You do not need to apply a scientific method to know that having friends is extremely beneficial. Besides the developmental benefits, having friends opens the pathway for emotional support from making each other laugh to consoling each other through hard times. Emotional exchange is the foundation of the good friendship. However, there are some friendships where one person gives while the other person takes. Not surprisingly, bad friendships are quite common. A simple Google search using the term bad friends quickly generates 324 million results. From published articles to sporty t-shirts, the acknowledgement and commonality of bad friendships is obvious. While not condoning different kinds of friendships, here are some ways to recognize if you are in a toxic relationship, either the taker or giver, and how to change it. While searching the web, the three of the most common types of bad friends are The Unaware Sometimes people say or do things without thinking. Other times, people treat others badly because they grew up in a household that taught them misinformed ways. As a result, some people are unaware that they are bad friends, simply because they don't know any better.  The Unaware believes that they are being a good friend because they have taken the time to analyze your life for you. The Unaware will cross boundaries very often, even after you reinforce that you do not want them to cross certain boundaries. Unfortunately, the Unaware has a strong compulsion to inject themselves into every part of your life, believing that they have a better perspective of your life than you do. The Users The user has a strong tendency to gravitate toward people who are more than often willing to help them. In fact, most of the time, users will dominate conversations or will only contact you when it's convenient. The user has very little boundaries and is very in tune to certain people who, one, love to help, or two, have a hard time saying no. As a result, the user exploits their friend's loyalty and desire to be needed. The Fakers Fakers are the most toxic friends you can have, simply because the entire friendship is reliant on their personal gain. Fakers have a tendency of having an overly inflated ego with a fragile sense of self. As such, Fakers garner friendships with people who they deem less than themselves. For example, a Faker will defend someone who they deem to be less attractive than them to draw more attention from others. Fakers have no boundaries and will become defensive if you call them out on their malicious behavior. In the end, befriending a Faker is toxic and can result in negative emotional turmoil. Of the three types of bad friends mentioned, the unaware are the only people that you may want to consider keeping as friends. The users in Fakers, however, are emotionally toxic relationships that need to be severed. Severing a friendship can sometimes be arduous and similar to a breakup, severing a friendship requires one to be direct. If at all possible, try to meet face to face in a neutral location. Use this as an opportunity to set or reinforce your boundaries with an unaware friend so that you too can remain friends. For your friend who is either a user or a Faker, this is your opportunity to let them know that you no longer see them as a friend and that this is the last time you will be spending time together. You can tell them how you have been hurt by certain situations, but do not be surprised if the user or the Faker does not respond sympathetically or with remorse. Building a friendship is tough, but maintaining a friendship is far more difficult. Although being in a friendship puts you in a vulnerable position, sometimes being in these positions teaches more about life and about ourselves. However, if you are going to take the chance of being vulnerable with another person, please make sure that that person respects and reciprocates that vulnerability. Do you recognize yourself or somebody you know as one of these types? Let us know how you dealt with it in the comments below.


Hi, my name is Ben and I was an ESL teacher in South Korea for four years. I came back to the States in 2013 back to my home state in California and While I was overseas I Didn't have to have an ESL certificate. I actually was trained at my school. We use the audio lingual method for teaching English But when I came back I felt like I would just like to add some extra information and maybe a certificate to my teaching experience, so I Got online and I checked around at some different schools and I found the I triple T Program and so as I looked into it it seemed like it would be a really good program long story short I Took their course and found it to be very helpful even though I had taught for a number of years There were things in the course that I learned that were new it talked it taught the ESA teaching methodology which is like engage Steady and then activate which they explained very well, and I think it's a great method for teaching English I think it definitely adds a lot to the teaching ability and I would definitely recommend their course. I think it's something that's it's substantial It was well put together and it can also improve your techniques and even Look very good on your resume, so it can help you to find the kind of jobs or positions that you might be wanting Certain things that wouldn't be open if you didn't have a certificate so I would recommend taking the course and enjoying it and also Looking around for a great a country or culture that you would enjoy Teaching overseas can be an awesome experience. You learn a lot of things and you learn things about yourself And you just grow in many ways So I'd recommend looking into the different cultures and learning about that culture and also respecting the culture and the people there I think that's very important, but hopefully you'll get that opportunity to go find a country that you love and that you would enjoy teaching in and Definitely would recommend getting the training with I triple T before you go. It it would be helpful to have that training so Hope you have a good time learning and studying and also hope you have a good time with teaching overseas so happy travels and Take care blessings


If there was no protection for innovators there would be limited incentive for someone to take the risks and create the market for a new product. Apple is recently in the news for a new patent on a watch that has a removable digital camera. It's going to remain to be seen whether there's a market for this and whether they actually launch the product. Whoever comes up with it first and launches first is the company that's taking the biggest risk in this and that's where the usefulness of the patent comes in because the patent will provide a 20-year monopoly on products covered by the claims of the patent. We've all heard that expression. Certainly as patent attorneys sometimes the second mouse gets the cheese because the first one gets their their head snapped. The patent is a way to kind of offset that by providing protection for the first inventor so that if they take the risks and they invest in new technology be the first to bring something to market first to create something that there's some protection so that all the other competitors cannot jump in and enter the field.


