Hello and welcome to downstream the show about politics, culture, political culture and books which I've been sent for free and think are really good. What don't we talk about when we talk about sex? One study identified no fewer than 237 distinct reasons why people have sex, ranging from because it feels good to because I was scared not to. And in the wake of the Me Too movement, a genre of infographics and educational social media posts emerged comparing sex to sandwiches and cups of tea, all to illustrate the importance of not forcing anyone to have it. But what about the different kinds of consent, enthusiastic, informed, anxious, strategic or conditional? And what are the limitations of positioning consent as the only thing which differentiates good sex and bad sex? So to discuss just this, I am really pleased to welcome Rachel Thompson, journalist and author of the new book, Rough, how violence found its way into the bedroom and what we can do about it. Rachel, thank you so much for joining us. My god, thank you for having me. This is an honor. I mean, I've got to say, my experience of reading this book was to read it, identify loads with it and then just sort of march around going, I have loads of thoughts about sex now. I don't want to talk about it. That makes me so happy.  That makes me happy on a very superficial and self-involved way. Like, validation is happening for me. I know, I crave it. Well, I was hoping maybe the place where we could start would be, there seems to be this theme that what the book is trying to do is give words and shape and content to all the things that don't normally have words or are unspoken or don't fit the predetermined scripts that we have for understanding what sex is or what rape is. So I was wondering if you could maybe talk a bit about that.  But I felt particularly in the Me Too movement when we were talking about the Aziz Ansari allegations, and we kind of roved into uncomfortable territory for a lot of people, because if these weren't what you could say, you know, you could describe as kind of clear-cut, you know, violations, people weren't sure what to do with these uncomfortable experiences that didn't fit into this almost like binary of violence and non-violence. And I think, you know, people didn't know how to respond to those allegations. And I think there was obviously problems in terms of the reporting. I just found it very interesting that everybody just kind of shut down the conversation before we could even delve into that uncomfortable place because they just didn't have the words to talk about what was going on here. And they didn't, you know, people were like, it's a gray area, but even the term gray area is so loaded, and it's almost so, sounds almost like it's kind of invalidating whatever's being described. So I think people, we really kind of walked into this territory of like, it's nebulous, it's uncomfortable, we don't, we can't call it assault, we can't call it rape. And because it's not clear-cut, therefore, we just push it away, we put it away in a drawer, and we think, hmm, too complicated, too hard, don't know what to do with it. But I think for anyone who had ever had a sexual experience that, you know, they came away thinking, well, I wasn't raped, but dot, dot, dot, and they didn't have words that, you know, could come after that ellipsis, you know, I think that the kind of the way that that conversation was shut down, the way that people didn't want to engage with it, I think felt really like a missed opportunity. And I think I was just kind of left thinking, I don't know what to do. If, you know, if we're not able or ready right now in this Me Too movement to talk about things that are a little bit more complicated, are a little more hard to define, then, you know, I think that that can be incredibly invalidating for so many people who either don't categorise their experience as sexual violence or don't yet, you know, haven't quite come to terms with what happened. And so I felt that there needed to be a kind of space. I don't want to say like, I want to hold space. I'm holding space with my book deal. Yeah, I wanted to kind of just sit in that gray area and sit in that, you know, discomfort and just think, okay, well, what's actually going on in this, in this little spot where we don't have language and like, what are all those reasons for that lack of language?  There's lots of lots of things that feed into that. And also, I just think when I was kind of when I was writing the book and when I was talking to experts, you know, one thing that really shone through is like, it's actually incredibly personal thing, you know, choosing the words to define any of your lived experiences, not just ones that pertain to sex and violence. But, you know, we get to be the ones that choose the words that define those experiences. And those definitions, those categories can change over time. And again, that process is very personal. And that that's something that I found, you know, during the writing process, I had like, I started out thinking, yeah, this thing that happened to me was gray.  I and I even would tell myself this narrative of like, I'm very lucky. But then over time, as I started to research, I was like, there was a kind of slow coming to terms, but also coming to find language that to describe these things. And I found that interesting. That was really, really the sense that I got was once you added time, and the way in which self knowledge develops almost like a piece of photographic film, because in the moment of the thing happening when it is formless, and you are looking for the point at which you must have consented to this thing happening. Otherwise, why would it be happening if it wasn't a decision that you made somewhere? To then realizing, well, maybe I did consent to something, but it wasn't this. And there was no point at which the signal was given to do this thing. Or even if I said, hey, let's try something. And then I no longer wanted to that no longer wanting to was not honored or seen or perceived. And it seemed to me that between enthusiastic consent and sex, which you enjoy, even if you don't have multiple orgasms or whatever, be you enjoy it for whatever reason. And then rape on the other side, you've got this other thing in the middle, which is somebody is having sex, and it is to you rather than with you. And it seems to me that we don't get into that spot where pleasure or the completion of an experience or an experience looking away that people expect and want it to look takes priority of somebody else's safety, comfort and pleasure. Yeah, I find this so interesting. I think it's, you know, we don't, we're only really starting, I think, to talk about this, what academics actually just refer to as unwanted sex and unwanted sex, you know, you have, it's a spectrum, I suppose, where you have the unwanted sex that takes place within relationships and can happen in a kind of loving context.  Usually I love having sex with them. I'll just, you know, I just want them to know that I love them. I want them to know that I've, they, they, you know, I find them desirable. So, you know, there's that and I feel like that's different to looking at it from a kind of when we look at the power dynamics, we look at the, the way that, you know, a person's socioeconomic status, their gender, their, just their kind of like migration status, their, you know, whether they are in a precarious situation in life, these factors, these conditions can all have a role in a decision making process. And this, you mentioned in your introduction, strategic consent. And I, and this is something that when I was, I was speaking to an academic, she coined the term, Lena Baichung, she's the academic that coined this term.  And, and that means that you're not consenting because you desire that person, you're consenting because the worse, like the opposite is worse, that, you know, the alternative is worse because you feel like if you say no, then you're, you would be even more like at risk. And so that is something I just feel is really missing in a lot of conversations when we talk about sex and sexual violence.  