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Good morning. Good morning everyone. How are you? Welcome to the Saturday, welcome to the Saturday livecast Saturday round up for wiki tree. Yes. We should call it the orange cast. Well, if you go to roots tech, you will find wiki tree very easily once somebody took a picture of the exhibit hall or the expert hall from one of the windows up above and looking down and you can spot the wiki tree crowd because it's nothing but a big orange blob in the middle of that floor. How are you this morning. Happy birthday, Greg. It was Monday. Yes, I got lots of greetings from the the final live cast of the connectathon on Monday morning. So that was nice. Thank you for everyone who said hi and happy birthday that time. Because of course the chat goes by so fast and I what I didn't read it all but I know I saw some things that was nice. It was a good week. I sound better. Lisa and I got together this week. Oh good. We got our secret Santa meeting and we met I drank coffee. She doesn't drink coffee. If I don't know that I wouldn't have suggested a coffee out. Oh, no. Oh well. So we met. So that was fun. Good. I still do have a deep bit of a deep sexy sultry voice. If I sneeze or call for if anything gets on you from me doing that. I'm so sorry. But you do sound a lot better. You sound a lot better. I do sound a lot better. I do sound a lot better. I'm going to jump right into the question of the week. Okay, if that's okay with you people. Oh, wait a second. I lost my screen completely. What's up with that. Uh oh. Yeah, there we go. There we go. It's coming back. There we go. There we are. Question of the week. Which of your ancestors migrated the farthest. 76 answers like four pages people. It was like reading a novel this week and I'm not kidding. It was like reading a novel because the stories were that interesting. They really were. Wow. I'm going to start though with a little bit of a tongue-in-cheek answer. Oh, okay. Phil Phillips. And his answer is tongue in both cheeks here. Is it as the crow flies one transit say northeast Russia to the Falkland Islands. That's quite a trip. Yeah, that's a pretty none of minded that he says is it repeated transit. Probably a sailor in the old days. What about the ISS crew.  He lives there long enough that could be a permanent residence for. Yeah, and how did he get taxed. Yeah, that's right. Okay, so I well I know Canada got their chunk. Some some great tales and these answers and that is so correct Phil that's a great answer that you just gave. Like I said 76 answers. I don't ever talk about the comment but the first comment was really good from Gail Conley. Before I joined wiki tree and began to find out about my family, I figured that my ancestors, it comes from another planet, which will probably make me the least, at least tied for the farthest, depending on which planet they came from and what planet other members and you know more than did thought their answers ancestors came from so that's Gail Conley so Gail we're going to start looking for your internet. We have a lot a lot a lot a lot of great answers.  My grandparents immigrated from England to Australia twice. This is our now Steve Thomas says you're going to win, because they immigrated twice. But the thing here is that she says that they were 10 pound palms. Anybody have any idea what that is. I've heard that term before from about England to Australia but I don't know what it means you think it's a cheerleader with pompoms. I don't think it's I don't think that's it. Okay, so I had to look it up. Yeah. 10 pound palms that was they got free tickets on an airline or a ship to migrate to immigrate to leave to go and the amount of the administration fee was $10 or 10 pounds. Okay. And so they became the 10 pound palms. Okay boy where's the word palm come from. Yeah, as in like in your palm, like, Oh, it's P O M S that they don't exactly they don't get through the, the actual entomology of the word. 10 pounds. Wait, palms at glossy, a glossary names for the British, including nicknames in terms including affectionate ones neutral ones and derogatory ones to describe British people so there we go that's what a palm is. So it's a 10 pound brick. How much they cost. They're just pretty inexpensive. If you get down. So that was good. So ancestors, Alpar, his or her ancestors, early 1950s, but struggled to establish themselves and returned to England just after two years. Then almost 20 years later, they again immigrated. Although grandpa hedged his bets this time, he sent his beloved car first. England, just in case. And they had a good two years, but it was too long and too far away from home so they came back and they left his beloved car. That's crazy. That's crazy. And Oliver speaking was talking about how let's see if I go down here I'll find Oliver's post. And this would be that would be my father he left Germany to go to Australia and so he's giving me the kilometers, because when I went to look for England to Australia. Do you see this. It says sorry, we could not calculate the driving directions to Australia in that hilarious. So I went and I typed in England, Australia, London, Australia, and I got some persons special maps. Oh, wow. You could actually drive to Australia. It is up through Russia and down through China. The other avoids Russia for the most part and goes through Turkey and down. Either way you have to go down and catch a boat at some point. But that's basically the migration pattern of the original aboriginals. Yeah, the original people so that's pretty cool that this route is lower. How many hours is that route. So I don't know how many hours, like, does it say. Oh, that would be cool. It doesn't it just shows it. Yeah. And then you have to imagine people walking it. Yeah. Oh yeah. And they have found that the closest people genetically and this this is a while ago so it may have changed the closest people genetically to people in Australia or some people in India. India. Yeah, which is interesting. They had to go through that area they went over here and hung out for a while and then on down through here. Kind of that lower route so that's kind of fun. I love migration patterns. So, I eventually got it to run and figured out England to Germany and then did Germany based on Oliver speaking thing. The total mileage one way from London, England to Australia, whoever wherever in Australia is about 9000 miles one way. So 18,000 miles back and forth and then these people did it twice. Yeah, I think they probably win. Yeah. Yeah. I would say so. Yeah, you had me going down rabbit holes we genealogists know how to dive down. That's right. Let's see Rob Neff. Let me scroll on down here with these when we have lots of questions I really have to try and catch just a couple Gonzalo Alonzo. I liked his. If I don't miss anything it's my ancestors from Wigtonshire, Scotland. They traveled 11505,000 kilometers to get to Mar del Plata, Buenos Aires. That's crazy. Wow. Yeah, it's, you know, that's a long way to go Alonzo. And Lisa Gervais. Lisa. I mentioned Lisa already Lisa and I had, I had a cup of coffee while she gave me chicken. She brought me chicken soup and her daughter had baked a lemon loaf bread. So I didn't even have a chance with the lemon loaf. My son came down on the kitchen table and scarfed it down.  That's okay. Didn't even leave you one piece. Not one piece. He thought it was out for him because when sometimes we leave a whole move. No, no, just a piece one piece. Oh yeah. I can see my son like I was thinking a whole loaf. No, I'm not that important. But Lisa, Lisa, what's up with this? She says Canada is mostly a land of immigrants. We're all immigrants. We all came from somewhere out of Africa. All of us. But she says different distant French Canadian cousins arrived by the ship France also England, Germany. I don't care about all that. No offense. Lisa. We have well burn in my family names. We need to chat. Look at here. Thomas Welburn. Yeah. They came over much earlier. Settled in South Carolina and upper Georgia in the mountains of Georgia. So we need to talk anyway. That's the only reason I'm bringing Lisa. Rob Neff down here. My grandfather born in a village on the Southern Volga river. The Russian Empire 1901 family went to Georgia. Georgia USA by way of Bremen, Germany. Stayed in Georgia six months and was a logger. After Georgia they traveled the central North Dakota where my grandfather's uncle lived. So that was about 7600 miles. His older brother died in Boise. What white after 1917 we lost contact with a family that was left behind in Russia. This is why I brought this up. They were presumably star killed or forcibly scattered to Siberia, Kazakhstan during Stalin's pogroms against the Germans and other minorities. Millions died in Southern Russia and Ukraine because of Stalin. It's amazing that we have any people left in that area of the world. I know. You know. You know, and Elpar says thank you for the reminder of the ones who didn't migrate. So I thought that was a really nice, good thing. Let's see. And I love Celia Marsh's and we're still on the first page here. Celia Marsh's thing. She says, oh, they didn't migrate. They just wandered about. They just wandered around for a while. They just did a big walkabout. That's right. Walkabout. Gotta go over to page two here. I'll be done in a second. And to raw. There we go. My great, great. This is Ross Escott or Ross Escott. My great, great, great grandmother. Honorah Ahon was 18 when she was convicted for an unknown petty offense in Cork, Ireland. Sentenced the transportation beyond the seas for seven years. The convicts were all on board the Catherine by October 1st, October 1813 and she sailed for a week later from Cork to Falmouth, Cornwall where her ship was to travel and convoy with two armed frigates because it was the height of the Napoleonic Wars. There was a battle at sea and a friendship captured. They lost their escort and continued unaccompanied to Rio de Janeiro. From there they crossed the South Atlantic Ocean past the Cape of Good Hope, across the Indian Ocean, past Tanzania and up the coast of Australia to