Welcome. Good morning here from Geneva. Good evening or good afternoon, wherever you are in the world. Thank you for joining us online for this briefing session. We have kicked off yesterday the jobs research summit was the day one about economic growth, revival and transformation. Today we're going to start later today the second day about work wages and job creation and we have just launched the new edition of our future of jobs report. So we're going to discuss here the key findings about this report. And for that, I'm joined here by Sadia Sahidi, who is managing director of the world at the World Economic Forum and overlooking also the this report. We have Karen Kimbrough, who's the chief economist from LinkedIn, and we have Emily Glasberg Sands, who's the head of data science at Coursera. And last but not least, we have Hamun Ektari, he's the chief executive officer of future fit AI. So welcome to our panel. Thanks for being with us today. We are going to start with remarks from your side to explain a little bit the key findings. And after that, we're going to jump into Q&A and for the people joining us online. You can ask your questions directly in the chat and we will read them out and try to answer them. So let's start with Sadia. Sadia, can you explain us a little bit, you know, what are the key findings and what is special? Obviously, especially in this context of COVID-19 and what are the outcomes from this report? Thank you. Thank you, Jan. Let me immediately not answer your question. By first, simply thanking the people that have worked to produce this report. So thank you to all of the data partners that are joining us, of course, in this session today. So thanks to all of you, to LinkedIn, Coursera, to Future Fit AI, and also ADP. But let me also thank the people that produced this report. So in particular, Veselina Racheva for her leadership of the entire project, and Guillaume Hingle and Sophie Brown for their very important contributions. It's really been a sort of team effort and I think you'll see from the richness of the report, there is a lot in there to be learned about the future of jobs. Let me try to offer a first response, Jan, to your question, which is that we are starting to see a double disruption scenario become the reality for most workers today. So on the one hand, there has been this long term ongoing trend of automation and digitization that is starting to display certain tasks, which is then starting to display certain jobs. That trend is speeding up. And in addition, there is of course the pandemic induced recession that is contracting certain parts of the economy and making it much harder for workers to be able to move into their future roles. Now that said, we are still overall cautiously optimistic. And that is because the rate of, while the rate of job destruction is increasing and the rate of job creation is decreasing, net when we look out to 2025, the outlook is still positive. We still expect slightly more jobs to be created than destroyed. And at the same time, if we put in place proactive efforts today to reskill, upscale and help transition workers from job A to job B, I think we can get there, but it is going to require those proactive efforts. I'll stop there and back over to you, Jan. Thank you, Sadya. Karen, from your side, what do you think, what do you think are really the key outcomes that we should talk about and also address in the coming days during our job reset summit? Sure. Well, first of all, thanks again for having me. And I think what I would probably want to highlight are in pretty quick order are just maybe three things. First, in terms of our own hiring data, we continue to see the hiring recovery as we measure it on LinkedIn's platform continue, but it is definitely slowing down from a more kind of notable rebound that we saw over the summer. So hiring seems to be very correlated with shutdowns and reopenings. And so as we enter these waves of maybe more targeted shutdowns across Europe in the U.S. and elsewhere, it does kind of create speed bumps for the hiring pace. So our hiring rates were improving, but every time there's a shutdown, they tend to kind of retrench a little bit. So I think it's going to be a little bit stop and start in terms of the recovery from here on. The second thing I would maybe call out really quickly before I want to talk about skills as well, but the second thing I would call it really quickly is just one of the things we noticed in the hiring rate is the impact on women. When there are shutdowns, it seems to be posing a disproportionate burden on women. It was really interesting to us. We saw this happen in March and April where women's share of total new hiring just dropped by three to five percentage points globally. And it was pretty notable that for several months women just weren't applying and weren't changing jobs. I think a lot of uncertainty was a factor. I think additional childcare, additional elder care, a disruption in the routine probably just meant they were overburdened. So the real near-term aspect of this that's a problem is that women seem to have lost a little bit of ground temporarily. They tend to kind of speed up again as things reopen. But every time we close down again, we see women's hiring take another step back. So I think over time that accumulates and that's worrisome. And we see it in the official data as well here in the U.S. where I'm sitting right now that a lot of the improvement in cosmetic unemployment rates is really masking people exiting the labor force and not stopping looking. So I think that's a problem because that's the transition we don't want to see. We want to see transitions in the future of work that cause people to look at their skill set, find something adjacent and move into what we call new emerging jobs. And so before I, you know, leave you on to negative a note, let me just point out that we do think there are many, many emerging jobs. We think that the future of work is digital. We see huge demand for digital skills across a spectrum of jobs. But it's also human. We see a lot of demand for human skills, collaboration, compassion, believe it or not, negotiation, management, so the future of work is digital. It's also human. And maybe where I would leave you with my final thought is just to say, when you think about what are these new jobs, where are these new jobs emerging? Where are they clustering? We're seeing in fact that if the cluster is say in product development and in data and in AI, what's really, I think good news is that people who are able to make the transitions into those clusters, most of them come from other occupations. So whenever a new job, let me say it in plain English, whenever a new job kind of is emerging, it's so new that almost anybody has, can find a doorway or an access into it. You don't have to have such a narrow skill set to access this new emerging job cluster. So the good news is that it's sort of a green-filled site. And that's quite different than say some more traditional job clusters like engineering or people in culture, which have very sort of more narrow and defined skill sets. So broadly speaking, I think that we do see a lot of promise in the data, the IA space. But the good news is that you can come from just about anywhere and manage to make that transition. Thank you. Thank you very much, Karen. Thank you for your comments here. And I would like to go to Emily. I mean, the future of work is already here in your eyes. What does it look like? Yeah, thank you, Jan. And pleasure to be here. We've heard from Sadia and Karen how COVID has accelerated the survival of the future of work. In 2025, we think employers will about equally divide work between humans and machines and Automational Displaced 85 million jobs. And as Sadia so eloquently put, enough new jobs will pop up, but we need to prepare people for them. So for workers who remain in their role in the next five years, almost half are going to need to be reskilling in core competencies for that role. And those are the lucky ones. So the pandemic is disproportionately impacting already disadvantaged displaced workers are more likely to be, yes, female, as Karen pointed out, also to have had lower wages and lower educational attainment. But what really fascinates me is the opportunity now for educators and businesses and governments to come together to adapt, to accelerate the reskilling revolution to meet this acceleration that we're seeing in the future of work. And companies can, and in many cases are doing their part investing in reskilling their employees. 95% of business leaders this year report expecting employees to pick up new skills on the job, which is just a dramatic increase from a couple of companies alone are not enough. The recovery needs to involve coordinated reskilling efforts by institutions including governments so that we're providing accessible job-relevant learning also to the least advantage many of whom are not currently employed. They could be unemployed, they could be underemployed, or they could have stated that they exited the labor market. The good news I think is that we've already seen a surge in demand across the platform. We're humbled to be able to serve learners at this time. Relative to just before the pandemic to give you a sense, there are four times as many individuals now enrolling in online learning on Coursera under their own initiative. So since mid-March, more than 23 million new learners have joined the platform. We've seen over 60 million new enrollments. Equally, employers are looking to now offer their workers online learning opportunities at five times the rate of before the pandemic. So really stepping up. And I think most striking, nine times as many individuals are enrolling in online learning through our government programs aimed at workforce development for the unemployed or underemployed. And so, you know, there's a lot of challenge. There's a lot of tough news. The increased rate of change we're seeing in the development of online learning and it's becoming essential for the functioning of our families, of our societies, of our economies. And you know, I've been deeply inspired by how a whole community of educators and enterprise businesses and governments are prioritizing serving the world with generosity and innovation and dedication. And it also stands out that there is so much more to do because this acceleration isn't going anywhere. And automation is a word that we see a lot in this report.  