Personal finance practice problem presentation importance of home inspection contingency. Get ready to get financially fit practicing personal finance. Remember that when making financial decisions we can basically break them out into the short-term and long-term decisions. The short-term decisions the ones where we train our gut to trust our gut using tinkering trial and air honing down our habits so we can make better decisions by habit and the long-term decisions the ones that we as human beings aren't as good at given the fact that they're gonna have an impact on multiple periods into the future where we have to use the adage of measure twice cut once. We want to put a more formal process into the decision and we might go through these steps in the purchasing process. Number one determine the home ownership need. Number two find and evaluate a property to purchase. Number three price the property. Number four obtain financing. Number five close the purchase transaction. We're gonna be considering that now the importance of the home inspection contingency. Most of this information can be found at Investopedia which you could find online looking up your references and resources and continuing your research from there. This is by Amy Fontinier updated a January 29th, 2022. Importance of home inspection contingency. Before you buy a home one of the things you should do is to have it checked out by a professional home inspector. Yes we can hear your objective quote buying a home is expensive enough as it is. Why would I choose to fork over hundreds more if I'm not required to. In other words why would I want to have another inspector a professional inspector doing an inspection if it's not a required part of the home purchase and this article will delve into what home inspection that can reveal and whether it's worth hiring an inspector as a home buyer. So you do you need that added cost of the professional what kind of added security might they offer the home inspection contingency continued home inspections provide an opportunity for a buyer to identify any major issues with a home before closing that's of course going to be the process or the point and noting we have the long term decision process so if we can add that added level of security it might be worthwhile to do so. So your first clue that a home inspection is important is that it can be used as a contingency in your contract with the seller so you can put it as part of the contractual agreement. This contingency provides that if a home inspection reveals significant defects you can back out of your purchase offer free of penalty within a specific timeframe. So just having that offer in place could you know could make you feeling more secure just in that instance as well and give you that option and that double check from a professional to take a look at it. The potential problems a home can have must be pretty serious if they could allow you to walk away from such a significant contract. So in other words if you're ready to go you're ready to close the deal on this thing there's got to be a pretty significant change to change your mind over something that that is going to be a large dollar amount and a long term type of investment in some situation realtors are also known to include home inspection clauses in contracts such as those for newly built residents and new home construction inspections generally cover foundations checking before the concrete is poured once poured there's very little that can can be corrected. So you want to make sure that you get that right before the concrete is going in there dry free drywall checking the structure and mechanics before the drywall wall is laid. So clearly another kind of thing that once it's once it's done it's hard to undo so you want to make sure it's done right the first time. Full inspection a full walkthrough is performed of the completed home. What a home inspection covers inspectors very inexperienced so clearly when you're doing home inspection you would want to make sure you're picking someone up who is experienced within the process they vary with experience ability thoroughness but a good inspector should examine certain home components and then produce a report covering their findings. Obviously they're going to go in they're going to check certain things out common types of things they could have problems they're going to do a report on what they find with regards to them. The typical inspection last two to three hours and you should be present for the inspection to get a firsthand explanation of the inspector's findings and if necessary ask questions. So you want to kind of be there you want to know what they what they think about the areas and then that's where your chance might be to expand on those so you can provide yourself more comfort given the fact that you're talking about a large investment and about things that you of course do not have as much of experience from a general purchasing standpoint as someone that might be going through these types of inspections often so why are you checking in this point and think what's the typical problem that might be there why do you think it doesn't have the problem and so on and so forth. Also any problems the inspector on covers will make more sense if you see them in person instead of relying solely on the snapshot photos in the report. So if they give you a report and they're like yeah this is a little bit of an issue here or there it's hard to know how big of an issue it is and you might not have as much experience determining if it's a deal breaker type of issue. So it'd be nice to be able to see it and then communicate with the inspector about it. The inspector should note whether each problem is a safety issue major defect or minor defect so they could put it on the chart of major minor and so on and what the category is of it but clearly you might want more information than just that which items need replacement and which should be repaired or serviced items that are suitable for now but that should be closely monitored and an excellent inspector will even tell you about routine maintenance that should be performed which can be a great help if you are a first-time home buyer. While it isn't possible to list everything an inspector could check for the following home inspection checklists for buyers should give you a general idea of what to expect. So we got the exterior inspection just a few things that might be on the list that they're going to be looking through that you want on the radar. So the inspector will complete a full inspection of the outside of the structure. This will include climbing into any crawl spaces under the home and using a ladder to reach and inspect the roof and other items. Exterior walls the inspector will check for damage or missing sightings cracks and whether the soil is in excessively close contact with the bottom of the house which can invite wood destroying insects. So that's again something that you know you want to be able to ask them about that it'd be nice to be able to get some expansion about that how big of a concern are these types of things that they were they were going to come back with some of them. However the pest inspector yes you might want to engage one of those two not the home inspector will check for actual damage from termites etc. So you got the other pest kind of control kind of some overlap between these two professionals. The inspector will let you know which problems are cosmetic and which would be more serious. So how much is it going to cause to kind of fix this thing is that a cosmetic type of thing. Is it a more serious type of thing that you would think would cause more problems down the line or possibly be more costly to fix foundation. If the foundation is not visible and it usually is not the inspector will not be able to examine it directly. Still they can check the secondary evidence of foundation issues like cracks and settling grading. The inspector will the inspector will let you know whether the grading slopes away from the house as it should. If it doesn't water could get into the house and cause damage and you will need to either change the slope of the yard or install a drainage system. So clearly you don't want your your home to be like in the pit of the area because then of course if it rains then it's more likely that the water will go that way. So garage or carpet or carport. The inspector will test the garage door for proper opening and closing. Check the garage framing if it is visible and determine if it is properly ventilated to prevent accidental carbon monoxide poisoning. So if the water heater is in the garage the inspector will make sure it is installed high enough off the ground to minimize the risk of explosion from gasoline fumes mingling with the heater's flame. So roof the inspector will check for areas where roof damage or poor installation could allow water to enter the home such as loose missing or improperly secured shingles and cracked or damaged mastic around vents. They will also check the condition of the gutters interior inspection. The inspector will also complete a thorough inspection of the interior of the home. They will inspect everything from the ceiling to the cabinets under the sink. The plumbing is an important component that the home inspector will check all faucets and showers look for visible leaks and test the water pressure. They will also identify the kind of pipes the house has if any pipes are visible. So if you want to know how old the pipes are what kind of pipes are there how likely is it you're going to have to replace those how long will they last. The inspector may recommend a secondary inspection of the pipes are old to determine if or when they might need to be replaced and how much the work would cost. The inspector will also identify the location of the home's main water shutoff valve electron electrical. The inspector will identify the kind of wiring home has test all the outlets and make sure there are functional ground fault circuit and inter interrupters which can protect you from electric electrocution electric shock and electric burns installed in areas like the bathroom kitchen garage outdoors. They will also check for electric electrical panel for any safety issues in check your electronic outlets to ensure they do not present fire hazard heating ventilation and air conditioning HVAC HVAC the inspector will also look at your HVAC system to estimate the age of the furnace and air conditioner determine if they function properly and recommend repairs or maintenance and inspector can also give you an idea of the age of the home's ducting whether it might might have leaks if your home has sufficient insulation to minimize your energy bills and whether there is any asbestos insulation. Water heater the home inspector will identify the age of the heater and determine if it is properly installed and secured. The inspector will also let you know what kind of condition it is and give you a general idea of how many years it has left. We've got the kitchen appliances the inspector will sometimes check kitchen appliances they come from the home to make sure they work but these are not always part of the inspection so those aren't actually like physically part of the home oftentimes but you know clearly they could they could be a significant component you know factor or part of the purchase price so if you think you'll want to keep them be sure to ask which ones are omitted so you can test them yourself you got the laundry room the inspector will make sure the laundry room is properly vented a poorly maintained dryer exhaust system can be a serious fire hazard we've got the fire safety if the home has an attached garage the inspector will make sure the wall has the proper fire rating and hasn't been damaged in any way that would compromise its fire rating they will also test the home's smoke detectors the bathrooms the inspectors will check the visible leaks properly secured toilets adequate ventilation and other issues if the bathroom does not have a window or a ventilation fan mold and mildew can become problems and moisture can warp wood carbonate and over time not covered in a home inspection so what's not covered a home inspection can't identify everything that might be wrong with the property so clearly they're not going to cover everything or they're not going to give a complete guarantee that the thing is has is completely free of any problems it is only checks for visual cues to problems for example if the home's doors do not close properly or the floors are slanted the foundation might have a crack but if the crack can't be seen without pulling up all the flooring in