Mae'r bobl ynstäun o'n meddwl o'ch cymorth am y cwmodau. Felly, mae yna ei fod yn allan, a rwy'n meddwl yna y cefnodol yw'r cymorth, neu'r cwmodau, ac mae'r bobl yw'r cymorth yn du fod sig ar hyn y cwmodau. Felly, mae'r cwmodau wedi cael eu cymorth yn gwahanol, mae wedyn yn cael ei gweld yn gweld yn siŵr, ac mae'n cael ei bod yn blaid â'r cymorth, mae'n cael ei gy natuurlijk, neu y cymorth yn gweld yn cael ei cymorth. Mae'n cael ei gweld yn cymorth yn cymorth .. bod y cymdeilio cymdeilio'r cymdeilio cymdeilio sydd yn ei wneud yn ygymell iawn. Mae'r cymdeilio o'r cymdeilio sydd yn ei wneud. Mae'r cymdeilio'r cymdeilio sydd yn ei wneud, ond yn rhan o'r cymdeilio cymdeilio yma yn y sefydliadau. Ac mae'n fwy o wybod. Mae'n gweithio yw'r cymdeilio sydd mewn ym mhwyngi a'r cymdeilio yma ym 398 miliwn cymdeilio. A that's mostly consumer goods. Think as well of all the raw materials, the actual machines and so on, that are sold around the world on the market. And we really are truly talking about an immense collection of commodities. The commodity therefore is like the basic cell of capitalism. You need to be understanding what a commodity is and, also crucially, what determines its value in order to be able to understand the rest of the functioning of the capitalist system. So, for all of the talk of commodities what actually are they? If you look in the business press like the financial times or in some kind of economics textbooks, you'll see reference to commodity markets, and by this they are talking about exchange of things like coal, oil, wheat, steel, and things like this. These are things that are really not finished goods but are inputs into later production processes. What Marx is understanding of commodity was actually much broader than this. It's not just unfinished goods. So byńk maker you've read in the business, press or economics textbooks… Firstly, Marks points out that commodity must be a product of labour… Now this can be a tangible good, something you can actually physically hold… Where it's like this book or the table… Or it can be a service provided, such as a haircut. Or I was going to repair your car, for example. Now for all the talk about Marks not being relevant in Britain… Or advanced capitalist countries now a days due to the decline of Heavy Industry … I say that is not true. Gwyddoedd, gyddoedd yma sydd wedi cymryd yn gwneud, yng Nghymru'r bod yn ysgrifennu'r busaidd Cymraen. Mae anodd oedd yn cael ei hunain ffordd o bach teimlo gydeg yna, mae hwnnw wedi gydag rhai gwir ystafell o'r plac fried oedl atdraethau, sefydliadol drwy gynllunodd. Al hyn yw'r cwrwch yn cael eu gwir ystafell cymraen yn cymryd wedi gweld y gwasanaeth, mae hwnnw yn cymryd ei bod yn cyfredig ystafell, ..n a new feature that separates commodities from other forms of goods and services produced in different modes of production. For example, if you take an early tribal society, they had to produce items necessary for their own existence. Things like clothing, tools, clothing, shelter and so on. These were socially produced with the wealth belonging to the entire tribe. Instead, there was no need for the exchange of goods between individual members of the tribe as they all would have simply taken what they needed of that stall of Commonwealth. Christopher Marx notes those, only the products of mutually independent acts of labour performed in isolation that can confront each other as commodities. Otherwise there's no need to exchange them if you can all take freely. So in order for commodity production to develop, it requires this emergence of a division of labour in society. So rather that everybody being involved with the joint production of Goodson a Tribe, you know, you get a specialisation.  You get this division of labour. Now that doesn't happen overnight, but it takes a long process of development which I don't really have time to go into. However, although we've had commodity production in earlier forms of society, including slavery and feudalism, it's only under that commodity production formed only a very small part of the production of society. The vast majority of goods were produced either for personal consumption, for example in the case of peasant farmers who were produced for themselves and their own families, or they were directly appropriated by the ruling class themselves, so slave owners and feudal lords, without any exchange of return. It's only under capitalism that commodity production becomes generalised. The vast majority of goods and services are produced not for individual consumption but for exchange on the market. So how then are we to understand the value of a commodity? Marks explains that commodities have a dual nature and it makes a crucial distinction between on the one hand the used value of a commodity and its exchange value. Now he notes that all commodities, through their properties, must satisfy some kind of social need. They must be an object of utility, and in this sense they're a used value. If they weren't useful, nobody would buy them. You would find nobody to exchange them with. This used value is based on the physical properties of the object itself. So for example this table is useful because it is solid. It can support lots of weight. It's stable. It holds things up. It doesn't fall over. Alternatively this t-shirt is useful because it has the property of being able to retain heat and so on. It doesn't matter what kind of need that is satisfied or indeed how that need is satisfied. Marks says it doesn't matter whether it's a need arising from the stomach, such as the need for food to stop you starving, or from the imagination. So it's a need that's not necessary to keep you alive, but it can become a need. So take for example today a mobile phone or luxury goods such as jewellery. You don't need it to stay alive, but it becomes a need in any event. This puts to bed these ideas that somehow Marx's economics is not relevant today. It's simply your sword buying consumer goods that we don't really need. Marx explained it doesn't matter. Needs can be created. You can see this in the trillions of pounds spent on advertising agencies to try to convince us that we need certain products such as makeup or cigarettes or a razor with seven blades. Now once commodity production is developed you find that certain commodities exchange in certain definite ratios with one another. They have what Marx calls an exchange value. Now Marx gives the example in capital of a quantity of wheat exchanging for a certain quantity of iron. But it could be any commodities at all, whether it's tins of beans, loaves of breads, computers, cars, or anything else that's exchanged. Now what is it that makes these commodities exchange in certain ratios with one another? Why is it that I would have to exchange three tins of baked beans for one loaf of bread, or 300 loaves of bread for one computer? Now of course we're exchanging different use values. Are they all satisfied different needs and different ways? But it's not the usefulness of a thing that determines why it exchanges in these certain defined ratios. What makes a tin of beans useful? Primarily it's as quality as a food. It stops you from going hungry and starving. You might also consider things like its taste or its longevity. But why does it take three of them then to exchange for one loaf of bread? Is one loaf of bread more or less useful? How would you quantify it? Some people might say, well, bread is tastier. Others would disagree. It's subjective. But tin of beans last longer. But it could therefore