So we hear the ID TechEx and who are you? I am Maciej Wołoszka and I am from INURU, a company with Berlin based. We are a manufacturer of printed OLEDs, which are printed on air using industrial print heads. So you do printed OLED? Yes. Industrial print heads? Yes. What does that mean? So it does mean that when you have screens, Samsung screens or LG screens, they are made by a very expensive equipment in the vacuum. They waste a lot of materials. The equipment costs billions, which are the last production line by LG cost billions of dollars. And we just use print heads, which are much, much cheaper in order. Can I print this in my HP printer? Not yet, but we can help you with this. Not yet? Yeah, but we just use print heads, which are used to print posters. Konika Minota. Yes, exactly. These kind of things, right? Exactly. Just pro printers. Yeah. So like industrial print heads, not the... What do you need? You put the OLED material in there or something? Yeah. You print one layer, dry it, another layer, dry it. Then you just make a top contact and then... It's just segmented, right? You can't do like a whole display that has what you call it active metrics or something. We are working on this. You can. Yeah. Is that... Just like matter of having nice substrate instead of, you know, just one pixel. This is just one pixel. Like from going from one pixel to a matrix, it's not so difficult, yeah? Nice. And hi. So who are you? Hi, I'm Alexandra and I'm working at HCB, Humboldt Central Berlin, an innovation lab called High Sprint. Can we open this up? I think we can open. Can we open? Sophie? You have the key? Yeah. Yeah. So we are doing printable photovoltaics. At the moment, hybrid perovskies are one of the materials which can be easily scaled and printed. In principle, what we are trying to do is to bring lab scale to larger scale by using inject printer. So these are... Can you grab one of these to show? For example? So this is printed photovoltaic? Yeah. So in principle, what we can do, we can print a solar cell using inject printer. And using different inks, we can also do different band gaps, which means that you can do pretty colors.  And that's going to be working like a solar cell. But it cannot be very high efficiency, right? So at the moment on a lab scale, small devices performing with the 23%, which is very similar to silicon. It's similar? It's very similar. To the best solar cells? Yes. This is even higher efficiency on a lab scale than the silicon. The problem is then when you scale it, at the moment we are working on it quite hard. And so far we have efficiency around 15%, but in general by the end of the year we're planning to do 10 by 10 and bring efficiency to also 15%. And using together this with silicon, we can do modules with the tandem devices. We can do what? We can do tandem devices with the silicon and perovskites combining their efficiency. So you need to put some perovskite in there? Yeah. Is that standard people use that in solar cells or not? Not yet. This is very new material. It's basically been discovered long time ago, but first time implementation in solar PV was done in 2009. And since then we went from 2% to 23%. And can you show, is this also the kind of stuff you're doing, these things here? Which ones? What's behind here? This high sprint logo? So this is just examples. I would say this is more interesting example. So what is that? So basically this is our logo printed in a different materials. You can see that these are different colors. These are not just pretty nice inks. These are actual material which can be used as absorber in solar cell. And we can print it in a logo. So you print a logo and it's actually a solar cell? Yeah, it can be a solar cell. At the moment it's printed on a glass, but it can be also printed on a conductive layer. Put metal contact and you can have a solar cell. But for example, this and this, it doesn't work, right? You need to have a kind of thread going through or? So you have to have like a metal contact on top. And at the moment these are just showcase printed samples. But we can do a real device. So how does a metal contact look like? It will be like a line? Yeah. It's not transparent. You can do semi-transparent. So for example, this company, they do this semi-transparent silver inks. And if you print it on top, you can also have semi-transparent solar cells. Like I did a video with them before. I think one of these, right, is just transparent. Yeah, we can put it on top of ourselves. So that's why you are, are you partners? What is the, how old is Innovation Lab? What is that? Yeah. So Hamholtz, Central Berlin, this is a research institute in Berlin. And this is a part of Hamholtz Association in Germany. This is a large organization which consists of different research facilities across the whole Germany. And Innovation Lab called Heismund is one lab which is collaboration between different industrial partners and also Hamholtz Association. So if you partner together, let's say. Yeah. So you have OLED display with the solar cell. Yeah. And with this substrate, what do you call it? Conductive. Conductive layer. Yeah. Can you hold it all in one package or what?  We can power, for example, we can print flexible solar cell. We can print flexible or in principle OLED. Yeah. And put them all in future on clothes or on top of your, some sort of design feature, you know, and have it self-powered. So how long have you been working on this? Our lab was quite young. So we started in 2018. And, but we have quite. But you're in a rush, right? Yeah. You want to get this out by 2020? What's happening? How far are we from your technology, for example, being a full display? I want an A4 page OLED display, 4K and unbreakable. And with a solar on the corners and a bezel. Okay. Honestly, it's difficult to say. We were working on this, but it's like maybe one, two years outside of these prototypes of matrixes. But OLEDs are ready for sale. Yeah. This is what we already sell. And if somebody wants to buy it, it's totally for sale. For sale. Yeah. But is this is mostly for promotional kind of products? Yeah. This is our first idea. Like we want to make OLEDs on there, which are a little bit worse than the OLEDs made by LG on screens. But they're pretty cheap because they're printed by, you know, equipment on hair quickly and cheaply. Cheap? But how much does it cost if I want to have a birthday card like this? You have to send us a quotation. Quotation. I need to make a big birthday party with a thousand invited guests, right? Yeah. Otherwise, you don't take small orders, or maybe you might. Yeah. Then please send us an email. I'm not that specific for it, so I cannot tell you. And how far are you from a... So official plan for this year is 10 by 10 MIDI module. 10 by 10. What does that mean? 10 by 10 is 10 centimeters by 10 centimeters. So... Like this, yeah. Like this? Mass production or just lab? Lab. Lab. But how do you get into mass production? For testing. So for mass production, we need to scale up, and then depending on what kind of end product you want, if you want to couple it with a silicon photovolta, then of course we need to go for sizes which are relatively similar to silicon wafers. But if you want to have a standalone perovskite solar cells, we have to go probably to larger than A4, which probably depends on many factors. And one of those would be scalable application or deposition of all the other layers, not perovskites. Because as soon as you figure how to print or slot die coat or yeah, deposit perovskite on a smaller area, you can do it also on a larger area. It's just a question of equipment to make other layers compatible enough with the perovskite. So are you saying that flexible solar panels might not be perovskite, might be something else? No. I'm not saying that. I'm saying that this is exactly what can happen, that we can have flexible perovskite solar cells. But what we need to do is to make other layers which are below and above perovskite and encapsulation on top of this solar cell compatible with our processing conditions. So we can now print on a foil and we are pretty much not limited by size of this foil as soon as it's not like meters. But to make conductive layers that will take another half a year of research to make inks and special processes to deposit those layers on top. And is there a chance that you might be leaving in this field? Or there's a lot of people working with solar, right? And printed all that, there's a lot of work to, I guess, big companies also working on it, right? But is there a chance that you will be the leaders in this? So far there are not that many companies. All of them are not even, or somewhat close to pilot lines. Some of them are located even here or at this exhibition hall. But there are basically five companies in the world who can do it. And we are one of them. Five is not many? Not that many. So what is a five? You want to say? No. No? So there's five? And is there a chance maybe Europe will be the leader in this stuff? So far there... Berlin will be the leader, and you, I mean... So far in Berlin, in Berlin area, the probability of this is very high. So do you need EU funding to speed up, get mass production happening, or you already have it? I don't know, how it works. But how do you get to, you know, because everybody needs solar and you want to print it out cheap, put in every building, it needs to work in the rain, is that a good idea or not? I mean, there's some concerns about the environmental factors, but I think if you kind of think about logic behind this