Hi there, I'm Mike, HR trainer at Coopersons UK. Today we'll be reviewing the basics of dismissing an employee on the grounds of gross misconduct. First question, what do you think counts as misconduct within the workplace? Unexceptible or inappropriate behaviour? It doesn't have to be just things that happen within the workplace. It can also include actions outside of the workplace. Most organisations will have a document setting out what behaviours are not acceptable and amount to misconduct. This may be part of a company handbook, disciplinary policy or code of conduct. Other actions may also count as misconduct. One difficulty can be deciding whether the behaviour is a performance or misconduct issue. It can be helpful thinking about whether this is an issue of can but won't or can't but willing. During the investigation stage you will want to find out how much training the individual has received and whether they understood what was required of them. Gross misconduct is the only form of misconduct which entitles you to dismiss the employee immediately. The law expects that only the very worst employee behaviour will amount to gross misconduct because of the implications for the employee of having to exit without any notice pay. Here are some examples. Again, the types of conduct which may result in immediate dismissal should be outlined in a company policy. The employment tribunals have been very clear in telling businesses that just giving a type of conduct the label of gross misconduct will not mean that it always is. Other types of conduct can amount to gross misconduct but your business will need to explain why this conduct is so serious. Even if the conduct would normally amount to gross misconduct, i.e. fighting, dismissal may not always be fair in those circumstances. In all other cases you will need to go through a process of giving written warnings to the employee setting out that their conduct is inappropriate and if there is a repeat of their previous conduct this may result in dismissal. If dismissed the employee is entitled to be paid notice pay. So my day started like this yesterday when I visited Great Bears. Hi Mike, one of the warehouse operatives may have stolen a bear. Can you tell me what I should do next? The basics of any conduct process is suspension, investigation, a disciplinary hearing and appeal hearing. Remember to follow your organisation's disciplinary procedure. Hold an investigation meeting with the employee and ask to look in his locker. You don't need to give him advance warning of the meeting or allow him to be accompanied. If you feel there is a risk to the business in Roger continuing to remain on site, suspend him immediately. Let's recap the law on suspension. Do you have to pay an employee whilst they are on suspension? The answer is yes unless you have a contract clause to the contrary. Suspension is not an indication of guilt or the outcome of the disciplinary process. There is no set length of time but it should be reasonable and necessary for the investigation to be carried out. Confirm the details in a letter. What about investigation? OK, you are not expected to be sure like Holmes. The more serious the offence, the more investigation you need to undertake. Speed is also of the essence whilst the information is fresh. There is no smoke without fire. Well, this is not always the case. Don't jump to conclusions. Even if an employee admits misconduct, a basic investigation should be undertaken in case all is not as it seems. Review where the alleged conduct took place. Look at whether the employee had the opportunity to carry out the alleged action. Are there any witnesses? Keep clear notes of your meetings with the witnesses. What policies, procedures or processes apply. Has the employee had any relevant training? What are the employee's reasons or explanation? Verify all the information you receive. Some tips on using CCTV footage. Is there any CCTV or footage of the event? If you are using footage, make sure that it wasn't taken in a place where people would expect privacy. When the investigation has been completed, as a minimum, all the evidence should be compiled. An investigation report can also be useful, but care should be taken that it is factual. OK, so the investigation is complete and the next stage is to carry out a hearing. Ideally, different managers should carry out the investigation, disciplinary and appeal stages of the process. All managers must be impartial. It is part of a fair process that the employee understands what allegations are being made against them. That way they can fully put forward their side of the story. You should also inform the employee of the right to be accompanied by either a trade union representative or a work colleague. Don't forget to warn the employee that a possible outcome of the disciplinary meeting is dismissal. What if the employee asks to bring their solicitor with them? Must you allow their request? The answer is no, you don't. Ask the employee if they require any adjustments to be made to the meeting on account of any disability. If points arise which need to be investigated, the disciplinary hearing will need to be adjourned whilst further investigation takes place. At the meeting, have an agenda and a list of questions. What about the decision? How do you ensure that it is fair? The law states that it must be within the band of reasonable responses. Basically, the law acknowledges that some employers will take a harsh view whilst others may take a more lenient stance to the behaviour. Within these two lies what is reasonable in these circumstances. Firstly, does the manager believe that the employee did it? Very embarrassing to have a dismissing manager who gives evidence at a tribunal who when asked whether he believes the employee did it, says no. Think about who is credible and whether they have a motive for giving a false picture of the events. Secondly, decide how serious the conduct is. What effect has the conduct had on profit, customers, reputation and employees? If there is uncertainty as to a rule, it may be that dismissal is not appropriate. You will need to reaffirm the rules within the workplace. Even if there are rules in place, are you sure that they have been properly communicated? If you come to the conclusion that yes, the employee has committed the misconduct and that behaviour is serious, you still need to look at all the mitigation. And, be aware of things you don't expect. If an employee says that their conduct is to do with their health, get advice from occupational health on the position before you continue. Think about whether a final written warning or demotion are more appropriate. Do you need to get the employee's consent to a demotion? The answer is yes, the employee must always consent to a demotion because it is a change to their employment contract. Get a copy of their written consent for the HR file. When you have come to your decision, put it in writing. This is not the time to begin a career as the next JK Rowling, so keep it brief, factual and explain how you came to your decision. Remember to say that you took into account their mitigation and considered the alternatives. You must always tell the employee how they can appeal the outcome. Then you wait to see if an appeal letter arrives. An appeal is an impartial review of the dismissing manager's decision. Ensure that the manager is impartial and preferably more senior within your organisation. The job is not to reinvestigate the whole process, but find out what information the employee has to add or disagrees with. Following an appeal hearing, the appeal manager will confirm or overturn the decision to dismiss. So, there we are. That's all the basics of dismissing someone for gross misconduct. If you have any further questions, contact.


Hey guys, it's Krega and a few days ago I got a call from one of my teachers at school and he was like One of my friends needs some help working on a project that I shopped do you want to come and I was like, okay Sure, so I went and it turns out we're making masks for frontline workers now So me and all my friends are making masks for the frontline workers. So enjoy. This is what we did My friends and see what they're doing tonight It doesn't have to be so I try to start a conversation with someone


rge do you have anything map amendments I do not have anything further to share oh okay all right so we and then I'll open up to any other commissioners Lazenby or or Shepard do you have any other adjustments that you'd like to see and if not we can probably just both to accept the remaining chapters that we haven't discussed the sequel and all of the rest okay um I had one question on the the map amendments excuse me the uh that was on the list of proposed map amendments the third one down 3051 Portella Drive and we heard from Oliver Carter this morning who owns the surf shop how does this change affect him is it the residential unit or am I missing something so if I may that the change is is on the general plan and zoning designation um it does not require redevelopment of the site it just suggests that in the future when the site is ready to redevelop it could develop at the new RF zoning density and the commission will remember I'm sure that we recently added a provision for commercial to be allowed in the residential flex zoning so any of these properties could have some commercial not that they don't have to but they could have some commercial included and so it would be up to each property owner when they are ready to sell or redevelop their property they would just need to be able to do it consistent with the new zoning district and its regulations there's there's nothing that would force this property or any other property to redevelop before they are ready I will say that this particular property owner has been supportive of these changes we have been in contact with him long ago when we started working on it and he's checked in um occasionally on it as well so I'll just add that to the record okay was he what was his issue then maybe he's not the property owner right he's a store owner he's a tenant oh I'm a sinister that right as as opposed to the property owner what he said is is the property owner wanted to redevelop this property and he chose to keep this tenant it would be permitted sure because now residential flex has that commercial component allowed okay well too bad he's not probably not listening anymore I hardly think he is but that's good to hear but if he wanted to buy the property it would probably have gone up considerably right you think we have no indication on whether he's interested in buying the property oh I know that that is in the plan I don't know I think he was more afraid of getting kicked out so it could be redeveloped yeah were there other questions on that commissioner lady uh no and I was wondering about the SoCal cemetery though and the Jewish community center they're all together yes they're on neighboring parcels okay and that's just a correction to bring all of the general plan and zoning together into a public facilities designation I have one more question commissioner shepard okay I want to I want to confirm something we talked about last time it is at the planning director's purview that any project that he thinks needs to come at a higher level of review or public review that is always his discretion correct and many of these kinds of projects that we have changed the level of review on I believe we're discussing the map amendments but yes there's a provision of the code that allows the planning director to increase the level of review for any particular project that they view may be controversial in the community thank you oh do we need a motion to adopt the