Port Jackson. Three weeks later, Honorah boarded a single masted brig to be sent to Hobart Town in Van Diemen's Land, Tasmania. They got halfway, took shelter from the gales, then were blown back past where they had departed from. Eventually they arrived in Hobart Town and I think this is the longest trip, migration trip. It's almost a year now at this point. It's a year. It's 11 months and going back and forth even. I think this is the winner for the longest one. And this is a third great grandmother? I'm having a hard time reading it. One, two, three, third great grandmother. I wonder how they know all the details like if there was a diary. I know. We need to go and check that. And I'll do that while we're doing other stuff. The good news is by the time they landed, she only had six years left on her sentence. She married a non emancipated convict. She was okay anyway. I don't know what the penal colony was like in Australia. I don't know if you got off the boat and you were just kind of on your own or if you had to go live in a facility. Somebody tell us what went on. I was saying that he has one. Yeah. That does not beat. Roz escots. I think that's impressive. Yeah. That is the question of the week that goes into my stack of stuff over here. Yeah, I've got, you know, I keep notes every live cast. And I have this little folder here, this little folder. I've got all the notes from every live cast that's ever been done for six years, seven years. Live cast files. Yeah. There you go. The live cast files. All right. So I have picked the question of the week winner for this week. That's got you in. As we go on. Oh, I wanted to mention one more thing. Okay. Go ahead. Migration. I had worked with two other researchers, Jack Templeton and Ron Templeton, who had started the basics of this and had come up with the fact that there were people that migrated in my Templeton family. And I started thinking, huh, I know all the subclades for these people. I wonder if I can track them. And I did. So I started working, took a couple of weeks, maybe a month to figure out all of these people by their location, Ireland, United States, Kentucky, Missouri. The reason why I did that is I'm lazy. Somebody sends me a long letter and tells me their entire family story and they want me to tell them how I'm related to them. And that's very hard to do.  Let's see. Let's go here. Oh, we had another one that was a relationship that connected back. One of the answers connected back to Chris Whitton's earliest known ancestor. He was part of the Montpellard immigrants to Nova Scotia anyway. Nice. So on my profile, I created this, this cool thing where if somebody sent me a note that said, what are your surnames? I need to know that so I can see if you connect to my family. Instead of emailing with people back and forth, I send them to my profile page. And on the profile page under DNA, it has my surnames. Now I created this a few years ago and I had it on my profile, but now my good friend, Greg Clark has automated it. And if somebody wants to find my earliest known ancestor and all the DNA information for that ancestor is over there on the right too. So I'm lazy. I do things like that to make people not keep me involved in long conversations. Okay. Isn't that awful? So I created this chart, this list of migratory patterns for my Templeton family. And I would figure out where they were and which happened to me. So that if I had somebody who contacted me, say from Pike County, Missouri, I could look at it and immediately know that they are a part of the R1B M222. It probably went through Indiana to Missouri, talk about immigration and migration, and that they originated not only in Lawrence County or Irdell, but also in the United States. I can tell them that based on this list of the migration. And all of these are category pages. And you can also go and find the individual person's information about where they lived and what they were doing and who they are and all of that stuff. And you can go and see my great grandfather's profile. And you can also find the individual person's information about where they lived and what they were doing. And you can also find the individual person's father's profile if you wanted to, based on that information from that name state. So that's a cool way to use category system to do work on migration patterns. So there you go. I'm done. Yeah. I'm done. Wow. How are we going to follow that? Oh, my laziness. Follow my laziness. Okay. Wow. I'm just following the first wiki tree challenge of 2023 on the Ontario genealogists is about notable Ontarians, people from Ontario, Canada. So that is just a great thing. And so two out of three hosts are currently living in Ontario, Canada. So that's great. We have Lisa who's from Ontario is in the chat. Do we have any other people from Ontario? Say hi if you are in the chat there. But we got Brian from out in, well, we just, we'll make him an honorary on it. He's Ontario. Oh yeah. He's close by. Lisa Canadian. So that's good. My grandfather was an Ontarian. Oh, well, there you go. There you go. I have Ontario connections through my Mechamiles. Yeah. So it's great. So the first one is our primary, our current Prime Minister, Justin Trudeau. Is the face. The face chosen for this one. Hey, Billy.  So let's just go through them. But it's funny that you were, that you went into all, you went into map mode because I went into map mode too. Cause I wanted to. I'm mad this morning too. I had all of those, those numbers to try and figure out how far it was from England to Australia. Yeah, that was a lot of. I added. You added. Wow. There you go. Okay. So here's a map of Ontario. Just in case you're not sure where that is. I mean, they can zoom out there in North America on top of the United States, is Canada and Ontario is that big one there. It's, it's quite a, quite a large province because look at the size of that. We could fit all of Texas, maybe throw in a Florida and a Wisconsin and probably squeeze a few others around the corners. And anyways, in land size, it's, it's pretty big though population wise, not nearly as big as, as many of the States. And realistically, the majority of the population just lives in this corridor right here in Southern Ontario in between Ottawa, Toronto and Windsor down here, sort of that's sort of the, the main, where most of the population lives, but there's lots of great people who live in Northern Ontario as well and so on. So that's where we are. And all of the, all of the places that are mentioned in the profile as I put little pins in so that we can, you can see. Fantastic. I love doing that on that. Yeah. You like sticking pins and things. Do you like sticking pins and things? Yeah. Do you have any dolls you do that to? Yeah. No, I don't. I don't. But, and interesting. So it didn't look like any of the, any of the people went farther north than Sudbury. Which is fairly far north. There's a really right there. No, I think that it's interesting though that, that Canadians consider Sudbury or North Bay North. Well, it's not. Yeah. But, but, you know, it's a three, three, three and a half hour drive from Toronto. So for people who live in Toronto who don't like to drive that much, you know, that's north for them. Considering north in Ontario is really about 10 hours from Ontario. Exactly. Yeah. That's right. Yeah. That's true. It takes, if you take your, our family had a secondhand motor home when our kids were young and we went across Canada and when we did the west coast trip, it took, it took so many days just to get out of Ontario. And then one day to get across each of the other provinces. It was, it was wild. But anyways, I digress surprisingly. No. So let's go on to, here's Justin, Justin, my cousin, eighth cousin once removed is our prime minister, Justin Trudeau. And so, of course, being the prime minister of Canada and the capital of Canada is Ottawa, which is in Ontario. I thought, well, that's why he got in, he got a shoehorn because his family is obviously French, French Canadian tru with the last name Trudeau. But in fact, he was born in Ottawa on Ontario because he was born in 1971. When his father, Pierre Elliot Trudeau was our prime minister of Canada. So was he born at Sussex or was he born in one of the hospitals? My guess is in a hospital, but I don't know that information is not included in the biography, either the French version of the biography, the biography, or in the English version. We just said Ottawa. So I don't know. My guess is he was probably born in the hospital, not at home. So this is a really neat profile because it gives lots of information about his, his first ancestor of the, with the Trudeau name arrived in, in New France, Nouvelle France in 1659. So that's kind of neat because Lisa mentioned something like that and her answer and the question of the week. And then his mother, Margaret Sinclair, her first Sinclair ancestor arrived as a native of Scotland. Went to school in Ottawa, studied at Collège Jean de Bebeaufe in Montreal. And then he got his teacher's degree in BC, British Columbia. And in fact, he was a, he was a high school teacher for three years and taught French and math. Cool. Then went on, did some other stuff, they called Polytechnique. Now one sad thing with his family, there were three brothers, Justin Michelle and Sasha and Michelle, the middle brother passed, died in an avalanche disaster in 1998. So that was very sad. And I think that probably affected the whole family. Of course. He got into politics in the, in the 2000s and then was elected leader of the liberal party in 2013 and became prime minister in 2015 and still is prime minister right now. Very Josie, Sophie, in 2005 and have three children. So that is our current prime minister in an Ontario connection. The next famous Ontarian is Margaret Atwood, a 12 cousin twice removed from me. And daughter of Carl Edmund Atwood and Margaret Dorothy and she is still living. So her specifics are generic, generic a size, made generic. She's born in the 30s. Canadian poet. What's that? Privateized. Privateized, yeah. Privateized is a better word for it. Poet, novelist, literary critic, essayist, environmental activist. She's done a lot and she's, she's written a lot. She's an amazing writer. Of course, many of you will be familiar with the Handmaid's Tale, which is a great book that she wrote actually many years ago, way before when the TV series came out, a dystopian tale of the future, of the future or a possible future, which has since of course taken off. But she's written lots of other books like that. But she's, she's a very, she's a very smart lady and not afraid of sharing her opinions, which is a good, which is a good thing. She uses that as a force for good and change. And we've lost Megs. Or we'll get our M&Ms. Maybe she's searching for that lemon low. Anyways, Jim Carrey is my closest relative at Seventh Cousin Once Removed. And through the French connection here, you can see our common ancestors are who's your closest of them all this week? Edwin Boyd. Oh, the bank robber. Yes, the bank robber.  