calculation, it doesn't really prevent from using perovskites and such materials in PV, even with the rain and with quite drastic climate conditions. You can have a layer on top, right? Yeah, protection. You just use protection, maybe not for flexible, maybe you need to have a good foil. And it's still... We are talking about 10 years from first solar cells ever made in the world, you know? So 10 years, what? The first perovskite solar cells were made literally like 10 years ago. So we are not that far into industry and I think we have pretty good chance to actually be one of the first research facilities and maybe future industry of perovskites. So I would say they're not yet enough testing for their stability and we cannot promise some long time of the lifetime of the solar cells because we just have this research for literally 10 years. But it's very promising. It's cheaper than... It's very cheap. And then what's here now? It's very cheap. How much cheaper? So... Are you in order of magnitude cheaper? No. I would say it's hard to say on a large scale and also we are doing it in a lab. I mean, as soon as you scale up everything, it's going to get a little bit cheaper because it will depend on what you buy and stuff like this. But it's possible to make it cheap, it's possible to make it available, it's possible to make it pretty, it's possible to make it flexible and integrated into buildings and things like this. So there is a huge potential. It's not yet enough time to actually make this kick. But since 2009 we have 20% of efficiency more. So from like 3% to 23 is a huge step within 10 years. How much more can it get? It can get to 43. Theoretically it can go to 30% but not much because there are some physical limitations to it. But in principle, we can go even further when we can buy it with a silicon-fitable type. But if it's 10 times cheaper then it doesn't matter? It does matter when you can get 50% on yourself. It does matter? Yeah, it does matter because you have already installed and very developed technology for silicon and if you just implement a synth foil of perovskite solar cell on top and can double efficiency, that makes sense. You just double the efficiency on the existing technology? Yeah, if you just apply a synth foam of perovskite on top. For example, in the future that could happen. Is that like a no-brainer to do this? It is a very, very brainer. I mean it's like, of course it's a brainer but it's like, of course it has to happen. Yes, we have to do it. So you are thinking not just to replace... No. You want to enhance the existing... Yes, exactly. So the thing is that we are not competing with silicon in terms of conventional panels which are standing on the roof. We are looking at how to improve that. And in addition, we are looking for a new application, for example, semi-transparent solar cells where silicon cannot be used because it's not transparent, obviously. So using these, for example, colors and things we can do integrated photovoltaics into building design and window application, of course. Nice. Can it tint? Like, you know those airplanes? Do you make it darker and less dark? No, it's not like a liquid thing that can go in and out of the... I don't think that it's possible. That's fine. Maybe there are some... You can have a mechanical thing that opens and... Yeah, but I mean, you always have some sort of shields for the sunny day. Why not use this light to power solar cells? Nice. And how much cheaper are you compared to traditional OLED manufacturing? Hundreds of thousands. Hundreds of thousands. Because if this is going to mass production when we build a big machine, this is going to cost tens by OLED. This is like five orders of magnitude. Probably.  Like, is that a secret? No, it's not a secret. Few people like in the laboratory in my company. In the UK, so I don't know. So we have, for example, we have two main tools which we use for perovskites. And we have a couple of postdocs and a couple of PhDs on each. So in total, we have a team of certain people. And what if there's a huge order? What happens? So far, we don't sell anything. What if there is? What if people say, I want it like 2020 this much? Oh, in 2020, it's going to be very different. I mean, we are growing. It's like, it's a really crazy learning curve. I think by that time, we will be able to do that. But first of all, it also takes one minute to make this sample. You know? One minute? Yeah. This is like one minute print. So in principle, we are just limited by how much we can press the button and how much ink we can make. And this is, you use for this, for example, you probably use like microliters and we can make liters of solution. Are these recyclable? Yes. Totally? So where's all the different parts? It's mostly plastic. All the slides are so thin that you don't have to worry about them and it's mostly polymers or recyclable things. Automatically, no issues? Yeah, exactly. And there's no toxic heavy metals or whatever inside. And yours? Is recyclable? So in our case, as I said, it's just a very new field. So there's not that much research into this. But there are a couple of publications on, let's say, research state where people try to recycle even the materials which are used. And in principle, they were saying that you can recycle substrate, which is main cost of the solar cell, for example, because we use quite expensive substrates. And then what you can do is you can recycle materials because they're basically soluble in different solvents and then you can split them and use them again. So there is a potential for recycling. And of course, you would not just throw them away. Is it dangerous materials? You need to wear masks in the lab?  This particular sample is quite air sensitive. That's why we work in glove boxes in fully nitrogen atmosphere. Like this right here? Yeah, exactly. Like you have to be behind the thing? Yeah. Is that an issue or not? No, this is not an issue. Is this standard for? This is very standard.  That's it. And all the solar cells that are there now are not more or less safe than standard solar cells, right? How is it here? I mean, okay. So the perovskite consists also of small quantities of lead. But the amount of lead and perovskite model will be the same as in the silicon model due to soldering. So also there are calculations about amount of lead which can go into soil in case of tornado. You know, if all the models are broken on the field with a thousand of models and you break them, there are not going to be any impact on the nature. So it is very small. So this layer is basically 300 nanometers thick. And this doesn't make a lot of material. So if you scratch all of it, you will not even see it. You know, it's like basically a small particle. And it's yours. You can print. You can breathe the air around the printers. No issue. Yes, it's like a normal printing house. Like we just use organic solvents, of course, but they're safe. We check this. I work every day with them. And a lot of them are used also in putty industry. So it means like they're really safe and not toxic for humans. Nice. So what do you think about the show? Are these tickets? Very nice. Yeah, a lot of people with a different... Everyone is printing. Really cool. And it's right next to your office, right? Yeah, almost. Almost? Yeah, it's like 20 minutes from the biggest research region in Berlin called Adlershof, where all the day research facilities are. Is this like the Silicon Valley of Europe? Yes, it is. In Berlin, yeah. In Berlin. It's like cool. Yeah, that's a cool stuff. We have a simple job. Cool, all right. Thanks a lot. Thank you. Yeah, thank you. Thanks a lot.


While with the Brainer JC's annual ice fishing extravaganza less than a week away, crews were out on the ice today to check the thickness and give the okay for the tournament next weekend. The Crowland County Sheriff's Office measured the ice and issued the permit for the JC's to host their annual fishing tournament on Hole in the Day Bay on Gull Lake. Measurements were taken at multiple locations in the bay, with 16 inches being the highest recorded. The ice is expected to get even thicker before the tournament, of course. That's because of the cold weather forecast for this weekend. Center ice and moving in, we've got 16 or more inches all the way in, so we're comfortable with the forecast of continued below zero temps. In the night, we know we're going to be making ice, so we're confident in saying hopefully we'll have a great fishing contest this week. We're ready to go. The JC's $150,000 ice fishing extravaganza will take place next Saturday, January 26th, and it's considered the largest charitable ice fishing contest in the world. If you enjoyed this segment of Lakeland News, please consider making a tax-deductible contribution to Lakeland PBS.


Co-FE204 nanoparticles were prepared by the co-precipitation method and then surface modified with capsaicin, capsicum-annuum SSP, for antimicrobial and photocatalytic activities. The virgin Co-FE204NPs and capsaicin-coated Co-FE204NPs, CPCFNPs, were characterized by XRD, FDIR, SEM, and TEM. The antimicrobial potential and photocatalytic degradation efficiencies of the prepared samples via FUXIN BASIC, FB, were investigated. The results revealed that Co-FE204NPs have spherical shapes and their diameter varied from 18.0 to 30.0 nanometers with an average particle size of 25.0 nanometers. Antimicrobial activity was tested on gram-positive staphylococcus aureus ATCC 52923 and gram-negative ischicoli ATCC 52922 strains. The zone of inhibition, ZOI, and minimum inhibitory.