proposed map amendments with chair Gordon I'm sorry I can make sure we want to can you say that again of course I apologize do we need a motion to adopt the proposed map amendments uh yes and I was just thinking if we're done with questions and um would we want to just incorporate the remainder sure okay one motion and then miss hanson we want to make sure we include everything the sequel adoption and all the rest so do we need to formulate this in a specific way you know I I've been kind of studying that along the way and perhaps I can read this out um I think it's fairly simple we're just going to refer to the previous amendments that the planning commission has made so adopt the whole thing inclusive of the previous amendments so it would read as such and this is basically following the recommended motion that was in the 824 staff report so the planning commission would be recommending that the board of supervisors a certify the california environmental quality act environmental impact report for the sustainability update based on the sequel findings of fact and statement of overriding considerations attached to the resolution be adopt the proposed amendments as previously modified by the planning commission um including amendments to the general plan and lcp the um san jacuz county code the general plan land use designation maps and zoning maps as well as the mitigation monitoring and reporting plan attached to the resolution see adopt the new county of san jacuz design guidelines and direct staff to submit amendments to the lcp and general plan and coastal implementing code amendments to the california coastal commission for certification so that would include the reference back to all the motions that the commission has made in the past couple of meetings um was that a motion so uh somebody could say so moved if they wanted to miss hanson do you have it in a way you could share to the screens everyone can just see it or do you have it okay i mean i'm happy to say some move but i think it'd be helpful go ahead and i'll second and i just i just want to make sure that yeah hang on one second and let me see there bear with me here i didn't have it up on the screen hang on this doesn't mean feel free to make the motion i was just wanting to make sure it was up but we didn't see it if you can see that so it begins here adopt the attached resolution recommending that the board of supervisors and then here is the language um the differences right here adopt the proposed amendments as um amended by the planning commission including the amendments of so it that would be inclusive of all the motions you've made can i ask a clarifying question before we before our motions made to make it a little easier i you know didn't vote for all the things and so i just want to make sure that i can vote yes to this without like negating other things that i voted on so i you know i'm not sure there's something to to adjust for that um yes you could do that and we'll we'll note the motions in the um staff report to the board of supervisor wonderful okay great thank you any other questions or comments um or someone that would like to make a motion and close this out well i thought that uh commissioner fialante did make the motion technically not yet no i didn't i was letting you do it mislead to me because i felt like we kind of i'm not voice meeting so oh you're okay i'll let you close this out here okay so moved as was read and i will second it wonderful we have a motion and a second and any discussion before we make our final vote on the sustainability plan update let's do that then uh mistreat can we please have a roll vote on this item yes all right commissioner dan yes commissioner fialante yes commissioner lasin b yes commissioner shepherd yeah and true gordon yes all right passes that is so that's it for that item so now that this is concluded i just i've said this before but i would like to really recognize stephanie you in particular and all of your staff daisy annie anise um everybody um it's been phenomenal um both putting this document together but then also the study sessions the community outreach um and then of course the work that we've been doing you know we've had complicated in the weeds questions and you guys have gotten back to to me i can speak personally um really quickly with um really clear excellent explanations and i just really want to appreciate um the work that you put into all of this and then also um the stuff that we're adding i understand that our work is now concluded but your work is not and that you you and the rest of your staff are going to be continuing with this project and so i want to make sure to acknowledge that that we know that and um appreciate that and all the effort you're going to be putting forth from here on in so thank you so much thank you commissioner and i'd like to echo that and i'd also like to appreciate the ctb staff for hanging in there with us and all the planning staff who've done a marvelous job thank you of course i was second back third back like specifically want to point out how amazed i am that the at the whole staff anyone we ask it's like immediate rapid fire answers you guys know the stuff so well and you've done such a good job interpreting it for us and getting us through this and explaining and and it was just really impressed and amazed at how how easy that part has been to uh to get through and so thank you i appreciate all the hard work that's gone into this sincerely for everyone involved thank you yeah i um i'll just say it's a group effort and we have an amazing team and thank you for recognizing them okay feels weird to say that that one's done remind the commission that i believe you wanted a quick review of the next the timeline for the yes thank you yes thank you actually not done it's going off to the board now so one for us yes yeah thank you um yes we are intending to go to the board on november 15th with a first reading and we are anticipating that we will have more than one first reading if they have changes they have two other meetings i'm hesitating a little to kind of define that you know they will hear it on december 6th and december 13th it'll be a little bit up to them on how they want to do it but the first or totally up to them the first meeting would be on november 5th uh 15th and um while i'm still speaking i wanted to say thank you to commissioners dan and vialante for all the very detailed work because you're right we have more to do but when you're so specific about it it really helps us with moving it forward and not having to figure out the best way to do things um i will say we'll we'll look out for some pitfalls if there's a problem with state law or um uh or an inconsistency that we find as we're trying to rectify ordinances we'll we'll uh note note those for for the board but otherwise thank you so much and thank you to the whole commission for for your support and staying and meetings and um and really sticking with it thank you yay so we'll we'll we'll be back in a week right yeah well let's uh we have the report on upcoming meetings to get there still so are we done with the sustainability plan any final comments from anyone anything we missed great then let's do let's go to planning uh we'll close that item and move on to the next schedule agenda item which is planning director's report do we have anything today um i i'm not seeing the the cdi director with us at the moment i don't know if stephanie you wanted to provide a report um just a report on one thing and no matt had to move on to two other things um i just wanted to we're going to do a little outreach to board members on this but i wanted to let the commissioners know that the board directed our co-compliance staff to um to start to do code enforcement on uh vacation rental um property owners who are um advertising and renting out vacation rentals without benefit of permits and so as directed by the board that effort started late last week we've had a lot of interest as one can imagine and those coming forth and saying oh wait i didn't know you know that kind of thing so bear with us while we um work to address the follow-up on that i'll be sending in an email out to the staff of the board members later this evening to to clarify some resources and and how to address any inquiries we realized for some people there may be some pain coming in the future as their rentals may run up against our maximums in the designated areas but we are um going to work diligently to to help those who are acting in good faith to get their permits and um and we'll starting up kind of a whole new program so i just wanted to let the commission know about that otherwise i think that's all i have today so good i commissioner shepherd read um are we meeting next week oh that's what we're on right now but thank you stephanie appreciate that good luck with that yeah thanks um yeah so item nine then report on upcoming meeting dates and agendas what do we have uh yes you're meeting next week um and we just mailed out the planning commission pockets today um and there are three items on the agenda a report back on the olive springs quarry a report back on the 375 old mount appeal and the sea cliff hotel project um so shouldn't hopefully be as long of a meeting as it was today um and then uh moving forward i think we only have one item so far sort of potential item for october 12th which is the the water presentation um so that's a that's a tentative and i think that's the only thing i have on the horizon at the moment for planning commission but i just asked you jaslin then did um the county attorney's office approve your findings for the old mount denial are we just to prove them or what what's going on um i think we should probably avoid discussion about item so it um what is that item is that was that an item heard in july where i was absent okay i'll talk to my alternate about being there again thanks are we can i ask are we hearing the appeal are we hearing the findings um i will um i will send out a quick um email to the planning commissioners this evening with an update okay it'll be on the agenda which is going to be posted tomorrow and the staff reports will be posted tomorrow on our planning department page and the water hearing on the 12th the topic is what it's a presentation um by our um environmental health staff um downstairs and i think matt machado the cdi director is going to participate in that in addition to i think some representatives from the water districts and um it's just a presentation on this you know the state of things um as far as i understand it as far as water goes yeah so i don't have i don't have the reservation forms i don't have really detailed information about that presentation yet and we're trying to put it on a agenda on an agenda that has other at least one other item um so that we can you know stock the items and so we're just waiting to see if we have any other agenda items to put with it and um i'll check in with matt and see if he wants to move forward anyways or if we should move it to the next meeting is is there any is that a study session or is it a public hearing or what is it it's a it's a presentation just a presentation for the planning commission to receive information as far as i understand it okay great thank you yeah looking forward to it okay um do we have an update or a county council's report today well i'm sorry to you have not said what i meant just one more thing so if it's a presentation is it open to the public that's what i really want to know because if he's doing a presentation on water then a lot of people would probably like to attend is it going to be noticed um it that's a good question if if i mean we always post the agenda in the newspaper um it won't be a mailed noticing because it's county wide um so that usually um requires a a newspaper posting so um i will check and see what kind of outreach will be included with that presentation i i agree rene i'm sure there will be quite a bit of interest from the public in in hearing that presentation so um thanks for that question i'll check in with um with the director and see what he'd like to do there that's why i was asking few probing questions because if it's going to get an idea of what what the subject is so that because there's a lot of people interested in water and i i you know just say what we're going to have a presentation i'd like to be able to ask you know there's a lot of people would like to know about it if it's going to be some kind of grand overview of something or another involving water it's just you could probably let us know next week that would be useful even if it's not going to happen on the 12th just you know what are the topics he's going to be talking about is it open to the public etc okay and i have nothing to report okay thank you appreciate that all right with that then i think we've gone through all of our agenda items and um we can close out today's playing commission hearing and in here so thank you everyone thank you 435 early to the chair that you're doing a great job too and i want to congratulate you and getting through all this and staying calm on the whole oh no i appreciate that i mean being here being here is difficult when everyone feels strongly about things and i think you did a great job thank you i appreciate that um you all make it easy on me so thank you