Mine is Jim Carrey right here. Yeah, yours is Jim Carrey. Mine, I thought Betsy's was... The bank robber, Edwin Boyd, 18 degrees. And then Margaret Atwood is the next one for you. Mine closest is Jim Carrey through my spouse. Not even close. Wow. So Lisa's closest is Jim at 12 degrees. I'm 16 degrees. So if you're at 12 degrees, you might be like a Fifth Cousin or something. I'm wondering. That's pretty close. If I go just from me to them, I'm 17 Cousins Once Removed. Oh. To Jim Carrey. I don't mind being related through my Canadian family. Oh, no, that's right. So pretty famous Canadian American actor, comedian, artist known for his energetic slapstick performance, the mask and the Grinch, lots of things like that. But he has done some dramatic stuff. What was the film where it was basically, they were following him around for his life? Oh, yeah. Truman. Yeah, the Truman Show. There were some dramatic moments there too. Yeah. It was born just one day after me. Well, one day and two years earlier. One day later and two years earlier than me in Newmarket, Ontario. And the son of Percy Carrey and Kathleen Orham. He's been married a few times himself. And he's still living so that is a short bio, but more details could be found in Wikipedia. Fifth Cousin Once Removed, Lisa. Thank you. I was wondering if it's something like that. Next, we have Elsie Marie Knot. And she was born on the 20th of September 1922 in Curve Lake First Nation in Peterborough County, Ontario. So there and she passed away at the age of 73, 3rd of December, says Ontario doesn't say specifically where and it's not like I'm watching the Big Bang Theory. All of their ringtones were the American beauty. She was the first. That's my mother. I can't answer right now. Call Julie. She does not know that and I forgot to put my thing on you because no one normally calls. But anyway, Elsie back to Elsie. She was the first woman in Canada to be elected as chief of a First Nation. And that was so she was born in first she was born in First Nation. When was she first elected chief? That's at 33, I think. Yeah, there it is. In 1954, she became the first woman in Canada to be elected as a chief of a First Nation. She was 23 years old and she held that position for 16 years. She also held the position of senator of the union of Ontario Indians and a peer supporter of her native language Ojibwe and then she died in Curve Lake. So it should say Curve Lake. It shouldn't just say Ontario up there and bury the Curve Lake cemetery. So we should add that information to the profile. Elsie's was one of the seven through the challenge. Yes. Yeah. Now, had she been connected before or did she get connected because of that challenge? I don't know. Mindy might know the before and after stats. Right. That's cool. Very cool. Yeah. Canadians have a very different take on Indigenous peoples and Indigenous relations. I mean, you hear all the horror stories of the Indigenous schools. Indigenous schools in the U.S. as well. But they're really, the Indigenous people are much more a part of their nation and acknowledges that through Canada, which is really cool. Well, we're all learning. We are learning. Yeah. Now Gordon Lightfoot. Now he's not my closest connection degrees wise, but he's definitely my, physically my closest connection because he was born in Aurelia. And I live just outside of Aurelia. Cool. And I'm going to a party for somebody named Aurelia at lunch. Are you really? There you go. It's Aurelia Fest. Yeah. In fact, I often tell people I'm from Aurelia because they wouldn't know where Up to Grove is. 25 for you there. How many? 25 degrees. So yes, so he was born in the 30s. Son of Gordon Meredith Lightfoot Sr. So the M in Gordon M. Lightfoot stands for Meredith.  So internationally known Canadian singer, songwriter, guitarist helped define the folk pop sound of the 1960s and 70s. So he was born in 1938 in Aurelia, Ontario. And so this bio on wiki tree is fairly short. Just mentioned some of those specifics. List some of his favorite, his best hits, If You Could Read My Mind, Sundown, Carefree Highway, Rainy Day People, The Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. And his career has been documented in a documentary, Gordon Lightfoot, If You Could Read My Mind. Amazing, amazing musician. There's some of his highlights. He performed at the, he was the, In the opening ceremonies of the 1988 Winter Olympic Games in Calgary, which I watched along with my roommates when we were at our year of teachers college. And he's one of the companions in the Order of Canada, Governor General's Award, performing arts, Queen Elizabeth Jubilee Medal, induction of the Songwriters Hall of Fame, Canadian Music Hall of Fame. Lots of needs. He's a great guy. So in Aurelia, we have a folk festival every summer called the Mariposa Folk Festival. And, yeah, and he was, he actually was rejected from the very first folk version, when it first started in 1963. And in fact, when the festival started, there were a lot of straight lace people in Aurelia that weren't quite sure that this was the thing for them. And so they tried to ban it, but it kept on going. But he did make it in the 64. And where is my, I thought I had that page open. I had a page of the festival open. There we are. So here's a picture of him on stage in 1964. He's playing, that's him there. And he's playing alongside the Reverend Gary Davis and Mississippi John Hurt at a workshop in 1964. But there's some of the, this is them dancing in the streets in 1963. You can imagine some of the straight lace Aurelia folks made were a little... That's not dancing in the streets. It looks like they're dancing on a 68 Corvette. Well, you know, it was, it was pretty risqué back then, you know, but anyways. Very interesting history. Yeah. So I don't, are you familiar with the, the song of the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald? Yeah. So it's a, for those who aren't out here, let me show you the map of Ontario. Here we are. There's the map. So this here, this is Lake, yeah, this is Lake Superior up here, right? No, no, here we are. There's Lake Superior. Let me zoom out a little bit. Okay. So in the Great Lakes, Lake Superior, of course, is the most northern lake of them. And the coldest and the wildest of them all. And the Edmund Fitzgerald was a liner that was, was sailing through Lake Superior in November. I don't remember what the year it was, but it hit, it hit Gale storms and, and sunk. And so his song, the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald was all about the gales coming in and the wind blowing and the, and the crew, you know, trying to save it. And then it going down and whatnot. It's, it's a haunting song, but it's lovely. But at, at a folk festival, which I go to, which my wife and I go to and our family usually goes to, Gordon Lightfoot was headlining and he was playing, but it started raining. So, you know, we started getting packed up to, to leave because it's outside in the park. But he was starting to play the wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald. And I thought, so Julie had already hit it, off to get to the car cause it was coming down pretty, but I wanted to stay. So here I was, you know, in the rain, it was starting to pour down buckets. It wasn't lightning because they cancel it right away. If there's lightning, but it was almost that it was dark and he was singing the song about this, this boat going down in the rain. It was just, it was amazing.  It was wow. So that's one of my best memories of, of Gordon and. You're on first name basis with him. Oh yeah. Yeah. We're like that.  And I've been where, in one of those where he's been there, you know, and we're just basically like a room away, you know, like we're that, I was not close to him. Anyways, I go on. Let's, let's, let's move on. Yeah. Uh, Alton Parker is our next one who I do not have a personal connection or a family story about. So, um, maybe this will go a little faster. We're not worried about time. You're not worried about that. I've worked a little on him in the challenge. Oh, did you? Oh, neat. Yeah. You know what? I wanted to work. I signed up to do the challenge. I thought, Ontario, this is my wheelhouse. And I was just so busy getting ready for the connect-a-thon and helping Team Italy out and doing some other stuff that I just did. The timing was tricky. It just didn't work for me. And I felt that was bad. Oh, well, but I'm glad you did Betsy. So, you know, when, if there's something I've missed that you want to highlight, just jump right in. Um, I just worked a little bit on the weekend. Okay. And he's joined airline. Yeah. So he was born, he born and, born and died in Windsor. Um, married in Windsor. Windsor all the way. Windsor, um, which is the very bottom of Ontario. Um, right across the, right across the river from Detroit. Um, but he, which was cool about him. He was the first black detective in Canada. So he was born on the 3rd of July, 1907. Uh, son of Emmanuel Crawford Parker and Ida Joyner. Uh, got married in 29. 