Thank you very much, Jan. And for us, when we look at that human impact in conversations with people who have been impacted by layoffs, three words keep coming up over and over that they choose to use. Lost, ashamed, confused. And these, when we speak to them, their response is not only have I lost work, it is also a sense of loss of identity and dignity. It feels like sometimes a COVID staple to wake up to yet another headline of thousands of workers having been laid off, but it's really important that we don't allow that to desensitize us to those human impacts that you mentioned of disruption, automation and transformation. And layoffs are merely just one example of those impacts on humans. So when we think about young people around the world trying to find their way, immigrants, refugees, veterans, and those even with a criminal background trying to be recognized for the skills they already have, women and minorities, as was mentioned, simply expecting to be valued for their contributions on par with everybody else. Those are the communities that are most affected by the twin factors that the report describes. And as Maria and Emily and Karen mentioned, the future of jobs report provides this data-driven foundation for what is happening, what is coming, and what that means for people, companies and governments. With that foundation in place and at our fingertips, though, I think what the report then challenges all of us to choose, it is to make fundamental choices. So are we going to simply sit back, wait for the report, so that we get a chance to read the next iteration of the report? Do we choose to continue with what often can be high-level statements and surface-level initiatives that don't go far enough and just keep us playing catch up? Or I think where the report points us to is to look in the mirror, ask some of the tough questions around how good is good enough, how big is big enough, how fast is fast enough, how fast are we delivering the type of high quality, high scalability investments that are actually going to move the needle for significant number of people around the world. And if we do choose to go with that path, that path of taking the most audacious route to actually addressing the challenge at scale, that's going to demand of us and of leaders and companies and in government and in society to make some fundamental changes. And just to call out a few of those shifts, they include going from talking about 21st century and future skills for what now is about 50 years to actually developing predictable and scalable models of radically improving some of those skills that Emily and Karen touched on in anybody, anywhere, or assuming everybody should become a coder to understanding that humans aren't just widgets and their interests and passions matter when they choose what transition path they want to take. From selling what often is an unrealistic narrative of everyone becoming a unicorn entrepreneur to investing in the infrastructure that's necessary to support small business owners and freelancers which are much more common transition paths for people in the new world of work, from promoting what often might be only the sexy technology jobs to improving the quality of the work that's being done. And the report refers to from a few different angles, whether those are in healthcare, whether they're in education, in people and culture. Also shifts from paying for simply program enrollments and course completions to actually paying for successful transitions from job A to job B. And then finally from measuring aggregate costs. We've been honored to have a chance to contribute to the report but are most excited to continue to play a part under Saadia's leadership and along with other partners at the reskilling revolution as a platform that hopefully can and has the chance of moving those significant needles on a problem that perhaps you could look at as one of the top two challenges we face in the next decade . We're going to continue to, as I mentioned, this week and further on doing the jobs resettlement to address these topics. So we're going to go now into the Q&A part. We have a first question coming from Singapore, from straights times. Do we have Shifali? Yes. Shifali, please. Can you hear me? You're very well. Thank you. Great. It's really good to be joining you in this remote fashion. I've gone through parts of your report and I haven't really gone through all the insights but it does seem to give a lot of hope. My question was really about, do you see most of the disruption happening in the Asia region given the size of the resources that are happening? Especially when you talk about 85 million jobs being displaced due to automation and 97 million new jobs being created. I also had a second question and that's about Singapore. The report mentions in one place that the acceleration in terms of automation is happening at a slightly slower rate than the global average. I was wondering how do you explain that? I think it's already automated. I'd like to hear your views on that. Sadia, would you like to start maybe on Asia, on Singapore? Sure. I can take a first shot at it and then I think I'm sure others will have more to contribute. You're absolutely right that there are differences by country and by region and in some cases it is because of the existing rate of digitization and automation across that particular economy where that is today, how much that's getting sped up. I think it's a great aspect which is how much are companies in that particular country or region already putting in place work from home policies or other ways in which work can be digitized. There's an element of this which is about the individual. There's an element of this which is about the basic underlying economic structure where most of the economic activity in that sector is. There are huge differences by countries but the overall trend is the results of information from medium and large companies from across the 26 economies that we were able to cover from across the 15 different industry sectors. I think where we have a blind spot and I also want to be sort of very upfront on that is what is happening in for example the care economy or what is happening in more of the blue collar workforce. This is most certainly more of the results of white collar workforce or very sort of broader value chains. So there is a mix of information that we're seeing here. In terms of Singapore specifically I think this depends again on the types of proactive policies that are in place. To some extent the rate of disruption or change is higher in those places which are not prepared for absorbing it and Singapore is not only a leader in terms of the types of skills that people are able to acquire but now the new efforts for supporting people through job transitions mapping out what are the jobs of the future and so when it comes to the Nordic countries when it comes to countries like Singapore there is definitely an advantage in terms of preparedness and that is why perhaps some of that disruption is seen at a slightly smaller scale than it is in other economies that are less prepared. Thank you Sadia. Do we have anything to add? Unfortunately I think I would only just be agreeing with Sadia there. From what we've done in our own work we've definitely seen that Singapore seems to be a leader in that space and so my estimation is that it's just as Sadia said the road has been paved already so they're starting a little bit further ahead. Thank you very much Karin. Good then we can move on to the second question. We have Pranjal Sharma from Business Standard in India. Is Pranjal with us? Yes we can see you Pranjal. I think you're still on mood. Unmute for the moment? Yes you're unmuted. So please your question Pranjal. Good morning everybody. You know very timely report. Sadia addressed one of the thoughts that I had but I think to get deeper into that the whole transition piece sounds very smart but actually it's very difficult. The impact on the job loss is really mostly on blue collar workers white collar workers have a better ability. My basic question is that when you talk about transitioning and Karin referred to that earlier as well the prep for transition is a huge effort. Everybody cannot just transition to these new 95 million jobs which are happening. And I don't know whether you have assessed whether the 85 million which are lost versus the 95 million which are created. What is the overlap between them if you do a Venn diagram for instance. The real effort and I think which is where the country's policy makers and enterprises really need to focus is how do they use the time required. Is it going to be too slow and too late for a lot of people and that's what I think the real fears are across the world. I mean both in emerging economies and in developed countries. Thank you for the question. I would see these two ends of the spectrum as so you've got the 85 million that are being disrupted the 95 million that are being created. But there is a massive gap between them. And I don't know if you can understand that. It's not necessarily fundamentally disappearing or fundamentally growing. But the skills range within them is completely changing. So one of the other messages that comes out of the report is that for the average job the average change in the core skills is 40 percent. So I think overall one big part of the answer is reskilling back to a system that has existed for 40 or 50 years at least in some parts of the world which is the traditional vocational training system. And that exists in countries like India in other parts of South Asia but equally some of the leaders in the world on that are in Switzerland or Austria or Germany. So that TVET system does have to be not only brought back but has to be upgraded and the skills that are provided through that system have to become a whole lot more rapid much better recognized and we have to sort of revalue that work. And maybe one other element I'd add there is we've all just seen through the pandemic who were truly the frontline workers who were the people that kept the engines of the economy going and that was the people