Putin demands more kamikaze drones against Ukraine. Russian President Vladimir Putin ordered Rostec to increase the production of cub and land-set drones. Manufacturers have promised me that they will increase the amount of production. They are fulfilling this promise. But more needs to be increased. He said at a meeting with the head of Rostec, Sergei Chemezov. Putin noted the high efficiency of these drones. The blow is powerful. Any equipment, including foreign-made equipment, not only burns, but ammunition also explodes. He noted at a meeting with Chemezov, Putin said that the state corporation needed to increase the production of the latest types of weapons in percentage terms. He explained that he was talking in particular about the T-90 pro-Riv tanks and aircraft systems. Cub and land-set are small size kamikaze drones. Rostec has said last year that Russia's kamikaze drones, cub and land-set are widely used in combat operations in Ukraine and have successfully demonstrated their properties in combat conditions. The drones are mainly used to hit distant ground targets. The cub UAV carries a three kilogram warhead. Its maximum flight duration is 30 minutes and speed 130 kilometers an hour. The land-set UAV is equipped with several types of guidance systems, coordinate, optoelectronic and combined. The drone has a television communication channel that transmits an image of the target which allows to get a confirmation the target has been hit. The complex is capable of destroying targets within a radius of up to 40 kilometers. Its maximum takeoff weight is 12 kilograms. Putin's order comes as drone warfare intensifies between Moscow and Kiev, with both sides using UAVs to strike the heartland of the other side, usually targeting vital infrastructure. Rostec enterprises produce 90 percent of the equipment that the armed forces use in Ukraine.


So, me and Leah are going to be talking about formal verification of Solidity contracts and a little bit of smart contracts in general. Some of the ways in which the language and the compiler can assist in doing this process and also talking about ACT, which is a language for specifying the behavior of smart contracts. And I'll try to keep this relatively brief, leaving a lot of room for discussion about what can be done to improve the workflow as it is right now. So, to begin, I'll just position this question of how to specify the behavior of Solidity functions in context, sort of opening up for the discussion. One way in which you can do this is to use asserts directly in the function source. And if you are not using annotations, but rather referring to the variables directly in the Solidity code, this is how that can look like for a transfer function. You would be asserting that the relevant variables are changing, expressed in pre and post conditions, and it looks something like this. But if you don't want to do it directly in the function source, an alternative would be to have like a wrapper function. And this relates again to the discussion we just had on conventions for testing frameworks, because this looks very similar to how you would write a test if you are writing your tests in Solidity at least. And, yeah, I think it's sort of straightforward what's going on here you do some caching of variables before you execute a certain function and then you compare those values according to some condition against the state that you get after executing a function. And then there is the alternative of specifying the behavior in a language in a different language altogether. And so here, this language is act which I'll be going a little deeper in during the next couple of minutes. So, I think this is a good example to just get a flavor of what the syntax can look like if you want to really highlight everything that's going on inside a transfer function so it should be noted that this function makes a little more of a precise claim on the previous two. In the previous two really only talking about the updates that happen to the balance of mapping. Whereas here, we're also saying under which precise conditions, these updates are happening we're saying that call value should be zero since this is a non payable function. And we're doing the doing the check that is done implicitly here by the safe map and we're also immediately forward to consider the edge case of what happens when you're transferring to yourself. So, in aspects who are forced to split up every claim that refers to mappings depending on whether you have a collision in those mappings or not. So, I'll get more into that in the next slide I think but let's just talk a little bit about the different approaches and sort of the pros and cons for them. So, for the first two obviously a big advantages that it's integrated and the developer doesn't need to learn an additional language however obscure you may find it, but can just work directly in solidity. So, if you're writing your properties of the function directly in the source. Things are also pretty transparent or auditable by people reading the implementation, because they'll see your claims about what the behavior is supposed to be. They can either test it for themselves with their own frameworks or they can just sort of get a better understanding maybe of what this function is supposed to do. If they prefer reading this this functional description over the sort of implementation but it's good. An advantage of the the latter two is having this wrapper spec for the specification in a language completely outside of solidity is that it's more agnostic to the particular implementation. If you were to change how the nature of transfer were implemented you could probably still reuse the same testing function. So, this spec, but if you want to change how the implementation. Does what it's doing according to the spec then you'll be forced to rearrange your spec to probably, or it will be forced to rearrange the claims that you're making inside the implementation. So, you can get a sort of here is now you're editing both what the contract is actually doing and the description of what it should do in the same in the same development process. And so another advantage of using a different language that is designed to design for the purpose of specifying smart contracts is that you have these. You can make decisions that are more aligned with how functions are described independent of how they are implemented. You don't really need to care much about what is the most gas efficient way to do something, but you just want to describe the results of whatever implementation you might have. And also, as I mentioned, there are certain features of the language that are designed to lean the developer into making sure that they really think about all of the edge cases that may exist in the implementation. And are forced to think about them exclusively. Also, when when one has an outside language that sort of exists beyond the scope of the EBM, one can talk about all of the variables involved as true integers, and not just EBM words that wrap around to the 256. And as you can see here on the last line of the final leaf block. We're able to express that the addition of value to balance of two should not overflow. And we can express that by explicitly giving the bound of two to the 256 even though that is essentially unexpressible. So if we are only allowed to use it twice addition. Yeah, some additional points there that I think are obvious. One big approach that I didn't mention here is of course if you do sort of saucy verify approach where we use annotations instead of using the source code directly. So, to summarize the, the essence of act. It is designed to be a human readable function, human readable specification language in which you can express function descriptions and contract invariance get to that later, which from which you can generate proof obligations to multiple back ends. So, there's a large number of formal verification tools that are emerging along there has been for a while that we're getting very good right now. And it's really curious to try these different tools up because they have certain strengths and weaknesses and are also operating in slightly different domains. And so act can be used to try these test tools against each other and compare the results, but also utilize the different tools that are targeting different domains. So, when you're working with these source level specifications or development tools. There's a risk of the compiler doing something that you're unaware of or behaving unexpectedly and this is sort of a blind spot for the formal verification process. But then on the other hand if you're doing by code verification. It takes a very long time and can be difficult to do stuff like contract requirements. So act is an attempt of modularizing the process of doing formal verification for smart contracts and being interoperable with these different back ends. Our first couple of plans for different back ends will be targeting is a cockback end for claims that are difficult to prove using SMT solvers and really require manual groups. SMT queries for doing contract invariance and certain checks that are easier to do in the SMT site. And for bytecode verification or to have a prototype of exporting proofs to KVM, and there's also an HVM back end networks, which will be faster in in many cases, but slightly less general. And so to go a little deeper into this point about the modularity of proving tools and verification setups. Here is a more in depth example where we are expressing a invariance in the constructor of the token. So this also touches on a point that I'll get to a little later, where here we have this sum construct which is just not native to to Solidity or even something that could generate any reasonable bytecode but it's very useful for formulating properties about what we expect our contracts to do. So yeah, here's, here's more of an example, and I guess one point that I'm trying to make here is that I think this language is pretty similar to how you may express the nature of what you want a token to do in a setting like you're