TheCube at EMC World 2014 is brought to you by EMC. Redefine, VCE, innovating the world's first converged infrastructure solution for private cloud computing. Brocade, say goodbye to the status quo and hello to Brocade. Welcome back, Jeff Frick here at theCUBE. We are at EMC World 2014, day three of wall to wall coverage. We've had so much demand for CUBE here in our fifth year at EMC World that we actually have two CUBEs. We're double the pleasure, double the insight, double the fun, and double the guests that we can invite onto theCUBE and bring you some of the field for what's going on at the show and also some of the insight. And one thing that's important about these shows is we talk a lot about business and helping business and making money and doing things more efficiently. But as we always talk, it's people processing tech and people are involved. And a lot of the shows now are, they do a lot of good things for people and some of the stuff is more open than other times. So here at the middle of the show where we are on the forum, one of the most popular things, the biggest line that's been going on for days and days and days was over at the Charity Water. So we wanted to ask the team over from Charity Water to come on theCUBE, tell us what's going on and bring a little bit of the story of what some of the good things EMC's doing beyond just helping businesses be more popular. So we're happy to welcome Kuchin Wong, McKenna Cunningham onto theCUBE, we've been working over there managing huge lines for days and days and days. So welcome to theCUBE. I want to give us a little update for the folks at home as to what's happening over at the Charity Water. Sure, great. Thanks for having us, Jeff. I've been working at the EMC GizBak booth as you've seen and EMC GizBak is a new corporate initiative. Within EMC we have this internal saying that we're all about the people. So we've had a legacy of doing sort of social impact and charity work throughout the company and we're a big company, upwards of probably 60,000 people by my last count. And we've had people, sort of divisions, teams sort of doing their own thing, no rhyme or reason. They just wanted to do some good. I'm in the marketing department. We've had marketing GizBak for several years under Jeremy Burton. And at one point it came up that maybe there's something more we could do if we all rallied behind a single cause. So that's where EMC GizBak comes in. So this is gonna be a new biannual program where we sort of select a charity in the spring and then one in the fall. So this is our pilot program. We've partnered with Charity Water because we really believe that clean water is just a basic need that people need. And the global water crisis is really important. There's 800 million people who don't have access to clean water. 800 million out of 7 billion total right in the world. Exactly, so it's a real urgent need and that's something we want to focus on first and foremost. So that's a little bit of the history about EMC GizBak. Okay, so that's great. So then you want to go out and execute something. So what have you put together over there that's got the lines bending down those, down in a rainbow? Absolutely, so I mentioned that EMC GizBak sort of started as this internal program, but then it was like, okay, we're all about the people. How do we get customers or partners involved? EMC World's coming up, let's do something. Let's make a donation. For every person that's doing this water walk, we're going to unlock $5 to Charity Water to go toward building wells in Ethiopia. So I'll tell you a little bit more about that. The experience of the water walk is to give people a sense of what women and children every day have to do to get water from a clean water source to their villages. So they're walking about, on average, three hours a day. Three hours? Yeah, and each of these jerry cans filled, which people are carrying, are 40 pounds on either side, 80 pounds total, but you're only doing it for 30 seconds. Right. Being a woman or a child and all that time away from your home, being productive, going to school, it's a really scary thing. So when Charity Water builds these wells, it cuts that walking time from three hours to 30 minutes. Wow.  It's super simple.  Yeah, so it depends. Three hours is kind of the average time and it's not uncommon to hear of people walking for eight hours. I mean, that's time and back.  Right. Oftentimes actually here it's a bit shorter, so we have the ante of it, but 10 gallons is the amount that a family will use on average for all their needs. So for drinking water, for washing themselves, for tending to their gardens, and that's a very limited amount. Here in the States we use 40 gallons or more every day per person, per family. So that's kind of a bit up the ante, but you'll often see women and children in the field carrying them on the small of their back with a strap across their shoulders and walking that distance with that weight. I have holding it. Wow. So it's interesting to see people here do the water walk. You have these big, strong mangs, six feet tall, and they'll do the 30 feet, and they're just like, this is hard.  Every day. So it's something, you know, it's an experience that stays with you.  So it's nice for EMC to be part of the solution. Right. And a big shout out to the organizers here at the show. Simple water here. They've had water all over the show for the whole three days. Buckets of clean water for us.  And everyone gets dehydrated at these shows. So that's been good. So talk a little bit about how much money you're raising, who's given the money, and then what that money's going to be used for. Sure. So as I mentioned before, EMC had this goal of $5 per person that does the water walk with a goal in mind of $10,000 unlocked per day. Okay. And that would go toward four wells in Ethiopia because it costs $10,000 to build one well, which will go to serve 250 people in a community in Ethiopia for years to come. So I'm really proud to announce that as of day two, last night, we've been able to unlock close to $50,000, which is going to go to five wells in Ethiopia. Awesome. So that has exceeded our goal. And in part, that's thanks to Brocade's lump sum donation of $25,000 to help us out. So we actually have the booth open through the end of EMC Worlds on Thursday. So hopefully we'll be able to unlock another one or two booths. Oh, that's awesome. One or two wells. Yeah, if you're at the show, you're watching live. Make sure you stop by. It's right by the social lounge and the alumni lounge and the big, giant, big screen with all the beanbag chairs. You get a sticker on your badge. Yeah, just like that. You get the sticker, very nice.  That's terrific. Great programs, great to give back. It's nice for the customers to be able to contribute as well as the partners. Yeah, just the feedback we've been getting has been amazing from customers and partners. They're thanking us personally for EMC doing something like this. Some people want to actually walk around multiple times to unlock as much as they can to our charity water. It's been really great.  So when someone says that to you, that's just incredible. And now you're sort of working in high tech and you're a sales guy. You're probably living in a most Western world where you can really think back to your childhood and to see how people have it, where you just turn on a tap and it's just a very different experience. Yeah, that's funny. I just met a guy before we came in outside at a great accident. He said good morning. He's like, great accident, where are you from? He's from Nigeria. Where are you from? I asked kind of boring, just San Francisco area, not that far. So no, that must be really meaningful for them to see kind of both sides of the equation to be able to give back. That's great. So we're gonna take the next charity for the next half of the year. We're gonna wait and hold that for later. Yeah, so the theme is gonna be food. So we're gonna try to maybe localize it a little bit for the different offices that we have globally to partner with a local food bank. They wanna have EMC World to Leverage. So that's a little bit different model. But I think we're committed to water and we'll hopefully do something similar again for EMC World next year. Awesome. Yeah. Any final words for when we cut out? Yeah, this is really good for you guys to take the time to give back and take time out of your day jobs. I don't know. Got your real titles up on the screen, but really it's all about the charity water today. Yeah. McHenry, do you wanna talk a little bit about Scott actually? Yeah, so Scott is our founder and CEO and he's going to be here keynoting on Thursday morning. All right. We'll be serving breakfast. What time on Thursday? Give a little plug. Great, so it's at 8.30, I believe. Yeah, so it is 8.30, Thursday morning. When everyone, you'll just have to make a quick recovery from that Imagine Dragons concert on Wednesday night. But it's a fantastic talk and I hope that everyone can make it out there. Yeah, we were trying to get Scott on, but unfortunately the timing just didn't work out. So last word is if people aren't here wanna contribute, either they were touched by the $5 thing or they're not here and they'd like to contribute, where can they go to help? Great, so they can either come to the booth and see me or they can also visit mycharitywater.org. Backslash EMC gives back. Awesome, well thanks for coming on. I really appreciate it. Good luck on blowing the goal away over the next couple of days and get a couple more wells built. So we're on the Cube, we're at EMC World 2014. Day three of wall to wall coverage and not one but two cubes so we can get more guests on, bringing you the action for what's going on here on the show. We'll be right back with our next guest after this short break. I'm Jeff Frick, you're on the Cube.