be seen as more useful. But it's always cheaper than the loaf of bread. Why is that? But here we're talking about both beans and bread. They both ultimately satisfy the same need to keep us fed. But what about the computer or the car? It's obvious that their usefulness differs not quantifiably. You can't measure usefulness objectively according to some kind of single scale. You can't have a measuring device like a thermometer and put it against a commodity and then suddenly work out exactly how useful it is. The difference is qualitative. It's because they have different qualities that they satisfy different needs. What actually is it then that all commodities do have in common? If you disregard the specific useful functions of each of them, it's that they are all the products of human labour. How can we compare them quantifiably by the very fact that different amounts of labour have gone into their production? Marks wasn't the first to put forward the idea that labour is the source of value. As Rob explained, the classical economists before him, such as Adam Smith and David Ricciardo, also held to this view. But unlike them, Marks didn't look at value just from the point of view of the individual producer, such as the mason or the weaver, but he saw human labour as the abstract, i.e. society's labour in general. Now, as mentioned earlier, society characterized by commodity production is based on a division of labour. So different people perform different kinds of labour. This could be, for example, a carpenter, a mason, or a weaver, or whatever. And they all perform different concrete kinds of labour, joining, building, weaving, to produce different kinds of use values, so tables, houses and cloth. But when considering exchange value, since we're abstracting away from the different uses and considering commodities only from the view of their common social substance, i.e. labour, we also abstract away from them the different concrete kinds of labour that went into their production. The tables, houses and cloth are no longer the products of carpenter's, mason's and weavers, but of human labour in the abstract. And this flows from the dual nature of the commodities. On the one hand, it has a use value because labour of a specific concrete kind has gone into it, giving it certain physical qualities, but it has an exchange value since human labour in the abstract has gone into it. Note that when considering human labour in the abstract, we're reducing different kinds of labour involving different levels of skill down to a kind of simple average labour. And so more complex labour is simply considered as a different multiple of simple or unskilled labour. And simple average labour marks points out isn't something that's fixed and eternal throughout all of human history, but it varies between different countries and different cultural epochs. But if you consider it at one point of time, it is in society as given. The exchange value isn't something natural inherent to the commodity. You can't dissect a commodity, you can't cut it apart and find its value in there. You can't look at it under a microscope and discover it. However, it does exist. So not as a physical property of the commodity itself, but as a social property. And this should be obvious when you consider that use values such as clothes and tools have existed throughout human existence. But it's only under certain social conditions, a certain mode of production, you know, once they're exchanged as commodities that they acquire an exchange value. So this is a social property of these commodities. How can we determine it then? Well, I said the clue is in the name. It's through the act of exchange that this value becomes apparent. However, it's not based on the single act of exchange and nor is it determined by the labour of an isolated producer. So, if I produce coats for a living and I want to exchange these coats with someone who produces shoes, that single act of exchange that I swap a coat for a pair of shoes doesn't determine the value of coats and shoes in general. Under capitalism, where commodity exchange is universal and generalised, commodities are not exchanged between individuals, but through the medium of the market. The actual producers and consumers of commodities rarely, if in fact ever, actually meet each other in person. You don't get to ask the shopkeeper how much labour was spent in the production of commodities on the shelf. So you know, when you go into a shop like Tesco, you're confronted with many of the same commodities standing behind each other on the shelf, whether it's vegetables, meat, clothes or TVs. Therefore, the individual character of the actual specific labour that went into the production of each one of these items is lost. So, despite putting the name of a farmer on a packet of carrots, all you really see is just a bunch of carrots of various sizes and shapes or t-shirts or TVs, you don't know how exactly they were produced. So, how then do we measure and compare the general abstract human labour that went into their production? It's simply by its duration, it's by the time that it was spent in the production of these commodities. But note, since we're talking about exchange value, or rather from now on, I'll simply call it value of a commodity, it's not based on the actual individual labour that went into it, but it's based on the amount of labour required to produce such a given commodity in general. That's an important point, because the exchange value is therefore determined not by the individual labour that went into it, but by the socially necessary labour time required in general to produce such a commodity. Mark's notes that this is determined by the conditions of production, which are normal for a given society, including the average degree and skill of an intensity of labour prevalent in that society, i.e. what we call the productivity of labour. Such value is not something that's fixed and internal to a commodity, but it changes with time and place to certain historical and social conditions. So, for example, when you go into a shop, you don't ask or care about how much time when you're producing a particular article. All that matters, really, is the time required on average given the normal conditions of production. So, if you imagine that you're at a street market and there is a market stall with two boxes of peppers for sale, they're pretty much exactly the same peppers, but one was offered for sale for double the price of the other. Now, the seller says, well, these are more valuable since double the amount of time unfortunately went into their production. Unfortunately, we had a slower set of workers picking them and harvesting them, so that's why I'm going to charge more. Well, of course, you would say, no, thanks, I'm going to buy the cheaper ones and the ones produced by these slower workers are going to remain unsold. Hence, sellers on the market, which dares very much a global market, are forced to compete against this average level of skill, technology and organisation found in their branch of industry. If they don't, they're going to be forced out of business. So, nobody is therefore calculating exactly how much labour went into the production of each commodity. There's no one there from state trading standards to each stage of production with a stopwatch measuring the amount of time put into it. It's through competition on the market that forces commodities to be produced according to their socially necessary labour time. So, capitalism therefore produces