writing an ERC. When I recently was writing an ERC for for permit. I wrote the description and the specification of how this new function and token extension is supposed to behave in a language that was very similar to this because I think that it really allows for people to make their own implementations and have freedom in how they decide to optimize their particular behavior, while still being completely unambiguous in terms of what the function should do. So, as a result of this it means that if you're writing an ERC in this language, but only will it be clear for people to read and implement but it can also be something that you need to use to test and formally verify that the ERC's are actually implemented in the correct way. Yes, so here's a little bit more about how it works. Is there a question or just a sign. I'll keep going on. So, I'm not going to go into too much detail here and just kind of say what I said before, but that the design decisions of actor made in such a way that you should be able to really think about all of the. There was actually a question. There was a question. Should I go to the Gator chat or like someone raise their hand here who was it. Just like it was me. So, what are the limitation of the language. Can I, for example, describe my property over a set of function, like something should hold after calling F1 and F2 or something like that. Yeah, so we are. So actually the syntax that you saw here of invariant is a special case of an invariant that holds over all functions, but there's also a syntax where you can do invariant of and then functions. So, so yeah, it's a good point. Thanks. Right, so. So here's I guess a more concrete way of expressing what I mean by doing this modular approach to verification. If we take a an example smart contracts. This is going to be a contract that I now only express in terms of accent text, but you can probably imagine the facility implementation, it should be fairly straightforward to see. So we have some sort of, we have three variables that it's dealing with X, Y, Z, and an invariant that we expect to hold from them. If we have two functions, which simply updates to our variables and mode by multiplying it with a scalar either multiplying X and Z using a function F or updating Y and Z using the function G, then this generates a cog theory which is beyond the scope and sort of agnostic about the blockchain setting that this smart contract is operating. And so it has sort of the essence of this contract. And it allows you to get all of the relevant definitions over which you can do the proof of safety that that you have expressed in the, in the accent text. So, all of the boilerplate that comes with generating the definition and the theorems here of the smart contract involved would be generated automatically, and you simply insert the proof. I skipped ahead a little bit. Let's see if there was something we missed. So, I guess I showed it now by example rather than explaining the details of what I meant to say I'm essentially saying that usually when you're doing a formal verification. This sort of end to end formal verification process where you have some smart contract business logic sometimes people refer to or high level specification, which you expect certain properties to hold up. You can make proofs on a high level, which aren't referring to any bytecode specific or blockchain specific parts. You can also perform the bytecode level proofs with the same specification. If you're using act. So, this refinement that the higher level properties that you're proving also hold of the lower level by code that you get from the compiler is more of a property that either holds, or doesn't help the back to cool well hopefully it holds if we do everything right. That you need to do for each project. Right, so here's just a little list of some motivating properties or motivating examples for why you may sometimes require something more complex than just SMT solvers for proving correctness of your smart contracts, simply because there are certain properties of smart contracts that that express the correctness of them that are too difficult for SMT solvers to do. And this is a good example, which you can actually prove using SMT theories, depending on which strategy you take to doing it, but I think doing something more complex would be out of scope for this. Okay, so, in conclusion, we need more time for questions than and discussion rather than presentation. In doing acts, and in writing specifications for smart contracts using act, you get this language improver agnosticism. So you can compare different provers but you can also compare different implementations same logic or different languages, the same smart contract so you can compare the byte code generated by first byte per se, versus the byte code generated by facility against each other. Actually just just as a note on that. This was the subject of a presentation that I did at last step on where we had similar to the previous slide a specification for in years to 20. And the, the talk was more of a hackathon where people were competing to make the most gas efficient year C20. And this is sort of a safe way to do these gas both competitions because now you know that not only can you have these crazy optimized versions that are supposed to do something. You can have some tests we didn't get to check it against but you can actually do formal verification against the bite code that is generated. Yeah, so it's a very, very good measure to have if you're really keen on making crazy optimizations. Yes, so this is act please come to the Gitter channel to discuss it if you're interested. So just to keep this sort of focused on on solidity. Here are just some pointers that will and asked really to to Salci and the developers of maybe something that was discussed already during the debug session I'm not sure I was unable to attend that unfortunately. So the ask is essentially this and it's related to bite code verification. Basically, the, this situation is that when you're doing bite code level proofs. Often you have a pretty performance heavy duty because you're symbol of executing. And there's a lot of things that can happen. And in order to scale this process. What one wants to do is to reuse proofs of subsets of bite code as lemmas and other cooks. So if you already know that a particular internal function can be summarized to do this, then you can reuse it whenever you get to that part of the bite code. So this is sort of tricky to do using solidity right now because it requires a lot of manual labor to extract the relevance relevant pieces of bite code. So this really helps and the source map really helps, but what would help even more is to have PC values directly from specifically internal functions and modifiers. I have a method of extracting it now which involves, you know, combining the AST and the source map but it's very unreliable. And I think direct support for this would be beneficial for other tools as well. Yeah, are there any other things that want to say, not really anything more than what I said here. Oh, well, maybe one thing. There's a variable location at that function heads and loops could also be valuable. Can you be a bit more specific on that so what also on the PC values, what exactly do you mean. So essentially, what I have been doing before is when doing a proof about an internal function is that you go to the PC value that represent the jump test with this function begins and usually if it is a stack based function you have the arguments in a nice and stack in reverse order to how they appear in the function declaration. And then you can do your proof like that it becomes more complicated if you have a function which involves memory and also, if the function comes from a different contract that has been imported somehow, or inherited from then getting the the location of how these functions relates to the bytecode. It's kind of true. It's like their business.  Why is there even a hang up button. It's raising his hand. So, you would like to finish up on that. So, you would like a mapping from probably a ST ID of all functions to the entry point as a bytecode offset. Yeah, okay. Cool. Thanks. Can you direct or sort of say who. Yes, just let us go ahead. Yeah, nice talk. So, could you describe when act start and stop typically like is it a DSL with just an output. So does it do like more stuff like checking if the variable, like acts variable or the same as contract variable and stuff like that. So, it is right now a generating from from the specification language adjacent output which were sort of intermediate representation which can be used for to plug into different packets. So it will be supporting some back ends internally without doing this. But there's also the option of. So to answer your question I think it's about whether the source code needs to be available for these groups to go through or not, or at least this seems to be part of the question. And the answer is for some back ends it will be necessary. For some back ends you will be required to do additional work if the source code is not present. So, a newly introduced feature, or new, but in a feature now of this with others that you can extract the location of storage variables, and then it's very, very nice to write specifications like this where you want to do by verification because you can simply refer to them by the name and if you have the source code you know what those storage locations are going to map over to in terms of EDM locations. So if you don't have the bike code, or if you don't have the source code of a contract when you still want to make this bike for local proof you would need to be more explicit about where these different locations. So if you don't have the source code, so just an output is going to work directly the storage location. Yes, there's a way to. Thanks.


Do you often face black screen, visual lag and app crashes on your PC while doing graphic intensive tasks? You might think this could be a problem with your graphics card hardware. Lucky for you, the error is simply due to graphics drivers being out of date and a simple software update can resolve this issue. How to update graphics driver To update your graphic driver or any other, you can follow any of the two steps. The quickest way to update any outdated drivers on your PC is certainly Advanced Driver Updater. You can download and install this software from below. It is compatible with almost all versions of Windows and is extremely easy to use. In the first scan it tells you how old your drivers are and which one of those need to be updated critically. Not only this, you can also schedule a scan using things software so that it can automatically scan your system without your intervention. This software also helps you to take back up of your drivers in case something goes wrong after new updates. Alternate method, updating your graphic driver manually.  You will find device manager on left hand side panel. Now click on display adapters. You will find graphics card attached to your system here. Right click on the graphic card listed here and click on update drive software. Now you can allow the wizard to search for the latest driver automatically or you can choose a location from where you want to update the driver such as from a CD-ROM. Once your system finds the correct driver click on update driver. After this you may see a pop up to restart your computer. A restart is strongly recommended so if you are having some important files open on your computer then save them first and click on restart. So, this is how you can enhance performance of your computer. Updating drivers is perfect way to get the best output from your current hardware.