These are two real patients diagnosed with the autoimmune disease lupus when they were less than three years old So their immune system has turned against their own tissues. In the case of Julia, her disease mainly It's damaging her joints and brain. In the case of Carmen, the disease is affecting the kidneys and heart So there is a range of ways in which lupus can manifest because it can be caused by many different Immune pathways that makes it very difficult for us to develop a cure or even effective therapies for lupus And the sad truth is that we do not have cures for any of the over 80 autoimmune diseases that collectively affect 5% of the population. In these cases like Julia and Carmen We are treating them with drug after drug blindly until if we are lucky one drug makes a difference These drugs are often toxic and expensive and the problem is that we do not understand the specific defects in cells or Molecules that are causing their disease. So if we could find the specific mutations in their genomes responsible for the disease It would not be that difficult to find a drug that might Specifically correct the problem. In the case of the immune system We are fortunate because there's a large number of drugs that are on the shelf And we could use if we could predict which patient would respond to which drug So what cost nearly a billion dollars and took 15 years to do? Sequencing the first human genome is now possible in just a few days Thanks to a blue sky research discovery a new and fast and cheap way of sequencing called next generation sequencing Which we have used to establish a molecular diagnosis for Carmen and Julia in the case of Julia It was pretty straightforward She had a mutation in a known protein that we understood the function So it was relatively simple for us to generate the mutated protein in the laboratory and establish and prove that the mutation made It lose its function So then we could know of a drug that would be more effective and less toxic than the combination of drugs that she's currently on The case of Carmen is more complicated. We found a mutation likely to cause her disease But we didn't really know how that protein worked So in this case in order to understand the disease and find an effective drug We need to come up with an additional highly specialized research tool a mouse model that carries the same mutation as Carmen does Again, what seemed impossibly difficult to do is now possible. Thanks to another blue sky research discovery a genome editing tool called CRISPR that allows us to cut the DNA and substitute any letter of the three billion letters that constitute the human genome and We have been able to do that. We now have a line of mice that are born with the same genetic defect as that of Carmen we now can use these mice to understand the disease and In the next few months or years We could probably understand how the mutation causes disease and identify a drug that might be effective So in the old approach, we used to start with spontaneous mouse models that developed lupus and find drugs that cured the mice Not surprisingly because the mice were not based on real mutations found in real patients These drugs have not been effective in treating humans the new approach we select severe cases identify the precise mutations and Generate bespoke mouse models of disease that we can use to understand how disease develop and how we treat them So one of our worries is that these approach is far too costly for developing countries Which generally lack the infrastructure to perform this whole genome sequencing and to analyze it another worry is that the process is long It takes my lab even several years sometimes to identify to understand how each mutation works Even after we've successfully made the personalized mouse model to complicate things further It is likely that there will be a long list of genes that will be responsible for autoimmune disease And that the disease might require more than one gene to be mutated So the likelihood that any two patients will have the same gene or combination of genes is very small So is this feasible? Well, we think it is because once we've understood a few severe cases like those of Carmen and Julia It is likely that we have we will have found unique characteristics of their disease that are shared by their mouse models for example an excess amount of proteins or Substances in the blood we call these biomarkers So then we can use these biomarkers to screen large cohorts of patients and we can then Stratify them into subgroups that have a similar cause of disease overcoming the need of making or Sequencing their genomes or making additional mouse models And then we can treat these groups of patients with drugs that we have found to be effective for each disease cause So in summary we select severe cases of disease Identify mutations that are putatively cause of disease Generate the bespoke mouse models and identify drugs that can be used to treat the patient along the way We find biomarkers that we can use to screen larger cohorts Divide them into subgroups that can then be treated with pathway targeted therapy So the process is complex. It's challenging. It's risky But we do think that it has the potential to transform some of these chronic diseases and Improve the lives of many and that's why I love doing it. Thank you


Hello everyone in this video. I'm going to introduce to you some new terms that we're going to be using throughout the semester or one new term which is Abstract data type. Okay, so you've already encountered data types and we've started talking about data structures But these three things kind of live together in harmony, and I want to make sure that we Kind of orient our brains around what these different things are because it's again It's going to be terms we use over and over But before we get into that The good news is we're basically done with new Python stuff, right? Like classes and objects That's like the last big Python thing you're going to learn As long as you've used dictionaries if you've not used dictionaries we'll come into them But there's nothing else really that's new However, there are probably some concepts that you've encountered before That are going to be really important for you to now understand whereas maybe before we glossed over them One of them is the concept of none in Python. Okay So I got some code here grab this code copy and paste it into an editor And I'm going to switch over there and talk about it. Let's see right here Let's get this big on the screen for you. There we go All right, so this is the code from the slide. All right, this is just demonstration code now What does this code do? Okay? I've got a function up here that takes an item and a list and It starts at the beginning of the list and it says if item equals X Return the index. Okay? otherwise increase the index by one and Keep going. Okay, so this is saying all right. Tell me where in this list that an item exists So for example 120984 exists that index zero one two three So that's what I expect to see here, right? But now when I call get index 9999 this thing isn't here Well trace that through the code. What's gonna happen? Okay? Well, what's gonna happen? Well, let's run it first of all First I get three Right because this item is at index three zero one two three and then I get none Okay, printing. I'm printing at oh and none capital N. Very important Why did I get none? Right? You'll notice up here This function. It's only return statement is right here, right? If I find the item in the list return something Otherwise keep going keep looping. Well, when does this loop end? It ends when I've inspected everything in the list and once I've inspected everything in the list But I haven't found it What does this code do? Well from our tracing exercise the loop will Will come to this and it'll say I don't have anything more in a list Jump over to the end of the loop, which is basically down here But there's nothing there. So what happens? Well, Python says, oh, I've reached the end of the function Let me just get out of it. Let me return Well, Python does in fact return something Right here if you don't return out of a function Python will automatically return none for you Okay, this happens for every function So I don't even have to write it Python just does it So that's why I'm getting none here. Okay, none is a really important Concept though.  It's mad because this value is none Because 9 9 9 9 isn't in the list and it just returns none by default when it exits the function None minus one Doesn't mean anything to Python. That's what it's saying. Okay So when you see this none type in an error message, that's what they're talking about I mean something you're working with is actually giving you this very special value called none. Okay, you need to Be kind of familiar with what none is think of it like true and false right true True has a special meaning false has a special meaning none also has a special meaning. It means no value It's a value that means no value. There's nothing there if you come from Java land or C++ land This is null in those languages. Okay So none is a building constant and it's used to represent absence of value again. Think of it like a true false and then none right You can use it as a value like you can check to see if a variable points to none if nothing comes back Actually, let me show you that Get back to my code, right? So the second function returns none, right? you can use none in like conditional checks if Get index is None, this is the way we check for these special values if get index is none You should also get in the habit of using is true or is false. This only applies to true false and none Okay, you would not be wrong to do Equal equal none. That's okay, too, right? But pie charms gonna warn you that's not what you should do You should do is but you only use is for true false and none That's it. You don't do equally if you're comparing numbers. You don't do it if getting index is none print Couldn't find the thing else print It's there Couldn't find the thing, right? So this is returning the value none and then you can do a comparison with it Okay, you can compare to none Equal equal works. It's just not quite dogmatically correct. All right, so By default Python functions and methods return none if you do not specify a return value Okay, so we are gonna leverage that in future assignments, but just start wrapping your head around now what none means Okay, let's go back We're talking about this lecture is about abstract data types data types and data structures We talked we've been talking about how the Python list data type is Implemented with an array list data structure So the list the data type is a class in Python and the data Structure is how that class kind of arranges its information. Okay You don't have any control over how Python's list works But we are gonna write our own data types our own classes that do control How the data is arranged internally and that'll give us some benefits and some drawbacks Okay, so let's introduce the concept of an abstract data type or ADT ADTs are conceptual things. They are all Cross-computing across all languages and computing if you walk up to a programmer and you say For example one ADT is a stack. We'll talk about stacks next if you walk up to a programmer Who's only ever written code in C++ and Java.  