a drive to develop the productivity of labour and we're going to consider this in much more detail in one of the later sessions today. But I think the important thing to understand now is that in doing so, if labour is more productive, if we're able to produce a greater mass of use values in the same duration of time, society becomes more wealthy. You know, we have more use values to go around. But at the same time, each individual commodity becomes less valuable in itself. It has a lower exchange value since less socially necessary labour time has gone into its production. So, for an example of this, you had the development of the power loon centuries ago. In a 10-hour day, for example, you were able to produce double the amount of cloth that could be woven previously by hand using a hand loon. So, if I take an arbitrary figure, you might get 100 square metres of cloth produced in a day rather than 50. Now, society is clearly wealthier in the fact that in one day's labour you now have double the amount of cloth produced. You have more use values. But the actual exchange value produced in one day, as in the value, is still the same. It's still the product of one day's labour. However, that value is now spread across double the amount of cloth. So, each square metre of cloth now represents half as much value as before. So, those using a hand loon don't get to sell their cloth at the old rate, i.e. for double its now current value, as that produced by a power loon. Now, only half of their labour represents the socially necessary labour time required for the production of cloth. And this is really something that mainstream economists don't understand or cannot explain, because they confuse use value and exchange value. Because they think everything is determined by its utility, how can something become less valuable but be just as useful? Now, this leads us onto the question of price, which we mustn't confuse with that of value or exchange value. If you look at the prices of commodities, they fluctuate. Sometimes they're increasing, sometimes they decrease. Also, at the same time, you can go into different shops and find different prices for exactly the same commodity. Does this mean that those specific commodities have different underlying values? I'll say, no, price is only the monetary expression of value. And it fluctuates around its value according to the laws of supply and demand. So, if supply is short and demand is high, prices will increase above their values. If supply is high and demand is low, prices will decrease below their values. And this very mechanism of supply and demand produces a certain equilibrium. You can see prices oscillating around an average providing that the productivity of labour and other factors remain constant. And that average, when supply and demand therefore cancel each other out over a given period of time, is linked, therefore, to the underlying value of the commodities. This question of price is frequently used by capitalist economists to try and rubbish Marx's economics and say it doesn't work. They say, well, what about things that no labour has gone into, like aversion forest? How can that have a price? Well, Marx never denied that it's possible for things that are not the product of labour to actually be offered as sale. And therefore, through their price, they take on a commodity form. But it takes a certain development of society of private property rights, of commodity production and of money for all this to even be possible. But once this is the case, all sorts of things can be offered for sale. For example, if you go back to the medieval period, the church used to actually sell what they called indulgences. And for a certain price, they would absolve you of any sin that you happen to commit. But I would say, if you take commodity production as a whole, these sorts of things are extremely rare and isolated and therefore are an unusual or fringe element of the economy. Likewise, how is it that certain items can fetch enormous sums of money, such as works of art or fine wines, which seem to have nothing to do with the amount of labour that actually went into their production? If we validate the labour theory of value, we have to be clear that here we are dealing with unique or extremely scarce items and they can't be produced through the application of more labour. Their price cannot be bought down through competition. As such, the demand can vastly outstrip the supply, leading to extremely high prices, i.e. monopoly prices. So Marx's labour theory of value, the value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labour time that goes into their production. We are not dealing with isolated acts of exchange between individuals, such as at an art auction, but we are dealing with generalised commodity exchange over the course of the whole global market. Now, Marx spends a good deal of Chapter 1 explaining the development of the exchange value, how it in fact begins precisely with these isolated acts of exchange between individuals through the process of barter, where in fact the ratio of goods exchange can appear accidental. We are not dealing with isolated acts of exchange between individuals, but they can appear accidental all the way through to a general form of exchange value, where through the acts of millions of exchanges of commodities, the value of any one commodity can be expressed in relation to all others. This requires the development of money, which acts as a universal equivalent by a commodity that can be exchanged with all other commodities and therefore gives expression to their values. But with barter, the exact ratios that commodities exchanging can be more or less appear accidental. But with the generalisation of commodity exchange, each individual act of exchange loses its individual character and becomes one of thousands of exchanges on the markets. Therefore, these ratios average out. They begin to confront buyers and sellers on the market as prices, and importantly, these are not of their choosing, but appear as established facts, representing ultimately the socially necessary labour time that goes into their production, i.e. the exchange value. For example, when you go into a supermarket you don't haggle over the prices of the things that are on the shelves. Or even in areas of the market where you might be expected to haggle, the price that you haggle around isn't arbitrary. In fact, you come to generally know the going rate of things. Mark says, in the midst of the accidental and ever fluctuating exchange relations between the products, the labour time socially necessary to produce them asserts itself as a regulative law of nature. This law is not something that's timeless or imposed from without, but emerges from the interactions within. Once commodity exchange reaches a certain level of development, I become generalised. Importantly, Mark explains how this law becomes mystified, how it becomes obscured. Rather than understanding values, ultimately a social relation between people engaged in the production of commodities as part of a division of labour, it appears upside down as a relationship between things, i.e. the commodities themselves. This is what he refers to as commodity fetishism, fetish being an ethnographical term to describe how in early societies certain objects could become imbued with mystical properties, i.e. praying to like an idol, like a carving of a god, in order to summon that god to make it rain. You can see this in Christianity where people believe that certain