Hello and welcome to today's presentation of our study on the prioritization of future work skills and companies and identification of suitable methods for their implementation. My name is Janina Gabriand, I'm a researcher at Stuttgart Media University in Germany and I did this study together with Jürgen Zeitz, he's a professor for digital marketing and digital business at Stuttgart Media University. First of all I would like to give you a brief overview on the background of the topic, which is basically our world of work 4.0, where technological, demographic and socio-economic innovations are leading to profound changes in work, both in terms of content and organization. So the demands on employee skills profiles are constantly changing and as the competencies evolve slower than the changes in the work environment and demands on the employee skills profiles, this inevitably results in a skills gap. For this we set up a study on future work skills. The study aims to identify and define future employee competencies that are critical to the success of managed workers in times of digital transformation and also to quantify those skills in terms of relevance, maturity and urgency of implementation in companies. We aim to find out where the greatest need for action in upskilling is and which skills should be made a priority. Further we aim to figure out which types of professional training are suitable for the implementation of future work skills in companies. Finally we wanted to formulate some approaches for closing or at least narrowing the competence gap. In order to set up a framework of future work skills we analyzed relevant literature in the form of mostly German and English language publications, for example studies from the European Commission, the US Institute for the Future and many more. This analysis revealed a broad field of possibly relevant competencies and as those were more than 120 we defined qualitative aspects for selection. The skills were selected by the aspects of being relevant across sectors and professions and thus inspirable to different areas of activity, of being applicable in a dynamic environment over longer periods of time and thus independent of the changing specific knowledge, of being as little imitable as possible through automation and artificial intelligence and thus making people a non-substitutable workforce and of enabling people to realize their full potential and take advantage of the opportunities of the new world of work and also to deal competently with its risks. Finally we got a selection of 21 future work skills for our study and based on their characteristics those skills were assigned to the categories of self-management skills, for example active learning or focus, social skills for example social intelligence, methodological skills which are for example computational thinking or complex problem solving and applied knowledge for example new media literacy or ICT literacy. For the quantification of the skills we surveyed their maturity level in companies and also their relevance for company success and goals each on a scale from 0 to 5 and from the values obtained we derived a prioritization with regard to the urgency of their implementation in companies. Together the data we did a standardized online survey with 127 experts from the HR and management field which means we had as many valid questionnaires and in the survey we also provided literature based definitions of each skill. The survey produced high quality data as shown by low values of measurement uncertainties. In order not to influence our participants we didn't inform them algo was to obtain the urgency of implementation so we developed a formula to calculate the urgency from the values obtained in terms of relevance and maturity. So the higher the relevance and the lower the maturity is the higher our value of urgency will be. Now let's take a look at the results of our study. In this graph you can see the evaluated skills sorted by the values obtained for the urgency of their implementation. In general the study shows that the future work skills are classified as relevant or even very relevant but have a rather mediocre level of maturity. Overall the relevance of all the skills is higher than their maturity level in companies and therefore there seems to be a need for competence development for all skills and the ranking of the skills clearly shows that the methodological skills adaptive and novel thinking and willingness to change and the self-management skill active learning have the highest level of urgency and therefore should be developed with priority. To dive a little deeper into the top three skills let's take a quick look at how they were defined in our study. The most urgent skill adaptive and novel thinking is defined as the ability to leave routines and old patterns of thinking and to combine knowledge and information in a new way to face new situations and problems. The second skill willingness to change is the ability to deal competently with change and the willingness to react openly and constructively to novelties. And active learning is defined as the ability to recognize one's own learning need to actively work on meeting them and to apply the appropriate learning forms and techniques. In the second part of our survey we aim to find out what types of training the experts consider useful for the implementation of future work skills in companies and the results show that workshops and blended learning offers are rated as the most suitable forms of training followed by e-learning. In contrast, pure presence events are considered less useful for teaching future work skills. Nevertheless, further development of the personal mindset and the creation of an agile working environment also seem to be necessary for the full development of the future work skills. We think that the results of the study can be used as a guide in the large and complex field of future-oriented competencies and this guide might help companies, training providers and employees to identify the essential competencies for the future and to keep them in focus. Thank you very much for your attention.


In this episode, I want to answer the question of when Microsoft released the SharePoint framework, but I don't just want to tackle the question of when it was initially released, let's look at some of the major milestones in the history of the SharePoint framework. Hey, I'm New Piazza. This episode is also available as a blog post on botanos.io and as a podcast on botanos.show. Check out the description below the video for links to these other resources. If this is your first time here, be sure to hit that big red subscribe button. Microsoft first introduced their plans for the SharePoint framework at their virtual event, the Future of SharePoint in May of 2016. All we really learned was the motivation and some high-level marketing with a pre-recorded demo creating a solution. It wasn't until a few weeks later when the first developer preview was released to developers that we could start playing with something. And after Microsoft shipped multiple developer preview release candidates throughout the remainder of 2016, in February of 2017, Microsoft released the first production version of the SharePoint framework to developers. This first version was only available in SharePoint Online and it included the most basic parts of the SharePoint framework. The V1 release included the core SharePoint framework runtime, the developer and build tool chain, and the ability to create client-side web parts. The first release also required developers to deploy their projects in two different parts. One part registered the SharePoint framework component with SharePoint by deploying an app package to the app catalog and make SharePoint Online aware of the fact that component was there. And then the other part that developers had to deploy were the files that were related to their component like the JavaScript bundle or CSS files. And at a minimum, this included three different files. We had the manifest file, that pointed to the other files that made up the component. So this was the file that was referenced by the files that we deployed to SharePoint and it's what SharePoint framework used to figure out what else do I need to load. The JavaScript bundle represented the SharePoint framework component or the client-side web part. And then the JavaScript file that localized all the strings in the default SharePoint framework language, which was US English. Now later in the summer of 2017, Microsoft quickly expanded the feature set to include something called extensions. And that was in version 1.3.1. SharePoint framework extensions were introduced to enable common SharePoint user experience customizations that previously were only available in classic sites, but now would be available in modern sites. And you can learn more about the different extensions from one of the other episodes in this series of what is the SharePoint framework and what can you build. There were two major milestones late in 2017 related to the SharePoint framework. The first of which didn't really involve an update to the SharePoint framework, rather it was an update to SharePoint Server 2016, because Microsoft added support for the SharePoint framework to SharePoint Server 2016. And this happened with the install in the deployment of feature pack two for SharePoint Server 2016. Now there's different versions of the SharePoint framework for a SharePoint online and SharePoint Server 2016. It's worth noting that the version that we have in SharePoint online and what's in SharePoint Server 2016, they're not the same nor will they ever be. And it's because of a couple different reasons. First of all, the on premise installations of SharePoint Server, they always trail behind SharePoint online due to the time it takes to test package and validate and even distribute the on premises versions of SharePoint compared to SharePoint online. The second reason is that some of the components in the SharePoint framework will only work in a modern experience. And this is the case with SharePoint framework extensions. SharePoint framework extensions only work in a modern experience. So the modern experience, that didn't get added to SharePoint Server on premises until SharePoint Server 2019. If you want to learn more about like the different options for SharePoint Server and on premises related to the SharePoint framework, check out a couple different videos that I've done on the definitive guides for working with SharePoint framework on SharePoint on premises. Now the other significant milestone late in 2017, that involved a simplified deployment for SharePoint framework solutions in SharePoint online. Prior to 1.4, the SharePoint framework version 1.4, as I said a minute ago, developers had to deploy two different sets of resources for new and updated solutions. One set went to SharePoint to register the new component. The other set went somewhere else, an external hosting location to serve up the components and the manifest in the bundles. But with the 1.4 release, Microsoft introduced a new property called include client-side assets. That was that was added to the SPFX solution manifest. And when this property was set to true, SharePoint framework build tool chain would be able to include component manifest and the bundles resulting in the SharePoint package file. Then upon deployment, these files are extracted from the package and deployed to the tenants Office 365 CDN configuration. This improvement reduced the deployment steps from two down to one and that developers no longer had to deploy stuff to some other location, really simplified things. Now in 2018, the SPFX 1.4.1 release introduced the ability to call Azure AD secured APIs from SharePoint framework solutions. Now this was this was introduced as kind of like a preview mode. This also included support for calling Microsoft Graph solutions. Again, this was released in preview, not in production or not in like a supported way just yet that came a little bit later. Now in Microsoft also released SharePoint Server 2019 in September of 2018. They also included support for the SharePoint framework 1.4.1. So now right out of the box, SharePoint Server on premises 2019 had support for SharePoint 2019. Then the next major milestone was in June of 2020. And that's when Microsoft added support for adding SharePoint framework solutions to Microsoft's app source and app sources. This allowed developers and ISVs to reach other organizations by easily installing your SPFX solutions in their Microsoft 365 tenants. Now those are all like the major milestones that we've seen related to the SharePoint framework. There's been lots of little milestones, but I wanted to cover like the main the really big main things here in this series. You got a question or comment? Let me know what you think by dropping a comment in the video below or tweeting me at Andrew Connell or at Voitanos. And if you liked this episode, man, I'd really appreciate if you'd share it with the rest of your friends. This episode is also available as a blog post on Voitanos.io.


