewing machine on these long edges so i made my stitching all over not all over on these three sides on all of my pieces do have quite lots of him so now i can start to decorate it it will be folded this way here in the middle of the paper this will go up this will go up and this will go around so i can start to plan how i will decorate it i can take any kind of labels and make a position of these labels on the pieces i want to see them i can take some stamps so if i will want to decorate all my pieces at the same time i can first pre fold how it will look like then get up this piece and i know this will be on the longer side of my paper clip i can see that with those folding so this will be visible on the longer side of my paper clip and depends if i want to have the paper clip from the top of my page or from the side of my page that way i can decorate it so i can open that and leave this spot i want to decorate here on the top i can do that with few of my strips for paper clips so i'm gonna take these three i can add there small labels different way so this i will have from the top of my journal page and i'm gonna get one which will be from the side of my journal page and glue there some little labels distress them and i'm using same distress ink i used around the edges so same distress ink to match it all together i can take some stamps and make some stamping i can also take some stickers and place some stickers on this spot and i don't mind that some of these stickers are a larger i can always cut it around so if i will put this one here then i can take that off cut and place it somewhere else so that will be one side of my paper paper clips and then i can fold it again kind of realize where i am to help myself can flip it this way so i know this i want to decorate now so i'm gonna make a position on all of my strips the way they should be and here it will be same i'm gonna fold it together there will be paper clip so i know it will be on the next side here it will be page so on the next side it will be this way and i can start decorating that opposite side and for distressing i'm using today spectrum noir distress ink or water reactive dye ink from harmony line this is a seal brown i like that color a lot and again i'm gonna take some butterflies and place them on these spots once you do have your page decorations done just get up the paper clip get up the paper fold it on half slide your paper clip the right way so here i do have shorter side here i do have longer side so long side of paper clip will go in there short in there lift it up and now you should decide if you want to have this over the edge here or if you want to have it glued kind of like inside this way and i want to have it this way so i'm gonna get up my glue put the glue on the side here here on the top glue this first and i'm gonna fold this one over i'm gonna leave the strings outside to be visible now i'm gonna put the glue here and fold this over and let it dry i can also take bone folder and on these sides i can kind of press it with my bone folder so it looks like this and because i know my paper clip starts right here so i do have this space here free and i can add there an eyelet i do not have small eyelets i do have only this this is six millimeters eyelet so hopefully that will be not too big i'm gonna give it a try and i'm gonna place it i think on this side here where is this one so i'm gonna punch there a hole get up my eyelet yeah like this and fix there an eyelet like this make sure it's not sharp i'm gonna get up my pliers and a little bit squeeze it add there some ribbon lace or some string or you can take safety pin pardon me and hang on that safety pin some charms first small one right then bigger one and you can clip it to your paper clip then just grab your journal and and slide it over the edge so i do have done my paper clips i added a few charms on these side paper clips and also you can add the charms on these top paper clips and it looks really beautiful it's easy to make so this way you can create your paper clips from any kind of paper i do have a few designs where are already created score lines you just need to score them and then fold them so i'm gonna show you what to do with these designs i'm gonna show you on a few of them you're gonna need ruler and some scoring tool as i said my printer it's printing with the white white frame here you can see that with the white frame around so i already cut it off from my designs that white frame here i left it on the top as you can see here so i'm just gonna grab my ruler place it on the edge of the design and with the knife i'm gonna cut off the white frame then i'm gonna grab a ruler scoring tool you can use a dint of knife with that not sharp edge or dint knife and just score it here in the middle then another score line is right under the rabbits it's very soft but you can see that here is another score line here is another score line and then on the bottom it's just one score line here so in these lines try to score these designs so i'm gonna score them with my scoring tool here these pictures i'm gonna fold first that middle one then i'm gonna fold this address and the niche and you can choose how you want to glue this top one if over this edge or under this edge and you want to add there some stamping maybe or you know some stitching it's totally up to you so i'm gonna