But I think what Lena Baichung said is we need to ask the question of like, yes, she consented, but why, you know, and I think all too often the conversations surrounding consent, I mean, like obviously these kind of bad faith conversations that happen online where, you know, say, you know, some high profile celebrity, there's allegations made against them. And people then begin this kind of public discourse of dissecting the description of the events and saying, well, she consented, or, well, she said yes, didn't she? And that's the kind of, I find that really problematic that we are so willing to accept, like we're so willing to just accept the yes, and not question why, not question the circumstances that led up to that yes. Because I feel that once you do, then then you start to understand how a person might have felt in that situation, which is they may have felt violated, and they may have felt they had no choice, or they may have felt like, you know, also within a dating culture context, you know, I, a guy pays for dinner, and, you know, they feel like they need to repay that person, you know, or like it's all these kind of transactional elements that can play into it as well. So I just, yeah, I think that we're missing something in our conversations when we don't rove into that and it is uncomfortable because people, people do engage in unwanted sex, and you can, like some of that doesn't have to necessarily be problematised. But I think if we think more about power dynamics in our sexual culture, some of it, you know, I think it is a problem that someone consents to something because they feel they have no choice other than to say yes.  That's the hottest thing for me. And then that time where somebody is knocking on the door of your boundaries or pushing your boundaries or insisting that something happens in a particular way and lots of the time, this stuff is non verbal, like I will never forget hooking up with a guy once and he kept trying to sneak anal up on me as if I wouldn't notice, as if it wasn't on me. And it was maybe a third or fourth time I was like, honestly, man, what do you think is going to happen that I'm going to go? Oh, well, may as well. He's persisted. God loves a trier.  How do you feel about it? That that is the death of eroticism, right? That you lose the mystery.  Fifth time lucky, I guess. Well, yeah, I mean, this, I, this has happened to me as well. And it's just like, I'm sorry, do you think I'm not going to notice that? Like, I'm just gonna be like, oh, how did we end up here? Oh, accidents happen.  And, okay, here we are, we may as well just stay here. Yeah, I don't, that, yeah, it's not something that you love when that happens. I think there's this element, I think in our sexual culture of, I think, particularly within heterosexual sexual culture, I think of boundary pushing and the idea of it being sexy for, for people to push other people's boundaries. And I think that's, that's certainly there's some truth in that, right? But I think that it has to be done in a way that is like communicated and probably done so in advance as well, not just in the moment of like, Hey, let's try this. And suddenly the person who is naked and may feel vulnerable because they're naked.  Or am I just naked and into this person and thinking, Oh, okay, maybe, maybe I'll do it then.  And I think in, in terms of our like the way we talk at the moment in terms of we have become quite, and for many reasons, we talk so much about consent. And we, you know, I think that is important. But we also need to I think also talk about sexual boundaries and ways that you can assert boundaries and make sure that you're honoring other people's boundaries. And, and also the very like the various different ways of saying like, Okay, this is a hard limit, which, you know, would mean I don't ever want to try that. But this is a soft limit. So, you know, it's a no for now, but it's something I'm interested in maybe exploring another time. And I think, you know, wouldn't that be so valuable to teach young people that they can have that kind of, they can have those kinds of conversations. And I mean, as you said earlier, like, the idea of this of talking in during sex, right, of saying, Do you mind if we do this? Or how do you feel about doing this? I don't know where this, I think I do think it's a myth that it's killer. And this has come up, this came up in the book. And they've been like studies kind of social experiments where university students were doing consent workshops. And the whole conversation became the whole workshop got derailed by these young men becoming really concerned that like these conversations, these, you know, basically consent negotiations would be mood killers. And they almost felt more concerned about the mood killing than they did about about the, I don't know, the possibility of violating someone or not, you know, not negotiating consent in a correct way. And I just, I don't understand where this has come from this kind of obsession with mood killing and how that, you know, almost like the cost of like maybe having a momentary bit of embarrassment if someone rebuffs you in the bedroom when they don't want to do 69 or something, you know, like that momentary embarrassment that momentary feeling of perhaps like sexual rejection is is almost like a bigger social penalty than honoring someone's boundaries. And I think we have to move away from that idea that that being like having a momentary awkwardness or someone's telling you, I don't really feel like doing that today, or maybe ever, like that isn't the worst thing that's going to happen to you, right? It's also like, I think you, you talk about this in the book later on where you talk about that sex scene between Connell and Marianne in normal people and how rare it was to see during a sex scene, someone go, this is okay, we can stop if you want.  This idea that a guy was going, we don't have to do this, like this is based entirely on your comfort, your pleasure and your desires. And I was like, Oh, my God, that's really hot. So if there's someone watching this going, well, I don't want to kill the mood by asking too many questions, doing too many check-ins, just think it works for Connell and normal people. But I wanted to sort of move on to I think lots of people, and this is obviously a really contentious thing within feminist politics, it's very tempting to go while porn is to blame here. And in porn, you don't see somebody go, hey, can I do this? Or how would you feel if?  But very often a man's job is sort of pounce on a woman in a particular way. And then suddenly, like legs are splayed, juices are flowing, everything's going. And personally, I find it really hard to talk about pornography and its role in shaping sexual culture because I feel caught between two very rigid ways of thinking and almost that I'll be disciplined by one of them. One is a radical feminist or traditionally radical feminist view, which is like all pornography is a form of rape.   I love sex. I love porn. All this stuff is great and empowering. If you differ from that, then you're sex negative or you're policing.  What is that doing to us? So I was wondering if you could offer off the back of my big rant about porn. What's the deal? I completely share this. Well, I just I share your view completely because I felt that tension, the tension that exists, I think it was certainly within British culture of, of there being a binary yet again, and that you cannot sit anywhere in the middle of it because that you must therefore have the wrong opinion. And I think I do think that there's some problems in terms of, and I mentioned this in the book because, you know, there is, yeah, the Brad Femme kind of idea that porn is causing sexual violence and porn is having this like, you know, terrible effect and it's, you know, fueling misogyny and all of that. And then, but that has not, that as a theory has not been proven by academic research. And, but you do see lots of studies that appear that try to prove this, but they all have methodological issues. And they very often will prove an association, not a causal link. And sometimes through, you know, irresponsible media media reporting that association is framed as direct cause when in fact it's, it's different. And yeah, I think that basically it's really hard in this country to have a conversation where we can critique or have some kind of critical conversation and analyze the tropes and the misinformation that exists within mainstream porn. I think that it's possible to say, I, I don't want porn to like, I don't want to access to porn to be limited in any way. I don't want to feed into that, that culture, that the kind of anti-porn brigade of wanting to just, you know, change our like, legislate our desires basically and, you know, just remove everyone's access for, you know, to pornography. And I think that in our desire to not feed into that conversation, we then, and I have seen a lot of people kind of almost, they're just so reluctant to be in any way critical of, of porn or to even delve into some of the more problematic aspects of it. Because they're so worried that they'll be perceived as wanting to ban porn, basically. And I just think it's a real shame that we aren't able to speak a bit more freely, basically, without fear. Well, in the spirit of speaking freely, maybe I could invite you to talk a bit about what you see porn doing in terms of sexual culture. The floor is yours to articulate the nuance that you can't do anywhere else. Well, yeah, I think, I think basically there are, like that, I think within mainstream porn, there are issues with tropes. And there are issues with misinformation and things being presented as, you know, like, choking, for instance, that being presented as something that everybody wants to do. And I'm not trying to like, you know, create this like idea of normativity within sexuality.   