Good evening and welcome to ongoing election coverage from town meeting television today We're welcoming uncontested candidates in Burlington school commissioner election For this round of elections the north southeast and west districts all unopposed will be on the ballot Today, I'll be joined by Kathleen all well Who's the curriculum and personnel committee co-chair and Jean waltz the diversity equity inclusion committee co-chair? Also on the ballot will be Jeffrey wick and Kendra sewers who are not able to join us this evening and this will You'll be voting for four of the 12th person Burlington school commissioner seat So this is one of the many forms that we're bringing you in advance of local elections and town meeting television And of course town meeting will take place on that first Tuesday in March March 2nd 2021 town meeting days that time over monitors go to the polls and weigh in on local government representation Municipal budgets school budgets local ballot items and all the candidates that will be on ballots have been invited to participate in town meeting television selection of forums We're seeking to introduce you tonight to some of the key issues and the candidates and their thoughts and ideas So you can go to those polls informed. You can also participate tonight By calling in at 8 0 2 8 6 2 3 9 6 6 again That's 8 0 2 8 6 2 3 9 6 6 We welcome Your calls if you're watching this on the 19th of February at 5 30 or about there Please note that when you do ask a question, we'll frame it to all candidates. Everybody will have an opportunity to answer Since we're not in direct Competition so to speak tonight. We'll give candidates a couple minutes to answer each question and rotate through a number of pre-selected questions for folks and everybody will open to with a one-minute opening statement So again, we welcome you to town meeting day forums Hope you've made your plans to vote and tonight we'll dive in and welcome our two candidates for border linkedin school commission seats Kathy all will welcome gene waltz. Welcome So we'll start off with you with an opening statement to tell us a little bit about while you're running and the Experience has been on the board so far And what would you like to do if you're reelected? Okay Oh, hello, my name is Kathy all well And I'm the east district candidate representing wards one and eight I live in ward one and I've been on the board for four and a half years I've been on the curriculum committee and personnel committee as I co-chair those both and I I've also been On the board back in the 90s for three or four years I am Besides being on the curriculum and personnel committee I also often go to the diversity equity inclusion committee And I've also been working on the weighted study coalition, which is the weighted which is comes under the finance committee So I'm running for a third term As I am very interested in the path our new superintendent along with the community Will take the district and from what I have seen so far. I am very encouraged so those I I'm looking forward to Joining with the community and deciding in the next half year or so where they want and The administration want to take The school district. I find that a very Exciting thing to do with the community. And so that's why I've We up for another two years Thank you, Kathy. Oh well, jean waltz. We'll go to you next Hi, my name is jean waltz. I also go by jeannie. No preference um, I represent the central district which are wards two and three, uh, which would be The integrated arts academy and the sustainability academy And I've actually lived in both ward two and three um for 30 years now and um, I've worked in uh, a lot of the different schools my first my first jobs in The late 80s was working at burlington high school in the diversified occupations program So I've been involved with um the schools for about but I I teach at a private non-profit school called rock point um, and I've been there for 21 years. I also do, uh, this thing called the ramble, which is the celebration of creativity and community of the old north end and unfortunately With the pandemic we've been on a hiatus But um, yeah, I've been coordinating that um for a couple years and also, you know But I've been involved with it since 2004. Um, I uh, this will be my third time on the ballot. I actually first got elected through special elections. Um When somebody left early and uh, so this is like my 2.5 year And I am re upping Mostly because I feel like I just am getting my feet wet There is a tremendous learning curve that goes along with um Learning everything.  Uh, it's you know, there's a lot of different Layers of Understanding how you can implement change so and also understanding what needs to be changed I as Kathy Mentioned I've been a part of the diversity equity and inclusion committee. I've only been co-chairing that I think since last April and also like Kathy uh joined the The weighted pupil study coalition and that's been that's basically like having another committee, but it meets weekly And yeah, that's probably about a minute long. Don't worry Take up too much time. Thank you Great. So extensive community involvement on both cases outside of your participation on the school board as well impressive Can you tell us a little bit about the school budget? Do you support the budget as it's presented on the ballot and Kathy? We'll start with you this time Yes, I do. I totally support it. We We've worked both the school the administration the staff and the board In going from what was in the beginning sometime in january. It was sitting at 13 percent increase in school budget Due to the funding that we were not getting And that we had to make up and We culled it down to at the moment. It said 6.88 percent. So I feel like we have done everything imaginable to pull it down as far as we could We have gotten word that most likely What the taxpayers will see on the on the ballot will be even less than 6.88 percent because there should be more money coming from the state But we are not sure how much so what it is on the ballot is 688 But what people will see in their bills will probably be less so and I feel like we have done it without touching children as not Having to cut staff. We've cut Empty positions that haven't been filled or couldn't be filled, but we have not Staff at all in this budget Thank you. Kathy and gene. How about you? Do you support the school budget as presented? I do very much and um, so Kathy talked about more or less the deductions or the conservative part of the budget. So that's a perfect opportunity for me to talk about the additions and one being something that the diversity equity and inclusion committee worked really hard to bring awareness around and to drum up support and Hopefully we'll have a policy in place this summer around The multilingual liaisons being a year round position You know, I don't want to go too much into it, but basically This this these folks work around Work year round, but they weren't compensated for that and obviously that felt just not morally I mean more than morally incorrect, but also um, we need the them to be available Especially during the summer when all of this planning is taking place. There's no way to Have all of those things happen in preparation for kids It's starting school in the fall without their their expertise their skills and And they're just such a huge part of the the educational community it seemed Basically what the committee wants to do is essentially solidify their rule and strengthen it and create more stability and more Predictability for them as employees but also for the educational community And then the other thing is supporting the superintendent Implement not implemented, but crafting or organizing a strategic plan and I Like Kathy have really Appreciated our new superintendents Everything I want him to stay I want for us to as board but also as a community to support his work and his vision and um, those that funding is gonna is going to do that and it's I think it's really important for us to sustain leadership I mean especially after Some of the snake. I'm sure you know, we're going to get into it at some point, but yeah, this is really important for us to Talk about retention Right. So a great reminder as to voters to Educate themselves both on the candidates on the ballot, but also the budget um as a whole Something we've all said quite a bit this year is unprecedented. I imagine the education world's Been no different in that regard. Can you talk a little bit about uh, pandemic learning? What impacts have has the pandemic had on learning and the students for students in the burlington school district? And what would you and your role in the school board due to address those impacts? Hopefully not too much longer, but What do you think needs to be done there and gene? We'll start with you first this time Well, of course we have so much hope in Going back to in-person learning at downtown bhs downtown former macy's um I want to acknowledge how heartbreaking it's been for parents and and how negatively affected some of our students are um For those that weren't involved in the sports program in the fall uh, it was pretty hard to get them to have that Outlet during the day that kind of Not just fostered a sense of community, but like, you know, got them out of their own head And out of their pajamas um, so yeah, there's there's I mean what how things are affecting kids Of course, it's a concern. Of course, we're doing what we can and of course what we can do is really limited so um Just moving forward with whatever we can obviously the board is supporting any kind of recommendations that come down from the cabinet or the leadership folks, uh There's been no hesitation to support any kind of Change or implementation that is going to um You know further their experience like for example Looking looking at edmonds to to have the high school kids there on wednesdays. Um Oh, is that answer is there was there a second part to that question? Oh, I think you got out of it Maybe we'll give Kathy a shot as well and see if we tie those together Kathy education in in in these pandemic times Well, I think The