the house a home inspector can't tell you for sure if it's there so that's might why you might want to be there and question them further because they might be saying something like well this is what I see this is what it might lead to but of course I can't say that for sure because I can't see the actual foundation this is just one thing that could be leading or that could be one cause of this particular thing that I do see so some area inspectors won't look at include inside walls won't cup and cut open drywall or insulation so they're not gonna generally actually cut open the wall and see what kind of insulation is there and give you that that in depth calculation or insight inside pipes or water sewer line so they're not actually going in to the pipes so they're gonna get they might give you some indication on how old the pipes are maybe or something like that but possibly not going right inside then inside the chimneys behind electrical panels furthermore most home inspectors are generalists that is they can tell you what the plumbing might have a problem but then will recommend that you hire an expert to verify the issue and give you an estimate of the cost to fix it so clearly we're talking about a whole lot of things in the home no one individual is an expert on all those things because all those things kind of require specialists to be experts in them so the inspector themselves you would think has to be a generalist they can give you a general idea if there is a problem with a particular thing you would think you might have to go to the expert in a similar way as if you go into a general doctor and you've got some problem with your toe you've got to go to the toe doctor whoever the whatever they call the toe doctor so in any case of course hiring additional inspectors will cost extra money so home home inspectors also do not specify specifically check for termite damage site condiment site contamination mold asbestos engineering problems and other specialized problems so if they if they have reason to suspect though they'll likely give you a heads up so they'll probably say how this could be this kind of more specialized type of issue then they might recommend someone else to go further into it so some inspectors offer radon testing as an add-on some will recommend asbestos testing services if your home appears to be at risk so they might be able to determine if it's more at risk for example by the year it was it was built in the track housing that it's in the you know in the common practices of that area might lead the inspector to make some assumptions about certain things possibly however problems without visual cues pests radon lead may crop up after the inspection after the inspection once you have the results of your home inspection you have several options if the problems are too significant or too expensive to fix you can choose to walk away from the purchase as long as the purchase contract has an inspection contingency so that's the point of the inspection if you're saying oh the foundation is cracked or something well that's kind of a problem that you would think that would be a big issue to fix and then you might you know be able to remove yourself from the contract in that instance for problems large or small you can ask the seller to fix them reduce the purchase price or give you a cash credit at the close to fix the problems yourself so now as you're still in the process before this thing is closed what can you do about them well you could go to the seller and say I would like you to fix this before the thing is over or you can say well I would like you to reduce the purchase price given the fact that there is this problem that I'm gonna have to deal with that I didn't know about before the inspection or they can give you the cash credit at closing in that instance so those are instances where you might be able to negotiate because you're still kind of getting back to the negotiation because this thing hasn't yet closed so this is where the home inspection can pay for itself several times over if these operations aren't viable to your situation for example if the property is bank owned or being sold as is you can get estimates to fix the problems yourself and come up with a plan for repairs in order for other important and affordable once you own the property so if you can't if you can't have any recourse with the seller change the contract for whatever reason or they're not buying that or they don't want to change it then the question is well do you want to go through with the contract at that point and how much will it cost to do so to deal with these added issues that you didn't know before the inspection so worth the investment question the cost to hire a home inspector varies greatly depending on the size of the home and the region the range is roughly 300 to $500 of course that can go much higher if the general inspections findings lead to more specialized inspectors being called in ask ahead of time how an inspector charges it's important to put things in perspective remember that an inspection is not the sole determination for buying a house maybe you're willing to make some renovations to the house with these problems the inspection will help you determine exactly how many you'll need to do never free and clear of problems so an inspection will always find a problem with a home that's the I mean if the inspector goes in there they kind of feel obligated to find some problem right that's what that's what reviewers do and whatnot so even new construction will have minor issues that need to be addressed not a not about getting all the fixes done no seller is going to fix everything for you so you can't go into the inspection and say well look the inspector came up with these things therefore these have to be done before the before the deal is closed now it's still a negotiation process so you're gonna have to think you know you're gonna have to negotiate still so they may negotiate on some of them but the expecting to resolve all issues is unreasonable


Hello and welcome to a video lecture on Satellite Tracking. Myself, K.R. Biradar, Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Wall Change Institute of Technology, Solapur. First we shall see the, what are the different learning outcomes for this video. At the end of this video, you will be able to classify different types of satellite tracking techniques. Before looking into actual topic, recall what are the different subsystems of earth station. Pass the video, memorize and write your answer. I think you might have written the answer. The different subsystems of earth stations are transmitter, receiver, antenna and last one is tracking subsystem. In this video, I am going to discuss the last one that is satellite tracking subsystem. What is satellite tracking is all about. It is a process in which the position of north of orbiting satellite is monitored. Its various uses are visual, observation, active or passive radio communication are simply follow the current location and ground track of the satellite. Architecture of satellite tracking. The figure shows the block diagram of satellite tracking system. The earth station antenna makes use of beacon signal to track itself to the desired position in both azimuth and elevation. The auto track receiver see the diagram drives the tracking correction data or in some cases the estimated position of the satellite. The estimated position is then compared with the measured position in the control subsystem whose output feeds the servomechanism. In the case manual track method, the desired position of satellite in the two orthogonal axis are set by the operator whereas in the program track method the desired position of satellite in the two orthogonal axis are set by the computer. The difference in actual and desired antenna positions produces error signal. This error signal is used to drive the antenna. Tracking techniques. The various types of tracking techniques are low switching first one, second one is sequential lobing, third one is conical scan, fourth one is mono pulse technique and last one is step track. First one we shall see now low switching. In low switching tracking technology, here antenna beam is rapidly switched between two positions around the antenna axis in a single plane as shown here. The two amplitudes that is satellite eco amplitude one and satellite eco amplitude two as shown in the diagram are compared for the two low positions, position one and position two. The difference between the two amplitudes is the indication for locating the target with respect to the antenna axis. Here target is the satellite. When the object to be tracked is on the axis the eco amplitudes for the two positions of the beam are equal and then the difference between the two amplitude that is amplitude one and amplitude two is zero. When the object is on one side of the antenna axis the amplitude and the sense of the difference signal tells how much and what side of the antenna axis the object is located. The difference signal then we use to generate correction signal with the help of servo control and the loop is used to drive the antenna to bring the object onto the antenna axis. Next one is sequential lobing. In sequential lobing the beam is slightly shifted off the antenna axis. The squinted beam is sequentially placed in four discrete angular positions around the antenna axis as shown in the figure. The angular information about the object to be tracked is determined by processing several eco signals. The error information is contained in the eco signal amplitude variations. The squinting and beam switching is done with the help of electronically controlled feed and therefore can be done very rapidly practically simulating simultaneous lobing. Next one is conical scan. This is similar to sequential lobing except for the difference that in case of conical scan the squinted beam is scanned rapidly and continuously in circular path around the axis as shown in the diagram. The object to be tracked is of the antenna axis the amplitude of the eco signals varies with antenna's scan position. The tracking system senses the amplitude variations and the phase delay as function of the scan position to determine the angular coordinates. The amplitude variation provides information on the amplitude of the angular error and the phase delay indicates direction. The angular error information is then used to steer the antenna axis to make it coincide with the object location. This technique offers good tracking accuracy and an average response time. It is however not in common use. Next one is monopulse tracking. There are two types of monopulse tracking technology. First one is amplitude comparison monopulse. Second one is phase comparison monopulse technique. In this video I am going to discuss only amplitude comparison monopulse technique. Amplitude comparison monopulse technique. In case of amplitude comparison monopulse the antennae use four fields placed symmetrically around the focal point. Figure 5A shows the wave fronts of the issued signal for to be tracked satellite being on antenna axis. Similarly, figure 5B shows the wave fronts of the issued signal for to be tracked satellite being off antenna axis. In the on antenna axis the wave front will be focused on to a spot on the antenna axis as shown in figure 6A. For off axis location of satellite the focus spot will also be off the antenna axis as shown in figure 6B. As a consequence in the case of satellite being on axis the amount of energy falling on four fields representing four quadrants quadrant A quadrant B quadrant C quadrant D will be same. When the satellite is located off axis the amount of energy falling on four fields will be different depending on which quadrant around the antenna axis the satellite is located. Figure 6A to E shows five different cases figure 6A shows satellite is on the axis figure 6B shows satellite located above antenna axis with same azimuth location figure 6C shows satellite located below antenna axis with the same azimuth location figure 6D shows satellite located towards right of antenna axis with same elevation location figure 6C shows satellite located towards left of the axis with same elevation location. Last one is step track in case of step track antenna axis are moved in small incremental positions in order to maximize received signal strength it is simple and low cost. It is best suited for small and medium earth stations this technique is susceptible to amplitude perturbations caused by signal fading. Accuracy of tracking is determined by step size and signal to nice ratio. These are the some of the references I referred to prepare above PPT. Thank you.