And you don't that doesn't come through. And I get why it doesn't come through. And that's because porn is obviously entertainment, it's not education, right? And it is just serving up fantasies. So, of course, like, it's not going to be responsible because it's not thinking of itself as a training resource, or it's not thinking like, what are the kids going to think, you know, they're not thinking at it like thinking about it like that. So I think that there are I do think that there are issues in that respect, I think that we are that there is misinformation, and that there are problematic tropes, I think, you know, from like a racial perspective, I think that there are kind of, you know, just as you say, you know, like, just misogynistic presentations of that sexual dynamic. They're also really problematic racist tropes that are rooted in, you know, colonization and things like that, that I think we should be able to dissect and just call out and think, maybe when people watch that, like, it's hard to say perhaps because we don't honestly have enough academic research that we can trust on this topic.  And they're fine with that, you know, and I think that that's a problem in itself as well. So if that makes, is that making sense? Yeah, it does. It does. I suppose what I'm saying is, do you think that maybe there is a certain desire to go, Well, there's, you know, a correlation, but not causation, that's not been proved. Do you think that maybe that just simply reflects a certain amount of squeamishness of going, we don't want to violate the liberal principle of saying, well, do what you want, as long as it doesn't hurt anywhere. But actually, we would apply a lot more criticism to any other part of our culture, where the main way in which women of color were being presented was as like animalistic malevolent sluts. Do you know what I mean? Like we would do that if that was on ITV. So the minute when it's on Pornhub, why do we suddenly back off from following that train of thought in terms of, well, what is this doing to people's expectations? Simply because it's in sex now. And then we kind of can't judge. Do you think that essentially being held hostage by our own unwillingness to judge? I completely agree. I actually, I feel that tension within me, you know, and I felt it when I was writing the book, because we, yeah, it's, you're kind of damned if you do and damned if you don't, like I don't, I absolutely would not want any of my arguments in the book to be misconstrued as that, as that wanting to, you know, limit our society's access to Pornhub. But at the same time, like, should we be talking more about the really problematic and dehumanizing tropes that do exist? Absolutely. And I don't, there's just no critical framework for that. Like there's no way that we, like, I don't think that there's a way in, certainly in the UK where people feel at ease, I think they feel very hamstrung by this, the radfem kind of ideology that has kind of become quite dominant. And I think it has been, you know, fuelled by, again, like irresponsible media coverage and things like that. So, yeah, I do think people, there's a fear. I mean, I feel it. And I don't know what to do about that, basically. I mean, I feel the same way. I mean, one of the things I wanted to maybe talk about is the way in which Pornhub has changed the practice of how people have sex, and not because it has awakened a desire within them, but that's because people go, oh, that's what I'm meant to do. And there are two examples that you give in relation to that. One is, you know, slapping and spanking.  And I'd be like, watching something like just about to have, you know, kind of like lazy, half-hearted wank, which is my favorite kind.  I didn't, I didn't, I don't want that. That's killed the, I'm going to go read some Quran and think about what I've done because I don't want to see that. Like, you know, and then choking, being the other example. And what was incredible was reading the book.  After a certain point, the woman turns around and goes, actually, I don't like this. Or the man goes, I don't know why you're into this. And both of them realize neither of us enjoy this thing we're doing. Yeah. That, that's so shocking as well, I think that really, I think it was Layla from La, La, La, Let Me Explain who told me that.  Like, have you ever been, have you ever felt, I've never felt confident to be like, this is what I like. What do you like? And I, I mean, maybe I'm just quite British for that, you know? No, no, no, I also have that conversation with a degree of honesty. Like, I certainly feel, and this is also about thinking about porn in a critical way about the impact it has on our culture is that there is not a firewall between mainstream culture and the culture of pornography. You hear it in music, you see it in fashion. And that's not a bad thing either, right? There has always been this kind of porous membrane between forms of sex work and explicit sexual content and mainstream culture. That's, that's a part of pop culture. But certainly it then became this thing where like, to say, I actually don't want to do some of this stuff. It made me feel like I wasn't a freak, you know, and I wasn't sexually interesting or intriguing. It's like, no, I actually, I just don't want to be spat. Thanks.  I don't want you to touch that dangly thing that's swinging at the back of my throat. I like that song, but I don't, I don't want to do it. And so I guess maybe, you know, maybe talking about the difficulty in identifying what it is you authentically want when there are pressures outside of the immediate pressure of your partner to present a certain sexual self. Yeah, that's fascinating because, you know, I do think, I think some of us, I know in myself, right? I'm insecure sexually and think like, I probably am. I like, sometimes I'm like, maybe I'm really bad at blowjobs.  And like, honestly, like, I've never given someone a blowjob, like the way I've seen it on porn. But I thought, if I'm not doing it like that, then maybe I'm doing a terrible, terrible job.  And, and if you're not doing it, then you're really boring. And you're maybe if you're not doing it in a certain way, you're just not sexually adventurous, or you're not good at it. And I, I feel that, like, I still feel the effect of that.  And then they just put a condom on a banana. And that was it. They're like, good luck to you. I mean, that was, that was so completely the same as my experience.  You were told to put a condom on it. And I will never forget one girl packed up went Miss, Miss, I can put one of those on with my mouth. And we were like, good for you. But that was, that was it. It was no sense of pleasure or what might feel good or how do you open up a conversation or where you might learn what certain things are. And also it was this like, really, you know, she looked like she could have worked in a peacocks, you know, like that's the woman who came in to explain it. And so there wasn't necessarily a lot of like a sense of affinity or cool or want to be like you or want to trust you with a discussion of pleasure. So I guess my question for you is how do you then introduce a holistic approach and conversation to sex and sexuality, where you're not just teaching people these are the bad things that could happen. You're also trying to open up the conversation of and these are the good things that can happen. Yeah. I mean, just pleasure being talked about from a, certainly from a, you know, woman's perspective as well. Like that's something that feels radical to me, you know, I'm just like, because I think so many of us grew up being told like, you know, I think actually one of the things that was said was, oh yeah, girls, when you know, first time you have sex, it's going to hurt.  And second of all, it's creating this idea that pain is the default experience for heterosexual women. And, and I think that that's, it's, it's dangerous.  