pandemic has certainly made it very hard Being online and having kids on screens for all day is not exactly A wonderful thing especially for real young children But they've been doing it and many of them have been in school for most of those Four days and one day at home for the high school kids It was they were really on the screen all day long and That was very isolating. I think it was also for them, you know We are seeing psychological effects the kids From this pandemic and from how school has been and I think those are things that we probably will have to deal with as we get back into in-person school because schools are kind of the center of the community it is Where kids who don't have enough to eat get food three meals a day and a snack it is where they See a dentist often or go to a dental clinic. It is where they where they See the nurse who works with them. There are the social workers and the psychologists there and so Not being in person is really a problem and also only being there Four days a week and then at different times is also problematic. They're getting less Probably then they time in the classroom than they usually would have so I can imagine academically, we will also have you know Makeup for or or at least supports that need to be put in place for for the kids after that but You know, hopefully the funding that comes down from the federal government because of covet We will have the funds maybe to do some of those supports both psychological and academic for our kids Great. Thank you both. Does that feel like we covered that topic that feels good to me One little thing I should add at some point. Um, well, I think it's beginning The state is requiring districts to come up with a recovery plan Believe that these are the things that Are going to be addressed Great, so something I look forward to for folks too Junior mentioned, um Macy's and um, there's a nice sign. I think hanging right now saying future home of Of an education center. So can you talk a little bit about the school construction and bonds? Should we build a new high school or rehabilitate the old and what's being done to investigate the safety of the other aging facilities? And buildings in the school district Do you want me to talk about Macy's or you want me to talk about the old? I was just referencing I was referencing that generally, but yeah, no go to the bonds And you go to the both if you like The question specifically the bonds, but please feel free to touch on both I think folks would be interested in both. Yeah, I definitely can't speak to the bonds. I'm not I am not the numbers gal um, I although I want to thank the voters for for supporting them but uh The what's going on On north avenue is still pending There's there's no way to To really move. I mean things are moving forward in the way that of course everything that goes along with making sure that The land the buildings whatever What parts of them are viable or not viable? eventually what Is going to be have to be remediated at what level at what cost all of that has to come in I think before It's almost it it is not Um a good use of our time to think about what this Right, we have to wait until we have that concrete information to move forward with Re-envisioning redesigning rebuilding whatever that is Kathy you want to pick up that thread? Sure, and just just very quickly while Kathy's answering our mind folks You can call in<PHONE_NUMBER> this we've got a question. Okay to you Kathy Well, I mean I think that's true. I feel the same way we have to know What's there and how much it's going to cost to to get rid of all the PCBs on that campus? and And then we can see whether it's worth it to go ahead and remodel or rebuild build and remodel the former plan or if we have to Totally build new that we can't say right now But as far as our our older buildings We passed and and this I'm It's my age is showing but I think it was I think it's three million a year, but I can't swear to that this is awful a bond to redo all of our old structures because we've known that and so we have been doing that and I know for a fact that if we're looking at PCBs and what How much of them are in a building if that's what the question is about We haven't tested them, but we have re we have taken out windows in most Of our buildings, which is the clock around the windows is where and Put in new build a new windows in a lot of our buildings how many exactly I'm not sure but I know There are many of our buildings that have gotten new windows new facades new Flooring and I know that back in the 90s We took out every single light fixture in all of our buildings and replaced them with The ones that and now I know there are PCBs back then it wasn't clear it was that I think Burlington Electric was asking us to switch them out because They used so much more electricity than the new incandescent bulbs did so they took out and with that came out those ballast Which were full of PCBs. So we know those are gone. So yes, there's more to do And you know at some point five years ago, I think um Champlain was tested and was found to be safe. So I you know, but that was some big federal thing where they were coming in and in each school district just looking at one school so Hopefully we can look at air testing Our other buildings as time goes on but that too is very expensive but And if we're doing all this remodeling and the taxpayers have supported that thank god There will be less PCBs in those buildings Aging infrastructure challenges So we've got about 10 minutes left a couple questions. I'd love to make sure we touch on The racial justice question and also the question about school safety and resource officer Um, Kathy, let's start first with this with the school safety issue. Do you support school resource resource officers? and why are we not I do not Support them. I I mean I support them as far as the people that we have had have been fine. It's not bad It's that I've worked for years now with youth in this city I started the new north end youth center in the miller center and I and have also Started an after-school program at hunt and the big middle school summer program between hunt and when I mean between for all brollington middle schoolers and when new ski kids I I find that we need to have a very good working relationship With police, but I don't believe that police need to come into youth facilities or schools with with bulletproof vests and and Revolvers these are children and they I I know that across the country and all the school shootings that it's never been That the school resource officer has been the one that has Saved anyone or whatever and not that I'm not belittling that they're usually not there where The person enters the building or whatever. It's not that I'm Dissing what they do. I just feel like we're as safe if we put on put Good locks on the doors and put video cameras out front so we know who's coming into the building And they can't come in without being let in I just Feel like guns don't have any place and I know we work with many kids that have come out of War zones They they have much trauma And I know That the uniform and The guns Both are things that terrified them So I I would have no problem with resource officers If they were not in the uniform and did not carry a gun openly. All right. I don't think they need to carry them at all in the school, but Jean can you pick up that thread first on school resource officer? yeah, I Think well first of all, there's there was a task force or a safety task force formed with community members and they spent gosh months together meeting and researching and Came up with recommendations for the district about the student resource officer program And we're going to hear about that soon. It's been the final report was just made The district is obviously looking it over then it's going to be presented to the board and hopefully we're going to see what they find but I personally and Well, first of all, I just want to say I really respect hearing from experts Of course, I have my personal opinion Um, but I do need to put a little bit of that on the shelf to hear about what does safety look like In in the district and you know, I'm I I don't know what that means, right? So but I personally Want for the district to invest more in restorative practices and community justice and anything and and like non punitive Systems I am yeah, I just if there was a way to Take shame out of educating students in any way shape or form. I'm for it and I totally understand Feeling uncomfortable around police officers even though I've worked closely with police officers as part of like getting permits and stuff for the ramble I but you know overall Sorry, they need to do some community building before they've got my My uh, you know not feeling self-conscious around them feelings Maybe not unrelated. Jean, you mentioned your participation on the The equity and justice committee and it sounds like Kathy You're almost a de facto member of that committee attending a lot of the meetings Can you talk about the work being done around racial justice? Where do you see the opportunities for Addressing racial justice in the school system and how do you see the board? In your participation Being part of meeting that challenge and do you support the raising of black Lives matter flag at the Burlington school campus It's a couple components to that Kathy you want to go first? Okay Yeah I mean the things that basically the committee is working on Developing policies, especially one around antiracism and addressing systemic racism in the district um we're working closely with the office of equity and Doing whatever we can to support their mission Which is brand new not necessarily brand new but has been revised is now on the The district website mostly some of the Details we're working on our strategies around uh hiring and retention of BIPOC Especially classroom teachers is kind of a focus um, but But of course everybody I mean every staff position um Yeah, I mean it's it's a very involved obviously there's everything overlaps So when I talk about hiring and retention I also talk about you know what we're thinking of is The classroom teaching