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Prepare-a-thon! Five days of winter safety tips starts Monday, brought to you by Georgia Power. Follow along on Georgia Power's social media channels or visit georgiapower.com slash prepare-a-thon.


The floor may not be in your robot. Dear Jamie, I had a seriously weird day last week. Like, weirder than that time we found Jason watching that creepypasta, Squidman's death or whatever. But honestly, I need your help with this. It happened last Monday when I was out for a jog. I had been jogging for 20 minutes or so when I decided I needed a rest. I walked up to a bench near a park, wiping 40 liters of sweat from my brow. I had only been sat down for a minute or two when a little boy walked up to the seat next to me. Just as he sat down I decided to have a quick look at him. He was pretty short and wore a yellow sweater which was odd, considering it's the middle of summer here. He also had blue jeans and some pretty shoes, which were bright red, with some white wear the material changed. He looked up at me and tapped my shoulder. He asked if I watched TV, which I thought was odd until I remembered that some people use stuff like Netflix to watch shows. I thought that he was doing a survey for school about or something. Since I watch barely any TV but watch the news every afternoon with an antenna, I said that I did, and he looked down. He seemed to be thinking about what I said. He looked up with a cheery smile and asked if I watched Arthur. I hadn't watched that show since I was 4 or something. I shook my head and his already large smile widened. Then a woman walked up to us. She was a fairly pretty woman, although she had that married women vibe about her. She started talking to the child, and since she called him honey, I'd guessed she was his mother. I heard the boy say to the mother, ''Mummy, can this kind lady come to our house to watch Arthur?'' It was a very odd thing to say. She said that if I wanted to, I could. He looked at me like he was waiting for an answer, as if he somehow knew I had been eavesdropping on their conversation. I had absolutely nothing to do that day, and I'd rather watch a children's show than sleep for 8 hours. As I agreed, he almost tore my ear off, leading to me his home which was surprisingly close to the park. Half an hour of talking about a single show later, we started watching Arthur. Or a still image of Arthur's face. Not bloody, not hyperalistic as Jason would say, just his face. We had an amazing time. When it finished, I talked to the child and left the house. On the way home, I visited the Sunday markets, as I felt like I hadn't eaten in a week. The weird thing about this, is that I realized something. You hadn't watched Arthur for years. Strange, isn't it? You should visit tomorrow, we can watch Arthur. I love Arthur. I'm sure you will too. From your friend, Dora Winifred. Thank you for watching.


As an aspiring engineer, I really can't deny that the Indo-Pacific region is where it's at for the up and coming technologies. It's where all the innovation is being brought out recently in the world and I can see that that's where it's going in the future. So I'm really glad that the New Colombo Plan set my sights onto the Indo-Pacific region in the first place because I wouldn't have known about all these things until I was there experiencing it. The reason that I chose South Korea mainly was because it has a huge electronics engineering base there. So I went to the top technology university in the country, if not one of the best in the world, which was KAIST, they call it the Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology. So I studied there for a semester and I actually did all of the major courses that I would have done in South Australia anyway. I was actually the first New Colombo Plan scholar to take use of the business partnership between Telstra and the NCP in an internship in Hong Kong. When I came back to Adelaide after my scholarship program they kept me on as an intern and after graduation I started here full-time on the Gold Coast at the 5G Innovation Centre. So we do a lot of work here in anticipating what is going to be the future of the home and the workplace. So augmented reality is one thing that we see to be able to enable the workforce of the future, enabling connectivity in all places. Welcome to the 5G Innovation Centre, which is one of Telstra's ways to show customers the possibilities. So even though I'm an engineer it's really important that I'm able to communicate what we're doing here to customers that come into the centre. So I do some presentations on what is connected workforce and what is augmented reality because it's not something that the everyday person understands yet. So for someone who knew absolutely nothing about South Korea before I went, I feel like now it's a huge part of my life. I feel like I'm really involved in the language, with the food, with the history and especially now with the music and the arts culture as well. I think this whole experience has really changed my life for the better. I think I've really learnt resilience and adaptability, which is something really important, especially as I head into a career in technology where I don't know what's going to be coming next. I don't know the next gadget that's going to be out. I don't know what country they're going to put me in next. So I feel like it's really set me up to just be open to anything and to be really adaptable and resilient in any situation.