that were working in the grocery stores the people who were the postal workers nurses and care workers. And there are certain professions that are either blue color or white color but require much more in person work than some of the work that can very easily be automated and digitized. So I think that's a in the long term that is going to be a positive in terms of the recognition of that form of work and a revaluation by all of our societies of that work. So there will need to be a change in both the blue color and very quickly on your point on job transitions that is another system which exists in certain parts of society but will or certain societies but will need a major upgrade which is if you think about the traditional career center or job center these are very community based localized support systems. There will need to be much greater strengthening much more investment in those in addition to providing a lot more of active support for making those transitions is also necessary. And third point that I'll stop after that is at the moment with the crisis. Governments in advanced economies in particular but also in emerging markets are distributing enormous amounts of funds to support workers to provide wage support to provide support to businesses to be able to keep their workers for longer. We now need to move into a more advanced way of improving upskilling and some of those job transitions. That takes different forms in different parts of the world but this is the kind of nuance that governments will need to move towards it's not just an era of bigger government it's also an era of requiring boulder government. Thank you, Sadia. Anything to add from our other panelists to Pranjal's question? I think we have a lot of questions about transitions are not always as seamless as I think we'd like to make them and one of the things that we've seen in our data is that when you break out the resilience of workers to make transitions those workers with the most disruptive digital skill sets have made the fastest transitions. So if you are already very knowledgeable about cloud computing or large data analytics, you're going to be able to do that. So I think that's a good aspect. If you have very basic digital literacy at the other end of the spectrum the rebound at least by our data has been slower for you in terms of getting hired and the transition has probably been a lot bumpier so I don't have anything to add to what my co-panelists have already said so I think that's a good point. Thank you very much Karen and Emily, you wanted to add also. Yes, so I agree completely with Sadia and Karen and I also think it's important to remember that when we talk about jobs that are being created by automation it's easy to think about the data scientist or the software engineer but there are a lot of things that are often easier transition points for folks who are moving out of blue collar positions. So one example is Google IT support specialist. There are thousands of companies around the world that use Google Cloud, Google Drive, many of you engage with Gmail and Google calendars. Those folks need IT support specialists working with their customers and helping them understand how to debug Google. And there is a fantastic training. It takes six to eight months. It's all online on Coursera called the Google IT support specialist certification and it takes people who most of them don't yet have a college degree and prepares them for jobs in this role and Google also works with their customers to match graduates of that program as well. So one example is Google Cloud. It's easy to think about the very tip of Maslow's hierarchy of data needs or technology needs or cloud needs but we also must remember that that foundation is built on folks who are largely administrators of that technology and that is a more natural shift that we're seeing especially for folks who are being involved in that role. And one of the most inspiring stories that we see in the data are the stories of people who say take the Google IT support certificate, transition into that role and while working in that role then up level in it masters of computer sorry, a bachelor's of computer science despite the fact that they never had a bachelor's before. So thinking about these types of data that we're seeing in the data that we get into a full diploma bearing degree that can ultimately unlock a white color job it's a long path it's not an easy path it requires the support of an employer if you're employed of a government if you're unemployed of your communities and your families but it's inspiring and it's what we're seeing and it is what the technology is creating. Thank you very much Emily. We have another live question unless anything you would like to add also to Pranjal's question how to master the transition. Just very quickly Pranjal I think in a lot of ways you head on the head that the crux of this right that we can look at the starting point and the endpoint but the transition in between is where the significant complexity in technology and data but in in conversation with people going through those individual personalized transitions and I would call up probably the three common hitfalls we see that's worthwhile considering as we think about their response to this. The first is the majority of our current public and private sector investments in this space are singular interventions right it's either an investment in skills development or the reality of an individual's transition when you look at the underlying data is it's going to take a package of supports it's going to need a bit of career readiness stuff some coaching and guidance hopefully the right skill training targeted to what they need access to human support even if that's virtual to help them make sense of that but we don't have a lot of investments in those flexible combined packages of support. So we have a lot of people who are already ready for it they might already be in a job and they're jumping over so there is work to be done on the demand side with employers to significantly prioritize those who are further from the center into those especially the most accessible roles that Emily was touching on and then I would say the third risk when it comes to these transition to truly affordable housing. So we have a lot of people who are willing to make a lot of money. You know money does talk whether it's private or public investment and we've got to start paying for the things that actually matter an example we have seen our companies and governments paying for distance traveled of someone from a even if it's not fully to be so if it's someone at 60% readiness to make a lot of money. So we have a lot of people who are willing to make a lot of money from an investment in supporting those furthest from the center with wraparound supports combination of technology and human support and then work on the demand side to make sure these 95 million that are going to be created are used for those who need it most. Thank you very much. We have another life question. Go ahead with your question. One second we we don't hear you and we are new to health Louis Peterson doesn't seem to be a mood. Can you try again? No, unfortunately we we can't hear you. So what I will do is I will read out one question in the studio. Can you please test with with Kelly Louis just that we get this on and on. How many workers do you expect will be upskilled in time to correspond with the loss in job roles due to automation? Anybody wants to go first to address that question? I can make maybe one to get the ball rolling. I think it will depend to some extent on how many workers depend to some extent on the financing and the incentives that are available, but what it has become very clear is most businesses actually do see that there is a return on investment within one year from having invested in rescaling and upskilling their workers. So one would think that the business case is there. I think why it's become quite hard at the end of the day is that there are a lot of very short-term decisions because of the current nature of the economic downturn and the constraints that they're facing. And that's where I think this element of stakeholder capitalism comes in. This is the moment for many large businesses to sort of live up to the conversation around stakeholder capitalism and to take on board that role. And I think that there are a lot of things that need to, that they can make. And at the same time ensure that even in cases where there are wholly redundant roles, some level of support is provided to those workers to help them transition to their next role, even if it's outside of the company and outside of their industry. And there are some companies that we are working with. In fact, we're going to put the long-term return on investment in mind rather than just the very short-term constraints that they're facing. Thank you, Sadia. Karen, Emily or Hamun, you want to come in on this question? Perhaps just a quick comment on that question of how long would this take and how many people could be put through it. I think to Sadia's point, there is dependency on the types of investments that are made. But I think what the data provides is just about anyone who might be impacted with the right levels of both training wraparound supports anywhere between a 6 to 12 month mark, you could meaningfully land them in an opportunity that is sustainable over time or at a minimum sets them up on a step ladder to more and more sustainable and lower risk opportunities. What's interesting from a funding perspective is depending on the profile of the supports they already have in place and the skills they might be starting from, the cost of that transition can range from anywhere in the order of magnitude of $50 and they do it on their own on an online platform without any human support to give or take around $10,000 if they are starting from a very frontline role trying to transition into a meaningfully higher order in order to make that transition successful. And so I think that's where that range then the question becomes how do we bring together the right stakeholders to fund that at the right scale in the right level so that the sufficient number of people, especially those who need it most can take advantage of the new opportunity. I will add