fold this way all of my design papers so i do have all my designs pre-scored and i pre-fold it and it's always same once you do have cut out the base all around if you do if your printer is printing that white frame i mean and you score these lines there is one two three four four score lines then you fold it in the middle then this way and this is going around that smaller one and this is going here and most of these designs are designed that this top is going first glued and then this going glued over once you have you know on those pieces it's on most of these designs i think actually all of them i'm gonna cut all of these on pieces i mean on this strip so i'm gonna unfold it this way grab my guillotine because it will be more easy to do i do have all these collections cut on pieces and i do have them already on my etsy i forgot to say that they are there listed separately for the smallest price etsy let me to make a listing and then to make it even better i put them all of them into one pack which is for half price then if you will buy them separately all links will be down below so once you do have all these strips cut out take your distress ink again grab your sewing machine if you do like sewing uh sewing effect on your project grab some stamps maybe washi tapes decorate these strips the way you want you always see uh what will be visible on your paper clip so the number here the quote here and of course tap so all these three parts will be visible so you know where to concentrate with your decorations do your decorations i'm gonna grab only distress ink because i would like to show you how they look as they are only what i'm gonna take is the corner punches i think these two this one which cuts those street street cutting and this one which makes the corners curved so i'm gonna use just these and then i will come back and i'm back before my distress ink i actually realized that i can also show you how you can punched all four corners so here on those roses i would like to have it just like a tuck so maybe here i will put an eyelet but the edges will be punched just here and inside will be paper clip so it will be only like a tuck and there will be also space where i can stamp or where i can put maybe some small note so that will be the roses with this one i was more thinking about uh can kind of like a ticket or so for that i can take circle punch fold this because that will be on the top take my circle punch i'm gonna get a smaller one this is three eighths three eighths of inch ek success paper punch i do have folded the tap and i'm gonna slide the paper kind of like with this top corner or top of the corner in the middle and punch opposite one and punch and once here will be paper clip it will look this way and if i want to have this shape here as well i'm just gonna hold it here and do exactly same and punch so that way i will have this part of my paper clip shaped like a ticket and i'm gonna do same on that opposite side here i already have it punched that way so now just these two corners that's this one same way if i will decide to have rounded corners i think i'm gonna do it with the rabbits yeah i think with the rabbits i will like that so again i'm gonna start with this top tap and i'm gonna be punching with that middle one and punch so i do have that top if i'm gonna have rounded corners here on the bottom i'm just gonna grab that bottom and punch those two two corners like this so that will be here on this side and if i will want to have these corners here i'm just gonna hold it unfold everything else and punch these corners so that way all these shapes will be rounded so once you have cut out this dress maybe sewn maybe the glue there's some labels and stickers once you do have all this prepared on the strips you prepared you just need to take paper clip and here i'm gonna show you that i'm gonna take these small paper clips and it works same like when i work with this large paper clip you have here a few designs so here is that middle fold that it's going folding these two sides together you're gonna slide the paper clip in there if you are using this small one i think it doesn't matter which way you will go it can fit on both sides then you're gonna take a glue apply glue on one side i'm always going with this top side first so applying glue on that side glue it together if you know that you will want to put here eyelet just move your paper clip on the side it doesn't matter that it will be on the side it will still hold your paper as a paper clip so you will have bigger space here for eyelet i'm not gonna put eyelet here i'm gonna keep my paper clip in the middle then i'm gonna put the glue here fold this no fold first sorry fold the top and fold this over and let it dry i'm gonna take one folder flip it with that longer side on the table and i'm gonna press and flip it this way and press that other side and i do have my rose rose paper clip i do have all my paper clips done and i'm gonna show you very quickly how they do looks like on the pages so this is that stationary collection there is one which is like portrait oriented it looks like this it does have small note area and here are the address so you can see how it looks like all with the edge of your page and how big space uh makes that tap and this one here i do have the quotes with white and black print so here and i really like this