1929, that is. Um, initially he was a mechanic. Um, and then worked in a car dealership. Um, and he was president of a, an association and helped black people gain employment. And then he was hired as a constable for the Windsor service service and then was promoted in 1951 and became the first black detective in Canada. And he worked there until he retired in 1970. Um, so he led a distinguished 28 year career. Um, and it became a member of the order of Canada. And, uh, now this paragraph here could be reworded because they stayed that state the same thing a few times. So, um, uh, so I don't know if there were multiple cooks working in this kitchen on this paragraph. Um, but it could be tightened up a little bit, but the important thing, the, I mean, all of this stuff was important. So you can't fault them for repeating it as opposed to omitting it, right? Um, but along with his police work, he also did other stuff. He was involved in activism, founding member of the apartment living for physically handicapped adults. Um, and, uh, also got the Ontario medal for good citizenship and a Queen Elizabeth Silver Jubilee medal. His funeral service was so large that attracted so many people, they had to broadcast it to nearby churches to accommodate all the mourners. So that speaks volumes, doesn't it? Yeah. Research. Yeah. And I like this quote. He was a man who understood that citizenship doesn't give you rights. It gives you responsibilities. Oh, I like his responsibility to a T. Sounds like John Kennedy. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. So very impressive. Uh, then we have Beatrice Agnes Thelma Earl, uh, who was the daughter of Solomon Levi Earl and Sarah Ann Woods, born on March 10th, 1913, in Owens Sound, uh, and passed away in Hotel Juge Grace Hospital in Windsor Essex, another Windsor connection. Um, so she, uh, so large three generation family, uh, so this is an interesting profile. It gives all of the sort of the stats and the details that you get, you get from all the records. Like every, every line here, every little paragraph, there's a source citation for where it came from. Um, so she grew up a large three generation family. So, um, probably grandparents as well, uh, living with her, um, documents when she crossed the border, when she got married, um, listed as wife in a military record, when she was naturalized and when she passed away, but it doesn't actually give all of the connective tissues, um, you know, all the stuff in the dash. There's not a lot of fiber in there. There's not a lot of fiber in there. Yeah. But luckily they've got a quote from, well, this quote is from the Great County, um, Museum and Archives, um, which gives all of the details about her life. And then there's also a link to an obituary, which would also give more detail. And I do hope that they had, well, if it was part of the week, they had permission from that archive too. So there's a source there. Yeah. That was quoted. So from a, from a website or a publicly available. Normally we don't like to take entire articles and just pop them in. You just want to look from them. Yeah. Even though you, you state the article citation, you can't just plop a whole article in that. That's copyright problems. John Tyler says yet another profile from last week. Yeah, John. We're covering the stuff from last week. Yeah. Uh huh. So she was, um, one of only three colored young women to receive. So she became a, um, where, uh, anyways, the more details are here. Um, and I read them and now I'm, I'm blanking on them. She found work in Toronto. She's one of only three colored young women to receive a degree in dressmaking degree. And, um, then she all in her retirement, she learned to swim. She had something she didn't have time to during her busy life up until that point. That's very cool. Yeah. But there's so much water here. When she got, what's that? Considering that there's so much water here. I know. Yeah. You can walk after front door and hit water. Almost anywhere. Yeah. Uh, when she first got married, they got wed in 1937 and they planned a honeymoon at the King Edward hotel, which is in downtown Toronto. But they arrived, the hotel refused to honor the reservation because of the race. That's it. Um, so they ended up staying with their sister and brother-in-law on their wedding night. So that's a sad fact. Honeymoons. Yeah. Betsy. Yeah. You have something on your, your desk there. I have something on my desk. Yeah. So what to do with Ontario? Oh yes. Yes. Oh. Nigra. I'm in capital. This morning just for the theme. That's great. Yeah. So, um, her, uh, one of the things that she did is that she, um, Helped out with the local black community and much of Grey Roots, Grey County is in Owen Sound. So that's on the, We went back to the map. I would show it. I can show you. That's right. There was. One sound is up here. As opposed to down. There's Windsor. Um, So she helped out with the black roots and helped out her black community, the black community there. Nice. Yeah. Uh, moving on. Here, Jenny kid, Down lock. Um, Born and born in Scotland. So in terms of migration, This is the profile that wins the question of the week for Of the, of the profiles. Cause she was born in Scotland, Got married in Stratford and then moved on and passed away in Los Angeles. Oh wow. And was she a medical doctor? She was. She was the first woman physician licensed to practice in Canada. Nice. What year was that? That was, so she was licensed in. She emigrated in 46. She lived, she taught school from 61 to 65. Got married in 65. There. 1875. She became an MD. Um, And so she opened up a practice with another woman. Um, Uh, but then she, 82, She announced her retirement from active practice. Um, And so she opened up a practice with another woman. Um, She announced her retirement from active practice. Um, There was another rival that was sort of stealing her, Her patients. Um, But she became involved in Bible study, Bible studies, Foreign missions in the temperance movement. And then after her niece passed away, She moved. Uh, They moved to Toronto. She adopted or she adopted her niece's children. And then in 1908, she moved to Los Angeles. Hmm. But first woman doctor. Cool. And here is Betsy's famous relative, The bank robber. Edwin Alonzo, John Boyd born the second of April, 1914 should have been born the first of April, April fools. Uh, Born in Toronto, Passed away. 2002. And at the age of 88 in British Columbia. Uh, So he was the famous Canadian bank robber and leader of the Boyd gang. And a notorious Canadian folk hero. Uh, So this guy, What a character. One of those that stole from the rich and gave to the poor. I don't think he gave it away. Usually when you say a robber is a folk hero. That's, Yeah, I know. That's true. I think his folk hero is just because he just, He just couldn't learn or he just couldn't give it up. So age of 22, He robbed a gas station and then he served time in the Prince Albert penitentiary in Saskatchewan. Uh, then he got married. 1940 in Surrey. So that's BC. Um, 41 his son was born. But sadly, Um, Uh, there was a bomb. Because of a bombing, His baby suffered a serial hemorrhage and he died. Uh, a few days later. So that's very sad. Yeah. Um, Oh, Surrey, not to BC Surrey. Must, Must to be if the bomb, Like Surrey, Uh, England. In a York cemetery. Must be England, right? No, York, But what kind of bombing? Would there be? I don't know. Maybe he was making a bomb. Oh, To blow up a bank. Well, it's an air raid siren sounded the bombing. Hmm. Hmm. Interesting. Let's look. So let's just check out the son's profile. York Yorkshire England. Oh, How interesting. Here we are going down that rabbit hole again. There's the rabbit hole. Okay. There'd be rabbits here. Uh, okay. Um, anyways, he came back. He was back in Canada after the war. 49. Uh, his first bank robbery in 49. He was a lone bandit wearing a disguise and he was drunk. And then acting either acting alone or with the help of other accomplices, um, it buried, I guess, from Robert to Robert. He committed six more robberies before he was captured and imprisoned in the Don jail, which is in Toronto. Uh, there's a mugshot of him. In the jail. That is not a mugshot. Oh, well, no, not a mugshot, but he didn't have numbers on a plate. Great. Okay. Um, but then he met his other and each of his. Um, compatriots in the future ones had nicknames Leonard tough, Lenny Jackson, Willie the clown Jackson. Um, Lenny. Oh, this is great. Had an artificial official foot and they concealed soft hacksaw blades in his prosthetic device. That's great. Three stooges do bank robberies. Oh my goodness. So the three of them use those blades at to saw through the bars and they escape from prison. Um, I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. And then they, they did four more bank robberies and then they were caught again. Um, Well, because of this, then they first they were, of course they were. Run back to the jail. But then they escaped again using the same method. The first. Okay. You have to check the false legs. Oh my goodness. But he was captured. So they were 10 days later, they're captured in a barn, except Edwin, who was captured at a flat. Where his brother was renting. Like you don't go to your brother's flat.  I mean, I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know. I don't know where your brother's flat.  Yeah, Yeah. Okay. So this. The math here doesn't work out for me in 1952. You received eight life sentences. And then, and we got a 30 years sounds, but he was paroled in 62. So how does he get out 10 years later. After having eight life sentences. Okay.  