only that governments in addition to enterprises will be critical to the new opportunity that we need. Coursera on April 24 launched our Coursera for Workforce Recovery Initiative aimed at helping governments provide unemployed citizens with free access to job relevant learning on Coursera and we have seen huge uptake we have activated over 325 programs, more than 70 countries, 30 U.S. states and cities, 700,000 unemployed workers have been enrolled in Deshaev 3 million courses preparing especially for fast growing entry level jobs in IT healthcare business and it's been astounding and it's only the beginning so countries with active programs range from Albania to Greece to Singapore to Ukraine and as Hamunso aptly put it the wraparound services are really critical to the success so in one example Costa Rica's government has launched the Coursera to identify current job openings and their skill requests then they've built live learning programs on Coursera that teach those skills and then they're connecting graduates with the relevant skills directly to the hiring companies. In another example U.S. state of Maine their department of labor is targeting specific skills that help workers qualify for open jobs, think project management and so making sure that folks who are in the process of searching for a job are supported in getting education as part of that search so that search can be successful and so that they can be up leveling in their careers so absolutely we need companies on board and individuals play a critical role but so do governments and I think the scale that we'll reach will be largely determined by those private public companies that have the ability to engage those for the world. Thank you Emily. We give it a one more try. Carl Louis Peterson from Denmark and let's see if we can hear you otherwise I can read out your question I received it also in written. Carl can you try? Unfortunately now the audio does not work but I have received your question so I will try to read it out and see the potential move see the potential move 44% of their workforce forced to operate remotely since the lockdown millions have worked from home and many want to keep doing so. How many jobs will be lost especially among the unskilled and the service and transport sectors in city centers and what will be the overall effect on urbanization? I don't know how many of you have started but I think everyone here has a lot of information on the different parts of this puzzle. So the ILO since the beginning of the lockdowns has been trying to trace what it means for some of the office closures and what kind of job losses that create. So in this particular quarter if we think about the cumulative office closures and what that means in terms of the number of jobs that are lost in the world and the number of jobs that are lost in the world and the number of jobs that are lost in the world. So you are absolutely right that there is some element of this that simply cannot move to remote work and there is a large set of people that are not able to perform their work online and also don't happen to be frontline workers that are essential to their work. So there are certain sectors where for example take aviation travel tourism. Some of these companies will not necessarily be able to continue to maintain their current staff. I think we are starting to see that there have been massive layoffs in aviation. In certain societies governments have provided that support but in the longer term we might be looking at some of the data from China or some of the countries that emerge from that first wave of lockdowns. Some parts of human behavior and societal behavior went back to quote-unquote normal relatively quickly and that applies to services, entertainment, eating out etc. Some of those behaviors went back to normal relatively quickly and so there may be a faster bounce back in those sectors. So I think it's going to depend very much on which sectors and then what that composition is off a particular economy. How many people come from a sector that may not recover fast and how many come from a sector that does. Thank you, Sadia. We're almost finished this briefing. We have a minute left. Karen, you would like to add to that answer. I think we have a lot of information on the migration data. We are looking at migration data which allows us to see how people, when they update their profile, we can see where they are and if they've moved. And what we are seeing is indeed people are leaving certain cities, not all, but often large densely populated and expensive cities for what we call like migration from certain cities but not all cities which we think is probably temporary and not permanent but again, that's speculation. I don't have particular data that tells us whether that's permanent or not. The second thing that we're seeing is that people are increasingly looking for remote work. So we saw a four fold increase in the jobs that were advertised or posted on our website. We saw a three fold increase in people who are actually searching when they come job seekers are looking for remote work. All of this since March is massive increases worldwide in the hunt for remote work. Still, it only adds up to being a fraction of the total amount of work that's available. So there are many people who won't be eligible or find a job. So that's a big part of the construction. So there are sectors where it's not really convenient. One of the things I want to say and I'll close here because I know time is short is I think we need to think about what work is going to look like if there are successive pandemics because this is just one virus. But there's no reason to think there won't be another pandemic in the future. There's no reason to think there won't be another pandemic in the future. There's no reason to be as resilient as possible. Whether workers are resilient and they have these portable skills, whether cities are set up to flex as need be to protect safety. And I think that's going to be the trick going forward is setting up for the risk that there might be other


The Prime Minister of St. Lucia continues to advocate for equitable access to climate finance for small island developing states. The issue was brought to the fore by the recent passage of Hurricane Elsa, which battered the island living in her wake one death and millions of dollars in damages. We get details in this report. The passage of Hurricane Elsa has once again brought to the fore how paramount it is that countries have equitable access to climate financing. Climate finance refers to local, national or transnational financing, which may be drawn from public, private and alternative sources of financing. It is critical to addressing climate change because large-scale investments are required to drastically reduce emissions, notably in sectors that emit large quantities of greenhouse gases. Climate finance is equally important for adaptation, for which significant financial resources will be similarly required to allow societies and economies to adapt to the adverse effects and reduce the impacts of climate change. Prime Minister St. Lucia, the Honourable Alan Sharsney says it is proving especially difficult for small island developing states, SIDS, to access climate financing. The difficulty is you run a very fine line because the indicators that the global international agencies use to determine your solvency, your capability, is debt to GDP and also per capita GDP. These are two things that are used on a regular basis. St. Lucia still is not determined to be a high-level income country or a middle income country and we still have access to some concessional financing. And because of your debt to GDP, you're restricted on how much you can borrow. So even though it may be on a very concessional terms, it can affect your credit rating if you have too high of a debt to GDP number. What we've been working with the development agencies with is to reclassify small island developing states. St. Lucia is one of the 43 small island developing states around the world using what we called a different indicator, one that is based on vulnerability. So it takes into other things in the consideration. So we saw in the Bahamas, even though they have a very high per capita GDP, they still have not recovered from the hurricane in 2019. And that's because it's a lot of money to make that happen. So we would like the international agencies to either lend this money or more importantly to give us grant funds because climate change is not our fault to put in plain English. Even if we were to become net neutral, it's not going to change our situation. It requires America, Canada, Europe, China to address these situations. The Prime Minister opined that funding should be made available to SIDS to enable these countries to build resilience against climate change. Honourable Shasne described the situation as an ongoing battle. He explained that the affected countries are confronting the challenges using a collaborative approach. We're speaking as one voice. There is the COP meeting coming up in the UK, Prime Minister Boris Johnson and now having carried the former Secretary of State in the United States as well as Prime Minister Trudeau and the Commonwealth Secretary at working with us to get this message across. The World Economic Forum, as you know, St. Lucia is one of the two countries in the world that was included to help design the new World Economic Order as it pertains to climate change. These papers are going to be presented and I'm very hopeful that persons will understand our plight. So even before COVID came, it was a difficult situation. COVID only exasperated the situation and I would say this to you, the work that we did leading up to COVID on climate change really helped make the case very fast because if you see the World Bank and the IMF and CDB all responded in record time in providing resources to us to deal with COVID. So I'm encouraged and I think that we are arguing this not from a begging perspective but certainly reminding the world that if you limit the economic output of these countries you're minimizing the opportunities for your own countries. The UK will host the 26 United Nations Climate Change Conference of the parties COP 26 in Glasgow on the 31st of October to the 12th of November 2021.