And I think that, you know, our expectations are low, because we're like, well, it's going to hurt, and it's probably not going to be great. And no one thinks any differently. And I think basically, just having pleasure, and I think masturbation should be talked about as well. Like I think that if you know how to pleasure yourself first and foremost, and you explore, like what you like, what you don't like, I think that you figure yourself out, sexually, on your own without having someone else kind of, you know, test those boundaries. And you think, Oh, actually, no, that's like really not right for me, actually. But you know, obviously that I think sex is a little bit like that to an extent, you know, it's a bit, bit trial and error really, sometimes the only way to figure out what your boundary is, is when someone else crosses it, right? And that in itself is, I guess a problem. I was taught in a way that there was something so uniquely dirty about female pleasure. So I went to an all girls state school. So you can imagine I had a really healthy socialization when it came to sex.  But we're teaching each other these rules, because it's a way of making ourselves seem more worldly. And the rules were, you could do anything with a boy.  But the dirtiest thing that could happen was that he goes down on you. And there was this like viral video very famously around one New Year's Eve of a guy in a stairwell, where his friends came around and filmed him with like a woman like sitting on his face. And it was seen as like the most humiliating thing he could have been caught doing. And so it went in really deep that like, there is something so fundamentally dirty and disgusting about the female body and female pleasure and how we experience it. And what sex is, is like a series of checkpoints with a man, which ends with in some way him coming. And that's what sex is.  And then, you know, suddenly a cultural moment is happening where we can have better conversations.   I think what you were saying about this, you know, growing up feeling like that shame around masturbation and the, the very idea of pleasuring yourself. I mean, I didn't, no one said the word masturbation at school, like other than some of the boys. And I was just like, what does this mean? Like, I understand most words, like, I'm a good reader. Like, why haven't I heard this? This isn't in my Jacqueline Wilson books. Like, so I asked a friend, I was like, my friend Charlotte, I was like, I feel really embarrassed asking this. But do you know what this word means? And she was like, yeah, yeah, so it means touching yourself. And I personally have never done it. And I've probably done it but like by accident. And so immediately, my very first understanding of the definition of this word is instilled with this idea of like, but we don't do it because I'm a nice girl. So yeah. And I just think if you don't have those conversations, like people's first, you know, like people's first conversations about, you know, it's going to be with someone that maybe isn't the best person, they're not the best person to talk about masturbation. They don't know how to de-stigmatize it. They don't know how to like tell you that it's, you know, not something to be ashamed of. So I feel like I've just gone off on a tangent there. What was your name? No, I'm with you. Listen, Wanking Defense League, me and you. Exactly. No, but you're so right about this, the checklist of like, you know, there's certain boxes to just tick off in order to just get the sex, right? You know, and I just think that those narratives, like we have this hierarchy in our minds.      And I think that that is so problematic for, for, you know, when we talk about sex, that is, you know, it completely erases the LGBTQ community, the LGBTQ community's experience of sex. And I just think that this, yeah, like, why, why do we need to put penis and vagina, like sex at this pinnacle of like, this is the gold standard, this is what you're working towards? Honestly, is that what's going to make us come? Like not always? I also think the pressure that that puts on cisgender heterosexual men is enormous. So the stigma around, you know, erectile dysfunction, or, you know, the fear of not being able to perform, particularly if it's like a first date or a hookup, and you don't have that basis of like, mutual understanding and latitude and kind of shared vulnerability there. Like, I guess maybe this is my last question, which is, do you think that sex as it is, is enjoyable for men, considering how they're socialized into it? I mean, I obviously don't want to speak on behalf of men. I'm sure they probably don't want me to be their spokesperson. But I would say that just as we like, just as women suffer under the patriarchy because of all of these gender roles, men also, there's, you know, the like, virility myth. There's the idea in within the context of unwanted sex, which we were talking about earlier, you know, there's a gender role that, you know, men should consent to all sex, like all men are, you know, this idea that men are horny all the time and want sex all the time.  Yeah, they're kind of a crack.  Yeah. And I think that, you know, I obviously looked a lot at kind of just gender roles and how they influence, you know, the reasons why we enter sexual situations that we don't want. And I think that there should be, we should be able to talk about the fact that, you know, men also enter into these, you know, sexual situations that they don't want to have. And they feel pressured by ideas surrounding masculinity and what it means to be a real man. And I think people should start to interrogate that as well, because that's a pressure that exists.  But, you know, I'm sure that that, like, I'm sure that that leads to the kind of self-violation and them feeling kind of weird or, I don't know, even traumatized afterwards. And I think maybe, honestly, like, there needs to be some kind of discussion of that. And I think often we, you know, obviously my book talks mostly about women and people of marginalized genders. But, you know, I think we have to acknowledge that men also share these experiences too, you know, some of them at least. Well, I think maybe the thing that I took from the book the most is that a lot of this starts with self-knowledge and not sound like a massive hippie, but tuning into yourself, your desires and your boundaries a lot better. And if you need help doing that, by this book, by my friend Rachel Thompson, it's really good. And there's so much in here that, like I said, are really strongly identified with. And there's so much which then remind me of things other people have said to me. And I think that that's the mark of a great book where the humanity is just oozing from it, like a weird secretion. Is that, do you want to put that in the back of the book? Please, I would love that, can we blur that? Yeah, 100%. Rachel, thank you so much for joining us. Thank you for having me. It's been a real pleasure. And thank you for tuning in. If you want to see more of this kind of content you know what to do, subscribe to our YouTube channel. 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Hey, it's Lewis. Welcome to the podcast. Enjoy our conversations anytime, anywhere. Cool. Hey, folks, welcome to the podcast. Today I'm delighted to be joined by Dane Ingeville, British businesswoman and former CEO of Lloyds of London. Inge, thanks for joining me. Good to see you again. Good to see you, even though it's over the airwaves this time and not in person. No, absolutely. Well, hopefully next time we'll be face to face sooner rather than later. I hope so. How's it all going? How are you finding working at home and all of that stuff? Well, for me, I moved into a time of my career where I'm portfolio director, as they call it. So I've got various non-executive directives and therefore a lot of the time in between physical board meetings or at least board meetings that used to be in person and they're now done virtually, I was usually working at home anyway. We had my home office set up. I was very used to using technology and while it is a big difference, it's much more different for me in my social life actually than my professional life because I don't be out all the time spending time with family, with friends, always going out to theater or enjoying a nice restaurant meal. So the bigger impact for me has actually been on the social side of my life rather than on the professional side. But I know that some people, of course, when you're used to going into the office all the time and I remember when I introduced homeworking and flexible working many years ago in the office, I would get a response from a lot of people saying there's no way I'm going to work from home, you know, I like to come into the office, I like to see everyone. Now for those people, this must be a real shock. Mathively. Do you think this will completely change the way people work or people just revert to like the good old ways they were working before? Well, some people will have learned new ways of working and I think they'll be relishing, they'll be really enjoying some