relics, bones of saints or supposed pieces of the cross, have mystical powers. Once commodity exchange reaches a certain level of development, you have individual producers of commodities all bound together through the market, and despite their individual labour having a private character, they're in fact part of this social division of labour of society mediated through the market. But it's only through exchanging their commodities that they discover whether their individual labour is in fact part of the total necessary labour of society. If it's not, then their commodities remain unsold. Therefore in the minds of the producers it's not this relationship between people that's evident, it's the relationship between the things they produce, the commodities, the things they're trying to sell. The commodity exchange, due to some kind of mysterious characteristics of their own, they appear to develop a power over human beings. Their value appears to be something that's intrinsic to them as use values rather than because they're the product of human labour. So a coat therefore appears to have a certain value simply because it is a coat or a quantity of iron because it is a quantity of iron. Therefore excuse the fact that they both represent amounts of congealed human labour. This is particularly reinforced with the emergence of money. It appears as if iron metals such as silver and gold or pieces of paper possess a magical power inherent within them in that they can be exchanged with all other commodities. Now commodity producers therefore appear to all be blindly chasing money and it appears as if it has the mastery of over humanity. If you don't have money then obviously you can't survive. But since production isn't consciously planned the producers own products confront them as an alien power on the market. If there's therefore a glut of commodities on the market you can't sell your products because it's not within your control. You can see this with an economic crisis. It confronts us as a blind force throwing millions of people out of work leading to why it's been misery. Why? Because commodities cannot be sold in the market. It appears as if these commodities by themselves suddenly refuse to be sold and that there's nothing that we can do about it. Let's say Mark's point that's out it's only when you have a free association of people planning production collectively, i communism that this commodity fetishism will disappear. So instead of our relations being mediated through the exchange of commodities on the market we can consciously begin to plan production collectively and distribute these things according to need. And this is really the fundamental point touched upon by Mark's at the end of the chapter, namely that in uncovering the mystery of the commodity understanding exchange value as a social relation it becomes clear that it hasn't always existed but is specific to a certain relations of production, i commodity production. So in understanding that this law of value has a history it also has a beginning and undergrows a process of development and it's implicit that this law isn't timeless it's not a physical property of the commodities themselves but it has a transitory character and it's for this reason that Mark suggests that the various capitalist economists are unable to come to this conclusion as to accept that commodity production is not fixed and eternal means to accept that capitalism is also a transitory system of production and it means drawing revolution conclusions. So that's kind of a whistle-stop tour of chapter one. But I say that this can all seem a bit abstract and I say it's for that reason that this chapter can appear as one of the most difficult to get to grips with. But I say it's vital to build up these concepts that underpin the understanding of the system of a whole. Concepts such as what is a commodity the dual nature of a commodity it's use value, it's exchange value the socially necessary labour time price versus value, commodity fettersism and so on. These things are vital if we're to understand more complicated concepts such as capital surplus labour and profit that we'll consider throughout the rest of this day. So I haven't had much time to elaborate on examples but I think I hope we've got plenty of time to go into much more detail in the discussion and I'll leave it there. Thank you.


This is Jumana Husev Chinnekamwala. The word cancer sounds like the end of the world, but it is not. I was detected with cancer around three and a half years back. I went to different hospitals initially, but was not completely satisfied. And then my husband coaxed me to go to Dr. Shabbar Zaveri, only for a second opinion.  Because Shabbar was so warm, so to the point that all the other hospitals did not explain my problem, my disease, my shock, which I underwent initially to me like the way Shabbar did. And with so much of confidence that I absolutely was sure that I was not going anywhere except for Manipal and except for Dr. Shabbar Zaveri. He is a fabulous, fabulous, fabulous doctor. The journey at Manipal was extremely, extremely comfortable. The whole journey to my survival today has been absolutely fabulous. Do not ignore your body. Your body is the best place which will guide you and let you know when there is something going wrong. I detected my problem myself. I felt that there was something amiss and that's how I actually got around getting myself tested and just because I did it at the right time, I had the chance of survival. I could not have completed this without the support of my family. My husband had sleepless nights just researching because I'm pretty much the first in my full khandan who has undergone something like that. So initially it just came as a major, major shock to us. My kids who are my strongest point, my younger son comes to me and says, mom, are you going to live? And I'm like, yes, mom's a fighter and she is going to survive this. So yeah, my elder son has been like this biggest rock in my life, making sure that every moment was comfortable for mama. He just grew up suddenly.  Without my family, I would have never been able to get this far. My doctor told me, you are going to get back to work as soon as you're going to be okay. And it was surprising that the third day of my surgery, I put my drain pipes into my purse, put my purse on my shoulder and went to work from day three. All through my radiation, I have worked through. That's what I feel. I feel we women are so strong that if we decide up here that we want to survive, we will do it. So it's all about this inner strength of women and the power which we carry and we spread. So as women, I would say, if you decide, you can go get it.