ver we win come out on top with hockey again. Hi mage ox Do not listen to anything. I tell you with any other sport except hockey. Listen to me on hockey Don't listen to me on anything else is our tomson quiet Lively luke, uh, quiet Leonard city edition foil smith Najee Roy Hachimara wrote to the playoffs two 999 That's randomly show up with no one's here brah and marcus sassar.  Olivia maxon's prosper taylor hendrix hanty grab it anti-gravity Nicola yokech marie bailey clay purple Isiah mobley I just I bet the kraken. I just bet the kraken the kraken plus one and a half join walsh Jason tatum. They've done me. Well a few times Hey, you like a trap the the throwback or else that love it, man Justin buckevic wemby ignition of jerrits walker Wemby again Scoop purple of shake milton for the tea wolves, uh, k g jordan hawkins hoopla of lebron Sounds like a lot of Sounds like a lot of There we go, that is money baits brandon miller luke donchich All presentations. Oh the presentations. I'd be fire. Let's get you one. Let's get you one, Jeremy. You're like I'm like mongus actually peer shooter kobe buffkin On james speaking of ps buff, I need some ps chains right now Kobe Jones. All right ben chefford What yeah Uh, deer and fox rode to the finals fire the cannons Yeah, I'm far. Um, let's go Let's go It's game day boys. Yeah, I'll tell you george. Yeah, technically it is officially game day Odzemsky. Whoo Scoot Henderson Let's go. Lawson hood cheffino Anthony black rookie. You really want to fire the cans? We should turn this mic on Pick it. No the 199 fire the poisson modern miller there is garland 2012 throwback writing this eva post for like an hour jail hood cheffino Uh, my amen thompson rookie special can quick more I'm in thompson lorry marketing 225 big a shop gun look like lorry marketing and Nice one there called bridges I think that's a baby tron. I think that's a baby tron bar rapper. Have you ever heard of baby tron? Really? This guy is known to make a bunch of like very strange sports references in songs I'm not really either but there's a tiktok page called literally it's called crazy sports references That's the only reason I know it because I just use songs and crazy sports references all hot Oh nice One Big double o and yucco kong moon for the hawks. Let's go What's the uh, how much what's the buy-in? I'm bad I'm bad at all Now make sure to get your spots with forest tomorrow night everybody. Yeah, we got spots available. We all oh, yeah Yeah, we don't think we're doing a holiday party this year. We didn't really do one last year. We did a Thanksgiving We just did like an outing for For christmas last year. They haven't since I've been here. They haven't really done sorry thompson We went to Shake mill into 199 PSA nine mj rookie than everyone other car was PSA one god like about a like hundred thousand dollar swing Noah clowny laugh it up clowny ps buff shay Leonard miller little hood shafino chris murray cam whitmore almond thompson Fred van vleet purple Monnie bates and brandon miller The massive swing on that one Yeah, but kino luke up extreme team Maxwell lewis max christy ignition of stef Mara shack deer and fox What Lightning wind, baby, let's go. Kenyan martin jr. Let's go I just realized it's any black. He honest Taking that jersey behind his proud. Oh, yeah Lebron marcus sassar christian brown second year hoops ain't got him. Oh, he always does. Hey What Yeah, George, what's up? I know screw henderson john rand. It's not really a good thing, unfortunately Scoot attack the rack, uh, marie bailey Tristan vukovic on the artist proof to 25 Wasn't he still like calm back from injury? Isn't he like when you get reinstated like just hope he's good reinstated also azar thompson. Yeah, wasn't he hurt I think wimby and wimby again Now I think you're right azar thompson lovely lebron purple Yeah, see now playing ben shepherd anthony edwards Look, uh Nick smith lebron Hi voltage Scoot henderson james nagi case on wallace Oh, yeah, yeah, that's pretty funny Chain smoke or whatever it was called just like taken on like a potato and frozen facebook life It's only me again. Oh god.  I think I know someone that can come in Sean oh Jesus Jumbo, what up jumbo? Come on man. Glad to see you in here. I'm gonna see you all night. Hey jumbo Where's jg underscore late? That's what we need to find You know my friend bofa. I met one Good to see my friend bofa still works the latest Red back of brandon ingram Nice one for the pelz Nice. I'm in thompson on the On the presentations for the rock has been drinking for four hours Danny green 275 It's amari kamara shack and chris murray. Hey, what's up jg? jg score 08. I don't know man. Sorry thompson. Does he? I hope so. You had the sniffles today Yeah, that's true I remember they fired a mixmith jr. james nagi jante george right sense of all uh scoot jaylon slawson and koai lettered city edition yokich marie bailey clay padzemski ignition foil scratch We're losing it man. There's stef curry foil roback cod vukovic wemby rookie scoot rookie Wemby rookie again keldin johnson scoot rookie again andre jackson jr. Rookie otter for the bucks Grats on that milwaukie mke scoot again and a maxill Lewis purple boyan mcdonoughbitch randon miller nova clowny uh jordan hawkins rookie 2199. It's actually pretty solid Grats on that pelicans ps buff uh taylor hendricks kevin durant mccall bridges colby jones purple of dorian finney smith dfs draftings guy jack howard d wade andre jackson wrote to the playoffs A road to the finals is stef curry a coby brown grady dick on then thompson and luka donchich in black purple gary patin jaylon green high voltage wow monobates walker kessler for the chess uh scu henderson on the presentations coming to get me there you go to drive all right watch out man That is a highlights of luka 60 point 20 rebound ten assist game 60-20-10 Will tell shawney owes us a cagger for sure He absolutely does Parking lot lsc parking lot Put a mess that with me uh jaylon duran To 99 on the green next smith jr james nazi purple dilo keanotte george scu henderson um n thompson what anthony black yannis wemby letter miller purple shay lsc put god can you imagine lsc parking lot party luchafino like a darty grant williams to 199 for the maps Champions bruce brown to 99 nice one there championship moments for the rugs ad base colby jones joel mb Lebron marcus sasser bam out of bio high voltage foil libya maxon's prosper jarris walker As well yokech rookie of amari bailey clay thompson chris mullen nice nba hoopsink Brad's on that one there warriors some vukovic wemby rookie Maxwell lewis bazar thompson rookie derek labley luka amansomson m quitmore amansomson jalen pickett kairi money beats city edition lamella one old school darty helia randon miller Noah clowney purple of mcconley coby buffkin gg jackson jarris walker case on wallace ignition foil wendman yama scoopch now playing amansomson kg jordan hawkins and city edition brunson did you put your hands up or not that's that's that's going to be the big factor if you're going to want to buy the picture or not it's your hands are up shun shoelaces around it from the other guy's neck and dylan wow what a bop bop what a bop bop that's scary for sure that's that's that's scary it was worse than the last time i had it you got it so it was bad and then you got it i wanted to go to mexico but the line was in chicken for the test track for the damn food so they really green deffin of a cell or not green uh redback you had to wait for the test track is what you're saying no no no like i want pj washington i wanted to go get the notch of the mexico place you know how it's like right in the front yeah the line was like crazy long at uh forfeit them scoop slawson no a clowning to 199 for the nets on the roof mid i think it was made by that place you think it was made by the mid-place probably can't remember how many times they haven't brought it every day how come brogds into 299 those bears in that dude i can't hear jake's story turn his mic on there is no shot jake's mic gets turned back on today here i'll turn it back on amin thompson pen chevro you want to say johnson stephen curry no no we're not turning it on nope nope nope nope unless you want to like i'm sorry thompson scoop on the anti-grav before feel like you're putting your phone in the microwave very lively xion you know that sound when you put two phones that are calling each other close together yeah that's what it looks like now but i'm already times worse james nagi max streus for the cabs on the auto that's again cabs uh auto he is a cleveland cavaliere but is in his heat jersey purple there it grows amin thompson alan averson green to 99 for the sixers it's not like a waterfall honestly very hyacinth not what kyle said me that did not sound like a water he's hearing giggling in the background too jayson it sounded like we were getting airstrikes by the warhawk dude luke dot chich purple yeah honestly set one day sense of law luke so bad he's laughing at the end as well right yeah chubby buffkin purple jaylen slawson taylor hendrix there's lebron nice one there on the foil shallard t-weight andre jackson