Okay in this video we're going to talk about a penny stock that could be reaching $10 soon. It's a stock that's arc invested heavily invested in. I'm going to give you my take on it in this video. I've got to say I'm not a financial advisor. I'm a business teacher in my daily life but I'm by no means an expert on the stock market. We'll go straight into the information. If you leave the video a like that would be fantastic. It's now my fourth video today and I am starting to get really tired now but we'll get right into it. We'll get right into the information. So the stock we're talking about today is Seragon and the ticker symbol here for Seragon Networks is CRNT. This stock's been talked about a little bit. I'm going to give you my take on it here as well and you can notice here that arc invest is actually invested in Seragon. They've got a lot of shares here in terms of the market value and the interesting thing here is the weight percentage, 3.82%. It's also their second biggest holding but after the recent increase, slight recent increase, I still think it's got a lot further to go. I think it's going to potentially go to $10. But even due to this slight recent increase, well I'll say slight, it's been quite a bit of an increase. This probably portfolio weight wise in terms of money invested in the stock is probably going to go to number one. So this could be the number one holding soon. Okay, Seragon Networks. So who are they? Who are Seragon Networks? What do they do? So they're involved in many different areas. So first of all and most importantly, they're involved in mobile and telecom and they unlock 5G potential with flexible wireless hauling. And then they've got maritime oil and gas which is offshore operations made simple with a reliable secure high capacity low latency solution. Then you've got public safety and you've got regional carriers and ISPs and also utilities in terms of operational efficiency. And what do they try to do? So their values are that their operational efficiency. So they are very efficient in what they're doing and what they're providing, particularly with 5G efficiency is incredibly important. Peace of mind and business success. Okay. So before we move on to some further information about this stock, I would say if you can like the video, subscribe to the channel if you're new, that'd be fantastic. And turn on notifications, we cover many penny stocks.  You'll be first to the queue for the information. We talked about a stock earlier today called Inuva, right? Inuva, I'll have you pronounce it, Inuva. It was at 0.6. Okay. It's now at $1.50, $1.60 around that $1.40. So it's more than doubled. It's almost on for a massive, even more return than that. So again, if you want to get alerted to the next like hot is penny stocks that are potentially going to run up, then turn on the notifications and subscribe to the channel. And thank you for all the support that you've all been given. I'm trying to get to 10,000 subscribers as fast as we can. Okay. So moving into this, I want to focus upon the 5G area for this company here, because this is an area that's growing. So growing market. And you can see here it says 5G is expected to create opportunities for service providers, new revenue streams, service offerings and additional target markets. Now, in terms of global mobile data, it's going to be increasing more. There's going to be increases in data. And 5G is a massive market, potentially one of the biggest markets out there in terms of potential growth and total addressable market here. And you can see the potential here. And I think that it has got a lot of potential. And I think you do need to have a couple of 5G players in your portfolio, because you want a piece of that pie in terms of in that market that's just going to expand and grow. Okay. So this one's got potential. Some interesting thoughts here. So it's positions to capitalise on accelerated multi-year evolution of 5G. It's recognised 5G technology is a leader with enabling technologies and products uniquely suited to the up and right up and core approach. Products give operators critical time to market flexibility, capacity and cost advantages. It's positions to obtain market share of highest value opportunities, and to gain overall market share, which is brilliant because they've got the innovation already. They've got the products and what they're trying to do is then expand and commercialise and build on the market share. It's now participating in growing numbers of new selection process, moving from design wins to low volume POCs towards volume shipments and deployment beginning late 2021. With this, there's a lot of catalysts as well, dependent on contracts that they get as well. They've also got financial stability enabling continuous innovation and design to cost investment, which is brilliant. And also another point here is actually the fact that they've actually been increasingly, the analysts have been increasing their price targets on this stock. So you've had Needham, which has actually, after a confident conference talk that they viewed and they were happy with this conference talk, they actually increased their buy rating on this stock. They actually increased it, which is important there because if analysts are going to continue to increase it, that's going to have an impact potentially on the share price as well. And it has a little bit as well already. The stock as you can see here is currently set at 647, I believe it's 33% up on the day. So it has actually moved up quite a bit. It's starting to have a bit of a dip now though, which may present a buying opportunity. I do got to say you have to be careful with this stock because it has run up a lot and you don't want to get firmer. So I'm establishing a position in this stock and I have, but I haven't put a massive position in it. It's a really small position. I'm trying to build my positions in 5G stocks because it is a growing industry, I do recognize that, but I'm also in EV sector, I'm in a clean energy sector, other sectors as well that are growing industries. Robotics is a very big one for me. We've called out a robotic stock before, TransEntrix. We were one of the first YouTubers to call it out at 0.80 or something like that, 0.70 and it's now at $2, $53, I forget now, but it's fluctuating, but it's up a lot. So that's why you subscribe because we go through the hottest penny stocks and we go through ones that have got a lot of potential. But again, this one I do think has got the potential to break $10 and go to $10 in the medium term. I think it may take a few months for it to actually break $10, but I think it's got potential to do so. It's certainly got potential to move up from its current price, but I would potentially only put a small position on this stock at this current price, but I do think that it's going to run up further, so maybe put more of it than a small position. You decide on the strategy on that, how much weight and you would want on this stock if you're considering it, but like say, I'm personally only having a small position, but I do see the potential as a company as well. Anyways, thanks for watching the video. Don't forget to leave the video a like, subscribe to the channel, and I'll see everybody in the next one.


Today, you're working in the emergency department, the paramedic from Rings. They're bringing in a 20-year-old involved in a motor vehicle accident. Welcome to the EM Ottawa Trauma Video Series. In this series, we will discuss the approach to trauma. We'll break this down into mechanism, primary survey and resuscitation, secondary survey. We'll also discuss the Canadian sea spine and the CT head rules. Let's begin. To prepare for the patient's arrival, we would like some more detail about the accident. What history about the accident do you think would be important for us? These are the factors we would like to know. The speed of the vehicles, the mechanism of the collision, whether this was head-on, t-bone, or rollover, what kind of vehicle, such as recreational vehicle, bicycles, whether there are safety restraints being used such as seat belts, airbags, and car seats for children. The damage to the cars, where and how much, and whether there was intrusion into the compartment. You also want to know whether there are other occupants who were expelled from the car or have died on scene. That usually means a bad prognosis because it reflects high impact of the collision. The patient now arrives. This is a healthy 28-year-old who is involved in a high-speed rollover collision. He did not have a seat belt on and was thrown from the car. His vital signs are as follows, blood pressure is 80 over 60, heart rate of 120, rest rate of 30, saturation is 90% of room air, and it appears untunded. Now that we know a little bit about the mechanism, we'll approach the patient with the trauma primary survey. What is the primary survey? The primary survey is your first trauma assessment. The steps in the primary survey have to be done sequentially. We do not go to the next step until the previous component is corrected. The objective of the primary survey is to identify any life-threatening injury and resuscitate the patient quickly. There are five components of the primary survey. They are airway, breathing, circulation, disability, and exposure. We will first discuss airway. In the airway assessment, we assess for the patency of the airway, meaning whether the airway is open to airflow or is it obstructed. Since the patient can have other injuries such as cervical spine injury, any airway assessment or intervention needs to be done with the cervical spine being immobilized. The neck must not move. Let us look at a cross-section of the airway. The tongue is here. The trachea is anterior to the esophagus. In a patent airway, air flows from the nasal pharynx and the oral pharynx into the trachea. Now, what can cause obstruction of the airway, especially when the patient is lying flat? Any secretions, including blood and vomit, can pull in the oral and nasal pharynx and further down the trachea causing an obstruction. Any distortion of the anatomy can cause obstruction as well. That can include fracture or swelling from expanding hematoma that leads to compression. In patients with decreased level of consciousness, their tongue can fall backwards due to poor muscle tone causing airway obstruction. How do we assess for airway patency? We listen and watch. In an alert patient, if the patient is able to talk to you, they have a patent airway now. In an alert patient, if the patient is not able to speak, or is only making gurgling noises, the airway is obstructed. Something is blocking the airflow from the oral pharynx to the trachea. In an obtained patient who is making respiratory efforts, if you hear noisy breathing, there is an airway obstruction. If the patient is not making any respiratory effort because of decreased level of consciousness, we will presume they also lost the muscular tone to keep the airway patent. As a general rule, a Glasgow coma scale of less than 8 usually signifies the need for an airway intervention. Let's go back to our patient. In our patient, he is making gurgling noises when he breathes. Therefore, he has an obstructed airway. How do we fix an airway obstruction? If the airway is obstructed due to blood to vomit, we can use suction to clear out the debris. We can also use a jaw thrust to pull the mandible and hence move the tongue more anteriorly. We need to be careful not to do a head tilt because that will move the neck. Both suction and jaw thrust are temporary measures. We can also insert an oral airway or a nasal pharyngeal airway to keep a rigid structure in the oral and nasal pharynx. However, they do not prevent blood or secretions from going into the trachea. The definitive airway management is an endotracheal intubation. It starts in the oral pharynx and goes directly into the trachea, bypassing all the structures that may cause obstruction. It also prevents aspiration into the lungs. There are other extragalodic devices such as LMA that you might have seen used in other cases in the emergency department. However, they do not protect against aspiration. If an endotracheal intubation cannot be done due to difficult anatomy, then a cricothyroidotomy is performed to gain access into the trachea through the interior neck. This is an advanced airway skill and will not be discussed here. Since our patient's GCS is low and his breathing was noisy, we decided to intubate him. After securing the airway, we can then move on to the next step of the primary survey, breathing. Please refer to that video.