You kind of just have to respect Hordy Jones and how quickly he deals with things. Bruce on Opportunity climbed this god-danged ship and just murdered Vanderdeckin. Well, welcome back to the channel, my name is Jack the Buster, I'm Shinobi. I'm watching more One Piece today and we are the, I'm guessing Climax of this entire arc. As we are seeing an arc, maybe perhaps falling back to Earth now, since Hordy Jones murdered Vanderdeckin and now his power is nullified? I mean the ship won't keep following Shirahoshi, it's just gonna fall when it's right above everybody.  Dang dude. Rip the old pedophile, man. Gigi will probably not really be missed by anybody. Oh, I think he's kind of cracking his staff. You squirt? Oh, shoot! Wait, where is it going? Is it gonna come back like a boomerang? But then he came up with a plan. Displace the straw hats. Yeah, no, Vanderdeckin 100% dies because nobody's gonna save him and this furthers his plan. Wait, isn't he just kind of, hit it? Oh! Oh! What about the blade? Oh no! Oh!  That would have been metal. I don't know if they'd be that violent in the anime though. Dang, man. Rip Bozo, the end of Vanderdeckin. Look at his body just slide! It's always so surprising when somebody actually just dies in one piece, man.  Like, oh my gosh. The end of Vanderdeckin! I'm still surprised Hordy hasn't popped more pills yet.  I like how Hordy called him a martyr though. Wait, what is he gonna do?  Oh, shoot. See, now Luvian and the prince have to worry about the ship and Shirahoshi. Oh, y'all gonna die, bro. Yeah, they don't stand a chance against him. I'm sorry. He's all drugged up. Ho-Way! I would feel more confident there's just not much Luvian can do underwater. Oh, wait, did he just smack Ho-Way? I thought Ho-Way got a hit in for a second. Go Shirahoshi! Swim! At least they don't have to worry about the ship anymore. He's messing with her, bro. Yeah, dude. Oh, god. And knowing now that he's the one that killed all that he may is even worse. And how long she knew? There he is! There they- Where? Oh, there he is. Were they just in the ship? Take shot? What is it? Oh, it moves like a snake? Oh, wait. This penchant? What did he- It just like an anaconda? Did he just like clutch him? What just happened? Strategizing. Luffy looks pissed. Oh. Oh, back to the Plaza. Brother, I'm gonna be honest. You got to catch your stars that you fell. He's flashing back to like last episode. Oh my gosh, his tears are murdering people.  Oh my gosh. The Kraken is so ready to fight. I hope you people feel good about yourselves, all right? No, it wasn't. Oh, shoot. Wait. Oh, shoot. I'd like one in him could do a lot. But he would need multiple. It's so small. I think this is gonna show how powerful this steroid actually is. Oh, no. Kraken versus baby. Oh my gosh, man. This baby. He straight knocked the Kraken out already? Hey, man, listen. If you can fall asleep at night knowing you've gaslit a literal giant baby, we just have different values. All right. We're just different people. America. Oh, shoot. Oh, shoot. Jembe's gonna take care of business. Papa's here. God, you Jembe's so cracked. Uh-huh. Uh, wait. Why is that? What's like glowing? Wait. He's like falling. That's answer. Oh, we got another tease at Nami's straight. Just like lightning on the, on the, uh, oh, now you're just kicking him always down, man. Literally. Oh, the ice won't even run anymore. It already wore off. Sanji. Bro. Bro. Bro. Bro. Bro. Oh, shoot. Sanji and Jembe teaming up. Shubbo's team? Actually, no, this is Robin.  Oh, at least he's gonna like grab him. Oh, who's Monshin? The swordsman. I want him to fight Zoro, bro. There's so many. He's wasted Ando-D. Oh my God, bro. Oh, yeah, this cannibalism. Oh my goodness.  Who's that? What? What? Who even are you, bro? Zoro finna fight him first? Oh. He's like a sickle. It's that light fish, bro. Oh my gosh. That's creepy. Soon to be number one fishman. Oh, oh, he was gonna like challenge the octopus? Oh, the drug's getting to him. What is happening? Is he molting? Oh, he's like juicing, juicing like Hordy did. Like you take a certain amount, you just become perma-juiced. We'll see his hair white too. Oh, that's sick. That's sick. Oh, no, Zoro's gonna make light work of this guy and then to fight him. That is a cool blade, though. I like how the blade matches like his light. How it arcs. It's already gone. Oh, what? Oh my, oh my god. It's like a solar flare. Oh, Zoro closed his eyes. Shadow clone? He cut the bulb! Dude, the precision. Damn! Oh my gosh. He said I don't need to see Lil Bro. Get out of here. Ah, no, now you're just coping, man. Nope, nope. Heed his word. Oh, oh, dude! He looks sick! Yo, he looks cold though. He's murdering everybody. Oh man. I love this guy. I love wild cards so much. Dude, the fight is here. The fight is now. Him versus Zoro. It's coming and I'm ready. Dude, he's huge now. I hate the sound of his tentacles moving so much though. Oh, he's going for Robin. Ah, there he is, baby. It's time. It's time. It's time. It's time. It's time. It's time. It's here. The fight is here. The fight is now. I've been looking forward to this one. Ah, shoot. Little warm up. Meanwhile, it got less power. Oh, him punching? Yeah, dude. What do you mean as I thought? It's a water loopy. Dude, Hordy Jones is scuffed up, man. He's like, I got people down there fighting for me. Oh, Frankie, man. Frankie just made me smile, dude. The cast of Fishman Island is really solid. These other two years was all been about, baby. Oh, man. I've been looking forward to this Zoro, but as soon as I saw that guy and as soon as it was kind of setting up how strong he was actually as a swordsman, I was like, man, it's going to happen. And it's finally happening. Episode 561, let's go. Hordy's got a pretty solid villain laugh. I won't lie. Solid one piece laugh. Nothing crazy, but still good. Nowhere near. Gekomori, I got to say. Oh, probably because the ship's already going to start falling, bro. It's like anybody can lift it or stop it. Wait, what if they just go in and just save Vanderecken? Vanderecken redemption arc. Is it possible? Yes. Do I want it to happen? Not really. He is the wild card of the arc, though. Yes, he would. Sanji kind of feel bad for him, I think. Dude. It's not like one blast off is crazy. That is so cool, man. God, man. Sanji basically being able to fly is such a huge plot device or just a huge part of his kit now. It adds so much. So, make her own. Come on, Nami, let's flex a little bit. Black... Oh, are they all individual storm clouds? Oh, my gosh. And then it all combines. Oh, she's rags and goddamn. Okay, they actually die. You can't convince me otherwise. They perish. Oh, they know they can use her. They can get to her. No, mostly just him. Oh, my gosh. I mean, smart to analyze it that way. This is the second time she's being attacked by an invisible person, man. Bro, Sanji's going to flip out. Somebody. Who's somebody? Oh, Brooke. We're going to skip over that. Dry him up. Oh, Brooke? I can't, man, because I'm a skeleton. General... Oh, my God, bro. He just one tapped him. General Frank, the straw hats are so over leveled for this island, man. What? Why? Hordy Jones, crewing. This is the second time this has occurred. There's no way. There's no way. This guy is so cold. A headbutt to the bottom. He's put a headbutt, man. Never did I think I would see that. Oh, my gosh. This is the most powerful move. What are they going to do? Did this guy chopper just in a digging contest? No, chopper cracked for that, man, actually. Uh-oh. Oh, this is a big boy with a hammer. Guard dog. Usopp is chopper's guard dog. Uh-oh. Wait, what was hammer? Is this hammer back? That's my boy. Nice and ready. Usopp did another green star. Is this one different?  