They're part of computing and usually they solve around a particular problem Different ADTs do different things well And ADT has a collection of data its state, right? These are abstract terms and Behavior, which are its operations things that manipulate the data. Okay. All right, so what does that sounds a lot? Like our definition of a data type that we've had before and it is one's abstract. It's a concept It's up in the clouds somebody thought of it The data type thing that distinguishes an abstract data type from a concrete data type or just data type or type or class Is that a data type is an implementation of an ADT in a language? So Python has a list data type Java has a list data type C++ has a list data type and they are different But they all kind of behave similarly Okay, the data structure now is how inside the data type the information is organized That's what we really will care about throughout the remainder of this course How are we organizing the data to solve problems? But this is the lingo. This is the structure the lowest level Inside the memory. How do we organize the data? That's the data structure next level up The concrete class that we use to solve a problem. That's a data type Finally the highest level the abstract data type just What is this thing that solves problems and what can it do? Okay, so you have been working with an abstract data type and ADT But we didn't call it that Your very first one is what we call the unordered list ADT An unordered list in computing not just in Python and computing is a collection of items where each item Holds a relative position with respect to the others This is what Python's list type implements. Okay This is the abstract data type. You can find it also in Java and in other languages Okay, but it's just a collection of items. That's a useful thing to have in computing a collection of items where each one is In a relative position to another. Okay, that's neat. It's a list. That's a Very useful very basic kind of abstract data type. It's an unordered list Because the position of the items in the list is not determined by the value the list isn't sorted it anyway The positions of the items depend on how you you added them into the list. Did you append them? Did you insert them? What did you do? But they're not sorted, right? They're not ordered in any way so an Unordered list right what can you do with an unordered list abstract data type in any language an unordered list Should be able to add and remove items by value append items to the end Insert and remove at a specific index Tell you how big it is or if it's empty and you should be able to search an unordered list Again, these are general concepts of what you can do with a list, right? And you could do this with a list that you had on a sheet of paper Yeah, remove the fifth item in the list search for see if Bob is on my sheet of paper. These are abstract concepts now Python lists that Data type takes these concepts and and actually writes code to do it, right? you are going to and Next week make your own unordered list. You're gonna make a list that behaves almost exact that does Exactly what a Python list does But it works very differently You're gonna write the code for it and what we're gonna find out is a It's hard to do but be your list is gonna be way better than Python's list for certain very specific things And then Python's list is gonna be way better than your list for other specific things, okay? All right on ordered list is the ADT general things you can do with a list Python's list data type Concrete implementation of the unordered list in Python and then finally the array-based list There's really nitty-gritty details of how things are stored in continuous blocks of memory and how the arithmetic works for looking up items by index That's the data Structure, okay, so we are going to talk in the rest of the videos for this week about other ADTs That build upon the array list data structure and we're gonna create these ADTs and in your homework you're gonna use them to solve different problems, okay? So these three ADTs we're gonna talk about are the stack the queue and the deck and they use a List data structure internally but on the surface at a higher level they behave differently, okay? so These are basically structures where you can keep a collection of items, but the order of them is Matters and where things are kept matters, okay, so We are gonna talk about each one of these in turn in the coming videos


I'm healthy. I'm healthy right now. I'm tired, but I'm healthy. And again, what I'm hoping is I'm making deposits. Everyone, dropping the volume down a little bit today was going to go further, decided to drop it down. Why? Because I'm tired and the legs are barking at me and I'm just listening to the body, right? That's how we do it around here. So, but we will talk about the four 100 mile weeks back to back to back here in a little bit. How's your breakfast doing? Oh man, I wish I could partake in that right now, but I got to go run. All right. Love you, hon. Chow chow. All right. I'll be back in about an hour getting, getting ready for the live stream in case you missed it, everyone, the, uh, whoo, here we go. Here we go. So we did a live stream yesterday afternoon, 1pm upper right hand corner in case you missed it. We talked. Don't tell me anything type of live stream. So I'm bringing, bringing shoes out. We're getting ready. Here we go. Okay. You haven't really, hold on one second, haven't really seen the studio from this angle in a little while. This is where the, the camera sits right here in the corner shooting this way. All right. So that's how, that's how we do it here in here in the studio. All right. Getting set up. Oh yeah. Gotta go get the computer. Okay. Okay. Okay. Here we go. The computer literally sits on top of shoeboxes. Almost forgot my tea. Can't do a live stream without the tea. All right. Nah. Nah. We're ready to go live. All right. Here we go. Test 1, 2, 3. Test, test, test. Test 1, 2, 3. Test, test, test. Test 1, 2, 3. And we're back for the live stream. That was fun, everyone. Oh my goodness. If my voice sounds a little hoarse, it's because I just spoke for the last hour. And also, I hope you enjoyed seeing me set up the live stream here in the studio, give you a little behind the scenes and, oh man, and shout out to the, I think a thousand people tuned in over the course of an hour. That's absolutely amazing. And a lot, it was an ask me anything live stream. Sometimes actually most of the time we do topic based live streams. This was an ask me anything. So we covered the Tokyo Olympics coming up. We talked, maybe we talked about training in the time of the coronavirus. We talked about marathon training plans. We talked about running shoes, my trail running shoes especially because as the snow begins to melt in the Northern Hemisphere at least, I think everyone is excited to get back out onto those trails. So it was a great time. And again, shout out to, and again, shout out to the super chats. Oh my goodness. Help support the channel in a big, big way. All right. Here is the deal, everyone. I just completed kind of crazy, but the highest volume of training in my entire life over the course of a month. All right. Now let me break this down for you. I am still considering myself and putting myself into the rookie category with respect to marathon racing and training, all right. On the roads, all right. I have a lot more experience with trail running and training for marathons and ultramarathons on the trails, but on the roads, oh, hold on, and I'm back. I just had to change the settings on the camera. I'm done. I'm done with this light. I've been saving money, pinching pennies. I'm going, maybe, I think today. I think today is the day I'm going to buy a dome light for here in the studio. I'm just so tired of this, this light is overheating. So anyway, enough of that. Okay, back to my highest volume ever is that I would not feel comfortable running at 100 plus mile weeks, and here it is on your screen, okay. Five weeks in a row, 100 mile plus weeks, solid, solid month of training. Again, I've never done this before where I've held 100 plus mile weeks for this amount of time. Very exciting for me. Again, building that aerobic engine that I'm always talking about, so it's unfortunate now that I can't race in an actual race, but that's okay. We'll still do the DeMor global running virtual race on April 19th, but I wouldn't feel comfortable doing this type of volume without my experience at the University of Colorado, where we were high volume runners. Also, my ultra running background, where I was training at 90 to 110 miles a week with high vertical, all right. But there are some lessons that I've learned over the past month with high volume of training and it connects back to Cleveland, the Cleveland Marathon from spring 2019. So if you've been watching the channel for over a year, shout out to you, you're a long dedicated fan. I appreciate it, is that my training block for the Cleveland Marathon was 20 weeks. It was my first marathon on the roads. I got maybe a little over ambitious. It was too long. It was just way too long, and for those that don't know, I ended up getting a stress reaction in the second or third metatarsal on the top of my foot, meaning my bone was a slight crack in the bone, because my volume was high for too long. And then fast forwarding to this marathon training block with Hamburg, I was discerning, trying to figure out, gosh, just back in January, which is like a snap of the finger, I decided on a 14 week training block, all right, 14 weeks, so a little over about three and a half months. I felt good about it, but now here's the trick. I am, after five weeks of 100 plus mile weeks, my legs, I can officially say are tired. They're tired, everyone. It takes a lot to get my body and my legs tired, but I can officially say, if you've been following the runs over the past five days on Strava, you can tell I'm running slower and I'm running slower. Like I just, I'm trying to absorb the training. Now I did run really hard on Wednesday, I get it, but at the end of the day, my legs are tired and so I'm now discerning the future for, I guess it'll be, yeah, it'll be New York City in the future, 14 weeks actually is not enough of a training block for me. I'm now going to bump it up. I do believe it's either going to be 15, but most likely 16 weeks, and this is the big lesson for me. Why 16 weeks and not 14 weeks? I want one more week at the beginning of the training block to build up my volume a little slower. Okay? All right? And, and I want to make sure, and I got a bookmark of this blog to make sure I remember, I want to make sure I remember to build in that down week in my training in around, I don't know yet exactly, but I think like six or seven weeks out from race day, meaning I dropped my volume down. I didn't do that, I wish I would have, but I want those two extra weeks to work with.  If you're training for your first marathon or maybe fall 2020 or spring 2021, this is, and again, I'm just communicating what I'm literally learning in real time because I'm listening to the body and dropping volume, I'm sorry, adapting my training, well, it's too late in this training block, but for the future, adapting my training block from 14 to 16 weeks, slower buildup in mileage, and then make sure I have that down week. All right? And one other lesson before we get to that question of the day is that I think many of you have probably figured out that I'm a little bit of a risk taker. I like taking what I tell myself are calculated risks. So the high volume for this amount of time, yeah, it's a little bit of a calculated risk. Why? Because of my injury history. Now, I'm healthy. I'm healthy right now. I'm tired, but I'm healthy. And again, what I'm hoping is I'm making deposits every day into that aerobic bank account. All right? It's all about that aerobic bank account. Why? Because, yes, it's going to be fun to race, race on April 19th, but it's really, frankly, at this point, everyone, I'm putting bank deposits in for the aerobic system for New York City for, I know it's about six months from now on, I think it's November 1st, the New York City Marathon. So calculated risks is another lesson that I want to pass on to you and it's a balance and yes, sometimes the calculated risk will not work. Just being really frank with you and it didn't work for Cleveland, but I would say it did work for Amsterdam even though I went out too fast in that race. It did work in the sense that I ran a half-marathon PR and ran a pretty good first road marathon of 223. Okay. I'm stopping there. And that question of the day, here we go. And listen, I do a lot of talking. I appreciate you listening here in the studio, but I think this is a really important time to scroll down, scroll down, however you're scrolling on your phone, scroll down to the comments. All right? So here we go. This is, in the last two years, one of the biggest lessons that you have learned and maybe it's from a mistake, okay? And that's okay. All right? Calculated risks. Again, sometimes they work, sometimes they don't work, but what is a lesson you have learned from your training over the past two years? You might have to hit pause and think, reflect, maybe open Strava and start scrolling through all of your training and just see, oh yeah, that didn't quite work. Oh, this worked really well. So that is the goal right now is for you to go down into the comments and just start jumping into those conversations so we can help each other get better and train well and train smart and reach our goals. Okay, everyone, you're the best. Oh, man, we're going to toss it back, yes, to the Amsterdam marathon right there, right there. Amsterdam marathon, my first marathon. And in case you haven't seen it, man, so many, so many great lessons from that raise. All right? Thanks for watching. See beauty, work hard, and love each other. See you tomorrow.