Hi, YouTube family. I tried 10 concealers from the drugstore and this is what I found out. That's the title of our video today and I'm going to go through these so that you guys can know what I found that works on my aging dry skin and the ones that I found that I liked a lot, the ones that I found that I didn't like so much and we're going to get right into that. But first, if you're new to my channel, please subscribe by clicking the red button below and don't forget to hit the little bell icon. Actually that's for all of you guys so that you can be notified of any future videos that I'm having. And if you do like these kinds of videos where I try a lot of a certain product, actually the next one that I am going to be doing is probably blushes. So the foundations will come and all of those will eventually come. But I wanted to start off with concealers because this is where my problem comes in. I have my biggest concerns are right around my eyes with aging and those heavy wrinkles that I have gotten. And yes, I can say that they're wrinkles. I realize that my laugh lines, my expression lines are really deep and no, I've never had any procedures or anything done on them. So this is what I have to work with and so I need a concealer that performs on the dry skin that's under there but won't crease and get into the fine lines that are there. So I'm going to start with the ones that I didn't like and then we're going to work up to the ones that I really liked. The first one that I really just didn't care for was the Glamma Flush from Hard Candy. This is a really thin formula. I find that I need a little bit thicker formula because I do have very, very dark circles. And so I find that I need a little bit better formula for coverage. Now if all you need is a little bit of touch up or you will have a very oily face or you know, some people really do have, you know, this area really does do a lot of sweating in the summer or whatever. This might work for you. But for me, it just didn't perform. It didn't cover. I would say that's a hard pass for anybody. Also do have the new one from the Rimmel, the Stay Matte Collection. And this one is, I think it's not only on their website but I also think it's at Walmart. I haven't seen it anywhere else yet. This one was very drying without the coverage that I needed as well. Keep in mind again, I like a very full coverage. As a matter of fact, I even use a color corrector down there and I have to use that and I would test this. So I did color corrector on one side and then, you know, just the regular one without anything on the other side. And this one really, it was so drying and it did not cover and it was really not great for me. It did not perform well on me. And then the one that I really, this is probably the most drying product that I have tried in a very long time besides Tarte Shape Tape and that is the Catrice Liquid Camouflage. This one, like Toddy, this is her favorite drugstore concealer. I just found that I could not make this work on my aging eyes. It was so, so, so dry. I am not kidding. It was super dry. Now today on my eyes, I do have the Elf Camo Concealer. This one is actually in the color Medium Peach and I'm going to show it to you guys today. It was even too light for, you know, my skin almost. Now this one covers like no other. I didn't set it down with any powder and I have been finding lately and trying really hard to make those lines less noticeable and less dryness under my eyes. I've been using as little if no powder at all. This one works in really fast and what happens is once you put it on, you really need to work with it quickly or it's going to set down and you're going to just have the lines and you're going to be able to blur it out at all. This one I would say if you guys have ever tried not only the Tarte Shape Tape but also the Born This Way Full Cover Concealer, this is like a marriage of those two. So it's still very drying on that side and I just, even though I'm wearing it today, I can already look at it and I can already see that it's going to, by the end of the day, I'm going to look very, very dry with it. So that one for me was too drying even still. This is a new one from Revlon. This is their new Candid Concealer. This one I actually did like a lot. I didn't feel like it was terribly drying. It had really good coverage on it but this isn't a full coverage either. This is probably more along the lines of a medium coverage and it's buildable. I did like that about it as well. It's quite buildable. So I do like this one and I do like that it's buildable but I did have to set this one with a powder so it's a little bit more along the creamy side. So this one for me works really well because I need it to have a little bit more creaminess under there and not be so drying. So lasted a long time on my eyes. That's the nice thing about this one but the Elf one lasted a long time too. Now a lot of these are claiming that they have 12 hour wear or whatever. I don't know you guys. I have such a hard time with those claims that go anything over like six hours because on me after six hours I'm going to look in the mirror and I'm going to want to touch up. And so I don't I don't want to just say yes this is going to last you all day and this is going to be the one because everybody's so different. Not everybody has things that last. Not everything's that not everybody have things that don't last. So I guess it just depends on what your experience is in the past. This one is from Milani and I don't have the right color in this. This is actually a really good color when I am self tanning. This one is light vanilla. This one is really nice. This is probably one of my favorites out of all of them that I've tried. I really like how creamy this is. I like how well it goes on. I like the cover. I didn't I like how long it lasted. I liked everything about it. It didn't accentuate my fine lines any more than any other concealer that I've ever tried ever would. So this is one of my favorites out of the 10 that I tried. The makeup revolution. This is the conceal and define. They were trying to dupe Tarte Shape Tape. Fortunately they didn't. But I find that this one is still pretty drying compared to the Tarte Shape Tape. It's nothing as dry as that. But again, if you're an aging woman that has those concerns about there being your under eyes being too dry, I would say that this is probably one that is probably too dry for you. But as far as it's staying power, it's staying power was really good. Coverage is fantastic on it. It's like the Tarte Shape Tape. As I'm saying the Tarte Shape Tape over and again, because that's what so many people compare everything to and so many people have tried it. So I'm kind of, you know, making a comparison with that. You are going to find that in this specific video, I did not test the Maybelline Age Rewind. That concealer just doesn't work for me. And I know that that is the Holy Grail for so many people. And I wanted it to work in the past. I've tried for it to work in the past. It just has not. So that concealer is one that I just can't get on board with. So if you're wondering why that's not here, that's the reason. The next one that I tried was the Infallible Full Wear from L'Oreal. This one, again, I don't know why everybody's doing this huge Doe Foot applicator anymore. Do you guys know what's going on with that? These all had pretty huge Doe Foot applicators except for the two that I didn't like. And this one from Hard Candy was just a squeeze tube. But this one from L'Oreal, again, had the great coverage to it. What I did with this one is I put it on and then I just tapped it out a little bit, let it set for just like 30 seconds and then went back in and tapped it out again. And I didn't have to set this again. OK, this one, I'm still kind of on the fence about. I love the coverage of it. And I also like the way that it's set down without a powder. I like that a lot. But these ones that sit down without a powder, you are going to find that they are a little bit more on the dry side than on the moist side. That's good for summertime because in the summertime, when there is a lot of humidity outside and we do begin to get really warm, we do get that creasing. And that's the problem with looking for a very emollient one under there. I have liked this one. I'm going to just go out on a limb and tell you I have liked this one. But I know that this one is not going to be for everybody. So take that or leave it for what it's worth there. Now, what the two that I have last are my most hydrating ones. This one is the lasting finish from Rimmel, the breathable one. And I I love this one, you guys. I have had this one for quite a while. And I think this is my second tube of it. I really like the coverage on this one, you guys. But this one is so much more hydrating, you can feel the hydration in it. So this one is going to have to be set down 100 percent with a powder. Long lasting, I did like that. It does say that it's the 25 hour one. Do I feel like it's 25 hours? I never feel like anything's 24 hours. But you guys get the situation that I'm talking about. This one is much more creamy. It's much more on the side of it being going to be able to give you a lot of moisture on those under eyes without, you know, having that creepy look after you're done using it. And the same thing on the flower, light illusion concealer. This one I reach for a ton, but I probably reach for the Rimmel one more. I like this one because it's a little bit more brightening than all of the others. And I love that this one has a little bit more hydration to it, too. So let me tell you what my favorite thing to do is. I love mixing the Milani with the Rimmel. And it just seems to be a really good combination. So I don't necessarily wait. I like put a dot on each side and then a dot on each side with the other one. And I just find that that is really a beautiful look because you get a little bit of the hydration with a ton of the coverage from the Milani one, and it seems to last a long, long time. Some days I find that I need to powder it. Some days I find that I'm OK if I just, you know, let it sit down and then go ahead and blend it out after a minute. I always use my fingers to blend any of my concealers out. I never, ever use anything other than my fingers because I find that the warmth in my fingers really helps to meld it with my skin under my eyes, just kind of an FYI. I don't even know why I said that. Now, if you're going to pick a powder to go on top of anything like this, I would pick a really, really light weight powder for me. This powder right here, which is the flower satin powder in the big tub. This has been working really good to set my under eyes because it has just a tiny bit of the light reflecting properties to it without being shiny. And then I also make sure that I use a really, really light, fluffy brush. This was the one I just got from my haul from Ulta this time. And I really like setting my under eyes with that. So that's all of them, you guys. If you have any questions about any of them, let me know in the comment section below. Do you guys have any drugstore concealers that you absolutely love?  I mean, when I smile, my eyes have a ton of wrinkles under there. So that's what happens as we age. I just find that I try to work with it as best I can and just try to be happy with what I've got. I hope that you did enjoy the video. Please give it a thumbs up if you did. That is everything for today. I love you guys very much and I will see you guys all in my very next video. Take care of yourselves. Bye bye.