staff should be a reflection of our student body Which also feeds into having a Having the kind of environment that is supportive to students right having that also feeds into We want to support student voice which feeds into we want students to be a part of this Hiring process right So there's a lot of little details with the overarching goal The main things are about are about Somehow um Many different facets of creating an anti-racist environment where students Feel heard supported and are an integral part of the process And just quickly jean before we bounce over to kathy. What about the racing of the black lives matter flag? hundred percent in support there's you know and unfortunately, we need that reminder that um There they're unconstitutional things happening every day to people of color and The flag is there right the american flag is there and that's supposed to remind us about our democracy Well right out there is a reminder of all the other The the democracy failing essentially so yes, of course we're in the the the board unanimously is in support and And but it wasn't just this symbolic thing it really there was curriculum and Programmatic things that happen at every single school around the raising of the flag and Yeah, I really want to thank the office of equity for implementing that it was Genius stuff happened if you ask me Kathy, let's go to you racial justice in the role of the board in ensuring equality in the berlin school district That's well, you know much as what um genius said but also I I very much think that we as a district but we as a community really have a whole lot of work to do still and I think it it happens best probably in small groups that are manageable that people are Discussing with one another These topics it's something our history is such that this this country was grounded On the backs of our slaves I mean we would not be the wealthy country where we're we are today Had we not had slaves and had we not Had also the work of the indigenous people of this country in the beginning and until we as a country acknowledge that and really Teach it in in schools Not the whitewashed history, but the real history of this country and what has gone on Will we ever be able to live together? Equally and I you know and it's it's a lot of work having grown up as well I told you in the Jim Crow South in the 50s and moving then from there to Germany as a 22 year old In the 70s They're both countries have a very heavy Background on what they did to people during different regimes And I think we all need to recognize that do reparation for that and apologize for what we've done so Yes, in the schools we have much work to do but that Will never be done or finished until we as a community Burlington Takes this by the horns and really works on it. So I you know, that's great That's that sounds like a wonderful Statement for probably a number of issues and we could spend all evening I know diving further into all the great work going on by the school board Want to thank you both for joining us tonight want to thank folks at home For joining us and Kevin in our studio for doing such a great job on the production side of things As a reminder, this is town meeting tv and you can watch this live In a number of different places and spaces Comcast channel 1087 Burlington telecom channel 17 and 217 as well as town meeting tv's youtube page Kathy and gene. Thank you very much. I think the voters will probably feel Very confident going to the polls knowing who they're voting for and what they're voting for on march the second Hope everybody makes a good voting plan gets ready to vote contact your clerk. Be sure you have a plan Thanks so much for joining us tonight. Kathy and gene. Thank you. That was nice to me. Nice to meet you


Before I get started, let me just point out a few people. I have one of my offspring here with me, so Stefan, if you just want to wave. And then I brought a big gun because I'm starting my journey with AWS, but a friend of mine, Craig, he works for Amazon, so any question I cannot answer, I'm sure he will be able to do that. And that's the rest of the family, so I pointed out Stefan, you know, he's the one on the left, and that's me on the right, and then my other son, Josh, and my daughter, and my wife. And we love the countryside, so we live way out west on a piece of property, and we live in my wife's dream. She loves horses, so I'm funding her addiction. And that's the cool thing about the internet technology, is you can live and work anywhere. Yes? Okay, what we're going to cover today, first of all, let me do a bit of a check in terms of knowledge. Who has never logged into the AWS console? Okay, good. Who has logged in and deployed thousands of AWS instances? Craig, yeah, you should raise your hand. Okay, one? One instance? Okay, good. So this is not a deep dive, you know, going into AWS. This is really getting people to understand what AWS is all about, and how to spin up WordPress. I'm going to show you two ways. I'm a little bit bummed that the screen is so cramped, but I'm sure we can get through that. So I'm going to show you two ways to do that. AWS is really phenomenal for high availability and also allows you to very rapidly scale your environment. So a lot of the people at WordCamp, they're probably pretty good with having WordPress on a shared host somewhere, but if you need more host power and you want to be able to scale your WordPress site very quickly, then AWS is a great place to do that.  This focus is on AWS. We are also not in this session going to set up, you know, S3 and Cloud Front and talking about caching. But if we have some time at the end and people have questions about that, we can do it. So we're going to do a quick overview of what AWS is all about, and then we're going to jump in and have some fun doing live demos, live demos. Who's done live demos? That's always scary. We had the workshop Friday, and we provide 180 WordPress instances on AWS for the beginner's workshop, and it actually went well. The internet was a bit spotty, but the performance of the WordPress sites were pretty good. Okay. Who uses Netflix? It's got a Netflix account. Okay, so then you are running AWS because Netflix runs on AWS. I mean, the AWS story is actually a pretty interesting story because it was a bookseller, Amazon, and at some point they realized, well, we need a pretty substantial infrastructure to run our little bookstore online. And they started developing technology to be able to very rapidly deploy changes to Amazon.com. And at some point they realized, but we have a lot of capacity. Let's make it accessible to other people and start selling these services to other companies. So about 10 years ago, that started happening, and now many, many large companies and smaller startups are running on Amazon Web Services, AWS. So Dropcam, AirBnb, Slack, I'm sure almost all the services that you touch on the internet has some interaction with AWS. And if you really start to research what's going on, you know, that's a very intriguing story. And I think they caught a lot of the big technology companies off guard because a bookseller you know, providing technology, it doesn't compute because they way ahead of Google Rackspace. Microsoft is probably the only cloud provider that's close in terms of what they provide. So just a very interesting story. And then it's a full platform. It's actually a little bit overwhelming. I'll show you a screen just now. But anybody can use it. If you have a credit card and you sign up, you can use the service. Okay, let's quickly touch on a couple of AWS services. So as you can see, it's extremely there are a lot, lots of services. And I would lie if I say I know, you know, each of these. Most of you are familiar with S3. So if you if you want to back up your WordPress site, there are a lot of plugins that provide backup facilities to S3. So most people are familiar with that. So that's a durable object store in the cloud. EC2 is what we're going to focus on elastic compute cloud that allows you to store or to spin up virtual machines in the cloud very quickly. And we'll be doing I'll be showing you how to do that in two cases. Cloud front is the Amazon content delivery network. Has anybody use cloud front as a CDN? Okay. RDS is also a very cool service. One of our sponsors deep SQL they provide a similar service. But this is a service that allows you to run a database without having to worry about managing updates, backups, you know, high availability. It's a very cool service. And you can run my SQL Oracle SQL server. And then Amazon provides their own my SQL compatible database called Aurora. That's very fast, 10 times faster than my SQL. So that's if you start to think about high availability and WordPress for much larger organizations, you want to have a managed database server service. Route 53, that's your DNS. That's where you can these days you can actually register domains with Amazon. And you can also use the DNS for your own domains. CloudWatch and CloudTrail, those are two services that allows you to monitor your Amazon instances. And if something goes wrong, you can get it alert on your phone, SMS, email, all kinds of endpoints, but you know, typically email and SMS. And then, you know, interesting how things are happening around enterprise applications. But recently, Amazon also announced work mail. So obviously a competitor to Gmail and all the other email services. So you guys use that internally, great. No comment. Okay, so let's jump into some fun WordPress stuff. Who has just the amazon.com account where you buy stuff from Amazon? Okay, maybe I should ask who doesn't have an amazon.com account. Okay, good. So if you have an amazon.com account, you can use that. There's a few extra steps that you have to perform. So to be able to set up an AWS account, you can use your Amazon.com account. But then you have to provide some more information, you know, contact information, address, and you have to give them your credit card because Amazon services, Amazon AWS services are billed by the hour. They send you an invoice at the end of the month. They didn't bill you as you use it. But still, you have to provide your credit card and they will, you can say how they verify you. They can call you or send you an email. And then you have your AWS account. It's actually pretty easy to set it up. So as I mentioned before, I'm going to show you two ways to spin up WordPress the easy way and then a little bit harder way just for the fun of it. So let's jump into the easy way. In AWS, there's a place called the marketplace. It's like an app store. The marketplace is where companies provide pre-packaged virtual machines. So Bitnami is one company that provide a pre-packaged server and it includes LAMPstack. Anybody know LAMPstack? Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP. So they package all of that already for you, pre-configured, and then they also put WordPress on top of it. So in this case, we're going to go into the marketplace, you know, go through a couple of steps and click launch and it will spin up LAMPstack with WordPress on top of it for you. So let's do that. And I'm going to jump to my AWS environment. Now I thought it would be a little bit larger. Let me just see if I can change the screen size. Are you? It almost looks like my iPhone. Better? Okay. So in this environment, let me go back to the dashboard quickly. You can see we still have the 180 instances we spun up for the workshop on Friday. So how do we do this? So I've got a big blue button, click instance. What I'm going to do is I'm going to go through this fairly quickly because it takes about five minutes for the instance to spin up. So while that's happening in the background, I'll slowly walk you through what we did. So there's the AWS marketplace. You just search for WordPress. And we're going to pick this pre-packaged Bitnami package and just click select. As soon as you sign up with Amazon, you get a free tier. So we're going to use the free tier, which is a okay configuration for WordPress. Everything in Amazon will be added to a virtual private cloud. So all the security that you need is already pre-configured for you. So I'm just going to click on next. You get 10 gigabytes of SSD storage included. So I'm just going to do next. And I'm going to give this a name so that we can get it later. I'm just going to save it. The other thing that's really good about this is they pre-configured your security so that you have ports 80, 443, and 22 open. Those are the ports that you need for your web server to work and to SSH into your environment. And we click review. I'm not going to look at this for now. We'll get back to it. You do need to download an SSH key. And I already have one. So I'm not going to download one. I'm just going to pick the one that I've already downloaded. And then magic happens. This is really cool. So now in the background, Amazon is provisioning all the resources needed to spin up a LAMP stack and then to put, you know, it will pull WordPress from the latest archive. And it's busy building that instance for us. So I'm just going to go back to this screen. And it is running. You can see it's pending. So it's busy, you know, provisioning that server. Amazon is split up into regions. So if you, on the east coast, typically you will pick the east coast region. It means your server will be provisioned in a data center in somewhere in northern Virginia.  We picked the WordPress powered by Bitnami HVM instance. And it's already got everything you need to run WordPress. As I mentioned before, there's a free tier that you can start with. It's enough for most WordPress installations. And then Amazon does really a lot of work for you.   So all the security is already provided for you.  As I mentioned, you actually get up to 30 gigabytes of free tier for a year storage with Amazon. We just selected 10, that's fine. The next time we're going to do this, I'm going to show you how you open ports. What I really like about AWS Amazon is that they provide their philosophy is everything is closed. You have to explicitly open certain ports. That's a little bit different than the traditional Linux world. Traditional Linux is fairly open and you actually have to close stuff to make it secure. Amazon starts off by saying everything's closed. You open up what you need. So again, this is a pre-configured environment. So they already opened port 80 for us. Everybody knows what you need, why you need port 80. That's where you run HTTP or web browser. And then port 443, that's HTTPS. And then if you want to access the server itself, you typically use FTP or SSH. And that's port 22. Be sure when you download the key that you store it in a place where you can get it because if you don't have that key, you can't access the back end. And then you click launch. So let's go back and see what's going on on the Amazon side. So the instance is already up and running. It's initializing. I'm going to connect an elastic IP. That's like a dedicated IP because with Amazon, you can actually stop your instance. But if you stop it, the IP that it allocates to that can go away. But if you connect the elastic IP, you'll always be able to connect using that IP address. So let's go to elastic IPs. This is all very easy. Click on allocate. Yes, I want to allocate. That's the IP that it provided. Being in the hosting world for many years, this is too easy. But there's a lot more to it.  And the way you put those things together to build something, there's still you have to think about it. So they make certain things easy by giving you the blocks, but there's still a lot to be done to make it work well. So we want to associate that address to the instance that we just launched. And that's the one associate. And that's it. So if we go back to our instance, it's all done. So let's find the IP address. That's the IP address that we just allocated. And let's open another browser tab. And there you have your WordPress instance. There's one step that's kind of tricky, that Bitnami, they provided in their documentation. But obviously, how do you log into your WordPress instance? And the user, they always use user, which is better than admin. It's not the greatest, but they use user as the username. And this is a good trick.  And if you scroll away to the bottom, that's your password. So again, if you don't know this, it's like, where do I find this password? And I think you have to do the right-click copy. So let's go back to our WordPress password. And there we go. Easy enough. And all the slides will be available afterwards, obviously, on the website. So if you want to follow along, you can do that. Okay, so now let me quickly pause there. So there's this slide with the information about how you get your password. Before I move on to that, any questions? Yes. I'm not sure about that. When you can go to the marketplace, search through it. But that one is for a single instance. Next step, if we wanted to configure that a little bit more, I'm sure you might get into this. This is what I'm doing next. Yeah, so that one is sort of, everything is out of the box provided for you. Let me quickly, I'll show you now. Route 53, yes. Some of those preconfigured, they'll show you when you look at the marketplace, they'll show you pricing. This one is free. So you don't pay for the Bitnami service. Obviously, you'll pay for the Amazon resources that you use. Okay, so that was the easy way.  So what I'm going to do in this one is to build your server stack and then through SSH, install WordPress on that. I'm going to use, Amazon provides a very solid Linux distribution. So I'm going to use that. So we're going to launch an EC2 instance with Amazon Linux. Again, associate an elastic IP so that you can start and stop your instance without losing your IP address. Always after you install a Linux environment, you have to update it. We're going to launch Apache. If you want nginx, you can do that. Then we're going to install and configure PHP and MySQL. Sounds like a lot, but it's a couple of commands and I'll provide them. And then we're going to install, configure, and launch WordPress. So part of this is you sort of see how the sausage gets made. So this is what hosts typically do. Not all of it, I'm not going to give all my secrets away, but you can get a sense of what's going on. Okay, so let's jump back to our console again. And by the way, a lot of this you can do through a command line as well. The console is pretty solid, some Amazon people don't like to use the console. But it's a really easy way to start or to do your work in Amazon Web Services. So your question about nginx, I'm pretty sure, I mean, we can do a quick search. I can never remember how to use, is that how you spell it? Yep, so they are pre-packaged instances that you can use. Or you can just install Linux and then add nginx on top of it. It's your preference. I think the Amazon one is based on, do you know Craig? I can't quickly see it here, but it's based on some distribution. I mean, it's really your preference. And red hat. CentOS? And red hat. And red hat, okay. So in this case, we're starting from scratch. So we're going to start by installing Linux and we're going to use Amazon Linux, obviously. So you saw this before, this next step is to configure your virtual private cloud. And then you add your storage. Let's give it a key again so that we can remember.  