wemby on the sheesh and koby brown claus speaks turns the speakers up to 90 probably does dude they got a pretty pretty pretty real sound system there i can't get over that can it ignore me yeah yeah that was his plan let's let you think about what he said for a minute in silence pretty much yeah this is your irl five minute time out hi dude anthony i'm crying bro and what he said to me i'm crying it's that one should go to bed probably stride oh boy probably or mix the water in one of the other still laughing at it can you hear me now yeah all i hear is machine guns and yeah calling him chopper gunner yeah and i'm gonna say 130 above marvin bagley on the uh red bag hey you found him go here we go huge 2023 mls cup i like that corgi races what do you say it's like corgi races jesus really good i got doors you've seen this uh no oh man this is classic sim hardaway at 199 you watch this movie is that great movie strawther who is that uh strong candy john candy i was gonna say i thought it was randon milley brady dick that's pretty good hey mohammed go ahead abron james road to the finals it's murray antman brawn case on wallace and purple step curry laugh it up no clowny czar ridges city edition they're lively smith hoopla step curry on the foil johnson brady dick jaylon williams second year j will nice one there congrats funda funda it was a funny sometimes come again josh green like imagine getting this out of the okay try to play like a four this this this is like all right sim hardaway at 75 look at the last break we did i got caro with the bar was a funny clip in all caps when i'm again branded an explanation what am i supposed to say what is a bar card yeah how did you get caught what is a bar card what do you mean by you got him with the bar card what do you mean by a funny there's no context whatsoever in that statement at all to buy his hair is purple i don't understand i figured it out and devin booker not from any not not from any of shawnt held no i kind of just piece it together last break carl was a funny it was a funny clip this is what he was funny no i was a funny no he probably did the rendering speech thing oh yeah like he does when he goes outside marcus sassard Anthony black oblivion accents props for nicole yokich kawai Leonard marie veyley and clay uf with a spot thank you darin picking up a couple of jerseys should be able to get to a couple of personals tonight matthew's origin's international blaster and then a couple of jerseys for darin as well some more boxes to go here everybody should we just add more bases they're coming in and make our lives a lot easier it needs to be like bowman's draft super jump though that's what it needs to be they're coming in two packs yeah and nunchucks that's the only thing i'm not looking forward about draft i mean we don't have a lot of one thing you can do is you can just use the flap shaw true back in and vice versa right hey hosay alvarado read back champions of the nunchucks championship parade champions parade first anthony loves that we got Anthony's on board there marie veyley we got you man be honest that'll be me that'll be the guy in the breaker chair you're talking to him right now Tatum entrey jackson jr to 199 he's like dude let's go he's trading right now oh yes Seth londi ryan rupert the hoops sensible zion 10 cases of jumbo is really not that bad and 20 cases of choice i could do in my sleep at this point ryan rupert it was like if there was like five cases of super jumbo then i would have a bit of an issue that would be tough went more and we can knock the short the hobby out pretty quickly ben shepard Reeves and sheesh of kason walis keg a j steal a draft a j griffin sod griff brady dick ebb and fornia to at 75 chris murray ant-man kason walis kason walis dg jackson a jamal murray chris walker purple of jamal murray lebron james marcus sass jason tatum that is extreme team yeah we are going to get buried in vapor man good lord libya maxon's prosper yokech kason walis hypnotized of harden shrey young jaylin uh wilson jarris walker ruby brown marcus sasser goye damon lillard study the freaking checklist a little tomorrow leaky black nice one there rats on that one hornets on the rookie odd pula bolly vince carter hud zemsky azar thompson strother devon vasel on the purple the towered i'm a jox junior now playing foil d wade andre jackson d book foil and brandon miller rookie all right two boxes left everybody two to go channel two whizza uh lobby lizza lizza uh lobby lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza lizza uh-huh when you had your headache on lizza you were feeling good it was like yeah jayf's got a little baby headache john goes he always got that got him got him got him dude go home dude go home uh john and kaminga for the warriors go to strive go to bed gary trenton jr this guy is not gonna be ready for poker tomorrow i can tell you that that needs to happen probably strive poker at 12 p.m the guy is not gonna be ready for poker at 12 p.m jordan walsh walt pulavalli rukavik sack levine green green levine to 99 hey wemby and another wemby delvin johnson ignition of lebron scoot rookie kg koby boy hawkins nice well loose crecy kamara go by his Harris road to the finals to 9.99 i go all in on the first five hands anyway azar thompson anthony black erick labnett and anti-gravity azar thompson you shun s picking up some super jumbo spots awdy bait spranden miller purple james harden no clowning koby buffkin extreme team yas trade jones taylor hendrix next smith jr hey kd koby jones azar thompson jarris walker lebron anthony edwards foil sasa we got next jordan hawkins levine maxon's prosper niggly yokich amari bailey artist gilmore i just won there for the bowls 225 hot signatures pata city edition yokich on the 2012 throwback foil miller carl lowery purple good shafina jaren jackson jr to 199 on a foil for the grizzlies those are jaguars can't wait more that's not even the right sport i'm in thompson jet howard fair moses moody and pascal siacombe gg jackson gg gg royachimara sack levine city edition foil lukidonchich schnick smith jr kominga james nazi purple jay murphy james nazi again and emicell was that a 48? that's weird that's really weird that is really weird strife i don't know that's odd skew henderson redback that's nasty there we go congrats trailblazers and a shade on sharp redback for the blazers as well only one sold out of 50 maybe i'm maybe they're first out off the line parallel or something i don't know i don't think it'd be that high numbered though that's the only thing i could think of strife that is weird davion mitchell last box here everybody by the way coolabali daren fox to 199 a case on wallace davis carl anthony fountains purple gg jackson haunch morrow juris walker stef curry road to the finals to 999 marcus sasser eric lively we got next a n olivia maxon's prosper stef curry what are you laughing at now it's a 99 dyson daniels what my body is just a weird thing yeah it's just happening marcus sasser it's so weird oh so she azar thompson it's like it hall george i don't know it was weird strother scoot randon miller tray young wendy and boy i don't know dude i really don't know anything it's hard to explain i have no idea what's happening to him it's like a reverse party mellow ball so like instead of we going out i've been talking d-way god man go to bed well coolabali it's just andre jackson a lot wrong with jake kobe brown jayton hardy second-year auto yes nice one there maps gape vince amen zompson this guy has lost it man julian philips jason tatum koby buffkin three whitehead seth londi brice sensaba no no you're here in this rooper donovan michel no that was a legit thing that was said yes taylor hendrix amen thompson sheesh foil hey kianthe johnson and kd we've got a i'm into the mcdonalds earlier jayden hardy gary trent jr chris mullen christian brown jaylin williams max truce leaky black andre jackson jr to 25 artist gilmore and lory markinan that'll do it for the break everybody thanks again for the filp up next are a couple personals all right yeah we finished right about it when i thought we were gonna finish right at um about 130 i've lost it man or is this a whole group break ship or something yeah that'll that'll do something to you man what'd you say what strive i just lost it man ah shut up strut i get it took me a minute i get it get him out send him home i don't do it i don't that's an offstream conversation right there all right so we've got daren with a couple of jerseys and then mathy with a origins international i'll be right back everybody grab these personals i was going to talk to strive too much god that ruins people i'll buy myself pretty much drive go to a veg drive two personals all right we've got mathy b ah that'll do it saturday all right we got like a half hour for personals there's only two in queue if um nothing else comes in by the time i'm done with these two that'll be it for the night but um if something else comes in we got time to do it so and that is up to you up to you all all right good luck here mathy going on everyone sam here with late in sports cards ripping a one box of 