aspects. When you work virtually like this, it does give you a lot more flexibility in your day. Yeah, that's true. And I think once people are used to the fact that actually I can be just as productive, maybe even more productive by not doing my hourly, two hourly commute every day and I can actually spend more time doing other things that I want, spend more time at home, it could change the way people approach remote working. I think particularly also for managers because there are some managers and leaders that think, oh gosh, if I can't see my employees in the office, I don't know that they're actually working. And I think when people, obviously it takes a little while to get used to this new way of working virtually, but a lot of people will see, gosh, my team are just as productive with thinking more creatively, perhaps thinking of new ways of working and then they'll see the benefits of it. I think one of the key things that I've always found though is when you want to be most creative, you've got to get people talking to each other. When people are too on their own all the time, not necessarily do the great ideas come along. It's almost as though when you have two people talking about something, a third mastermind appears, where suddenly you come up with the most amazing idea because you've sparked off each other. And I think that's one thing that's key to get right with this way of working is to encourage still that conversation, whatever means it's, whatever medium it's taking place over. Basically to make sure you encourage that. But then you can see that your teams are still performing. I think it could really revolutionize how managers think of teams and how productive they are. Yeah, people will be much more open to having a virtual team and being able to, you know, different people want to work differently. There's no one size fits all. So long as people are open to other people's ways of working, I think that would be awesome. Interestingly, the more people I speak to right now, a lot of people, it's affecting their mental health a lot, being kind of stuck at home. And so it'll be interesting to see how many people can and are more productive at home versus, you know, craving that like social interaction, right? Cause we are human and we like to meet and be face to face. So it'll be interesting to see that. It probably depends a lot on your home circumstances, doesn't it? If you're living alone at home, you could probably end up never leaving your computer, you know, you're stuck at your desk all the time because there's a real distraction. Whereas I think if you're living with others, particularly young families, you, you know, the chances are you are going to be distracted in all sorts of ways that you don't necessarily get distracted by when you're in the office environment. That's true. So you mentioned it's impacted your social life more than anything.  Are you doing kind of like zoom dinner parties and like house parties? And how are you keeping like interacting with all of your friends and stuff? Yeah, we're trying all the various apps and tools that are out there. We had to give up using one. Zoom we were using the other day. It seemed to be so crowded on the airwaves that didn't work because there was quite a group of us. We gave up with that. We then switched to house party, I think on that issue. But otherwise we use messenger, group chats, WhatsApp group chats. People are using Microsoft Teams meetings. Yeah, yeah. People work. I think you're using Google Hangouts. Yeah. There's such a multiple of choice out there. Yeah. And I don't know, some of them have their pros, some of them have their cons. A lot of the time, particularly for one-on-one, almost any of them work, don't they? That's great, yeah. I found myself being more social than ever. I was like speaking to a couple of friends from uni at 8.30 in the morning on my little morning walk before I start work on house party. And we were saying, we haven't spoken at 8.30 in the morning midweek for like ever. I'm like, it's great. I'm like, I think I'm speaking to my friends more. I was speaking to customers more and people that I work. I mean, it's just, it feels really social.  And I'm probably speaking to them more now than I was when I was sitting next to them. Because you like feel the... Yeah, and then that's a great thing to learn, isn't it? Going through this way of working, let's make sure that we keep up this more communication. And particularly I found that friends that I, I perhaps wouldn't have spoken to maybe more often than once every two months. I'm now speaking to once every two weeks. Yeah, so it's kind of bringing people together in a way that we've lost touch on a little bit. That's true. And when do you think, when do you think we'll be back in the office now? A million dollar question. I don't know. If we look at, I was looking at China, about what's happening in China and particularly Wuhan. And they were basically a knockdown, you know, for two months or so. But even when they opened up, they still haven't opened up fully while they've let people arrive into the city. They're still being very, very strict on checking them and things are not back to usual yet. And therefore we've got to think at least probably three months, haven't we, here in the UK? Yeah. I hope that the six months that some people have talked about, it just isn't going to be reality. From my sense, what I'm hearing and reading about, some of the countries that went into lockdown earlier than the UK, particularly in other parts of Europe, they're already now talking about their exit strategies. So how are they going to start letting people mingle and meet a bit more? So there is some hope, some light at the end of the tunnel. And I just hope that, you know, three months will be at the max. Let's hope it doesn't go beyond that. But we really, that's too early to tell at the moment. No, we'll see. What's really interesting and governments are having to do this already is almost put a price on life.  And, you know, they've got these impossible decisions to make about, do you open up? Is that going to risk more people dying, the economy? I mean, it's a very, very tough thing for them to decide. Yeah, I think one thing for sure, people are agreed that it is going to have a huge economic impact that is going to ripple on much longer than maybe the physical side of people getting infected. Because if people are going through this period of not earning any money or they're earning very little money, you've got businesses that might have been or might collapse, still might collapse for coming months. The impact on the economy then is going to have a wave, sort of another wave where people don't have the money to put into the economy as they did. So that's going to be in the longer run in a way more severe. Massively. I remember when we met only a few months ago. Brexit was on everyone's lips. And it's interesting now, I mean, I'm probably the first person that's mentioned it in, you know, a month or two. So it's interesting how quickly things change.  I mean, it's Mother Nature saying, like staying in your room for six months and let me sort myself out.  And why did we even bother with that whole thing? Look at how powerful the world really is. And these are the things we should really focus on. And of course, being, well, I've been in the world of insurance for 38 years. We've been used to dealing with disasters and every time some physical, natural disaster comes along, you realize how powerless we are as humans. You know, if there's an earthquake or flooding, and then you realize it isn't Mother Nature powerful. And this is Mother Nature in another way. This is a disease that's spreading that seems to make humans just so powerless. It puts everything into perspective. It really does. How can leaders lead through these times?  Obviously the kind of the startup community, the SME sector is really big in the UK and a lot of people haven't ever experienced this. What can kind of leaders do to navigate through this? One thing is not to panic. And it feels as though we've got over the panic or the first round of panicking. But I still, in some of the conversations I have, there still seem to be some business leaders who are tending to think of it in a panicking way. And that's the worst thing to do. It's the worst thing for your clients, worst thing for your employees. You as a leader now have to show that you're being thoughtful, considered. You may not know all the answers and you need them and your people to help you come up with the answers, but don't, whatever it is, panic. Think very carefully about what you need to do and think also about the outcome. In other words, what can you do to make sure that you're still around and still able to operate to make good when we get through the crisis? Yeah, yeah. The other thing I think for leaders, and leaders often talk about this, but it is so important now, is you communicate, communicate, communicate. And you don't have to be the guru who has all the answers.  