Hey, what's going on guys welcome to a new video so in this one I'm going to show you four quick and easy tips for analyzing your Facebook ads So as a beginner then it can be quite overwhelming coming into a new ad manager account seeing all these different numbers Not knowing what they mean and not really having a clue what to do So the idea of this video then is to show you the kind of things you need to be looking for What numbers to focus on and ultimately what kind of patterns the essentially you need to be looking for? For a couple of reasons really number one It's going to make sure that you don't switch off that ad set that potentially could go on to make you lots of money But then on the flip side of that to make sure you do switch off that ad set There's only going to drain your money now before jumping to point number one Then I just want to quickly mention as always in every single video I always give away a free one-to-one consultation call with me If that's something you think they might help you that you want a chance to win all you have to do is Simply like the video and leave a comment down below and if you commented on my previous video Just make sure you stay tuned to the end of this one where the winner will be announced And with that being said then let's jump straight into it with point number one So point number one then guys is spotting patterns and just to kind of illustrate what I mean by this We're going to jump into an ad manager account of mine And I'm just going to show you the kind of things you can be looking at To decipher then whether an ad set is going to be performed or not Going back to the original point I made in the intro to make sure that you don't switch off that ad set too early And to make sure you don't switch off that ad set too late. So it drains your bank account So what I've got here then is essentially every single ad set in this ad manager account They're all purchased ad sets, which is another point. I'm going to touch on later on in the video So we're comparing ad sets that I've got the same objective They're all interest tags in ad sets as well. So that way we're making fair comparisons And again, that's another point later in the video But what I want to show you then to illustrate this point We'll just refresh the table in fact just to make sure we've got all the latest data So what we're looking at here, then we're looking at the amount spent and we're going to be comparing this to the purchase Roast so the return on ad spend and we're looking for a correlation between the two to give us an idea then of Whether an ad set is then going to go on and be successful or not because that's one of the number one questions I get asked is that when how long should you run an ad set for how much should you spend how many days? So on and so on so this is a custom column. I've created myself. You can see it's called Roas comparison I've got the amount spent here and then on the far right. I've got the return on ad spend and the reason I've structured like this It's just so it's easy to compare the numbers if it was one column over here versus one column over here It just makes it a lot more difficult going back and forth. So again, we're going to cover that later on in the video So anyway, we're working from top to bottom. I've filtered it So the amount spent the maximum is at the top with the lowest at the bottom And we're just going to work our way through and just try and see at what point the the kind of light One point a kind of pattern presents itself So on average in this account the Roas was one point seven seven So that's kind of be kind of like our base standard to start from the top Then we can see where there are thereabouts 1.5 6 2.0 6 1.7 1.7 7 the exact same again It's pretty much there and there abouts which is pretty consistent with how I've seen things perform in the past with all My different ad manager accounts And we're just looking at to see basically where it starts to drop off And if there's a correlation between the ad spend and the purchase Roas So going for the down we've got a couple of kind of like really low ones here But then it jumps straight back up to be fairly consistent But then again, it drops down again So this is where kind of like the inconsistencies are starting to come in and this is kind of like at 1600 pounds and above it's fairly consistent But then once there's a big drop in the spend so you can see there 653 pounds You've got a pretty good Roas and again for that But then again spending the exact same amount almost it's almost 50% of that Roas So you can see this is where the inconsistencies are starting to come in which is something that we can learn from Carrying on then we can see that then again it jumps back up Which is again more more inconsistencies and then as we get a bit further down We can see that down here where we've spent 120 pounds This is actually the first time in which it drops below a 1.0 Roas And if we just carry on down to see if that stays consistent again, we've got a really low Roas there And then we've got a hundred pounds spend 1.13 and then it jumps back up Then it jumps back down then it jumps back up then it jumps back down So what this is telling me then is that until I've spent approximately What point is it come all consistent as until I've spent approximately over say 400 pounds Then the results are always gonna be inconsistent now the profitable Roas for this stores about 1.4 So if we just include that in when we're looking for the pattern to spark if that makes sense Then we're looking at what point it's consistently above that and we and it's approximately at this mark here Anything kind of under 120 pounds we can see then we kind of get lucky spending 70 pounds But that that could just pure that could be pure luck But on average below 120 pound spend is below a 1.0 Roas and therefore it's unprofitable So what that tells me then is that I have to spend approximately 120 pound on An ad set before Facebook status to optimize learn who my customers are and therefore give me the results That actually make an ad set profitable and in there guys then lies the key and the success to Facebook ads in that If you don't give your ad set enough of a chance to optimize get a push enough data through then You'll never give an ad set chance to make you money essentially now Obviously, this is gonna vary from audience to audience as some audiences are more competitive than others But for this specific audience then as we've just know as we've just highlighted That seems to be the sweet spot in that I have to spend approximately 120 pounds and above on an ad set for it to actually start to optimize and bring in Decent results for me and if you're watching this video then I want you to consider this against what your past Experiences are and think about it go into your ad manager account now pause the video go into your ad manager account Look at the ad sets you've been running Look at the ones that switched on look at the ones that switched off and all the ones that haven't performed then Look at how much you've spent on them before you've started to switch them off because it could be a Case in which like literally 50% of them if not more could be really good audiences It's just a case that you haven't let them run enough You haven't spent enough for Facebook to be able to optimize Efficiently actually start bringing you the sales and the row S that you want to see so that's point number one Then guys I spent quite a lot of time actually Trying to explain this that's because it's a really important point So if there's anything at all in there that I haven't covered that doesn't quite make sense to you Please please please make sure you leave a comment down below and I always get back to every single person So moving on to number two then this is the structure and organization of your Facebook ad account And this is more important than you can ever imagine because as point number one point number one's kind of like the key point But in order to do that correctly then you must do these following three points as well So number two then structure and organization this will help you with spotting power Spotting patterns, but those patterns have to be fair comparisons so you can't go and Compete a lookalike audience against an interest-tagged audience or you can't go and compete an Interest-tagged in audience against a re-tagged in ads because it's not a fair comparison So when it comes to spotting patterns then the patterns won't be Fair patterns if that makes sense because the numbers will always perform different So when you go out there and name your campaigns name your ad sets Then this is the structure I want you guys to follow so that when you do filter the ad sets And when you are looking at the names of the ad sets versus the numbers Then you're making fair comparisons because if you don't spot a pattern within a fair comparison Then the numbers are going to be skewed and it's going to give you a false Representation of whether you need to switch that ad set off or keep it running. Hopefully that makes sense But like I said any questions at all. Just make sure you leave a comment below So this is how I want you to name your ad sets then First of all, I want you to call it by the name of traffic because you have different levels You can have cold traffic, which is essentially when the audience you're tagged in It's their first encounter versus hot traffic, which is a re-tagged and add somebody who's seen your product before If they've seen you for the second third fourth time then obviously they're going to convert at a different rate So somebody who's seen it the first time so you can't make those comparisons against each other So this is why you need to call it what kind of traffic is it then is it cold traffic? Is it warm traffic? Is it hot traffic? Then I want you to call it by the actual product itself if you're advertising and loads of different products at a time Then you've got again You've got to make sure that you compare in the same product against the same product in two different audiences They don't want you to name it by the actual objective because again You can't compare a traffic campaign against the purchase campaign The numbers are just going to be they're not going to correlate whatsoever So it's going to give you a false reading and then finally what the actual audience is So is it lookalike is it interest-tagged in is it a re-tagged in ad is it? Everybody who's been to your site, but didn't make a purchase Is it everybody who's made a purchase and so on just so that when you are spotting the patterns Then you are comparing like for like ad sets moving on to point number three thing guys Which is breakdowns? So if you want to scale a particular ad set Or make it more profitable by spending more money on the brackets that are profitable Then this is essentially where the breakdowns tab comes into play many many many of you probably have already used it and seen it But there's still some beginners out there I feel like there's a lot of beginners that watch this channel that won't have seen it before and it's if you've Never seen it before then this is going to be a complete game changer for you So I just want to draw your attention over to the right where you can see the breakdown