23 penny origins football international blaster for mathy b it's good luck here mathy let's do it i didn't even do it i just looked at you and you started laughing i didn't even have to do anything at all again 2023 tiz trade tucker davan aachen and dorian thompson robinson on the og kendrey miller roshan johnson startups of jamir gibbs this is leonace uh luke musgrave to 149 on the orange foil in k bigsby and hendon hoker there's davis willanderson jordan adison on the og for the Vikings cj stroud rookie right on top get old jalen carter variation hidden o'connell jonathan mingo and startups of shon clifford and last box good luck here uh mathy jalen carter red to 199 nice one there on the numbered rookie sam leportos that's in benet and luke schoenmaker that will do it for your break there uh mathy thanks again for the support buddy get him right out to my man all right two jerseys again last break if nothing else comes in by the time we're done that's gonna that's gonna do it on a jersey get one then strive do it yes it's new this year louise it's new this year woman draft choice is a new product this year our new skew i should say new skew all right darin darin w what to do thanks sir all right good luck here darin getting a break yeah we're done with group breaks for the night uh easy but if you want to personally still have like 20 minutes or so and we buy either it's giant to the tiger smart tigers are legit both are pretty legit good luck going on everyone sam here with latent sports cards are from two boxes of 23 leaf autograph football jersey edition boxes for darin w it's a good luck there let's do it that's probably just wrong then because there's no way they're gonna put this first in with no auto that doesn't make any sense oh jeez strive buying a jersey god oh lord oh god thank you some good oh god he did get a jersey i love it yes he did all right starting off with a zavier worthy nice one there the texas jersey the uh burnt orange congrats on that place first like you that's pretty cool louise is that eldridge rice eldridge this is a very worthy yeah i'm in trouble with that hey you probably use it right it doesn't know it does you're right it does look too big but all right good luck here darin let's see another one it really sounds like gotcha gotcha gotcha that's all we got there uh nice justin fields on the orange very nice congrats on that his autos on these jerseys have been immaculate congrats on that one darin that's freaking awesome dude that is freaking awesome justin fields on the orange very nice let's take that that'll do it for your break there um darin thanks again for the support buddy get them right out to my man all right strive let me go grab you a jersey don't mean to pick it okay all right i'll take jake with me if it sucks you're signing it too oh god all right one sec everybody are you guys ready for the one-on-one booklet whoa and kyle schwarber dude what a patch on that i'm assuming that's from the second eye because that's the loop of the l that's a loop loop of the second l with the star from the eye that's so nasty oh my god man wow david orteez trissing causes dual autograph there we go 14 of 15 there we go yeah michael c yep vaughn i am uh we're going to do the same emotions currently heart beating faster breathe oh my god look at that on car and everything come on man that's beautiful i don't uh whoa oh my god yeah all right if it sucks i'm signing it Jesus uh depends what you're looking to get joe um if it's like a huge break then no but if you want a couple of boxes or something quick yeah for sure five nine four five all right strive let's do it buddy going on everyone sam here late in sports cards ripping one box of 23 leaf autographed football jersey for strife so good luck strive come on see something big see it see it see a qb or something all famous that's pretty dope that is the powder blue keenan allen for the charges yeah so boy absolutely love the powder bleed powder blue as well man sick very nice congrats on that strive it's not too shabby actually that's pretty solid one of the better receivers in the nfl still as well very nice that'll do it for your uh break their strife thanks again as always buddy appreciate it get him right out to you buddy very nice there you're coming grab i'm i suppose because jake don't sign that too late jake already signed it all right joe if you want to throw an order in go ahead i'll give you a couple of minutes in case you're uh checking out right absolutely hunt yeah for sure for sure let me one right now yeah he carries man he does carry for sure you tend to jeez look how bad the way this is pretty solid it's very solid wash it ah jeez that's tough tough one that's a tough one i can hear the end of that nope nope not at all not going to hear the end of that at all so sake actually it's posted i kind of stumbled a bad and kept my head ripped off for wicking with chuck life oh god yeah have a fun one there peter won't load this i all right sounds good joe sounds good sorry about that tomorrow joe tomorrow morning at 10 a.m eastern time kyle will be starting with um we'll be doing personals um so definitely check that out if you want a personal tomorrow there you go what's up joshua france is picking up a bunch of star wars masterwork spots it's the same logo as the two at two really that's kind of that's weird is it is it on either side of the sleeve on both it probably is on both sleeves i'd imagine yeah has ever 4k damn dude yeah i think i think you're right on that one on the uh no that doesn't make sense because then they have a motor roll on the other oh do that oh because it's so yeah for insurance yeah i guess that makes sense that's a little annoying yeah that's annoying um well i will see you guys later thank you again for hanging out here is the link to tomorrow uh to breaks with kyle in the morning and forest at night that is your look um thank you all again as always for getting everything filled up i will see you guys again monday morning on fanatics live at 9 a.m for bowman draft preview early release so have a good one


Thank you very much, Peter. Good morning to discuss in a way a new approach in water management. What is behind that? There are a few issues behind this debate. The first issue is that in the preparation of the Rio Blas 20 event, water people played only a marginal role. This process was primarily driven by the international colleagues in our ministries and in our international organizations, but water was more or less marginalized in this process. This was totally different from Choburg. In Choburg we had the sanitation goal and had the safe drinking water goal and the river basin plan goal. These two things changed a lot in the meantime. The second thing we thought about in this debate was when we started in the preparation of Rio, we asked ourselves about the success stories of integrated water resources management. It became very clear that integrated water resources management is an interesting concept, but outside the water community you have no buy-in into this concept because the integrated water resources management concept is primarily driven by water people and this is a kind of attitude that water people tell the energy, the food and the other water related sectors what to do. But in the integrated water resources management approach, we never asked, is there original knowledge of water management in the various sectors? This led us to the nexus approach and we started to discuss this in the framework of the Bonn Conference, taking up food security and energy security. There are, as you can see, much more other things. There is biodiversity, ecosystems. There is a whole field of energy crops. There are other energy for example is a quite diverse point. It was also clear that we have outside drivers in this process. If it comes to urbanization, if it comes to population growth and it comes to adaptation to climate change and we thought we put this triangle of water supply security, food security and energy security in a focus and see how we can work with that. We also have governments and I don't forget economics in this context but I think this was how we discussed it. And the interesting thing for the whole debate was that in the preparation phase, we had a close link, I have to say by accident, but fortunately by accident, with the World Economic Forum and we identified very clearly that the last report of the World Economic Forum was a report on the water, energy and food security nexus. We didn't know that when we started this debate. And it became risk-revealed and their economics comes in that the big companies identified the water resources issue as one of the most risky elements in the development of the industries. So this was something where we thought we cannot be on the wrong track if we are talking about the nexus and we have to see the economic community, the business community was ahead of us in debating this issue. The diversity of this issue became also clear when we mirrored it with the sustainability elements. There is the social dimension, this is still something we have to deal with. This applies for the bottom billion still and this applies for water, energy and for food security. And there is an economic issue in the social dimension because if you see the process of land grabbing in Africa, then in essence land grabbing is a water grabbing issue because land without water has no value. So this is something what is very difficult in the social context because the subsistence agricultural which is done on a lower level in the community there is endangered by such development. The economic dimension, this is an issue of perverse subsidies creating more wells while using less resource input. If it comes to food security it became very clear that there is a figure we have to think about. This is the figure that 40% of all produced agricultural products from the field to the fog never reach the fog. And this is something where we have to think about. And this means also if we waste food, we waste water and we waste human resources they had been put in such a production. And there was also clear that the ecological dimension cannot be ignored in this context. And so far it became clear that this triangle is the most pressing triangle we have to deal with. Water resources in the middle and you can on one hand side see this is something of developing countries.  