Welcome folks, this is the 4PM market update with Jacob Shoup. Let's take a look where we're closing right now. The S&P 500 at 4,449, very sideways, the ES is closing at 4,501, that is sideways as well. The Jones Industrial closing at about 6 points. We have the NASDAQ finishing off about just a mere 1.9 points up for the day. Let's take a look here. We have gold closing at $0.1954.60, silver $0.2352, we have the Copper contract at $3.77, the LightSuite Crew contracts at $92, we'll finish out the dollar at $105.12, now this is sideways today. It's interesting to see what, I'll check the volume a little later as well. We had a significant volume to the downside Friday in the NASDAQ, in the Dow, and I can't imagine there's much more to be sold off, that energy kind of exhausts itself, but still somewhat of a sideways day-to-day, so it'll be interesting to see how that shakes out for the rest of the week. We have the Q's closing at $3.70, we have Google closing at $138.97, Meta at $30255, poor old Disney at $85, some pretty big volume on the daily, right down to the end there, so they're really fighting over that there, and shaking out about $80.502, and Apple at $177.97. Of course, Instacart IPO is coming out, the company is selling a total of 22 million shares, as part of the deal PepsiCo has also agreed to buy $175 million of Instacart Series A redeemable, convertible, preferred stock. Let's see, the pricing, yeah, they're looking for about $26 to $28 per share, and that would equate to about $9.3 billion value for the company, which is pretty substantial, and we're using them quite a bit during quarantine, I don't need more, but I still think that's one of the things that really stayed around afterwards, because I do know quite a few people who still use it. Folks, thank you so much for staying tuned, believe we'll have Tom back tomorrow, we do have the full lineup tomorrow, starting with Tommy at 9 AM. Have a great rest of your evening, folks.


How do you do? I'm wondering what was going on with that. I'm doing well, man Trying to put January in my rear view January is a pretty black month February is only cool because it's short and My birthday month, but it's like your worst month because all the birthdays and anniversaries Inversaries Valentine's they don't forget your mom something. Yes your dad something. Why not knuckle sandwich? How about the sports Jim in the sports? It was the football weekend championship Sunday There's only one more football game left this year. Well NFL they'll happen later this year this season this season It's a season is what you're looking for Jim and there's a bunch of highlight plays this wheel So we've got the graphic of doom Well good works that looks awesome We love it Jim. There's a lot of actually fun plays. What do you like? What do you hate? It was the first time all year that every football game played it was entertaining and good Wow Of the season of the size and I my least favorite would be the Brock Purdy Jennings one It's fun But there it would it would win out other weeks maybe Patrick Mahomes Travis Kelsie one I thought that was more it was cool, but it was more defeating for the Ravens. No, so you're going okay I see what you're going for there cuz yeah, I think I have those two plays pretty similar But I see what you're going with emotion wise there.  It's awesome. That's pool stuff. The line should be bragging about that play right bad throw It shouldn't be a touchdown shouldn't be a catch I gotta love that when you really dig into the context because it's a crazy play I'd like the stats that go with that like they get a touchdown in like what 50 yards out of that The problem is we had an all-time play But it almost hurts people because it's not an all-time play because it could have been an all-time play You know what I'm saying? I love a self catch breadfars first Completion was to himself fun fact And do something with that. I like this one cuz he has to run after it usually they throw it It's tipped kind of right back and there's like that moment. There's that moment of freeze This was Lamar being like oh, I can get that got that. Yeah, you're right If he does like a high step breaks that tackle and scores. It's all time I'll time highlight. Yeah, and maybe they win the game still cool play in my being lost because of that play Yeah, what was this almost a breakdown? You said you were in the arena for this So you want to talk about a little more? I was actually in the in this in the suit I was in the eye was the mascot for the spurs. It was kind of like a this documentary coming out that will reveal it What's the title again? John Boy Spurs mascot that guy stinks It's working just getting the SEO working title There's a bat in the arena and then the spurs mascot comes out dressed like Batman and the Batman theme music's playing And he's got a net and he's trying to catch the bat now. This is perfect. I don't think it's fake I just think bats happen so many times that they're prepared for this My question is how long would they let it go and is that not actually the mascot in there? Or is it a professional that catcher because there was some rhythm it took them three swipes to catch the bat I think it's both know how every year it comes out and it's like this mascot made 400,000 last year like I think this comes with the requirement of being the spurs Coyote Batman anyone that catches bat for a living would make a good in arena mascot Yes, because those people are like kind of full of energy definitely has long thinning hair Yeah, yeah Couple fun notes here a one of the guys goes out and daps up the bat right at the Batman coyote right after because he's like That's sick, bro.  I already just caught a mouse with his bare hand. I was like Jesus, dude That's gross. Yeah, and cool. How'd you do that? Just snagged it? Yeah, there's scurrying by the boxes All right, this will be the man put it in a box. He put it in a box. He released it Yeah, it was quick useless February's coming up. Can I tell you something? Tushy exclusive what's yours say go back to the sports Jake it's It's ball and play championship week you guys are talking about it warehouse games There could have been other sports, but we had two not sports We really like hit them with a gym really good not sports, but ball and play championship It starts tonight semi-finals passengers scream as Tesla detects ghosts in a graveyard this hits a lot of stuff for us. Yeah, both of our wives enjoyed ghosts and stuff I I do love when the ghost people like all the youtubers find a new way Oh, the youtubers you like sense ghosts and this is awesome like I'm surprised way I'm surprised this didn't happen the moment the Tesla became public This is just a bunch of people walking in the graveyard just alongside the Tesla. It's pretty cool They say you on had nothing to do with this. Okay. Yeah, that was like the first quote No one thought he did oh Elon put in the ghost doctor the Tesla footage not Elon put a ghost feature in there if this is true Everyone take your Tesla drive by a graveyard and let us know if you see ghosts walking to the graveyard DM Zach But it is fake speaking of not fake You tell me about the fish bandit 84 Zach you're gonna like this Utah teen facing some charges after allegedly taping fish to ATMs as you'll see here Tape fish to ATMs just right in the middle of the screen one piece of tape dead fish the people didn't like that They did like I would say that's a generalization. I think probably 50% of the people were like whoa They admit they're like there's not a lot of malice here like the kid was having fun doing a prank I if Banksy does this it's art and the fish sell for a million dollars, right a 17-year-old kid in Utah I mean just trying to have some fun having some good clean fun Where do we stand on this kid? I'm in different now. I need more info.  Is he damning society or is he making his buddies laugh? Can it be both? No, okay? Let us know if you're his friend, which brings us to Just pivoting right off of that yeah, yeah first timer. I think it's a first timer employee of the week goes to Noah No makes all of our clips on the social media The guts clips crack me up.


Hi, I'm Brianna Frank. I am the director of product here at IBM Cloud, and I'm so honored today to talk to you about the call for code challenge. Over the past three years, call for code has proven one simple truth. Teams of developers with the right mindset, the right technology, and the right deployment ecosystem have the power to solve some of the world's greatest problems. Call for code is a movement started by four organizations motivated to use technology for good. Unlike other tech for good challenges, call for code does not just award a prize and send everyone home. Call for code is committed to deploying solutions and to ensure they live on in strong open source projects anyone can use or improve. Call for code has inspired participants from around the world to learn new skills and to apply them towards the issues that affects them most, regardless of their experience, thanks to tools from the open source community. Over the years, call for code has asked for technology solutions to a variety of pressing, social, environmental, and justice issues with challenges formulated by bringing technologists together with domain experts. By helping developers know how they can solve important issues and develop a solution that makes a real impact. We've seen amazing creativity, and we've supported their testing and deployment around the world. In an effort to tackle specific elements of climate change that are of high priority, the call for code challenge announced three focus areas to tackle in this year's global challenge, clean water and sanitation, zero hunger, and responsible production. Let's take a look at some of the previous winning solutions. Open EEW saves lives with an earthquake early warning system. Open EEW has deployed a set of low-cost accelerometer-based devices to detect tremors. Data is collected and processed using Kubernetes and generates alerts to nearby residents. This open source-based system provides a way for communities without a full national seismology system to gain access to life-saving technology. The next example is Prometeo. As wildfires and other natural disasters become more prevalent around the world, Prometeo protects the health of firefighters. Prometeo created a device containing sensors for the toxic chemicals that firefighters are repeatedly exposed to. A Kubernetes cluster hosts several microservices that interpret the IoT readings, calculate long-term analytics, and push alerts back to ruggedized Samsung mobile phones and smartwatches. This cognitive platform measures toxin levels in real time and sends color-coded alerts to keep firefighters safe. And finally, Project Al. Project Al provides critical communication in times of natural disasters. Hurricane Maria, a Category 5 hurricane at Puerto Rico and wrecked Havoc on the island. Not only did it destroy people's homes, but also people's way of communicating. Cell towers and generators were destroyed. Project Al provides a system for quickly deploying emergency mesh networks for short but critical communication. Their dashboard is based on Cloud Foundry today. But they're exploring using Kubernetes for edge-based devices and IBM Cloud Code Engine for faster development of containerized apps.  The technologies we are building together with CNCF can be used to make a huge difference in the world. Call for Code is also a fantastic opportunity to learn new technologies, including IBM Cloud Code Engine. You can use the resources at developer.ibm.com slash call for code to build your skills and get started. Join thousands of other developers in our Slack community. Do your part to wield open-source technology to make a difference. See your ideas put into action. Commit to the cause. Push for change. Answer the call. Join the Call for Code challenge. Thanks so much.