You give it tagging means it's ways to identify it later on. So this is typically what we would do is we'll say WordPress. And if it's the environment, dev, just to give an idea of how you use that instance. Okay, yeah, we have to add a few things. So in the other one, it already preconfigured all the ports that you needed. With Linux, they by default open port 22. But we also want to open port, which port do we want to open? Okay, so they make it easy for you. They don't, you just click HTTP and there's that port and then HTTPS and that's that port both ways. You can do that as well. But for my example, yeah, it's just for a website. They have to open porch, you know, all those ports. Yes, so again, if you remember, I already have a key and I'm going to show you how I'm using that key in this instance. If you don't have a key, create one in this step, it will download. But let me launch this instance so that it can start doing its magic. Again, every time I hit that launch button, it's almost like sending a space shuttle to somewhere. Do you still get a kick out of that Craig? You do it through the command line, so I'm sure that you don't. So you can see it's pending, so it's starting to spin up the Linux server. So let's go back to our presentation. So we've done the first step, we've launched in a server with Linux, Amazon Linux. As soon as that server is up, we can associate it with a elastic IP. Then we're going to update Linux and, like I say, install Apache, PHP, MySQL, and WordPress. I do want to focus on that again. So be sure when you install Linux, be sure to open the ports so that you can access the browser. The good thing is if you forget, you can go back and open them later. It's not like if you don't do it. But even if you don't do it, the really cool thing about Amazon is, if whatever you did didn't work, shut it down, just terminate it and start over again. Again, in my world, it used to be you build a server, there's a machine, you can actually feel it, you build the server, you put software on top of it, you flip the switch, you hope it runs. If it runs well, you don't touch it. This is a completely different environment. You can plug and play very easily and you don't have to think about throwing away. They talk about throw away instances. So if something didn't work, just throw it away and you can start again. Okay, let's see what's going on on this side. So it's running and I think at this point we can associate our, let's not do that for now. So the way you find out how to connect to that instance is there's a button next to launch instance. You click on that and then it provides you with exactly how you can access SSH into that instance. So the first step is, and I've already done this, but I'm going to do it again, but you need to change your file permissions on this key is the key that you use to SSH into your instance. So let me open my terminal window. So let's just make sure I know where I'm at. I think I need to be Dropbox. This is my, so you can see my key. So let's just make sure the permissions are set for that file. And if this is freaking out, you're out at this moment. Good, but it is a lot of fun and all the steps are included. I would really encourage people that have never done this before, try it. You know, you'll kind of get addicted to it. So be careful. But then again, Amazon makes it really easy. It gives you exactly the command that you need to run to access that server. So I'm just going to copy that, paste it in my terminal window. Yes. Yes. And now we have access to our Amazon Linux server running in the Amazon Cloud. So, and again, they make it easy. I'm going to go through these set of commands, but the first thing we have to do is to update, update our Linux instance with all the latest packages and the command you use for that is yum. So it pulls all the packages that it needs from the different places to update your Amazon Linux instance. You don't know you do. Sorry, you do have to use sudo for that. So this is the step that takes the longest because it's basically looking at all the packages that you have on your Linux server and getting the latest versions and updating them. The next step we're going to do is to install and start Apache. Okay, so how do we get to super user mode? It's okay. So now we're in super user mode. And same command, yum install and Apache. So now it's pulling Apache from the server and installing it. But to be able to access your web server, you need to actually start that service. Let me ask you this. So people that have just never done any Linux commands that have a website running, do you have a little bit more appreciation for what the hosts do? But it's cool. Okay, so let's attach elastic IP to this instance. And again, the way you do that is you go to elastic IPs, allocate a new address. Yes, I do want to allocate a new one. And now I want to associate it with that Linux instance that we have running. And what did I, WP2, yep, that's the one. So let me ask you this. How would I know that I've correctly configured Apache? How would I be able to test that? Okay, so yes. So we have the IP, yes. So let's copy that. And if we paste it, we should see, we should see, yeah, so. So that means we have Amazon Linux running. We've started the Apache server. So what else do we need to run WordPress? We need MySQL and PHP, and then obviously WordPress as well. But this is a good way to test. So at least we know our server is up and running. We've installed Apache and it's up and running. So we head back to our terminal. And by now you're probably familiar with, you're probably familiar with everything working, but it's not. This is interesting. My terminal just died. Well, let's start again. Is that better? Okay, so again, we have to SSH into that one. I think, let me just make sure that's the one.  Okay, permission denied, wonderful. Many refreshments. Yeah, you've assigned an elastic IP, so you need to connect to that. Well, I'm using the DNS. Okay, so let's get back. So I'm back into my Amazon server. I use the DNS, so I mean, if you have the DNS, you don't have to reference the IP. Mr. Amazon, we can discuss it afterwards. Okay, so again, we've installed Apache, Linux Apache, and now we need to install MySQL and PHP. And all of this is in my slide, so you guys can benefit from all the hours and hours that I put into creating this for you. So again, these commands are a little bit boring, but we have to go through them, so now we're installing MySQL, and then we need to start the MySQL service, and after we've started it, we need to create a database for our WordPress. Everybody knows that WordPress runs on a database, so you need a MySQL database. So let's create the user and the database. So I'm going to call mine WCATL blog, and then there's also a really nice command that allows you to secure MySQL because obviously it's a very important database, so set root password, yes. You wanna know my password? I don't know my password. And then the rest is just, yes, yes, yes. Very easy. My password's in my slide, so you can get it. What do we need to do now? Now that we have, yes, so now we have to get WordPress, and Apache servers, you have to install WordPress in your home directory, and the home directory for Apache is under var, dub, dub, dub, HTML. There's nothing at the moment. Do you know how to get WordPress? So WordPress is so nice to store the latest version of WordPress at this reference, and now we are pulling all everything that we need for WordPress, yes. It's local, no, yes. And if you, yeah, we can talk some more about it afterwards. So now we have all the Amazon files, but obviously we have to untar it. And that means, so latest, tar, cool. We have all our Amazon files. I'm going to move those files to a sub directory that I'm calling that, wcatlblog. Let me just make sure, yep. And to make sure that's actually what I did, let's navigate to that directory and that we have our familiar WordPress files. Okay, what do we need to do now? We created our database, so we need to connect that to our WordPress system. And WordPress comes by default, it comes with a sample WP conflict, WP config file, if I can spell. So WP config, so we're just making that available. So, and to weigh, how many of you guys have used VI? Okay, okay, so Nino is a little bit more friendly, but so we need to configure our WP config file because we have to connect it to our SQL database that we just created. So let's scroll down, makes it fairly easy. Remember we created the database and that database is wcatlblog. We created root as the user and guess what? You can see my password. Yeah, that's secure. Obviously this is a demo. If you're going to use Amazon's RDS, so the managed database server, they will provide you with an endpoint there. And so instead of having local hosts, you can just paste it in there and then it connects to the managed database. So let's save that. Okay, we do need to restart Apache for all of this to take effect. And HTTP, D restart. Okay, so the moment of truth. What do you think? Do you think we did everything right? Okay. I'm having fun. I'm not sure about you guys. Okay, so that's our Apache page. Remember I installed WordPress on slash wcatlblog. So to finish this, we need to go to, I love the way they do it these days with if you don't provide a strong password, there's a checkbox to say, I agree, not something like that. Let's confirm use of sweet person. Let's not make WordPress mad. We don't want it indexed. So there we go. So we have our, so in this case, we, you know, within a couple of minutes, you were able to spin up the Linux environment, install Apache, MySQL, PHP, get all the WordPress files, configure those WordPress files and you have your WordPress instance running. Pretty cool. We have two minutes. So I was, if we didn't have time, I wouldn't do this step, but I think we have time. So let me show you how you would actually now, I do need to save. Yeah, let's do it. So I just want to save my password. Should never do that. Should use last pass. So how do we actually use a domain versus an IP? So the way you do that is to use route 53 to associate your IP to a domain. So as luck would have it, I've got some domains lying around. So let's just use this one. We create a record set. Where did I go to, oh, create. There we go. No, no. Why don't I see that, Craig? What am I missing on the record sets? There we go. So we're creating an A record. So to point the domain to our IP. So let me just make sure I get the right one. So that's the A record that we're using. Just the IP, not the HTTP. So it may take a little bit of time, but let's see if we were able to do that correctly. So that is my one. And obviously, if you remember, I installed it on a sub directory. Obviously, the next step is to go into, let's do that quickly. Let me get my strong password. Where do we set our URL? Obviously, we need to change it because we installed it on an IP. And I always forget that you remember the 16.1.net. 16.1.net. It's kind of fun if you break this. Anybody done that? Yes. I think it's fine for the next class. Okay, very good. Thank you, everybody.