Never as important as now. Your people, but also your clients. Nobody's expecting you to know all the answers. This is the other thing. They know you're not superhuman, but to show that you're doing things in a measured way and that you're keeping them as informed as possible, that to me is one of the most important things. Definitely. The other thing is a lot of businesses and maybe not so much the smaller ones, and perhaps there are services that they can go to that are provided for by charitable organizations, but bigger businesses tend to provide hotlines and services for their employees where they can reach out, maybe get help. They've got some mental health issues or some other things that are troubling them. So many big employers will provide help lines, but if you're not one of those big employers that you still want to make sure you're helping your employees, get them, put them in touch with all of these charities and the charitable organizations that will therefore then provide mental health help. I was promoting a site called Mental Health First Aid England, the charity out there. It's got lots of tips and things you can use to work from home, to leave and guide teams. And there are all sorts of charitable organizations out there that you can encourage your teams, your employees, if they need it to reach out to. Definitely, it's difficult because if people are at home, you don't really know how they're feeling. They might put a brave face on in a video call, but once that video call's finished, I mean, especially if someone's living on their own as you touched on before, it can be quite a lonely place and everyone's mood goes up and down. So I mean, it's good to touch base with them individually as often as possible just to make sure people are okay. I think it is, and that can be on an ad hoc basis. Yeah. But also to have something structured. So I think you mentioned that you're having these daily calls with your team. That to me is very important because particularly if you're on your own and perhaps you're not actually engaged in that much virtual work, maybe you're having to do a lot of work actually on your own. If you see nothing that you're sort of preparing for and looking forward to, that can be really tough. So get some time in the calendar, get some social time where maybe it's not a work catch-up. Maybe it's just a catch-up at the end of the week. Perhaps we're going to have virtual cake eating together or something. Yeah, yeah. It's a purely social activity. But get it in the calendar so that people particularly if they're on their own, they know that something is going to be happening for them that they can join. Because otherwise that can feel if you're sort of looking out and there's nothing in sight for you to engage with people in a structured way. That can be really tough. 100%. Also, don't read the papers in the morning. It's like you end up having a diet of negativity before you even start. And there's probably nothing that interesting in the papers right now anyway. And one thing I'm finding quite difficult to get to, although I do tend to read The Economist, which is one of my favorite, is to get news on anything that isn't coronavirus related. Yeah. I'm really trying to seek that out. And particularly things that are happening in other parts of the world. I'm still, I want to know what's going on in the rest of the world. And that can be quite tough when you're in your own country or your own local community, you're hit by such a crisis as we're in now. You're sort of hungry for information of what's going on in your own environment. I so want to know what's going on in the rest of the world still. 100%. I was supposed to be in Cape Town right now, seeing my grandma. And if flights got canceled, obviously they don't want anyone from the UK coming in. But just looking at their response, which is completely different to the UK response and just seeing what's going on, absolutely. The one thing I have really disliked at the moment is my WhatsApp groups.    I know. And I've had a lot of those, not now, but I did have a lot. And I kept going back to anyone who was sending me this, saying, just go and check the fact check, fact check on the BBC website. Yeah. All of these myths that have somebody telling you why they're not true. So I often used to send people back to that. But South Africa, there is a lovely actual video, the acquire in South Africa put together. It's really basic telling people about washing their hands and, you know, how you should, the basic things you should do to keep yourself as safe as possible throughout coronavirus. And it is the most wonderful uplifting song that I've ever come across. Oh, Rita, that's great there.  A lot of people are living in, you know, one room. The virus can spread so quickly. A lot of respiratory diseases. So they've been very, let's call it militant on it, but they've really been able to keep the cases down. They have. But I don't believe you're even allowed out to walk your dog there, which is quite... Well, they are, the army are allowed to shoot. So, and you have to have papers if you're going to the shops and stuff. My grandma, she's 98. And so they've locked down her old age home that she's in now, just keeping it really tight. But, you know, in that society, that's what they've got to do, you know, versus like Sweden, I think they still have the schools open and you can still creep around. They've taken a very different approach and even a very different approach amongst the Nordic countries. Yeah. And they don't, at the moment, they have not had a high prevalence of infection rates. So it's quite extraordinary. And of course, what we'll all do, we'll have hindsight, we'll look back at all of this, but we will learn, learn for the future. And hopefully then the next time something like this happens, we're better prepared. I'll be interesting to see in hindsight if leaders are scrutinised for the decisions they make in this kind of wartime scenario and whether that might stop people making the decisions that they need to make. People are always being scrutinised and criticised. I mean, you've only got to look at the government criticism that has been here about speed of action.  One would hope that people don't deserve to be called a leader, though, if they're not taking any action. And I think by not taking any action, even within your own small environment, small business, that will then be remembered and would be equally criticised. Because even if you might not make all the right decisions, as I said, hindsight's a wonderful thing. But you made decisions and that's what people want to see in leaders that you actually have the courage to go out there and take initiative and show some leadership. Definitely. I wonder whether we're going to learn from this and evolve or do you think we're going to just revert back to the good old ways of policing our planet, consumerism, or are we just going to just take stock and be like, you know what, there's more important things and let's maybe take a slightly different path. We will adjust a little bit. I do believe that. I think we, this will have been a shock and a bit of a wake-up call to people. However, I never cease to be amazed how greed drives so many things. And I was just reading today about margin calls, okay? Thinking about, oh, all of these angry investors and are going to go after, or the banks are going to go after them to get all of the loans that they've given them to invest in things. They're going to want that money back. And oh dear, there's going to be all these lawsuits coming out. I'm thinking, gosh, and I really started to think about this and I thought, what makes people think that they want to borrow money, more money to add to the wealth they already have, to then go and invest in things, hoping to get the benefit out of the upside of that entire investment. And I sort of thought about the principle of thought. Now, that's sort of a certain amount of greed or people just wanting to make more money. And do you think that's really going to go away? I, something in tells me that it's not fundamentally going to disappear from human nature. True. And, but if we could see one levelling out of wealth throughout this, this would be amazing. But I fear again, it's the people at the bottom who have the least who are going to suffer the most. And while we were seeing great strides forward in wealth sharing, so more and more people were being lifted out of poverty. The stats are out there. I do