Oh, my gosh. And it was chopper and Usopp. Holy damn, bro. Actually, I would have never put that together. That's true. Holy. That was a really sick callback. About time they popped pills, bro. We're so far into this bad boy. Oh, my goodness. It's like phase two of them, of their boss fight. I think none of them have taken it because they're just scared of the side effects that we're seeing Hordy especially to. Oh, we got all the fights set up. Come on, Zoro, mess him up, bro. It's literally showing all the fights set up. I love that. And they're all going down like pretty rapid pace. I mean, it's cutting back to back to back so fast that I don't even remember half of the matchups, which I kind of like. But also, our crew is kind of big now. And Luffy's not even here. And I guess just the mystery of what our crew, like, whole crew can do. Adds to that. Oh. She's seeing the whole thing come true. I mean, the island's kind of on fire, Lokey. I mean, only care about the princess. Dang. If only Orohime could see all this now, man. Yep. Or even the kid has Krim and Merch. Oh, my God, man. Papagu is a mogul for real. It's kind of like Skypia. Lokey. All the people that could do. It's going to start falling any second. As soon as Vanderdeck and, like, kicks the bucket, it's over. It's going to start going down fast, too. I feel like it's the sheer gravity of it. Oh, she changes her course in time and gets it somewhere else. Oh, dang. I didn't think about that. Oh, man. It is a solid plan from Hortie, but it's an all or nothing. He's not going to be able to move Noah once it's out of the path. Oh, now they know. Thank you. Yes. Yes. She literally just needs to cut and go to the side. Well, your crew's not doing too good, Hortie. I'm going to keep it a buck, man. But Shirahoshi just booking it still. Oh, oh. She stopped. She just knows. And a girl Shirahoshi. Yes. She knows. She intelligent like that. You can't do that. Louis is not going to be able to do that much in the water, though. He's only so strong. Man, dude. Hortie is so lucky they're underwater. So lucky. He's a drop down already. He's like, please die, master. Stay in there, Van Der Dekken. Stay alive. I never thought I'd be saying that. This is a cool plot device, though. The sheer scale of it. You're my target. Wait. Is he going to throw something else? Oh, shoot. Oh, my gosh. How? He can just start throwing stuff before he dies. Oh, Hortie. They're throwing eggs. Oh, my gosh. Wait, Van Der Dekken better come in closer, actually. Yes. Look at the princess go. It's almost out from over it, actually. And he's going to toss an axe, too. I don't know, man. I feel like the axe is going to go so fast somebody else can get hit by it. I will protect Jigachad. Oh, that's sick. All of them back together again. The straw hats are so cracked now. I mean, they were strong before, but it's built different now. Frankie is quite literally built different now. Toss it. No. Oh, no. Oh, no. As soon as it stops moving, my heart... It stopped. Is it under it anymore, though? Or over it? They could have gotten out of the way. And now it's just going to start falling. Oh, my gosh. Dang, Rip Van Der Dekken. He's done. He was actually about to toss an axe, too, man. I'm guessing they didn't make it. It had to be so close, though. It is, of course, for real. Well, what's the trajectory? Oh, wait. It's still completely... Oh, my God, bro. It's still completely over it. I mean, it's a very large target, to be fair. And sure how she tried her best. Oh, it's such a cool situation to be in, as dire as it is. It's like a nuke falling to Earth. I love the way that this has developed, and it didn't just end up like Luffy versus Hordy, and it was just this big fight. Noah being a part of all of this and falling to Fishman Island is so cool.  I'm on the edge of my seat like the entire time I'm watching, just locked in. And you don't know the perspective because it doesn't keep you in the loop as much, so it finally reveals... That's a very rare occurrence for one piece to just show a corpse like that, man. I'm gonna be honest. We don't see people actually onscreen die, confirmed all that often, and that's about as dead as you can get. You're devil for power virtually deactivating. But I loved especially all those shots of all the straw hats at the end. Like, there's very artistic, you know, for the viewer shots. And all the fight setup, just... I love all the straw hats powers and everything, how it's all developing. Frankie being my favorite, but you guys know I'm pretty biased towards Frankie. But now we also sort of have the main base setup of fights versus Hordy's crew as well, which it hadn't really developed up until this point, aside from showing us who they were and what they sort of did. And now we have, like I said, face two of them versus the straw hats, which I'm not too worried about all of them, but the main concern right now is Noah out of anything. That, and I guess Hordy Jones too, because I feel like he's going to pop a whole lot more pills. But guys, that has been Emma from my reaction to One Piece today. I hope you did enjoy.  Peace, peace.


Hi friends, welcome back to my channel and a very special welcome. If you're new here, my name is Jen. I'm a certified weight loss and nutrition coach and it is Monday, so it's meal prep day. I have three amazing recipes for you. You are not going to want to miss these.  Subscribe if you're not because I do a meal prep every Monday and I do upload five videos every single week. Check out the description box down below where you will find my recipe website. That is where you can find all of today's recipes. Nutrition coaching, where I offer personalized to you macros and calories. Highly recommend this is how I've lost over 140 pounds as well as one-on-one coaching if you would like to chat with me directly. Links, discounts to my favorite things and come join our Facebook group. We would love to have you. So let's head on into the kitchen for this week's meal prep. For breakfast this week, I'm making an oven baked root vegetable frittata. I love frittatas. It's a great way to get in protein and lots of vegetables. I'm about a week out from plastic surgery. So we're upping the protein veggie game. So let me show you what you'll need. You're going to need one sweet potato, two or three parsnips, carrots. I've been using these baby carrots because I have them on hand. You can also use full-size carrots, feta cheese or goat cheese, garlic powder and parsley. I wish I had fresh parsley. I swear I bought it and I didn't. So I'm going to use dried I would recommend fresh parsley for this recipe. Salt and pepper. I will link my gravity-fed salt and pepper grinders down below for you. Bought these off of Amazon. Love them. And then you're going to need lots and lots of eggs. So the first thing I need to do is prep all my veggies. If you're using whole carrots, peel those and chop those. Peel and chop your sweet potato and your parsnips.  I am using my caraway home cookware skillet. You guys know I'm obsessed with caraway cookware. I am slowly transitioning all of my cookware over because it is absolutely amazing, life-changing. Life-changing cookware. I will link caraway down below for you. So I have my chopped up sweet potatoes, carrots and parsnips. And basically what we're going to do is just let these cook down until they're soft. While our vegetables are cooking down, we're going to prepare the frittata portion of our breakfast, which is lots of eggs. So I have eight eggs here. I'm going to crack those into a medium bowl. I'm going to add salt, pepper, and garlic powder, as well as some thyme. I forgot to show you guys that the recipe calls for thyme as well, so I'm going to add some dried thyme. And then using this handy-dandy egg thing that I got off of Teemo, this is a whisk for eggs. Look at that. It literally does eggs perfectly.  