This is stock number 10455A. We are here at Summit Automotive in Fond du Lac, Wisconsin. You're new and used heavy-duty truck headquarters as well as your Ford F350 headquarters. Today we are checking out this super clean 2010 Ford F350 crew cab long box single rear wheel. This truck has the 6.4 liter power stroke diesel and it has been fully safe and inspected by our service shop. It has a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. The truck has been gone through mechanically 100% and is 100% ready to go. White platinum tricote metallic is the color we shoot all of our videos in 1080p, 60 frames per second. So if you have HD capabilities on your computer tablet or smartphone device, turn them on right now because it is like you were right here looking at the truck with me and definitely your best way to ensure the quality and condition of the vehicle before seeing it in person. Especially on a higher mileage truck like this and 10 years old. It comes with the polished aluminum alloy rims, safari LT27570R18 tires. These are Kelly safaris and these are about I'd say 50 to 60% of the tread left. They even under bodies in nice shape. Looks like it's been undercoated there. Front fender is in nice condition. Headlight lenses are pretty clear. Has the factory fog lights. Hoods in pretty good condition. I only saw one little ding on there. Other than that, very nice. Passengers side fenders in nice shape as well. And the passengers side rim. No major scuffs or scrapes on there. As you go down this side of the truck, take note of how clean the body is, how reflective and mirror like that paint is. We take these HD videos so if you are far away or even if you're close by and just cannot make the trip down but you're still interested in purchasing the vehicle, you can see the vehicle, hear the vehicle and have confidence in the quality and condition of it before even getting here. So you can do all your shopping from the comfort of your own home. That's why we offer the Summit Auto Fastpass option in the upper right hand part of your screen. Link right to our website where you can apply for financing. Get pre-approved. See a payment quote. Even appraise the trade off from the comfort of your own home. Frame it on your body. Not too bad for a 10 year old truck. Has all the remaining factory exhaust and the lower rockers. I didn't see any rot on them. Just a little bit of surface rust but nothing too bad. Didn't want to point out on the box here we got a couple little dents and stuff. Nothing too major but didn't want to point those out since this is a used truck.  Back rim pretty nice condition and as we come around to the back of the vehicle the rear bumper is in nice shape as well. Couple little dings on that driver's side there but nothing too bad. Has a full towing package which includes a receiver hitch four pin and seven pin wiring and the tailgate is in nice condition. Comes with a roll-up tonneau cover. Pretty nice condition. I didn't see any major defects on it. Has a spraying bed liner in the bed itself. Is in pretty nice shape as well. Tailgate shuts nice and solidly and it does have a backup camera. As you go down the driver's side just as clean as that passenger's side. Maybe even a little bit cleaner. One tiny little ding on the box here and there. So two but nothing major. Back room in nice shape as well and down the rest of the side of the truck very very clean. Has a driver's side door code entry. You get the tow mirrors. They are heated with built-in directional signals. Now these power telescope out and they manually fold in but they do power telescope out.  You get 40-20-40 split bench seating. Dual power seats and they are heated in the front factory all-weather floor mats. Has auto headlamps, memory driver's seat and these mirrors do power telescope out like I said. But they are manual fold-ins. Power windows, power locks, power mirrors and as we hop inside the truck here you can see that this one has a hundred and eighteen thousand four hundred and forty miles. So you know considering the age of miles on this truck I think it's in really nice shape and it would be a really good you know tool for anybody that's looking for a truck like this. Cruise controls on the left, audio controls on the right and Bluetooth controls. Has the six-disk in-desk CD changer, dual climate control. Has AM, FM and Sirius XM radio capabilities. Turned-out four-wheel drive, power slide mirror window, traction control system, your heated seats, factory brake controller and power pedals. There's your sync system so you can connect your Bluetooth cell phone and the backup camera shows up in the mirror there. Passing your seat and factory floor mat are in nice shape. No rips or tears. The headliner is in really nice condition on this truck and it does have a power slide sunroof. Map lights and sunroof controls and it does have home link for your garage door security systems and lighting systems. We'll take a quick look at the back seats.  No rips or tears back here. It does have that power sliding rear window. Factory all-weather floor mat back here. These seats do fold up and has a steel load floor so that's nice and metal there. If you got muddy boots or tools you put them on there and you're not going to get your nice leather seats dirty. Also you know you got a nice flat place if you want to put tools back here or whatever but very nice feature. And behind the back seats is your latch tether anchors. Child safety locks on the back doors. And we'll take a quick look under the hood. I would personally like to thank you for checking out the video today and hopefully from this HD video you'll be able to tell just how clean this truck is all the way around. To open these hoods you got to go right under here on this body style. Onto the hood we have the 6.4 liter power stroke diesel engine base. Very clean, runs very smooth. Looks like the guy used dams a little bit possibly. This truck has been fully safety and inspected as a fresh oil and filter change. All the fluids have been checked and topped off. It has some motocraft batteries that's always a good sign. It was always serviced at a Ford garage.  See more pictures of this truck or one of our other 450 new and used cars, trucks, SUVs, minivans, Wranglers, half tons, three quarter tons, one tons. You name it we got it go to our website www.summitauto.com. Full pictures and descriptions of every single vehicle from two locations all at summitauto.com. And if you'd like to check out more HD videos you can go to youtube.com slash summit auto. Remember to like, subscribe and share on this video and all the videos that you see there. In fact in a second you will see links to subscribe to our YouTube channel on your left. A link to more F350 truck videos like this one on your right. If you have not been on our website on the bottom link to this vehicle on our website click those check us out and we really look forward to helping you with this extremely clean 2010 Ford F350 crew cab long box single rear wheel lary it with a 6.4 liter power stroke diesel. Thanks again.


Test, test. There we go. Test, test. Hello? Okay. I should be expecting questions on my schedule, right? I mean, but 10 minutes is the 10 minutes of the 40, not 10 minutes of the 30. Okay, in that 30 minutes you'll show me the 10 minutes sign. Yeah. Where's my scarf? Bob, Bob, brilliant. Just, you can just say Bob. Welcome, everyone. And here's three posters for you if you want. And please, when you come during the presentation, please close the door as quietly as possible. If you want, evaluate decisions on this link. And please tweet about this conference. Please close the door. About the conference. And please write a blog post about the conference. And I should promote Grand Finale today at 16.30 at the D105. You can win some great things. And now please welcome new presenter, Robert Ralea, and his presentation about quantum crypt on thing. Hello, I'm Bob Ralea, and I work in the security group in Red Hat Mountain View. And I'm going to talk about what we're going to do when the quantum computer apocalypse hits on us. So what I'm going to talk about today, I'm going to explain some quantum computer basics. We're going to explain how quantum computers can attack crypto systems. Then we're going to talk about the current state of quantum computers. And then I'm going to survey those algorithms that will survive. We're calling those the post-quantum crypto algorithms. So they don't run on quantum computers, they run on a regular computer. What I'm not going to talk about is I'm not going to get into the math behind quantum computer cryptos and how it does the attacks. And I'm not going to go into enough detail on these post-quantum crypto algorithms that you'll be able to implement them, but only just a basic overview. So quantum computers basically use entangled elementary particles to solve brute force mathematical problems pretty much instantly. It uses the laws of quantum physics to be able to try all the possible solutions to a problem basically at once. If there's more than one solution to the problem, then the quantum rules will say the probabilities of which answers will be returned and it could return different answers on different runs. But crypto problems basically have unique solutions and therefore they're actually perfectly targeted, quantum computers perfectly targeted for solving crypto problems. But quantum computers do have some limits. Quantum computers are based on gates, they aren't based on running a program like we're used to. So for instance there's not loops or iterations in the quantum computer. You can't build a quantum computer to do AES and then drop the quantum input in. So they can't be used directly against our crypto algorithms. Instead there are additional algorithms that can then be used to attack our actual crypto algorithms. Quantum computers are also all or nothing. If you have an 8-bit quantum computer, you can't get a little bit of advantage in trying to break a large key. You need to have the full size bit in order to be able to get the advantage of being able to try all those combinations. So quantum computers can break our crypto systems. Our public key systems are particularly vulnerable. There is a quantum algorithm called Quantum 4A Transform and that can be used to solve the hidden subgroup problem. These labels are sort of important because the hidden subgroup problem is the underlying problem that's actually common between RSA, DH, DSA and ECC. You may not realize but these were actually all underneath the covers can be reduced to this particular problem. That means quantum computers can break completely those algorithms. The QFT requires more QU bits than the key attack so the size of quantum computer will have to be bigger than the actual key sizes for these algorithms. But once that happens the algorithm is completely broken. There's another quantum algorithm called Grover's algorithm. This also uses QFT and it solves the generalized search problem. That is given some function, given the output of that function, find the input that produced that output. That's basically our hash functions and symmetric algorithms. Fortunately Grover's algorithm doesn't completely break them. It just reduces their strength so we'll have to double the key sizes to get the same strength that we had before. But the algorithms themselves aren't broken. What have quantum computers actually been able to demonstrate to date? It's really not that impressive. We can factor numbers that are trivial to factor normally. Where it says shore algorithm, shore is a special case of the quantum 4A