fear that actually this could push many more people back into poverty. And we're going to have to start lifting them out again. So all the wealth gap narrow, I don't think this is going to do that. I think it's almost going to do the opposite for a while. Yeah. Well, if you employed at the moment, you're more wealthy than you were before because everything's cheaper and you're not spending any money and no one wants to go out for dinner with you or lunch. If you're unemployed now, it's tough. Absolutely. And I think we'll see more and more people become unemployed as you know, as this goes on over the next like few years. But hopefully people step in and support them. I mean, there are some companies hiring as if they need it. Amazon sales have gone through the roof and I think they're hiring 100,000 people over the UK and Europe. Some of the supermarkets, I think they've had to, I think they're up like 25% sales or something like that. So, you know, there's jobs that you can get if you need it and if you're in that part of the economy. And the National Health Service I've seen advertising in the UK to get people to take a career to actually start a career. And so, yes, there are places where people are looking to hire right now. But for me, the sad thing is the innovation that was coming through with some of the entrepreneurs starting out on their own little business, right now, some of them will have had a real knockback. And I hope that they can then go through this, come out strong and come back with their innovative ideas and don't give up on some of the great ideas. Definitely, no, definitely. Well, I mean, my wife actually works in the NHS so it's been quite interesting. She's actually contributing to society right now, much more than I do. And she's on the front line. And it's interesting, I mean, they're trying to get more protective equipment. There's a really lovely lady I'm speaking to this week who works at Birmingham University and she is developing with Kings and like a silicon-based mask that they can 3D print specifically for your face. So there's some amazing things going on. And despite all of this bad stuff that's going, it feels like it's putting the country together a lot more. Because when we first met and the Brexit stuff, the country felt more divided than ever in a very polarised and now we've all got this shared experience and hopefully the silver lining is that it just brings everyone closer. And I hope that goes across national boundaries though because the moment or over the past few weeks, a lot of the countries were doing different things and they were sort of locking themselves in and not necessarily wanting to share with each other. So within communities, however the communities are defined, that community spirit has come to the fore. But beyond that, big sort of boundaries and walls have been created to a certain extent, haven't they? People not wanting to share or wanting to make sure that they're making their own decisions. They don't want to have copied someone else's decision. And in business, that's what we do all the time. We're always copying each other. Yeah, yeah, absolutely. You know, sort of collectively. And for some reason, countries have been, some countries anyway, have been a little reluctant to actually copy other countries, haven't they? It's been a very, very interesting thing to watch. You know, you're right. I think we'll get out of this as a world, you know, as a group of humans, rather than as individual countries or cities or are you right? We'll see how that develops. We'll meet you. I hope you stay safe and healthy. And I look forward to seeing you soon. Once all this is over. Okay, thank you very much. Thanks for listening. Hey, folks, thanks for listening. 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Hello everybody, I'm EvilRabbit. We're here on a set of courses at Deals Gap. If you guys remember, we did the king of the dragon in a race car. Well, today we're bringing out a street car because it's more likely to see on Deals Gap. We do have a 2022 WRX that we're going to be going full send with. It's made sure you guys follow me on all social media. All are found in the description box below. So we're going to go full send in this WRX. We're going to make sure we get up full speed here to get as fast as possible speed going through this start cone. There we go. Probably want to go in the second through there. So obviously we probably will not be as fast as the GTR, but this will give a more realistic street time. A little bit of field tow action. I thought we could stand third there, but probably not. Push it wide, get back on the road. I know it is a rally car in a sense, but I'm trying to make it the fastest possible time in this car. That's a bit of a lock up. Got it banging through the gears here. This car does sound really awesome. I love the sound of Seabroos utilizing as much of the road as possible. Lock up there. Kind of running the gutters on there. Need to raise my wheel setup up a little bit. Oh, got a little skatey there. Kind of got to run in this thing. Stay in second gear though. I'm feeling we're going to be able to make a pretty decent time with this. Oh, as I say that, we almost end up in the woods. We almost ended up in the woods. Definitely a fun road. Oh, I got a little skatey under braking. A little bit of almost dirt love there. Run that one out. Pulls that one. That's out in second though. This is 104 degrees on the outside and apparently it lists a 97.7 and it's 452 according to that giant tablet that's in the middle of this car. We're at a 636 with the GTR. There's no way we're going to beat a 636. If we beat a 636 with this WRX, I'm going to have to come back and redo. Oh, there's, oh boy. There's a, there's a big crash. It was bound to happen at least once. I'm feeling a little bit of a damage going on right now. Trying to focus myself back into a rhythm here. I was going to be 636. Oh, this car is a lot of fun to drive though. Trying to, like I said, utilize all the course. So this is going to be the base set for a street car. Oh, we almost died. I said no way because I know where we are on course. Actually getting close to the end.  Touge battles on. It's a pretty long Touge battle though. A few more turns here if my memory is correct. Oh, hard hit there through that section. Yep, coming up. Getting close to the finish. Almost going into the, into the woods. Skating under braking. Here's our finish line. A 728. A very respectable time though. 728 with the WRX. So if you guys like this, you guys want to keep seeing more or another street car you want to see take on WRX time of a 728. Let me know down in the comment section down below. As always, I thank you guys for coming back and watching. I'm EvilRabbit. I'll see you guys on the track.


Hi, this is Russell Stanoff from teachertrainingvideos.com I've got videos on my YouTube channel about Zoom that have been played 450,000 times and there's a few that have been played more than a hundred thousand times and I get loads and loads of questions about the settings. So what I've decided to do is to show you the 10 most important things to know about the settings, the ones that will answer most of your questions and if you work through these settings, it will probably really help you when you're doing your Zoom sessions to know exactly what you've set up and why it works this way. So I'm going to go through the settings and explain why each one's important. 10 of the most important really hope you like the video and if you do please like it, please share it and of course please comment on it. Let's get going. So don't forget your settings are here.  If you click here it will take you down and that will take you even further and this will take you to the basic settings. I'm going to start from the beginning. Okay, the most important thing and number one that I'm going to focus on straight away is the waiting room. Make sure you've got your waiting room on. That means that the students will be in the waiting room but did you realize that you can customize your waiting room and if you click here you can add up your own logo and you can also leave a little message so that people know, okay, yes, I'm in the right place. So really good first tip set a waiting room up. That means you've got more control about who comes into your room. Secondly, put up a little logo that will help them to understand that they are in the right place and thirdly, leave a little message for them as well. Second important setting, make sure that the host video is on definitely when the video session starts when the Zoom session starts but you might want not to have the students or participants videos come on instantly. There could be lots of reasons for that particularly if you've got a really big group of students and you don't want everyone to connect with their videos because it can slow down the delivery of the session. So here you can set that so that they have to actually turn their videos on and you may be encouraging them not to do that if you don't want them to use the videos at the beginning of the Zoom session. Now, you also have the same setting mute or pass its participants when they join a meeting.  