I actually shared this in my Teemo haul that went live yesterday. So I will link that video down below in case you missed it. We did a huge try-on haul, lots of kitchen gadgets. This thing, literal game changer, and it's less than a dollar. So I'm going to whisk my eggs together really, really well and then set them aside. All right, root vegetables are cooked. Look how amazing those look. They smell so good. I am going to spray a six-by-nine baking dish with some non-stick cooking spray. And then I'm going to put all of the root vegetables just in the bottom of the baking dish. Then I have my egg mixture here and we're going to pour that right on top of those root veggies. And then I have a 1 third cup of reduced fat feta and I'm going to kind of sprinkle that right on top. Now I'm putting this into a 400 degree oven until the eggs are set. If you were to cook your root veggies up in a oven-safe pan, you could put that skillet in the oven as well. I didn't even think of that. I should have used my Caraway Dutch oven. But since I didn't, I put it into a baking sheet and let's pop her into the oven. All right, that frittata bake is out of the oven. Look at how amazing this looks. You can see that I did add some dried parsley to the top. I actually did that right as I put it in the oven. I just sprinkled some on really quickly. Again, you can use fresh parsley and just mix that in with your root vegetables, whatever your preference is. But I will go ahead and put serving sizes, points, calories, markers here on the screen for you. So for my lunch, I'm making a cashew chicken, AKA cashew ground turkey. Let me explain some of the modifications that I made to this recipe. So you're going to need some quinoa. This is actually a bake. Typical cashew chicken is done in a skillet. This is going to be a bake. So we're going to use quinoa. I have some red quinoa that I want to use up. Hoisin sauce, soy sauce, minced garlic, fresh ginger, cashews, I'm going to have to use some of these little hundred calorie packs because if you didn't know, my husband is in the hospital. I'll give you guys an update in Wednesdays what I eat in a day. And I brought him the full bag of cashews as a snack. So good thing I have these on hand for this recipe. I am substituting chicken with ground turkey in a bake style of dish. I prefer a ground meat. I could have used ground chicken, but I had ground turkey on hand. So I'm going to use that. This is 99% fat-free. A couple of bell peppers and an onion. So back into my care way skillet, I have my pound at 99% ground turkey. I am going to go ahead and cook this up, allow it to brown. I'm going to pop in a little bit of salt and pepper for some flavor. While the ground turkey is browning, I'm going to dice up my onion and my bell peppers. I'm going to put together the sauce for my little quinoa bake. You can see here that I have my diced up bell peppers and onion. So the first thing I'm going to do is add one and a half cups of water to a bowl. A big, huge scoop of minced garlic. Half of a cup of hoisin sauce. A couple of tablespoons of soy sauce. And then some minced ginger. I'm going to stir this up and this is going to be the sauce for our lunch. I have a nine by 13 baking dish sprayed with some non-stick cooking spray. I'm going to add one cup of dried quinoa to the bottom and then just spread that out. And then I'm going to layer my diced onion and bell pepper right on top of that dry quinoa. And then I'm going to add all of that ground turkey right on top of those veggies. And then we're going to add our sauce right on top. And then we're going to sprinkle half of a cup of cashews right on top. I'm going to cover with some foil, pop it into a 375 degree oven for about 45 minutes. The cashew chicken slash turkey quinoa bake is out of the oven. Oh my goodness, this looks amazing. I noticed that it is a little bit soupy still. It did say that it will continue to thicken up as it sits for about 10 to 15 minutes. The quinoa is cooked completely through. This is going to be an amazing, amazing lunch. So let me go ahead and put points, calories, macros here on the screen for you. So for a sweet treat this week, I'm making protein brownies. Now I have heard absolute, absolute rave reviews about these protein brownies, so I am so excited. So let me show you what you'll need. First you're going to need Lily's chocolate chips or really any no sugar added chocolate chip. I'm going to be using my Motivate chocolate protein. If you missed my review of the new protein from Motivate, it is a million out of 10. It is so good. The chocolate is extraordinary. It has this rich chocolate flavor. No protein flavor, no weird sweetener flavor. It's so incredibly delicious.  I highly recommend the protein powder. And then I'm going to be using the Kodiak protein powder flower. Now, unfortunately this has been discontinued by Kodiak. I have quite a few bags. One of my lovely subscribers mailed me a whole bunch. You can sometimes find these at grocery outlet if you have that in your area. If you don't have this and you want to use a protein flower, you can use an unsweetened protein. Add it to regular flour to make your own protein flour. So I do have some Isopyr unsweetened protein as well. So when this protein flower is gone, I will be making my own. It's just a really good way to get in some extra protein. I would do three quarters regular flour and a quarter unsweetened protein powder if you don't have the Kodiak power flower. You'll need salt, unsweetened applesauce, sweetener of your choice. As always, I have Lakonto granulated. I also have a 15% off discount for Lakonto. So I'll put that down below. You'll need eggs, cocoa powder, vanilla, and baking powder. So to put together our brownies, super simple. Everything's going into one bowl. So I have a quarter cup of flour, two thirds of a cup of Lakonto granulated, a third of a cup of unsweetened applesauce, about a teaspoon of vanilla extract, salt, one third cup of protein powder, which was actually just a little bit over a scoop of the motivate chocolate. So I just did a heaping scoop, two eggs, two tablespoons of unsweetened cocoa powder, a teaspoon of baking powder, and then 200 lilies chocolate chips. And then mix all of that together really well. You're going to grab out an eight by eight baking dish, spray it with some nonstick cooking spray, and we'll get this brownie batter into the baking dish and get it into the oven. I did add a little bit of water just to get the right consistency. It's a very, very, very thick batter. So I'm going to add that to my greased eight by eight baking dish and spread that out nice and even in the bottom. I think I told you I put 200 lilies chips in the mix. It's 200 lilies chips total, 150. I stirred into the batter, 50 I put on top just so we get that nice, ooey-gooey chocolate on top. These are going into a 350 degree oven for about 20 minutes. Oh my goodness, these brownies smell so good. They are nice and thick. And look at all that melted chocolate. I'm super excited for these. You can also frost these if you would like. There's quite a few low calorie, low point frosting recipes out there. But I think with the addition of the chocolate chips on the top, it's going to give the perfect flavor and texture. So again, all of the information is here on the screen for you. Thank you for joining me for this week's meal prep. I hope you enjoyed all three recipes that I shared with you today. Don't forget they are all on my recipe website, which is linked down in the description box along with nutrition coaching, links and discounts to my favorite things. And of course my Facebook group definitely come on over and join us there. We would love to have you. Thank you so much for watching. Happy Monday friends, and I'll see you in the next video. Bye.