tab I just minimize this so this is how it will open up for you. In fact, I'll clear all the breakdowns So this is for select ad sets that have spent the majority of the money For me and what I'm going to do then is pretty much just find out where that money is coming from So I can then narrow it further down and just spend all of that ad spend all of that budget Sorry on the most profitable brackets So I want to go by delivery and then most commonly is the gender which is the first one Now this is not the greatest example in fact because the first three ad sets are female only However, if we have a look at the bottom one, we can see we've got male and female And if we just look at the two row horses, you can see that male is performed at 1.56 But then female is completely trumping that at 2.62 Now this is where the Facebook algorithm doesn't always work efficiently because you would think that it would be based on The row ass and whichever gender would be bringing you the best row ass That's the one it would put most of the money into but as you can see in this case Well, that just isn't the case so what I would do here then is actually think about either duplicating this into another campaign and Tags in female only with the same interests or I might experiment with just simply Removing male from this ad set and let it carry on running. I know the breakdown you can do then I'm not going to show you every single one because you guys can go out and have a play around I'll just show you kind of like the main two gender and then of course the other one is age range because This is one way you'll soon start to spot different patterns, especially depending on what niche you're in There's definitely going to be certain age ranges that are going to be forming better than others So just looking at the top then we can see that kind of like if you look at If we see where the best row ass is I've got one point five five one point three one point two two one point six So we can see that's kind of like the older generation anything above 34 age range is performing at a better row ass than one point two two So if I shut off those other two, that's going to increase the profitability of this ad set Moving down to the second one, then it's pretty much a Reverse I think if I'm just comparing the numbers correctly anything over 65 plus is one point four one, which is the Which is kind of like the row at lowest row ass But then we've got 35 to 44 which is obviously pretty good So what I would do here then is simply just cap this ad set at 64 to make sure that I'm not tagging people over 65 plus because as you can see for this particular audience They're performing at the worst row ass So that's as simple as it is, but it can trust me go out experiment have looking within your ad sets See where the data is coming from because it can make a huge difference to your profitability Moving on to the fourth and final point then guys is the numbers So you need to make sure you're looking at the right numbers Otherwise again, you're gonna get a false representation and if you're not only focusing on the correct numbers Then it's gonna be very overwhelming. You might be looking at one column thinking it's another one So a way to do this then is just customize your columns to make sure you only include these five And these are kind of like the main five and I'm gonna take you through one by one then of why I actually include every single one First of all though, I want to show you how I go about creating these So simply go across two columns customized columns and we'll X off all of these to start again So the first one I want you guys to add is the amount spent now The reason you need to add this is purely because of what I showed you earlier on in the video is that the amount spent Versus at what point your ads start to perform better is kind of like a key Correlation and pattern that you need to be focusing on because that's gonna be the key indicator Then of when you need to shut and add off or when or when you need to keep it running So amount spent we also want our CPM We also want our click-through rate make sure it's the link click-through rate as well We also want our cost per link click and then finally the very last one was our purchase row s Where are we purchase row s and we'll X off that as we only need it once So these are the main columns Then I want you guys to have on your screen and then these are the numbers I want you to look out for every single ad set when you're making those comparisons So here we are then goes back in kind of like the overview of this ad account You can see every single ad set here is listed And I've renamed the column then stop slash keep and this is going to be then the column that I use When I'm deciphering whether to keep an ad set running or whether I'm going to shut it off or not So I always filter by ad spend first so you can see the most at the top and least at the bottom And then this is essentially where the work begins. It can be a bit kind of tiresome and a bit I don't know what the word is Still don't know what the word is But just it's something you're just gonna have to do if you want to be successful with Facebook ads If you think that you can just keep putting out random ads and hoping for the best then unless you've got really deep pockets I don't think you're gonna get to where you want to be if you want to spend your money Conservatively and make sure that every pound or penny you spend goes Is useful and used properly then I truly believe this is gonna be the best way So start scrolling through the numbers slowly and just literally trying to take in as much as possible And just see what kind of spattern Spattons what kind of patterns start to present themselves so always keep in the back of your mind then you've got the largest amount spent at the top and We're just gonna start going through the numbers and one by one until we find a pattern Just to kind of illustrate them to you guys what kind of work. I'm trying to do when I'm looking at my Facebook ads So looking at the CPM's and they all seem fairly consistent ish you can see In fact, not really at all actually you've got kind of like around the five pound mark and then they tend to jump up I've got the click-through rate again that kind of tends to go up and down up and down CPC in fact that looks pretty consistent. So when you find one that's consistent, that's kind of like what you want to kind of like base your Overview of and then when that starts to change start looking at all the other numbers and then find That correlation in and between So we can see it's kind of like around the 70p mark a bit above Bang on pretty much bang on bit below. So you can see it's pretty consistent and then here it starts to actually drop down Which is interesting. So From that amount spent you can see we've had 1600 here when it drops down the actual cost per link click Actually gets a lot cheaper, which is interesting and this actually continues on as you can see We've got like a freak one here, which is quite expensive Again, that's kind of similar to a top, but you can see here actually carries on dropping down and actually gets pretty cheap So what that tells me then is that in the initial stages of an ad set Facebook is essentially just trying to drive the cheapest traffic As possible But once you start to spend a bit more then it's telling me that I can actually I'm actually started to compete With the other kind of like big spenders within an audience And that is when I'm actually tagged in the highest quality audience within the audience. I've selected if that makes sense So kind of a better way to explain it is that when I've got a small budget Facebook is showing my ad to a lower quality audience within the audience that I've selected But once I've started spending a bit more then Facebook starts to show my ad to a higher quality audience And even though the link clicks are costing more. That's probably because there's a higher competition They're actually converting at a better rate and that's actually when the majority of my purchase And revenue is actually coming from if that makes sense. So hopefully I've explained that well enough Hopefully I've given you some ideas or at least kind of like some guidance towards Analyzing your own Facebook ads. So from what I've just seen then my understanding is that once I start to spend a bit more money Facebook starts to show my ads to a higher quality audience and I need kind of like more Clarification or more Confirmation and that is true. So one thing that I would then now go on to compare that against is the CPM So the CPM is the cost per 1000 impressions and the higher CPM Then obviously the more competitive an audience is because there's more and more people competing for those impressions Therefore, it's going to drive the price up Facebook is a bidding platform. So if I Compare the CPMs now as we go down the list, then if my theory is correct then initially Where the spend is higher because it's a higher quality audience the CPM should be a lot higher Versus the lower spend ones where the audience and the quality is a lot lower Therefore, it's the cheapest CPM if that makes sense. So we'll just scroll through then I've got 569 1570 so you can see on average It's it's pretty much above 10 pounds on average Especially from this point upwards and then as we start to get below this point So again, it's always around this kind of mark So that's kind of like a sweet spot for this niche Then as we get below that then you can see it's pretty fairly consistently a lot cheaper so that kind of confirmed my suspicions in that once you spend Kind of around this sweet spot then you start Facebook start showing your ads to a high quality audience And therefore you start to get better results. So with that being said guys I think that pretty much wraps up the video. That's all four points covered Make sure you leave a comment down below and let me know what you think Hopefully you've you guys have found some value in this video If you have all I ask is that you leave a like on the video and if you want to be entered into the one-to-one draw Just make sure you leave a comment down below. So that being said guys. Thanks for win Thanks for watching and let's get to announcing the winner of the previous video. So here we are then guys I'm a previous video if you haven't seen it yet, please do go and make sure you check it out It's had lots of good feedback. So thank you very much to everybody who did like the video and leave a comment Um, so anyway, I'm just gonna take the URL at the top head over to our random comment picker get the YouTube comments And go ahead and click start and see who the winner of this free consultations gonna be on this video then So the winner of the previous video is that person there if that's you congratulations please reach out to me on Instagram and we can get that call arranged and Guys if you want to stop trying your luck And you feel like you're never gonna win one of these things and you just want to get straight down to business And book a call right away. You can actually do so Just make sure you check out the video links in the description below and that being said then guys Thanks again for tuning in. I hope you enjoyed the video and I'll see you in the next one