transform. The interesting things are these last two here where the sizes are starting to get large and the algorithm isn't QFT but a minimization function. I'm going to talk about that a little later in the talk. Google's been using quantum computers and recently published a paper on how they are getting actual speed ups by using the quantum computers. It's not just running classically. Just this week during the talk the NSA is published a paper. Basically it's a call to action saying that we need to start replacing our algorithms to ensure quantum computers don't break them. TOR has also been interested in the dangers of quantum computers and they are moving towards using one of the post-quantum algorithms in their network. They're worried about people recording the sessions and then waiting for quantum computers to come along to be able to break those sessions. Are we in immediate trouble? Researchers can factor a 16-bit number in something as small as 4QU bits of a quantum computer which is pretty small. On the other hand this is a special case. The factors only differ by two bits and we knew they differed by two bits. The big question here is will we be able to expand that particular attack to the more generalized case of the RSA keys? D-Wave builds a commercial quantum computer that's quite large. A thousand QU bits. But it's a very special purpose one. It cannot do QFT. It's not a general purpose quantum computer. It can only solve the minimization problem. On the other hand minimization problem is exactly that problem that we used above to solve the 16-bit number. So it is something we still need to look at. As I mentioned before Google announced that there are getting speed-ups from their quantum computers. They have a D-Wave computer but their speed-ups are only two to the eighth not two to the hundred thousand. So there's still some coherence issues in those large quantum computers where you're not getting the full benefit of all those quantum bits. Researchers expect QFTs within the next ten years. It's probably optimistic. We might actually see it sooner. Optimistic meaning we hope it's longer because if we want a crypto system it's the last longer. But people who secure data for a long time already need to start worrying about this. This is why you see both the NSA and Tor two organizations that couldn't be more different from each other worried about this same problem. The last thing is small key sizes that is ECC are likely to fall first. Okay, so what are these new algorithms that are out there? They're not really new but what are those algorithms out there that will survive quantum crypto that we can replace our public key systems with? So the first one I will explain a little more completely because it's actually quite simple. It's called hash-based encryption and it works on a fairly simple principle that you can't reverse a hash. So create a public key. You pick the size of the thing you want to sign. So usually that's the hash output of the hash function from the signing operation.  Those random numbers one represents a zero bit, one represents a one bit and then you have one for every bit in the thing that you want to sign. And then the size of those are the base hash function you're using for signing. Then you hash those and produce your public key. So the public key is the hash of those secret values that you generated on the fly. Then to sign something you simply publish that private value that you had for each of the bits in the signature. So for bit one if it's one you publish x1 of zero and if it's zero you publish x1 of one and if it's zero you publish x1 of zero. And you do that for each of those bits. And in the verify all you have, the verifier all he has to do is walk through and hash what you produced and make sure it matches the corresponding bits in that public key. Now there is a fairly obvious limitation here. I've just published half of my private key. That means if I try to sign again I'm going to publish more of it and now the private key is out and people can use it. So this is a one-time signature. Once you've used the private public key you can't use it again. This is pretty much a very strong limitation being we'll use in our crypto systems. But this has been around since 1975. So we invented Merkel trees exactly to solve this problem. So what you do with the Merkel tree is you generate two to the n where n is like 32 bits. So you have two to the n signing operations you can do on this key now. So you have one for each time you want to sign. You go ahead and generate all your private keys and then build the public keys from them. And then you hash all the public keys. And so you have a hash for each of those public keys and then they come up and you take each pair and hash them again to the next node. And then you hash each node to the next node and you continue to do that till you get a single node at the top. That top node becomes your public key. And then when you sign something you go ahead and publish your signature and you publish the actual public key for that signature. And you publish the hash of the one next to it and up the chain. So if you use two to 32 there'll be 30 of these things plus the public key. And then the verifier can construct all the hashes and verify that it matches your top hash so he knows that that public key fit this infrastructure. And if you generate your private keys using a PRNG with a specific seed you can keep that seed and regenerate them. So with very little storage you actually can get two to the 32 or 64 however many of these you want to generate, signing operations on that key. So hash-based encryptions. The key sizes are large. For shot 256 the key size is roughly, not roughly exactly, 16 kilobytes and it's single use. If you use Merkle-based the public key is much smaller but the signatures are still two to the 16 plus a little bit more, I mean 16 kilobytes plus a little bit more. And then the signing operation is fairly expensive because you've got to regenerate that whole tree again or you have to store that whole tree then it's expensive in storage not in CPU. This is only a signing algorithm that does not give you key exchange but it's not patent-encumbered. Okay code-based crypto. The idea of code-based crypto is to use error correction systems to be able to do some encryption. So you pick a matrix that introduces some error correction code into a vector and then you create a function that will correct any errors that come back based on that matrix. You pick some invertible matrixes S and P to scramble the bits in G so that the attacker can't actually generate DG himself. And then your public key is simply the matrix multiply of all those matrices. And your private key is the inverse of those matrices you use plus the error correction function. And then to encrypt you take your message multiply it by the error correction matrix and then add some error to it. And that's your ciphertext. And then to decrypt you simply pull out P and then run it through your error correction code and correct the error that you introduced or remove the error that you introduced and then remove the rest of the matrix to get your message. Okay the original scheme that was proposed in 1975 used Gopah or Gopah correction error codes and they seem secure. Other codes have been used with this system and they have been broken. This provides encryption so you can do it for key exchange. A signing system that was originally introduced was actually broken. There's a new signing system that was introduced in 2001 which seemed secure. The key sizes are fairly large so for 61 bits of what we currently call 61 bits of strength it takes 72 kilobytes for the public key. The encryption is not patent encumbered because it was published in 1975. I do not know whether or not there's patents covering the signing. Lattice space. This is one that's got a fair amount of interest because one of the algorithms that has actually been implemented and used is Lattice space function. Lattice are uniform sets of points in space and in dimensional space and they're generated from a set of vectors called the base. And there's two hard problems in Lattice space. One is finding the smallest vector that's in the lattice and the other one is finding the distance between an arbitrary vector that's not in the lattice with a vector that's in the lattice. Some bases make these, just like you would expect, some bases make these hard problems actually easy and these are called easy bases. Others makes it difficult and to transfer from one base to another is a well-known problem in the lattice space and they're considered equivalent lattices. So your public key, your private key becomes the easy base, your public key becomes a hard base. And then there's a number of proposals for how you make these problems turn into a crypto system. I won't go through the specifics of any of them, but here's some of the three-lettered acronyms for the different systems. The original one that was proposed for Lattice, the GGH, is the simplest but it's already been broken. NTRU is the one that actually, there's actually standards on this, there's implementations, it's being used today on the web. It appears to be practical, it has key sizes about the same as RSA, but it doesn't have any security proofs and it is patent encumbered. LWE has provable security but it has megabyte size, key sizes. Lattice space has been around initially since the end of the 20th century. It supports both encryption and signing and there's still research needed to get confidence that lattice-based systems are actually quantum safe or even safe against classical attacks as well. So like GGH has been broken from a classical sense. Multi-variant base crypto. These are based on the hardness of solving non-linear equations in finite fields.  Your private key is those mapping functions that were used to construct P of X. Your encryption is you pass your message in to your set of quadratics and outcomes crypto text. To decrypt you apply the inverse of those mapping functions to C and you wind up with M. Now there's several schemes proposed how these mapping functions work and the parameters for that. Key sizes vary. The smallest for an 80-bit key strength is 22 kilobytes. These have also been proposed since the end of the 20th century. They support both signing and encryption and they also need more research to have confidence whether or not these systems really are secure. So in conclusion, quantum computers are looking more real every day. Our traditional ciphers look like traditional public key ciphers look like they're ready to fall. The high-bit size RSA, DSA and DH will hold off quantum computers before ECC because the quantum computers have to get to the size to be able to factor those large numbers. The caveat is if we ever get direct factoring algorithms from quantum computers using minimization, RSA may become vulnerable soon. So hold off on your rapid conversion to ECC that we told you to do two years ago. Or I told you to do two years ago in my talk two years ago. And if you're in crypto, you need to start studying lattice, multivariate quadratics and air-code systems. We also need to start looking at our protocols. It looks like we're going to have to start handling these very large key sizes in our protocols for going to get through this in a soon period, especially since the systems that look like they will hold, that we don't need more research on are all basically large key size systems. And that's it. Feedback is on here and I'm open for questions now. Yes? On what? That's right. The reason they went back on... I'm sorry. Recently