Hi, everyone. I'm Mark Collier with the OpenStack Foundation. And I'm back to give you another demo this time of IceHouse. This is the latest release of OpenStack, the cloud platform that makes it easy for you to manage pools of resources in your data center. I want to just show off a few of the new features and the new look and feel here in the dashboard on IceHouse. So as in previous releases, there are project and admin views. So depending on whether you're an end user or if you're doing administrative tasks. But because so much more functionality has been added over the last couple of releases to OpenStack, you can see here there's been a need to really create these collapsible and expandable sections so you can actually zoom in on the particular service you're wanting to manage. So that's just one of the neat new enhancements we've seen here in the IceHouse version. And if we actually go in here and start to provision some resources, I'll start with volumes and show you something that has been added to IceHouse. So in the past, of course, you could create a volume. And I'm running this on my laptop, so I'll just make a small volume. But with availability zones, with any of these resources, you can actually target the availability zone that you're wanting to provision the resource in. Again, being on a laptop, of course, for this demo, I don't have a lot of availability zones, but this is something that you would really come in handy when you have a much larger cloud. Now, one of the new features here in the IceHouse is that with a volume like this, you can actually extend the volume. So I had said that I was going to make a small one gig volume, so we're going to go ahead and extend it to two gigs. And in a few moments, you'll see that we've got the successful sign here that my volume's now been expanded to two gigs. So being able to do that through the Block Storage service, aka sender, as it's known by its code name, is a handy feature. Now, if I go in here to my instances and want to start an instance, I'll be able to actually boot from that volume that I created earlier. And you'll see that my volume is right here. So we'll go ahead and make this my new instance. And we'll show you how easy it is to get that started. So within a few seconds here, we'll have booted up a new image. It'll be attached through the block mapping here to that new volume that we created and also we're able to expand. And you'll see that this is really the basic function of any cloud is to provision those resources, get your virtual machine up, determine how much storage you want to have, how you want to attach it with your instance. And of course, when you're selecting your instance, you may have a number of different flavors that are here for your users. And you can configure in the admin section if you're administrator, what some of these different sections may be, what some of these different flavors may be, in fact. And of course, you'll notice here because there has been more capabilities added to OpenStack to power new services, the new service with Icehouse is the database service, code name Trove. So this is database as a service. So if you take that very, very common technology that every enterprise and every application relies on, which of course is various data stores and you want to be able to automate that, having databases as a service is a great new feature here in Icehouse. Now, if we switch over to the admin view, I'll just show you a couple of things here that are worth highlighting. One is under host aggregates. Again, as you're looking to have bigger and bigger cloud and you want to manage availability zones as well as host aggregates, having that capability here is really useful. And I also mentioned before that you as an administrator want to respond to the needs of your users, you want to be able to give them the combinations, AKA the flavors of resources that they want. So for example, if you wanted to change this flavor so that it had four BCPUs or one to manage your resources a little differently, you can all edit that here.  So the last thing I just want to highlight because it's a nice user experience enhancement, which came from a lot of feedback because of how many people have been using OpenStack, running Grizzly, running Havana, talking about where they want to go with Icehouse and beyond is that we can now actually go in here and inline edit the project. So whenever there are tables like this, you can actually make edits right here live. So these are just a few of the refinements that have come from, again, lots of people running OpenStack in production and responding to that through the roadmap. So with that, I hope you get a chance to check out OpenStack for your company and I hope you have a good time with OpenStack. Thanks.


when autistic people show themselves steaming on camera. Something that is very heavily characterized in terms of the autistic community as being a pretty sort of repetitive, self-regulatory, stereotypical behavior. It's something that everybody does to a certain extent. You may find yourself sort of as a neurotypical person biting your nails, sort of the skin around your nails or pen lids or twizzling or bouncing your leg up and down. These are very, very common things that people do and they do provide us with input, which can be quite regulating for us. But in the autistic context, steaming are these very sort of repetitive things.  You might see people flapping or like rocking. For me, a really, really big one that no one really notices is that I very much changed my head position quite a lot because I really like that vestibular balance-based input.


So everyone Jake here with late in sports cards, we're up in two leaf jerseys for Brent C Let's see what we can get here, man So you just open one at a time. Yeah, and I would like Push that push it back So you have space like that box around here.  Look at that. Oh, that's a sick auto actually on a Raiders uni Cation there's your shirt right there. And then if there's like a name sticker, you'll want to show the name sticker like Marcus Allen so that they believe you. Yeah, you're not just reading someone's order. Yeah That's a good start though Pretty solid pretty song chiefs legend. All right last box for you Brent Let's see some here. Let's see a Brady last box tonight Brady. Come on. See a Brady last box of the night last box at night I was wondering why Matt was awake. He's off on my days Legend to wow Good young player George Pickens Steelers see we can find that auto. There it is Yeah, that's George Pickens. All right, that's the auto Little Pickens action got your shirt right there. Got the tag right there Very nice very nice Pretty solid pretty solid two boxes of leaf jerseys right there, man Appreciate you again. We'll get these right out to you