This is also an issue which is burning for us in Europe. And therefore we decided to take this nexus perspective in helping to identify the interdependencies in this triangle. And I come back to the integrated water resources management issue. The integrated water resources management approach is a one-way approach. Get it or leave it is the message from the water side. This is a bit overdone probably but I think this is the way we are dealing with this issue since a long time and the water community is still surprised why is agricultural not accepting that integrated water resources management is so important. Because the agricultural community does not like to be told by the water community how to manage water. They like to get also on board and have it as a dialogue as a street which goes in two directions. Yesterday I saw this was quite interesting. You can put a lot of issues in this system and you always see that all three components can are not independent from each other. What I had been not able to do this would be also an easy presentation for the implementation of the water framework directive of EU water policy. You can put also the common agricultural policy in one corner and you can do the renewable energy policy sale. And you will really see energy crops are a very good issue in this context. If you are producing bio energy in having energy crops then you have on one hand side a CO2 reduction if you have the CO2 tunnel fuel on climate. But at the same time there is harm for soil and there is pollution for water. And at the same time I will not over stress that you have also a food component in this issue less in Europe than more outside. So this is from our point of view the way we should think also when we are first developing our implementation strategies for the water policy in the EU but the same applies on the national level. This has direct consequences ongoing process on formulating sustainable development goals not simply water goals, not simply energy goals, not simply food security goals. It's important to see the interdependencies if you are formulating those targets and in this process I personally think we need also the engagement of the water people. We cannot leave this issue simple to the climate people because climate has a focus on CO2 and other harmful emissions. But if you have only a CO2 perspective you do a simple thing which cannot be in the framework of sustainability. You reduce CO2 on one hand side but on the other hand side you move pollution to soil and to water and this cannot be a sensible concept to say the reduction of CO2 is in the focus but we ignore what's going on the left and the right side. This I call the collateral damages of too much focused CO2 climate policy. This is once more the issue we have to go to and thank you for your attention. My last sentence is integrated water resources management is an approach we should further use until we have not operationalized this nexus issue but I think what is important to be clear that if we like to survive with such a concept there is a need to involve the other sectors. The interesting thing is that the World Bank defined the leading project some weeks ago on economic tradeoffs of the water and energy nexus and they are doing not the way we intend normally to do. They picked up the energy models the energy sector in the bank is dealing with and asked where are the gaps in these energy models where we have to put in water and this started a debate which goes the other way around and where you get more acceptance from the energy side in discussing this issue. Thank you very much for your attention.


Today we're going to talk about AIDS and aiding, aiding our horse. AIDS simplified. This is something that you're going to hear people talk about but they're not always real clear on it, and I find people aren't always super clear on what that is, AIDS and aiding. We're going to see if we can make that real real easy real simple for you. One thing you have to really understand about horses it's in the little things. Less is more. Now sometimes in the beginning with horses we don't always have our horse's attention. Sometimes we're not always real significant to our horses, and there is a time and there is a place where people might get a little bit firmer with their horse to clarify an idea or to make their intention clear. But in the end less is more and that which is forced cannot be beautiful. Does that make sense? Especially with horses. If it's looking forced it's not going to look beautiful. The thing about aiding horses is this. It's all about being aware of ourselves, our horse, and our body. And if I don't have awareness of where my body parts are I'm surely not going to know where my horse's body parts are. So many people are fighting gravity first before they can actually guide their horse or give their horse feel. So I'm going to show you some positions that I see people get into with their horse, and you might consider if these are things you've seen or if these are things that you might do yourself. And in order to aid effectively we need to be centered and in the right position. One thing that I will see on a fairly regular basis is this. I see people sit sitting with their legs up here, and we call that a chair seat for a reason.  Get up from your chair.   Now stand up again.  Did you end up getting your feet underneath you a little bit more? Yeah, because when your feet are up here it's really hard to stand up, and you might see me roll my shoulders to stand up. You might see me use my elbows to help get momentum to stand up. If I have to do this I'm always behind the motion of my horse. I call that riding in a hole. I don't want to be behind my horse in a hole. I want to be on top of my horse. We need to make sure that we ride in a saddle that allows a centered position. Think straight line shoulder hip heel. Like an athletic ready position. If you're finding that you've got your feet up here and you slowly start riding back here the next thing that happens is because I'm behind the motion of my horse people start drawing their hands back. So now you're riding here. So now I drive his back down and he can't lift up and elevate underneath me. So an exercise you can do would be to take your knees off the saddle. Now I could do this at a trot. I could even do this up at a canner. I could take my thigh off the saddle lay it back down. We could do it at a trot. Lift your thigh up put it back down. You could lift one thigh up put it back down. Lift the other thigh up put it back down. But the idea is to get your femur down and back.  So my leg is under me. All of our joints in our body our ankle our knee our hip joint our elbow and our wrist should be in what we call a neutral position. So if I'm forcing my heel down look what that does to my horse's back in his head. If I force my heel down I start to sit heavy on their back. He starts to lift his head up and he looks back at me and it's like you're getting punched in the stomach or in the back and he's saying ouch don't do that. So my horse gives me feedback so when I'm moving him out if I get that leg back I'll feel him come up over his back and lift. He will feel free and have a swinging motion a easy swinging motion. For those of us that kind of ride with a chair seat check your saddle. And something to think about if I'm going to go on a long trail ride I'm going to pick a saddle accordingly so I might pick a western saddle trail saddle if I'm going to pony a horse I might pick a western saddle because I want that weight displacement I want to spread my weight out a little bit but if I'm going to ride my horse in the arena if I'm going to work on eating and some soft feel sort of exercises and be riding for less than an hour much of the time I pick a dressage saddle but I pick a saddle that allows my leg to be underneath me.