We still hung people in 1952 for those offenses. Anyways, he moved to Victoria, BC, lived under an assumed identity and drove a bus for disabled people. So I think he was making up for past ronds. And he married, he devoted his life to a disabled wife, Marjorie, whom he met on the bus. So there we go. He probably gave up his seat for her and that's how they started talking. His Canadians are nice that way. They're nice. Yeah. So after a career of crime and folly, he turned his life around and became good in the end. Isn't that something? That's the last one. That is a perfect one. Well, it is almost the last one. I should have saved that one. Oh, okay. Barbara McCullum, Hanley Smith, born in Ryerson Township, Muskoka, just a little bit farther north. Fisher has a really good comment about our folk hero, bank robber. Maybe they thought he wouldn't do much harm. I like that. That's true. Married in Berks Falls. And she's famous because she was the first Canada's first female mayor. So she married a machinist who worked for the Canadian Pacific Railway, which is the railway that connected Canada from coast to coast. She organized musicals and worked for the public school board. And then she became, when did she become mayor? She ran for election in 1935. So this was during the Great Depression. And she became the first counselor. And then she was reelected as mayor seven additional times. And as mayor, she always tried to, her entire mayorship was colored by either economic depression or war. And she always worked on, there was something here, there was a line about always serving to better the community. So first mayor, we've had a lot of first, first mayor, first female doctor, first woman, Indian chief, or chief of a first nation. The first Alton Jones. The doctor. Yeah. Chief or detective. First detective. Yes. First black detective. Yeah. And our final one. So this one may be also up in the air for greatest distance. She was born in the Ukraine. In a prop ketost. In a prop ketost, something like that. Yeah, no, not so much. And she was the first female athlete of a, she was named Canada's female athlete of a half century in 1950. She was a runner. And lots of awards there. She went to school in Berry, which is just down the road from Aurelia just 20 minutes away. Wow. Yeah. Single daughter. And then she burst into the scene. She was, where did she did a, she was working at, she was working in the Toronto chocolate factory. Now that's, that's got a cool job, I got to say. And she entered 100 years, it was at a picnic and she entered 100 year dash. 100 year dash. That's a longer dash. On a, on a dare. She entered this contest just on a dare and then she won and she beat the reigning Canadian champion and then she went on to compete and become champion herself. Uh, including in the Olympics. She won gold in the Amsterdam Olympics and also a silver. So there we go. All right. And there you have the colorful prose files of the week from lovely Ontario, Canada. Nice. Wow. Yes. Um, are you going to do photos as well today? Oh, I wasn't planning on it. We're going to wait and do the photos at the end of the month. I think so. I do want to point out real quick. Can I share my screen real quick? Go right ahead. I do want to point out where is it? Oh, let's do this. Um, duplicate and then I'm going to go up here and hit this. I do want to point out that the homepage picture of the week has changed. And, and it has twice, twice this month, I think. It has twice this month. Thank you so much. The, the elves working at wiki tree who have been able to update that. I think it's important to update that photo because it brings more people in. This is the John Wesley Parker and family wiki tree featured photo. That is crazy cool. Look at his hand. He's a worker anyway. That's cool. So no photo of the weekend. I'll, I'll stop that. Nice. Nice. Um, so before I jump into the tip of the week, which has to do with personal categories. Um, when we were talking about rabbit holes, it reminded me that this weekend tomorrow is the Chinese lunar new year. And it is the year of the rabbits. Is it the rabbit hole rabbit? Yes. For us genealogists and happy new year to everyone. Yes. So if you were on connectathon involved in connectathon last weekend, you might have been working on off of a list like this. And I will make it bigger. So something like this where wherever the project is you're working and you could just had a whole list of possibilities of profiles that you could work on and connect and get your points. And I noticed when we were doing the live casts that the two big topics were, of course, people were excited about increasing their CC seven. And then this topic of personal categories came up and I did not know about this. This was very intriguing to me. And I learned that you could make something like this, your own co 31 category. Well, you wouldn't call it co 31. What would you, what would you call it? I would call it mags 31. Yes. Yes. I'm I'm using myself as an example. Right. Right. Oh, 31. Category colon, whatever your wiki, your personal wiki. Insert, insert here, put some, some reference had yes, yes. So I thought I would quickly for if you didn't know what you could do on here. So I've created two subcategories. I'm going to create a third one live to show you. And you can also add your pages to this, which is kind of instead of going to your watch list. And yes, what, what, why would somebody want a personal category? So it's a way for you to be able to quickly see where you can be working on your personal genealogy projects. So you've got needs for baptism. You've got profile created. Yeah. So for instance, the next thing, the April Connectathon, I will add to this list. And I can see that, oh, Milson, she has some children that I have not added yet. She has a husband.  And if I'm wanting to work on my personal genealogist, genealogy, I will have a whole ready made list where I know there are profiles waiting to be created. Nice. Yeah. So basically what you're talking about is categories or space pages of your own to do list. Exactly. Yeah. Yeah. So let me now go to, okay. So I've already created my personal category, and it's very easy to do. I'm here. I am in edit mode. Remember categories go above the biography heading. And there it, there it is. All you have to do is enter this with your profile ID. And I'm also going to put there's an excellent help page, of course. So I would, I would have a look as you're doing that. Now I'm going to get out of here. What's going to, the help page sort of talks you through the process. When you save the draft, the profile, your new profile category, whatever is going to show up in red to a rule follower.  And you just say yes.  And then, then you'll be, you'll be set up with that. Now, if I want to, I am going to go to Milson's. And I'm, I'm going to create a subcategory here for needs bio. So the way you do that, I'm going to go to edits. And then add this here. Yeah. Everybody can watch the type badly. Colin. Needs underscore bracket, bracket. Okay. All right. Now I have done cat, categorization. Right. I'm going to full save. And she's going to scroll up and see where it's read. Right. Right. Okay. Warning. Warning. Warning. Do not be alarmed. Don't be alarmed during this live cast either. I know. Save anyway. Save any. Are you sure? Okay. Now when I go down now, there, there it is. It's in red. It's still a little bit concerning. Yes. We're going to click here. And, and now you'll see up a very familiar, Bob. Very empty. Very empty. Very empty. Okay. How do you know what to put there? Well, here's what you put here.  Yeah. Category, category. It's not like we're putting pressure here. No pressure. And then, and then I'm going to do that. That's the, the, the master category that means telling, that's telling the system that this page that she just created belongs in the category co 31. Correct. Right. I'm, I'm going to go down here. I'm going to save the page. Boom. Boom. Now, if I go back to my, and you can see this is the subcategory page. There's Milson. And if I go back to my, there you go. There we go. Now you see before I only had needs birth baptism and profiles created. Now there's my subcategory needs biocategory. So I am planning to really use this feature a lot. I think it is so helpful for it is your, your personal goals and not, and not having 12 pieces of paper all over your desk lists of assorted sizes. Yes. And another personal category kind of thing that I showed doing the Templeton where I did personal categories for the Templeton name study. So I could figure out those migration patterns so I can be lazy and not have to talk and, and send a thousand emails to people. That's so cool. Thank you so much. You're welcome. We appreciate everybody being here and we're not worried about the time. CD said this, this will not self destructing in seconds. We got a couple of things coming up on wiki tree. We've got challenge three. Please help research for the society of one place studies coming up. Oh, we've got a whole thing on the January Connect-a-thon highlights. The biggest highlight was that nobody fell asleep at the microphone doing live guests. Yes. That's a plus. It's a win. We've got a highlight going on for the genealogy Ontario ancestors, which we found out a lot about today because we did some of those profiles. And then challenge two week is the connect seven by seven for the society of Australian genealogists. Yes. Yes. That is so cool. We've got a lot of stuff going on. Now I showed you a couple of weeks ago that a really nice way to figure out what's going on on wiki tree is to go to the ambassadors project and click their social media information. And especially if you've got social media going on in your life, you can also help out. Here's that link for that. You can also help out by posting on your social media that things are going on or join the social media team as a part of the ambassador project. So we've got week of January 15th up right now. So we've got wiki tree hangouts, connect-a-thons that happened. Question of the week. That happened this week. One name study Tuesday. We've got lots of stuff going on. Friday night bingo. What is wiki tree? They don't have, they don't have information about the live cast. There we go. They don't have information about the date night. I don't see date night showing up on Friday somewhere there. Was it replaced by the bingo this time? Oh, it may have been. Maybe it's next week. Date nights every other week, isn't it? It is every other week. Bingo is every other week. So so you can go through here and you can find great links and great information and stuff about the Saturday hangouts with links and stuff. Azure is very good. She keeps up on that stuff and all that good stuff. I did try this week to go into the wiki tree question of the week thing and pop in the link for this week's live cast. So featured on Saturday live cast weekly roundup. So I've got the YouTube link in there. So one of us will try and remember to do that. So it's easier to find us. And we have somebody during the connect-a-thons say Saturday live casts. There are Saturday live casts. Really? Yeah, there are. There are. And we're here. And we're here seeing you all week. So have a great week. Stay out of trouble and all that good stuff. I'll see you guys next week. See you next week. Bye everyone. Thanks for coming.