Again, it does depend on what you're planning on doing. Generally, I like to have the audio on so immediately people can communicate with you and you can welcome them. But as I've said, if I've got particularly a big group, I don't have the videos on. This is a really important setting. Make sure that you've got the chat on so that you can then send message to students. I turn private chat off so students can't communicate with each other. If they're going to communicate has to be to the whole class or to me. And a really useful setting is auto saving chats. Turn that on. That can be really useful because it means that when you finish the lesson, all your chats are saved. Now, let me quickly show you where your chats will be saved on your computer. So if you're working on a PC, everything to do with Zoom will be saved in your documents under Zoom. And if you see here, you can see loads and loads of presentations. And if I come down and click on any of them, as soon as I come into them, you'll see that it will include the chat because I've automatically got the chat saved. This is the same place that all your recordings will also be saved. So it's really useful to know that the chat window, the interactive whiteboards, if you work with them and the actual recordings of the Zoom sessions are all saved in that part in documents, Zoom, and it's all there. And it's obviously dated for easy access. I just want to quickly point out to you if you like this video and you want more videos about Zoom, then come over to teachertrainingvideos.com. There's a great section on Zoom with loads and loads of videos. And if you want to keep up with my work, the best thing to do is to sign up to the newsletter. You get updated with all the blog posts I write or the new videos I make, the online courses and the webinars. Right, let's get back to the training. This can be a useful button. Make sure you've got file transfer on so that means that you can share files with your students and you can share them in the chat window. But one thing you may want to do is to make sure that you kind of set a maximum file size because you may want to do that, particularly if you're allowing participants to also share files. So you can click here and set a maximum size that can be really useful if you're worried about students sending huge, great files across or via the chat window. So keep in mind that you can set that. I have to say that most of the time I don't set that. However, I'm not working with really young students. It's useful to know it's there. It's very likely that you're going to have co-hosts, particularly if you're doing a big session and it's a good idea then to turn that on. And remember that co-hosts will have the same controls as a host so they can create breakout rooms, etc. Meeting polls and many people ask me, Russell, I haven't got polls on the screen. That's because you haven't got it set in your settings. Turn that on. Remember any setting that you create from then on every single time you create a Zoom, it will follow all your settings. Turn that on and that will allow you on the fly if you want to create very quick polls that you can then use with your students when you're doing your session. Now, I'm not going to focus on this button because it only functions with very latest versions of Zoom. It's very interesting. It's the ability to be able to show your Zoom window when you're working in screen sharing. Now, this is ideal for anyone who's doing training around Zoom. And I will do a video about this in the future. So just keep that in mind, but I'm not including it in today's session. This control here, well, you can set it here that you can only only the host can share their screen. But obviously when you're in the presentation, you can change that by clicking on advanced settings, particularly if you want someone else to screen share. But I always start with this in the off position. So when it comes to screen sharing, set it so that only the host can screen share, but you can change that during the session if you want someone else to do screen sharing. This setting is so important that I've done a separate video about it and it's on the screen now and you can click on it and watch that. Really useful to understand the difference between screen sharing and application or screen sharing your desktop. And that's what that video covers. A lot of people email me to say, Russell, I can't stop my students annotating on the screen. Well, yes, you can because you can click on this button here and only the user who is sharing can annotate. And that means that no one else, apart from the person who's screen sharing, can annotate. Now, obviously, there are some people that like to have annotations on for everybody, particularly if you're working with young learners. I myself have experienced it and don't find it that useful. I tend to prefer to only allow myself to be the person that can annotate. This is a really important button that teachers often overlook. Make sure you've got that set to on. You want to be able to use your interactive whiteboards when students are working in groups, you want them to be able to save what they've created. In fact, what you can do here is allow the students to be able to save their interactive whiteboards, particularly when they're working in breakout rooms. And also here, make sure that you auto save your interactive whiteboards notes, etc. And again, that will be in exactly the same place as the chat, as the recordings, etc. Breakout rooms obviously vital. You want to be able to use breakout rooms and it's a really nice idea as well. If you like to organize your breakout rooms before the session, but you need some information to be able to do this, you can choose this option and it will allow you therefore to upload a text file so that you can organize your students into breakout rooms. But the trouble is you need specific information about your students to make that possible. So generally, I don't use that. But obviously, you want to have your breakout rooms on and many times people have said to me, Russell, I don't have a breakout rooms button. A few quick ones here that are really worth knowing meeting reactions. You want that on so that students can use emojis to react and respond. I don't allow people that I've removed to join the presentation again. And they'll go back into the waiting room if they try to come in anyway. And I do allow students to obviously rename themselves. It's often a big problem when people log in using a different someone else's device. And so they should be able to roll over their names in the participant list and change their names. If you like the idea of using the virtual backgrounds, I have a curtain so it doesn't really affect me, but you can turn that on here. That can be a useful setting as well. And one that many people ask me about.   Most of the time when I do a recording, I save it on my computer and then I upload it to YouTube and share the link. There is a limited amount of space on the cloud that you get with a Zoom account.  It kind of saves you time in a way because what you can do is click on this option here and then once the video is loaded onto the cloud, then you can share the link with the students and immediately they can access the video, whereas what I tend to do a lot is actually save the video on my computer. Then I have to upload it onto YouTube. Then I have to share the link. So it does make the process a little bit quicker. Obviously, the difference is you are saving the video on the Zoom cloud rather than saving your video on YouTube. OK, you really hope you like that video. Please come over to teachertrainingvideos.com if you want more videos. We've got a special section on Zoom with loads of different videos. Some of them have been very popular. If you want to follow my work, sign up to the newsletter. That way you'll be updated with all the new videos that come out. The online courses I've run, the webinars I run, the blog posts I write. You can also subscribe to my YouTube channel, but don't forget to click on the bell so that you get updated when new videos come out. And if you are thinking of inviting me to do some training with your organisation, doing lots of work around Camtasia, Zoom, Moodle, etc. Then please contact me and you can do that from the website. And thank you very much.