darker area which is peeking out here we do have roses they are uh portrait oriented so they are perfect on the top side of your journal pages here i do have rabbits and again they are uh designed to be on the top of your pages and one more here i do have those uh that negative uh look of the same quilted and numbered paper clips so these are perfect for some very grungy style of journal and one more this one here is a collection with birds and they are again a portrait top page design it and i've got there four uh top page design it and also if i go for top page and three side page design it so like this here i do have beautiful typewriters they are all uh top side design it and of course as i showed you you can create your own just use your imagination enjoy that process because these hidden uh hidden paper clips are perfect to create they are easy to make you can use any kind of stamps and stencils and you can do solving uh you can add there uh some mix media mix media techniques just enjoy it you can do so many layers on these you can even make it like a pocket and hung there some embellishment as i said uh they will be listed separately but also as a huge collection to give you you know to give you option that you can choose which you like if you like any or you can buy them uh for better price all of them thank you so much for jumping in today thank you so much for spending your time with me have a beautiful day take care about yourself and i will see you soon bye


It's, it's amazing, particularly when you think about our leading candidate for president in the United States, Donald Trump, who thinks trade is a lose-lose proposition. He thinks the United States loses when it trades with Canada, never mind China, but with Canada, who has a five-year-old's understanding of international trade, like, which is the zero-sum understanding of international trade. Or any other candidate, I'm picking up Trump, because he may trade a big issue, and it's promised 10% tariffs across the board if he gets re-elected, and that's, there's just no politician I know in the Western world who can actually do that or comes close or tries or who wants to do it.


This conference has speakers lineups are like these are the people we I look up to while learning functional program. They are like top in the functional programming community. Tony Morse, Edward, he is the author of Lens Libraries. If you are into Haskell, you know what the lens is. Tony Morse, he is really a great programmer and has a really great way to really teach some very fundamental skills or ideas and give you intuition about like the Tony Morse talk about folds. So that was fantastic and I just got all of the intuitive understanding. Then Bruce, amazing person. I have such a warm feeling being around him. He has really made this conference for me an amazing like he has been really kind to me and at the same time he has he had this really good connection. So I really love him. I hope to meet him again in the future maybe. And Andreas, he is a core Elixir team member. So yeah, having access to people who wrote Elixir programming language and the core team members over here, it's really open. So the more people could join that there is something happening in India as well. So more people will be learning and talking about beam. And Michael Snowyman, he is great. He is like the best person. Most of the tools we use in Haskell like stack for building the programs. And if you want to build an application web application, you saw it is the framework and the underlying system which is kind of interface. So why he wrote all of the most of the libraries written by him, the Michael Snowyman. So yeah. FP community is really helpful if you ask.  So yeah, just come. Just come.


In what officials at the Pike County Health Department anticipated would take a year to get approved, a needle exchange program is ready to open in Pike County. In two weeks we were able to get the approval of the city commissioners and the county judges. We are pretty much ready to start the program on July 5, which is the day after Independence Day is going to be open from 9 to 10 in the far department here in Claude Road. In general, the community is behind this program. Once the statistical evidence about hepatitis C in our region was presented to county and city officials, the need for such a program in our area was undeniable. Eastern Kentucky and Kentucky, Southwest Virginia and Southern West Virginia has the most cases of hepatitis in the United States. You look at it on a map, it's very embarrassing and we've got to do something about it. We've got to take care of our people here in Pike County and Eastern Kentucky. Now, people say if you give people needles, they're going to use more. Well, the statistics show California, all these other states that have needle exchange programs, they have no hepatitis C running around anywhere, so it's very vital and important. Although the needle exchange program will be the greatest weapon in the fight against the spreading of hepatitis C, another will be educating people, both addicts and non-addicts alike. New syringes will not be the only thing offered at the facility. Up in the form of referrals for various services at Mountain Comprehensive Care Center will be available to those who ask for it. Reporting from Pikeville for EKB News, I'm Shawn Allen.