Good afternoon. I'm going to talk about traces of Huthutni Itkak or the Huthut epic of the Itkak people in Ifugau. So first of all, there are some acknowledgments due to the people whose names you can see on this slide. And let's start. So Huthut is a relatively well-known epic chant performed in a number of central and southern municipalities of Ifugau province and it was proclaimed as a remarkable example of the oral and intangible heritage of humanity by UNESCO in 2001. Huthut is a predominantly female tradition. It is sung by a lead chanter who narrates the events of the story and the chorus, usually two or more people who finish the line with formulae presenting characters' names, place names, and rhythmic fillers. The tradition has very strong ritual connections and performances occur only in a variety of important rituals, as has been shown in Dr. Maria Sonyakovich works. There are four situational categories. The first one is Huthut for rice harvest, then Huthut for haircutting ceremony, Huthut for funeral or secondary burial, and the last one, Huthut for wedding, is probably extinct by now. And Huthut as genre is severely endangered, there are just few lead singers who are still alive. Before we proceed to talking in more detail about Huthut, I should say a couple of words about the languages spoken in the province. Actually, there are at least seven languages spoken in Ifugau and they belong to two distinct linguistic groups. The first one is central Cordillian, the other one is southern Cordillian. The first group, the central Cordillian languages in Ifugau include four closely related Ifugau languages. It's Tuvali Ifugau, you can see it in the map on the slide in the area on the left, with the centers in Gyanan and Hungduan. The other one is Amganad Ifugau, spoken in the area on the top, with the major centers in Banaue and Amganad. And the two last languages, Batad and Mayuio, are actually lumped together here in the map in the area on the right. The vast majority of the population of the province of Ifugau belongs to one of these four groups. On the other hand, the second group, major group of languages in Ifugau is southern Cordillian languages. They include three languages, Kalanuya, which has been mentioned once today, Kalei and Yatuka. On the map, you can see the area populated by Kalanuya, Yatuka and Kalei speakers. The area as you can see spans across three provinces, Benguet on the west, Ifugau on the north, in the north and Nuevo Vizcaya. The most number of speakers resides in Nuevo Vizcaya. Kalanuya has four dialects, northern, central, southern and western, or Benguet dialect. There are approximately 100,000 speakers of this language. As for Kalei, it is spoken only in two Barangays, Antipulo and Pula, in Asipulu municipality of Ifugau. The approximate population of these two Barangays according to the census of 2010 is 2,700 speakers. And finally, the Yatuka language is spoken in another two Barangays, Hamdintug and Nungawa, which are adjacent to Antipulo and Pula, where Kalei is spoken. And the approximate population of those two villages is also 2,700 speakers. Yatuka is not recognized in ethnologue or glottalogue as a separate language. It is only mentioned as a dialect of Kalei. However, they have, those two groups have distinctly separate ethnoguistic identities. The first description of Yatuka, of the Yatuka language was made by me as my PhD research. So, going back to Hudhud. This genre is mostly known in two closely related languages, Tuvali Ifugau and Amganad Ifugau. They belong to the same branch, the central Cordillian languages as I've already mentioned. However, Hudhud's are also sung in the Yatuka language by speakers of Yatuka as well as speakers of Kalei. So if a lead singer of Hudhud comes from the Kalei speaking region area, they would sing it in Yatuka only. There is no such thing apparently as Hudhud in Kalei. And all the published translated texts of Hudhud records were made in Tuvali speaking areas of Ifugau province. Most were published by Francis Lambert in the 1960s and by Lourdes de Lawan and Nicole Rivell in the 1990s in the Ateneo epic archive. As for Yatuka Hudhud's, there are three transcribed texts in preprint in Yatuka without any line breaks or translations translation. And finally, there are six transcribed and translated records that were made by Dr. Stanikowicz and more recently by myself. Apart from these three languages, Tuvali, Amganad and Yatuka, it seems to be a common knowledge among the local residents that there is no Hudhud in any other language. So for example, when I ask the direct question, do the Kalanguyas have Hudhud? I would usually hear a negative answer. And it stayed the same way until April 20th of 2016 when I was recording a rice harvest Hudhud sung by Hudhud soloist Alfredo Bumainin in Amduntug. Here you can see him on the picture in the middle. And there were a couple of other people in the room who asked him the same question, do the Kalanguyas have Hudhud? And quite unexpectedly, he said, yes, they do. And it's called Hudhud need kak. So who is Alfredo? Alfredo Bumainin. He is over six years old and he's a native Kalanguyas speaker originally from Brangailiwan in Asipulla municipality. And now he now he resides in Amduntug. And he is a Hudhud soloist, however, apparently not practicing anymore because his family and by extension himself are born again Christians nowadays. And later, on a later occasion I interviewed him about the Hudhud need kak that he mentioned. According to Alfredo, he heard it from a woman whose name was Indayu around 1962 in Barangay Kamandag near city of Takak, which is in Barangay Namal. These two Barangays are within the same municipality of Asipulla in Ifugail. Alfredo at that time was a bachelor and the place Kamandag is about half a day walking distance from Amduntug. Alfredo went there to help harvest rice and there were many people among whom was that lady Indayu, a Kalanguyas speaker. And while harvesting, Alfredo heard her singing a Hudhud on one of the days of the work. Also, Alfredo mentioned that Indayu was around 92 years old when she died and probably around between 72 and 82 when Alfredo heard her singing the Hudhud. Later, Indayu told the story of the Hudhud to Alfredo and he mentions that it is similar to that of rice harvest Hudhud in Yattuka with certain differences in the middle but the same wedding scene at the end. Alfredo describes the intonation of her Hudhud as soft or slow, the Tagalog term that was used is Malume, as opposed to fast or Mabilis intonation of the Yattuka Hudhud. And what's important is that according to Alfredo, the lyrics, the words of that Hudhud were in Kalanguya, not in Yattuka, not in Kalei or not in Duali. Alfredo was able to sing two short excerpts from Indayu's Hudhud from what he can remember and I was able to record those two excerpts. There are three and six lines respectively. So the question now was who are the Itkak and how come that normally you do not hear anything about them when you are in Khyangan or in some parts of Asipulu, populated by Kalei and Yattuka speakers. Now, most of the information you can see on this slide was obtained through Marlon Martin's assistance. Marlon Martin is the head of the local NGO, Save Ifugao Rice Terraces movement. And he happened to visit the area of the Itkak in February 2017 where he asked around about the Itkak. So what we were able to find out is that the Itkak, a residence of Siti Takak, it's how it's pronounced in Duali Ifugao or Tekak in Kalanguya or Tokak in Yattuka. And Takak, Siti Takak is located in Barangay-Namal, Asipulu municipality. The isolate that used to be spoken in Takak is mutually intelligible with the surrounding Kalanguya dialects. However, it has a different intonation and some lexical units. Itkak is said to be as far from Kalanguya as Kalei from Yattuka. The Itkak people apparently have or used to have a separate self-identity. They were rice terrace builders unlike the rest of the Kalanguya. Now this fact is important because Hoot Hoot chanting is closely related to rice agriculture, so having rice terraces could open the way to having an epic tradition based on it. And there are probably just three remaining Itkak speakers. One of them is actually the current Barangay captain of Namal. Alfredo Bumeineen also claimed that people in Takak used to be all Itkaks. However, nowadays what they speak is mixed with Kalanguya, Ilocano and Ayangan. Ayangan is an umbrella term for speakers of all Ifugao languages except for Tuvali, which is locally used. On this map you can see the locations of Barangay-Amdontug in Ifugao province and it's on the top, the top most star. Amdontug is where Tukka is spoken. Then you can see the location of the adjacent Barangay Antipulo, where Kalei is spoken and the approximate location of Siti Takak in Barangay-Namal, where the alleged Itkak language is spoken. Next, I tried to find if somebody else could provide any other information on Indayu or the Hood-Hood-Need-Kak that Alfredo mentioned. And the next person who confirmed what Alfredo told me was Appin Gumanen. Appin was around 90 years old when she passed away just a few days after my interview with her in August 2016. She was a Kalei speaker from Barangay Antipulo and probably she was the most knowledgeable among the Hood-Hood-Need singers in Asipulo. She told that she met Indayu in Siti Takak around two to three years after World War II and Appin went to Takak with friends and relatives with the same purpose to help harvest rice. At that time Indayu was already married but still young, probably in her 30s. Appin