the NSA went back on their suite B recommendations and the reason for that is exactly here. They're expecting ECC to fall because ECC has smaller bit sizes. So the first quantum computers that will likely break a crypto system will be a smaller one that will break ECC, not one that will break RSA or ECDSA. So what they've recommended is hold off on implementing ECC, continue to use RSA and DSA and crank up those bit sizes as much as possible because the larger the bit size, the longer it takes before we have a quantum computer that has enough bits to be able to break the larger bit sizes. There are no... I'm sorry. Thank you. The question is, are there any current moves to standardize systems with these larger key sizes? The answer is there currently isn't. It's something I think people have now sort of gotten flat footed on, but I would expect to see in the next year people start having proposals. And I think some of the people in this room should probably be driving some of those proposals. Yes, Steve? Okay, thanks. I was going to say that I was speaking to the technical director of the cryptographic module validation program and he said that they're going to move to 4096, 8192, and 16440 sized keys in the very near future to put this off. So we'll probably be seeing that in the next round of standards coming out in this. Yes, Sima? Is there any quantum-based crypto that is being also explored to use the quantum map? There is quantum-based schemes, but those schemes obviously require quantum computers and they don't really have key exchanges. What your key is is a quantum particle that you've exchanged back and forth. We're not looking at that to solve these problems because quantum computers are going to be available before they're going to be generally available to people, so we need to be able to live through that period. Yeah. Okay, thank you for your presentation. If I got some point correctly, you said that the quantum computer to be successful, it needs to have a lot of quabbits. I'm sorry, what was the question? The quantum computer to be successful, to decrypt something, it needs to have a lot of quabbits. Yes, it needs to have a number of qubits in order to solve it. The first one that breaks something like EC256 is going to need to be bigger than 256 because the QFT requires something larger than what you're actually attacking. My question would be how difficult are qubits? Would it be a question of money or technology? So we can only go by what sort of the people in research are saying. They're having problems as you get more and more qubits trying to keep the air and trying to keep them coherent, and you can see that with the D-Wave, even though they have 1,000 qubits in a non-general purpose, they're not able to use that whole 1,000 qubits in their system. Otherwise, Google would be getting much larger speed-ups than they're actually seeing. So it's not known how long it's going to take. You saw the quantum computers that actually did work are all very, very small. They're 8 qubits for something general. Steve was just telling me the other day that some people have actually generated some quantum gates, and once those start coming into place, we might start seeing more of these and actually see things built to do generalize the QFT. Okay, thank you. So you didn't really mention symmetric algorithms and how they are vulnerable or not vulnerable to quantum computers? There was a very quick slide on symmetric. The effect on symmetric is the same as the effect on hashes, which is we have to double our key sizes because the Grover algorithm is a general case algorithm. It doesn't really matter what the underlying crypto is. It's a generalized search algorithm, and it can actually come up and be able to come out with output based on input in a much quicker way than we used to be able to do with our normal search algorithms. So it's going to be really great if you're a database search thing because your speed-ups will be amazing, but it also means that our crypto systems are inherently going to need to use twice as many bits to be just as secure as they used to be. You mentioned you're not looking at quantum-based distribution systems, but the quantum telecommunications research is moving actually at an even faster pace than the quantum computing itself. There are even commercially available solutions already from companies like Quantique for the private keys distribution where you use the quantum entanglement and the statistics associated with it to detect eavesdropping. So you could essentially guarantee the private nature of those distributed keys. Why is this not being looked into? It's because the systems that we're trying to secure don't fit that model. We're talking about what happens when you encrypt on your disk, what happens in a normal person, and also we need to have these algorithms running today because the data that we're trying to secure, we want to be secure 10 years from now when quantum computers come out. So we basically need systems that run on classical systems. Quantum encryption is interesting, and I'm sure we'll have to add it to some of our systems, but the fact is we're still working on classical computers and will be for quite some time, and we need systems that run on classical computers and are safe against quantum computers. Hello. I have a question. There is an encryption technique called one-time path, and it basically says that you generate random data and absorb it with your message. The only problem is the distribution of the keys. Is this vulnerable to quantum computers or not? I think it's not, but... One-time pads are one of those rare cases where if it really is a one-time pad, it's provably secure because there is no way of determining what the key bits are. You can pick any ciphertext you want and find a set of bits that will produce that ciphertext output. Therefore, there's no way to actually attack a truly one-time pad. The problem is one-time pads are notoriously difficult, and we don't actually implement them in any of our systems. Hello. The idea is that we need more Q-bits than bits, only in the case of QFT algorithm. Has it been proved that this is the best case ever? In general, is there the chance that any other algorithm will be able to be better than this? No, it has not been proved. Even worse, it's not been proved that these quantum-safe algorithms are quantum-safe. That's why we're needing more research. It's just that we today don't know any quantum algorithms that can break the ones that we've given. But if you look at the table of the kinds of things that have been broken by quantum computers, things like lattice looks dangerous because they're in that set of everything around it's broken, but not them. That's part of the reason that the NSA isn't jumping on Intrude. The other problem is that Intrude was patent encumbered. They went that way with ECC and know what headache said is. But I think part of it is they're not sure that tomorrow somebody's not going to publish a paper on how you can break Intrude with a quantum computer. So there are no proofs yet regarding these algorithms? There's security proofs, but there's no proofs that say the hard problem is not solvable on quantum computers. There's no algorithm that has that. I think I'm over time. So this is the last one, Thomas. Okay, this is not a question, but some kind of advertisement. If you want to see something also interesting as Bob's presentation, there was a very nice presentation on post-quantum crypto in Kaos Computer Congress, 32C3, and it's recorded. It's a presentation by Daniel Bernstein and Daniel Ang. And they showed very nicely how, for example, hashing trees work and so on. Okay, thank you, everyone. If you have any more questions, you can grab me afterwards. Or Steve. One minute. I showed who does it lose. Yeah, if you have all something it requires, 201 bits. You don't get any quantum, you don't get anything. So that's why cranking level... Nice. Yeah. I spent all the time with wheels. My part of the slide. Okay. Testing, testing. Can everybody hear me? Yeah.


Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. You guys. It's Friday. It's Friday And I'm ready to play I couldn't even get my vibrato off because girl, I'm a little bit You know, I don't know I I slept I went to bed like around 1030 which is a little late for me. I slept but I'm off and I blame you Buzzfeed I'm going to blame someone She got me watching this new show y'all I was gonna watch it anyway because I saw a preview of it She comes watching this new show called the outsiders or the outsider and of course is written by your boy Stephen King Stephen King can write some very disturbing stuff Girl, I almost text you back 15 minutes into the first episode. I was triggered. I was like, what the hell she got me watch No, I saw the preview for it is on HBO and It's good. It's Friday. I Really don't have a lot to do. I'm just maintaining stuff I do want to slightly and I know I'm whispering because it's early. It's 440. I Get extremely early y'all no later than five a couple of weeks ago. I got up at 6. Oh girl I was like dang So for me personally, I have to have my yeah, look at my skin. Yes glowing blessed I Have to have my me time and if that means taking my butt to bed early So I can get at least seven hours of sleep. I do it So as soon as I put JJ because to be up between eight and nine I get myself together Yeah, I can fall asleep easy because I get up so early, right? So I've turned my body to go to bed at nine o'clock and every since he was born I've been waking up between four and five that gives me One to two hours to do everything that I need to do so Avocado corn grape tomatoes cucumbers cilantro jalapenos balsamic vinegar lime salt jalapeno, that's a jalapeno. Hey, yeah I just mix everything together let it sit for a while and this is gonna be my light lunch This week will be great on top of a salad or I think this would be delicious on top of salmon wouldn't be this be really good on top of salmon or a great baked fish With some rice Oh my gosh, is that supposed to be that's supposed to be Ron Ron Weasley a Lot of stuff look like it. They were returns Y'all I am looking for a blue eye pencil Something because I'm gonna do a neutral makeup look with a pop of color and I want to be blue And I found this by wet and wow No, no, no, no. Hey JB These kids and check girl So y'all we've run a bunch of errands Early today, and then we're home. I'm gonna show you an idea I got from a Facebook post that went viral her name is That's what's her name. I'm on means business. She posted this job fair for her three kids They kept bugging her for money. So she had them to apply for jobs within the house JB seven years old. This is a great opportunity for him to learn money management. We're having a job fair today And now her ink look must be under 10 to apply on the job training great pay No benefits Interviews being held this weekend contact mama to schedule an interview. I'm gonna have him to answer interview questions He's gonna have to dress up. I'm not gonna tell him how to dress, but I will let him know he needs to dress Typically for a job interview you dress pretty nicely, okay? These are the job opportunities laundry supervisor dishwash your technician and guest bathroom coordinator Those are the three jobs for him I'll help him to read these because I know he's not that good at reading some of the bigger words And then he will have to apply for one of these positions now He'll get paid per task. So let's say he does the laundry one week. He gets four dollars for that And he will have the opportunity we already have a savings account for him And he will have the opportunity to save his own money All this stuff that he wants at school $2 here for snow cones $1 for drifts now on day It'll be taken out of his job out of his pay So yeah, because right now what we're doing, let me show you guys We use a disciplinary chart that's very similar to his school right now Mostly time he stays on green. So when he acts bad, I say clip down Then he loses privileges when it gets to orange if he doesn't the good clip up He gets rewarded when he gets up to Pink so this is in addition. This is not monetary. So he doesn't get meaning He doesn't get money for this. He'll get money for his job, of course So this has really been helping I purchased this off on amazon. This is the same type of disciplinary System that they use at his school. He's really good at school So it's taking a while to use this and I just have to be consistent with it But it works because he freaks out if he has to clip down. So, um, yeah So I told him he needs to get dressed. He needs to dress pretty nice. So he doesn't know I'm gonna be recording this stuff Okay, next to me darling All right, so you want to apply for the um Laundry supervisor position. Is that correct? Yeah. Okay. So why don't you tell me a little bit about yourself? I use me like I do the dryer. I take clothes out of the dryer But what I really want to do is put the washing machine and turn it off Okay, so that's what you want to So I mean, but tell me some so much about yourself like um, what are your hobbies and interests? Like what do you like to do so that'll make sure that you are qualified?  