We're here at ITU Telecom World 2016 on day 3 in Bangkok, Thailand, and I'm very pleased to be joined in the studio this morning by John Galvin, who is General Manager and Vice President for Government and Education for the Intel Corporation. John, thanks so much for being with us in the studio today. Good morning. It's a pleasure to be here. Now, the Broadbank Commissioner, which you're a commissioner, have just released the new Broadbank Commission report. What are your main conclusions on what works to stimulate ICT adoption? Yeah, working on the report really with some other government entities, some civil entities, and really some other public and private entities, gave us the opportunity to really look at countries who have been focused on ICT and deployments for some time. The first two conclusions really are somewhat obvious, right? The first is accessibility. Is the infrastructure there for people to connect? But what we decided to focus on was really the demand generation elements of it, which is around just people realizing what it can be used for. Is it affordable to them? What is going to prompt them to actually go use it today? By focusing on actual case studies, it's less about us speculating on what that might be, but really looking at countries who have very successfully deployed it and other countries who may not have deployed it as successfully as they would like or are still in the midst of doing deployments. So for us, we think it's a great opportunity to bring real-life case studies to other countries so that they too can now deploy programs like these and get the next billion people online. And how is Intel working towards creating a demand import ban? Yeah, well, the demand really starts with what am I going to use it for? So that means that we have to go local. We have to be able to work with local partners, understand what those usage models are. Is there a health use case? Is there an education use case, which is something that we have focused on for the past four to five years, but it's also around employment, access to information, and even entertainment. But it really means that we have to be able to work with governments on programs to be able to educate people on what's available to them and how it's going to essentially change their lives. Now, talking about collaboration, how important is a collaborative approach in driving industry growth? Oh, it's critical that we collaborate. All internet access really requires a local approach. And that means that we have to be able to engage with those local partners. We need to be able to deploy solutions that are going to work for people in those rural areas. In many cases, it really requires that we're going to work on programs targeting girls and women, who we know really lack access at just a global level. And so there's a number of initiatives that we drive at a global level, but it really all starts with us partnering locally and understanding what we need to be able to deploy in that country. Now, I wanted to ask you, in terms of accelerating the digital economy, what's the most important factor, do you think? Yeah, you know, I wish there was a silver bullet there, that there was only one thing that we could do. But overall, it's continued to invest in the infrastructure, make sure that people can get the connectivity. It's about education, making sure that they're aware that it's available to them and what it's actually going to take to actually use it. We have to make it affordable. And so that still is looking at NSF, NSO, seeing if we can get creative. And then let's give people real reasons to go out there and use the internet, which means that we want to be able to solve problems that they have in their lives today. Finally, we're here at ITU Telecom World 2016. I wanted to ask you, what's the value of attending events such as this? Well, the real value of this event is that I can meet with all of the key players that I need to meet with. I can hear from new players that we haven't engaged with some of the problems that they're having. But this is a real opportunity just for us to be able to come together as partners, share with each other what we're doing, and create new opportunities for us to work together in the future. Joan Galvin, thank you very much indeed. Thank you.


Hey, Tyler. How you doing, man? I'm doing good. Appreciate you, Braxton. So everybody talks about how stacked this team is and the talent that's on this roster. But a lot of people don't talk about the journey that all these players had. And all of them were undrafted or drafted late, such as Antonio Brown, Cameron Bray, Jayden Mickens, including yourself being drafted late as well. Do people under-appreciate the hard work and motivation that you guys have that you put in to get to this point? Really, everybody got their own opinion. I feel like you can't change somebody's opinion until you do something that is better yourself. And with that, to better yourself, you just come in every day and work. That's probably why I love to work so much because I don't really care what other people think of me and things like that. But I would say all the names that you just said, I'll just be able to see them work every day. So I'm happy for it. I'm happy for them. And I'm excited.


Whoa This is a big group. I'm not used to talking to so many people at one time, but We'll get through this Actually, I have fun. This is probably one of the more fun parts of the research that I do and by the way Duane is in some respects is wrong because I'm a graduate of the Montana State University not North Dakota State Well, you know Ruth is in a hurry she probably had to do half your work, too at any rate Let's get going time is limited because I do have quite a few slides here a lot of information lots of pictures You'll notice as we go forward that I use lots of pictures I like pictures because they're worth a thousand words and more so I don't have to do all the talking you can see for yourself The first thing I want to do is to thank these sponsors that are here today for your meeting because they're paying my expenses So I appreciate that. Thank you very much The title of our talk today is grazing synergy and regenerative agriculture Crop grazing microbial soil health and greenhouse gas emissions You probably haven't heard too much about greenhouse gas emissions except that the the sky is falling from all liberals that are on social media and whatever but We're still going to be around Even though they're worried about everything. I think the earth has been warming since the ice age Have you noticed that? Yeah. Well, it's continuing humans are just accelerating it a little bit With that in mind, I am I am Doug Landblum a Animal scientist from Turkey has been working with me for about seven years Larry Chachik a soil scientist out of NDSU and so The three of us and some other folks are working on this particular long-term research. It's a 10-year project Next summer we will or this summer coming. I guess we're already in 2019 We will plant our ninth crop in this 10-year project. So we've been at it for a while I might add that as we as we move forward here Some of the things I want to talk about soil health, but in the beginning. Well, let me not get there yet In terms of soil health, we want to look at these five principles. Now if you're an agronomist You look at these four and you stop here. You don't know that livestock exists But we cattle guys. We know that livestock integration plays a huge role in Soil health and so we want livestock if we can we want to have livestock in the In the equation we want to have of course. We want soil armor. We want to minimize soil disturbance We're doing that by using no-till we want a lot of diversity in our crop So we have wide crop rotations Continual live plant root in the ground we use cover crops to help us do that and when integrate livestock into our system and So we have three points in this triangle the three primary points as you can see there are Crop rotations soil health and livestock grazing and they interact between each other in an integrated Systems work that I'm working on You take a look here We have a study going on and what we have in this piece of research as we have Spring wheat grown continuously year after year after year under no-till and We're comparing that basically to spring wheat grown in a five crop rotation and this rotation includes cover crops after the wheat Which precedes corn? Corn it precedes a field pea barley followed up by sunflowers in that rotation There are the four crop types. There are your two warm season. You have your broadleaf and Grass type warm season crops. You have your broadleaf and grass type cool season crops and so we want those four crop types in there and They're placed in that rotation Intentionally the way they are because In our cover crop. We're trying to use a cover crop that has a carbon nitrogen ratio somewhere in that Let's say 35 to 45 CN ratio which We'll break down more rapidly. Okay, if we have one that is high Let's say corn residue Sunflower residue Those are more lignified those heavy stocks and you can see in your own fields. They break down More slowly. Okay, so we we what we have here is we have these more rapid breakdown crops Here's peas and and barley they break down quite rapidly. So they're preceding The higher nutrient requirement crops such as corn and sunflower in that rotation and the rotation gives us Diversity, okay, I think I'm driving a cameraman nuts, but that's okay so we asked the question why see the cover crop and been lots of discussion about cover crops and We just talked about it earlier, but minimum disturbance using no-till seeding Livestock involved providing crop diversity maintaining a living root So we prevent erosion. We increase soil organic matter. We increase soil nutrient cycling such as nitrogen phosphorus Potassium reduce fertilizer inputs. We produce forage for hanging and or grazing in this situation If you looked if you remember what we had now you have the handout so it isn't in color, but You can see here after we Harvest that spring wheat We come in behind that about the 15th of September and we seed winter triticale hairy vetch It could be winter rye. I happen to have selected winter Triticale at the time and so we continue on through if it were today I would probably in research you can't make quick changes I would change to winter rye, but that's neither here or there today After that winter rye the next spring by about mid-June We swat that down roll it up for hay and come back behind Burn it down seed a cover crop and then we graze that cover crop either with cows or yearling steers in In the in the fall. Okay, so that's what happens in terms of a cover crop Procedure after spring wheat. Okay, so it's a multi cover crop really