heard Indayu singing Hood-Hood-Nee-Pagi, rice harvest Hood-Hood, on one of the days of the work, and Appin even joined singing as a chorister. She also mentions that that Hood-Hood was sung in Kalanguya, not in Yattuka, not in Kalei or Tuali. Appin also sang a couple of lines as a sample of what she heard then, and the melody seemed to be the same as what Alfredo sang. However, unfortunately I didn't have a chance to record it on that occasion. The next person from whom I found something about Indayu was Gayan Timikpao Dulluan. She is around 90 years old and she is a Kalei speaker, resident of Barangay Pula in Asipulo. She is a Hood-Hood chorister. She is not a lead singer and she is the last native threadmaker in the municipality, probably in the whole province. She met Indayu in Barangay Pula where Indayu came to attend the wedding. That happened sometime before World War II, and Gayan was still a kid at that time. She just remembers that Indayu was beautiful and a great dancer. She also heard Indayu singing in Hood-Hood however Gayan wasn't able to provide any further details on the language or what kind of Hood-Hood it was, because probably she was too young or too much time has passed. Now, I have two short samples of what is supposed to be Hood-Hood-Need-Kak, as Alfredo remembered it, Alfredo Bomainin remembered it. And having a sample of what is supposed to be that Hood-Hood, we can compare at least the melody in it with the melodies employed in Tuvali and Yattuka Hood-Hoods. Unfortunately I don't have any samples of Hood-Hood in Amganad if you go, so we can just compare only Tuvali, Yattuka and what's supposed to be It-Kak. In all three, the melody as you're going to see in a moment is quite different. So here I'm going to play one line excerpts from three different Hood-Hoods records to illustrate it. The first one is from Tuvali Hood-Hood, published in the Artineu archive, Happy Kharkai by Lorde Stolovan and Nicole Rebell. Now the second one is from Yattuka Hood-Hood, which was recorded by me in 2016. And actually in most Yattuka Hood-Hood records there are two melodies, usually singers start singing it with melody A and then later halfway through they switch to melody B, then switch back before ending the performance to melody A or sometimes happens the other way around, sometimes they start with melody B, then switch to melody A. Anyway, here are the samples of the two melodies. And the second type of the melody for Yattuka Hood-Hoods. And finally I'm going to play the first sample I was able to record from Alfredo. This is a three line excerpt from what he remembers as Hood-Hood-Need-Kak. I know it's no, I know it's no. All right, so Alfredo who sang it was trying to, I'm not sure if it's all in Kalanguya, but he tried to at least imitate singing in Kalanguya, so you can see that he's singing Ganhaden which is the Kalanguya pronunciation as opposed to the usual Yattuka Ganhadon. Here I have the second sample also sung by Alfredo, but it's a longer one, six lines long and probably I don't have enough time to play it right now. So to sum up, Hoot Hoot is known to be sung only in three languages, Tuvalifugao, Anganadifugao and Yattuka, and existence of Hoot Hoot in any other languages usually denied. However, there are three oral accounts of a Hoot Hoot song in a Kalanguya speaking area by the same soloist on different occasions, and according to two out of those three accounts, that Hoot Hoot was sung in a previously undocumented Iselect Itkak. There are no mentions of Itkak in any literature as far as I know. It seems that there are just few Itkak speakers alive and so field work to document and describe that Itkak Iselect is urgently needed as it is highly likely to disappear rather soon. As for Hoot Hoot Itkak, if it indeed existed in the past, it's most likely extinct by now. However, we can try to gather some further evidence from other personal witnesses who might have heard that Hoot Hoot performed. However, there are some major issues involved that might make the field work in Barangay-Namal rather difficult. First of all, it's one of the remotest and most impoverished areas in Asepulu municipality. The roads are really poor and there is no electricity. And second, the area is infiltrated by the NPA, the New People's Army, who are recognized as a terrorist organization in the U.S. and the European Union. And in fact, in February of 2017, there were clashes between the Philippine Army and the NPA fighters in Barangay-Namal. So more than 300 residents with children had to flee to evacuation centers on the gunfire. So that's all. Thank you. Have you published your PhD? No, I haven't. Unfortunately, it had to be written in Russian. So I had to translate it first. If I send you my email, will you send me a PDF? I can read Russian. All right, sure, sure. I was wondering how the soloist passed the knowledge to the next soloist, the next generation. Okay, well, as far as I know, they are an aspiring hood-hood solo singer. Well, first they become a chorister. First they just listen to the performances, then later, when they're feeling that they are capable of supporting the line, they can join as a chorister. And as time passes, I think they just master the whole tradition. Although it's actually a long process because most lead singers are women, around 50, 60, and years old and older. So it takes decades for people to master it. But of course, nowadays it's, I don't think it's going to survive within the following 20, 30 years. Yeah? Yeah, they've been saying that about Sagata rituals since 45. So long as it's there, it's always got a chance. Every generation declares this is the last one. It's been now getting on to a century. But I was going to ask how, I know very much that the Tuali speakers see themselves as a kind of aristocracy within the Ifugal. And that the Kalanguya are, they've been often have long time denied the existence of Kalanguya and are seen as sort of culturally lesser. So how does the Tuali respond to the idea that there's a Kalanguya-speaking group, Delta, who sing a hoodwit? The thing is actually, from my own experience, most Tuali speakers don't even recognize that there are several different groups within the Kalanguya speakers because they refer to speakers of all Southern Cordillian languages or Isolans or dialects, whatever you call them, as Kalanguya. But so mostly, or there is also a term, Hanglulu, applied to residents of Asipulu. So most Tuali speakers that I know of don't even know about the existence of Yetuka and Kalei as opposed to Kalanguya. And well, I'm not sure how to answer your question directly, but the thing is probably I stayed more in Asipulu among the Yetuka speakers and what I can say is that the Yetuka singers consider themselves as the original ones when it comes to hoodwit. And they think that sometimes they express the idea that everybody else copied it from them. I was just wondering, because there's this conflict about the hoodwit that regardless of the ethnolinguistic group, that when they performed the hoodwit, not ordinary singers could do it. Are you aware of that? What do you mean by ordinary singers? My point is, I mean, normally the hoodwit singers are women with no husband or spinster, because they believe that when they might invoke the spirit of Buka, it is a very tragic story about Buka, that they might get the negative spirit that if you are married, your husband would die. Well, among the hoodwit lead singers that I knew, there were elderly women who were widows, there were women with husbands, there were homosexual males, there were males with wives. So it's predominantly still more often it's elderly women, but any kind of... Normally before the practice of hoodwit, as far as the information that I... Sorry, I'm not non-academic or non-things about it, but living in the area, asipulu, I've been in asipulu for quite some time in 97, and actually your photo of Pimig Pao, I have a photo of her with him in 97. So, well, it's a possibility definitely, but the thing is what kind of data do we have to support it? So I can't comment on this, because I don't have any data. That's according to Manuel Tulao, who's a Ford grantee. Oh, yeah, I know him. How much time did you spend in your fieldwork, and did you refer to Nicole Revelle? Or is it something you did after or before your fieldwork? I spent around nine months altogether in Ifugao in several trips, between 2015 and 2016, no, 2014 and 2016. So as for Nicole Revelle, well, sorry, what was your question about Nicole Revelle? Did you refer to Nicole Revelle in Atinaio first before you went, or after? After. Well, I mean, I was familiar with some of her works before that, but when I started my PhD, I started to look into it in more detail. Do singers understand the words they're saying? The lead singers and choristers, as far as I understand, normally do, but it's not supposed to be understood by other people, because it's sacred tradition, and it's supposed to be the language of the gods. So it's partially archaic. So there are many words which used to be used in everyday language, but are not used anymore, and partially it's sacred language, so there are some words which have never been used in the everyday language, and there are some grammar changes as well, if you compare it to the way they speak daily. But as for the lead singers, I think they do understand.