I'm sorry I'm okay. I'm being serious. I'm sorry Where do you see yourself in five years? Like where do you see yourself as? In a job position or you're in school?  Okay. So where do you see yourself in five years as far as growing academically? All right, why? Sorry, this is for training purposes to be used later on. Um So yeah, that's what Yeah, but it's for training purposes. You don't have to worry about that So, what do you see yourself in five more years as far as academics? So like what would you like to do in the future? Like what do you what would you like to do when you grow up? I would like a bankruptcy helper because like we don't want people losing jobs So a bankruptcy helper. Okay bankruptcy helper. All right, so what makes you qualified for this position? What makes you think you can be the minor supervisor? So Do you like to do laundry? What type of skills do you have to make you qualified for this? So like Are you good at organizing? Yeah, I'm good at organizing. You are? Do you know you're sorry? Okay Good. Okay, so you organize your collection? My collection's on shelves. Okay, that's good. So you have good organization.  It stands at four dollars. So is that okay? That's a good pay? Okay, awesome. Mr. Denza, what I will do I will look over your application and I will contact you in the morning when you wake up To let you know how soon can you start the position? Do you think? But I don't think my phone's charging in the morning. Sweetheart, I'll just go to your room. So, um How soon can you start? Meaning like when do you think you can start? Can you start within the next week? The position Or do you need a little bit longer? Do you because I would we do provide training? So how about this? Um, there's two weeks and it does include pay you get So the training is it is paid training, which means you get paid for the training. So there'll be two weeks of training And I will train you twice per week. So that's eight dollars per week 16 dollars You get for the two weeks and that'll be your first that'll be a part of your first paycheck. Okay Sounds good. So let me look over this. I have a couple of other candidates that are coming in and I will definitely give you a call And um, I'm excited. Thank you so much for coming in. Okay, give me a hug girl I'm the most organized person. I know out of my friends and that's saying a lot. I think I'm a pretty organized person, but Most of my friends don't have it together when it comes to being organized and planning They don't have it together. My best friend is pretty good Um, so my friend that I invited to the brunch I invited her almost a month ago, right? And so I followed up with her on Friday. I'm like, hey, are you coming to the yeah, my skin looks good Sorry, I followed us with her Friday.  Actually was Thursday and she's like, yeah, I'm coming. I'm a great So then today I'm like, hey, I just want to make sure Did you get tickets for this? She's like, no, I thought that this is like a thing that you could purchase there I'm like, no You cannot buy tickets at the door. You have to have had purchase tickets prior to arriving y'all I'm glad I told you because she would have driven a good almost 45 minutes to go now And I'm glad I followed up with her. So to make sure I'm not going crazy I clicked on the link on the event link on facebook and sure enough It says the very first verbiage when you click on The about section it says must purchase tickets part. No, it says cannot purchase tickets at door So I'm pretty sure they've had other people I should have followed up with her while when I invited her but I thought, you know, we grown We're almost 40 hell. She is 40 We you double grown It's okay. I typically go to these things by myself y'all. I really don't have any Out of all my friends. She's the closest friend I have out here um She's the one I made the birthday cake for and so uh in the same breath though She sent me a text message and she's like, hey, you know Jason wants to know if if you're gonna be coming out with us not her Jason Jason is her best friend one of her best friends. Excuse me. Yeah, I told you I was still your friend I stole my best friend from from a mutual friend to the point that they're not even friends No, I'm not like that but I'm a I have a type of personality that tracks a lot of different people So her best friend loves me.  I'm running about he took a bath yesterday But I don't know what he doing, but he stinks again today.   Especially little boys. They be funky for no reason Let me put a bunch of oil in here for you.  It's like three o'clock anyway, so anyway, um Wanda's friend they When they get together they do multiple things girl like They go out to eat. They hang out. They have brunch. They there's a wedding going on. So Here come jay b.   See show him show him your tooth your missing baby I know it is Oh My hair didn't want to act right y'all so I froze her all the way out Wakanda It's gonna throw out. I'll just wear a fro tomorrow too Hey, it's what it is. This is what I'm wearing I know you really can't see this baby's back here.  I literally am all packed Even though our trip is another five days away, baby. I am packed. Let me open up the blinds here son I need to put this sweater dress bag. These are some socks. They ain't panties I'm gonna put these um sweater dress back because we look we have been out today This is going to be for church tomorrow I can't do church tomorrow because I'm exhausted already today. We've been out We ran errands starting at nine o'clock running back and forth. It's two o'clock go do the math. We've been out all this time um We I look I don't check in bags if I'm going to be somewhere for 45 days I am not checking in any luggage. It's much of a hassle and especially after seeing what my best friend went through Last time where they lost her luggage, which you know, they still were able to get everything to her within 24 hours actually less than that but it's been a minute since I've driven Too long of you by myself and things always change and freaking down. It's like my husband drove us Well, we all wrote to go but hell I wasn't paying attention for now a girl with gps. Everything is great I'm not sure if I want to take the 20 or the 80. I know the 20 lord have mercy with the 20 i20 um If there's an accident you're stuck there and my mama was saying well, you can still take the 80 after 20 Girl, I don't want to be stuck in those backwoods. I don't know what's back there But I remember one time a couple of years ago when I was in college And I had taken the 20 to go home because I always would take the 20 because it's a long scenic route, you know and girl one of those mobile homes flipped over It took me four hours to get home now It should only take two hours to get from from Dallas to long few hours heated I don't want that type of situation to have happen when I have a child in a car because you can't go anywhere When you stuck on the 20 you literally can't go anywhere i'ma pray y'all But anyway, I'm y'all like I got everything ready. I got my antibacterial all day. Yeah, I'm good Like I said, we've been traveling doing flu season and I think that there's a lot of fear going around I just I feel like as long as you take the necessary precautions, y'all we're gonna be wearing masks because yeah But I just think that as long as you take the necessary precautions, we're not gonna be wearing masks in the actual airport Well, we are gonna wear them on the plane. Yeah, but yeah, um Watching your hands. That's all it is. Um, but anyway y'all that is it for this vlog Yeah, I'm tired. All right y'all take care. Bye


The term of readiness for battle of the Ukrainian military on Abrams tanks was revealed. The Ukrainian military, which is training on Abrams tanks at the American Grafengwer base in Germany, will be ready for combat in a few weeks, according to Stars and Stripes media outlet. It is noted that the American M1A1 Abrams tanks, which will be used to train Ukrainian soldiers, arrived in Grafengwer on May the 12th. Roughly 200 Ukrainian trainees are here, learning to operate the most advanced American battle tanks. Soon they will be ready to use them against invading Russian forces in Ukraine, their US military instructors said. The Pentagon is set to deliver 31 refurbished Abrams tanks, took Yiv by fall, part of the roughly $500 billion in military aid. As we continue to train Ukrainian armed forces on more and more advanced weapons systems, we continue to be amazed at how quickly they adapt. US European command spokesman Captain William Speaks said at the Grafengwer training area. The multinational group was established in 2015 to train Ukrainian soldiers in their home country, but shifted to Germany after the full-scale Russian invasion. Since then, more than 12,000 Ukrainians have been taught to use 36 American military systems, including striker and Bradley fighting vehicles at Grafengwer and the nearby Hunfels training area official said. About 1,000 Ukrainian troops are now at the two sites, they said.


The leaves of three hemp varieties, Biolobrosesca, Tigra, and Henola, were found to be rich sources of antioxidants, containing a variety of cannabinoids, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. These compounds have been shown to provide significant health benefits when utilized from the leaves of these hemp varieties. Additionally, the cannabinoid content of each variety was analyzed, revealing that the Biolobrosesca variety contained the highest levels of cannabidiol, CBD, cannabidiol, CBG, tetrahydrocanabinol, THC, and cannabicramine, CBC. Furthermore, the extraction method used to obtain the extracts had a significant effect on the amount of cannabinoids present in the final product. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction proved to be the most effective method for obtaining high concentrations of cannabinoids from the leaves of all three varieties. This article was authored by Anastas Loixamine, Simon Sip, Peter Sulk, and others.