with the winter crop followed by a summer crop So it's a dual cropping system and it gives us off your amount of tonnage In total with the cover crop hay as well as grazing If you take a look at the amount of tonnage Cover crops seeded in this particular manner in other words not being a full season cover crop But one that follows a spring grain crop in that situation You'll notice that in 2011 here's your years along here 11 through 17. I don't have 18 on the chart, but what you'll notice is you've got a year in 2011 you got 2014 you got 2017 those were very low production years now in 14 We had a tremendous amount of rain Okay, a lot of rain in our area on Unbelievable and so I think that the cover crop species that we had selected a lot of them Don't like wet feet because it was really wet and That's one of the reasons we think that we got such a low response in a real high moisture year because of the crops We have this is drought and this is exceptional drought over here in 17 Otherwise running around four and a quarter three and a quarter two ninety two five Tons of the acre. This is dry matter tons to the acre So on a wet basis you'd have to calculate that up Cover crop mix so a cover crop mix is in this case cover crop mixes can be Oh from five to in this case I think there's 12 or 13 species in there a lot of times I use a small amount Like in this case of these clovers, they're expensive So there's only seven tenths of a percent or a third of a pound per acre Just a small amount and the goal is to get a lot of root Diversity in that cover crop as we as we see that so in this case we're seeding about 43 pounds per acre One of the challenges we have with cover crop is is increasing diversity and a number of species But try to keep the price down and they can get they can get expensive and so you know your challenge with Getting a return on your investment. Okay? after five years of Spring wheat taking a look at the control wheat Versus the wheat grown in rotation if you look at those charts You'll see that there's a trend line here. That's going this way in the control Trend line in the rotation wheat though is going this way and then I'll tell you that At this point in the in the study with the control wheat our soil test said after this year We no longer needed fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer however in our soil tests in the rotation Our so our soil tests said that we no longer needed fertilizer here so from 2013 14 and 15 there was no nitrogen fertilizer applied in this case 14 and 15 no fertilizer applied and as we took fertilizer away Look what happened to the yields? this is a product of the microbial mineral Isation taking place in other words the new trade then microbes in the soil are Mineralizing nitrogen making it available to the plant as plant food and this here we have you know We've got your 14 bushels difference in yield per acre of spring wheat in that situation If I look at all of the crops that were grown and I there's a lot of slides I could have in here this talk I have about a hundred slides and so you only get 35 today This is the five-year net return I have all those numbers that support these things, but you don't have time for that but notice here Between the spring wheat control to the spring rotation in terms of net return is about a $15 per bushel When I took a look at the five years over the five years that of markets and prices and yields and costs, etc in that particular situation And seeing that sunflower is our highest net return crop in this situation if we look at If we look at I have to change hands my I have carpal tunnel and this one goes to sleep So I might drop the microphone, but If you look at these two charts the chart on the left is the control of the wheat and what you have on there are Three lines and the three lines represent if you can see The blue is the cropped area The orange is a a route restricted area and the gray happens to be native pasture under similar range sites The orange line Is a situation where we took eight inch aluminum? Irrigation pipes eight inch by 24 inch and we push them into the ground into the soil with payloader So that there was maybe about this much sticking out of the top of the above the ground, okay, so inside that curbing or that aluminum pipe roots from the growing wheat cannot get in and scavenge nitrogen Okay, so that nitrogen whatever nitrogen was being mineralized Inside that curbing was there and not being released so the difference that you see here between the blue line and the orange line is the amount of nitrogen that was being produced versus that Which the crop had used so we have this difference here and you can see under the rotation Wheat growing in that five crop rotation. We have a larger amount of n Being produced in in the area. Okay, these dates are like the first of June. This is October Here's about time you combine right in here. Okay, those just happen to be calendar dates If we look at this regression and and it's a kind of a scatter regression and don't worry about that part But you can notice the slope of our line is one in which we go from about two and a half percent Organic matter in our soils in the research up to not quite what six and three quarters something of that nature So we have this range. I have an aerial photograph and I did not put it in the in the slide set and I should have but what we have is a gradient of soil as We come from let's say south or north to south across this This experimental area and these are not little plots necessarily. They're about four point three acre fields so they're smaller fields and So they're large enough for me to get in and graze with year-length steers. Okay, so a little bit larger and From south to north if you think of the blocks on this floor That's a lot like our fields are set out and we go from quite a good soil To a V bar sandy type soil with some sandstone In the surface so it's not very good soil as we move up But if you'll notice even those poorer soils are showing somewhere in that two and a half percent soil organic matter our higher and better quality soils are up in this area of the of that a Regression line okay in terms of parts per million of mineralized nitrogen as it contrasts against soil organic matter all right in some laboratory mineralization work that we've been doing with these soils in 2014 to 16 is the time period that three-year period of soils We are finding under ideal conditions. I need to point that out. We're mineralizing about 16 point 18 16.8 pounds of potential mineralized nitrogen per acre as you look at this at this particular situation, so That's in the rotation versus The control okay, so we think we're making some progress We know we're making some progress because this is a significant amount of Nitrogen being mineralized and justifies why you saw that increase in wheat yields In the rotation chart that I previously showed you back here. No That's too far that one This is the effect of mineralized nitrogen that the soil microbes are Are producing I'm going to get into ray ray wards area just a little bit. We've have done some microbial analysis using The laboratory and analysis that ward labs does and ray ward is on the program later this later on I'm just going to make a quick mention that This particular Soil samples were taken in 17 during the exceptional drought in Dickinson and we had very poor yields I'm going to tell you Given that situation I looked at microbial biomass and they they provide a tremendous amount of information And so I've just extracted a little bit of that information for you in three areas that I think are particularly important in In a baseline Evaluation we're going to take some more samples this coming summer and see how they contrast with these in terms of biomass or the abundance of microbial presence based on Phospholipid fatty acid content of cell walls and all living organisms have phospholipids in their cell walls and so it's a it's a very good Indicator to use this is in nanograms Program of soil, but you see and I've got the colors of the different crops here So our highest our highest one happens to be this darker green, which is a pea barley mix Remember we have that in the crop system and and so forth But you look at these well actually this is the highest one which we get over here to the Triticale hairy vetch the point being is that these are up in this range of you know 14 something to 2100 nanograms per gram of soil and we would actually like to see those I think under Under an environment where we had adequate moisture. We will probably see 3500 to 4000 Nanograms per gram of soil, okay This is under a drought situation and when those when that soil is almost bone dry Those organisms are unable to respire and to multiply and reproduce themselves and so as a result they We're not going to have a very large number this particular little chart here in terms of functional group diversity In other words my crew the the structure of the microbial community and some of these words are probably like a foreign language to you That's okay. They kind of are to me as well, but the point being is on a scale of one to two Even though we were dry and the the total abundance or the microbial biomass wasn't was about half of what we'd like it to see under a drought condition the the the complexity of the organisms in That soil is quite good Because from a score of zero to two You see these are up in that one point five to two one point six and so a pretty decent Diversity in the functional groups of those microbes that are in the soil and that's important Okay, because it's a balance of a variety of different things that live in the soil and then they do a soil health Calculation and ray will get into probably all of that stuff, but on a range of zero to fifty We're in that 13 14 something like that In their literature they talk about seven and above being a valuable This is something that you look at year after year after year to see if you're seeing change in your values Okay, we won't say anything more about it than that the other thing that they do and something I just showed you basically based on the The amount of nitrogen that's being mineralized in the soil This is a test that that the laboratory does as well as we take a look at the the NPNK cost per acre that they That they have calculated Then they take a look at the nitrogen available based on Microbial analysis do the difference and then give you a value of savings in dollars per acre of nitrogen that's being Mineralized in that soil okay, and he'll go into that and in effect That's basically what I told you in the previous slide and this sort of validates what they've all that what they are saying as well from Dr. La word's lab greenhouse gases We know they're an issue in society in our environment. They