Chapter 29 How Candide Found Kunaganda and the Old Woman Again While Candide, the Baron, Pangloss, Martin, and Kakamba were relating their several adventures were reasoning on the contingent or non-contingent events of the universe, disputing on effects and causes, on moral and physical evil, on liberty and necessity, and on the consolations a slave may feel even on a Turkish galley, they arrived at the house of the Transylvanian Prince on the banks of the propontus. The first objects which met their sight were Kunaganda and the Old Woman hanging towels out to dry. The Baron paled at this sight, the tender loving Candide, seeing his beautiful Kunaganda in brown with bloodshot eyes, withered neck, wrinkled cheeks, and rough red arms, recoiled three paces, seized with horror, and then advanced out of good manners. She embraced Candide and her brother, they embraced the Old Woman, and Candide ransomed them both. There was a small farm in the neighborhood which the Old Woman proposed to Candide to make a shift with till the company could be provided for in a better manner. Kunaganda did not know she had grown ugly, for nobody had told her of it, and she reminded Candide of his promise in so positive a tone that the good man durst not refuse her. He therefore intimated to the Baron that he intended marrying his sister. I will not suffer, said the Baron, such meanness on her part, and such insolence on yours. I will never be reproached with this scandalous thing. My sister's children would never be able to enter the church in Germany. No, my sister shall only marry a Baron of the Empire. Kunaganda flung herself at his feet and bathed them with her tears. Still he was inflexible. Thou foolish fellow, said Candide, I have delivered thee out of the galleys. I have paid thy ransom and thy sister's also. She was a scullion, and it's very ugly, yet I am so condescending as to marry her. And dost thou pretend to oppose the match? I should kill thee again, were I only to consult my anger. Now mayest kill me again, said the Baron, but thou shalt not marry my sister, at least whilst I am living. CHAPTER XXXVIII. THE CONCLUSION At the bottom of his heart, Candide had no wish to marry Kunaganda, but the extreme impertinence of the Baron determined him to conclude the match, and Kunaganda pressed him so strongly that he could not go from his word. He consulted Pangloss, Martin, and the faithful Kakambo. Pangloss drew up an excellent memorial wherein he proved that the Baron had no right over his sister, and that according to all the laws of the empire, she might marry Candide with her left hand. Martin was for throwing the Baron into the sea. Kakambo decided that it would be better to deliver him up again to the captain of the galle, after which they thought to send him back to the general father of the order at Rome by the first ship. This advice was well received. The old woman approved it. They said not a word to his sister. The thing was executed for a little money, and they had the double pleasure of entrapping a Jesuit and punishing the pride of a German Baron. It is natural to imagine that after so many disasters, Candide married and living with the philosopher Pangloss, the philosopher Martin, the prudent Kakambo and the old woman, having besides brought so many diamonds from the country of the ancient Incas, must have led a very happy life.  His wife became uglier every day, more peevish and unsupportable. The old woman was in firm and even more fretful than Kunaganda. Kakambo, who worked in the garden and took vegetables for a sale to Constantinople, was fatigued with hard work and cursed his destiny. Pangloss was in despair at not shining in some German university. For Martin he was firmly persuaded that he would be as badly off elsewhere and therefore bore things patiently. Candide, Martin, and Pangloss sometimes disputed about morals and metaphysics. They often saw passing under the windows of their farm boats full of effindees, poshers and cuddies who were going into banishment to Lemnos, Mytilene, or Erzurum. And they saw other cuddies, poshers and effindies, coming to supply the place of the exiles, and afterwards exiled in their turn. They saw heads decently impaled for presentation to the sublime port. Such spectacles as these increased the number of their dissertations, And when they did not dispute, time hung so heavily upon their hands, That one day the old woman ventured to say to them, I want to know which is worse. To be ravished a hundred times by negro pirates, To have a buttock cut off, To run the gauntlet among the Bulgarians, To be whipped and hanged at an autodoffee, To be dissected, to row in the galleys, In short to go through all the miseries we have undergone, Or to stay here and have nothing to do. It is a great question, said Candide. This discourse gave rise to new reflections, And Martin especially concluded that man was born to live, Either in a state of distracting inquietude or of lethargic disgust. Candide did not quite agree to that, but he affirmed nothing. He assumed that he had always suffered horribly, But as he had once asserted that everything went wonderfully well, He asserted it still, though he no longer believed it. What helped to confirm Martin and his detestable principles, To stagger Candide more than ever, And to puzzle Pangloss, was that one day they saw Paquette and Friar Garuffelay land at the farm in extreme misery. They had soon squandered their 3,000 piastres, parted, were reconciled, quarreled again, Were thrown into jail, had escaped, and Friar Garuffelay had at length become turk. Paquette continued her trade wherever she went, but made nothing of it. I foresaw, said Martin to Candide, that your presence would soon be dissipated, But only make them the more miserable. You have rolled in millions of money, you and Cacombo, And yet you are not happier than Friar Garuffelay and Paquette.  Do you know that you cost me the tip of my nose, and eye, And an ear as you may see?  And now this new adventure set them philosophizing more than ever. In the neighborhood there lived a very famous dervish, Who was esteemed the best philosopher in all Turkey, And they went to consult him. Pangloss was the speaker. Master, said he, we come to beg you to tell Why so strange an animal as man was made. With what medallist thou, said the dervish, Is it thy business? But Reverend Father said Candide, There is horrible evil in this world. What signifies it, said the dervish, Whether there be evil or good, When his highness sends a ship to Egypt? Does he trouble his head, Whether the mice on board are at their ease or not? What then must we do, said Pangloss? What's your tongue? Answered the dervish. I was in hopes, said Pangloss, That I should reason with you a little about causes and effects, About the best of possible worlds, The origin of evil, the nature of the soul, And a pre-established harmony.  During this conversation the news was spread That two viziers and the mufti had been strangled At Constantinople, and that several of their friends Had been impaled. This catastrophe made a great noise for some hours. Pangloss, Candide and Martin, returning to the little farm, Saw a good old man taking the fresh air at his door Under an orange bower. Pangloss, who was as inquisitive as he was argumentative, Asked the old man what was the name of the strangled mufti. I do not know, answered the worthy man, And I have not known the name of any mufti, Nor of any vizier.  I presume, in general, that they who meddle With the administration of public affairs Die sometimes miserably, and that they deserve it. But I never trouble my head about What is transacting at Constantinople. I content myself with sending there for sale The fruits of the garden which I cultivate. Having said these words, he invited the strangers Into his house. His two sons and two daughters presented them With several sorts of sherbet, which they made themselves. With chai-mak, enriched with the candied peel of citrons. With oranges, lemons, pineapples, pistachio nuts, And mocha coffee, unadulterated with the bad coffee And matevia, or the American islands. After which the two daughters of the honest musulman Perfumed the strangers' beards. You must have a vast and magnificent estate, said Candied to the Turk. I have only twenty acres, replied the man. I and my children cultivate them. Our labor preserves us from three great evils. Weariness, vice, and want. Heed on his way home made profound reflections On the old man's conversation. This honest Turk, said he to Pangloss and Martin, Seems to be in a situation far preferable to that Of the six kings with whom we had the honor of supping. Granger, said Pangloss, is extremely dangerous According to the testimony of philosophers. For in short, a glon king of Moab was assassinated by Ehud. Absalom was hung by his hair and pierced with three darts. King Nadab, son of Jeroboam, was killed by Basa. King Ela, by Zimri. Ahaziah, by Jehu. Athaliah, by Jehoada. The kings Jehoakim, Jeconiah, and Zedekiah Were led into captivity. You know how perished creases, Astyages, Darius, Deneisius of Syracuse, Pyrrhus, Sposius, Hannibal, Jugurta, Ariovistus, Caesar, Pompey, Nero, Otho, Vitellius, Domitian, Richard II of England, Edward II, Henry VI, Richard III, Mary Stuart, Charles I, the three Henry's of France, the Emperor Henry IV. You know, I also know, said Candide, that we must cultivate our garden. You are right, said Pangloss. For when man was first placed in the Garden of Eden, he was put there, ute, opera retour, ume, that he might cultivate it, which shows that man was not born to be idle. Let us work, said Martin. Without disputing it, it is the only way to render life tolerable. The whole little society entered into this laudable design, according to their different abilities. Their little plot of land produced plentiful crops. Cunaganda was indeed very ugly, but she became an excellent pastry cook. Paquette worked at embroidery. The old woman looked after the linen. They were all not accepting friar garaflet of some service or other, for he made a good joiner and became a very honest man. Pangloss sometimes said to Candide, there is a concatenation of events in this best of all possible worlds, for if you had not been kicked out of a magnificent castle for love of Miss Cunaganda, if you had not been put into the Inquisition, if you had not walked over America, if you had not stabbed the Baron, if you had not lost all your sheep from the fine country of El Dorado, you would not be here, eating preserved citrons and pistachio nuts. All that is very well answered, Candide, but let us cultivate our garden. End Chapter 30 and End of the Book. Candide by Voltaire. This is a LibriVox recording. All LibriVox recordings are in the public domain. For more information or to volunteer, please visit LibriVox.org. Read by Ted DeLorm in Fort Mill, South Carolina during January 2007. Thank you for listening.