are naturally occurring Some of the things we do we would like to reduce the amount of CO2 if we could we'd like to reduce methane if possible And we'd like to reduce nitrous oxide but there's a balance in nature between the environment the atmosphere and Rains that are loaded with nitrogen as it rains our crops are Fertilized with nitrogen when we get a rainstorm or a thunderstorm, okay? So there's a balance in nature We won't go into those cycles here today in terms of the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle etc but the point being One of our question was because we have grazing in our research is what is the impact of grazing on these particular grasses? These crops can we actually? make a difference Does grazing hurt it and cause more does grazing cause less or is there no difference and The way we've studied that is we've taken these little static chambers And we have a cage is notice we had some cattle panel here around some of those chambers and some chambers Have no there's grazing around these and we restrict grazing around these with Livestock cattle panel. I don't know if you could see those but these little chambers are in in there We put some steel posts around them because the cattle play with them and they knock them out of the soil And and we have problems so we use steel posts to keep them from damaging those those chambers and So just let me show you that data quickly and if I take a look at the cumulative or the total amount of Gases from grazed and non grazed sites if you look here at carbon dioxide in terms of measured in kilograms per hectare If we want that a by acre we multiply it by point eight nine three and you got pounds per acre But at any rate notice here under grazed is the green bar the ungrazed is the orange bar We've got less carbon dioxide When under grazing in the case of methane It's about the same really not much difference between those two But in the case of nitrous oxide we have a little bit less nitrous oxide where it's grazed than where it's ungrazed Nitrous oxide is an interesting is an interesting gas When we get a rain event such as a thunderstorm We'll see this nitrous oxide going along as we take you know samples week after week after week and we get a rain event Boom, they just bounce up those organisms just explode in activity Producing a large volume of nitrous oxide After that rain event Here's something you may be interested in I don't know if any of you are seeding winter rye. How many seed winter rye? Oh Not one hand interesting Okay Well, I understand but Okay, okay Anyway, so you're not seeing winter rye But some of our folks are seeing winter rye in fact in North Dakota and areas where they seed a lot of soybeans They're seeding winter rye and then there's a green seeding soybeans into winter rye. Okay So one of our questions was and this is just an extension demo at the Bowman at the Sridee charlay Anga charlay ranch We went in and set up their drill and we seeded single rows of a variety of crops a radish rape turnip soybeans common vetch forage peas millet Triticale flax oats barley and sorghum sedan You can see oats barley and sorghum sedan no growth whatsoever Flax did well Triticale didn't do quite so well Millet was one of our good-growing crops the peas did well vetch did so-so and son the Soybeans did quite well. So they were pretty resistant to the chemical that winter rye Produces it produces a chemical and it's a word about this long. So I won't try to pronounce it, but it inhibits Plant growth around it and as you can see here Certain plants are quite really quite tolerant or not tolerant. They're very sensitive to it the rape These brassicas here actually they germinated and would have done fine except flea beetles wiped them out And as it got high the plants just dried up and Was a total loss, but anyway if you're not seeding winter rye you might Think about that in some cover crop type things, but it depends on what your cropping systems are and how you do things, okay? Grazing move into a little bit of grazing and and beef cattle because we do have We do have some some crops and when I used to feed cattle at one time fed my own cattle or had cattle fed in both Wyoming and Nebraska feed yards and I either made money on futures or occasionally I've made money on the cattle, but I usually made money on the futures You've probably had a lot of experience in doing that too the cattle by themselves didn't make a lot of cash Okay, was what I was trying to say So I thought to myself now how am I that's how I set this whole piece of research up along with some help From from doing back. He helped me design this project Going back in 2009 2010 and As I was feeding cattle and I was trying to think now how am I going to make more money from these cattle? And my thought was I need to own these cattle a lot longer in fact if I could own these cattle all the way to slaughter on the ranch rather than having someone else do my Work for me. I think I could probably make a little bit more money And indeed that's what I tried to do So I began with yearling steers in this particular project to see if I could hold retained ownership on those steers from birth To a carcass hanging on the rail and what kind of Dollars and cents would be involved in vertically integrated business plan plan Okay, I can't give you all of that data, but I can give you a glimpse of it. Okay So what we did as we began with with yearling steers great overwintered to grow a pound pound a half a day pound a quarter a day Okay, and then put them out on native pasture. They're there 108 days Then that feel pee barley we actually swathed it for a period of time Put it into windrows and then graze those windrows for about a month's period of time You can see some dollars tied to those pictures Took those cattle in off of that pee barley when they were done grazing and I use that sort of as a As a link between the native pasture and the corn but the corn wasn't quite ready So then we put them in in the corn and corn of course doesn't stay green all the time and they it ends up to be very dry dry corn we've had a little bit of protein supplement along with that dry corn and Got about $11 per steer invested in in supplement and then those steers Went on to the on to the feed yard and working with Steve Paisley at the University of Wyoming over here at Lingle, but going backwards. Let's look at the performance on those yearling steers they grazed for 211 days through native pasture and these annual forages corn and Pea barley, okay at that time when I was doing this particular work I was doing some stuff with cows and I'll show you that a little bit later Grazing cover crops, but anyway these yearlings grazed for 211 days They had a starting weight of 780 the ending weight of those yearlings coming off of the native Forages with 1275 pounds and you probably said to yourself man alive would never sell an animal that heavy Well, you would if you see the dollars We put on 495 pounds again cost 300 bucks to do that In terms of a gain and cost of gains here the The grazing average daily gain was about 2.3 pounds a day and it cost us 61 cents per pound of gain If I look at a little bit of a cash flow here for the yearlings if we were to sell them at the end of the grazing period Which might be a one of the options and one of the options. We've got about 600 oops 602 dollars invested in annual cow costs a background in cost of 153 The grazing cost per steer of 285 dollars. I adjusted that down and made some changes in some things. I showed you 300 previously Total cost of 1040 The ending gray in grazing steer value of 1593 that was based on On a 1275 pound steer at 125 dollars a hundred weight And grazing net return per steer of 553 dollars Based on the number of acres that those animals you use between native range plus the annual forages 8.24 acres per steer We have a net return of about 70 dollars per acre From from the cattle, okay And those numbers are based off of what I put together Yesterday, so those are those are current dollars and cents and market values if we do not sell those animals at the end of End of the grazing period and carry them on to finish We basically come from the cornfields to the feedlot to the packing plant And in the process those control cattle we put a set of steers when we put cattle in the on the native pastures We put a set of steers in the feedlot at the same time they went down In early may And they were in the feedlot for 211 days It's just circumstance that they grazed for 211 days the other group that wasn't by design. It just happened that way, I guess But these grazing cattle were in the feed yard for 82 days Pretty short period of time if you fed cattle in the feed yard You know you'll get a lot of days in the feed yard and you get you get feed bills every two weeks Yearlings steer feedlot average daily gain you can see that The feedlot control gained about 3.4 pounds a day When these yearlings come to the feed yard, they are not growing out on those grazing fields because of the level of Nutrients is not as high and it doesn't reach their genetic potential for gain and growth Okay Just doesn't Because a lot of these cattle as you know are designed and developed for corn diets And forages are not corn diets even though we've grazed corn we're grazing We're gaining about a pound and eight to 2.2 pounds a day grazing corn Not much more than that you'd think it'd be more but it isn't anyway When these animals get to the feed yard They have a very high Compensatory growth response and so Deficiency is quite good Because when they get there it doesn't take nearly as many days to get them finished and they're heavier to start with So the feed intake is greater If you take a look at their feedlot Feed intake and efficiency are feedlot cattle that were the controls 2.6 26.8 pounds of feed At 7.6 pounds of feed per pound of gain If you look at the the extended graze annual forage type cattle They eat more feed because they're they're larger 29.2 pounds of feed but their feed efficiency is what about a pound in A pound in four tenths less Per pound of gain, okay feed costs 81 cents for the controls of 58 cents for our grazing cattle If we take a look at excuse me if we take a look at the at carcass quality You look here the percent choice Steer percent choice you'll see that there's basically no difference between those that were in the feedlot all the time versus our grazing cattle 93 versus 92 percent Choice grade we'd like to have one of those stakes for lunch if you could bake that work uh Ruth I've done a couple of these experiments and one I did when uh the price of corn was what seven eight dollars a Bushel, which I guess most of your corn growers would like to see again. That ain't going to happen I'm sorry, but it ain't going to happen Anyway during that experiment during the high corn prices Uh when I put the control cattle in the feed yard lost two hundred ninety eight dollars ahead But these annual forage cattle these grazing cattle made nine dollars And uh those that were grazing just on pasture and went through the program lost 30 bucks. So You can see the the The potential here in retaining ownership of those animals all the way through slaughter If that's a business plan you want to get involved in In a second experiment in the one I just showed you Uh Those control cattle bring three hundred and seventy eight dollars ahead versus annual forage cattle brought four hundred and thirty nine dollars net return By retaining ownership all the way through now that Stream of numbers is a little bit different than if you sell those yearlings and turn around and buy them back So if you're buying calves selling calves buying calves selling calves You will get a different stream of numbers If you own those cattle all the way through you don't have those buy sell And rebuy transactions taking place because they never traded hands. They stayed on your farm and just kept grazing So that's why you see a set of numbers here that you swallow hard and say the guy's nuts actually am But not in this case And I think it was you have 750 something like that. It was it was really high It was when that high corn price was high and the cattle price wasn't It hadn't exploded yet the perfect storm occurred a little later on When pork prices were Pork supply it was a protein problem when price of cattle went That was a protein issue And we won't see that again either by the way But there was avian flu There was a swine Reproduction problem and so we had a lot of pigs that didn't survive So we had a small pork crop small chicken crop But we had adequate beef and we were ready to go And so that was uh, it was one of those things where you bought new trailers and shops and pickups And now you're trying to figure out how to pay for them I I can't hear You know I'd have to go to the papers I have to go to the data Reasonably close though reasonably close Okay, it's just that they're in a feedlot so long. You've got all those expenses You're up against a lot of cost of operation Is where it is, but I could get you those numbers if you'd like to see the Fact they're on the internet if we could get on the computer here we could pull them up Is that outsourcing feed to bring an outside feed in or At the feed yard. Yeah. Oh, absolute. Yeah typical Feed yard thing and then a markup. You know, you know that part Markup on everything drugs if they took a nap markup They get paid well At any rate, let's enough goof enough We took a look at these cows now we're working with some cows that are May-June cavers, okay So as I look at May-June cavers and that we could have a whole talk on calving date and all that stuff, but at any rate as we look at forages as a way to Extend the grazing season without feeding quite as much. Hey, that was my my goal here was to Take a look at cattle or basically in a sacrifice area being fed Hey pretty much through most of your winter months compared to grazing either cover crop residue or crop residue And maybe using some stockpile grasses along with some corn residue Okay Some different kinds of things that we would see happen here Because you got a lot of grasses out in this country In this particular part, uh, I looked at cover crop grazing cover crop As well as corn and sunflower residues, okay And you can see here's our flower residue here some of our corn residue Cover crop residue here with little sunflowers about as high as their back. That was when it rained that year And uh, the other one You can see here where we we Uh, basically instead of making hay What I did was set aside those haylands that we would have Swat and baled for grazing Set them as so instead of making bales We just left it in the stand to graze and then graze corn stalks and This just picture of the stalks after we grazed them down and uh So if I take a look at the cover crop mix that was in there and some of the dollars that are involved You can see the the crops here. It's a what about a two four Seven seven crop cover crop mix and they get down here. I got some farm I got some taxes and different expenses along with the crop itself Cost per acre and then the cost per cow for grazing was down at 36 55 Okay, this is what your crop looked like when it was green you saw it earlier when it was frozen and dried Days of winter grazing our control cows that were just on hay, of course none The cover crop and residue cows didn't have as much grazing time 73 days because they ate out the feed The grass and residue I had because I wanted to leave Half and take half of the grasses. So I had twice as much grazing area Consequently that gave me more days of grazing Uh with the with the grass and residue cows there in that blue bar So they grazed for 107 days taking advantage of both both the corn residue and stockpile grasses If I look at the amount of hay that was fed per cow You can see there the red bar is the control cows We fed them 4,724 pounds and those are 15 15 1600 pound cows so some big girls Uh the hay cows these uh these cover crop and residue cows they ate a little under a ton 1824 And our grass and residue cows ate just a little under 900 pounds of of hay If I look at the hay costs for for each cow uh you can Understandable our control cows were 173 dollars down to 68 for our cover crop and residue And then 30 dollars for our grass and residue cows If I put the uh supplements because we did feed uh we did feed some uh some cake to those cows Two to three pounds a day And we add those together we got the taxes we got all that stuff involved in there 209 dollars versus 141 for our cover crop and residue cows 73 dollars for our grass and residue cows so our grass we can take As you can see we can take advantage of that grass And uh stockpile grass save a little expense in in uh in hay production We have to balance that I understand that Cow weight gains you can see here that our our cows Starting weights 1490 versus 1500 pounds on those cover crop and residue cows Compared to grass there's about four so those cows are pretty much about the same At the start as we fed hay or hay cows got heavier Compared to the other two groups of cows and and these grass cows really didn't change weight much They put on 112 pounds And probably and most of that weight is fetal membranes and fluids actually Okay, so these cows put on a little bit more in terms of body weight as well If we look at body condition score or if you want to look at average data gain a pound and a half versus 11 versus 0.8 Excuse me In terms of starting body condition score you see relatively little difference 5 4 to as much as 5 7 but at the end of the body into the Grazing period feed grazing and feeding period you see these these hay cows put on a A little bit as well as the cover crop cows But our grass and corn residue cows really didn't change they didn't change from the time that we started to the end So there's really no change in body condition score Whereas the other ones put on almost 78 tenths of a body condition score If I take a look at reproductive performance of what was effective the grazing under those conditions our first cycle calving was less for the grass and corn residue As you would expect in the second calving cycle They they picked back up along with the the cover crop ones We had a little bit higher number of of Of third cycle cows of course in our Grass and residue group And at the end of the period our percent open Was really no difference between the control cows and the grass cows, so Uh, I'm not sure I understand what's totally going on here. It could just be cows being cows um But you notice at the end of the day our cover crop and our Crop residue cows Did a little bit better And I'm not exactly sure I understand totally what's going on there, but I think Uh It may have something to do with the amount of Sunflower residue that those particular cows ate Sunflower residue is pretty high in oil. It's high in energy sunflower residue is a really really good feed And uh that may have had a long-term effect on these cows, but I think it would take a more detailed study to actually Identify that and and prove it. It's just my thinking out loud So I don't know if that's actually the case in this situation And I think I'm done Okay. Well, thank you for listening


St. Lucia on Tuesday 12 October 2021 celebrated 70 years of universal adult suffrage. Adult suffrage resulted in all adult citizens being allowed to exercise their franchise regardless of wealth, gender, social status, ethnicity, political stance, or any other restrictions subject only to relatively minor exceptions. The 1951 general election, which took place on Friday, October 12, was held under this new constitution. Olympia Lionel is the Assistant Chief Elections Officer in the Electoral Department. Universal adult suffrage was significant because it is published that every citizen sorry of St. Lucia, 21 years of age and latter reduced to 18 years of age or older has the right to vote in all national elections. That is to say, persons were able to exercise their franchise only at the age of 21. Again, the qualifications for registration at the time, persons you were able to read and write, and you needed to have an income of $40 per year. And majority of those persons would be English-speaking or they speak FATO as well. During that period, registration, you had 80 electoral districts. In the places of Castery Town, Castery's North, Castery's South, Rousseau and Flarell, Tootway through the Assaultibles, Bufort and Denry Miku. Some 22 candidates contested the legislative council elections, with two main parties being the St. Lucia Labour Party and the People Progressive Party alongside independent Labour candidate and independent candidates. The St. Lucia Labour Party amassed a total of 6,799 votes, the People Progressive Party 3,645 votes and the independent 5,275 votes amounting to some 15,719 votes. Also, we began with 80 electoral districts in 1951. The numbers of the districts was increased to 10 and 17 districts in 1961 and in 1979 with 60 votes. After the general election of 2011, we were talked about making the division smaller because of the Rousseau district, Castery Town. Two-day electoral department voters, this has grown to a total of 170,270 electors. A lot of things have changed. As an elector, your qualification for registration once you reach the age of 18 and you can come with your own certificate and a letter from NIC, you will be qualified for a distribution to be registered at the Electoral Department. Assistant Chief Elections Officer in the Electoral Department, Alicia Lionel.


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